第一篇：2017中考英語各類從句及考點

復(fù)合句的概念：由一個主句和一個或一個以上的從句構(gòu)成。賓語從句

一．概念：在句中起到賓語的作用。二．賓語從句在句中的位置：（1）作動詞的賓語：

Everything depends on whether you agree with us.3.引導(dǎo)特殊疑問句，只

需用原來的特殊疑問詞。

（二）.語序：尤其要注意，賓語從句的語序必須是陳述語序：即主語一定在謂語例：I heard that he joined the army.前面。

She did not know what had happened.(2)作形容詞的賓語

例：I am afraid that I have made a mistake.(3)作介詞的賓語

例：Our success depends on how well we can cooperate with one another.三．常見考點分析：

（一）．連接詞：1.引導(dǎo)陳述句用that（在口語或非正式文體中常常省略）。

2.引導(dǎo)一般疑問句用if或whether。

注意：下列幾種情況通常使用whether：

（1）．在具有選擇意義又有or或or not時，尤其是直接與or not連用時，往往用whether；

例：I don’t know whether he will come back or not.（2）．在介詞之后用whether；

例：They are talking about whether he will win the game.尤其要注意whether, if以及wh-(what, why…)疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句的語序。

例：She wants to know whether I like the film.Do you know why winter is colder than summer?

（三）.時態(tài)：1.主句中謂語動詞是現(xiàn)在或?qū)頃r態(tài)時，從句中主語不受主句位于時態(tài)的影響。例：She says that she will leave a message on his desk.She says that sh has never been to Beijing.2.當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是過去時態(tài)時，從句中的時態(tài)一般為表示過去的某種時態(tài)（如一般過去時，過去進行時，過去完成時，過去將來時）

例：He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon.He said he was going to take care of the baby.3.主句謂語動詞是過去時態(tài)，賓語從句敘述某一客觀真理時，賓語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。例：She said that her father is twenty-eight years older than her.The teacher told us that light travels much faster than sound.（四）.否定轉(zhuǎn)移：當(dāng)賓語從句表示否定的意義時，若主句主語為第一人稱且謂語動詞是think / believe / suppose / expect等時，應(yīng)在主句上加以否定。

例：I don’t think you are right.I don’t believe that he has finished his work.（五）.注意if或when引導(dǎo)的賓語從句和狀語從句的不同。if / when引導(dǎo)賓語從句時，意思分別為“是否”和“何時”，此時它們的時態(tài)根據(jù)具體情況而定。if和when引導(dǎo)狀語從句時，意思分別為“如果”和“當(dāng)??的時候”，此時如果主句是一般將來時，從句部分則用一般現(xiàn)在時。

例：We are not sure if it will snow tomorrow.If it snows, we won’t climb the South Hill.狀語從句

副詞和形容詞的從句叫狀語從句。分類：時間狀語從句，地點狀語從句，原因狀語從句,目的狀語從句，結(jié)果狀語從句，條件狀語從句，方式狀語從句，讓步狀語從句和比較狀語從句。

（一）.時間狀語從句 ：

引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句的詞有：when, as, while, after, before, since, as soon as, ever since, till, until, once, whenever, no sooner …than…, hardly…when…, the moment, every time, each time, next time, directly, immediately, by the time等 1．When引導(dǎo)的狀語從句和While引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的區(qū)別：When既可以引導(dǎo)一個持續(xù)性動作也可以引導(dǎo)一個短暫性動作。While只能引導(dǎo)持續(xù)性動作。例：When引導(dǎo)的從句

I was thin when I was a child.The film had been on when we arrived.While引導(dǎo)的從句

My Mom was cooking while I was doing my homework.2．Before引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句（1）before引導(dǎo)的從句位于主句之前，一般翻譯成在…之前。

例：Before they got to the bus stop, the bus 一．概念和分類：用來修飾主句中的動詞，had gone.（2）before引導(dǎo)的從句位于主句之后，一般翻譯成…(之后)才。如果在主句中用將來時，從句要用一般時替代將來時。例：It will be half a year before I come back.He said that it would be half a year before he came back.3．Until引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。

（1）延續(xù)性動詞+until表示直到…為止。例：You may stay here until the rain stops He waited until his friends came.（2）終止性動詞或者延續(xù)性動詞的否定式+until表示直到…才

例：He didn’t go to bed until he had finished his work.They didn’t reach the village until it was dark.（3）not until放在句時，主句要用倒裝語序

例：Not until he graduated did he succeed in obtaining the compound.（直到畢業(yè)他才成功獲得這種化合物）4．表示一…就…的句型。

As soon as ,once, immediately, the moment，這類從句中經(jīng)常用一般時態(tài)替代將來時態(tài)（從句的時態(tài)）

