第一篇：中考英語(yǔ)名詞考點(diǎn)集匯、講解和訓(xùn)練

中考英語(yǔ)書(shū)面表達(dá)的考點(diǎn)集匯、講解和訓(xùn)練

【考點(diǎn)掃描】

書(shū)面表達(dá)是每年中考必考題型，是考查學(xué)生交際能力的一個(gè)重要組成部分。書(shū)面表達(dá)通常有三種形式：

1、書(shū)信、日記、通知、留言、假條；

2、看圖作文；

3、根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示作文。

無(wú)論是那一種書(shū)面表達(dá)形式，考生所寫(xiě)的短文都要緊扣主題、文理通順，要素完整，語(yǔ)言準(zhǔn)確、得當(dāng)、格式正確、無(wú)大、小寫(xiě)和拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤，標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)正確，能達(dá)到交際目的?！久麕熃怆y】 一.訓(xùn)練方法

1.記。認(rèn)真系統(tǒng)復(fù)習(xí)和背誦基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)和優(yōu)美的句子、句型。中國(guó)有句古話(huà)，叫“熟讀唐詩(shī)三百首，不會(huì)吟詩(shī)也會(huì)作”。同樣，要使自己具有較強(qiáng)的寫(xiě)作能力，首先應(yīng)該熟讀和背誦一些句型和短文。許多同學(xué)寫(xiě)出來(lái)的語(yǔ)言根本不符合英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)言習(xí)慣，相當(dāng)一部分人有對(duì)照中文逐字翻譯的不良習(xí)慣，不去理會(huì)中英文的差異。大量的背誦和閱讀是提高寫(xiě)作能力的有效辦法，同學(xué)們?nèi)粲写罅康默F(xiàn)成語(yǔ)言積累在腦海里，自己寫(xiě)起文段來(lái)，就可以做到脫口而出，或是模仿、套用，甚至發(fā)揮。

2.練。每練一篇書(shū)面表達(dá)題，都要真正學(xué)到一點(diǎn)東西，不可貪多而邊學(xué)邊忘。平時(shí)可以采用循序漸進(jìn)、靈活多樣的練習(xí)方式。從根據(jù)提示詞寫(xiě)單句開(kāi)始，到寫(xiě)單句，然后到寫(xiě)幾句話(huà)，最后到寫(xiě)流利的文段。盡量嘗試多種形式的寫(xiě)作，如短信、說(shuō)明、通知、便條、明信片、看圖寫(xiě)作、根據(jù)表格或記錄寫(xiě)短文等。

3.寫(xiě)。要進(jìn)行實(shí)戰(zhàn)寫(xiě)作。要求自己在20分鐘內(nèi)寫(xiě)出100個(gè)詞的短文，并且質(zhì)量高、內(nèi)容全、形式正確。這樣形成習(xí)慣，考試時(shí)就能得心應(yīng)手。二.應(yīng)試策略

1.審題目：要切中題意?！吨锌伎荚囌f(shuō)明》指出，書(shū)面表達(dá)要切中題意。怎樣才能切中題意？就是要認(rèn)真審題，看到考題后，先不要急于動(dòng)筆，要仔細(xì)看清題目要求的內(nèi)容。在自己的頭腦中構(gòu)思出一個(gè)框架或畫(huà)面，確定短文的中心思想，不要匆匆下筆，看懂題意，根據(jù)圖畫(huà)、圖表、提綱或短文提供的資料和信息來(lái)審題。審題要審格式、體裁、人物關(guān)系、故事情節(jié)、主體時(shí)態(tài)、活動(dòng)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)等。

2.圈要點(diǎn)：防止遺漏要點(diǎn)。要點(diǎn)是給分的一個(gè)重要因素。為了防止寫(xiě)作過(guò)程中遺漏要點(diǎn)，同學(xué)們要充分發(fā)揮自己的觀察力，把情景中給出的各個(gè)要點(diǎn)逐條列出。

3.列提綱：為寫(xiě)作做好準(zhǔn)備。根據(jù)文章要點(diǎn)短文的中心思想將主要句型、關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)記下，形成提綱。

4.定基調(diào)：定出時(shí)態(tài)、人稱(chēng)、順序、開(kāi)頭、結(jié)尾。5.寫(xiě)全文：寫(xiě)短文時(shí)要做到以下六個(gè)方面：

(1)避免使用漢語(yǔ)式英語(yǔ)，盡量使用自己熟悉的句型。幾種句型可交替使用，以避免重復(fù)和呆板。(2)多用簡(jiǎn)單句型，記事、寫(xiě)人一般都不需要復(fù)雜的句型?？蛇m當(dāng)多使用陳述句、一般疑問(wèn)句、祈使句和感嘆句。不用或少用非謂語(yǔ)或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞等較復(fù)雜的句型。(3)注意語(yǔ)法、句法知識(shí)的靈活運(yùn)用。1）語(yǔ)態(tài)、時(shí)態(tài)要準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤。

2）主謂語(yǔ)要一致，主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)要和謂語(yǔ)一致。3）注意人稱(chēng)代詞的賓格形式。

4）注意冠詞用法，例如： He is an honest student.中的an不能寫(xiě)成a。

5）注意拼寫(xiě)、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)和大小寫(xiě)，例如：receive, believe, fourteen, forty, ninth, restaurant等。

