第一篇：2012年1月考研英語一答案

2012年1月考研英語一答案(完整版)

完形填空

1.B.maintain

2.A.when

3.B.weakened

4.D.accepted

5.C.bound

6.B.subject

7.D.applies

8.B.raise

9.A.line

10.B.as

11.A.so

12.C.upset

13.C.cultivate

14.D.tied

15.A.concepts

16.C.shapes

17.A.dismissed

18.C.address

19.D.accountable

20.D.as a result

閱讀理解

Text 1

21.D a cause of undesirable behaviors

22.B learn from advertisers’experience

23.A adequately probe social and biological factors

24.C occurs without our realizing it

25.Dquestionable

Text 2

26.C dishonoring.27.A obtain protection from Vermont regulators.28.A managerial practices.29.B the mature of states’ patchwork regulations.30.B the authority of the NRC will be defied.Text 3

31.A uncertainty and complexity.32.A strict inspection.33.B has been examined by the scientific community.34.D scientific work calls for a critical mind.35.D Challenge to Credibility at the Gate to Science.[鍵入文字]聲明：本資料由考試吧（Exam8.com）收集整理，轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出自

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Text 4

36.C unions have enlarged their public-sector membership.37.D Public-sector unions seldom get in trouble for their actions.38.B indirectly augmented.39.C may be a barrier to public-sector reforms.40.A disapproval.Part B

41.C Not only did they develop such a device but by the turn of the millennium they had also managed to embed it in a worldwide system accessed by billions of people every

day.42.D This is because the networked computer has sparked a secret war between

downloading and uploadingwhose outcome will shape our collective future in ways we can only begin to imagine.43.A Of course, it is precisely these superfluous things that define human culture and ultimately what it is to be human.Downloading and consuming culture requires great

skills, but failing to move beyond downloading is to strip oneself of a defining

constituent of humanity.44.F One reason for the persistence of this pyramid of production is that for the past half-century, much of the world's media culture has been defined by a single medium

-television-and television is defined by downloading.45.G The networked computer offers the first chance in 50 years to reverse the flow, to encourage thoughtful downloading and, even more importantly, meaningful uploading.翻譯

46.在物理學(xué)領(lǐng)域，有一種方法將這種“萬物歸一的沖動(dòng)”推向了極致，它試圖探尋到能解 釋一切的，最底層的公式。

47.在這一點(diǎn)上，達(dá)爾文學(xué)說似乎給人們提供了準(zhǔn)則，如果所有人種同宗同源，那么“文 化多樣性也能追溯到更為單一的源頭”的假定也就不無道理了。

48.將偶發(fā)的和獨(dú)特的從這些共性中篩除掉能夠讓我們了解文化行為的復(fù)雜起源以及是什么

在發(fā)展中或認(rèn)知過程中指導(dǎo)我們。

49.第二，喬舒亞·格林貝格采用了一個(gè)更加經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義的方法來解釋普遍性;他認(rèn)為許多語言 都共有特性，(尤其是在語序上);這些特性被認(rèn)為代表了由認(rèn)知限制所帶來的偏見;

50.喬姆斯基的語法應(yīng)該表現(xiàn)了語言改變的模式，該模式是獨(dú)立于家譜也獨(dú)立于貫穿家譜的 路徑，而格林伯根的統(tǒng)一性理論則預(yù)言了不同種語序關(guān)系乊間的強(qiáng)烈的相互依存性。寫作

小作文

Dear friends,On behalf of the Students’ Union, I am writing to extend my warm welcome to all the

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international students that are coming to our university.I firmly believe that your entering our university will bring us new ideas from different cultures and promote communication.Also, we have some suggestions before you come to our university.As you all know, we have a great much free time in college and the teachers don’t oversee us strictly.Therefore, it is recommended that you can arrange your time properly and avoid being indulged in computer games, etc.Moreover, in order to make yourselves quickly adjusted

to our campus life, it would be of great help if you can learn Chinese as well as you can.Last but not the least, it is necessary to take part in some activities so that you can improve your communication abilities and expand horizon.We are looking forward to seeing you soon and wish everything goes well.Yours sincerely

Li Ming

大作文

As is shown in the picture above, two men react in completely opposite ways when faced

with the same event: A bottle fell off on the ground, and the wine inside spilt out.One is smiling, feeling glad that he still has the rest half of the wine while the other is sighing in great desperation saying that “everything screwed up!”

The cartoon tells us that being optimistic and being pessimistic are two different

attitudes towards life.Faced with a challenge, a pessimistic person may feel gloomy and distressed.He considers himself powerless, and complains about it all day long, refusing even to have a try before giving it up in the end.An optimistic person, however, may adopt an entirely different approach.He may not regard the challenge as something that

bad;instead, he takes it as an excellent opportunity to display his abilities and talent.As an old saying goes, “The way you perceive the world will determine your way to cope with it.”

In my point of view, though it is natural that we encounter challenges of one kind

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第二篇：2014考研英語(一)真題答案(完整版)

文都首發(fā)2014考研英語一真題答案（完整版）

來源：文都教育

I cloze

1.A where

2.B fades

3.D while

4.C damaging

5.A well-bing

6.A turns

7.C workouts

8.B functions

9.D process

10.C excel

11.D However

12.A according toB furtherA sharpnessD allowsB trackD on

18.C constantlyC buildB effective

II Reading comprehension

Part A

Text 1BEncourage job seekers’ active engagement in job seeking.22 Cto register for an allowance from the government.AA desire to secure a better life for all.24Auneasy.BOsborne’s reforms will reduce the risk of unemployment.Text 2.D.The attraction of financial rewards

27.C.Pursuing a bachelor’s degree in another major

28.B.The rigid bodies governing the profession

29.A.Bans outsides’ involvement in the profession

30.C.A problem in America’s legal profession and solutions to it

Text 3

31Athe symbol of the entrepreneurs

32B: the founders of the new rewards

33D: the demonstration of research foundings

34A: their endurance has done justice to them

35A : acceptable despite the criticism

Text 4

Acritical

Ckeep a leading position in liberal education

Aan exclusive study of American history

Bcautious about intellectual investigation

Billiberal education and “the Heart of the Matter”.Part B

41.C How do archaeologists

42.F Most archaeologists, however

43.G Ground surveys allow

44.D Surveys can cover

45.B In otehr case

Part C

46.It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it and not grasp music itself.這就是為什么當(dāng)我們嘗試用語言來描述音樂時(shí)，我們能清楚的表達(dá)對(duì)音樂的反應(yīng)，但并沒有領(lǐng)會(huì)音樂的精髓。

47.By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding, let along the performance, of his works.據(jù)大家所說，貝多芬是個(gè)思想自由而且有勇氣的人，發(fā)現(xiàn)勇氣是理解他作品的本質(zhì)，更不用說演奏他的作品了。

48.Beethoven’s habit of increasing the volume with an extreme intensity and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him.貝多芬表演時(shí)習(xí)慣性的增加他的音量，然后突然轉(zhuǎn)為柔和的節(jié)拍，前輩的音樂家很少有這種習(xí)慣。

49.Especially significant was his views of freedom, which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual;he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.尤其重要的是他對(duì)自由的看法，他認(rèn)為這和個(gè)人的權(quán)利和責(zé)任有關(guān)，他提倡思想自由和個(gè)人言論自由。

50.One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.人們會(huì)將貝多芬的很多作品解釋為——痛苦是難免的，但是與痛苦抗?fàn)幍挠職獗砻魃档没钕氯ァ?/p>

III Writing

Part A

Dear Mr.President,I am writing to put forward some suggestions concerning the ways to improve student’s physical condition in your university.My proposals are as the following.First and foremost, I propose that we should take advantages of physical education classes on our campus, and not only educate students to realize the significance of the classes, but also to encourage students to take an active part in the classes.More importantly, we should attach importance to the role played by extra-curricular activates.For example, we could plan and organize a large number of such ball games as football games, basketball games and so on.It’s my honor to share my opinions concerned with you.If you could take my advice into consideration, I will be highly grateful.Sincerely yours,Li Ming