例：I will tell him as soon as he arrives.Once you study hard, you’ll pass the

exam.The moment he comes, I will let you know.5．As的用法 主要考點：

（1）一邊。。一邊。。

例：He hurried home, looking behind as he went.Tom sings as he works.（2）強調(diào)兩個動作緊接著發(fā)生、例：As he was going out ,it began to rain.（二）地點狀語從句 由where ,wherever引導(dǎo)。

Where引導(dǎo)定語從句和狀語從句的區(qū)別：引導(dǎo)定語從句時，從句前應(yīng)該有一個表示地點的名詞作先行詞，而狀語從句前則沒有。

例：1.Go back where you came from.（狀語從句）

2．Go back to the village where you came from.（定語從句）

（三）原因狀語從句

引導(dǎo)詞：because, since, as, now that(既然)，considering that(考慮到)

because表示直接原因，語氣最強。Because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句多放在主句之后。回答由why提出的問題，只能用because。As和since語氣較弱，一般用來表示明顯的原因。由as和since引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從居多放在句首。例：（1）------Why did you do it?------I did it because I wanted to do it.（2）Since I must die I must do it.（3）As he has no car, he can’t get there easily.（四）目的狀語從句

引導(dǎo)詞：so that(為了，以便)，so(以便)，in order that(以便，這樣…就)，in case(以防)目的狀語從句的謂語經(jīng)常含有may, might, can ,could, will, would等情態(tài)動

兩種情況：1.祈使句+and/or/or else/otherwise引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果句。

例：Hurry up, or else/otherwise you’ll be late.Do that at once, or else I’ll make you do it.引導(dǎo)詞：if ,unless(除非，如果不)，so long as(只要), if only(只要)，provided that或providing(that)(假如)

1.條件狀語從句中，如果主句是一般將來時，從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來詞。

例：（1）Speak clearly so that they may 時。understand you.（目的狀語從句）

即：一般將來時，if/unless/…+一般現(xiàn)在（2）Jack is badly ill so that he

時

has to rest（結(jié)果狀語從句）

例：（1）I will go if you go.（五）結(jié)果狀語從句

（2）I won’t wait for him unless he 引導(dǎo)詞：so(結(jié)果)，so that(結(jié)果)，rings me tomorrow.so…that…（如此…以至于）,such…that

2.if +否定句相當(dāng)于not…unless+肯定句

（如此…以至于）

例：You can’t enter the hall if you have no 注意so…that…與such…that…的區(qū)別

ticket.So+adj/adv+that 從句

You can’t enter the hall unless you have such+(a,an)名詞+that從句

a ticket.例：（1）The box is so heavy that I can’t

3.條件句中的虛擬與倒裝，if引導(dǎo)的條carry it.件狀語從句如果與事實不符，應(yīng)該用虛擬

（2）She is so beautiful a girl that all of

語氣

us like her.（1）與現(xiàn)在事實相反，主句用將來時，（3）She is such a good girl that she can

從句用一般過去時，Be動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式

help you.例：If I were you ,I wouldn’t do that.（六）條件狀語從句（2）與過去事實相反，從句用過去完成時，主句謂語為would have done 例：If you had got up earlier, you would have caught the train.（3）與將來事實相反，主句是should do/would do，從句用一般過去時 例：If it rained tomorrow, we should stay at home.（七）讓步狀語從句

引導(dǎo)詞：通常有though ,although, even if, even though ,whenever, whatever, however, wherever, whichever等等。1． Though和although：用法基本一

（一）．概念：在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句。

（二）定語從句的特點：

1.先行詞：定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞 2.關(guān)聯(lián)詞：1）引出定語從句，并作從句的一個成分?？勺髦髡Z、賓語、定語、狀語，作賓語可省略。

2）關(guān)聯(lián)詞包括關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)聯(lián)詞位于先行詞和定語從句之間。關(guān)系代詞：that, which, who, whom, whose，代指先行詞。

關(guān)系副詞：when，where，why，作時間狀語。

（三）．基本結(jié)構(gòu)：先行詞+關(guān)聯(lián)詞+定語從句

（四）．關(guān)系代詞的用法： 1.that 和which

that指人或物，作主語或賓語，作賓語可省略，主語不能。

Which指物，不指人，作主語或賓語，作賓語可省略，主語不能。樣，前者口語化，后者書面化，常用于句首

例：（1）Though he is young, he knows a lot.（2）Although I am tired, I must go on working.注意：它們不能和but 連用：我們不能說：Though it was raining hard, but he still went out.應(yīng)該說：Though it was raining hard, he still went out.或It was raining hard, but he still went out.2．No matter who = whoever，同理其他也是一樣。

（八）比較狀語從句 His father works in a factory that/which 比較狀語從句通常由as?as, 比較級 +

makes Tvsets.than?等連詞引導(dǎo)。例如：

Tom runs faster than John does.This classroom is as big as that one.Who was hurt in the accident that/which

三．定語從句

happened yesterday?