(4)描寫(xiě)人物時(shí)，要生動(dòng)具體，例如：

1）外表特征：tall, short, fat, thin, strong, weak, ordinary-looking 等。2）服飾顏色：red, yellow, blue, white, green, brown, black 等。3）內(nèi)心境界：glad, happy, sad, excited, anxious, interested 等。4）感情描寫(xiě)：love, like, hate, feel, laugh, cry, smile, shout 等。5）動(dòng)作描寫(xiě)：come, go, get, have, take, bring, fetch 等。

(5)上下文要連貫。上下文的連貫性也是評(píng)分的一條原則，因此同學(xué)們應(yīng)把寫(xiě)好的句子，根據(jù)故事情節(jié)，事情發(fā)生的先后次序（時(shí)間或空間），使用一些表示并列、遞進(jìn)等過(guò)渡詞進(jìn)行加工整理，使文章連貫、自然、流暢。同學(xué)們應(yīng)注意下面過(guò)渡的用法：

1）表示并列關(guān)系的：and, as well as, or… 2）表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的：but, yet, however… 3）表示時(shí)間關(guān)系的：when, while, after, before, then, after that… 4）表示因果關(guān)系的：so, therefore ,as a result… 5）表示目的的：in order to, in order that , so as to, so that… 6）表示列舉的：for example , such as… 7）表示總結(jié)性的：in general, in all, in a word, generally speaking…

(6)不會(huì)表達(dá)，另辟蹊徑。中考作文給分是以要點(diǎn)和語(yǔ)言準(zhǔn)確度而定，不以文采打分。造句越簡(jiǎn)單準(zhǔn)確越好，造復(fù)合句容易出錯(cuò)，容易被扣分，閱卷場(chǎng)上有句話(huà)：“錯(cuò)誤面前人人平等，文采好不加分”。如遇到個(gè)別要點(diǎn)表達(dá)不出來(lái)或難以表達(dá)，可采用變通的辦法，化難為易，化繁為簡(jiǎn)?？傊?，所造句子要正確、得體、符合英語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣。

(6)改病句：認(rèn)真檢查，改正錯(cuò)誤。中考作文時(shí)，由于時(shí)間緊、內(nèi)容多，同學(xué)們出錯(cuò)在所難免。因此，改錯(cuò)這一環(huán)節(jié)必不可少。中考作文評(píng)卷是根據(jù)要點(diǎn)、語(yǔ)言準(zhǔn)確性、上下文的連貫性來(lái)給分，根據(jù)錯(cuò)誤多少來(lái)扣分。因此，中考時(shí)花幾分鐘時(shí)間用來(lái)檢查錯(cuò)誤顯得尤為重要。檢查錯(cuò)誤應(yīng)從以下幾個(gè)方面入手： 1）格式是否有錯(cuò)。2）拼寫(xiě)有無(wú)錯(cuò)誤。3）語(yǔ)言是否用錯(cuò)。4）時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤。5）標(biāo)點(diǎn)錯(cuò)誤。6）人稱(chēng)是否用錯(cuò)。三.注意事項(xiàng)

書(shū)面表達(dá)要特別注意書(shū)寫(xiě)工整，卷面整潔。每年閱卷老師在十來(lái)天的時(shí)間里要看十幾萬(wàn)考生的作文，工作量之大，時(shí)間之緊，可想而知。書(shū)寫(xiě)是否工整，卷面是否整潔與得分高低直接有關(guān)。

【中考范例】

VII.書(shū)面表達(dá)（共1題，計(jì)10分）

假如你叫張強(qiáng)。請(qǐng)根據(jù)下面美國(guó)朋友Bob的來(lái)信內(nèi)容，結(jié)合你自己的情況寫(xiě)一篇語(yǔ)言連慣、符合邏輯的英文回信。

要求：1.認(rèn)真閱讀來(lái)信的內(nèi)容，從中獲得你需要的信息。 2.詞數(shù)：80左右?；匦诺拈_(kāi)頭、結(jié)尾已給出，但不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。注意：回信中不得出現(xiàn)你的真實(shí)地址和所在學(xué)校的名稱(chēng)。 Dear friend,

Hello！I’m your new friend.My name is Bob.I’m fifteen.I’m American.I live in New York.

I am a middle school student.I’m good at maths.It is very interesting.My favourite sport is basketball.And I am not only a basketball fan but also a good player.I like pop music.My friends and I often sing pop songs together.

After school, I am interested in getting on-line.I have known a lot about China from the Internet.Now I’m learning Chinese.I hope I will visit your country one day. Please write to me and tell me something about your life.I’m looking forward to hearing from you. Yours,

Bob Dear Bob, _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ Yours，Zhang Qiang 【解析】根據(jù)前面提到第六個(gè)步驟，我們來(lái)寫(xiě)一下這篇書(shū)面表達(dá)。

1.審題目：通過(guò)審題目我們可以知道：本篇書(shū)面表達(dá)應(yīng)是寫(xiě)一封回信，寫(xiě)信人是張強(qiáng)，收信人是Bob，信的內(nèi)容應(yīng)是介紹張強(qiáng)自己的情況。

2.圈要點(diǎn)：根據(jù)來(lái)信判斷，寫(xiě)回信必須包括以下要點(diǎn)：

1、收到對(duì)方的來(lái)信；

2、愿意和對(duì)方交朋友；

3、自己的姓名、年齡和住址；

4、自己的身份、特長(zhǎng)和愛(ài)好；

5、自己的希望。

3、列提綱：1.got your letter 2.glad to be your friend 3.name, zhang Qiang, fifteen, live in Shanxi 4.a middle school student, like English, like sports, good at drawing, 5.hope we’ll meet in China