Part B

As is shown above, in the first picture, along the road walked a young and vigorous mother, leading her girl hand in hand, with smile on her face three decades ago, while nowadays the daughter in the prime of her life guided her aged mother through the road arm in arm in the second picture.Recently there is a heated discussion about these pictures on Wei bo.Simple as they are, the meaning behind is as deep as ocean.The meaningful drawing mirrors a common phenomenon in contemporary society that there is the positive influence of fealty.It is universally acknowledged that supporting the aged is the responsibility of the sons and daughters of the Chinese people.First of all, emphases should be given to the cultivation of young children on respecting and loving the elders, which is undoubtedly an essential factor of this phenomenon.In addition, our government should take joint efforts to carry out effective measures on how to punish those who abuse the elders.Last but not the least, every individuals should keep deep in mind that it is the elders that contributed a lot to the rapid development of our society.Given all the above arguments, I take the attitude that, first of all, we should show filial piety to parents who bring us to maturity.More importantly, the public should embrace and promote the awareness of filial duty which is importance for a more active and healthy society.In conclusion, filial piety, as a traditional Chinese virtue, is indispensable for us living a more valuable and fulfilling life.

第三篇：2018考研英語一作文

2018考研英語(一)大作文真題范文及譯文

2018考研英語(一)大作文是讓考生描寫關(guān)于一位同學(xué)選擇課程的圖畫，并且對(duì)背后的含義進(jìn)行解讀。針對(duì)本題，文都考研教學(xué)研究院英語教學(xué)研究中心提供參考范文一篇如下：

【題目】

52.Directions:

Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the picture below.In your essay, you should

1)describe the picture briefly

2)interpret the meaning, and

3)give your comments.Write your answer neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points)2018考研英語(一)大作文真題范文及譯文:

As is vividly depicted in the graph that sitting in front of a computer, a student is selecting the curriculum, taking numerous elements into consideration including the innovation, the freshness of knowledge and the level of difficulty as well as the scoring, the qualified rate and burden of assignment.The caption says: The course selecting is on the way, indicating the importance of well-rounded consideration while making a choice.We can deduce from the portrayal that well-rounded contemplating, a significant quality, serves as an indispensable capability bringing about positive influence toward different aspects of our lives.It is commonly known that the value of comprehensiveness and sophistication of thinking has been proved by countless examples around us, such as the governmental policy making and selection of compulsory and optional course.If we can put this notion into practice, it would exert profound and constructive influence.Therefore, well-rounded and thorough thinking will create huge benefit to the prosperity of community as well as personal development.Whatever difficulty or situation we are confronted with, those who have the ability of analyzing the ingredients and integrating them together are nearer to success.Therefore, well-rounded consideration is the wisdom we should live up to.【參考譯文】

正如本幅圖畫所生動(dòng)表現(xiàn)出的那樣，一個(gè)學(xué)生坐在電腦前選課。他考慮了許多因素，包括創(chuàng)新，知識(shí)的新度，課程難度以及得分，通過率和作業(yè)量等因素。圖下字體顯示：選課進(jìn)行時(shí)。這表明了在做選擇時(shí)全面思考的重要性。

我們可以從畫中看出全面的思考是一種非常重要的素質(zhì)，是一種不可缺少的能力，對(duì)我們生活的各個(gè)方面有著影響。我們常常在我們周圍看到展現(xiàn)思考的全面性和成熟度的例子，比如政府政策制定和選擇必修課及選修課。如果我們能夠做到這一點(diǎn)，它將會(huì)產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)積極的影響。因此，全面和透徹的思考方式無論對(duì)社會(huì)還是個(gè)人都有著巨大的好處。

無論遇到什么樣的困難和情況，可以在思考中分析各個(gè)因素，并將其綜合的人總是更有可能成功。因此，全面思考是我們應(yīng)該努力去做到的。

第四篇：2018考研英語二答案

2018英語二答案

1.【答案】A

【解析】句首作者提出疑問，“為什么人們會(huì)讀互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的負(fù)面評(píng)論和明顯很讓人傷心的其它事情呢？”隨后作者給出答案，“因?yàn)槿藗兌加衉__不確定性的內(nèi)在需求”。[A]解決[B]保護(hù)[C]討論[D]忽視，根據(jù)動(dòng)賓搭配關(guān)系，解決不確定性搭配合理。

2.【答案】C

【解析】本題考查動(dòng)介詞搭配。根據(jù)原文語境，需要選擇一個(gè)動(dòng)詞和后面的“to”連用。[A]拒絕做...[B]等待做...[C]尋求，力求做...[D]后悔做...結(jié)合文意“人們要___ 滿足他們的好奇心”來判斷，正選為[C]尋求，力求做。3.【答案】D

【解析】根據(jù)原文語境，“painful, uncertainty”均為消極詞匯。4.【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配考查。根據(jù)原文語境，考查短語____ sb to sth 意為“讓某人承受某事”。因此，C選項(xiàng)為正選。5.【答案】 B 【解析】根據(jù)上文，第二段句首提到in a series of four experiments,說明是在“實(shí)驗(yàn)”的語境。結(jié)合四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，[A]信息[B]實(shí)驗(yàn)[C]復(fù)習(xí)[D]觀念，只有B選項(xiàng)和段落語境相符合。因此為正選。6.【答案】 C

【解析】動(dòng)賓搭配。結(jié)合語境，“當(dāng)點(diǎn)擊的時(shí)候，一半的鋼筆會(huì)____電流。”根據(jù)動(dòng)賓搭配，本題需要一個(gè)動(dòng)詞來搭配電流，考查四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，[A]移除[B]削弱[C]傳遞[D]打擾 A選項(xiàng)更符合語境。7.【答案】 D

【解析】時(shí)間狀語的考查。結(jié)合語境，“___被獨(dú)自留在房間，學(xué)生會(huì)....”,因此，這是一個(gè)非常明顯的時(shí)間狀語從句。正選為D.8.【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。結(jié)合原文語境，由who 引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾前面的學(xué)生，而在定語從句中，又出現(xiàn)由what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。結(jié)合賓語從句的含義，“知道接下來會(huì)發(fā)生什么”更符合語境。9.【答案】B

【解析】結(jié)合語境，后面語境為并列關(guān)系，因此此題應(yīng)填舉例子。B為正選。10.【答案】D

【解析】Discover 與上文中的Curiosity 相對(duì)應(yīng)。11.【答案】C

【解析】本詞與后文的Basic drives 的詳細(xì)說明。與shelter一樣都屬于人類的基本需求。.【答案】D

【解析】破折號(hào)的內(nèi)容是對(duì)前文instinct 的解釋。說明這種本能能夠促進(jìn)新的科學(xué)發(fā)展，屬于因果關(guān)系。13.【答案】B

【解析】跟前文的drives 相對(duì)應(yīng)。14.【答案】A 【解析】本題與前文的backfire相對(duì)應(yīng)，都屬于貶義詞。15.【答案】A

【解析】從后文的試驗(yàn)中，參與者應(yīng)該被鼓勵(lì)參與，因此跟前文的堅(jiān)持相對(duì)應(yīng)。16.【答案】A

【解析】通過后文的after能看出這個(gè)事情并沒有發(fā)生，因此填預(yù)測(cè)。17.【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)賓搭配。18.【答案】C