The coat(which/that)I put on the desk is black.注意：The room in which I live is very big.(在介詞后面不能用that)2.只能用that不能用which引導(dǎo)的定語從句：

1)先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時，定語從句只能用that This is the most interesting story(that)I have ever heard.2）先行詞被序數(shù)詞最高級修飾時，定語從句只能用that The children like the second lesson that is about “The Football Match”.3）先行詞被the only，the very 或the same等修飾時，定語從句只能用that引導(dǎo)。It is the only word(that)I know in the passage.Where is the very book(that)I bought just now? This is the(same)bicycle(that)I lost.4）先行詞為everything，something，anything，all，none，much，little，few等不定代詞時，定語從句只能用that Here is something(that)I will tell you.I want everything(that)I want.I am writing to tell you about something very strange that happened to me last week.5)先行詞被不定代詞修飾時（all，any，no, every, little, much, many），定語從句只

能用that

Here is all the money(that)I have.6)先行詞是同時含有“人和物”的名詞時，定語從句只能用that

I can remember well the persons and some pictures(that)I see in the room..7)定語從句所修飾的詞為the one 時，定語從句用that引導(dǎo)

Is it the one（that）you want？

8）為了避免重復(fù)，在疑問詞who之后，用that 引導(dǎo)定語從句

Who is the girl that won the first place?

第二篇：2014英語中考考點匯總

2014英語考點匯總

詞法

1名詞2.冠詞 3.數(shù)詞4.形容詞 5.副詞6.代詞7.介詞8.連詞9.動詞(時態(tài)/語態(tài)/不定式/動名詞/)10.情態(tài)動詞11.圖示/情景交際

句法

簡單句

1.陳述句（肯、否）2.疑問句一般疑問句特殊疑問句選擇疑問句反意疑問句 3.祈使句4.感嘆句 5.倒裝句6.形式主/賓語 7.主謂一致 8.反意疑問句及回答

復(fù)合句

1.賓語從句2.定語從句 3.狀語從句(時間/條件/結(jié)果/原因)

文章

完型填空1閱讀理解3任務(wù)型閱讀1綜合填空1 書面表達1

2014英語考點匯總

詞法

1名詞2.冠詞 3.數(shù)詞4.形容詞 5.副詞6.代詞7.介詞8.連詞9.動詞(時態(tài)/語態(tài)/不定式/動名詞/)10.情態(tài)動詞11.圖示/情景交際

句法

簡單句

4.陳述句（肯、否）5.疑問句一般疑問句特殊疑問句選擇疑問句反意疑問句 6.祈使句4.感嘆句 5.倒裝句6.形式主/賓語 7.主謂一致 8.反意疑問句及回答

復(fù)合句

1.賓語從句2.定語從句 3.狀語從句(時間/條件/結(jié)果/原因)

文章

完型填空1閱讀理解3任務(wù)型閱讀1綜合填空1 書面表達1

第三篇：九年級英語中考賓語從句考點透視知識點分析

本資料來源于大家網(wǎng)中考英語論壇

http://club.topsage.com/forum-213-1.html

九年級英語中考賓語從句考點透視

考點一]考查賓語從句的連接詞

1.當(dāng)由陳述句充當(dāng)賓語從句時，用that引導(dǎo)。that無詞義，在口語或非正式文體中常省略。

He said________ he could finish his work before supper.(1998年武漢市)

A.if B.what C.that D.whether

2.當(dāng)由一般疑問句充當(dāng)賓語從句時，用if或whether引導(dǎo)，意為“是否”。

—Do you know _______ I could pass the exam?

—Sorry，I’ve no idea.(2003年山西省)

A.that B.whether C.what D.which

3.如果賓語從句原來是特殊疑問句，只需用原來的特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)。

These pictures will show you__________.(2003年鹽城市)

A.what does our hometown look like

B.what our hometown looks like

C.how does our hometown look like

D.how our hometown looks like

[考點二]考查賓語從句的語序

在含賓語從句的復(fù)合句中，不管主句是陳述句還是疑問句，從句一律是用“連接詞+陳述句語序”，其標(biāo)點符號由主句來決定。

He asked his teacher________.(2003年南通市)

A.if there was a monster in Loch Ness

B.when was Albert Einstein born

C.how would the scientists find out the result

D.where could he find the library

[考點三]考查主句與從句時態(tài)的呼應(yīng)

1.如果主句的謂語動詞是一般現(xiàn)在時，從句的謂語動詞可根據(jù)需要，選用相應(yīng)的任何一種時態(tài)。

Jim doesn’t understand________.(2003年遼寧省)

A.which is the way to the museum B.why his wife always goes shopping

C.what is the way to the museum D.why does she always go shopping

2.如果主句的謂語動詞是過去時，賓語從句的謂語動詞只可根據(jù)需要選用過去時態(tài)的某一種形式。

—When are the Shutes leaving for New York?

