第一篇：名詞從句講解加題目

判斷句型

1.What I want to do is taking a bath.2.The news that they won the game spread the whole school.3.I don’t think(that)he is an honest boy.4.The fact is that he stole the car.5.Do you know the fact that he stole the car?

6.Do you know the man who is standing over there?

7.It is said that they won the game.引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞

I really feel that he needs more experience.I want to know whether/if she still lives here.What she said is not true.Who broke the window has not been found out.He asked whose handwriting is the best in our class.That is why she left home yesterday.Have you heard the news that Mary will be back soon?

8.I will give it to whoever needs it.9.It is unwise to give your child whatever he wants.10.I’ve just bought five new books;you can take whichever book you like.賓語(yǔ)從句

She said(that)she is going to learn English.I want to know whether/if she still lives there.I don’t know who all these people are.She wants to know which film I like best.Please tell me where she lives.注意：that在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，在口語(yǔ)或非正式的文體中常常被省去。但如果從句是并列句時(shí),第二個(gè)及以后的分句前that不可省.We all think(that)she is working hard and that she will surely go to a good college.注意：在賓語(yǔ)從句中，表示“是否”既可以用whether,也可以用if.但是，whether常與or not連用；作介詞賓語(yǔ)只用whether;從句是否定句時(shí)一般用if。

I don’t know whether/if he will come.I want to know whether he will come or not.Are you talking about whether he will come?

He doesn’t care if it isn’t a fine day.4.He always thinks ______ he can do better.（how, who）

5.I really don't know ________ the bridge will be finished.（how long, how soon）

They don't know __________ we are going hiking.7.She wanted to know ___________ her coat would be ready the next day.8.I was really surprised at ______ I saw.9.I don't know ______ so many people crowding round him

10.Do you know _________ shirt it is?

賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)序

Could you tell me if it _____ tomorrow?

A.rainsB.is raining

C.will rainD.rain

2.The teacher told his students the sun_____

in the east.A.riseB.rises

C.roseD.risen

Peter knew _______.A.whether he has finished reading the book

B.why the boy had so many questions

C.there were 12 months in a year

D.when they will leave for Paris

Could you tell me ______?

A.where is the nearest railway station

B.where the nearest railway station was

C.where the nearest railway station is

D.where was the nearest railway station

I really don't know if she _______ it when she ________.A.finds/ arrives

B.finds/ will arrive

C.will find/ will arrive

D.will find/ arrives

─Where do you think _____ he ____ the TV set? ─ Sorry, I've no idea.A./, bought

B.has, bought

C.did, buy

D.did bought

句型轉(zhuǎn)換

1.When does the train arrive? Please tell me.（改為賓語(yǔ)從句）→

Please tell me ________ _________ _________________.2.What does he do? Do you know?（改為賓語(yǔ)從句）→

Do you know _______ he _______?

3.Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys.（改為賓語(yǔ)從句）→

He asked the boys ___________ they _______ fried chicken.表語(yǔ)從句

在句中充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)的從句(即放在be動(dòng)詞后面)叫做表語(yǔ)從句

我們的目的是他能認(rèn)識(shí)到錯(cuò)誤。

Our purpose is that he can realize his faults.注意：引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的連接詞一般不省略。

問(wèn)題是它是否值得做。

The question is whether it is worth doing.注意：表語(yǔ)從句表示“是否” 只用“whether” 而不用“if”

試區(qū)分以下句子

Is this museum what you visited?

Is this the museum that you visited?

Is this museum the one that you visited?

注意：這種句子考試時(shí)一定要記住這句話(huà)：名詞前（尤其是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前）一定要有限定詞。然后把句子變換成陳述句，接著判斷句子是屬于哪種從句再完成。

It appears that they are in need of help.It happened that he had no money on him.That house is _______ the garden tools are stored.The reason I don’t want to go there is ______ I’ve just got a new job here.That was ______ they had made the mistake.Everything in the room is _____ it was ten years ago.The dream Jack has in mind is ______ he will become a scientist in the future.6.What we care about is _________ it will be a fine day tomorrow.主語(yǔ)從句

he will come here on Wednesday is certain.他星期三來(lái)這里是肯定的he will come here on Wednesday is

not certain.他星期三是否來(lái)這里還不肯定的。

What he said is not true.Who broke the window has not been found out.How he escaped is still a mystery.Whom she borrowed money from still puzzled him.she said puzzled him._______ she said such a thing puzzled him._____________ we should send to take part in the party is to be discussed._______ they don’t want to drop the plan is clear._______ he finished the work in so short time remains a question.________ it is going to snow this evening is not certain._____________________________(她離開(kāi)他)cut him to the cut.______________________________________(月球上沒(méi)有生命)is known to all.it 做形式主語(yǔ)

That he can’t attend the party is a pity.It is a pity that he can’t attend the party.How much money is needed is hard to say.It is hard to say how much money is needed.That the moon moves around the earth is known to all.It is known to all that the moon moves around the earth.用it形式主語(yǔ)的that從句有以下四種不同的搭配：

It + be + 形容詞 ＋ that從句

It is necessary that?有必要?

It is important that ?.重要的是?

It is obvious that??很明顯??

It + be +-ed分詞 ＋ that從句

不及物動(dòng)詞 ＋ that從句?

t appears that?似乎?

It happens that ?.碰巧?

It occurred to me that??我突然想起??

It is a wonder _____ you weren't injured.It is still unknown ______ and ______ this took place.It doesn't matter _______ you are going to do it.你昨天錯(cuò)過(guò)了這部新的電影，真是太遺憾了。

同位語(yǔ)從句

在句中用作同位語(yǔ)的從句叫做同位語(yǔ)從句。同位語(yǔ)從句一般放在如idea, news, fact, promise, suggestion, belief, truth等含有豐富內(nèi)涵的抽象的詞語(yǔ)后面，用來(lái)說(shuō)明前面那個(gè)詞的具體內(nèi)容。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，同位語(yǔ)從句都用that來(lái)作連接詞，而且不能省略。也可用how, when, where等。

他給了她一個(gè)承諾，他會(huì)在兩個(gè)月后回來(lái)。

He gave her a promise that he would come back after two months.試區(qū)分以下句子

Do you know the fact that he stole the car?

Do you know the fact that they were talking about?

注意：1.如果是定語(yǔ)從句，它的從句肯定是不完整的，關(guān)系詞肯定在句中充當(dāng)成分的；而同位語(yǔ)從句中的that只起連接作用。

2.定語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)先行詞起修飾作用，而同位語(yǔ)從句則解釋說(shuō)明先行詞的具體內(nèi)容。Tell the difference

1.The news that the plane would take off on time made everybody happy.2.The news that is spreading around the airport isthat a heavy storm is coming.3.The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering.1.The question is ____the film is worth seeing.A.ifB.whatC.whetherD.how

2.They received orders _____ the work be done at once.A.whichB.whenC./D.that

3.The reason ____ I have to go is ____ my mother is ill in bed.A.why;whyB.why;becauseC.why;thatD.that;because

4.___ I can’t understand is ___ she wants to change her mind.A.What;whyB.Which;howC.That;whyD.What;because

5.____ his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain.A.ThatB.WhetherC.IfD.Even if

6.It is known to us ___ where there is pollution, there is harm.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.that

7.I have the information ____.A.of what he’ll come soonB.that he’ll come soon

C.of that he’ll come soonD.his coming soon

8.---I saw your neighbor break your window with a basketball.---____ it made me nearly mad.A.That he brokeB.What he brokeC.He brokeD.His break

9.It remains a question ____ we can get so much money in such a

short time.A.howB.thatC.whenD.what

10.---Can I help you?

---Yes, do you know ____?

