第一篇:歷年考研數(shù)學(xué)真題高等數(shù)學(xué)部分考查
歷年考研數(shù)學(xué)真題高等數(shù)學(xué)部分考查重點(diǎn)
一、函數(shù)、極限與連續(xù)
1.求分段函數(shù)的復(fù)合函數(shù);
2.求極限或已知極限確定原式中的常數(shù);
3.討論函數(shù)的連續(xù)性,判斷間斷點(diǎn)的類型;
4.無窮小階的比較;
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5.討論連續(xù)函數(shù)在給定區(qū)間上零點(diǎn)的個(gè)數(shù),或確定方程在給定區(qū)間上有無實(shí)根。
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二、一元函數(shù)微分學(xué)
1.求給定函數(shù)的導(dǎo)數(shù)與微分(包括高階導(dǎo)數(shù)),隱函數(shù)和由參數(shù)方程所確定的函數(shù)求導(dǎo),特別是分段函數(shù)和帶有絕對(duì)值的函數(shù)可導(dǎo)性的討論;
2.利用洛比達(dá)法則求不定式極限;
3.討論函數(shù)極值,方程的根,證明函數(shù)不等式;
4.利用羅爾定理、拉格朗日中值定理、柯西中值定理和泰勒中值定理證明有關(guān)命題,如證明在開區(qū)間內(nèi)至少存在一點(diǎn)滿足……,此類問題證明經(jīng)常需要構(gòu)造輔助函數(shù);
5.幾何、物理、經(jīng)濟(jì)等方面的最大值、最小值應(yīng)用問題,解這類問題,主要是確定目標(biāo)函數(shù)和約束條件,判定所討論區(qū)間;
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6.利用導(dǎo)數(shù)研究函數(shù)性態(tài)和描繪函數(shù)圖形,求曲線漸近線。三、一元函數(shù)積分學(xué)
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1.計(jì)算題:計(jì)算不定積分、定積分及廣義積分;
2.關(guān)于變上限積分的題:如求導(dǎo)、求極限等;
3.有關(guān)積分中值定理和積分性質(zhì)的證明題;
4.定積分應(yīng)用題:計(jì)算面積,旋轉(zhuǎn)體體積,平面曲線弧長,旋轉(zhuǎn)面面積,壓力,引力,變力作功等;
5.綜合性試題。
四、向量代數(shù)和空間解析幾何
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1.計(jì)算題:求向量的數(shù)量積,向量積及混合積;
2.求直線方程,平面方程;
3.判定平面與直線間平行、垂直的關(guān)系,求夾角;
4.建立旋轉(zhuǎn)面的方程;
5.與多元函數(shù)微分學(xué)在幾何上的應(yīng)用或與線性代數(shù)相關(guān)聯(lián)的題目。
五、多元函數(shù)的微分學(xué)
1.判定一個(gè)二元函數(shù)在一點(diǎn)是否連續(xù),偏導(dǎo)數(shù)是否存在、是否可微,偏導(dǎo)數(shù)是否連續(xù);
收集整理,轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出自無需積分,無需回復(fù),只要你帶寬足夠大,你資料就足夠多!大家網(wǎng)考研論壇http://club.topsage.com/forum-28-1.html http://club.topsage.com http://club.topsage.com/forum-28-1.html
2.求多元函數(shù)(特別是含有抽象函數(shù))的一階、二階偏導(dǎo)數(shù),求隱函數(shù)的一階、二階偏導(dǎo)數(shù);
3.求二元、三元函數(shù)的方向?qū)?shù)和梯度;
真正的全免
4.求曲面的切平面和法線,求空間曲線的切線與法平面,該類型題是多元函數(shù)的微分學(xué)與前面向量代數(shù)與空間解析幾何的綜合題,應(yīng)結(jié)合起來復(fù)習(xí);
5.多元函數(shù)的極值或條件極值在幾何、物理與經(jīng)濟(jì)上的應(yīng)用題;求一個(gè)二元連續(xù)函數(shù)在 一個(gè)有界平面區(qū)域上的最大值和最小值。這部分應(yīng)用題多要用到其他領(lǐng)域的知識(shí),考生在復(fù)聲費(fèi)無習(xí)時(shí)要引起注意。
六、多元函數(shù)的積分學(xué)
1.二重、三重積分在各種坐標(biāo)下的計(jì)算,累次積分交換次序;
2.第一型曲線積分、曲面積分計(jì)算;
3.第二型(對(duì)坐標(biāo))曲線積分的計(jì)算,格林公式,斯托克斯公式及其應(yīng)用;
4.第二型(對(duì)坐標(biāo))曲面積分的計(jì)算,高斯公式及其應(yīng)用;
5.梯度、散度、旋度的綜合計(jì)算;
6.重積分,線面積分應(yīng)用;求面積,體積,重量,重心,引力,變力作功等。數(shù)學(xué)一考生對(duì)這部分內(nèi)容和題型要引起足夠的重視。
七、無窮級(jí)數(shù)
1.判定數(shù)項(xiàng)級(jí)數(shù)的收斂、發(fā)散、絕對(duì)收斂、條件收斂;
2.求冪級(jí)數(shù)的收斂半徑,收斂域;
3.求冪級(jí)數(shù)的和函數(shù)或求數(shù)項(xiàng)級(jí)數(shù)的和;
4.將函數(shù)展開為冪級(jí)數(shù)(包括寫出收斂域);
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5.將函數(shù)展開為傅立葉級(jí)數(shù),或已給出傅立葉級(jí)數(shù),要確定其在某點(diǎn)的和(通常要用狄里克雷定理);
6.綜合證明題。
八、微分方程
1.求典型類型的一階微分方程的通解或特解:這類問題首先是判別方程類型,當(dāng)然,有些方程不直接屬于我們學(xué)過的類型,此時(shí)常用的方法是將x與y對(duì)調(diào)或作適當(dāng)?shù)淖兞看鷵Q,把原方程化為我們學(xué)過的類型;
2.求解可降階方程;
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3.求線性常系數(shù)齊次和非齊次方程的特解或通解;
4.根據(jù)實(shí)際問題或給定的條件建立微分方程并求解;
5.綜合題,常見的是以下內(nèi)容的綜合:變上限定積分,變積分域的重積分,線積分與路徑無關(guān),全微分的充要條件,偏導(dǎo)數(shù)等。
收集整理,轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出自無需積分,無需回復(fù),只要你帶寬足夠大,你資料就足夠多!大家網(wǎng)考研論壇http://club.topsage.com/forum-28-1.html http://club.topsage.com http://club.topsage.com/forum-28-1.html 真正的全免
第二篇:歷年考研數(shù)學(xué)真題高等數(shù)學(xué)部分考查重點(diǎn)
歷年考研數(shù)學(xué)真題高等數(shù)學(xué)部分考查重點(diǎn)
一、函數(shù)、極限與連續(xù)
1.求分段函數(shù)的復(fù)合函數(shù);
2.求極限或已知極限確定原式中的常數(shù);
3.討論函數(shù)的連續(xù)性,判斷間斷點(diǎn)的類型;
4.無窮小階的比較;
5.討論連續(xù)函數(shù)在給定區(qū)間上零點(diǎn)的個(gè)數(shù),或確定方程在給定區(qū)間上有無實(shí)根。
二、一元函數(shù)微分學(xué)
1.求給定函數(shù)的導(dǎo)數(shù)與微分(包括高階導(dǎo)數(shù)),隱函數(shù)和由參數(shù)方程所確定的函數(shù)求導(dǎo),特別是分段函數(shù)和帶有絕對(duì)值的函數(shù)可導(dǎo)性的討論;
2.利用洛比達(dá)法則求不定式極限;
3.討論函數(shù)極值,方程的根,證明函數(shù)不等式;
4.利用羅爾定理、拉格朗日中值定理、柯西中值定理和泰勒中值定理證明有關(guān)命題,如證明在開區(qū)間內(nèi)至少存在一點(diǎn)滿足……,此類問題證明經(jīng)常需要構(gòu)造輔助函數(shù);
5.幾何、物理、經(jīng)濟(jì)等方面的最大值、最小值應(yīng)用問題,解這類問題,主要是確定目標(biāo)函數(shù)和約束條件,判定所討論區(qū)間;
6.利用導(dǎo)數(shù)研究函數(shù)性態(tài)和描繪函數(shù)圖形,求曲線漸近線。
三、一元函數(shù)積分學(xué)
1.計(jì)算題:計(jì)算不定積分、定積分及廣義積分;
2.關(guān)于變上限積分的題:如求導(dǎo)、求極限等;
3.有關(guān)積分中值定理和積分性質(zhì)的證明題;
4.定積分應(yīng)用題:計(jì)算面積,旋轉(zhuǎn)體體積,平面曲線弧長,旋轉(zhuǎn)面面積,壓力,引力,變力作功等;
5.綜合性試題。
四、向量代數(shù)和空間解析幾何
1.計(jì)算題:求向量的數(shù)量積,向量積及混合積;
2.求直線方程,平面方程;
3.判定平面與直線間平行、垂直的關(guān)系,求夾角;
4.建立旋轉(zhuǎn)面的方程;
5.與多元函數(shù)微分學(xué)在幾何上的應(yīng)用或與線性代數(shù)相關(guān)聯(lián)的題目。
五、多元函數(shù)的微分學(xué)
1.判定一個(gè)二元函數(shù)在一點(diǎn)是否連續(xù),偏導(dǎo)數(shù)是否存在、是否可微,偏導(dǎo)數(shù)是否連續(xù);
2.求多元函數(shù)(特別是含有抽象函數(shù))的一階、二階偏導(dǎo)數(shù),求隱函數(shù)的一階、二階偏導(dǎo)數(shù);
3.求二元、三元函數(shù)的方向?qū)?shù)和梯度;
4.求曲面的切平面和法線,求空間曲線的切線與法平面,該類型題是多元函數(shù)的微分學(xué)與前面向量代數(shù)與空間解析幾何的綜合題,應(yīng)結(jié)合起來復(fù)習(xí);