—Pardon?

—I asked________.(2003年呼和浩特市)

A.when are the Shutes leaving for New York

B.when the Shutes are leaving for New York

C.when were the Shutes leaving for New York

D.when the Shutes were leaving for New York

3.如果賓語從句表示的是客觀事實、普遍真理、自然現(xiàn)象或習(xí)慣性動作等，不管主句是什么時態(tài)，從句時態(tài)都用一般現(xiàn)在時。

The teacher told us yesterday that December 25________ Christmas Day.(2002年遼寧省)更多精品盡在大家網(wǎng)

http://

A.is B.was C.has been D.will be

4.情態(tài)動詞could，would用于“請求”，表示“委婉、客氣”的語氣時，從句不用過去時的相應(yīng)時態(tài)。

—Could you tell us how long_____?

—About three days.(2003年陜西省)

A.does the sports meeting last B.the sports meeting last

C.will the sports meeting last D.the sports meeting will last

[考點四]考查if/whether引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句還是狀語從句

if/whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句時，意思分別為“是否”和“何時”，其時態(tài)應(yīng)和主句時態(tài)相呼應(yīng);它們引導(dǎo)狀語從句時，意思分別為“如果，假如”和“當(dāng)??時候”，主句時態(tài)是一般將來時，從句時態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時。

Do you know if ______ back next week?If he_______ back，please let me know.(2002年黑龍江省)

A.he comes，will come B.will he come，comes

C.he will come，comes D.will he come，will come

[考點五]考查賓語從句的簡化

賓語從句在一定條件下，可以簡化為“特殊疑問詞+不定式”、“it+形容詞+不定式短語”、復(fù)合賓語、動詞不定式(名詞、動名詞、形容詞或副詞、過去分詞)短語、名詞和過去分詞等。

The old lady found out where she could buy fruit cheaply.(改為同義句)(2003年廣州市)

The old lady found out__________fruit cheaply.(where to buy/get)

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第四篇：2016中考英語三大從句和感嘆句練習(xí)

一、定語從句練習(xí)

1.The food __________tastes delicious is not always healthy.2.I hate TV shows ___________ are noisy and boring.3.Those boys __________ are playing basketball over there from Class Five.4.Is there anything ___________ I can do for you? 5.The woman __________ umbrella you took is angry about it.6.The student___________ father works in the factory is sitting there.7.Do you know the girl ____________Miss Gao is talking to? 8.The book _______ he bought is very interesting

二、定語從句中的謂語動詞的正確形式填空

9.He is one of the boys who ________(not)finish doing homework.10.I like films which _________(be)exciting and interesting.11.Children who often __________(eat)junk food are easy to become fat and unhealthy.12.That boy who ___________(run)fastest is from our class.13.Those boys who ___________ playing the guitar are from our school.(be)14.The trees which __________(be)watered yesterday belong to them.15.The man who __________ over there is our teacher.(stand)

16.Those boys who ___________ playing the guitar are from our school.(be)17.Mr.Brown is one of the foreign experts who _________(work)in China.三、根據(jù)語法在空白處填寫一個正確的詞。

18.I don't know _________he will come tomorrow or not.If he comes, I’ll tell you.19.---I saw David in the teacher’s office this morning.Do you know _______ he was there?

---He went there to hand in his homework.20.I asked Jack________ he made so much progress in English.21.The math problem is so difficult that no one knows __________ to work it out.22.I want to visit Tom.Can you tell me ________ Tom lives? 23.John asked ________ I could look after his pet dog while he was away.24.She said _________ she would leave a message to me on the desk.25.Mum says, “You have spent too much time playing computer games.That’s________ your eyes hurt.”

四、狀語從句練習(xí)(用unless, if, when, while, because, although, until, since等填空)1.Julie didn’t leave for her office _________ the police arrived.2.__________ everyone follows the traffic rules, there will be fewer accidents on the road.3.Father won’t allow me to play outside__________ I wash up the dishes.4.Mr.Wilson has taught in that school _________ he came to China three years ago.5._________ we keep our hearts open, we can experience the happiness friendship brings us.6.__________ they failed the soccer game again, they didn’t give up practicing.7.Alice was afraid to try the new ride.Her friend He Wei said, “ ________ you are scared, just shout or hold my hand.”