4、定基調(diào)：1.時(shí)態(tài)：收到來(lái)信用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，介紹情況用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，希望用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。2.人稱(chēng)用第一人稱(chēng)。3.可按提綱的順序來(lái)寫(xiě)。4.開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾題目已經(jīng)給出。

5、寫(xiě)全文： Dear Bob, I got your letter yesterday.I’m very glad to be your pen friend.My name is Zhang Qiang.I’m fifteen years old, too.I live in Shaanxi.I’m a middle school student, too.I like English and physics very much.I also like sports, but I’m good at drawing.I know a little about America.Could you tell me something more about your country in your next letter? I hope we’ll meet in China some day.I’m sure we’ll have a good time together.Please write(to)me soon.Yours, Zhang Qiang

6、改病句：認(rèn)真復(fù)查一邊，如有錯(cuò)誤，加以改正?！緷M(mǎn)分演練】

（1）

華山是中國(guó)名山之一。假設(shè)外國(guó)友人到你校參觀后，準(zhǔn)備去旅游。請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下要點(diǎn)向外國(guó)友人簡(jiǎn)單介紹華山（the Hua Mountain）

1．位于陜西東部，是中國(guó)著名的旅游勝地，每年有大批中外游客前去旅游觀光。2．乘汽車(chē)去大約要花1個(gè)小時(shí)；也可以乘火車(chē)去。

3．登山便可領(lǐng)略其云海（the sea of clouds）、奇松（wondrous pines）、怪石（unique rocks）等秀麗的風(fēng)景及清晨美麗的日出。注意：

1．字?jǐn)?shù)：80詞左右。2．請(qǐng)不要逐字翻譯。

（2）根據(jù)提示和要求完成下面短文

假如你（Li Lei）在去年夏令營(yíng)認(rèn)識(shí)的一個(gè)朋友Jim從英國(guó)給你寄來(lái)一件禮物—— 一件紅色的襯衫，并附有一封信。在信中他向你問(wèn)好，他想知道你近來(lái)在忙些什么。請(qǐng)你給他寫(xiě)一封回信（100個(gè)詞左右）表示感謝?；匦乓ㄒ韵聝?nèi)容： 1.向Jim問(wèn)好并對(duì)他表示感謝。

2.禮物是你最喜歡的顏色，尺寸很合適，你非常喜歡。

3.告訴Jim你近來(lái)很好，上周剛過(guò)完生日，生日聚會(huì)很熱鬧。詢(xún)問(wèn)Jim的近況，并表示希望他能來(lái)中國(guó)。

注意1.信的格式已經(jīng)給出。

2.信中不得使用真實(shí)的人名、地名。

（3）

根據(jù)中文意思和英文提示詞語(yǔ)，寫(xiě)出意思連貫、符合邏輯的英文文段。所給英文提示詞語(yǔ)必須都用上，中文提示內(nèi)容不必逐句翻譯，每組英文提示所寫(xiě)出的句數(shù)不限。

今天是6月23日星期日，天氣晴朗。你和你的同學(xué)張宏參觀了西安市動(dòng)物園。那里的動(dòng)物十分有趣，人見(jiàn)人愛(ài)。當(dāng)你看到有位游客在向猴子投喂食物時(shí)，就上前阻止并說(shuō)…… 請(qǐng)你用英文寫(xiě)一篇日記，記述今天的經(jīng)歷。（請(qǐng)注意日記格式）1．fine day, sun, bright 2．visit, Beijing Zoo 3．a(chǎn)nimal, so interesting, people, love 4．see, visitor, throw…to, stop, say（4）

根據(jù)中文設(shè)置的情景、英文提示詞語(yǔ)以及表格所提供的信息，寫(xiě)出語(yǔ)法正確、意思連貫、符合邏輯的英文文段。注意1.字?jǐn)?shù)60~80。

2.所給的英文提示詞語(yǔ)及表格所提供的信息必須都用上。（可適當(dāng)發(fā)揮）3.發(fā)言稿的開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾已給出。

假設(shè)你是張斌，今年暑假你將參加學(xué)校組織的赴加拿大“綠色之旅”夏令營(yíng)活動(dòng)。請(qǐng)你準(zhǔn)備一篇在開(kāi)營(yíng)式上的自我介紹發(fā)言稿。

name, Zhang Bin, fifteen years old, live in Xi’an, favorite subject, biology…

Dear friends I’m very glad to introduce myself to you._______________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

That’s all.Thank you for listening.（5）

根據(jù)中文提示和英文提示詞語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一篇短文。

今年暑假，有一批美國(guó)中學(xué)生要來(lái)你們學(xué)校訪(fǎng)問(wèn)。請(qǐng)你寫(xiě)一篇有關(guān)西安的簡(jiǎn)介，以便和他們交流。

注意：1.字?jǐn)?shù)100左右；

2.必須使用所給英文提示。Capital of Shaanxi, Lie in the Northwest, many places of interest, autumn, best season（6）看圖寫(xiě)話(huà)。

 根據(jù)以上四幅圖和提示詞語(yǔ)，寫(xiě)出一篇語(yǔ)法正確、意思連貫、語(yǔ)句通順、符合邏輯的短文，開(kāi)頭已給出。

要求：1.敘述要用第三人稱(chēng)。 2.詞數(shù)60~80個(gè)左右。 3.要表達(dá)自己的看法或想法。

4.選用下列詞語(yǔ)：rush hour, cross, make sure, come over, traffic rules Last Monday, Tim got up at 7:40 in the morning.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________（7）