【解析】of 引導(dǎo)的后置定語。由一個(gè)人的好奇心所帶來的結(jié)果。19.【答案】A

【解析】whether 引導(dǎo)賓語從句。20.【答案】D

【解析】關(guān)聯(lián)對(duì)應(yīng)，對(duì)應(yīng)18題的outcome.【答案】C practical ability

【解析】這是一道細(xì)節(jié)題，根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞可定位至第二段最后一句話,意思是”什么時(shí)候這種觀點(diǎn)變得可接受了呢？學(xué)生應(yīng)該能夠說出美國第十三任總統(tǒng)的名字，但是卻完全對(duì)壞了的自行車鏈?zhǔn)譄o策”。從作者使用問句的形式就可判斷出作者并不接受這種觀點(diǎn)，即學(xué)生只學(xué)會(huì)書本上的知識(shí)而不具備實(shí)際能力。再結(jié)合上一句話即本段第二句話，Mr Koziatek是New Hampshire高中的一名老師，在這所學(xué)校，學(xué)習(xí)不只是書本上的知識(shí)，或者是為了考試，也不是為了機(jī)械化的記憶，而是為了實(shí)際的技能。能看出，作者認(rèn)為學(xué)生們?nèi)鄙俚氖菍?shí)際技能，所以答案是C practical ability.22.【答案】 B are not academically successful

【解析】這是一道具體細(xì)節(jié)題，根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞職業(yè)教育對(duì)孩子存在的偏見可定位至第四段最后一句，意思是“在很多職業(yè)化教育的學(xué)校中，有這樣一種老套的思想，那就是，職業(yè)教育是針對(duì)那些在學(xué)術(shù)上不能成功的那些孩子的?！备鶕?jù)這句話可確定答案就是B are not academically successful。其他選項(xiàng)均不符合文意。

23．【答案】C used to have more job opportunities

【解析】這是一道細(xì)節(jié)推斷題，根據(jù)題干第五段和high school graduates 回到原文定位致第五段第三句，說到美國經(jīng)濟(jì)曾經(jīng)提供給高中畢業(yè)生的那種the job security已經(jīng)在很大程度上evaporated也就是消失了，那說明過去的時(shí)候高中畢業(yè)生是有職業(yè)安全感的，故選C，其他選項(xiàng)都不在定位處，可以排除。24.【答案】D indicate the overvaluing of higher education 【解析】這是一道事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題，根據(jù)題干內(nèi)容“the headlong push”找到出處是第六段開頭But后，發(fā)現(xiàn)后面還有一個(gè)and...和其并列，所以主要關(guān)注對(duì)這兩部分的評(píng)價(jià)，后面有明顯的標(biāo)點(diǎn)：冒號(hào)出現(xiàn)，冒號(hào)后說that is not the only thing the American economy needs.可以看出這句話對(duì)前面的否定，選項(xiàng)中只有D選項(xiàng)動(dòng)詞overvalue是負(fù)面詞，而且提到主題詞education。故選D。這道題最適合用感情色彩來排除與D相反的其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)。25.【答案】A supportive 【解析】這是一道態(tài)度題，放在最末的態(tài)度題更傾向于到最后一段找答案。通過定位詞Koziatek’s school 看到最后一段也確實(shí)提到了，說它是一個(gè)wake-up call。也就是在喚醒人們教育不應(yīng)該是統(tǒng)一的形式，這樣會(huì)overlooking a nation’s diversity of gifts，也就是忽視人才的差異性。所以可以看出作者是支持的態(tài)度。

【答案】 C falling

【解析】這是一道詞義句意題，要想知道plummeting 的意思，首先要回到原文找線索，即plummeting所在的句子以及上下句，由原文可知，plummeting所在句子是在說現(xiàn)在例如風(fēng)能和太陽能這樣的可再生資源的價(jià)格的問題，plummeting是修飾可再生資源的價(jià)格的，接著二段最后一句就在用具體數(shù)字來證明可再生資源的成本在下降，如太陽能成本下降了百分之八十，風(fēng)能也降到三分之一，由此可知，可再生資源的成本在下降，plummeting的含義是下降的意思。所以選擇C falling。

27.【答案】A is progressing notably

【解析】這是一道具體細(xì)節(jié)題，根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位至第三段第三句及第四句，意思是“在中國和歐洲等國家已經(jīng)領(lǐng)先時(shí)，美國也在見證著巨大的改變。根據(jù)美國能源信息局報(bào)道，三月份，美國首次使用風(fēng)能和太陽能產(chǎn)生了超過百分之十以上的能源?！边@足以說明在美國，可再生能源的使用正在取得顯著地進(jìn)步。所以答案是A。

28.【答案】 A wind is a widely used energy source

【解析】這是一道細(xì)節(jié)推斷題，根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位至第四段第三句，在愛荷華州，風(fēng)力渦輪機(jī)點(diǎn)綴著這個(gè)州并提供了此州百分之三十六的電能，并且還吸引了像微軟這樣的科技巨頭公司。因此可判斷，在愛荷華州，風(fēng)能是一種廣泛使用的能源。所以答案是A。

29.【答案】 C its continuous supply is becoming a reality

【解析】這是一道是非細(xì)節(jié)題，根據(jù)題干給出的段落位置，5-6兩段和主題詞clean energy，回到原文的第5-6段，這兩段都不長，第五段出現(xiàn)了But后講到電池容量的提升a boost in the storage，與A選項(xiàng)不符，并不是因果關(guān)系，故排除；B選項(xiàng)說道廣泛用在制造業(yè)也不符合原文第六段第一句；而D選項(xiàng)和原文第六段最后一句是語義相反的，故也排除；正確選項(xiàng)C是和這句話語義一致的，也是和全文主題一致的，故為正確答案。

30．【答案】C is not really encouraged by the US government

【解析】這是一道細(xì)節(jié)推斷題，題干問“根據(jù)最后一段可以推斷出來可再生能源怎么了”，回到原文最后一段第一句就表明盡管還有很長一段路要走，可再生能源發(fā)展的趨勢(shì)在增強(qiáng)。后面也提到改變的節(jié)奏在加快，對(duì)slowing氣候變化有meaningful effect，所以可以看出B選項(xiàng)accelerate...是不對(duì)的，D選項(xiàng)中提到的價(jià)格不具有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力不在本段當(dāng)中，也應(yīng)排除。剩下的兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)都提到了美國，就應(yīng)該重點(diǎn)看最后一句，最后一句提到華盛頓政府做或不做什么都may mean less and less...所以可以看出美國不應(yīng)該是和其他國家更近，排除A，所以選C，美國不是真正支持可再生能源的。

31.【答案】 ［B］user information 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到第一段第二句。該句提到兩年前Facebook花了更多的錢獲得了WhatsApp的信息服務(wù)。接著提到WhatsApp提供給Facebook的是關(guān)于其用戶的朋友圈以及社會(huì)生活等具體精煉的信息。由此可知，B項(xiàng)為正確答案。

32.【答案】［C］pose a risk to Facebook users 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞linking the phone number定位第二段第一句。該句提到Facebook向歐洲委員會(huì)承諾不會(huì)把用戶的電話號(hào)與Facebook的身份認(rèn)證連系到一起，但是協(xié)議通過之后Facebook立馬失信。接下來提到“甚至都不清楚信息里面都有什么，也不知誰發(fā)的消息，發(fā)送的目的又是什么”。因此，可能會(huì)給用戶造成風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。因此C項(xiàng)符合文意。

33.【答案】［D］cannot keep pace with the changing market

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞competition law 定位到第三段第一句。該句指出“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)法似乎成為解決這些不平等權(quán)力的唯一辦法，但是此法案太過笨拙”。下一句提到“一方面，相比于數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)變化的速度，此法案發(fā)展是非常緩慢的”。由此可知，該法案跟不上當(dāng)前市場(chǎng)變化的步伐。因此D項(xiàng)為正確答案。34.【答案】［D］the services are paid for by advertisers.【解析】根據(jù)題目中的because 可確定為因果細(xì)節(jié)題。題干中的信息出現(xiàn)在第三段后半部分，是題目中的原詞 competition law as presently interpreted，而原因在其后面的句子。下文寫到，the users of their services are not，讀到這里的not，一定要找而是誰。繼續(xù)讀下一句，That would be the people who buy advertising from them…，與選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)，可得出［D］the services are paid for by advertisers。35.【答案】［D］the relationship between digital giants and their users.【解析】根據(jù)題目中is used to illustrate可判斷為例證題，要找到the ants analogy論據(jù)所證明的論點(diǎn)；論點(diǎn)在論據(jù)之前，因此先找到論據(jù)the ants analogy，再找到論據(jù)前的論點(diǎn)句。所以本題定位到最后一段的第一句，The product …is data，and we…convert our lives to data…。此句中，data即digital giants，we 即 users。因此答案為［D］the relationship between digital giants and their users.36.【答案】［D］keep to your focus time