8.The restaurant is always busy at that time, __________ come a little earlier to get a table.五、感嘆句練習(xí)

1._________important it is for kids to imagine freely!2.________ a foggy day!Something must be done to solve the haze(霧螨)problem.3.Can you see _________ happily the children are playing over there? 4._________ an honest man Jack is!He never tells lies to others.2016中考英語從句和感嘆句練習(xí)5._________brave a boy!He helped his neighbor, Mr Frank, out of the fire last night.6.Teachers sometimes can’t understand ________ their students expect to pass the exams.7.--It is reported that Beijing will hold the 2022 Winter Olympic Games.---________exciting news it is!8._____ fine the weather is!Why not go to climb the mountains have a picnic there?

六、綜合練習(xí)(根據(jù)語法在空白處填詞)1.Do you know __________ beautifully she danced in the party last night!All people cheered for her.2.I will never forget the days ___________ we spent in the old town.3.I’m thinking about _______ to deal with the problem.It’s not easy to do it.4.Is that your neighbor ___________ T-shirt is red? 5.The shop ________ sells flowers is at the end of the street.6.I have already done _________ I can do to help those injured people.7.Many children showed their answers to the math problem.So let’s see ________ answer is right.8.I’d like to congratulate all the students________ are here today.I remember all of you ___________ you were just starting Grade 7 at this school.9._________ you’ve all worked very hard over the last three years, none of you did it alone.I hope you’ll remember the important people in your lives ________ helped and supported you.10.I don’t need to tell you _________ life in senior high school will be harder and that you have many difficult tasks ahead of you.11.Many young people want to be singers or actors, but they never think about _________ difficult the road to success is.12.---We still don’t know_______ built Stonehenge.---Yes, maybe one of the ancient emperors did it.七、根據(jù)短文意思和語法，在空白處填入一個適當(dāng)?shù)脑~。

Li Wen is a 15-year-old boy.He works hard and does well in school.It is hard to believe_________ he used to have difficulties in school._________ his parents moved to the city to work, they could not be home to take care of him.So he became less interested in studying.Then his parents sent him to a boarding school___________ was far away from his home.But Li found life there difficult.He told his teacher __________ he wanted to leave the school.__________, his teacher advised him to talk to his parents first.Li had a conversation with his parents.He realized __________ his parents would always love him and take pride in everything__________ he did.Then he changed a lot.Now his teacher always says, “You can not imagine_________ different this boy is!”

第五篇：英語從句[定稿]

英語從句

復(fù)雜句：由一個主句和一個或一個以上的從句構(gòu)成。主句是全句的主體，通?？梢元毩⒋嬖?；從句則是一個句子成分，不能獨立存在。

從句的分類：

名詞性從句：主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句 形容詞性從句：通常稱為定語從句。

副詞性從句：通常稱為狀語從句。包括：時間狀語從句、地點狀語從句、原因狀語從句、方式狀語從句、比較狀語從句、結(jié)果狀語從句、目的狀語從句、條件狀語從古、讓步狀語從句。

一、名詞性從句：

在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句（Noun Clauses）。名詞性從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組，它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞性從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句

1.1主語從句：

作句子主語的從句叫主語從句。主語從句通常由從屬連詞that，whether，if和連接代詞what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及連接副詞how，when，where，why等詞引導(dǎo)。that在句中無詞義，只起連接作用；連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問含義、又起連接作用，在從句中充當(dāng)從句的成分。

What he wants to tell us is not clear.他要跟我們說什么還不清楚。

如果what-分句本身明顯表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，比如what分句的動詞和補語都是復(fù)數(shù)，那么主句動詞也可用復(fù)數(shù)。

What I say and think are none of your business.That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.有時為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用形式主語it代替主語從句作形式主語放于句首，而把主語從句置于句末。主語從句后的謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。常用句型如下：It + be + 形容詞+ that從句

It is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc.)that … It is true that the sun is bigger than the earth。

Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question./ 10 1.2賓語從句：

名詞句用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。引導(dǎo)賓語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，在句中可以作謂語動詞或介詞及非謂語動詞的賓語。1.由連接詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句

由連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時，that在句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去，例如：

He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.2.用who, whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句相當(dāng)于特殊疑問句，應(yīng)注意句子語序要用陳述語序。I want to know what he has told you.1.3表語從句：

在句中作表語的從句叫表語從句。引導(dǎo)表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，表語從句位于系動詞后，有時用as if引導(dǎo)。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語+ 系動詞+ that從句。The fact is that we have lost the game.事實是我們已經(jīng)輸了這場比賽。This is where our problem lies.這就是我們的問題所在。It looks as if it is going to rain.看上去天要下雨了。

需要注意的，當(dāng)主語是reason時，表語從句要用that引導(dǎo)而不是because。The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning.常見的系動詞： be動詞（am，is，are），感官動詞（feel，look，smell，sound，taste，seem），“變得”（get，become，turn，grow），“保持”（keep，stay）

1.4同位語從句：

同位語從句說明其前面的名詞的具體內(nèi)容。同位語從句通常由that引導(dǎo)，可用于同位語從句的名詞有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如： The news that we won the game is exciting.我們贏得這場比賽的消息令人激動。