請(qǐng)你參考圖文提示，寫(xiě)一篇60~80詞的短文。 注意：1.語(yǔ)言規(guī)范，語(yǔ)意完整，內(nèi)容豐富。 2.表達(dá)符合圖意，書(shū)寫(xiě)規(guī)范。 3.給出自己的觀點(diǎn)。 4.文章的開(kāi)頭已給出。

參考詞：pollute, turn off the tap(水龍頭)，dry, save(節(jié)約 vt.), water resources(水資源)From the pictures we know that ______________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________（8）

請(qǐng)根據(jù)下面四幅圖，寫(xiě)一篇70個(gè)單詞左右的短文。文章開(kāi)頭已經(jīng)給出，不算入總詞匯數(shù)內(nèi)。

參考詞匯： on fire 著火firefighter n.消防員put out 滅火 

Jack was woken up by the shouting “Fire!Help!Fire!Help!...”

__________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________（9）看圖寫(xiě)話(huà)。

要求：1.根據(jù)圖畫(huà)所提供的語(yǔ)境，寫(xiě)出意思連貫、語(yǔ)言流暢、語(yǔ)法準(zhǔn)確、符合邏輯的短文。 2.至少使用兩種時(shí)態(tài)，70詞以上。不得使用真實(shí)姓名、地名、學(xué)校名。 3.標(biāo)題和第一句已給出，但不計(jì)入70詞之內(nèi)。 TAKING CARE OF TREES

One day Lin Tao and Mei Mei were playing in the garden.___________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________（10）

根據(jù)所給圖畫(huà)用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一篇約80詞的短文。

(11)

假如你所在的學(xué)校要出一期英語(yǔ)壁報(bào)。你準(zhǔn)備就自己經(jīng)歷的一件事寫(xiě)一篇英語(yǔ)短文向壁報(bào)投稿。下面五幅圖記錄了你上個(gè)星期六與老師和同學(xué)到南河邊參加植樹(shù)活動(dòng)的全過(guò)程。請(qǐng)你就以下五幅圖寫(xiě)一篇英文短文。

注意：1.短文內(nèi)容要包括所有圖畫(huà)中的主要內(nèi)容 2.詞數(shù)：70～90

3.生詞提示： 桶bucket鋤頭hoe

________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________（12）

請(qǐng)按照下面6幅圖和表格的提示，寫(xiě)一篇題為“Changes in Our Hometown”的英語(yǔ)短文。（詞數(shù)：50~80，不包括已經(jīng)給出的單詞）



內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)：

過(guò)去 現(xiàn)在 舊房 高樓 河水污濁 河水清澈 步行、騎自行車(chē) 乘公交車(chē)、小汽車(chē) Changes in Our Hometown

Over the past ten years, great changes have taken place in our hometown.In the past ________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 【練習(xí)答案】

(1)參考答案：

The Hua Mountain is one of the most famous mountains in China.It lies in the east of Shaanxi.Every year thousands of Chinese and foreigners pay a visit there.It’s not far from here.It takes you about one hour to get there by bus.You can also go there by train.When you are at the top of the mountain, you’ll find clouds, wondrous pines and unique rocks around you.In the early morning when the sun rises, the sky looks very beautiful.It’s really a nice place to visit.(2)參考答案：

Zhonghua street Xi;an, China June21st, 2004 Dear Jim：

How are you? Many thanks for the shirt!I’m very happy to hear from you again.I love the shirt very much, Jim, and red is my favourite colour!You remembered!It’s just my size.Every time I wear it, I will think of you.I’m fine here in China.Last week I had a birthday party.Many of my classmates came and my mother made us a lot of good food.We really had a wonderful time together.How are you doing in England, Jim? I miss you very much.I always miss the days we were together last summer.I hope you can come to China someday.Please write back soon.Your friend, Li Lei

(3)參考答案：

Sunday June 23rd

It was a fine day today and the sun was bright.I visited Xi’an Zoo with my classmate, Zhang Hong.The animals there were so interesting that all the people loved them.When I saw a visitor throwing food to the monkeys, I went/ran to stop him/her and said, “Animals are our friends and we must take good care of them.”

(4)參考答案： Dear friends，I’m very glad to introduce myself to you.My name is Zhang Bin.I’m fifteen years old.I live in Beijing.One of my favorite subjects is biology.I’m interested in drawing.In my free time, I often go camping, draw some pictures of plants, and enjoy the singing of birds in nature.I want to be a biologist when I grow up.I feel lucky to join you.I hope we can be good friends and do our best to make That’s all.Thank you for listening.(5)參考答案：

Xi’an is the capital of Shaanxi with a long history.There are many places of interest, such as the Dayan Pagoda, the Xiaoyan Pagoda, the Bell Tower and the Terra Cotta Warriors.Since it lies in the Northwest of China, the winter here is long and it sometimes snows.Autumn is the best season in Xi’an, for it’s neither too cold nor too hot.One of the most famous traditional foods is “Yangroupao”.(6)參考答案：

Last Monday, Tim got up at 7:40 in the morning.It was the rush hour.He rode his bike to school very fast.He was crossing the street when a car came at that moment.Tim’s bike hit the car and he fell to the ground heavily.The driver was very kind and stopped to make sure that Tim was all right.Then a policeman came over.He told Tim to ride more slowly next time and it was dangerous.Tim thanked him and went to school.All of the young men should obey the traffic rules.(7)參考答案：