A.when comes the busB.when will come the bus

C.when does the bus comeD.when the bus comes

11.He made a promise ___ anyone set him free he would make him very rich.A.thatB.ifC.whatD.that if

12.They lost their way in the forest and ____ made matters worse was ___ night began to fall.A.what;thatB.it;that

C.what;whenD.which;what

第二篇：名詞從句

名詞從句(Noun Clauses）。

名詞從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組, 它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)、介詞賓語(yǔ)等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語(yǔ)法功能，名詞從句又可分別稱(chēng)為主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。

一、引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞

引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類(lèi)：

1.連詞：that（無(wú)任何詞意）

whether,if（均表示“是否”表明從句內(nèi)容的不確定性）

as if ,as though（均表示“好像”，“似乎”）

2.連接代詞：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.whichever,whomever

3.連接副詞：when, where, how, why 二.主語(yǔ)從句

1.作句子主語(yǔ)的從句叫主語(yǔ)從句。主語(yǔ)從句通常由從屬連詞that，whether，和連接代詞

what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及連接副詞how，when，where，why等詞引導(dǎo)。that在句中無(wú)詞義，只起連接作用；連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問(wèn)含義、又起連接作用，在從句中充當(dāng)從句的成分。例如：

What he wants to tell us is not clear.Who will win the match is still unknown.It is known to us how he became a writer.Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.2.有時(shí)為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用形式主語(yǔ)it代替主語(yǔ)從句作形式主語(yǔ)放于句首，而把主語(yǔ)從句置于句末。

（1）It + be + 名詞 + that(a pity, a shame, a strange thing, common knowledge…)

（2）It + be + 形容詞 + that(strange, necessary, important,likely,…)

（3）It + be + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 + that(said, known, reported, announced,decided,…)

（4）It + 不及物動(dòng)詞 + that(happen, seem, appear, occur)

3.另注意在主語(yǔ)從句中用來(lái)表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等語(yǔ)氣時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣“(should)+do”，常用的句型有：

It is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc.)that …

It is a pity(a shame, no wonder, etc.)that…

It is suggested(requested, proposed, desired, etc.)that…

三、賓語(yǔ)從句

在句中作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或介詞賓語(yǔ)的句子。

1.由連接詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句

由連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)常被省去，但如從句是并列句時(shí),第二個(gè)分句前的that不 可省。He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.We must never think(that)we are good in everything and that others are good in nothing.2.在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, command等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動(dòng)詞后，賓語(yǔ)從句常用“（should）+ 動(dòng)詞原形”。

I insist that she(should)do her work alone.The commander ordered that troops(should)set off at once.3.用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句相當(dāng)于特殊疑問(wèn)句，應(yīng)注意句子語(yǔ)序要用陳述語(yǔ)序。

I want to know what he has told you.She always thinks of how she can work well.She will give whoever needs help a warm support.4.注意時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)，當(dāng)主句動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句根據(jù)自身的句子情況，而使用不同時(shí)態(tài)。當(dāng)主句動(dòng)詞是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，從句則要用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，如一般過(guò)去時(shí)，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)等；當(dāng)從句表示的是客觀真理，科學(xué)原理，自然現(xiàn)象，則從句仍用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。

The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America．

The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.5.think, believe, imagine, suppose等等動(dòng)詞引起的否定性賓語(yǔ)從句中，要把上述主句中的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄊ?。即將從句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如?/p>

We don’t think you are here.I don’t believe he will do so.6.在喜歡，憎恨，理解，感激等詞后加賓語(yǔ)從句，先加it作形式賓語(yǔ)再加從句like, love, hate, dislike, prefer, appreciate..+it + clause;see to it that;take it for granted

I’d appreciate it if you help me.I hate it when people speak with their mouths full.7.think/ feel/ find/ make/ believe +it+adj/n+clause He made it clear that he wouldn’t change his mind.I found it hard that we made him change his attitude.8.It makes no/a difference +clause

It made no difference whether he would come or not.四、表語(yǔ)從句

1.表語(yǔ)從句位于連系動(dòng)詞后，有時(shí)用as if引導(dǎo)。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語(yǔ) + 系動(dòng)詞 + 從句。

The fact is that we have lost the game.That’s just what I want.This is where our problem lies.That is why he didn’t come to the meeting.固定句型：

（1）The reason why…/for…is /was that

(2)It looks/ seems/ appears as if/ though(3)It turned out that…

It looks as if it is going to rain.The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning.It turned out that it became a doctor.五、同位語(yǔ)從句

1.同位語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明其前面的名詞的具體內(nèi)容。同位語(yǔ)從句通常由that引導(dǎo)，可用于同位語(yǔ)從 句的名詞有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如：

The news that we won the game is exciting.I have no idea when he will come back home.The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill.2.同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別：

that作為關(guān)系代詞，可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，充當(dāng)句子成分，在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略； that 引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，起連詞的作用，沒(méi)有實(shí)際意義，不充當(dāng)句子成分，一般不能省略。

I had no idea that you were here．（that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，不能省略）Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？（that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，作賓語(yǔ)，可以省略）

名詞從句注意的事項(xiàng)：

1.what 和that 的區(qū)分

what 既起連接作用，又充當(dāng)成分，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)；that只起連接作用，不充當(dāng)成分，在主，賓，表從句中不省略。

(1).The village we see today is no longer ________it was ten years ago.(2).After months of voyage, Columbus arrived in_________later proved a new continent.(3).The trouble is __________we are short of hands.2.whether與if 在作“是否”的意思講時(shí)在下列情況下一般只能用whether，不用if：

a.引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句并在句首時(shí)；Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.b.引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)；

The question is whether she should have a low opinion of the test? c.引導(dǎo)從句作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)；

Everything depends on whether we have enough money.d.從句后有“or not”時(shí)；

I wonder whether he will come or not.e.后接動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)。

Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 3.重點(diǎn)句型

（1）What surprised/ frightened/ disappointed/attracted us most was that …（2）think/ believe/ feel/ find/ make +it +adj/n+clause（3）It is +n/adj/ved that / It happens/seems/appears/occurs that（4）It occurred to me that（5）It turned out that

（6）It makes no/ a difference +clause（7）like/love/ hate/ dislike/ prefer/ appreciate +it +clause

1.________that they found an unusual plant in the forest.A.It is said B.They are said C.It said D.It says

2._____ caused the accident is still a complete mystery.A.What B.That C.How D.Where

3.It worried Mary a lot _____ she would pass the college entrance examination.A.whether B.if C.that D.how

4.Shanghai has taken on a new look.It isn’t like _____ it used to be.A.what B.how C.that D.which

5.____ is no possibility ______ Bob will win the first prize in the match.A.There, that B.It, that C.There, whether D.It, whether

6.Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster ____ he had done the day before.A.that B.how C.what D.where

7.The old man smiled when he saw how pretty _____ up to be during the past few years.A.had his daughter grown B.would his daughter grow

C.his daughter would grow D.his daughter had grown

8.Have you seen Mary lately? My boss wants to know _______.A.how she is getting along B.how is she getting along

C.what she is getting along D.what is she getting along

9.____surprised me most was _____such a little girl of seven could play the violin so well.A.That;what B.What;that C.That;that D.What;what

10.These wild flowers are so special I would do ______ I can to save them.A.whatever B.which C.that D.whichever

11._____ helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.A.Who B.Anyone C.Whoever D.The person

12.Eat _____ you like and leave the others for _____ comes in late.A.any;who B.every;whoever C.whichever;whoever D.either;whoever

13.___ she couldn’t understand was ____fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.A.What;why B.That;why C.What;because D.Why;that

14.It was ____ he said ___ disappointed me.A.What;that B.That;that C.What;what D.That;what

15.It was ordered that all the soldiers _______to the front.A.should send B.must be sent C.should be sent D.must go

16.The true value of life is not in ______, but _______.A.which we get;what give we B.what we get;what we give

C.which do we get;what do we give D.how we get;that we give

17.We are all for your suggestion that the discussion _______.A.be put off B.was put off C.should put off D.is to be put off

18.Go and get your coat．It's ____ you left it．

A.where B.there C.here where D.where there

19.Sarah hopes to become a friend of ______ shares her interests.A.anyone B.whomever C.whoever D.no matter who

20.You can’t imagine ______ when they received these nice Christmas presents.A.how they were excited B.how excited they were

C.how excited were they D.they were how excited

名詞性從句（87-2006）

1._____________ you have done might do harm to other people.(87)

A.That B.What C.Which D.This 2.They have no idea at all ____________.(87)

A.where he has gone

B.where did he go

C.which place he has gone D.where he had gone 3._____________ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.(88)

A.Anyone B.The person C.Whoever D.Who 4.Upon graduation he asked to be sent to _______________.(88)

A.where he is most needed B.where he needed

C.where he is mostly needed D.where is he mostly needed 5.These photographs will show you _____________.(89)

A.what does our village look like B.what our village looks like

C.how does our village look like D.how our village looks like 6.Can you make sure _____________ the gold ring?(90)

A.where Alice had put B.where had Alice put

C.where Alice has put D.where has Alice put 7.No one can be sure _____________ in a million years.(91)

A.what man will look like B.what will man look like

C.man will look like what D.what look will man like 8._____________ the Games will be held in Beijing is not known.(92)

A.Whenever B.If C.Whether D.That 9.It worried her a bit _____________ her hair was turning gray.(92)

A.what B.that C.if D.for 10._____________ you don’t like him is none of my business.(92)

A.What B.Who C.That D.Whether 11._____________ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.(93)

A.What B.That C.The fact D.The matter 12.He asked _____________ for the violin.(93)

A.did I pay how much

B.I paid how much

C.how much did I pay

D.how much I paid 13.— Do you remember ____________ he came?