The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill.他想到可能瑪麗生病了。

二、定語從句(初級篇)：

2.1定語從句，一個簡單句跟在一名詞或代詞后進行修飾限定，就叫做定語從句。被修飾/ 10 的詞叫先行詞。定語從句不同于單詞作定語的情況，它通常只能放在被修飾的詞（即先行詞）之后。定語從句由關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞）引導(dǎo)，關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞位于定語從句句首。

關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。關(guān)系代詞包括：that、which、who、whom、whose。

關(guān)系副詞在句中作狀語。關(guān)系副詞包括：when、where、why 2.2定語從句=先行詞+關(guān)系詞+從句 先行詞：

指被定語從句修飾的名詞、代詞或句子。一般先行詞出現(xiàn)在定語從句的前面。

關(guān)系詞：關(guān)系詞常有3個作用：

1.連接作用，連接主句和定語從句。

2.指代先行詞。3.在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)成分。

2.3關(guān)系代詞：

2.3.1that(在從句中做主語或賓語)This is the desk that I borrow from my sister。This is the desk

I borrow the desk from my sister.The man that stands near Lucy comes from America.The man comes from America.the man stands near Lucy.2.3.2Which（在從句中做主語或賓語）

A prosperity which had never been seen before appears in the countryside。A prosperity had never been seen before.A prosperity appears in the countryside.The package which you are carrying is very beautiful.The package is very beautiful

You are carrying the package.2.3.3Who(在從句中做主語或賓語)Is he the man who wants to see you? Is he the man?

The man wants to see you.2.3.4Whom（在從句中做賓語）

Is he the man whom you want to see ? Is he the man?

You want to see the man.2.3.5Whose(在從句中做定語,翻譯為誰的)/ 10 Please pass me the book whose cover is green.They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down 2.4 關(guān)系副詞：

2.4.1 When(在從句中做時間狀語,翻譯為那時候)There comes a time when you have to make a choice.There comes a time you have to make a choice.I want to read this book in the morning when our memory is pretty good.I want to read this book in the morning

our memory is pretty good.2.4.2where(在從句中做地點狀語,翻譯為在那里)Dawan high school is a good school where I spend three years on study.Qingbaijiang is the place where I was born.2.4.3Why（在從句中做原因狀語通常先行詞是reason、explanation，翻譯成為什么）

We don’t know the reason why he dosen’t come to school。She didn’t tell me the reason why she refused the offer.定語從句（高級篇）

一、限定性定語從句、非限定性定語從句：

限定性定語從句對被修飾的先行詞有限定制約作用，使該詞的含義更具體，更明確。限制性定語從句不能被省略，否則句意就不完整

The book(that/ which)I am reading is very interesting.非限制性定語從句的作用是：不直接修飾先行詞，只為先行詞提供一些補充的信息，缺少也不會影響全句的理解。在非限制性定語從句的前面往往有逗號隔開 I made a card for mom, who loves me most.My hometown is Beijing, which is the capital of China.非限定性定語從句可將整個主句作為先行詞, 對其進行修飾,這時從句謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)，例如：

He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.他似乎沒理解我的意思，這使我心煩。

在非限定定語從句中，有時as也可用作關(guān)系代詞，若as在從句中作主語，其引導(dǎo)的句子可以放在句首，也可以放在句中。例如： / 10 The boy has as much progress as we had expected.As everyone knows ,China is a beautiful country with a long history.非限制性定語從句引導(dǎo)詞：which、who、whom、whose、when、where、as（注意沒有that）

My hometown is Beijing, which is the capital of China.My gardener，who is very pessimistic，says that there will be no apples this year.Peter, whom you met in London, is now back in Paris The boy, whose father is an engineer, studies very hard.He will put off the picnic until May 1st, when he will be free.They went to London，where they lived for six months.As everyone knows ,China is a beautiful country with a long history.二、“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)：

1.“介詞+ which”在關(guān)系分句中分別可作時間、地點和原因狀語，代替相應(yīng)的關(guān)系副詞when, where和why.如：

I still remember the day on which(= when)I first came to school.The factory in which(= where)I work is a large one.我工作的工廠是一個大廠子。

2.“介詞+ which（指物）/whom（指人）”在關(guān)系分句中作地點狀語，表示存在關(guān)系，關(guān)系分句主謂常須倒裝。如：

They arrived at a farm house, in front of which sat a small boy.他們來到一處農(nóng)舍，前邊坐著一個小男孩。

I saw a man, on the head of whom stood a bird.我看見一個人，他的頭上有一只鳥。3.“不定代詞或數(shù)詞+ of + which（指物）/whom（指人）”在關(guān)系分句中作主語，說明整體中的一部分。如：