From the pictures we know that much water has been polluted.Some factories are pouring waste water into rivers and lakes.The water becomes dirty and lots of fish have died.Many people often waste water.For example, they often forget to turn off the taps.If we don’t have enough water, land will be dry and crops will die.We can’t live without water.So we should try our best and encourage everyone to protect water resources.We must save water and stop polluting it.If we do that, Things will be much better.(8)參考答案：

Jack was woken up by the shouting “Fire!Help!Fire!Help!...” What had happened? He looked out of the window.Wow!He found that his neighbour’s house was on fire.Jack jumped off the bed and rushed to the telephone.He made a call to the police.Then, he ran out and helped his neighbour(to)fight against the fire.Soon the fire fighters came and in a short time the fire was put out.And the house owner and fire fighters thanked Jack and his neighbours a lot.

(9)參考答案：

TAKING CARE OF TREES

One day Lin Tao and Mei Mei were playing in the garden.They found that a young tree there was dying.They thought they must save the young tree.Then they put a rope around the tree and watered it.Some days later the tree came back to life again.Their mother saw this and praised them, “You are good children!”

(10)參考答案：

Yesterday afternoon Li Ping and I were going to school.On the way we saw an old woman crossing the street.Suddenly a car passed by very fast.The old woman was frightened and fell down to the ground.The apples in her basket were all out on the street.Immediately, we ran to the old woman, helped her get up and picked up all the apples.Li Ping helped her carry the basket and I helped her cross the street.The old woman thanked us very much.（11）參考答案： 內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)：（1）上星期五老師告訴我們“明天去南河邊植樹(shù)”。（2）上星期六（第二天）早上六點(diǎn)半我就起床了。

（3）我?guī)е叭W(xué)校，同學(xué)們帶著桶、鋤頭在校門(mén)口等待。（4）到南河邊，我們開(kāi)始植樹(shù)。（也可描寫(xiě)動(dòng)場(chǎng)面。）（5）看著新種下的樹(shù)，我們都很高興。

Last Friday, our teacher told us that we would go to plant trees by the South River the next day.On Saturday morning I got up at six thirty and went to school with a bucket.My classmates were waiting at the school gate with buckets and hoes.

When we got to the South River, we began to plant trees on the river bank.(On the river bank, some students were digging holes, the others were planting or watering the young trees.)

After we finished our work, we were happy to see the young trees we planted on the river bank.（12）參考答案：

Over the past ten years, great changes have taken place in our hometown.In the past, the houses in our hometown were very poor, but now many people have moved into tall buildings(there are many tall buildings here and there).The water in the rivers was very dirty, but now the rivers are clean and people can swim in them.People used to walk or ride bikes, but now they can take buses or drive their own cars to go to work.

第二篇：2013中考英語(yǔ)名詞考點(diǎn)歸納

名詞

1.The student didn’t find much__________ about the topic on that website．

A.reportB.articleC.informationD.story

2.—What is your favorite food?

—I like ______ best.I had a large bowl last night.A.potato noodleB.potatoes noodlesC.potato noodlesD.potatoes noodles

3.Could you please give some _____ to the _____ teachers?

A．a(chǎn)dvice;manB．a(chǎn)dvices;menC．suggestion;manD．suggestions;men

4.-Would you like some drinks, boys?-Yes, ____ , please.A.some orangesB.two boxes of chocolateC.some cakesD.two boxes of cola

5.The students of Grade 7 visited Mike’s farm and saw many _____there.A.birdB.duckC.sheepD.rabbit

6.—Jenny and Jane's _____ coming to my office.Can you help to find the girls?

—No problem.They will be here______.A.mothers are;in a momentB.mother is;at the moment

C.mothers are;right awayD.mother is;in a moment

7.—Mum, 1 am hungry.May 1 have some______?—Of course.But don't eat too much.A.breadB.noodleC.dumplingD.hamburger

8.—Oh, dear!There isn't enough___________for us in the lift.—No hurry.Let's wait for the next.A.floorB.roomsC.roomD.ground

9.We need to come up with a/an________and make a decision at once.A.informationB.adviceC.ideaD.news

10.-Can I help you?-I'd like ____________ for my twin daughters.A.two pair of shoes B.two pairs of shoeC.two pair of shoeD.two pairs of shoes

11.Lisa was so careless that she made many spelling ________ in her homework.A.plansB.decisionsC.gradesD.mistakes

12.Those _____ stole a few ______ yesterday.A.thiefs, fishesB.thieves, fishC.thiefs, fishesD.thief, fish

13.How many ____ are there in these _____?

A.tomatoes, photoB.tomatoes, photosC.potato, photosD.potatoes, photo

14.What _______ it is today!