5.多元函數(shù)的極值或條件極值在幾何、物理與經(jīng)濟(jì)上的應(yīng)用題;求一個(gè)二元連續(xù)函數(shù)在一個(gè)有界平面區(qū)域上的最大值和最小值。這部分應(yīng)用題多要用到其他領(lǐng)域的知識(shí),考生在復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)要引起注意。
六、多元函數(shù)的積分學(xué)
1.二重、三重積分在各種坐標(biāo)下的計(jì)算,累次積分交換次序;
2.第一型曲線積分、曲面積分計(jì)算;
3.第二型(對(duì)坐標(biāo))曲線積分的計(jì)算,格林公式,斯托克斯公式及其應(yīng)用;
4.第二型(對(duì)坐標(biāo))曲面積分的計(jì)算,高斯公式及其應(yīng)用;
5.梯度、散度、旋度的綜合計(jì)算;
6.重積分,線面積分應(yīng)用;求面積,體積,重量,重心,引力,變力作功等。數(shù)學(xué)一考生對(duì)這部分內(nèi)容和題型要引起足夠的重視。
七、無窮級(jí)數(shù)
1.判定數(shù)項(xiàng)級(jí)數(shù)的收斂、發(fā)散、絕對(duì)收斂、條件收斂;
2.求冪級(jí)數(shù)的收斂半徑,收斂域;
3.求冪級(jí)數(shù)的和函數(shù)或求數(shù)項(xiàng)級(jí)數(shù)的和;
4.將函數(shù)展開為冪級(jí)數(shù)(包括寫出收斂域);
5.將函數(shù)展開為傅立葉級(jí)數(shù),或已給出傅立葉級(jí)數(shù),要確定其在某點(diǎn)的和(通常要用狄里克雷定理);
6.綜合證明題。
八、微分方程
1.求典型類型的一階微分方程的通解或特解:這類問題首先是判別方程類型,當(dāng)然,有些方程不直接屬于我們學(xué)過的類型,此時(shí)常用的方法是將x與y對(duì)調(diào)或作適當(dāng)?shù)淖兞看鷵Q,把原方程化為我們學(xué)過的類型;
2.求解可降階方程;
3.求線性常系數(shù)齊次和非齊次方程的特解或通解;
4.根據(jù)實(shí)際問題或給定的條件建立微分方程并求解;
5.綜合題,常見的是以下內(nèi)容的綜合:變上限定積分,變積分域的重積分,線積分與路徑無關(guān),全微分的充要條件,偏導(dǎo)數(shù)等。
第三篇:山東大學(xué)管理學(xué)歷年考研真題部分
1999年《管理學(xué)》試題
一、名詞解釋(3*5)
正式溝通 目標(biāo)管理 組織 計(jì)劃效率 激勵(lì)
二、簡述(9*5)
1、簡述泰羅科學(xué)管理理論的主要內(nèi)容
2、簡述影響管理寬度的主要因素
3、簡述控制工作的基本原理
4、簡述科學(xué)的決策程序
5、簡述人員配備的基本過程
三、論述(任選2題 20*2=40)
1、試述影響組織結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)的主要因素及常見的組織結(jié)構(gòu)模式(五種)
2、試述“以人為中心”管理理念的產(chǎn)生的歷史必然性及其在管理實(shí)踐中的指導(dǎo)意義
3、試述現(xiàn)代管理的基本原理及相應(yīng)原則
2000年《管理學(xué)》試題
一、名詞解釋(3*5)
計(jì)劃工作 法約爾 反饋控制 非程序化決策 價(jià)值原則
二、簡答題(9*5)
1、法約爾一般管理理論的主要內(nèi)容是什么?法約爾與泰羅的管理思想有何差異?
2、期望理論的內(nèi)容是什么?據(jù)此理論應(yīng)如何激發(fā)員工的工作積極性?
3、簡述部分劃分的方法
4、簡述系統(tǒng)原理及其相應(yīng)原則
5、如何實(shí)現(xiàn)有效激勵(lì)?
三、論述題(任選2題 20*2)
1、試述當(dāng)代各種管理學(xué)派的主要觀點(diǎn),并分析評(píng)價(jià)其歷史地位及對(duì)管理的影響。
2、試述組織中職權(quán)的類型,并舉例說明在實(shí)際工作中應(yīng)如何處理好直線人員、職能人員和參謀人員三者之間的關(guān)系。
3、試述影響領(lǐng)導(dǎo)效能的主要因素,并聯(lián)系實(shí)際談?wù)勅绾翁岣哳I(lǐng)導(dǎo)效能。
2001年《管理學(xué)》試題
一、名詞解釋(5*3)
計(jì)劃
柔性管理
組織結(jié)構(gòu)
前饋控制 組織文化
二、簡述(9*5)
1、權(quán)變管理學(xué)派的主要思想是什么?
2、簡述決策的類型
3、在管理中應(yīng)如何合理的運(yùn)用職能職權(quán)?
4、簡述職務(wù)分析在組織管理中的作用
5、簡述溝通的類型及特點(diǎn)
四、論述(第一題必答,2.3任選一提)
1、評(píng)述內(nèi)容型激勵(lì)理論和過程型激勵(lì)理論,并聯(lián)系實(shí)際論述如何對(duì)員工進(jìn)行有效的激勵(lì)(25分)
2、試論述部門劃分的原則及常見的部門劃分的方法(15分)
3、跨文化管理移植的特點(diǎn)是什么?如何有效地進(jìn)行跨文化管理的移植?
2002年《管理學(xué)》試題
一、名詞解釋(3*5)亞當(dāng).斯密 勒溫的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)理論 人本原理 計(jì)劃評(píng)審技術(shù) 彼得原理
二、簡述(5*7)1.簡述人員考評(píng)的內(nèi)容及相互關(guān)系 2.如何正確認(rèn)識(shí)計(jì)劃工作中的“彈性原則”(舉例說明)
3.簡述組織生命周期理論 4.如何進(jìn)行工作設(shè)計(jì) 5.簡述領(lǐng)導(dǎo)權(quán)變理論的主要內(nèi)容
三、論述(任選2題 25*2=50)
1、試以歷史和發(fā)展的觀點(diǎn),分析和說明傳統(tǒng)的以等級(jí)制為主要特征的組織結(jié)構(gòu)向現(xiàn)代非等級(jí)制方向發(fā)展的歷史必然性
2、職業(yè)發(fā)展有幾個(gè)階段,如何認(rèn)識(shí)職業(yè)定位的模式理論及職業(yè)發(fā)展的維度?分析自己的職業(yè)定位,并制定一份職業(yè)發(fā)展規(guī)劃
3、常用的激勵(lì)方法有哪些?說明其理論根源并舉例說明其實(shí)踐意義
2003年《管理學(xué)》試題
一、名詞解釋
公平理論 動(dòng)態(tài)/人本原理 全面績效管理 事業(yè)部制 暈輪效應(yīng) 哈羅的.孔茨 計(jì)劃評(píng)審技術(shù)
二、簡答
1、系統(tǒng)管理學(xué)派
2、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)權(quán)變
3、招聘的方法過程
4、管理環(huán)境分析
5、跨文化管理移植
三、論述
1、目標(biāo)管理
2、溝通過程、障礙及改善
3、組織變革的原因
2004年《管理學(xué)》試題
一.名詞解釋(6*2.5)
1.管理創(chuàng)新 2.組織文化 3.斯金那 4.明茨伯格 5.組織結(jié)構(gòu) 6.非程序決策 二.簡答(6*10)
1.怎樣正確運(yùn)用職能職權(quán) 2.新組織結(jié)構(gòu)學(xué)派 3.有效控制系統(tǒng)特征
4.勒溫領(lǐng)導(dǎo)風(fēng)格理論 5.扁平式和直式結(jié)構(gòu) 6.簡述雙因素理論的內(nèi)容 三.論述(3*25)
1.當(dāng)代管理理論 2.內(nèi)容型激勵(lì)理論 3.簡述組織發(fā)展趨勢(shì)
2005年《管理學(xué)》試題
一.名詞解釋(15分)
預(yù)算控制 沖突 麥格雷戈 頭腦風(fēng)暴法 麥金瑟 7S 二.簡答題(60分)1.組織文化的功能是什么?2.人類需要的特點(diǎn)是什么?
3.如何進(jìn)行組織結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)?4.倫理與法律的相比有什么特點(diǎn)/倫理及法律與效益的關(guān)系?
5.熊彼得的創(chuàng)新理論是什么?6.行為決策理論的內(nèi)容? 三.論述(任選其中2題,每題25分)1.如何提高自己的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)藝術(shù)?
2.組織的職位空缺時(shí)應(yīng)通過那幾種渠道進(jìn)行補(bǔ)缺?各有什么樣的利弊?
3.企業(yè)組織計(jì)劃和組織流程再造的特點(diǎn)及過程,包含那幾部分? 四.材料試題(25)
由ABC三位大學(xué)生,10年后都升為單位的負(fù)責(zé)人,且同時(shí)參加了黨校培訓(xùn)課,在談及自己上任后的做的第一件事情的時(shí)候,他們各有說法: A的方法是:召集單位上的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)班子成員進(jìn)行集體的座談,傾聽他們的看法。
B的方法是:和單位上的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)班子成員單獨(dú)進(jìn)行談話,了解他們的心聲,聽取他們對(duì)組織未來發(fā)展的看法。
C的看法是:通過很短的時(shí)間,深入單位的基層,進(jìn)行調(diào)查研究,了解企業(yè)存在的主要問題,然后和單位的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)成員進(jìn)行商量和協(xié)商。之后,AB對(duì)C的做法很感興趣,于是C說了自己接下來做的兩件事情。
1是:辦組織的一份“報(bào)刊“。2是:召開大會(huì)進(jìn)行人事和獎(jiǎng)懲制度改革。問題: 1.三者之間,你認(rèn)為誰的方法是最好的,為什么?
AB對(duì)C的做法很感興趣,按照C的做法,你認(rèn)為AB下一步的工作將是什么?
2.三者當(dāng)選為單位的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)也不是偶然的,請(qǐng)結(jié)合材料,談一下一個(gè)優(yōu)秀的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者應(yīng)該具備什么樣的素質(zhì)?
3.結(jié)合所學(xué)知識(shí),談一下如何才能做一個(gè)成功的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者?