China has a lot of islands, one of which is Diaoyu.There are a lot of students here, none of whom like the film.4.“介詞+ which（指物）/whom（指人）”在關(guān)系分句中作目的、方式或地點狀語。如： Could you tell me for whom you’ve bought this coat? The man, from whom I learned the news, is an engineer.5.“介詞+ which（指物）/whom（指人）”用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系分句中，作狀語，說明動作的執(zhí)行者。如：

The wolf by which the sheep was killed was shot.傷害羊的那只狼被打死了。The man by whom the wolf was shot was a good hunter.打死狼的那人是一個好獵手。/ 10 6.“名詞+ of which”代替“whose +名詞”在關(guān)系分句中作定語。如：

I saw some trees, the leaves of which(= whose leaves)were black with disease.我看見一些樹，它們的葉子因害病而發(fā)黑。

He mentioned a book, the title of which(= whose title)I’ve forgotten.7.“介詞+ which（指物）/whose（指人）”修飾后邊的名詞。如： It rained all night and all day, during which time the ship broke into pieces.雨下了一天一夜，就在這期間輪船撞碎了。

The driver was the man from whose room she had stolen the maps.司機就是那個男人，她從他的房間偷走地圖。

8.“介詞+ which +不定式”。此種用法多見于正文體中，相當(dāng)于一個帶有主語和謂語的定語從句。如：

She had only 1.87 with which to buy(= she could buy)Jim, her husband, a present.她只有一元八角七分錢，用這些錢她給丈夫吉姆買一件禮物。

三、.“as”用法：

1.“as”引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句

1.1.“such....as”

He is not such a fool as he looks.1.2.“the same....as”

This is the same book as I lost last week.(區(qū)分“the same...as”與“the same....that”：兩者都引導(dǎo)定語從句。that從句中說明的名詞與the same修飾的名詞是同一個。as從句中說明的名詞與the same修飾的名詞是同一類，而非同一個。舉例：

This is the same pen that I lost.這支鋼筆就是我丟的那一支。This is the same pen as I lost.這支鋼筆跟我丟的那支筆一模一樣。1.3.“as...as”

As many children as came were given some cakes.2.“as”引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句常用句式: As everyone knows,China is a beautiful country with a long history.as is said above 綜上所述

as is known to all 眾所周知

as is often the case 通常如此

as is reported in the newspaper 如報紙所報道的

四、關(guān)系代詞that、which在很多情況下可以替換，特殊情況下不可替換。有六種情況只可用that而不用which:

（1）不定代詞 anything, nothing, everything, all, much, few, any, little為先行詞時；

Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.（2）先行詞為 the only, the very, the just時； / 10

He is the very that helped the girl out of the water.他從水中救起了那個女孩。（3）先行詞為序數(shù)詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞或最高級時；

The first English book that I read was “The Prince and the Pauper” by Mark Twain.（4）先行詞既有人又有物時；

He talked about the teachers and school that he visited.（5）當(dāng)主句是以who或which開始的特殊疑問句時，為避免重復(fù)用that；

Who is the person that is standing at the gate?（6）關(guān)系代詞作表語時；

He is not the man that he used to be.他以前不是這樣的人。

有兩中情況只用which不用that：

（1）當(dāng)主句先行詞后有介詞時，用which。例：This is the one of which I'm speaking。（2）非限定性定語從句，用which。

五、定語從句只能“that”引導(dǎo)的情況：

1、先行詞是最高級或被最高級修飾。

This is the most interesting book that l have ever read.2、先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾。

The second foreign country that l expect to visit is Greek.3、先行詞是不定代詞時，如“all、few、little、much、anything、nothing、something”

This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy.4.、先行詞既有人又有物時

Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?

5、先行詞被“only”、“the every”、“no”、“one of”、“the right“、“the same”等修飾

He is the only person that l want to talk to.6、在以“which”、“who”、“whom” 引起的問句中，為避免重復(fù)，常用“that”

Who is the man that is standing there?

Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?

六、定語從句可以省略關(guān)系詞的情況 ：

定語從句中關(guān)系詞有時可以省略，但這只限于限制性定語從句中，在非限制性定語從句中，關(guān)系詞則不可省略。關(guān)系詞的省略主要限于以下幾個方面。如：

1.關(guān)系代詞作賓語時的省略。當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞who, whom, which和that在定語從句中用作動詞賓語或介詞位于句末時的介詞賓語時，可以省略。如： Is there anything(that)you wanted? 想要什么東西嗎? Who is the man(that / who / whom)you were talking to? 剛才和你講話的人是誰? / 10 2.關(guān)系代詞作表語時的省略。當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞that在定語從句中用作表語時，可以省略。如： China is not the country(that)it was.中國已不是過去的中國了。(that作表語)3.關(guān)系代詞作賓補時的省略。當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞that在定語從句中用作賓語補足時，可以省略。如： I’m not the madman(that)you thought me.我并不是你所認(rèn)為的那個瘋子。(that作賓語補語)4.關(guān)系副詞when的省略。用作時間狀語的關(guān)系副詞when通常不能省略但有一種特殊情況 即用于day, year, time等少數(shù)幾個詞后時可以省略(也可換成that)。如： That was the year(that)I first went abroad.就是那一年我第一次出國了。I’ll never forget the day(that)we met.我永遠也忘不了我們見面的那一天。