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干的mastering the art of deep work定位到第二段首句。該句指出“有很多種掌握深度工作的方法-不論是專注于指定工作時(shí)長時(shí)間的后退，或者養(yǎng)成慣例，還是當(dāng)你一天有閑暇之余采用紀(jì)實(shí)的方式捕捉深度工作的瞬間”。接著提到“不論是那種方式，關(guān)鍵在于確定你的專注力時(shí)間長度并保持專注”。由此可知，D項(xiàng)為正確答案。

37.【答案】［B］detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expected

【解析】例證題。根據(jù)題干時(shí)間信息1980s以及Harford定位到第四段與第五段。第四段首句指出另一種短時(shí)間做更多事情的方法是反思怎么才能優(yōu)先處理好你的一天-特別是制作我們待辦事項(xiàng)的方法。接著作者舉例大學(xué)生們分成小組每天做各種詳細(xì)復(fù)雜的任務(wù)。第五段首句用while畫風(fēng)一轉(zhuǎn)，表示這種復(fù)雜的任務(wù)讓學(xué)生們感到消極，并表示工作中難免會(huì)分散注意力，這將影響日常待辦事項(xiàng)的效率?？芍髡哂梅疵胬觼碚撟C觀點(diǎn)，即復(fù)雜的計(jì)劃可能沒有像期望的那樣有效果。故選B項(xiàng)。

38.【答案】［D］an essential factor in accomplishing any work.【解析】根據(jù)題目Newport得出本題目為細(xì)節(jié)題中的文中人物觀點(diǎn)題。根據(jù)題干中的idleness可定位到倒數(shù)第三段，idleness is not，讀到這里依然需要看下文，下面提到it is as…as…，is necessary to getting any work done。再對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)，可直接選出［D］an essential factor in accomplishing any work。39.【答案】［A］can bring about greater efficiency.【解析】根據(jù)題目中的Pillay believes 可得出本題目為細(xì)節(jié)題中的文中人物觀點(diǎn)題型。根據(jù)題目中的信息，可以定位到倒數(shù)第二段最后一句，明確指出they tend to be more efficient。然后對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)得出［A］can bring about greater efficiency。40.【答案】［A］approaches to getting more done in less time.【解析】根據(jù)題目的mainly about可知為文章主旨題，首先可以通過題目的復(fù)現(xiàn)內(nèi)容找與文章主旨有關(guān)的詞匯，題目中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)了focus內(nèi)容，可判斷與人們的注意力有。其次，文章主旨一般在開篇第一段或第二段會(huì)出現(xiàn)，第一段引用Cal Newport的觀點(diǎn)指出focus without distraction話題，第二段就提到了主題approaches to mastering thd art of deep work，此刻主題已明確，并且第四段有明顯的證明another approach。所以本題選［A］approaches to getting more done in less time。

41.【答案】B

【解析】該小標(biāo)題需要涵蓋三段內(nèi)容。第一段開始說到你想跟陌生人說話，但是“it just won’t come out”，提到說話說不出來，隨后直接出現(xiàn)我的建議“My advice：just get it out“，即去說。所以選B：Just say it去說 42.【答案】F

【解析】該小標(biāo)題下第一段第一句話就說了你時(shí)間有限“you have limited time”，然后說到如果陷到寒暄當(dāng)中“hi，hello，how are you，what is going on”會(huì)讓對(duì)話沒法令人印象深刻。下一段“So”表明結(jié)論，去問更多個(gè)人問題“personal questions”，所以選F：Skip the small talk跳過寒暄 43.【答案】D

【解析】第一句話就說到了第一次交談要找到共同點(diǎn)“have in common”，從這個(gè)共同點(diǎn)“that point”來開展對(duì)話“build the conversation”，所以選D：find the “me too”s找到共同點(diǎn) 44.【答案】G

【解析】第一段先舉例，說你跟人講心事時(shí)，別人分心干別的。然后下一段“So”表明結(jié)論，人家跟跟你溝通，你要全心投入“wholeheartedly”。所以選G：Pay a unique complement專注 45.【答案】E

【解析】第一句話就提到了忘記只見過一面的人的名字“name”?！癝o”后面又提到回憶地點(diǎn)“places”和好惡的事情“things”等細(xì)節(jié)，所以選E：Name，places，things

【真題譯文】：

一個(gè)五年級(jí)的學(xué)生收到一份家庭作業(yè)：即從一系列職業(yè)中選擇自己未來的職業(yè)道路。他勾劃了“宇航員”，但很快由將“科學(xué)家”添加到列表中，并也將其選中。這個(gè)男孩相信，如果他讀得足夠多，他就可以探索盡可能多的他喜歡的職業(yè)道路。所以他讀書廣泛——從百科全書到科幻小說。他讀得如此投入，以至于他的父母不得不制定一個(gè)：在餐桌上的“不讀書政策”。

那個(gè)男孩就是比爾蓋茨，他沒有停止閱讀，甚至在他成為這個(gè)星球上最成功的人士之一后，仍舊沒有停下來?，F(xiàn)在，他的閱讀材料已經(jīng)不再是科幻小說和工具書了：最近據(jù)他所說，他一年內(nèi)至少讀了50本非科幻小說。比爾蓋茨選擇非科幻小說類書籍，是因?yàn)檫@類書籍解釋了世界是如何運(yùn)作的?！懊勘緯奸_辟了新的知識(shí)探索渠道?！鄙w茨說。

英語二大作文參考范文

The pie chart above evidently illustrates various target elements in terms of consumers’ choosing restaurants in a certain city in 2017.To be specific.distinguishing feature took a lion’s share, accounting for approximately 36.3%.While service and surroundings made up around 26.8% and 24.2% respectively.However, the least proportions were price and other factors, occupying roughly 8% and 4.7%.What triggers this phenomenon? Maybe at least two reasons can be identified to contribute to this matter.But the most important is that along with the development of economy, people’s living standards have been improved remarkably, as a consequence of which, an increasing amount of individuals focus on superior service and favorable surroundings when they choose restaurants rather than price.Simultaneously, there is another essential factor that after resolving the issue of food and clothing, quite a few consumers’ food conception has transfromed dramatically, to the extent that they increasingly pursue spiritual consumption, which should be also taken into account.Based on what has been discussed above: a conclusion can be drawn safely that more up-scale food services will be prevailing in modern food market.And it is predictable that those restuarants with favorable service: distinctive features and excelent circumstances will be beloved by more customers in some years ahead.However, it is advisable for the public to consume rationally, avoiding extravagance and waste.