需要更多的歷年真題請(qǐng)聯(lián)系我索?。簒iaoquan918@126.com
第四篇:BEC 歷年真題 部分
BEC商務(wù)英語高級(jí)考試歷年真題(1)
The Negotiating Table
You can negotiate virtually anything.Projects, resources, expectations and deadlines are all outcomes of negotiation.Some people negotiate deals for a living.Dr Herb Cohen is one of these professional talkers, called in by companies to negotiate on their??behalf.He approaches the art of negotiation as a game because, as he is usually negotiating for somebody else, he says this helps him drain the emotional content from his conversation.He is working in a competitive field and needs to avoid being too adversarial.Whether he succeeds or not, it is important to him to make a good impression so that people will recommend him.The starting point for any deal, he believes, is to identify exactly what you want from each other.More often than not, one party will be trying to persuade the other round to their point of view.Negotiation requires two people at the end saying ‘yes”.This can be a problem because one of them usually begins by saying “no”.However, although this can make talks more difficult, this is often just a starting point in the negotiation game.Top management may well reject the idea initially because it is the safer option but they would not be there if they were not interested.It is a misconception that skilled negotiators are smooth operators in smart suits.Dr Cohen says that one of his strategies is to dress down so that the other side can relate to you.Pitch your look to suit your customer.You do not need to make them feel better than you but, For example, dressing in a style that is not overtly expensive or successful will make you more approachable.People will generally feel more comfortable with somebody who appears to be like them rather than superior to them.They may not like you but they will feel they can trust you.Dr Cohen suggests that the best way to sell your proposal is by getting into the world of the other side.Ask questions rather than give answers and take an
interest in what the other person is saying, even if you think what they are saying is silly.You do not need to become their best friends but being too clever will alienate them.A lot of deals are made on impressions.Do not rush what you are saying---put a few hesitations in , do not try to blind them with your verbal dexterity.Also, you should repeat back to them what they have said to show you take them seriously.Inevitably some deals will not succeed.Generally the longer the negotiations go on, the better chance they have because people do not want to think their investment and energies have gone to waste.However , joint venture can mean joint risk and sometimes , if this becomes too great , neither party may be prepared to see the deal through.More common is a corporate culture clash between companies, which can put paid to any deal.Even having agreed a deal, things may not be tied up quickly because when the lawyers get involved, everything gets slowed down as they argue about small details.De Cohen thinks that children are the masters of negotiation.Their goals are totally selfish.They understand the decision-making process within families perfectly.If Mum refuses their request , they will troop along to Dad and pressure him.If al else fails, they will try the grandparents, using some emotional blackmail.They can also be very single-minded and have an inexhaustible supply of energy for the cause they are pursuing.So there are lesson to be learned from watching and listening to children.Dr Cohen treats negotiation as a game in order to
A put people at ease
B remain detached
C be competitive
D impress rivals Many people say “no” to a suggestion in the beginning to
A convince the other party of their point of view
B show they are not really interested
C indicate they wish to take the easy option
D protect their company’s situation Dr Cohen says that when you are trying to negotiate you should
A adapt your style to the people you are talking to
B make the other side feel superior to you
C dress in a way to make you feel comfortable.D try to make the other side like you According to Dr Cohen, understanding the other person will help you to
A gain their friendship
B speed up the negotiations
C plan your next move.Dconvince them of your point of view Deals sometimes fail because
A negotiations have gone on too long
B the companies operate in different ways
C one party risks more than the other.D the lawyers work too slowly Dr Cohen mentions children’s negotiation techniques to show that you should
A be prepared to try every route
B try not to make people feel guilty
C be careful not to exhaust yourself
D control the decision-making process.關(guān)于negotiating techniques的文章。傳統(tǒng)的閱讀題型,相對(duì)比較容易。
15題,答案很明顯:he says this helps him drain the emotional content from his conversation。幫助他抽離他的談話中的感情成分。要想選對(duì),只需要知道選項(xiàng)B中detached的含義:not reacting to or becoming involved in something in an emotional way
16題,這題貌似只能采取排除法。因?yàn)閹讉€(gè)選項(xiàng)和原文的對(duì)應(yīng)都不是太明顯。問為什么很多人在一開始要對(duì)一個(gè)建議說“不”。答案是第二段的最后一句:Top management may well reject the idea initially because it is the safer option but they would not be there if they were not interested.。最高管理層在一開始可能會(huì)拒絕這個(gè)建議,因?yàn)檫@樣是一個(gè)更安全的選擇。但是如果他們真的不感興趣的話,他們就不會(huì)在那里(談判)了。A在這段文字中沒有提到,B不對(duì),他們肯定是感興趣的,C也不對(duì)沒有提到,原文說的是safer option。選D,之所以會(huì)拒絕,因?yàn)閺木S護(hù)公司利益的角度,這樣是一個(gè)safer option。
17題,答案也很明顯:Dr Cohen says that one of his strategies is to dress down so that the other side can relate to you.這里的兩個(gè)詞組可以解釋下:
dress down: to wear clothes that are more informal than the ones you would usually wear relate to :to feel that you understand someone's problem, situation etc
所以這個(gè)句子意思是穿的不那么正式,這樣可以讓另一方接近你。也就是A說的是你的風(fēng)格適應(yīng)你的談判對(duì)象。C不對(duì),不是make you feel comfortable,而是make others feel comfortable。D也不對(duì),可能會(huì)誤選,不是讓別人喜歡你,like太夸張了,只是容易接近。
18題,答案在第四段的第一句話:Dr Cohen suggests that the best way to sell your proposal is by getting into the world of the other side.。走進(jìn)另一方的世界,就是原文說的understanding the other person,目的是為了sell your proposal,也就是讓對(duì)方接受你的建議,選D。
19題,談判失敗的原因,答案是第五段的這么一句:More common is a corporate culture clash between companies, which can put paid to any deal。公司文化沖突導(dǎo)致的。文化沖突,就是兩個(gè)公司在運(yùn)作、理念等等上的不一致,選C:兩個(gè)公司以不同的方式運(yùn)作。
20題,為什么要借鑒小孩子的辦法,原文最后一段提到小孩子的辦法就是,爸爸不行
找媽媽,媽媽不行就在感情上敲詐爺爺奶奶。此路不通就換另一條,就是A說的嘗試每一條路線。B沒有提到,C不對(duì),原文說小孩子有inexhaustible supply of energy。D也沒有提到。
BEC商務(wù)英語高級(jí)考試歷年真題(2)
The Scientific Approach to Recruitment
When it(0)to selecting candidates through interview, more often than not the decision is made within the first five minutes of a meeting.??Yet employers like to(21)themselves that they are being exceptionally thorough in their selection processes.In today’s competitive market place, the(22)of staff in many organizations is fundamental to the company’s success and, as a result , recruiters use all means at their disposal to(23)the best in the field.One method in particular that has(24)in popularity is testing , either psychometric testing, which attempts to define psychological characteristics , or ability£aptitude testing(25)an organization with an extra way of establishing a candidate’s suitability for a role.It(26)companies to add value by identifying key elements of a position and then testing candidates to ascertain their ability against those identified elements.The employment of psychometric or ability testing as one(27)of the recruitment process may have some merit, but in reality there is no real(28), scientific or otherwise, of the potential future performance of any individual.The answer to this problem is experience in interview techniques and strong definition of the elements of each position to be(29)as the whole recruitment process is based on few real certainties, the instinctive decisions that many employers make, based on a CT and the first five minutes of a meeting, are probably no less valid than any other tool employed in the(30)of recruitment.21.A suggest B convince C advise D believe
22.A worth B credit C quality D distinction
23.A secure B relies C attain D achieve
24.A lifted B enlarged C expanded D risen
25.A provides B offers C contributes D gives
26.A lets B enables C agrees D admits
27.A portion B member C share D component
28.A extent B size C amount D measure
29.A occupied B met C filled D appointed A business B topic C point D affair
《The scientific approach to recruitment》,招人的科學(xué)方法。這篇完型比較簡單。完型填空也有兩種題型,兩種解題思路。一種是從意思上理解然后做出選擇,一種是根據(jù)單詞的用法。前者比較容易,后者很考驗(yàn)語言功底。
21題,理解上下文的意思。前面說招人時(shí)的決定一般是在五分鐘以內(nèi)做出的。但是雇主們?cè)噲D使自己詳細(xì)相信他們?cè)谔暨x過程中是經(jīng)過了深思熟慮的。Convince oneself,使確信。其他的詞沒有這個(gè)用法。
22題,員工的質(zhì)量對(duì)公司的成功是至關(guān)重要的。選quality。
23題,招人者試圖利用一切方法來抓住這個(gè)領(lǐng)域最好的(人才),secure the best,抓住最好的。realise是實(shí)現(xiàn),attain是獲得,后面不能接人,achieve是實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)目標(biāo)。
24題,rise in popularity,固定搭配,popularity是知名度的意思,這個(gè)詞組應(yīng)該可以翻譯成聲名鵲起。
25題,provides with,提供。給組織提供另外一種方法。offer的用法是offer sb sth,contribute在這里意思不對(duì)。
26題,是公司能夠增加價(jià)值,enable
27題,這題的意思很明顯,測(cè)試(testing)作為招聘過程的一個(gè)組成部分,要區(qū)分選項(xiàng)的幾個(gè)單詞,尤其是portion和component,看英英解釋。