A.a nice weatherB.nice weatherC.nice a weatherD.good a climate

15.Jack won the boys’ ______ race in our school sports meeting yesterday.A.1500-metreB.1500-metresC.1500-metre’sD.1500 meters

16.You must finish the work in___.A.two weeks timeB.two weeks’ timeC.two week’s timeD.two-weeks time

17.I like that son of ______.A.Jim’s sisterB.Jim sister’sC.Jim’s sister’sD.sister’s Jim

18.Nancy was very happy because she _____in the English test.A.made a little mistakesB.made a few mistakesC.made few mistakesD.made little mistakes 19.Mr.Li regards Ningxia as his second_____ because he has been here for over twenty years.A.familyB.houseC.roomD.home-Lily has a nice __________.Listen, she is singing in the next room!--How nice!.A.lookB.noiseC.voiceD.sound

第三篇：名詞 冠詞考點(diǎn)講解

2012高考總復(fù)習(xí)（15）：名詞、冠詞考點(diǎn)透析與精煉考試要求：

對(duì)名詞、冠詞的考查，在每年高考都有涉及，是高考大綱語(yǔ)法部分的重要內(nèi)容。不但在單項(xiàng)選擇部分對(duì)這兩類(lèi)詞有直接考查，在其他各大題型尤其是書(shū)面表達(dá)題型也涉及名詞、代詞的運(yùn)用。近年高考加大了對(duì)名詞詞義辨析的考查，但是考生丟分往往很多。本篇資源主要對(duì)名詞冠詞的考點(diǎn)和易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行歸納，并給同學(xué)們提供一些精選的練習(xí)。知識(shí)總結(jié)： 名詞考點(diǎn)主要集中在下列方面：

一、名詞的辨析，包括同義詞、近義詞、形似義異的名詞辨析。

這類(lèi)題主要考查名詞同義詞、近義詞的辨析，詞形相似而意義相異的名詞辨析，這些名詞可能有相同的前綴或后綴，甚至有相同或相近的詞干。這就要求在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中，必須要重視詞義及詞義辨析，收集大量的語(yǔ)言實(shí)例，反復(fù)記憶，用心領(lǐng)悟，掌握好名詞近義詞之間的細(xì)微區(qū)別。另外做題時(shí)還要充分注意語(yǔ)境的具體要求。

同義詞：選項(xiàng)中的幾個(gè)名詞意思大致相同，但是各個(gè)詞之間有著細(xì)微差別或者在用法上完全不同。

近義詞： 選項(xiàng)中幾個(gè)詞意義不同，但比較接近。

形似義異名詞：選項(xiàng)中幾個(gè)詞在拼寫(xiě)上有類(lèi)似之處，這類(lèi)詞在意義上往往差別較大。

二、名詞的搭配：名詞與介詞的搭配、名詞與動(dòng)詞的搭配、名詞的慣用法。

這類(lèi)題主要考查名詞與介詞的搭配，以及動(dòng)詞與名詞的搭配關(guān)系等。這些搭配主要是依據(jù)語(yǔ)法和慣用法，由于沒(méi)有任何規(guī)律可言。同學(xué)們?cè)谄綍r(shí)的復(fù)習(xí)中對(duì)一些常用名詞的搭配要注意積累與總結(jié)歸納。

三、語(yǔ)境

詞的語(yǔ)境指的是詞語(yǔ)在特定語(yǔ)境中的含義、感情色彩和表達(dá)作用。要理解詞語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)境意義，讀懂句子是關(guān)鍵，當(dāng)然要進(jìn)行聯(lián)系、比較和體會(huì)。這類(lèi)題是名詞考查的一個(gè)趨勢(shì)，現(xiàn)在越來(lái)越多的考題屬于這種情況。

四、名詞的轉(zhuǎn)義：把抽象意義轉(zhuǎn)化為具體意義，因而賦予其可數(shù)功能;把具體意義的名詞抽象化。

轉(zhuǎn)義名詞主要分為兩類(lèi)：把抽象意義的名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為具體意義，因而賦予其可數(shù)功能；把具體意義的名詞抽象化，從而賦予其不可數(shù)性。

抽象轉(zhuǎn)具體：pleasure, surprise, help, success, failure, danger, difficulty, wonder等意為“??的人/ 物”。如：The meeting is a success.抽象轉(zhuǎn)具體：worry, honor, disaster, rain, snow, fog, wind, gas, fire, crop, coffee, tea, food等，指“一種”、“一場(chǎng)”及“多種”、“多場(chǎng)”時(shí)，有其單、復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：There have been strong winds over the last two months.抽象轉(zhuǎn)具體：a need, a discovery, a love, a good time, a collection of, a knowledge of, a history of, a population of, an area of, an understanding of,a matter of等已形成固定形式。如：He has a good practical knowledge of computer science.具體轉(zhuǎn)抽象：school, college, hospital, court, prison, bed, table, church等，用心 愛(ài)心 專(zhuān)心

1都是可數(shù)名詞，可以有具體的意義，如a school, three schools。但go to school, go to church中的名詞為抽象名詞。

具體轉(zhuǎn)抽象：day, night, morning, noon, evening, night等用指天色時(shí)，表達(dá)抽象概念(注意其前不用冠詞)。如：Day may break now, for the birds are singing outside.冠詞考點(diǎn)主要集中在下列方面：

近年高考重點(diǎn)考查冠詞的基本用法，尤其在冠詞表示泛指、特指方面考查較多；對(duì)冠詞的習(xí)慣用法的考查也是高考的熱點(diǎn)之一；冠詞的靈活運(yùn)用是高考的難點(diǎn)之一。同學(xué)們?cè)趥淇嫉倪^(guò)程中一定要重點(diǎn)掌握和理解冠詞的基本用法，例如泛指、特指、類(lèi)指、專(zhuān)指等用法。當(dāng)然要特別注意在具體的語(yǔ)境中體會(huì)冠詞的用法。