第五篇：2018考研英語(一)真題答案及解析

2018年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語(一)試題答案詳解

本套真題答案由海文機(jī)構(gòu)提供目前僅供參考，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案在官方公布后會(huì)為您更新

Section I Use of English

1、【答案】[B] for

【解析】此處考察介詞的用法。it’s a necessary condition ____ many worthwhile things(信任是一個(gè)必要條件_____許多重要事情)此處應(yīng)該是說，信任對(duì)許多重要事情來說是一個(gè)必要條件。B選項(xiàng)for(對(duì)...來說)符合語義，故為正確答案;A選項(xiàng)from(來自于)，C選項(xiàng)like(像...)，D選項(xiàng)on(關(guān)于)語義不恰當(dāng)，故排除。

2、【答案】[C] faith

【解析】此處考察詞義辨析和中心一致性原則。第一段首句提出主題句：trust is a tricky business(信任是一個(gè)奇怪的東西)。后面進(jìn)一步對(duì)該主題句進(jìn)行解釋說明：On the one hand, it’s a necessary condition ___ for ___ many worthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc.(一方面，信任對(duì)許多重要事情來說是必要條件，比如照看孩子，友誼等)，這句話在說信任的好處。On the other hand, putting your ___ in the wrong place often carries a high ____.(另一方面，把...放在錯(cuò)誤的地方往往會(huì)帶來巨大...)，顯然這句話依舊在解釋主題詞“trust”，只有C選項(xiàng)faith(信任、忠誠)與trust屬于近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，故正確答案為[C] faith。

3、【答案】[B] price

【解析】此處考察詞義辨析。第一段首句提出主題句：trust is a tricky business(信任是一個(gè)奇怪的東西)。后面進(jìn)一步對(duì)該主題句進(jìn)行解釋說明：On the one hand, it’s a necessary condition __ for __ many worthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc.(一方面，信任對(duì)許多重要事情來說是必要條件，比如照看孩子，友誼等)，這句話在說信任的好處。On the other hand, putting your ___ in the wrong place often carries a high____.(另一方面，把...放在錯(cuò)誤的地方往往會(huì)帶來巨大...)，顯然這句話依舊在解釋主題詞“trust”，并且根據(jù)空格所在句中的關(guān)鍵詞“wrong place”，本句應(yīng)該在說信任不當(dāng)?shù)谋锥?，所以空格處?yīng)該填入一個(gè)負(fù)向感情色彩的詞，故A選項(xiàng)benefit和D選項(xiàng)hope排除，而C選項(xiàng)debt(債務(wù))帶入之后語義不當(dāng)，故正確答案為[B] price(代價(jià))。

4、【答案】[D] Then

【解析】此處考察邏輯關(guān)系。上段講述的是信任的好處和信任不當(dāng)?shù)谋锥恕５诙味问滋岢鰡栴}：“_____我們?yōu)槭裁匆湃巍?。只有D選項(xiàng)then(那么)填入后能形成順暢的語義和邏輯關(guān)系。故正確答案為D then(那么)。A選項(xiàng)again(再次)表示強(qiáng)調(diào);B選項(xiàng)instead(但是、然而)表示轉(zhuǎn)折;C選項(xiàng)therefore(因此)表示結(jié)果，不符合要求，故排除。

5、【答案】[A] When

【解析】此處考察邏輯關(guān)系?？崭袼诰浜x為：______人們信任一個(gè)人或一個(gè)組織機(jī)構(gòu)，他們的大腦會(huì)釋放催產(chǎn)素。只有A選項(xiàng)when(當(dāng)..時(shí)候)填入后符合邏輯要求，故正確答案為A選項(xiàng)when。其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)B選項(xiàng)unless(如果不)表?xiàng)l件，C選項(xiàng)although(盡管)表讓步，D選項(xiàng)until(直到...)表時(shí)間，帶入后均語義不通順，故排除。

6、【答案】[C] produce

【解析】此處考察動(dòng)賓搭配問題。上文指出：When people place their trust in an …their brains release oxytocin, a hormone.上文指出當(dāng)人們產(chǎn)生信任感，大腦就會(huì)產(chǎn)生一種荷爾蒙，后面是定語從句，句內(nèi)的動(dòng)賓搭配，可推知這個(gè)荷爾蒙能產(chǎn)生令人愉悅的情緒，并且與后面的trigger同義復(fù)現(xiàn)，因此C.produce 正確。

7、【答案】[A] connect

【解析】此處考察上下文信息照應(yīng)題。上文講到這種荷爾蒙能夠激發(fā)一種群居本能，the herding instinct that leads sheep to flock together for safety and promote …with one another，這種本能有兩個(gè)作用，并用and 連接，所以復(fù)現(xiàn)同義and 前面的flock together.因此選擇A.connect

8、【答案】[B] to

【解析】此處考察上下語境下的名詞介詞搭配問題。根據(jù)上文的結(jié)論，下文實(shí)驗(yàn)展開分析，Swiss scientists have found that exposure to this hormone puts us….所以研究中要求受試者要先處于這種環(huán)境中，所以名詞exposure to 構(gòu)成搭配語義關(guān)系，表示“接觸”的意思，因此選擇to。

9、【答案】[D] mood

【解析】此處考察上下文的信息對(duì)應(yīng)和句內(nèi)信息對(duì)應(yīng)。上文提到身體會(huì)產(chǎn)生荷爾蒙，會(huì)給你帶來一種愉悅的情

緒pleasurable feelings，這個(gè)上文結(jié)論。實(shí)驗(yàn)中exposure to this hormone puts us in a trusting …，因此，根據(jù)上下文，試驗(yàn)中，處于這種荷爾蒙環(huán)境中，會(huì)給人帶來情緒;語氣;心境。因此選擇 mood。

10、【答案】[A] counterparts

【解析】此處考察上下文的信息對(duì)應(yīng)和句內(nèi)信息對(duì)應(yīng)。上文指出，In a study, researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects ,可推知本句再講與另外一組受試者比較。故選擇A。counterparts.相對(duì)物，相對(duì)應(yīng)的人。

11、【答案】[C] Lucky

【解析】此處考察上下文的邏輯關(guān)系。因?yàn)檫@個(gè)句子當(dāng)中有個(gè)詞also，說明前文和后文情感是一致的關(guān)系。說我們有這兩種天賦，對(duì)大家來說都是好事，所以需要選擇一個(gè)正向的情感色彩。只能選擇lucky。A選項(xiàng)odd 奇怪的是，B選項(xiàng)funny 有趣的是，D選項(xiàng)ironic 諷刺的是，皆不符合文意。

12、【答案】[A] protect

【解析】此處考察上下文的成分搭配。因?yàn)檫@個(gè)句子當(dāng)中有個(gè)詞also，說明前文和后文情感是并列平行關(guān)系，前后情感應(yīng)該一致。所以此處只能選擇protect 保護(hù)我們，符合文意。B選項(xiàng)delight 使高興;C 選項(xiàng) surprise 使震驚;D選項(xiàng)monitor 監(jiān)控皆不符合文意。

13、【答案】[D] between

【解析】此處考察固定搭配。differentiate between A and B.介詞between表示在A和B之間 , 原文含義為：“4個(gè)月大的孩子可以區(qū)分出一個(gè)可信的人和一個(gè)不誠實(shí)的人”。

14、【答案】[C] introduced

【解析】此處考察成分搭配。原文表達(dá)： Sixty toddlers were each______ to an adult tester holding a plastic container.只有C選項(xiàng)be introduced to sth表示“初次認(rèn)識(shí)某事物”，符合文意。A 選項(xiàng)added 添加;B選項(xiàng)transferred轉(zhuǎn)移;D選項(xiàng) entrusted 委托，皆不符合文意。

15、【答案】[B] inside

【解析】此處考察介詞搭配及詞義復(fù)現(xiàn)。原文表達(dá)：“What’s in here?” before looking into the container…… Each subject was then invited to _________.只有選擇B選項(xiàng)inside 才能和前文所表達(dá)的in here和looking into一脈相承。

16、【答案】[D] discovered

【解析】此處考察詞義復(fù)現(xiàn)，屬于句子內(nèi)部的顯性線索。根據(jù)原文Half of them found a toy;the other half 16 the container was empty… 這是用分號(hào)并列的連個(gè)句子，都是在講試驗(yàn)的結(jié)果句型結(jié)構(gòu)基本一致，前半句再講一半的受測(cè)者在盒子里面找到了玩具，后半句肯定是再說另半會(huì)怎么樣，兩個(gè)小分句的結(jié)構(gòu)基本一致Half of them = the other half，found=16，a toy= the container was empty，所以16題填入的應(yīng)該是found的同義詞，發(fā)現(xiàn)的含義，故D為正確選項(xiàng)。