5.關(guān)系副詞where的省略。用作地點狀語的關(guān)系副詞where通常不能省略，但有一種特殊情況，即用于place, somewhere, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere少數(shù)幾個詞后時可以省略(也可換成that)。如：

This is the place(where)they met yesterday.這就是他們昨天碰頭的地方。Have you somewhere(that)I can lie down for an hour? 你有沒有一個什么地方可以讓我躺一個小時？

6.關(guān)系副詞why的省略。關(guān)系副詞why通常只用于the reason后引導(dǎo)定語從句，且通?？蓳Q成that或for which，均可省略。如：

That’s the reason(why, for which, that)he came.這就是他來的原因

七、區(qū)分定語從句和同位語從句：

定語從句修飾先行詞，它和先行詞是修飾關(guān)系；

同位語從句指的是在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)同位語的從句，同位語從句用來對其前面的抽象名詞進行解釋說明.是補充說明的關(guān)系。

The boy who is playing football is my classmate.（定語從句）

名詞作同位語

Mr.Wang, my child’s teacher, will be visiting us on Tuesday.The fact that the moon moves around the earth is known to all.（同位語從句）

可以跟同位語從句的名詞通常有：news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，words（消息），possibility, decision等。

三、狀語從句：

3.1.條件狀語從句:由引導(dǎo)詞if或unless引導(dǎo)的狀語從句叫做條件狀語從句。

If you fail in the exam, you will let him down./ 10 You will fail to arrive there in time unless you start earlier.3.2.時間狀語從句：用表示時間的連詞連接一個句子作狀語，這樣的復(fù)合句就是時間狀語從句。連接時間狀語從句的連接詞有：when, before, after, while, as soon as, until, since......這里要注意一點的是，如果主句是一般將來時，從句只能用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來意義，簡稱主將從現(xiàn)。

We were about to leave when he came in It will be four days before they come back。

3.3.目的狀語從句:從句部分是用以補充說明主句中謂語動詞發(fā)生的目的的狀語從句?？梢杂蓆hat, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等詞引導(dǎo).You must speak louder in order that you can be heard by all.I got up early so that I could catch the first bus 3.4.原因狀語從句：

引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的從屬連詞有because, as（由于）, since（既然）, now(that)（既然）, when（既然）, seeing(that)（由于，鑒于）, considering(that)（考慮到）, given(that)（考慮到）,for（為）等

I don’t like this computer because it is too ugly.Since you don't trust him, you should not employ him.3.5.方式狀語從句：方式狀語從句通常由as, as…so…, as if, as though, by,with引導(dǎo)。

You must try to hold the tool as I do As water is to fish, so air is to man 3.6.地點狀語從句：地點狀語從句表示地點、方位，這類從句通常由where引導(dǎo)。

I found my books where I had left them.Where there is a will, there is a way.Where 引導(dǎo)定語從句和狀語從句的區(qū)別：

where引導(dǎo)定語從句時，從句前應(yīng)有一個表示地點的名詞作先行詞；而狀語從句前則無需先行詞。

Go back where you came from.(where引導(dǎo)地點狀語從句）

Go back to the place where you came from.(where引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾place)3.7.比較狀語從句：比較狀語從句主要運用于形容詞和副詞的原級、比較級及最高級的句子之中。原級：as…as，not so（as）…as …，比較級：more…than（更）特殊引導(dǎo)詞：the more … the more … ； no … more than；not A so much as B My hometown is as beautiful as Hangzhou / 10 Nothing is more dangerous than that you make friends with him The more homework you do, the more you will get in study.3.8.結(jié)果狀語從句:so… that或such…that

The boy is so young that he can't go to school.It was so hot a day that they wanted to go swimming.3.9.讓步狀語從句:引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的連詞主要有以下這些：

though，although, while，as, even if，even though, whether...or...,no matter who/no matter what/ no matter where，whoever/whatever/wherever，regardless of…，despite，in spite of。Although/Though he was exhausted, he still kept on working.They’ll stand by you even if you don’t succeed

一個例句記住狀語從句：

雖然我不太乖但是如果媽媽今天不忙，為了給我過生她會用微信在蛋糕店買一個（讓步）（條件）（時間）（目的）（原因）（方式）（地點）足球般大小的蛋糕。（比較）（結(jié)果）/ 10