一、序數(shù)詞前冠詞的使用

強(qiáng)調(diào)順序時(shí)用定冠詞；當(dāng)不強(qiáng)調(diào)順序，而是表示“又，還，再”時(shí)用不定冠詞。

二、school, bed等前面冠詞的使用

像bed, table, class, school, college, church, hospital, prison等名詞，在指這些家具、建筑或場(chǎng)所本身時(shí)用冠詞，但若抽象地指它們所具有的作用或功能時(shí)，則不用冠詞，此時(shí)多用于go to或者be in / at之后。

三、專(zhuān)有名詞前的冠詞使用

一般不用冠詞，如John, China等。但以下幾種情況用冠詞：

1．“the＋姓氏復(fù)數(shù)”表示“某某夫婦”或“姓某的一家人”；

2．“a(n)+人名”表示“??式的人物”或“有一個(gè)名叫??的人”，如He is a Lei Feng.(他是一

個(gè)雷鋒式的人物。)A Smith is waiting for you at the school gate.(有一個(gè)叫史密斯的人在門(mén)口等你。)。

3.由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專(zhuān)有名詞前通常要加the，如the Summer Palace, the United Nations。但若是

在“專(zhuān)有名詞(人名或地名)＋普通名詞”構(gòu)成的專(zhuān)有名詞前不用冠詞，如Beijing University,Yale University。

4.表示特指時(shí)專(zhuān)有名詞前也可能用the，如the Gorge of China(中國(guó)的高爾基)，the China of the

1960s(20世紀(jì)60年代的中國(guó))，the Smith you’re looking for(你在找的那個(gè)史密斯)。

四、物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞前冠詞的使用

一般不用冠詞，如We all need water.(我們都需要水。)但是下列情況要用冠詞：

1.特指時(shí)要加the；

2.有的抽象名詞具體化后，前面要加不定冠詞，如a surprise一件預(yù)料之外的事，a pity / shame(一

件令人遺憾的事), a success(一件成功的事或一個(gè)成功的人)，a pleasure(一件快樂(lè)的事)，a time(一段時(shí)間)。

3.不定冠詞可在coffee, tea, beer, drink等物質(zhì)名詞前表示“一杯 / 罐 / 瓶”。如I’d like a tea(=a cup of tea), please.我要來(lái)杯茶。

五、表示三餐的名詞前的冠詞使用

breakfast, lunch, supper等前一般不用冠詞，但若受形容詞修飾時(shí)用a / an；特指時(shí)要用the。如a good lunch(豐盛的午餐)How do you like the lunch? 你覺(jué)得這頓午餐怎么樣？

六、play后的樂(lè)器和球類(lèi)名詞的冠詞使用

play后接西洋樂(lè)器名詞時(shí)，要加定冠詞。但像erhu(二胡)之類(lèi)的漢語(yǔ)拼音的中國(guó)民樂(lè)名稱(chēng)前就不用冠詞；play后面接球、棋、牌等之類(lèi)的名詞前也不用冠詞，如play football / chess / bridge踢足球 / 下棋 / 打橋牌。

七、表示季節(jié)、月份、星期的名詞前的冠詞使用

一般不用冠詞，但特指時(shí)用the；受形容詞修飾表示具有某種特點(diǎn)時(shí)可用a / an。如the spring of 1998(1998年的春天)，a hard winter(一個(gè)嚴(yán)寒的冬天)。

八、表示節(jié)日的名詞前的冠詞使用

含有day的節(jié)日前一般不用冠詞，如May Day, New Year’s day, Christmas Day, April Fool’s Day, Mother’s Day等；但僅中國(guó)才有的傳習(xí)統(tǒng)節(jié)日名稱(chēng)前常用the，如the Spring Festival(春節(jié)), the Mid-autumn Festival(中秋節(jié))。

九、有后置定語(yǔ)的名詞前的冠詞使用

特指某人或某物時(shí)用the；但若指一類(lèi)事物時(shí)用a / an。如：

I’d like to buy a present that is useful but not expensive.我想買(mǎi)一件價(jià)格不貴但又有用的那樣一類(lèi)禮物。

十、兩個(gè)并列名詞前冠詞的使用

指同一人、物或同一概念時(shí)，第二個(gè)名詞前不用冠詞，如a teacher and writer(一位教師兼作家)，a horse and cart(一輛馬車(chē))，a knife and fork(一付刀叉)；但若是指兩個(gè)人時(shí)，第二個(gè)名詞前一般也要加冠詞，如a man and a woman(一個(gè)男人和一個(gè)女人)。易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥：

1.名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的特殊形式

child——children, foot——feet, man——men, mouse——mice,stomach——stomachs, tooth——teeth, woman——women, sheep——sheep,deer——deer, Chinese——Chinese, a man doctor——men doctors,a woman doctor——women doctors, looker-on——lookers-on,grown-up——grown-ups

誤：There are many woman teachers in my school.正：There are many women teachers in my school.2.常考不可數(shù)名詞

advice, baggage, equipment, information, luggage, furniture, fun, weather,knowledge, jewelry, progress

誤：What a fine weather it is!

正：What fine weather it is!

3.可數(shù)不可數(shù)均可，但意思不同

experience 經(jīng)歷（可數(shù)）；經(jīng)驗(yàn)（不可數(shù)）

room 房間（可數(shù)）；空間（不可數(shù)）

exercise 練習(xí)（可數(shù)）；鍛煉、運(yùn)動(dòng)（不可數(shù)）

誤：Visiting the Great Wall is unforgettable experience to me.正：Visiting the Great Wall is an unforgettable experience to me.4.只能修飾可數(shù)名詞的有：

few, a few, many, a great/good many, a large number of?