17、【答案】[A] fooled

【解析】此處句間邏輯關(guān)系，屬于句子內(nèi)部的顯性線索?！猘nd realized the tester had 17 them，此句位于破折號(hào)后面，是對(duì)前面意思的解釋說明。前面提到另一半人發(fā)現(xiàn)盒子是空的，并且意識(shí)到測(cè)試者對(duì)他們?cè)趺礃?，既然盒子是空的那么肯定認(rèn)識(shí)到測(cè)試者是在戲弄他們，所以作對(duì)此題必須要理解tester測(cè)試者是主語，賓語是them指的是受測(cè)者，主語的意思決定了謂語動(dòng)詞的含義為戲弄，故A fooled為正確選項(xiàng)。

18、【答案】[B] willing

【解析】 此處考察搭配關(guān)系，屬于句子內(nèi)部的顯性線索。Among the children who had not been tricked, the majority were 18 to cooperate with the tester in learning a new skill, demonstrating that they trusted his leadership.根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)我們可以看出逗號(hào)之前是一個(gè)介詞短語意為在所有沒有被戲弄過的孩子里面，大多數(shù)的孩子在習(xí)得一種新技能的時(shí)候與測(cè)試者的合作是怎么樣的，demonstrating that they trusted his leadership表明這些孩子信任他的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，所以既然信任他們就是愿意與其合作，故選擇B.willing，與were willing to 構(gòu)成固定搭配，意為愿意。

19、【答案】[D] In contrast

【解析】此處考察句間的邏輯關(guān)系。19, only five of the 30 children paired with the “20” tester participated in a follow-up activity.通過該句中的only僅僅，可以看出與上文的 the majority of 形成鮮明的對(duì)比，19題應(yīng)該填入的應(yīng)該是表示轉(zhuǎn)折，與上文形成對(duì)比的邏輯關(guān)系詞。分析四個(gè)選項(xiàng)A表示總結(jié)，B表示結(jié)果，C表示舉例子，只有D表示轉(zhuǎn)折，對(duì)比，故D為正確選項(xiàng)。

20、【答案】[C] unreliable

【解析】此處考察詞義辨析。19, only five of the 30 children paired with the “20” tester participated in a follow-up activity.該句含義為：在接下來的活動(dòng)中30個(gè)孩子中只有5個(gè)孩子與。。樣的測(cè)試者能合作，所以結(jié)合上文提到的大部分孩子信任測(cè)試者，但是5/30屬于一小部分，大部分對(duì)應(yīng)的是信任，那么小比例的對(duì)應(yīng)的是不信任，所以 tester的修飾詞應(yīng)該為C，unreliable不可靠的，不可信任的，故C為正確選項(xiàng)。

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Text 1

21、【答案】D Middle-class workers

【解析】根據(jù)題干中“threatned”和“automation”定位到第一段首句“the annoyi-ng challenge facing the middle class is one that...for their jobs”中的challenge和第二段的最后三句話，可以得知相對(duì)于低收入者和富人，中產(chǎn)階級(jí)受到的沖擊最大。

22、【答案】C Issues arising from automation need to be tackled

【解析】根據(jù)題干可定位到第三段中的首句“this isn’t to be alarmist”和末句“But...middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting”，but轉(zhuǎn)折句再一次強(qiáng)調(diào)了作者的觀點(diǎn)，即中產(chǎn)階級(jí)工人需要很多幫助來調(diào)整應(yīng)對(duì)問題。同時(shí)，末句中”may need a lot of help”同義替換成選項(xiàng)C中的“need to be tackled”，自動(dòng)化帶來的問題需要被解決，得出C答案。

23、【答案】A creative potential

【解析】根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞可定位到第四段第二句“Curriculums—from grammar school to college—should evolve to focus less on memorizing facts and more on creativity and complex communication”。由該句可知，課程應(yīng)該更關(guān)注創(chuàng)造性和復(fù)雜的溝通而非記憶事實(shí)。所以，應(yīng)該選C選項(xiàng)creative potential(創(chuàng)造潛能)，同義替換為creativity。

24、【答案】D preventing the income gap from widening

【解析】該題考查作者的觀點(diǎn)，根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞可定位到第六段第一句“Finally, because automation threatens to widen the gap between capital income and labor income, taxes and the safety net will have to be rethought”。由該句可知，由于自動(dòng)化加大了資本收入和勞動(dòng)力收入的差距，所以應(yīng)該重新考慮稅收和安全網(wǎng)(保障措施)，即稅收政策應(yīng)該避免收入差距擴(kuò)大，選D選項(xiàng)preventing the income gap from widening。

25、【答案】B possible solutions to it

【解析】作者在文章第一、二段提出問題“中產(chǎn)階級(jí)受自動(dòng)化危害最大”之后，第三段的末尾句提出中產(chǎn)階級(jí)需要幫助去適應(yīng)自動(dòng)化的發(fā)展，接下來第四段至第六段介紹解決方法，最后一段表明作者觀點(diǎn)。所以應(yīng)該選B 選項(xiàng)possible solutions to it(解決問題的相應(yīng)方法)。

Text 2

26、【答案】[D] social media as a reliable source of news

【解析】雙段推理題。根據(jù)題目定位到第1段和第2段，雙段推理優(yōu)先考慮雙段主旨。第一段中心句為最后一句話：Millennials prefer news from the White House to be filtered through other sources, not a president’s social media platform?！扒ъ淮矚g白宮直接發(fā)布的消息…而不是總統(tǒng)社交媒體發(fā)布的信息”，說明他們不太信任社交媒體。第2段中心為第二句轉(zhuǎn)折之后，說明對(duì)于社交媒體的不信任上升。故雙段中心都和他們不信任社交媒體相關(guān)。結(jié)合以上信息，得出社交媒體信息不可靠，選擇D。

27、【答案】[A] sharpen

【解析】詞匯釋義題。根據(jù)題目定位到第2段第2句：Yet as distrust has risen toward all media,people may be starting to beef up their media literacy skills。句子的情感色彩判斷，因?yàn)槎禾?hào)前提到“人們對(duì)于所有媒體的不信任增加”，可以推知人們應(yīng)該開始增強(qiáng)其媒體素養(yǎng)的技能，故選A。

28.【答案】B verify news by referring to diverse sources.【解析】范例證明題。根據(jù)題干定位至第三段第二句話。因?yàn)槟稠?xiàng)研究一般是論據(jù)證明前面的論點(diǎn)，故答案應(yīng)該位于第一句話“Young people who are digital natives are indeed becoming more skillful at seperating fact from fiction in cyberspace.” 說明答案應(yīng)該“和年輕人更容易把網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的事實(shí)和虛假信息區(qū)分開來”，故答案為B“驗(yàn)證新聞的真?zhèn)巍?。為了精確可以在論據(jù)中去驗(yàn)證，論據(jù)中提到“verify stories”, “cross check sources”和“prefer news from different

perspectives”，都是和多重角度驗(yàn)證信息真?zhèn)蜗嚓P(guān)的。

29.【答案】C readers’ misinterpretation

【解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位至第五段第三句found之后a main reason對(duì)應(yīng)the top reason，而原文剩余信息為“reader error”, 所以應(yīng)該和讀者相關(guān)。Error應(yīng)該對(duì)應(yīng)misinterpretation, 故答案為C readers’ misinterpretation。若本句不清晰，下句進(jìn)一步說明答案的內(nèi)容，文中misintepretation or exerggeration of actual news進(jìn)一步印證C為正確答案。

30.【答案】A A Rise in Critical Skills for Sharing News Online

【解析】全文主旨題。本篇文章屬于篇首轉(zhuǎn)折，二段轉(zhuǎn)折之后為全文主旨，yet之后說道：“Yet as distrust has risen toward all media, people may be strarting to beef up their media literacy skills”.“隨著對(duì)于所有媒體不信任的上升，人們開始增強(qiáng)其媒體素養(yǎng)的技能”，故答案為A。為了驗(yàn)證，可以看篇末，篇末重申主題，so之后講道“so when young people are critical of an over-tweeting president, they reaveal a mental discipline in thinking skills-and in their choices on when to share on social media.” 更進(jìn)一步說明和人們批判性看待社交媒體上的新聞相關(guān)。