— Yes, I do, he came by car.(94)

A.how B.when C.that D.if 14._________ _ is a fact that English is accepted as an international language.(95)

A.There B.This C.That D.It 15.Sarah hopes to become a friend of _____________ shares her interests.(95)

A.anyone B.whomever C.whoever D.no matter who 16.____________ we can’t get seems better than ____________ we have.(96)

A.What;what B.What;that C.That;that D.That;what 17._____________ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.(96)

A.If B.Whether C.That D.Where 18.It is generally considered unwise to give a child _____________ he or she wants.(97)

A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever 19.___________ caused the accident is still a complete mystery.(98)

A.What B.That C.How D.Where 20.It was a matter of ____________ would take the position.(98)

A.who B.whoever C.whom D.whomever 21.— I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.— Is that ____________ you had a few days off?(99)A.why B.when C.what D.where 22.___________ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.(99)

A.Who B.The one C.Anyone D.Whoever 23.These wild flowers are so special I would do _____________ I can to save them.(00)

A.that B.which C.whichever D.whatever 24._____________ she couldn’t understand was _____________ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.(00)

A.That;what B.What;why C.What;because D.Why;that 25.What the doctors really doubt is _____________ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.(01)

A.when B.how C.whether D.why 26._________ is no possibility ___________ Bob can win the first prize in the match.(01)

A.There;that B.It;that C.There;whether D.It;whether 27.When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule: Always give the mokey exactly ____________ he wants.(2002上海)

A.what B.which C.when D.that 28.There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _________ road conditions need ____________.(2003上海)

A.that;to be improved B.which;to be improved

C.where;improving D.when;improving 29.— Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?

— Oh, that’s ____________.(2003 北京春季)

A.what makes me feel excited B.whatever I feel excited about

C.how I feel about it

D.when I feel excited 30.We cannot figure out _______ quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out.(2004 北京)

A.that B.as C.why D.when 31.I think Father would like to know ___________ I've been up to so far, so I decide to send him a quick note.(04 湖南)

A.which

B.why C.what D.how 32.A modern city has been set up in ________ was a wasteland ten years ago.(04 天津)A.what

B.which C.that D.where 33.Parents are taught to understand ______ important education is to their children’s future.(04廣東)

A.that

B.how C.such D.so 34.The road is covered with snow.I can't understand ______they insist on going by motor-bike.(04)A.why B.whether C.when D.how 35.After Yang Li Wei succeeded in circling the earth, _______ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.(04上海)

A.where B.what C.that D.how 36.A story goes ______ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court.(04上海)

A.when B.where C.what D.that 37.The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at ________ I thought was a dangerous speed.(04上海春季)A.as B.which C.what D.that 38.Along with the letter was his promise ________ he would visit me this coming Christmas.A.which B.that C.what D.whether 39.Mary wrote an article on ________the team had failed to win the game.（05 北京）

A.why B.what C.who D.that 40.Danby left word with my secretary ____________ he would call again in the afternoon.(05 浙江)

A.who B.that C.as D.which 41.The way he did it was different _________we were used to.(05 江西)

A.in which

B.in what C.from what D.from which 42.I was surprised by her words, which made me recognize ___ silly mistakes I had made.(05 湖南)

A.what

B.that C.how

D.which 43.With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased _____ he was a man of action.(06 湖南)

A.which

B.that C.what D.whether 44.We haven't settled the question of ______________ it is necessary for him to study abroad.（06江蘇）

A.if B.where C.whether D.that 45._________makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.（06遼寧）

A.What B.Who C.Whatever D.Whoever 46.See the flags on top of the building? That was _______we did this morning.（06全國(guó)I）

A.when B.which C.where D.what 47.Please remind me _____he said he was going.I may be in time to see him off.（06全國(guó)I）

A.where B.when C.how D.what 48.---What did your parents think about your decision?

---They always let me do _______ I think I should.（06全國(guó)III）

A.when B.that C.how D.what 49.Engines are to machines _________ hearts are to animals.（06山東）

A.as B.that C.what D.which 50.I just wonder __________ that makes him so excited.（06山東）

A.why it does B.what he does C.how it is D.what it is 51.One advantage of playing the guitar is _________ it can give you a great deal of pleasure.（06上海）

A.how

B.why

C.that

D.when 52.He spoke proudly of his part in the game, without mentioning ________ his teammates had done.（06上海）

A.what B.which C.why D.while 53.---It’s thirty years since we last met.---But I still remember the story, believe it or not, __________ we got lost on a rainy night.（06四川）

A.which

B.that C.what D.when 54.There is much chance __________Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.（06天津）

A.that

B.which

C.until D.if 55.Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class ________he had to meet his uncle at the airport.（06重慶）

A.why

B.that

C.where

D.because 56.These shoes look very good.I wonder __________.（06上海春季）

A.how much cost they are

B.how much do they cost

C.how much they cost

D.how much are they cost 57.Doris' success lies in the fact _________ she is co-operative and eager to learn from others.（06上海春季）

A.which

B.that

C.when

D.why 58.---Could you do me a favor?

---It depends on ________it is.A.which

B.whichever

C.what D.whatever

答案：

1------5 BACAB 6------10 CACBC 11------15 ADADC 16------20 ABBAA 21-----25 ADDBC 26------30 AAAAC 31------35 CABAB 36-----40 DCBAB 41------45 CABCA 46------50 DBDCD 51-----55 CABAB 56------58 CBC

第三篇：各類(lèi)從句講解

各類(lèi)從句詳解

英語(yǔ)從句可以分為名詞性從句、定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句三大類(lèi)：下面我們逐一進(jìn)行說(shuō)明：

一、名詞性從句（主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句）

主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中的充當(dāng)?shù)某煞趾推涿Q(chēng)相同，分別作主句的主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。上述這四種從句均被稱(chēng)為名詞性從句。所有的名詞性從句均不能用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)，并且它們都用相同的關(guān)聯(lián)詞，關(guān)聯(lián)詞如下：

①

主從連詞：that(無(wú)意義), whether(是否), if(是否)（在句子中不充當(dāng)任何成分）②

連接代詞：who(誰(shuí)), whom(誰(shuí)), whose(誰(shuí)的), what(什么), which(哪一個(gè))③

連接副詞：when(什么時(shí)候), where(什么地方), how(怎樣), why(為什么)主從連詞只起連接作用，連接代詞和連接副詞除了起連接作用外，還充當(dāng)從句某一個(gè)成分。另外，可以用whatever, whichever, whoever, who(m)ever等連接代詞引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。

下面分別對(duì)各種名詞性從句進(jìn)行介紹

（一）主語(yǔ)從句（subject clause）

在主句中用作主語(yǔ)的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)稱(chēng)之為主語(yǔ)從句。例如：

That he will come to the discussion is certain.他來(lái)參加討論是確定的。

That the moon moves round the earth is well known to all of us.月球繞地球轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，這是我們大家都熟知的。

When the meeting is to be held has not yet been decide.會(huì)議什么時(shí)候召開(kāi)還沒(méi)有決定。主語(yǔ)從句放在句首，句子常常顯得比較笨重，因此通常可以把it放在句首，作形式主語(yǔ)，而將主語(yǔ)從句放在后面。例如上面的句子可以分別改寫(xiě)為： It is certain that he will come to the discussion.It is well known to all of us that the moon moves round the earth.It has not yet been decide when the meeting is to be held.下面再舉一些例句：

What they are after is profit.他們追求的是利潤(rùn)。That he is still alive is sheer luck.他還活著全靠運(yùn)氣。Who did the work is unknown.誰(shuí)干了這工作無(wú)人知道。Whether she will join us won’t make too much difference.It won’t make too much difference whether she will join us.她是否參與我們的活動(dòng)無(wú)關(guān)緊要。Which way is more effective is still a question.It is still a question which way is more effective.哪種辦法效率更高還是個(gè)問(wèn)題。

（二）表語(yǔ)從句（predicative clause）

在主句中擔(dān)當(dāng)表語(yǔ)的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)稱(chēng)之為表語(yǔ)從句。

One idea is that fish is the best brain food.有一種看法認(rèn)為魚(yú)是最好的補(bǔ)腦食品。The problem is where we can hold our meeting.問(wèn)題是我們可以在哪兒舉行會(huì)議。

My question is how information is stored in the long-term memory.我的問(wèn)題是信息是怎樣儲(chǔ)存在長(zhǎng)期記憶中的。

That is what he really wants.那就是他真想要的東西。

It seems that everything goes smoothly.似乎一切都進(jìn)行得很順利。

（三）賓語(yǔ)從句（object clause）

在主句中作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、介詞及非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)稱(chēng)之為賓語(yǔ)從句。在引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從屬連詞that在口語(yǔ)中和非正式文本中常省略。（1）動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句