誤：There is a large number of water in the hole.正：There is a great deal of water in the hole.5.只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞的有：

little, a little, much, a large amount of, a great/good deal of?

誤：There are a great deal of people living there.正：There are a good many people living there.6.只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞有：

trousers, clothes, socks, shorts, goods, thanks, congratulations, belongings?誤：A pair of trousers are hanging over there.正：A pair of trousers is hanging over there.8.復(fù)數(shù)形式，單數(shù)意思的有：

plastics, news, politics, physics, mathematics?

誤：The news are exciting.正：The news is exciting.9.復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。

girl friends, boy students, women teachers, men workers, passers-by, go-betweens, grown-ups

誤：There're many boys students in my class.正：There're many boy students in my class.10.名詞做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)

police, cattle, clothes, goods

誤：Cattle sells well at that market.正：Cattle sell well at that market.11.幾個(gè)應(yīng)該特殊注意的名詞。

people(民族，人)； village(村莊，村民)；man(男人，人類(lèi))；youth(年輕人，青年男子，青春)

第四篇：2014英語(yǔ)中考考點(diǎn)匯總

2014英語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)匯總

詞法

1名詞2.冠詞 3.數(shù)詞4.形容詞 5.副詞6.代詞7.介詞8.連詞9.動(dòng)詞(時(shí)態(tài)/語(yǔ)態(tài)/不定式/動(dòng)名詞/)10.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞11.圖示/情景交際

句法

簡(jiǎn)單句

1.陳述句（肯、否）2.疑問(wèn)句一般疑問(wèn)句特殊疑問(wèn)句選擇疑問(wèn)句反意疑問(wèn)句 3.祈使句4.感嘆句 5.倒裝句6.形式主/賓語(yǔ) 7.主謂一致 8.反意疑問(wèn)句及回答

復(fù)合句

1.賓語(yǔ)從句2.定語(yǔ)從句 3.狀語(yǔ)從句(時(shí)間/條件/結(jié)果/原因)

文章

完型填空1閱讀理解3任務(wù)型閱讀1綜合填空1 書(shū)面表達(dá)1

2014英語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)匯總

詞法

1名詞2.冠詞 3.數(shù)詞4.形容詞 5.副詞6.代詞7.介詞8.連詞9.動(dòng)詞(時(shí)態(tài)/語(yǔ)態(tài)/不定式/動(dòng)名詞/)10.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞11.圖示/情景交際

句法

簡(jiǎn)單句

4.陳述句（肯、否）5.疑問(wèn)句一般疑問(wèn)句特殊疑問(wèn)句選擇疑問(wèn)句反意疑問(wèn)句 6.祈使句4.感嘆句 5.倒裝句6.形式主/賓語(yǔ) 7.主謂一致 8.反意疑問(wèn)句及回答

復(fù)合句

1.賓語(yǔ)從句2.定語(yǔ)從句 3.狀語(yǔ)從句(時(shí)間/條件/結(jié)果/原因)

文章

完型填空1閱讀理解3任務(wù)型閱讀1綜合填空1 書(shū)面表達(dá)1

第五篇：中考英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)題復(fù)習(xí)資料：定語(yǔ)從句講解和訓(xùn)練

【考點(diǎn)掃描】

中考對(duì)定語(yǔ)從句的考查主要集中在以下幾個(gè)方面： 1．定語(yǔ)從句的功用和結(jié)構(gòu) 2．關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的功用 3．各個(gè)關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的具體用法

考查的主要形式是單項(xiàng)填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。閱讀理解和書(shū)面表達(dá)肯定也要用到定語(yǔ)從句。【名師精講】

一.定語(yǔ)從句的功用和結(jié)構(gòu)

在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語(yǔ)從句。被定從句修飾的詞叫做先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句必須放在先行詞之后。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。例如： This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.Do you know everybody who came to the party? I still remember the night when I first came to the village? This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived.二.關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的功用

關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定于從句，在先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句之間起紐帶作用，使二者聯(lián)系起來(lái)。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞又在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。關(guān)系待客做主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)，關(guān)系副詞可作狀語(yǔ)。

1.作主語(yǔ)：關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)須和先行詞一致。例如：

I don’t like people who talk much but do little.The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.2.作賓語(yǔ)：

She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.The book that my grandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”.3.作定語(yǔ)

關(guān)系代詞whose在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)用。例如：

What’s the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor? The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.4.作狀語(yǔ)

I’ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.This is the house where I was born.三.各個(gè)關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的具體用法 1.who 指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)。例如：

The person who broke the window must pay for it.The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.2.whom指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)。例如：

Do you know the young man(whom)we met at the gate？ Mr Lee(whom)you want to see has come.3.whose 指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)。例如：

The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.I know the boy whose father is a professor.4.which指物，在定語(yǔ)從中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。例如：

A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.Here is the book(which)the teacher mentioned yesterday.5.that多指物，有時(shí)也指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。例如： I’ve read the newspaper that(which)carries the important news.Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there? 6.when 指時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)。例如：

I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.7.where 指地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)。例如： This is the house where we lived last year.The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.四.關(guān)系代詞 whom，which 在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以和介詞一起放于先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句之間，有時(shí)為了關(guān)系緊湊也可以將 whom 與 which 與先行詞緊挨著書(shū)寫(xiě)，而將介詞置于定語(yǔ)從句的后面，如：

That was the room in which we had lived for ten years.= That was the room which we had lived in for ten years.