Component:one of several parts that together make up a whole machine, system etc
Portion:a part of something larger, especially a part that is different from the other parts
這里強(qiáng)調(diào)testing是一個(gè)組成部分,沒有說明特殊的地方,選component。
28題,對(duì)每個(gè)人未來的可能表現(xiàn)沒有一個(gè)真正的衡量。選measure。
29題,fill a position,填補(bǔ)空位,fill在這里的意思是to perform a particular job, activity, or purpose in an organization, or to find someone or something to do this。不能選occupy,因?yàn)閛ccupy更強(qiáng)調(diào)人的一種主動(dòng),而這里只是客觀說某個(gè)需要填補(bǔ)的職位。
30題,in the business of,也是一種固定的說法,在什么的過程中。很多場(chǎng)合都可以使用??梢远嗫磶讉€(gè)例句:
We’re in the business of stimulating the economy(By Obama)
Energetics is a specialist management consultancy in the business of climate change
BEC商務(wù)英語高級(jí)考試歷年真題(3)
There is a commonly held view that the only way to get(0)decent pay increase is to move on: to go out into the job market and find someone(31)is prepared to pay you a figure more in line(32)the talents you can offer.Whilst changing employers from time(33)time is something we probably all need to do to advance our careers in the directions we want them to take, it is nevertheless an activity that carries quite definite risks.Irrespective of(34)well we research prospective employers, a new job is still largely a step into the unknown.It may turn(35)to be a good move or it could prove to be a complete disaster : most of us(36)had
experience of both.The point here, though, is that changing employers is not something we want to be doing all the time and certainly not(37)time we feel the urge for better pay.We’d(38)taking more risks than we needed to just to achieve a pay rise.Getting a pay rise should always be viewed(39)a serious business.There are no quick fixes or gold methods with “ guaranteed “ results.Quick fixes only serve to trivialize the issues and could(40)some circumstances get you into very serous trouble indeed.答案及解析
關(guān)于加薪的文章,教你怎么樣實(shí)現(xiàn)加薪。這道題目不難,但是拋開題目,單說文章里談的加薪的方法,各位還是要辯證的看。要想人生第一份工作就找到自己滿意的,是挺難,可是以加薪為目的跳槽,也未必是什么明智的好辦法。
31題,太明顯的定語從句,前面是someone,那么當(dāng)然填入表示人的關(guān)系代詞who。
32題,in line with,和什么一致,固定搭配,在中級(jí)的選詞版完型里??嫉竭@個(gè)詞組。這句的意思是,找個(gè)一個(gè)愿意給你提供和你才能更加一致的薪水的人。
33題,from time to time,時(shí)不時(shí)的。changing employers from time to time,時(shí)不時(shí)的換老板。
34題,Irrespective of,同regardless of一樣,后面接讓步狀語從句,不管我們對(duì)可能的雇主研究的多么好,新的工作都是一個(gè)未知數(shù)。用how well。
35題,turn out to be,固定用法。
36題,換工作,要么是個(gè)好的舉措,要么將成為災(zāi)難。而我們大多數(shù)人這兩種經(jīng)歷都有。有這種經(jīng)歷,是過去完成時(shí),用have+done。
37題,理解前后文意思。換老板不是件我們經(jīng)常愿意做的事情,并且也不是一想要加薪就要換老板。用every time,表示每次要加薪就準(zhǔn)備換老板。
38題,這題有點(diǎn)難度,考驗(yàn)人的語法功底。首先這個(gè)句子是虛擬語氣,We’d是we would的縮寫,而不是we had。是表示對(duì)將來的假設(shè),我們要承擔(dān)更多的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。所以用would be。
39題,比較明顯的,view as,將什么視作什么。
40題,和circumstance相關(guān)的詞組,很容易想到under/on some circumstance,在某種情況下。
BEC商務(wù)英語高級(jí)考試歷年真題(4)Genuine feedback would release resources to be used elsewhere.Managers are expected to enable their staff to work effectively.Experts are unlikely to facilitate a move to genuine feedback.There are benefits when methods of evaluating performance have been negotiated.Appraisals tend to focus on the nature of the face-to-face relationship between employees and their line managers.The idea that employees are responsible for what they do seems reasonable.Despite experts’ assertion, management structures prevent genuine feedback An increasing amount of effort is being dedicated to the appraisal process.A
Performance appraisal is on the up and up.It used to represent the one time of year when getting on with the work was put on hold while enormous quantities of management hours were spent in the earnest ritual of rating and ranking performance.Now the practice is even more frequent.This of course makes it all the more important how appraisal is conducted.Human resources professionals claim that managers should strive for objectivity and thus for feedback rather than judgement.But the simple fact of the matter is that the nature of hierarchy distorts the concept of feedback because performance measure are conceived hierarchically.Unfortunately, all too many workers suffer from the injustices that this generates.B
The notion behind performance appraisal-that workers should be held accountable for their performance-is plausible.However, the evidence suggests that the premise
is wrong.Contrary to assumptions appraisal is not an effective means of performance improvement-it is judgement imposed rather than feedback, a judgement imposed by the hierarchy.Useful feedback , on the other hand, would be information that told both the manager and worker how well the work system functioned, and suggested ways to make it better.C
Within the production system at the car manufacturer Toyota, there is nothing that is recognizable as performance appraisal.Every operation in the system has an associated measure.The measure has been worked out between the operators and their manager.In every case, the measure is related to the purpose of the work.That measure is the basis of feedback to the manager and worker alike.Toyota’s basic idea is expressed in the axiom “bad news first”.Both managers and workers are psychologically safe in the knowledge that it is the system-not the worker –that is the primary influence on performance.It is management’s responsibility to ensure that the workers operate in a system that facilitates their performance.D
In many companies , performance appraisal springs from misguided as assumptions.To judge achievement, managers use date about each worker’s activity, not an evaluation of the process or system’s achievement of purpose.The result is that performance appraisal involves managers’ judgement overruling their staff’s, ignoring the true influences on performance.Thus the appraisal experience becomes a question of pleasing the boss, particularly in meetings, which is psychologically unsafe and socially driven, determining who is “in” and who is “ out”.E
When judgement is replaced by feedback in the true sense, organizations will have a lot more time to devote to their customers and their business.No time will
be wasted in appraisal.This requires a fundamental shift in the way we think about the organization of performance appraisals, which almost certainly will not be forthcoming from the human resources profession.關(guān)于員工評(píng)估和反饋的文章。一個(gè)組織內(nèi)部的上下級(jí)溝通真的太重要了。
第一題,說真正的反饋可以釋放用在別處的資源。意思上真正的反饋可以讓人騰出精力。答案是E段的第一句:When judgement is replaced by feedback in the true sense, organizations will have a lot more time to devote to their customers and their business。這題的意思還算比較明顯,feedback in the true sense,就是genuine feedback,devote to their customers and the business,就是把資源釋放在別的地方。
第二題,說經(jīng)理們是被期望著使員工工作得更有效率。答案是C段的最后一句:It is management’s responsibility to ensure that the workers operate in a system that facilitates their performance.經(jīng)理們的責(zé)任,也就是managers are expected to,有利于他們的表現(xiàn),就是enable their staff to work effectively。
第三題,說專家不大可能有利于真正反饋的進(jìn)程。答案是E段的最后一句:which almost certainly will not be forthcoming from the human resources profession。人力資源專家,就是experts。需要理解下這里的forthcoming的含義:willing to divulge information.(人)愿意透露消息的。專家們不愿意透露消息,也就是不能指望專家來facilitate。
第四題,說商討評(píng)估表現(xiàn)的方法是有利的。答案是在C段,有點(diǎn)分散。前面說The measure has been worked out between the operators and their manager。這個(gè)措施是在操作者和經(jīng)理們之間擬定的。between the operators and managers,也就是評(píng)估表現(xiàn)的方法是被商討了的。后面介紹的情況都是這個(gè)measure有多么的好:is the basis of feedback。綜合起來,就是選項(xiàng)說的,商討是有好處的。
第五題,說評(píng)估傾向聚焦于員工和他們直屬經(jīng)理們之間面對(duì)面關(guān)系的性質(zhì)。這個(gè)選項(xiàng)可能會(huì)弄的人一頭霧水,首先得弄明白這里的面對(duì)面關(guān)系指的是什么。員工和直屬經(jīng)理的關(guān)系,就是上下級(jí)的關(guān)系,過分看重這個(gè)關(guān)系,那么在評(píng)估過程中就會(huì)有顧慮,誰還敢揭自己上司 的短?所以這個(gè)句子的意思是說評(píng)估過程中有顧忌,無人敢說真話。答案是D段的這么一句:Thus the appraisal experience becomes a question of pleasing the boss。評(píng)估過程成了討好自己的老板,說的就是這個(gè)意思。
P.S:這是我個(gè)人對(duì)這道題的理解,大家有異議,可以提。
第六題,說員工對(duì)他們所作負(fù)責(zé)的想法聽起來很合理。答案是B段的第一句:The notion behind performance appraisal-that workers should be held accountable for their performance-is plausible。這里的accountable就是負(fù)有責(zé)任。Plausible是貌似真實(shí)的,也就是seems reasonable。
第七題,說雖然有專家們的主張,管理層的結(jié)構(gòu)阻止了真正的反饋。答案是A段的這么一句:the simple fact of the matter is that the nature of hierarchy distorts the concept of feedback。管理層的機(jī)構(gòu),就是這句里提到的the nature of hierarchy,等級(jí)制的性質(zhì)。這個(gè)單詞在BEC閱讀里常出現(xiàn)。distort,扭曲,就是選項(xiàng)里的prevent。
第八題,說在評(píng)估過程中投入了更多的努力。答案是A段的這么一句,有點(diǎn)隱晦:Now the practice is even more frequent.This of course makes it all the more important how appraisal is conducted.這個(gè)句子是緊跟上文的,the practice指的就是appraisal。評(píng)估的更頻繁,評(píng)估是怎么進(jìn)行的顯得更加重要。認(rèn)為更加重要了(makes it all the more important),就會(huì)投入更多努力了。綜合起來,這些的意思就是評(píng)估過程投入了更多的努力。不太容易看出來。
BEC商務(wù)英語高級(jí)考試歷年真題(5)
In the last few years, managers throughout industry have seen more changes than many of them could have expected to see in their entire working lives having to communicate information which often leads to feelings of insecurity has become a key activity.From being regarded as relatively unimportant in many companies , management employee communication has become a central corporate need.Concordia International provides a good example of a company that has adjusted