We know that a parrot can’t really speak.我們知道鸚鵡不會(huì)真的說(shuō)話(huà)。He wants to tell us what he thinks.他想告訴我們他所想的事情。

Knowing that it was going to rain, they decided to work inside the house.知道要下雨了，于是他們決定在室內(nèi)工作。(現(xiàn)在分詞knowing的賓語(yǔ)從句)I want to know whether/if you still work in the factory.我想知道你是否還在工廠工作。（不定式to know的賓語(yǔ)從句）The club will give whoever wins a prize.獲勝者俱樂(lè)部將頒獎(jiǎng)。Up to now we can’t say whether his theory can stand the test.到目前為止我們還不能說(shuō)他的理論是否經(jīng)得住考驗(yàn)。A little observation will show how the temperature changes.稍加觀察就可以看出溫度是怎樣變化的。

Do you know who lives in this room?你知道誰(shuí)住在這房間里嗎？（2）介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句

He laughed at what they said.她對(duì)他們說(shuō)的話(huà)一笑置之。

There is disagreement among economists about what money is and how money is measured.什么是貨幣以及怎樣計(jì)量貨幣在經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家之間存在分歧。

（3）形容詞的賓語(yǔ)從句

有些形容詞可以用that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，表示說(shuō)話(huà)人對(duì)某一事物的態(tài)度并帶有感情色彩。常見(jiàn)的這類(lèi)形容詞有：afraid, amazed, astonished, aware, certain, confident, delighted, glad, grateful, happy, proud, sad, sorry, sure, surprised等。

“害怕，驚訝，震驚，意識(shí)，確定，自信，高興，高興，高興，高興，自豪，傷心，對(duì)不起，當(dāng)然，驚訝” 例如：

I am glad that you have come.你來(lái)了，我真高興。

I am afraid that you are wrong on this point.恐怕你在這點(diǎn)上是錯(cuò)誤的。

He is quite confident that he will pass the examination.他很有信心通過(guò)這個(gè)考試。

（四）同位詞從句（apposition clause）

同位語(yǔ)從句就是在句子中擔(dān)當(dāng)同位語(yǔ)的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。

主句中有些詞義比較抽象的名詞，如：belief, doubt, evidence證據(jù), idea, fact, hope, news, possibility, question, thought等，可以用that、連接代詞和連接副詞引出同位語(yǔ)從句。

There is no doubt that a large number of people benefit from heart surgery.毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，有許多人得益于心臟外科手術(shù)。

I have an idea that parents should monitor監(jiān)控the kind of television their children watch.我有一個(gè)想法，父母應(yīng)該檢查孩子看電視的內(nèi)容。

There is the news that some British customers will visit our company.有消息說(shuō)幾個(gè)英國(guó)客戶(hù)要來(lái)我公司參觀。

Is there any proof that the food of the plant differs from that of animals? 是否有任何證據(jù)可以說(shuō)明植物性的食物不同于動(dòng)物性的食物呢？ We all know the fact that organization helps memorization.我們都知道這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)：把要記憶的材料組織起來(lái)有助于記憶。注意：雖然that在同位語(yǔ)從句中沒(méi)有什么意義，但不能省略。區(qū)別：盡管由that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句與that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句很相似，但兩者有明顯的區(qū)別。

(a)

that在同位語(yǔ)從句中是連詞，只起連接作用，無(wú)具體詞義，不能在從句中充當(dāng)成分；而用that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中，that是關(guān)系代詞，在從句中充當(dāng)一定成分，并有詞意。

(b)

同位語(yǔ)從句與其先行詞在邏輯上有“主系表”的關(guān)系，例如上面的第一句可以理解為：“許多人得益于心臟外科手術(shù)是毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)的”上述其它各句也是如此，而定語(yǔ)從句則沒(méi)有這種關(guān)系。

（五）只可用whether但不可用if的情況 if, whether引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句表示“是否”，其異同點(diǎn)如下： 相同點(diǎn)：

(a)用作賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，它們可互相替換。例如：

I wonder if/whether you can help me.我想知道你是否能幫助我。

(b)都可與or連用。例如：

Please tell me if/whether they are Swedish or Danish.訴我他們是瑞典人還是丹麥人。不同點(diǎn)：（只可用whether但不可用if的情況）

(a)if不能用于在句首的主語(yǔ)從句。例如：

Whether John will go remains a question.約翰是否去還是一個(gè)問(wèn)題。

Whether she likes the present is not clear to me.她是否喜歡禮物我還不清楚。但可以說(shuō)

It’s not clear to me if/whether she likes the present.（因?yàn)闆](méi)有在句首，所以可以用if）

(b)if不能用于表語(yǔ)從句

The point is whether we should lend him the money.問(wèn)題在于我們是否應(yīng)該借錢(qián)給他。

(c)if不能引導(dǎo)介詞的賓語(yǔ)從句

I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness.我擔(dān)心他是否能度過(guò)疾病的危險(xiǎn)期。

(d)if不能引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句

They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy.他們調(diào)查他是否值得信賴(lài)。

(e)if后不能接or not I don't care whether you like the plan or not.我不在乎你是否喜歡該計(jì)劃。

是用if還是用whether是一個(gè)考點(diǎn)，但能用if的場(chǎng)合一定能用whether，反之則不然。

二、定語(yǔ)從句

在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句是定語(yǔ)從句（attributive clause）被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞叫先行詞，定語(yǔ)從句必須放在先行詞后面。

定語(yǔ)從句一般由關(guān)系代詞：that, which, who, whom, whose和關(guān)系副詞：when, where, why引出。

注意區(qū)別：在名詞性從句中，that是連詞，在句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，且沒(méi)有任何意義；而在定語(yǔ)從句中，that是關(guān)系代詞，在句中充當(dāng)一定成分，并有詞意。

（一）由關(guān)系代詞引出的定語(yǔ)從句

關(guān)系代詞which指物，在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)；who指人，在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)；whom指人，在從句中作賓語(yǔ)；that指人或物，常用于替代which, who, whom，在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。whose指人或物，在從句中作定語(yǔ)。例如：

1.There are many sounds which/that have a meaning and yet are not words.有許多聲音有意義但不是詞。（which/that在從句中作主語(yǔ)）

2.The few points which/that the president stressed in his report are very important indeed.校長(zhǎng)在報(bào)告中強(qiáng)調(diào)的幾點(diǎn)確實(shí)非常重要。（which/that在從句中作賓語(yǔ)）

3.Some people who/that are successful language learners often fail in other fields.有些在語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)上很成功的人，在其他領(lǐng)域常常一無(wú)所成。（who/that在從句中作主語(yǔ)）

4.Here is the man whom/who/that you’ve been looking for.這就是你一直在找的人。（whom/who/that在從句中作賓語(yǔ)）

5.She lives in the house whose door and windows are broken.她住在門(mén)窗已經(jīng)壞了的房子里。（whose指物，在從句中作定語(yǔ)）

6.How many students are there in your class whose parents serve in the government agencies?你們班里有多少同學(xué)的父母在政府機(jī)關(guān)工作。（whose指人，在從句中作定語(yǔ)）

注意，在定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系代詞which, who, whom, that等，如果在從句中作賓語(yǔ)，也可以省略。例如上面的第二句、第四句也可以改為：

The few points the president stressed in his report are very important indeed.Here is the man you’ve been looking for.●介詞提前 在從句中，如果which或whom在定語(yǔ)從句中原為介詞的賓語(yǔ)，那么這個(gè)介詞可以提到從句之前。（但that, who不適用）例如：

The girl to whom you spoke is my sister.（＝The girl whom you spoke to is my sister.）跟你說(shuō)話(huà)的那個(gè)女孩是我妹妹。

前面說(shuō)過(guò)，在定語(yǔ)從句中，如果關(guān)系代詞做賓語(yǔ)可以省略，但是如果是介詞的賓語(yǔ)，則關(guān)系代詞省略后，介詞不能提前，例如上句可改寫(xiě)為：

The girl you spoke to is my sister.（如果關(guān)系代詞省略，to不能提前了）

（二）關(guān)系副詞引出的定語(yǔ)從句 關(guān)系副詞when（指時(shí)間），where（指地點(diǎn)），why（指原因）等引出的定語(yǔ)從句分別用來(lái)修飾表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因的先行詞。這些關(guān)系副詞在從句中均作狀語(yǔ)。例如：

1.At the time when I saw him, he was well.在我看到他的時(shí)候，他身體很好。

2.This is the place where the accident took place last night.這就是昨晚發(fā)生事故的地方。3.That is the reason why I am not in favor of your plan.這就是我不贊成你的計(jì)劃的原因。可以用介詞＋which結(jié)構(gòu)替換關(guān)系副詞。其中： when ＝ at/in/on/during which 表示時(shí)間 where ＝ in/at which 表示地點(diǎn) why ＝ for which 表示原因