Text 3

31、【答案】[B] It failed to pay due attention to patients’ rights.【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的NHS, DeepMind和agreement回文定位第一段第四句“It is against that background that the information commissioner, has issued her damning verdict against the Royal Free hospital trust under the NHS, which handed over to DeepMind the records of 1.6 million patients in 2015 on the basis of a vague agreement which took far too little account of the patients’ rights and their expectations of privacy”。根據(jù)a vague agreement which took far too little account of the patients’ rights and their expectations of privacy這一部分的語義信息，說明NHS與DeepMind之間的協(xié)議沒有充分考慮到病人的權(quán)利與隱私。這句話的言外之意就是協(xié)議未能充分關(guān)注病人的權(quán)利。故確定答案為選項(xiàng)B，其中failed to是took far too little account的同義改寫。

32、【答案】[C] necessary adjustments.【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的NHS trust, 以及Denham’s verdict回文定位第二段第二句“The NHS trust has mended its ways.” 根據(jù)第二句的語義信息，NHS trust針對(duì)Denham’s verdict已經(jīng)調(diào)整了其與DeepMind的協(xié)議內(nèi)容，故通過同義替換，可確定正確答案為C。

33、【答案】[D] the value of data comes from the processing of it.【解析】推理題。根據(jù)題干，此題定位在第二段最后一句but之后的轉(zhuǎn)折句?！癇ut this distinction misses the point that it is processing and aggregation, not the mere possession of bits, that gives data value”.這種區(qū)分忽視了一個(gè)點(diǎn)：是處理和收集賦予數(shù)據(jù)意義，而不是擁有數(shù)據(jù)。選項(xiàng)中的 “processing”和原文中的“processing”原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。選項(xiàng)中的“the value of data”對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的“data value”。因此，D項(xiàng)為正確答案。

34、【答案】[D] the monopoly of big data by tech giants.【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干此題定位在文中最后一段的第四句?！癢hat matters is that they will belong to a private monopoly which developed them using public resources.”重要的是這些進(jìn)步屬于一個(gè)私人壟斷企業(yè)，而私人壟斷企來使用公共資源進(jìn)行研發(fā)。而這正真正的擔(dān)憂所在。因此，選項(xiàng)D為正確答案, the monopoly of big data by tech giants對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的a private monopoly。

35、【答案】[B] cautious

【解析】態(tài)度題。本題考查作者對(duì)本文主題“將人工智能應(yīng)用于醫(yī)療健康”的態(tài)度。根據(jù)順序性原則定位在最后一段。該段倒數(shù)第三句話指出“我們目前依然處于這一改革的前期，并且任何小的選擇都會(huì)對(duì)未來產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)的影響”，其中“still”一詞，以及“small”(小)和“gigantic”(巨大的)對(duì)比，都體現(xiàn)出了作者對(duì)待整個(gè)事件是小心謹(jǐn)慎的態(tài)度，因此[B] cautious為正確答案。

Text 4

36、【答案】[B] its rigid management

【解析】根據(jù)題干判斷本題考查因果細(xì)節(jié)。第一段的前三句都是有關(guān)USPS的具體數(shù)字，屬于細(xì)節(jié)信息。第四句出現(xiàn)many reasons很多原因。緊接著下面就有fundamentally根本原因是，所以定位在第一段的最后一句。然后分析這個(gè)長難句，USPS 處在squeeze between 1 and 2,中，1是technological change, 2是structure.2的structure后定語從句：denies management flexibility 對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)B: rigid management。

【干擾項(xiàng)分析】：選項(xiàng)A，budget文中未有涉及。選項(xiàng)C，雖然有提到technological ,原文technological change 后的定語從句說的是：技術(shù)改革降低需求，并沒有提到cost成本問題。選項(xiàng)D，the withdrawal of bank support 銀行支持撤銷了，原文并沒有提及銀行支持，直接排除。

37、【答案】[A] the interference from interest groups

【解析】 根據(jù)題干due to，判斷本題考查因果細(xì)節(jié)。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞：USPS fails to modernize 定位到原文第二段最后一句，在這句前l(fā)eaving，留下，導(dǎo)致這個(gè)結(jié)果，往前找原因，前一句提到reform legislation, 而且這句前還有this is why，只要找到代詞this指代就可以判斷選項(xiàng)。代詞往前推，根據(jù)這句主干interest groups exerts pressure on Congress選擇選項(xiàng)A，interference 對(duì)應(yīng) exert pressure on。

【干擾項(xiàng)分析】選項(xiàng)B，the inadequate funding from Congress,原文雖然有提到Congress國會(huì)，the aspect of status quo get protected, 國會(huì)保護(hù)USPS，并沒有提及inadequate funding基金不足。選項(xiàng)C，the shrinking demand for postal service 郵政需求縮減，文中沒有提及。選項(xiàng)D, the incompetence of postal unions 郵政工會(huì)的不作為。文章有提到工會(huì)，但是只提他們是屬于Interest groups,并沒有提到無作為。

38、【答案】[A] removing its burden of retiree health care

【解析】 因果細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)38題題干The long-standing complaint by the....回文定位到第3段，最后一句：“ The latter step would largely offset the financial burden of annually pre-funding retiree health care, thus....”.再根據(jù)題干中“ can be addressed by” 即：通過哪種方式解決，此處為解題要點(diǎn)，通過哪種方式來解決，前后明顯為結(jié)果與途徑的關(guān)系，即可理解為因果關(guān)系。文章此句后半句正是題干，thus前半句為答案The latter step would largely offset the financial burden of annually pre-funding retiree health care。與 A.B.C.D 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)匹配后，正確答案為 A removing its burden of retiree health care。

39、【答案】[C] discontent

【解析】根據(jù)題干可以判斷本題為觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題?；匚亩ㄎ坏阶詈笠欢?。題干“the author seems to view legislators with”, 具體定位到最后一段倒數(shù)第2句：“ The emerging.....is a sign that legislators are getting frightened.......” 再根據(jù)題干，問作者最終態(tài)度，本段最后一句，轉(zhuǎn)折句是作者最終的態(tài)度：“ It is not, however, a sign that they’re getting serious about....” , 即作者認(rèn)為他們并沒有認(rèn)真對(duì)待。所以此處作者態(tài)度為否定。匹配A B C D 四個(gè)選項(xiàng) 只有C discontent(不滿)為負(fù)向信息，所以為正確答案。

40、【答案】[D] The Postal Service Needs more than a Band-Aid

【解析】根據(jù)題干特征詞“best title”，這是一道主旨題。根據(jù)前四道題問的主題，第一道題和第二道題是USPS出現(xiàn)了問題，并分析原因，第三道題給出解決方法，第四道題提到作者對(duì)于這個(gè)方法的態(tài)度，即提出問題—分析問題—解決問題，并在最后給出作者對(duì)這個(gè)解決方案的評(píng)價(jià)。根據(jù)這個(gè)文章框架，首先A選項(xiàng)“USPS開始錯(cuò)過了它的好時(shí)光”，這只是提出問題，相對(duì)片面;B選項(xiàng)“USPS：不要?jiǎng)游业哪汤摇? 這是拒絕解決問題的態(tài)度，不符合文章的寫作思路;C選項(xiàng)“USPS：慢性病需要快方法”，這個(gè)chronic和quick都沒有在文中提到;D選項(xiàng)“USPS需要的不僅僅是權(quán)宜之計(jì)”，這說的其實(shí)作者對(duì)于解決方案的評(píng)價(jià)，在文章最后一段。這段最后結(jié)尾有But，有however，“it[指代前文講的方法] is not a sign……”，對(duì)此作者表示否定態(tài)度。所以D選項(xiàng)為正確答案。Part B

41、【答案】 [E] The Eisenhower Executive Office Building(EEOB)commands a…

【解析】 E段首先介紹EEOB的全稱，對(duì)全文進(jìn)行概述提出話題，可選為41題答案。同時(shí)，從給定選項(xiàng)C第一句提到the State, War，and Navy Building…，the在此特指，可以作為另一一個(gè)線索，在E選項(xiàng)中最后一句，復(fù)現(xiàn)了the State, War，and Navy Building...。故41題答案選E。