well to the changing needs for communication.since 1995 , Concordia has been turned inside-out and upside-down, to ensure that it is a marketing –led, customer-responsive business, one that looks outwards at customers and competitors, rather than inwards at its own processes and the way things were done in the past.In the last eight years, Concordia has reduced its workforce by more than 80.000 peopleor 35%-on a voluntary basis, with further downsizing anticipated.減少了80000員工(或者說減少了35%的員工),預(yù)期還會(huì)減少更多。A選項(xiàng)是對(duì)的,made redundant是前面某套題目閱讀的第五部分考過的詞組;B不對(duì),沒有完成(completed),因?yàn)轭A(yù)期還會(huì)裁減更多(with further downsizing anticipated);C也不對(duì),迷惑性最大,reduced its workforce of 80.000,用了介詞of,所以這句的意思是一共就80000員工,而實(shí)際情況是減少了80000
員工;D不對(duì),35%的員工被裁減,都是在自愿的基礎(chǔ)上的,而不是離開的人中有35%是自愿的。
16題,問根據(jù)此人的觀點(diǎn),溝通的角色是什么。也就是問溝通的目的或者作用是什么。答案在第三段。溝通是為了幫助人樹立自信,說服他們雖然要面臨一些變化,但是同樣也會(huì)擁有一些新的機(jī)會(huì)。說白了,就是鼓勵(lì)這些被裁的人。答案選C,強(qiáng)調(diào)變化的積極方面。這里的positive aspects是對(duì)前面說的bring with them new opportunities的一個(gè)概括。(想起了電影《在云端》,up in the air,里面那個(gè)老男人的工作就是職業(yè)裁員專家,專門對(duì)被裁的人說些這樣的話。)
17題,問調(diào)查顯示大多數(shù)人對(duì)change的反應(yīng)是什么。這題在答案中也很明顯,但是選項(xiàng)很糾結(jié)。都有點(diǎn)似是而非。The second category, usually the majority, may respond to threatened changes with a feeling of having been let down.,and even feel anger at the company for what they see as changing the terms of their employment.大多數(shù)員工的反應(yīng)就是很失望,甚至?xí)軕嵟?。個(gè)人覺得這題出的不夠嚴(yán)謹(jǐn),沒有哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)能嚴(yán)格從原文中提煉出來。對(duì)比下D要好點(diǎn),因?yàn)閷?duì)公司失望和憤怒,就是覺得受到了不公正的待遇。此題有待高手補(bǔ)充更完美的理由。
18題,問溝通過程主要依賴于什么。答案是第五段的這句:people prefer to get their information face-to-face from their line managers。喜歡面對(duì)面的從直屬經(jīng)理那里獲取信息。所以選C,個(gè)人的交流。
19題,問組織內(nèi)部提供信息的指導(dǎo)準(zhǔn)則是什么。最后一段的第一句就是:The general rule in company communication is to tell employees as much as you can as soon as you can。盡可能的快,盡可能的多。不能提供細(xì)節(jié)的,至少給個(gè)大致的背景消息(put the news in context)。時(shí)機(jī)成熟了,再告知更多。選B:在可能的最早的階段讓人有個(gè)總體的印象。
20題,給文章選標(biāo)題。這種題在BEC的閱讀里還真不多見。選標(biāo)題,就是要挑選文章的最主要意思,從整體上把握文章的main ideas。這篇文章通篇說的就是communication,前面介紹了溝通的背景:裁員;接著說了員工對(duì)裁員的反應(yīng);然后最后兩段,一段說員工喜
歡什么樣的溝通方式,一段說溝通的原則是什么。綜合起來,就是關(guān)于怎樣進(jìn)行有效溝通的問題。選B。A不對(duì),片面了,只是文中某部分的內(nèi)容,并且這部分內(nèi)容是為后面做背景介紹,不是主要的;C不對(duì),不是簡單的research,research僅僅是介紹狀況,文章還有關(guān)于實(shí)現(xiàn)措施的。
BEC商務(wù)英語高級(jí)考試歷年真題(6)
The Negotiating Table
You can negotiate virtually anything.Projects, resources, expectations and deadlines are all outcomes of negotiation.Some people negotiate deals for a living.Dr Herb Cohen is one of these professional talkers, called in by companies to negotiate on their behalf.He approaches the art of negotiation as a game because, as he is usually negotiating for somebody else, he says this helps him drain the emotional content from his conversation.He is working in a competitive field and needs to avoid being too adversarial.Whether he succeeds or not, it is important to him to make a good impression so that people will recommend him.The starting point for any deal, he believes, is to identify exactly what you want from each other.More often than not, one party will be trying to persuade the other round to their point of view.Negotiation requires two people at the end saying ‘yes”.This can be a problem because one of them usually begins by saying “no”.However, although this can make talks more difficult, this is often just a starting point in the negotiation game.Top management may well reject the idea initially because it is the safer option but they would not be there if they were not interested.It is a misconception that skilled negotiators are smooth operators in smart suits.Dr Cohen says that one of his strategies is to dress down so that the other side can relate to you.Pitch your look to suit your customer.You do not need to make them feel better than you but, For example, dressing in a style that is not
overtly expensive or successful will make you more approachable.People will generally feel more comfortable with somebody who appears to be like them rather than superior to them.They may not like you but they will feel they can trust you.Dr Cohen suggests that the best way to sell your proposal is by getting into the world of the other side.Ask questions rather than give answers and take an interest in what the other person is saying, even if you think what they are saying is silly.You do not need to become their best friends but being too clever will alienate them.A lot of deals are made on impressions.Do not rush what you are saying---put a few hesitations in , do not try to blind them with your verbal dexterity.Also, you should repeat back to them what they have said to show you take them seriously.Inevitably some deals will not succeed.Generally the longer the negotiations go on, the better chance they have because people do not want to think their investment and energies have gone to waste.However , joint venture can mean joint risk and sometimes , if this becomes too great , neither party may be prepared to see the deal through.More common is a corporate culture clash between companies, which can put paid to any deal.Even having agreed a deal, things may not be tied up quickly because when the lawyers get involved, everything gets slowed down as they argue about small details.De Cohen thinks that children are the masters of negotiation.Their goals are totally selfish.They understand the decision-making process within families perfectly.If Mum refuses their request , they will troop along to Dad and pressure him.If al else fails, they will try the grandparents, using some emotional blackmail.They can also be very single-minded and have an inexhaustible supply of energy for the cause they are pursuing.So there are lesson to be learned from watching and listening to children.Dr Cohen treats negotiation as a game in order to
A put people at ease
B remain detached
C be competitive
D impress rivals Many people say “no” to a suggestion in the beginning to
A convince the other party of their point of view
B show they are not really interested
C indicate they wish to take the easy option
D protect their company’s situation Dr Cohen says that when you are trying to negotiate you should
A adapt your style to the people you are talking to
B make the other side feel superior to you
C dress in a way to make you feel comfortable.D try to make the other side like you According to Dr Cohen, understanding the other person will help you to
A gain their friendship
B speed up the negotiations
C plan your next move.D convince them of your point of view Deals sometimes fail because
A negotiations have gone on too long
B the companies operate in different ways
C one party risks more than the other.D the lawyers work too slowly Dr Cohen mentions children’s negotiation techniques to show that you should
A be prepared to try every route
B try not to make people feel guilty
C be careful not to exhaust yourself
D control the decision-making process.關(guān)于negotiating techniques的文章。傳統(tǒng)的閱讀題型,相對(duì)比較容易。
15題,答案很明顯:he says this helps him drain the emotional content from his conversation。幫助他抽離他的談話中的感情成分。要想選對(duì),只需要知道選項(xiàng)B中detached的含義:not reacting to or becoming involved in something in an emotional way
16題,這題貌似只能采取排除法。因?yàn)閹讉€(gè)選項(xiàng)和原文的對(duì)應(yīng)都不是太明顯。問為什么很多人在一開始要對(duì)一個(gè)建議說“不”。答案是第二段的最后一句:Top management may well reject the idea initially because it is the safer option but they would not be there if they were not interested.。最高管理層在一開始可能會(huì)拒絕這個(gè)建議,因?yàn)檫@樣是一個(gè)更安全的選擇。但是如果他們真的不感興趣的話,他們就不會(huì)在那里(談判)了。A在這段文字中沒有提到,B不對(duì),他們肯定是感興趣的,C也不對(duì)沒有提到,原文說的是safer option。選D,之所以會(huì)拒絕,因?yàn)閺木S護(hù)公司利益的角度,這樣是一個(gè)safer option。
17題,答案也很明顯:Dr Cohen says that one of his strategies is to dress down so that the other side can relate to you.這里的兩個(gè)詞組可以解釋下:
dress down: to wear clothes that are more informal than the ones you would usually wear
relate to :to feel that you understand someone's problem, situation etc
所以這個(gè)句子意思是穿的不那么正式,這樣可以讓另一方接近你。也就是A說的是你的風(fēng)格適應(yīng)你的談判對(duì)象。C不對(duì),不是make you feel comfortable,而是make others feel comfortable。D也不對(duì),可能會(huì)誤選,不是讓別人喜歡你,like太夸張了,只是容易接近。
18題,答案在第四段的第一句話:Dr Cohen suggests that the best way to sell your proposal is by getting into the world of the other side.。走進(jìn)另一方的世界,就是
原文說的understanding the other person,目的是為了sell your proposal,也就是讓對(duì)方接受你的建議,選D。
19題,談判失敗的原因,答案是第五段的這么一句:More common is a corporate culture clash between companies, which can put paid to any deal。公司文化沖突導(dǎo)致的。文化沖突,就是兩個(gè)公司在運(yùn)作、理念等等上的不一致,選C:兩個(gè)公司以不同的方式運(yùn)作。
20題,為什么要借鑒小孩子的辦法,原文最后一段提到小孩子的辦法就是,爸爸不行找媽媽,媽媽不行就在感情上敲詐爺爺奶奶。此路不通就換另一條,就是A說的嘗試每一條路線。B沒有提到,C不對(duì),原文說小孩子有inexhaustible supply of energy。D也沒有提到。
BEC商務(wù)英語高級(jí)考試歷年真題(7)
Sweet smell of excess-for just £ 47.874 a bottle