1.Do you remember the day when/on which you joined our club?還記得你加入我們俱樂(lè)部的那一天嗎？

2.He will always remember the day when/on which his father returned from America.他將永遠(yuǎn)記住父親從美國(guó)返回的那一天。

3.This was the time when/at which she left for Beijing.這就是她動(dòng)身去北京的時(shí)間。4.This is the house where/in which I lived two years ago.這是我兩年前住過(guò)的房子。

5.I don’t know the reason why/for which he didn’t come to the meeting yesterday morning.我不知道他為什么沒(méi)參加昨天上午的會(huì)議。

（三）限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

定語(yǔ)從句根據(jù)與先行詞的密切程度可分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。限制性定語(yǔ)從句

限制性定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞關(guān)系密切，從句是整個(gè)句子不可缺少的部分，如果去掉它，句子的意思就不完整或不明確。從句與主句之間不用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般先譯定語(yǔ)從句，再譯先行詞。

1.The distance that light travels in one second is 300thousand kilometers.光在一秒鐘所走的距離為30萬(wàn)公里。

2.Those who want to go please sign their names here.想去的人在這里簽名。

3.This is the place where the Anti-Japanese War broke out.這里是抗日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)的地方。此外，前面所給出的例句均為限制性定語(yǔ)從句。

非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

非限制性定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞的關(guān)系比較松散，從句只是對(duì)先行詞的附加說(shuō)明。如果去掉它，句子的意思仍然清楚。從句與主句之間常用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句常單獨(dú)譯成一句。例如：

1.Steel, which has many useful properties, is widely used in the machine-building industry.鋼有許多有用的特性，所以它在機(jī)械制造業(yè)中得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用。

2.Mr.Brown, who just came from Britain yesterday, will teach us accounting this term.布朗先生昨天剛從英國(guó)來(lái)，這學(xué)期將教我們會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)。

3.She is going to spend the winter holidays in Hainan, where she has some relatives.她準(zhǔn)備到海南度寒假，那兒她有一些親戚。

（四）as引出的定語(yǔ)從句

as常在such?as和same?as的結(jié)構(gòu)中作關(guān)系代詞，引出定語(yǔ)從句。例如：

1.Such people as you describe are rare nowadays.你描述的這種人現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)寥寥無(wú)幾了。2.Let us discuss only such question as concern everyone of us.我們只討論與我們每個(gè)人有關(guān)的問(wèn)題吧。

3.I feel just the same as you do.我的感覺(jué)和你一樣。

4.My stand on this problem is just the same as it was four years ago.在這個(gè)問(wèn)題上，我的立場(chǎng)和四年前一樣。

（五）關(guān)系代詞that與which的比較

在定語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)先行詞是物時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞that和which常?？梢酝ㄓ?，但以下幾種情況需注意。

注意1 只宜于用which，不用that的情況。(1)先行詞為that，those時(shí)。

What’s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那個(gè)是什么？(2)引導(dǎo)詞（關(guān)系代詞）前有介詞時(shí)。

This is the room in which he lives.這是他居住的房間。

注意2 只宜于用that，不用which的情況。

(1)先行詞是形容詞最高級(jí)或者它的前面有形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。

The film is the most interesting that I have ever seen.這部電影是我看過(guò)的最有趣的一部。English is the most difficult subject that you will learn during these years.英語(yǔ)會(huì)是這些年你學(xué)的最難的科目。

(2)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或它的前面有l(wèi)ast或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。

It’s the first film that I saw this year.這是我今年看的第一部電影。

Tom is always the first that comes to the classroom.Tom總是第一個(gè)到教室的人。(3)主句以疑問(wèn)詞who，which開(kāi)頭時(shí)，不用which或who，以避免重復(fù)。Which is the bike that you lost? 哪輛是你丟的自行車(chē)？(4)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。

They are taiking about the sutdents and the school that they visited yesterday.他們正在談?wù)撟蛱煸L問(wèn)的學(xué)生和學(xué)校。

(5)先行詞是all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one等代詞時(shí)。You should hand in all that you have.你應(yīng)該把你有的所有上交。

We haven’t got much that we can offer you.我們沒(méi)有太多能提供給你。

Is this school the one that we are going to visit tomorrow? 這所學(xué)校是我們明天要參觀的那個(gè)嗎？

Is there anything that you want to buy? 你有什么想要買(mǎi)的東西嗎？

(6)先行詞前有no, any, few, little, all, the only, the same, the very等詞修飾時(shí)。

The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.我們能做的唯一的事就是給你一些錢(qián)。

There are no children that don’t love their parents.沒(méi)有孩子不愛(ài)他們的父母。

三、狀語(yǔ)從句

在復(fù)合句中起狀語(yǔ)作用的從句叫狀語(yǔ)從句（adverbial clause）。狀語(yǔ)從句按其意義可以分為：時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、比較、方式、讓步等類(lèi)別。下面就按狀語(yǔ)從句的類(lèi)別逐一介紹。

（一）時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句

時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句通常由下列連詞引導(dǎo)：when, whenever, as, while, since, till, until, before, after, once, as soon as, no sooner than, hardly when, scarcely when等

例如：

I will discuss this with you when we meet.我們見(jiàn)面時(shí)再與你討論這件事。

Come and see me whenever you want to.任何時(shí)候想來(lái)就來(lái)看看我。

We must strike while the iron is hot.我們必須趁熱打鐵。

As he was making his experiments, he observed this physical phenomenon.當(dāng)他在做實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)，他觀察到這個(gè)物理現(xiàn)象。

I watched her until she disappeared from sight in the distance.我看著她直到她遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)地消失在視野中。

You haven’t changed much since we met last year.自從去年我們見(jiàn)面以來(lái)，你變化不大。

He had learned English for three years before he went to London.他去倫敦之前已學(xué)了三年英語(yǔ)。

The sun came out soon after the storm stopped.暴風(fēng)雨過(guò)后不久，太陽(yáng)出來(lái)了。

I’ll send you the sample as soon as it is made ready.一旦樣品制好，我馬上給你寄去。

●注意：when, as, while的區(qū)別

區(qū)別1: when, as, while都可以表示一段持續(xù)性時(shí)間，但表示一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)時(shí)，要用when, as而不能用while。

例如：

He entered the room when/as/while the meeting was going on.正當(dāng)開(kāi)會(huì)的時(shí)候他走進(jìn)了房間。（開(kāi)會(huì)是一個(gè)持續(xù)性時(shí)間）

但是：

When/as he finished the speech, the audience burst into applause.當(dāng)他講話(huà)結(jié)束時(shí)，聽(tīng)從掌聲雷動(dòng)。（講話(huà)結(jié)束是一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)，不能用while）

區(qū)別2：when除有“當(dāng)?的時(shí)候”之意外，還有“當(dāng)?之后，然后”之意，因此從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前，只能用when 引導(dǎo)從句，不可用as 或 while。

例如：

When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.當(dāng)你干完活后，你可以休息一下。（從句動(dòng)作在主句前，只能用when）

此外，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句還可以由一些名詞引導(dǎo)，如：the moment, the instant, the minute, the second, the day, every time等。此外有些副詞也可以引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，如：instantly, directly, immediately等。

例如：

I’ll telephone you the instant I know.我一知道就立即給你打電話(huà)。

Every time I catch a cold, my nose runs.我一感冒就流鼻涕。

I came immediately I'd eaten.我一吃完飯就來(lái)了。

（二）地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句

地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句主要由：where, wherever引導(dǎo)。

Where I live there are plenty of trees.我住的地方樹(shù)很多。

You have the right to live where you want.你有權(quán)居住在你想住的地方。

Wherever I am I will be thinking of you.不管我在哪里我都會(huì)想到你。

Sit wherever you like.你想坐在哪里就坐在那里。

Wherever you go you will see great changes that have taken place in that city.不管你走到哪里，你都會(huì)看到那座城市發(fā)生的巨大變化。

（三）原因狀語(yǔ)從句

原因狀語(yǔ)從句經(jīng)常由下列連詞引導(dǎo)：because, as, since, for, in that, now(that), seeing(that), considering(that), not that?but that等。其中because通常放在主句后面（有時(shí)也可放在句首）；其語(yǔ)氣比as, since要強(qiáng)，在回答why引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，必須用because回答；since通常放在句首，常表示已為人們所知的原因或理由；語(yǔ)氣比because要弱；as可放在句首或句末，語(yǔ)氣相對(duì)更弱；for不能用于句首，只能用于主句后，for引導(dǎo)的從句并不說(shuō)明主句行為發(fā)生的直接原因，只是一種解釋?zhuān)Z(yǔ)氣要比because弱得多。