42、【答案】[G] The history of the EEOB began long before its…

【解析】C選項(xiàng)最后一句談到了many historic events(建筑內(nèi)呈現(xiàn)了歷史事件)，而G選項(xiàng)第一句提到了the history of the EEOB…(EEOB的歷史...)，意思一致，承上啟下，故42題答案選G。

43、【答案】[A] In December of 1869, Congress appointed…

【解析】確定G后，根據(jù)G選項(xiàng)最后一句，...the demolition of the State Department Building(談到拆除the State Department Building), 而A選項(xiàng)中談到了select a site and prepare plans and cost estimates for a new State Department，建立一個(gè)新的State Department Building，前后意思順接，故43題答案選A。

44、【答案】[B] Completed in 1875, the State Department’s south wing…

【解析】 根據(jù)給定的F段，首句是段落大意，該句提到了...as the building slowly rose wing by wing(該建筑逐翼展開).而B選項(xiàng)第一句談到了...south wing was the first to be occupied(首先坐落在南翼)，然后在B選項(xiàng)最后一句又談到...moved into the east wing(之后又移至東翼).先在F段總起，再在B段中分說，前后對(duì)應(yīng)，故44題答案選B.45、【答案】[D] Many of the most celebrated national figures…

【解析】 B段結(jié)尾處談到了where elaborate wall…decorated the office of the Secretary(這些精美的墻....裝飾了秘書處的辦公室)，而D段第一句提到了...that have taken place within the EEOB’s granite walls(歷史事件在這些EEOB的墻上呈現(xiàn)), the wall原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，兩句話意思一致，故45題答案選D。

Section III Translation

(46)By the date of his birth Europe was witnessing the passing of the religious drama, and the creation of new forms under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy.【題目考點(diǎn)】代詞還原;并列結(jié)構(gòu)

【句子結(jié)構(gòu)】and并列兩個(gè)句子，主干分別為：…Europe was witnessing the passing … and the creation of …;of the religious drama為定語修飾the passing;under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy為狀語

【重點(diǎn)詞匯】witness 見證 religious宗教的 drama戲劇 incentive刺激

【參考譯文】莎士比亞出生之時(shí)，歐洲宗教戲劇正在消逝，在古典悲劇和戲劇的推動(dòng)下，很多新的戲劇形式應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。

(47)no boy who went to a grammar school could be ignorant that the drama was a form of literature which gave glory to Greece and Rome and might yet bring honor to England.【題目考點(diǎn)】定語從句;賓語從句;并列結(jié)構(gòu)

【句子結(jié)構(gòu)】主句主干：no boy… could be ignorant that…。who引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾boy，that引導(dǎo)為形容詞ignorant的賓語從句，which引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾a form of literature，gave…and might bring honor…為先行詞a form of literature的并列謂語結(jié)構(gòu)。

【重點(diǎn)詞匯】grammar school 文法學(xué)校 ignorant忽視 literature文學(xué) glory 榮耀

【參考譯文】任何文法學(xué)校的學(xué)生都知道戲劇是一種文學(xué)形式，它曾給希臘和羅馬帶來榮耀，也許同樣會(huì)給英格蘭帶來殊榮。

(48)But the professional companies prospered in their permanent theaters, and university men with literary ambitions were quick to turn to these theaters as offering a means of livelihood.【題目考點(diǎn)】并列句

【句子結(jié)構(gòu)】并列句主干分別為：…companies prospered … and university men …were quick to…

【重點(diǎn)詞匯】professional 專業(yè)的 prosper繁榮 permanent theater永久性劇院

【參考譯文】但是專業(yè)公司的永久性劇院卻興旺起來，于是高校一些有著文學(xué)抱負(fù)的人迅速抓住機(jī)遇，將其作為一個(gè)謀生手段。

(49)A native literary drama had been created, its alliance with the public playhouses established, and at least some of its great traditions had been begun.【題目考點(diǎn)】伴隨狀語，并列結(jié)構(gòu)，被動(dòng)語態(tài)

【句子結(jié)構(gòu)】本句是一個(gè)由and連接的并列句。and前的句子主干為一個(gè)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的簡(jiǎn)單句：a … drama had been created, with引導(dǎo)一個(gè)伴隨狀語;and后的句子也為一個(gè)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的簡(jiǎn)單句：some of its great traditions had been begun。

【重點(diǎn)詞匯】alliance作為名詞意為“聯(lián)盟，聯(lián)合;聯(lián)姻”，常與介詞with進(jìn)行搭配使用。establish作為動(dòng)詞意為“建立，創(chuàng)辦”，也可引申為“誕生”。at least為固定搭配，表示“至少”。tradition作為名詞表示“傳統(tǒng)，慣例”。

【參考譯文】一種本土文學(xué)戲劇形式誕生了，它與公共劇院結(jié)成聯(lián)盟，至少它的一些優(yōu)良傳統(tǒng)開始登上歷史舞臺(tái)了。

(50)To realize how great was the dramatic activity, we must remember further that hosts of plays have been lost, and that probably there is no author of note whose entire work has survived.【題目考點(diǎn)】非謂語，賓語從句，定語從句

【句子結(jié)構(gòu)】本句結(jié)構(gòu)較為復(fù)雜，主句部分為“we must remember…”，主句之前的非謂語to realize作為目的狀語，后接了一個(gè)how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。主句中，兩個(gè)that分別引導(dǎo)了兩個(gè)remember的賓語從句，其中第二個(gè)賓語

從句中，有一個(gè)whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾author of note。

【重點(diǎn)詞匯】realize作為動(dòng)詞表示“實(shí)現(xiàn)，了解，認(rèn)識(shí)到”。dramatic為drama的形容詞形式，意思為“戲劇的，引人注目的，激動(dòng)人心的”。survive作為動(dòng)詞表示“幸存，活下來;比…活得長”。hosts of表示“大量的”。

【參考譯文】為了了解戲劇性活動(dòng)有多么偉大，我們必須牢記大量的戲劇已經(jīng)被遺忘了，并且有可能沒有一位知名作家的所有作品都保留了下來。

Section IV Writing

51.【參考范文】

Dear professors，I, on behalf of the Students’ Union, am writing this letter to invite all of you to attend the graduation ceremony.The ceremony will be held in the Sports Hall of our university on this Friday morning, from 9 a.m.to 11 a.m.The details about the ceremony are as follows.First and foremost, the president will make a speech for the graduates, blessing them to have a bright future.In addition, several experts will be invited to issuing certificates to all the graduates.It would be a great honor for us to have the accompany of all of you in the graduation ceremony.Therefore, we all hope that you can spare your time to attend it and we are looking forward to your reply to tell us whether you can attend it or not on that day.Your sincerely，Li Ming

52.【參考范文】

Exhibited in the cartoon is a sarcastic scene that sitting before a computer, a college student is choosing his optional class, wondering and pondering whether he should choose an easier course or a tougher but creative course.Simple as the picture is, the symbolic meaning it conveys is profound and thought-provoking.It is beyond doubt that the painter aims to tell us that everyone, especially college students, should have the spirit of creation and innovation.To put it another way, innovation is an essential and indispensable role for anyone who wants to succeed.This can be directly attributed to the fact that one may be caught in dilemma, at least once in life.Such a dilemma may coincidentally be most difficult period in his life.Then there are two choices before him: making a creative choice or an easier one.If he chooses the former and tries to break through the barrier, difficult as it will be, success will be the result one day.However, although it seems to be much easier for him at the moment, the latter choice may kill off his dream and ambition, and such choice then will be a pity all his life.As college student, definitely, we are facing or will face many difficulties.At such moment, we should bear in mind that creation is a necessary and indispensable quality in our life, a positive attitude to life and an approach to success.Keep the spirit of innovation, and we will win a better life.