The marketing says it is the “ ultimate symbol of indulgence and truly impeccable taste”.A new scent, named V1, has(0)launched for Christmas-retailing at just £47.874.The makers are proudly promoting it(31),the “ world’s most expensive perfume” and are confident of selling the limited edition of 173 bottles-(32)it should be exactly 173 bottles is not made clear in the publicity for the product.Although carefully priced at just under the £50.000 mark, this perfume is clearly(33)something for anyone who considers £30 too much to pay for a bottle of eau-de-toilette.Those(34)are potential customers will certainly be reassured to learn that a case covered in rubies and diamonds is included free(35)charge.Purchasers are assured of further savings, with unlimited scent refills guaranteed indefinitely-at no extra cost.The fragrance is the idea of Arfaq Hussain, a 27-year-old clothes designer who first made a name(36)himself with an air-conditioned jacket he was asked to make
by the singer Michael Jackson(37)far, Mr Jackson is the only person to(38)placed an order-he wants two, according to Mr Hussain.Mr Hussain is unconcerned at having no previous experience of perfumery.“ It’s so(39)more than a perfume----it’s a piece of jewellery, too.” explained Mr Hussain.He attempted to describe the £47.874 sensation.“ it is delicate , fragrant and quite unique.When you open the lid, it takes you totally away.It’s just(40)being surrounded by thousands of wild flowers and roses.這是高級(jí)閱讀部分的一個(gè)新題型。不僅中級(jí)里面沒有,一般的英語考試也沒有。填詞版的完形填空。乍一看會(huì)覺得很難,有點(diǎn)像是主觀題。其實(shí)題型什么的都是次要的,都是借著題型這個(gè)外殼考察語言功底。只要基本功夠扎實(shí),完全可以通過摸準(zhǔn)不同題型的特點(diǎn)來做出正確的答案。
具體說BEC H里的填詞版完型,里面填入的詞主要是連詞、介詞和代詞,一般不會(huì)讓你填入那種需要發(fā)揮超級(jí)想象力才能想得出的形容詞和動(dòng)詞。做題的思路有兩種,一種是固定用法、常見表達(dá),一種是從語法角度分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),來判斷句子缺失的成分。
這篇文章講的是一種昂貴的新型香水,走的是高端路線。
31題,這題答案很明顯。圣誕發(fā)布的香水,制作者打算將它開發(fā)成“世界上最昂貴的香水”(most expensive perfume),promote?.as,將什么給開發(fā)成什么。
32題,要從意思和句子結(jié)構(gòu)上進(jìn)行分析。前面說發(fā)售限量版的173瓶香水,后面一個(gè)破折號(hào)做進(jìn)一步的說明。從意思上看,詞組made clear很關(guān)鍵,表原因的;而從句子成分上看,這里就是關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的從句在句子中充當(dāng)補(bǔ)充成分。而能夠表示原因的關(guān)系代詞,是why。
33,34,35,這三道題也很明顯。33題從意思上做,這個(gè)香水肯定是不適合認(rèn)為30英鎊的香水很貴的人,所以是填not,表否定;34題,those who的搭配,應(yīng)該夠的上條件反射的級(jí)別,those who are potential customer,那些是潛在客戶的人;35題,free of charge,免費(fèi),固定搭配。
36題,這題考察的也是一個(gè)固定搭配,make a name for oneself,使?出名。這個(gè)香
水的創(chuàng)意來自一個(gè)服裝設(shè)計(jì)師,而此人最早出名是因?yàn)檫~天王讓他制作了一件空調(diào)夾克(air-conditioned jacket)。
37題,截止目前邁天王是唯一的下了訂單的人。So far,截止目前。
38題,下了訂單。have done,表示完成的意思。
39題,理解句子的意思+固定用法的使用。這個(gè)句子的意思很明顯:它不僅僅是一瓶香水,它還是一件珠寶。所以空格前后搭配的意思應(yīng)該是不僅僅。用so much more than。例如:so much more than just a home。
40題,最后幾句話都是夸贊這個(gè)香水的。多么的精致獨(dú)特。而當(dāng)你打開香水的時(shí)候,你整個(gè)人都被take away了,就像是被成千上萬的野花和玫瑰簇?fù)碇?。說香水,卻扯到wild flowers和rose上面去了,所以是比喻,用like。
BEC商務(wù)英語高級(jí)考試歷年真題(8)
The Scientific Approach to Recruitment
When it(0)to selecting candidates through interview, more often than not the decision is made within the first five minutes of a meeting.Yet employers like to(21)themselves that they are being exceptionally thorough in their selection processes.In today’s competitive market place, the(22)of staff in many organizations is fundamental to the company’s success and, as a result , recruiters use all means at their disposal to(23)the best in the field.One method in particular that has(24)in popularity is testing , either psychometric testing, which attempts to define psychological characteristics , or ability£aptitude testing(25)an organization with an extra way of establishing a candidate’s suitability for a role.It(26)companies to add value by identifying key elements of a position and then testing candidates to ascertain their ability against those identified elements.The employment of psychometric or ability testing as one(27)of the recruitment
process may have some merit, but in reality there is no real(28), scientific or otherwise, of the potential future performance of any individual.The answer to this problem is experience in interview techniques and strong definition of the elements of each position to be(29)as the whole recruitment process is based on few real certainties, the instinctive decisions that many employers make, based on a CT and the first five minutes of a meeting, are probably no less valid than any other tool employed in the(30)of recruitment.21.A suggest B convince C advise D believe
22.A worth B credit C quality D distinction
23.A secure B relies C attain D achieve
24.A lifted B enlarged C expanded D risen
25.A provides B offers C contributes D gives
26.A lets B enables C agrees D admits
27.A portion B member C share D component
28.A extent B size C amount D measure
29.A occupied B met C filled D appointed A business B topic C point D affair
《The scientific approach to recruitment》,招人的科學(xué)方法。這篇完型比較簡單。完型填空也有兩種題型,兩種解題思路。一種是從意思上理解然后做出選擇,一種是根據(jù)單詞的用法。前者比較容易,后者很考驗(yàn)語言功底。
21題,理解上下文的意思。前面說招人時(shí)的決定一般是在五分鐘以內(nèi)做出的。但是雇主們?cè)噲D使自己詳細(xì)相信他們?cè)谔暨x過程中是經(jīng)過了深思熟慮的。Convince oneself,使確信。其他的詞沒有這個(gè)用法。
22題,員工的質(zhì)量對(duì)公司的成功是至關(guān)重要的。選quality。
23題,招人者試圖利用一切方法來抓住這個(gè)領(lǐng)域最好的(人才),secure the best,抓住最好的。realise是實(shí)現(xiàn),attain是獲得,后面不能接人,achieve是實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)目標(biāo)。
24題,rise in popularity,固定搭配,popularity是知名度的意思,這個(gè)詞組應(yīng)該可以翻譯成聲名鵲起。
25題,provides with,提供。給組織提供另外一種方法。offer的用法是offer sb sth,contribute在這里意思不對(duì)。
26題,是公司能夠增加價(jià)值,enable
27題,這題的意思很明顯,測(cè)試(testing)作為招聘過程的一個(gè)組成部分,要區(qū)分選項(xiàng)的幾個(gè)單詞,尤其是portion和component,看英英解釋。
Component:one of several parts that together make up a whole machine, system etc
Portion:a part of something larger, especially a part that is different from the other parts
這里強(qiáng)調(diào)testing是一個(gè)組成部分,沒有說明特殊的地方,選component。
28題,對(duì)每個(gè)人未來的可能表現(xiàn)沒有一個(gè)真正的衡量。選measure。
29題,fill a position,填補(bǔ)空位,fill在這里的意思是to perform a particular job, activity, or purpose in an organization, or to find someone or something to do this。不能選occupy,因?yàn)閛ccupy更強(qiáng)調(diào)人的一種主動(dòng),而這里只是客觀說某個(gè)需要填補(bǔ)的職位。
30題,in the business of,也是一種固定的說法,在什么的過程中。很多場(chǎng)合都可以使用??梢远嗫磶讉€(gè)例句:
We’re in the business of stimulating the economy(By Obama)
Energetics is a specialist management consultancy in the business of climate change
Time for a new career
“l(fā)osing your job isn’t the end of the world: it gives you’re the chance the a new beginning(0)says Caroline Poole, 30, Who was made redundant(31)her role
as head of marketing campaigns with an insurance group two years ago.The news was a blow, especially after a successful nine-year career with the business, but she was determined to see redundancy(32)a positive force for change.(33)it seemed a tough lesson at the time, redundancy was the catalyst that redirected my career, “ says Caroline “It gave me the break I needed to understand(34)my career objectives lay.”
Working with a consultant, Caroline explored a number of work options that oppealed to her.She also took advantage of workshops on issues(35)as setting up your own business, and managing your finances.A key consideration for her was(36)easy it would be to balance working in London with home life 100 kilometers away.She was encouraged to network(37)other marketing professionals and via this route made contact with a communications agency.She took time out to go travelling , and on her return was offered a role in the agency.(38)was proof to her that she still had marketable skills.Two years(39)from redundancy, Caroline is planning another career break.“ The experience of redundancy has made me view my options with more confidence.I now know that I can dictate my own career path, even(40)it were to mean resigning first and then taking time to find the right direction” she says.填詞版的完形填空,關(guān)于失業(yè)之后該如何開始新的職業(yè)生活的。這些文章讀多了,對(duì)人是會(huì)有啟發(fā)的。此外,這種題型也很考驗(yàn)人的語言功底,短語積累和基本的語法知識(shí)是必不可少的。
31題,考查的是固定搭配。這里的意思很明顯,是指這個(gè)女的在自己的職位上被開除了,make redundant是商業(yè)英語里的地道說法:Follow a fair and legal process when it's necessary to dismiss staff on the grounds of redundancy.如果是made redundant,后面的介詞用from,可以看個(gè)例句:Just been made redundant from your last job?
32題,比較簡單,see as,將什么視為。將失業(yè)視為改變的積極動(dòng)力。
33題,雖然是艱難的一課(a tough lesson),還是改變了我的職業(yè)方向(redirect my career),有轉(zhuǎn)折的意思,although和though。
34題,這是個(gè)定語從句,當(dāng)中要填入的是關(guān)系代詞。給了我需要的時(shí)間,來弄明白我的職業(yè)目標(biāo)放在哪。用where。
35題,這題很明顯,舉例的,用such as。
36題,分析這個(gè)句子的成分。前面是a key consideration,做主語,有個(gè)was,是謂語,was后面的是賓語。在賓語成分里出現(xiàn)了it would be to balance?..這樣的完整的句子,所以空格部分應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)詞,引導(dǎo)從句,并且這個(gè)詞所接從句必須倒裝。滿足這個(gè)要求的詞是how。(How引導(dǎo)的狀語從句要求部分倒裝)
37題,network with,詞組:connect as or operate with a network,將?連成網(wǎng)。
38題,還是個(gè)定語從句。一個(gè)完整的句子,缺乏關(guān)系代詞來銜接,要用which。關(guān)鍵在于要識(shí)別出這里的定語從句,否則很難往那上面想。在做這類題目時(shí),如果一個(gè)句子各種成分都很齊全,而且比較長,那么是從句的可能性很大,要根據(jù)上下文的意思來判斷填入的代詞。題目做多了,會(huì)培養(yǎng)出這方面的警覺性。
39題,two years on,固定說法,兩年以后,兩年過去了。
40題,很容易聯(lián)想到even if或者是even though,只能填if不能填though。這是兩個(gè)意思和用法都不同的詞組。even if,即便,帶有假設(shè)的意思,后面接虛擬語氣;even though,即使,表示既定事實(shí)。40空后面的句子是虛擬語氣,因此這個(gè)題目只能填if。
第五篇:復(fù)旦大學(xué)歷年考研真題
復(fù)旦大學(xué)新聞學(xué)研究生考試歷年真題(-)714新聞基礎(chǔ)
一、名詞解釋(8'*3)
1新聞要素
2信息娛樂(infotainment)
3《二十世紀(jì)之支那》
二、簡答(12'*3)
1《傳媒的四種理論》
2群體具有很大的作用,其影響傳播過程的手段和方式。
3北洋軍閥統(tǒng)治時(shí)期新聞法制的特點(diǎn)
三、論述(30'*3)
1什么是“軟實(shí)力”和“國家形象”?結(jié)合近年我國國際傳播的實(shí)際,說明??(才過一天我就忘了麼)
2什么是媒介間議程設(shè)置?新媒體環(huán)境下,我國媒介議程設(shè)置有何特點(diǎn)?