例如：

She has just missed her bus because the timetable has changed.因?yàn)槠?chē)時(shí)刻表變了，她沒(méi)有趕上汽車(chē)。

As the weather was fine, we decided to climb the mountain.因?yàn)樘鞖夂芎?，我們決定爬山。

Since he is busy, I won’t trouble him.既然他很忙，我就不打擾他了。

He felt no fear, for he was very brave.他沒(méi)有感到恐懼，因?yàn)樗苡赂摇?for不能用在句首)

in that, now(that), seeing(that), considering(that)這幾個(gè)連詞與as, since的意義相近，都有“鑒于某種事實(shí)，原因是”的意思，例如：

A gas differs from a solid in that it has no definite shape.氣體不同于固體就在于它沒(méi)有一定的形狀。

Now that all are present, let’s start the discussion.既然全都出席了，我們就開(kāi)始討論。

Seeing(that)she was seriously ill, they sent for the doctor.鑒于她病情嚴(yán)重，他們派人請(qǐng)了醫(yī)生。

not that?but that表示：“不是(因?yàn)?，而是(因?yàn)?”。

He left a bit worried, not that his students were not working hard, but that they cared little for their health.他有些著急，不是因?yàn)樗膶W(xué)生不努力學(xué)習(xí)，而是因?yàn)樗麄儾惶⒁馍眢w健康。

注意：原因狀語(yǔ)從句與結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句?？苫Q：例如：

John flew into a rage because I took no notice of him.因?yàn)槲覜](méi)有注意到約翰，他生氣了。

I took no notice of John, so that he flew into a rage.我沒(méi)有注意到約翰，結(jié)果他生氣了。

上面可以看出，原來(lái)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句變?yōu)榱酥骶?，而原?lái)的主句變?yōu)榱私Y(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。

（四）目的狀語(yǔ)從句

目的狀語(yǔ)從句通常由that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that等引導(dǎo)

例如：

They set out early that they might arrive at the station in good time.他們很早就出發(fā)了，以便及時(shí)趕到車(chē)站。

Let’s take the front seats so that we can see more clearly.我們坐前排吧，這樣可以看得更清楚一些。

We should do our utmost in order that we may be able to over fulfill the task.為了超額完成任務(wù)，我們應(yīng)該全力以赴。

He took his umbrella with him lest it rain.他帶了雨傘，以防下雨。

Batteries must be kept in dry places for fear that electricity leak away.電池一定要放在干燥的地方，以免漏電。注意有時(shí)目的狀語(yǔ)從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，例句請(qǐng)參考有關(guān)“虛擬語(yǔ)氣”的章節(jié)。

（五）結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句

結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句通常由：so that, so?that, such?that等引導(dǎo)。

例如：

He made a wrong decision, so that half of his lifetime was wasted.他作了錯(cuò)誤的決定，結(jié)果毀掉了半生。

The problem is so complicated that it will take us much time to work it out.這道題這么復(fù)雜，我們要用很多時(shí)間才能解決。

The mountain is so high that she can't climb it up to the top.那座山太高了，她無(wú)法登上山頂。

He ran so fast that his brother couldn't catch up with him.他跑得太快了，他弟弟趕不上他。

The aircraft was flying at such a high altitude that we could hardly see it.飛機(jī)飛行的高度是這么的高，以致于我們幾乎看不到它。

He is such a naughty boy that he becomes unwelcome in his neighborhood.他是那么個(gè)調(diào)皮的孩子，以至在鄰里中不受歡迎。

（六）條件狀語(yǔ)從句

條件狀語(yǔ)從句可由下列連詞引導(dǎo)：if, unless, on condition(that), suppose/supposing(that), provided/providing(that), as/so long as, in case等。

If it snows tomorrow, we will build a snowman.明天如果下雪，我們就堆雪人。

If you are not too tied, let's go out for a walk.如果你不太累，我們?nèi)ド⑸⒉健?/p>

You’ll be late unless you hurry.如果不趕快的話(huà)，你會(huì)遲到的。（unless ＝ if?not）

I’ll lend you my computer on condition(that)you keep it in good shape.如果你能保持我的計(jì)算機(jī)的良好狀態(tài)，我就可以借給你用。

Suppose we are late, what will he say?

假如我們遲到，他會(huì)說(shuō)什么？

Supposing we can’t get the necessary data, what shall we do?

假如我們弄不到必要的數(shù)據(jù)，那我們?cè)趺崔k呢？

Providing you promise not to tell anyone else, I’ll explain the secret.只要你保證不告訴任何人，我就把這個(gè)秘密講給你聽(tīng)。

In case it rains, do not expect me.萬(wàn)一下雨，就不要等我了。

He will do anything as long as it is interesting.只要有意義，他什么都愿意干。

有些條件狀語(yǔ)從句可以或必須使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，詳見(jiàn)“虛擬語(yǔ)氣”。

（七）比較狀語(yǔ)從句

比較狀語(yǔ)從句可由下列連詞引導(dǎo)：than, as?as, not so/as?as, the?the?等。

Bill is taller than Bob(is).比爾比鮑勃高。

I can walk faster than you can run.我走得比你跑得還要快。

He is a greater painter than people suppose(he is).他是一個(gè)比人們想像的更偉大的畫(huà)家。

Tom works as hard as John(dose).湯姆和約翰工作一樣努力。

Her mother is not as tall as she(is).她媽媽沒(méi)有她高.注意：than, as?as從句與主句結(jié)構(gòu)上相同的部分常省略，只留下相比較的部分。如：

I know you better than he(knows you).我比他更了解你。

注意區(qū)別：

I know you better than him.我了解你比了解他更多。

說(shuō)明：本句中的than是介詞，后面要用代詞的賓格him，而上一句的than是連詞，引導(dǎo)的是比較狀語(yǔ)從句，即使后面的成分省略，代詞也要用主格he。

但是，有時(shí)雖然從句與主句結(jié)構(gòu)相同，但意義不同，從句一般不能省略，例如：

The house is much taller than it is wide.這房子的高度比寬度大的多。

the?the?句型表示“越?越?”

The sooner, the better.越快越好。The Greater the mass of a body, the greater is its inertia.物體的質(zhì)量越大，它的慣性就越大。

Actually, the busier he is, the happier he feels.事實(shí)上，他越忙越高興。

（八）方式狀語(yǔ)從句

比較狀語(yǔ)從句可由下列連詞引導(dǎo)：as, as if/though

I did just as you told me.我正是按照你說(shuō)的辦的。

Please state the facts as they are.請(qǐng)如實(shí)地陳述事實(shí)。

It looks as if/though it’s going to rain.看起來(lái)好像要下雨了。

注意：as if引導(dǎo)的從句，即可以是陳述語(yǔ)氣，也可以是虛擬語(yǔ)氣。但兩者表達(dá)的意思不同。

例如：

He walk as if he is drunk.他走起路來(lái)好像喝醉了。（陳述語(yǔ)氣，有可能真的喝醉了）

He walk as if her were drunk.他走起路來(lái)好像喝醉了似的。（虛擬語(yǔ)氣，在說(shuō)話(huà)人看來(lái)，他并沒(méi)有喝醉）

（九）讓步狀語(yǔ)從句

讓步狀語(yǔ)從句可由下列連詞引導(dǎo)：although, though, as, even if/though, however, whatever, no matter how/what/where/when, whether?or等

although與though意義基本相同，都表示“雖然”，只是although語(yǔ)氣更重，常用于句首。

例如：

Although he is poor, he is honest.他雖然空，但是誠(chéng)實(shí)。

Air has weight, though it is very light.雖然空氣很輕，但它有重量。

注意，although, though用于引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句，but用于引導(dǎo)并列句，although, though與but不能同時(shí)使用。

Try as I might, I couldn’t lift the stone.盡管我可以試一試，但我不可能舉起那塊石頭。（要倒裝）

Even though you say so, I do not believe it.即使你這樣說(shuō)，我也不相信。

However hard he tries, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.盡管他做出努力，但他似乎從來(lái)不能令人滿(mǎn)意地完成工作。

Whatever you say she never listens.不管你說(shuō)什么，她都不聽(tīng)。

No matter where you go on the earth, you will feel the gravity.無(wú)論你走到地球的什么地方，你都會(huì)感覺(jué)到地引力。

He keeps on with his physical training in the winter no matter how cold it is.不管冬天天氣多冷，他總是堅(jiān)持體育鍛煉。

We'll start our meeting on time whether he comes or not.無(wú)論他來(lái)不來(lái)，我們將準(zhǔn)時(shí)開(kāi)會(huì)。