3鄒韜奮的生涯
820新聞實(shí)務(wù)
一、簡答(10'*4)
1新聞價(jià)值和新聞?wù)叩年P(guān)系
2網(wǎng)絡(luò)媒體對(duì)傳統(tǒng)媒體新聞的加工有哪些手段
3新聞?dòng)浾邞?yīng)該如何妥善運(yùn)用自己的實(shí)名微博
4采寫批評(píng)性報(bào)道的注意事項(xiàng)
二、論述(25'*2)
1我國報(bào)紙應(yīng)該如何報(bào)道十八屆三中全會(huì)《中共中央關(guān)于全面深化改革若干重大問題的決定》
2結(jié)合實(shí)例或?qū)嶋H,論述新聞敏感的內(nèi)容和培養(yǎng)途徑
三、操作(30'*2)
1將通訊改寫成消息,500字以內(nèi),制作主體類標(biāo)題。給出的材料是中央巡視組巡視之后的反饋,一首一尾外加主體是十個(gè)組分別的反饋情況。
2根據(jù)給出材料寫500左右的評(píng)論,需要有評(píng)論標(biāo)題。
材料如下:
大學(xué)新生到校先交免責(zé)協(xié)議
東莞理工城市學(xué)院:協(xié)議是宿舍文明約定
南方日?qǐng)?bào)訊(見習(xí)記者/靳延明記者/吳少敏)昨日,東莞理工學(xué)院城市學(xué)院5000多名新生完成報(bào)到,他們踏入校園的第一件事,就是與校方簽訂《學(xué)生管理與學(xué)生自律協(xié)議書》。協(xié)議書明確:“學(xué)生本人對(duì)自殺、自傷引起的后果承擔(dān)責(zé)任”。
進(jìn)校園先交協(xié)議書
一個(gè)月前,來自潮州的李軍收到錄取通知書,發(fā)現(xiàn)一同寄來的還有《學(xué)生管理與學(xué)生自律協(xié)議書》。協(xié)議書第三章第二十七條共列舉了5種由學(xué)生承擔(dān)責(zé)任的情況,其中第5項(xiàng)協(xié)議規(guī)定,學(xué)生本人對(duì)自殺、自傷引起的后果承擔(dān)責(zé)任。
這位大一新生很反感:“這個(gè)就相當(dāng)于學(xué)校給你提供吃、住的場(chǎng)所,但不顧你是否健康成長。我們?cè)趯W(xué)校出事了,學(xué)校難道沒有一點(diǎn)責(zé)任?”在14日和昨日開學(xué)報(bào)到的兩天里,5000多名新生同時(shí)把這份由學(xué)生與家長簽訂好的協(xié)議書交給校方。
條款引起學(xué)生熱議
不久前,在東莞理工學(xué)院城市學(xué)院,一名男生因求愛不成而在宿舍里刀捅女生。為此,協(xié)議書引起了新生的議論。一名新生說,“我覺得怪怪的,覺得學(xué)校缺乏人文關(guān)懷,只會(huì)用冷冰冰的協(xié)議來推卸責(zé)任?!币幻律议L對(duì)這項(xiàng)規(guī)定表示不滿,他說,自己把孩子送到這里,是希望學(xué)校有個(gè)安全的環(huán)境,讓家長放心,放手讓孩子成長,“如果孩子在學(xué)校出事了,我們第一反應(yīng)會(huì)找學(xué)校要說法,畢竟我們信任這個(gè)學(xué)校,才將孩子送到這里?!?/p>
不過,也有學(xué)生表示理解,因?yàn)榇髮W(xué)生自殺和自傷可以由很多因素造成,例如感情問題、家庭問題、人際問題等,這些因素不一定全是學(xué)校造成的。大學(xué)生過了18周歲就成年了,有對(duì)自己負(fù)責(zé)的義務(wù)。大部分學(xué)校會(huì)提供心理健康咨詢,但有些同學(xué)有自閉傾向,不愿咨詢。這些同學(xué)如果有自殺、自傷行為,就應(yīng)該自己負(fù)責(zé)。
校方稱簽協(xié)議早存在
記者就此事采訪了校方相關(guān)負(fù)責(zé)人。該負(fù)責(zé)人告訴記者,協(xié)議的意義類似“溫馨提示”,是對(duì)學(xué)生的文明約定,目的是告知新生在宿舍需要注意的事項(xiàng),從而實(shí)現(xiàn)要求自律的目的。例如,學(xué)生不遵守宿舍紀(jì)律,攀爬陽臺(tái)而掉到樓下受傷,那就要自負(fù)責(zé)任了。
該負(fù)責(zé)人表示,這份協(xié)議書的條款存在多年了,并非針對(duì)不久前發(fā)生的“情傷事件”。事實(shí)上,沒有這樣一份協(xié)議書,學(xué)生違反了紀(jì)律,也會(huì)受到相應(yīng)處罰,而學(xué)校要負(fù)起的責(zé)任,也不會(huì)因?yàn)檫@份協(xié)議書隨意地推卸。
此類條款是無效的
21世紀(jì)教育研究院副院長熊丙奇告訴記者,這樣的條款并非東莞理工學(xué)院城市學(xué)院一家獨(dú)有,很多高校都存在類似的“自殺免責(zé)”條款,而實(shí)際上此類條款是無效的。
熊丙奇說,“簽訂協(xié)議書被認(rèn)為是一種安全教育方式,可見對(duì)學(xué)生教育的方式多么簡單、粗暴,這與家長讓孩子簽訂不犯錯(cuò)誤協(xié)議書,有何差別呢?”
2007年新聞傳播學(xué)基礎(chǔ)試題
一、名詞解釋(5分*8)
1.新聞本源 2.“第四種權(quán)利” 3.受眾 4.新聞體制 5.創(chuàng)新擴(kuò)散理論 6.《知新報(bào) 》 7.《修正報(bào)紙條例》 8.《大眾生活》
二、簡答題(15分*3)
1、新聞傳媒與社會(huì)輿論之關(guān)系
2、什么是客觀性報(bào)道及所體現(xiàn)的客觀性報(bào)道原則?說說它對(duì)目前中國新聞實(shí)踐有什么意義?
3、簡述1956年《人民日?qǐng)?bào)》改版的三個(gè)重點(diǎn)。
三、論述題(第一道30分,第二道35分)
1、簡要敘述《申報(bào)》的發(fā)展史,并評(píng)述它在新聞史上的地位?
2、什么是新聞事業(yè)的雙重屬性?說說新聞傳媒業(yè)的資本運(yùn)作對(duì)中國新聞事業(yè)的影響?
2006年新聞傳播學(xué)基礎(chǔ)試題
一、名詞解釋(4題×5分,共20分)
1、《欽定報(bào)律》
2、新聞選擇
3、傳播模式
4、奧斯邦
二、簡答題(3題×20分,共60分)
1、簡述我國新聞媒介的運(yùn)行模式及其理論依據(jù)。
2、試論美國“議程設(shè)置”和我國“輿論導(dǎo)向”之不同。
3、簡述二十世紀(jì)四十年代確立的中共黨報(bào)理論的基本內(nèi)容。
三、論述題(2題×35分,共70分)
1、“食品安全”是近年來的報(bào)道熱點(diǎn),比如金華毒火腿事件、阜陽嬰兒奶粉事件、“蘇丹紅”事件、啤酒甲醛事件等等。請(qǐng)選擇其中兩個(gè)(或兩個(gè)以上)個(gè)案,運(yùn)用新聞傳播學(xué)理論對(duì)媒介報(bào)道做對(duì)比分析,并闡述你對(duì)大眾媒介的社會(huì)角色、社會(huì)責(zé)任的認(rèn)識(shí)。
2、試述中國近代報(bào)業(yè)(自1815年至1911年)發(fā)展的基本脈絡(luò),并舉出各個(gè)發(fā)展階段具有代表性的重要報(bào)刊。
2005年新聞傳播學(xué)基礎(chǔ)試題
一、名詞解釋(每題6分,共30分)
1、信息
2、輿論
3、《大清報(bào)律》
4、《中國報(bào)學(xué)史》
5、《我們關(guān)于新聞學(xué)的基本觀點(diǎn)》
二、簡答題(每題10分,共30分)
1、談?wù)勀銓?duì)新聞娛樂化的理解。
2、分析新聞傳播的社會(huì)控制。
3、寫出5份中共中央機(jī)關(guān)報(bào)的名稱,并簡述之。
三、論述題(每題30分,共90分)
1、論作為社會(huì)現(xiàn)象的新聞。
2、閱讀以下材料,以《論媒體》為題作文。我國首次全國國民閱讀傾向調(diào)查顯示,從閑暇時(shí)間對(duì)媒介的利用看,人數(shù)最多的是電視,其次是報(bào)紙、雜志、圖書和廣播,對(duì)錄音制品、錄像制品及計(jì)算機(jī)的利用,也有相當(dāng)多的人。休息日人們對(duì)各種媒介的接觸機(jī)會(huì)小于工作日,但長時(shí)間利用媒介的人增多。雖然上網(wǎng)的人數(shù)不多,但是上網(wǎng)的時(shí)間卻遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于對(duì)書報(bào)刊的使用時(shí)間。絕大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為,在當(dāng)代社會(huì)中,讀書的作用對(duì)于個(gè)人的生存和發(fā)展越來越重要。從讀書的目的看,男性偏重實(shí)用性和開闊眼界、滿足興趣愛好,女性偏重提高個(gè)人修養(yǎng)、滿足與人交往和應(yīng)付考試。此次調(diào)查的內(nèi)容涉及各階層人員對(duì)各種媒體的購買、使用情況和趨勢(shì)。
3、試述梁啟超對(duì)中國新聞事業(yè)的貢獻(xiàn)。
2004年新聞傳播學(xué)基礎(chǔ)試題
一、名詞解釋
1、媒介公共性
2、新聞法規(guī)
3、大眾傳播
4、文化工業(yè)
5、《報(bào)紙條例》
6、《每周評(píng)論》
二、簡答題
1、技術(shù)在新聞傳播媒介形態(tài)的變化中有什么樣的作用?
2、簡要介紹傳播學(xué)四大奠基人和側(cè)重研究方向。3、1945-46年間《新華日?qǐng)?bào)》和《大公報(bào)》就和戰(zhàn)問題的兩次交鋒?
三、論述題
1、論述效果研究的三大階段。2、1942年整風(fēng)運(yùn)動(dòng)后,《解放日?qǐng)?bào)》做了哪些改革?
3、閱讀下面的材料,以“論新聞”為題作文。
材料一是《南周》原來報(bào)道過的 “金元寶”事件,2000年山西一地區(qū)金礦爆炸,負(fù)責(zé)人為防事情暴露,給記者行賄,從而導(dǎo)致11名記者被處分,四名新華社記者,為此,新華社著重強(qiáng)調(diào)記者職業(yè)道德。
材料二是今年5月《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》的4個(gè)版的因?yàn)樘摷傩侣劦牡狼?,一記者在四年任期?nèi)造30多篇假新聞,《時(shí)報(bào)》聲譽(yù)降至歷史最低點(diǎn),從而導(dǎo)致正負(fù)總編同時(shí)辭職。
根據(jù)材料寫一篇“論新聞”的評(píng)論。
2004新聞傳播學(xué)基礎(chǔ)試題(單考生)
一、名詞解釋(每題6分,共30分)
1、硬新聞
2、新聞法規(guī)
3、廉價(jià)報(bào)
4、傳播學(xué)的三大分支
5、《中國報(bào)學(xué)史》
二、簡答題(每題15分,共30分)
1、新聞傳媒的社會(huì)功能有哪些?
2、什么是議程設(shè)置?
三、論述題(每題45分,共90分)
1、結(jié)合中國新聞傳媒發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀,闡述競(jìng)爭對(duì)新聞傳媒業(yè)發(fā)展的意義和影響。
2、經(jīng)過1942-1945年的黨報(bào)整風(fēng)與改革,中共確立了黨報(bào)工作的優(yōu)良作風(fēng)是什么?請(qǐng)結(jié)合實(shí)際談?wù)勗诋?dāng)今的歷史條件下如何發(fā)揚(yáng)光大這些優(yōu)良作風(fēng)。
2003年新聞傳播學(xué)基礎(chǔ)試題 一.名詞解釋(7個(gè)×5分)
1.媒介即訊息 2.弱效果理論 3.黃遠(yuǎn)生的四能 4.熱血日?qǐng)?bào) 5.勞動(dòng)界 6.新聞?wù)鎸?shí)性
二.簡答(4個(gè)×10分)
1.某航空公司一飛機(jī)失事,若你是《人民日?qǐng)?bào)》;《申江服務(wù)導(dǎo)報(bào)》;《南方周末》記者,你將怎樣組織報(bào)道重點(diǎn)且說出原因。
2.傳播的線性模式,控制論模式,社會(huì)系統(tǒng)模式的異同?以及由此看出傳播學(xué)研究的發(fā)展?
3.清末的重要新聞法規(guī)? 4.輿論在民主社會(huì)的功能。三.論述(3個(gè)×25分)
1.利用新聞媒體的社會(huì)角色和運(yùn)行機(jī)制分析香港《東周刊》刊登女星裸照事件并發(fā)表看法。
2.論述新聞把關(guān)人理論。材料提供俄國家杜馬禁止發(fā)表有關(guān)車臣戰(zhàn)爭等反恐新聞和莫斯科人質(zhì)劫持事件的新聞。
3.論述五四時(shí)期《新青年》的發(fā)展過程。
2002年新聞與傳播理論試題
一、填空(10 分)
1.輿論的特點(diǎn)是。2.信息的特點(diǎn)是。3.傳播學(xué)的三大分支是。
4.關(guān)于傳播結(jié)構(gòu)(過程)研究的主要模式有。
5.20 世紀(jì) 70 年代以來,關(guān)于傳播效果研究的主要理論有。
二、名詞解釋(20 分)、硬新聞 2、新聞體制 3、宣傳 4、媒介即訊息 5、實(shí)地調(diào)查法
三、簡答(20 分)、怎樣理解新聞媒介的雙重屬性? 2、何謂“兩個(gè)環(huán)境”理論?試概述其要點(diǎn)。
四、論述(50 分)、何謂受眾的細(xì)分?當(dāng)前我國的新聞媒介該如何應(yīng)對(duì)受眾的分層化趨向? 2、關(guān)于信息流程的研究有哪些主要成果?試聯(lián)系新聞媒介工作實(shí)際,簡述其啟迪意義。
2002年中外新聞事業(yè)史試題
一、名詞解釋(30分)
1、《遐邇貫珍》
2、《大清報(bào)律》
3、奧斯邦
4、北巖爵士
5、哈瓦斯通訊社
6、KDKA電臺(tái)
二、簡答題(30分)
1、鄒韜奮主編過哪七個(gè)報(bào)刊?請(qǐng)簡介之。
2、1956年《人民日?qǐng)?bào)》改版的重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容有哪幾個(gè)方面?
3、為什么發(fā)展中國家要開展?fàn)幦〗⑹澜鐐鞑バ轮刃虻亩窢帲?/p>
三、論述題(40分)
1、試論中國同盟會(huì)機(jī)關(guān)報(bào)《民報(bào)》在輿論宣傳上的歷史功績。
2、試論新民主主義革命時(shí)期中共中央機(jī)關(guān)報(bào)刊的衍變過程。
2001年新聞傳播理論試題
一、填空(10分)
大致有受眾的特征、宣傳的三要素、傳播學(xué)里的四中調(diào)查方法等
二、名詞解釋(20分)
1、把關(guān)人
2、接近權(quán)
3、新聞選擇
4、輿論
5、硬新聞
三、簡答(20分)
1、簡述新聞事業(yè)的雙重屬性
2、簡述傳播學(xué)中的議題設(shè)置理論及其在媒體中的運(yùn)用
四、論述(50分)
1、新聞媒介如何營造一個(gè)良好的輿論環(huán)境,媒介在影響輿論中的作用
2、試述因特網(wǎng)的興起對(duì)傳統(tǒng)傳播學(xué)理論的沖擊和影響,如何面對(duì)因此帶來的一系列變化。
2000年新聞傳播理論試題
一、填空
二、名詞解釋(20分)
1、軟新聞和硬新聞
2、合理想象
3、沉默的螺旋
4、議題設(shè)置
5、新聞學(xué)
三、簡答(20分)
1、非語言傳播的特點(diǎn)是什么?
2、生產(chǎn)力的發(fā)展對(duì)新聞事業(yè)的發(fā)展有什么影響?
四、論述(50分)
1、現(xiàn)代報(bào)紙進(jìn)入市場(chǎng)展開競(jìng)爭,對(duì)新聞事業(yè)的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了影響,有無積極意義和消極意義,如果有,是什么?
2、論述從自由主義傳播理論發(fā)展到社會(huì)責(zé)任理論的過程,這一過程對(duì)我國新聞事業(yè)的發(fā)展有無積極意義?如果有,請(qǐng)說明。
2000年中外新聞事業(yè)史
一、填充題(每空格1分,共30分)
1、出下列論著的作者:《新聞學(xué)大意》____________,《實(shí)際應(yīng)用新聞學(xué)》_________,《敬告我同業(yè)諸君》_________,《韜園文錄外編》_________,《塞上行》___________,《燕山夜話》________,《黨的組織與黨的出版物》_________,《論出版自由》_______,《紅星照耀中國》_______,《長征--前所未聞的故事》_________。
2、上?!渡陥?bào)》創(chuàng)刊于_______年,1932年起進(jìn)行改革,由______主編的副刊_________,發(fā)表了魯迅的許多作品。1934年11月,該報(bào)總經(jīng)理_______被國民黨特務(wù)殺害。
3、新記《大公報(bào)》的“四不”方針是:__________ __________ ____________ __________ 4、1931年,中國共產(chǎn)黨在江西瑞金創(chuàng)辦了__________通訊社和__________報(bào),1937年1月它們分別改名為_________ __________
5、寫出以下國家現(xiàn)有的主要通訊社名稱;俄羅斯__________,古巴___________,印度_________,印度尼西亞_______,埃及________,朝鮮_________,日本_________,西班牙____________。
二、簡答題(每題6分,共30分)
1、《大江了》案
2、“豎三民”
3、《火星報(bào)》(俄國)
4、李普曼
5、有線電視網(wǎng)(美國)
三、論述題(每題20分,共40分)
1、“建立國際新聞新秩序”的口號(hào)怎樣提出來的?它有何重要意義?發(fā)展中國家為此進(jìn)行了哪些斗爭?
2、在延安整風(fēng)運(yùn)動(dòng)中,黨報(bào)理論有哪些重要發(fā)展?
1999年新聞與傳播理論試題 一:填充(每格一分)新聞事業(yè)的發(fā)展水平主要是由_____決定的 2 以辦報(bào)方針分,報(bào)紙可分為_____、_____、_____ 3 新聞選擇的主要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是_____、_____、_____、_____ 4 大眾傳播的四大社會(huì)功能是_____、_____、_____、_____ 5 受眾接觸信息、通常會(huì)產(chǎn)生選擇性的_____、_____、_____ 二:名詞解釋(每題4分)輿論 2 新聞體制 拉斯韋爾的5 W模式 4 兩級(jí)傳播(二段流程)三:簡答題:(每題6分)1 新聞與宣傳有何關(guān)系? 2 如何理解新聞的真實(shí)性原則? 3 媒介社會(huì)責(zé)任理論的要點(diǎn)是什么? 4 麥克魯漢理論要點(diǎn)是什么? 四:論述題(每題15分)簡述人類社會(huì)新聞傳播媒介的演變過程,闡明現(xiàn)在新聞事業(yè)產(chǎn)生的重大意義 2 結(jié)合中國當(dāng)前社會(huì)現(xiàn)實(shí),論述受眾在新聞事業(yè)中的地位與作用 美國有關(guān)傳播效果的研究經(jīng)歷了哪幾個(gè)階段?舉例說明其主要成果對(duì)中國當(dāng)前大眾傳媒時(shí)間的啟迪意義.1999年中外新聞事業(yè)史試題
一、名詞解釋(每題6分,共30分)
1、《論出版自由》
2、時(shí)務(wù)體
3、《新萊茵報(bào)》
4、《熱血日?qǐng)?bào)》
5、“新華軍”
二、簡答題(每題10分,共30分)
1、試述《察世俗每月統(tǒng)記傳》與《東西洋每月統(tǒng)記傳》的異同。
2、簡介美國的四大廣播電視網(wǎng)
3、建立世界新聞傳播新秩序問題是何時(shí)提出的?
三、論述題(每題20分,共40分)
1、試述五四時(shí)期《新青年》的發(fā)展歷程。
2、評(píng)論1956年新聞工作改革的經(jīng)過,重點(diǎn)和收獲。