第四篇：定語(yǔ)從句講解

定語(yǔ)從句專(zhuān)題講解

一、基本概念：

在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。

Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now? That is the house where he lived ten years ago.定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞叫先行詞；定語(yǔ)從句一般用關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)，關(guān)系詞放在先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句之間起連接作用，同時(shí)又作從句中的一個(gè)成分。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞有：that, who, whom, whose, which，as 關(guān)系副詞有：when, where, why.二、關(guān)系詞的用法：

（一）關(guān)系代詞的用法：

1． 作主語(yǔ)用who, which和that, 如： He is the man who/that lives next door.The train which/that has just left is for Shenzhen.2． 作賓語(yǔ)用whom, who, which, that, 如：

The man(whom/who/that)we have just seen is a famous writer.Where is the book(which/that)I bought last week? 注：在非正式文體中，用于指人的關(guān)系代詞who whom, that 通常可以省略，但在正式文體中通常用whom, 不可省略；用于指物的關(guān)系代詞which和that 在非正式文體中也通常省略，但在正式文體中一般不省略。

3． 作定語(yǔ)用whose, 如：(a)He is the man whose car was stolen last week.(b)It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time.注：“whose +名詞中心詞”這一結(jié)構(gòu)在定語(yǔ)從句中既能作主語(yǔ)（如上a句），又能作賓語(yǔ)（如上b句）。whose 的先行詞常用來(lái)指人，但有時(shí)也可以用來(lái)指具體事物或抽象概念，這時(shí)可以與of which 結(jié)構(gòu)互換，詞序是：“名詞+of which”，如： They came to a house whose back wall had broken down..(= the back wall of which)He’s written a book the name of which I’ve completely forgotten.(= whose name)4． 作表語(yǔ)只用that，它既可以指人，也可以指物，但時(shí)常省略。如： He is no longer the man that he used to be.This is no longer the dirty place(that)it used to be.（二）關(guān)系副詞的用法：

1．when 指時(shí)間，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，它的先行詞通常有：time, day, morning, night, week, year 等。如：

I still remember the time when I first became a college student.Do you know the date when Lincoln was born? 注：when時(shí)?？梢允÷裕貏e是在某些句型和某些時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)中。如： Each time he came, he did his best to help us.But help never stopped coming from the day she fell ill.2．where指地點(diǎn)，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。它的先行詞常有：place, spot, street, house, room, city, town, country等。This is the hotel where they are staying.I forget the house where the Smiths lived.注：where有時(shí)也可以省略。如：

This is the place(where)we met yesterday.3． why指原因或理由，它的先行詞只有reason。如： That is the reason why he is leaving so soon.注：why時(shí)常也可以省略。如： That is the real reason he did it.(三)使用關(guān)系副詞應(yīng)注意下列幾點(diǎn)：

1． 這三個(gè)關(guān)系副詞在意義上都相當(dāng)于一定的介詞+which結(jié)構(gòu)： when = on(in, at, during?)+ which;where = in(at, on?)+ which;why = for which.如：

I was in Beijing on the day when(=on which)he arrived.The office where(=in which)he works is on the third floor.This is the chief reason why(=for which)we did it.2． 當(dāng)先行詞是表時(shí)間的time, day等和表地點(diǎn)的place, house等時(shí)，一定要注意分析從句的結(jié)構(gòu)，如果缺少主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，關(guān)系詞應(yīng)該用which或that, 缺少時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，才能用when或where，試比較：

I’ll never forget the day when my hometown was liberated.I’ll never forget the days which/that we spent together last summer.His father works in a factory where radio parts are made.His father works in a factory which/that makes radio parts.3． when和where既可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。而why 只能引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句。三．限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

1．限制性定語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明先行詞的情況，對(duì)先行詞起限定作用，與先行詞關(guān)系十分密切，不可用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，也不可省略，否則全句意義就不完整。如： This is the telegram which he refers to.Is there anything(that)I can do for you? 2．非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只是對(duì)先行詞作補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，沒(méi)有限定作用，它與先行詞的關(guān)系比較松散，因而不是關(guān)鍵性的，如果省略，原句的意義仍然完整。這種從句在朗讀時(shí)要有停頓，在文字中通常用逗號(hào)與主句隔開(kāi)。如：

This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago.As a boy, he was always making things, most of which were electric.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞有：who, whom, whose, which, when 和 where，不可以用that和why。

另外，非限制性定語(yǔ)從句從意義上講，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列句，在口語(yǔ)中使用并不普遍，在日常生活中，人們通常用并列句或簡(jiǎn)單句來(lái)表達(dá)。如：

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I told the story to John, who later did it to his brother.= I told the story to John, and he later told it to his brother.Yesterday I happened to see John, who was eager to have a talk with you.= Yesterday I happened to see John and he was eager to have a talk with you.3．兩種定語(yǔ)從句的內(nèi)涵不同，限制性定語(yǔ)從句具有涉他性，而非限制性定語(yǔ)從句具有唯一性，這在理解和翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)特別注意。試比較： All the books there, which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him.All the books there that have beautiful pictures in them were written by him.His brother, who is eighteen years old, is a PLA man.（只有一個(gè)）His brother who is a PLA man is eighteen years old.（不止一個(gè)）

4．有時(shí)，非限制性定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的不是某一個(gè)詞，而是整個(gè)主句或是主句中的一個(gè)部分，這時(shí)一般采用which或as來(lái)引導(dǎo)。當(dāng)整個(gè)主句（先行詞）在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)。

eg: He passed the exam, which/as he hoped he would.He has left here, which greatly upsets me.注：

（1）as引導(dǎo)的從句可以放在主句之前，而which引導(dǎo)的從句只能放在主句之后。They are hollow, which makes them very light.As is known to all, Taiwan is a part of China.（2）從意義上講，which指前面主句的內(nèi)容；而as指代的是作為一般人都知道的常識(shí)性的東西，因此常譯成“就象? ?那樣”。

（3）如果定語(yǔ)從句的內(nèi)容對(duì)主句的內(nèi)容起消極作用或當(dāng)非限制定語(yǔ)從句為否定時(shí)，則常用which，而不用as，如：

She stole her friend’s money, which was disgraceful.He tore up my photo, which upset me.Tom drinks a lot everyday,which his wife doesn’t like at all.5．在正式文體中，以the way為先行詞的限制性定語(yǔ)從句通常以in which或 that 引導(dǎo)，如：

The way in which you answered the questions was admirable.但在非正式文體中，人們通常省略in which或 that : The way(in which)he spoke to us was suspicious.I don’t like the way(that)you laugh at her.四．關(guān)系詞的選擇

1． 在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞作主語(yǔ)，只能用who 指人，which指物；關(guān)系代詞做賓語(yǔ)，常用whom（口語(yǔ)中有時(shí)用who）指人，which指物，它們都不能用that代替。

2． 關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語(yǔ)，不論是在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，還是在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)介詞前置時(shí)，只能用whom指人，which指物；但如果介詞后置，則不受這種限制，關(guān)系代詞還可以省去，特別是在口語(yǔ)中。如：

Do you know the boy to whom she was talking?

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Do you know the boy(that)she was talking to? The pencil(which/that)he was writing with suddenly broke.3． 在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)先行詞指物時(shí)，關(guān)系詞可用which或that，二者?？梢曰Q；但在下列情況中，只能用that，不用which：(1)當(dāng)先行詞是all, a lot,(a)little, few, much, none, anything, something, everything, nothing等詞時(shí)。如： All that can be done has been done.In this factory I saw little / much that was different from ours.(2)當(dāng)先行詞被all, any no, much, little, few, every等限定詞所修飾時(shí)。如：

We heard clearly every word that he said.(3)當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞所修飾時(shí)。如：

The first thing that should be done is to get the tickets.When people talk about Hangzhou, the first that comes to mind is the West Lake.(4)當(dāng)先行詞是形容詞最高級(jí)或被形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾，以及先行詞被序數(shù)詞和形容

詞最高級(jí)同時(shí)修飾時(shí)，如：

Is that the best that you can do? That’s the most expensive hotel that we’ve ever stayed in.This novel is the second best one that I have ever read.(5)當(dāng)先行詞被 the very, the only, the next, the last等所修飾時(shí)。如： This is the very book that I want to find.(6)當(dāng)先行詞為指人和指物的兩個(gè)并列名詞詞組時(shí)。如：

The guests spoke highly of the children and their performances that they saw at the Children’s Palace.She described in her compositions the people and places that impressed her most.(7)當(dāng)主句是以which，who,what開(kāi)頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)。如： Which is the car that killed the boy? Who is the person that is making this lecture? 4.用which而不用that的情況：

①引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句； ②代表整個(gè)主句的意思； ③介詞+關(guān)系代詞。e.g.He had failed in the maths exam,which made his father very angry.他數(shù)學(xué)考試沒(méi)有及格，這使他的父親很生氣。

This is the room in which my father lived last year.這是父親去年居住過(guò)的房子。

5.在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)，關(guān)系詞可用who(m)或that，二者?？苫Q。

但在下列情況中，用who(m)，而不用that：

(1)當(dāng)先行詞是one, ones, any, few, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody, everyone, everybody等詞時(shí)。如：

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Is there anyone who can answer this question? He was among the few who managed to live through the enemy prison camp.注：在非正式文體中可以說(shuō)：You’re the one that knows where to go.)(2)當(dāng)先行詞是he, they, those, people, person等詞時(shí)。如： He who wants to catch fish just not mind getting wet.Those who are against the proposal put up your hands.注：在固定結(jié)構(gòu)的諺語(yǔ)或習(xí)語(yǔ)中，可用he that?。如： He that promises too much means nothing.(3)當(dāng)先行詞有較長(zhǎng)的后置定語(yǔ)修飾時(shí)。如：

Do you know the writer in blue with thick glasses who is speaking at the meeting?(4)在分隔式定語(yǔ)從句中，若先行詞指人，為了明確修飾關(guān)系，應(yīng)當(dāng)用who(m)。如：

A new master will came tomorrow who will teach you German.There’s only one student in the school who/whom I wanted to see.I was the only person in my office who was invited.(5)兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句同時(shí)修飾一個(gè)指人的先行詞，第二個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句常用who(m)來(lái)引導(dǎo)，如：

She is the only girl I know who can play the guitar.6.在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)，在下列情況中，一般用關(guān)系詞that:(1)當(dāng)主句是以who或which開(kāi)頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)。如： Who is the man that is reading the newspaper over there? Which of us that knows anything does not know this?(2)當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞所修飾時(shí)。如： He is the greatest man that has ever lived.(3)當(dāng)先行詞被the only, the very, the last等詞所修飾時(shí)。如： She is the only person that understands me.7.當(dāng)先行詞被the same所修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系詞既可以用as，也可以用that。在表示具體事物時(shí)，有時(shí)兩者有一定的區(qū)別。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，表示同一種類(lèi)多用as，表示同一事物多用that。

如：This is the same instrument that I used yesterday.這就是我昨天用過(guò)的那臺(tái)儀器。

This is the same instrument as I used yesterday.這臺(tái)儀器跟我昨天用過(guò)的那臺(tái)一樣。

在抽象概念上，同種類(lèi)和同一事物是沒(méi)有絕對(duì)區(qū)別的，所以?xún)蓚€(gè)詞可換用： I have the same opinion as / that you have.這里要注意的是：

（1）使用as時(shí)，它引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)詞可以省略，但使用that時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句中 的動(dòng)詞不可省略。如： Women received the same pay as men.Women received the same pay that men received.(2)在“the same?that”結(jié)構(gòu)中，that只是用來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，強(qiáng)調(diào)“相同”。

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that可以省去而不改變句子原意，甚至連名詞前的same也可以省去。如： This is the same instrument that I used yesterday.= This is the same instrument I used yesterday.= This is the instrument I used yesterday.但在“the same?as”結(jié)構(gòu)中，same和as都不能省略。

(3)當(dāng)“the same?that”結(jié)構(gòu)中的that作為關(guān)系副詞用時(shí)，不可以直接與as互換。

如：He lives in the same building that I live.= He lives in the same building as / that I live in.Shall we meet at the same place that we last met? = Shall we meet at the same place that / as we last met at? 8.當(dāng)先行詞前有such, so, as時(shí)，關(guān)系詞應(yīng)當(dāng)用as。如： A wise man seldom talks about such things as he doesn’t understand.He spoke in such easy English as everybody could understand.At this time of the day, all buses and trolleys have to carry as many passengers as they can.It is so easy a book as every schoolboy can read.Let’s discuss such things as we can talk of freely.另需注意：

This book is written in such easy English as beginners can understand.（定語(yǔ)從句）

This book is written in such easy English that beginners can understand it.（結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句）

9.as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用來(lái)修飾整個(gè)句子。通常用下列句型：

as is known to all,as is said,as is reported, as is announced,as we all know,as I expect等。

Eg：As I expected,he got the first place again in this mid-term examination.正如我所預(yù)料的那樣，他在這次期中考試中又獲得了第一名。

第五篇：定語(yǔ)從句講解

定語(yǔ)從句講解

一、定語(yǔ)從句的概念

在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行

詞，定語(yǔ)從句一般放在先行詞的后面。

如：

He is the boy

who often goes to school late.先行詞

關(guān)系詞

定語(yǔ)從句

二、定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞

引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞，常見(jiàn)的關(guān)系代詞包括that，which，who（賓格whom，所有格whose）等，關(guān)系副詞包括where，when，why等。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞及定語(yǔ)從句之間起連接作用，同時(shí)又作定語(yǔ)從句的重要成分。

三、定語(yǔ)從句的分類(lèi)

根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞的關(guān)系，定語(yǔ)從句可分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句及非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。限制性定語(yǔ)從句緊跟先行詞，主句與從句不用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)，從句不可省去，非限制性定語(yǔ)從句主句與從句之間有逗號(hào)分開(kāi)，起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。

四、關(guān)系代詞的用法

1.that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)不可省略，作賓語(yǔ)可省略。例如：

Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂(lè)。（that作主語(yǔ)）

The coat（that）I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍(lán)色的。（that作賓語(yǔ)）

2.which用于指物，在句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作主語(yǔ)不可省略，作賓語(yǔ)可省略。例如：

The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火車(chē)站附近的那座大樓是一家超市。（作主語(yǔ)）

The film（which）we saw last night was wonderful.我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。（作賓語(yǔ)）

3.who，whom用于指人，who 用作主語(yǔ)，whom用作賓語(yǔ)。在口語(yǔ)中，有時(shí)可用who代替whom，也可省略。例如：

The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.經(jīng)常在英語(yǔ)方面幫助我的那個(gè)女孩是英國(guó)人。（作主語(yǔ)）

Who is the teacher（whom）Li Ming is talking to？正在與李明談話(huà)的老師是誰(shuí)？（作賓語(yǔ)）

注意：（1）當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句中含有介詞，介詞放在句末時(shí)，who，that，which可省略，但介詞在關(guān)系代詞前時(shí)，只能用“介詞+which/whom”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：

This is the house in which we lived last year.這是我們?nèi)ツ昃幼〉姆孔印?/p>

Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.請(qǐng)告訴我你從誰(shuí)那借的這本英文小說(shuō)。

（2）含有介詞的固定動(dòng)詞詞組中，介詞不可前置，只能放在原來(lái)的位置上。例如：

This is the person whom you are looking for.這就是你要找的那個(gè)人。

（3）that 作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，介詞不能放它的前面，只能放在從句中動(dòng)詞的后面。例如：

The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常遠(yuǎn)。

（4）關(guān)系詞只能用that的情況：

a.先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾，或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

He was the first person that passed the exam.他是第一個(gè)通過(guò)考試的人。

b.被修飾的先行詞為all，any，much，many，everything，anything，none，the one等不定代詞時(shí)，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？你在商店里有什么東西要買(mǎi)嗎？

c.先行詞被the only，the very，the same，the last，little，few 等詞修飾時(shí)，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

This is the same bike that I lost.這就是我丟的那輛自行車(chē)。

d.先行詞里同時(shí)含有人或物時(shí)，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚記得我在那個(gè)房間所見(jiàn)到的人和一些照片。

e.以who或which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句，為避免重復(fù)，只能用that.例如：

Who is the girl that is crying？ 正在哭泣的那個(gè)女孩是誰(shuí)？

f.主句是there be 結(jié)構(gòu)，修飾主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句用that，而不用which.例如：

There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.桌子上那本書(shū)是湯姆的。

（5）關(guān)系詞只能用which，而不用that 的情況：

a.先行詞為that，those時(shí)，用which，而不用that.例如：

What’s that which is under the desk？ 在桌子底下的那些東西是什么？

b.關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)，一般用which，而不用that.例如：

This is the room in which he lives.這是他居住的房間。

c.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，用which，而不用that.例如：

Tom came back，which made us happy.湯姆回來(lái)了，這使我們很高興。

五、關(guān)系副詞的用法

（1）when指時(shí)間，其先行詞表示時(shí)間，在句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。例如：

This was the time when he arrived.這是他到達(dá)的時(shí)間。

（2）where指地點(diǎn)，其先行詞表示地點(diǎn)，在句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。例如：

This is place where he works.這是他工作的地點(diǎn)。

（3）why 指原因，其先行詞是原因，起原因狀語(yǔ)作用。例如：

Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.沒(méi)人知道他為什么上學(xué)總遲到。