第一篇：2018年考研英語(yǔ)閱讀材料之藍(lán)黑vs白金

凱程考研，為學(xué)員服務(wù)，為學(xué)生引路！

2018年考研英語(yǔ)閱讀材料之藍(lán)黑vs白

金

考研英語(yǔ)閱讀能力提升需要不斷拓展眼界和思維，我們常練習(xí)的是政經(jīng)類的文章，下面凱程網(wǎng)考研頻道分享一篇選自《自然》雜志上名為“Hues and cry”的文章，是對(duì)前段時(shí)間引起熱議的“藍(lán)黑vs白金”事件的解讀，文章援引的例子之多，可謂是貫通古今，論證充分。希望能幫助大家不斷拓展提升。

?【原文】

Hues and cry

A blue dress divided the Internet----and put the science of visual perception in the spotlight.I ①The influence on science and the arts of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe----poet,playwright, novelist, proto-scientist, philosopher and general all-round egghead----is profound.②His view about the physiological nature of colors, however, have never really caught on, in part because he proposed that colors are more an invention of the mind than a physical reality.③One thing, however, rings true: the appearance of objects is not objective, but a conversation between the observer and observed.II ①Neuroscientists have long recognized that the perception of color and shade depends strongly on context.②Illusions exist, for example, in which one can be utterly convinced that black is white, depending on the surrounding patterns or the conditions in which an object is lit.③But it is also true that all other things being equal, the perception of color differs between people.III ①One editor of this journal, for example, once owned a car that was, in his opinion, quite clearly green.②It remained green in all conceivable circumstances of context, shade and illumination other than complete darkness.③Except, however, that everyone else was equally convinced that it was blue----including the vehicle-licensing authority.④The car was not only blue----it was officially blue.IV ①Recently, the Internet was deluged with strongly held opinion about color, specifically of a dress.②The dress was advertised as being blue and black.③But if illuminated in a certain way, the dress appeared white and gold.④People were absolutely convinced of its color combination, one way or the other.⑤The web exploded with chromatic debate after various celebrities bruited their opinions on Twitter.⑥A straw poll of Nature’s editors(including the owner of the blue car)was roughly split down the middle, and convictions were strong----one way or the other.V ①The explanation for the illusion lies in the color of the light in which the dress was photographed.②The brain of people who read the overall ambience as too blue willovercompensate, seeing the dress as white and gold.③Others, whose visual systems read that the lighting was not blue enough, saw the dress as blue and black.VI①Wired magazine hosted a full discussion on the effect, and the consternation in that publication’s office seemed to reflect the brouhaha that briefly reigned in the otherwise serene halls of Nature.②(The wheels of this international weekly journal of science briefly ground to a halt as so:” I can’t read any more manuscripts until I find out WHY? ”)

凱程考研，為學(xué)員服務(wù)，為學(xué)生引路！

VII ①On being told of the illusion, some people—but not all—could just about force themselves to see the dress as black and blue rather than white and gold.②The picture is a clear demonstration that color perception varies between individuals, and according to the conditions of illumination.③Such perception is distinct from the genetic conditions that predispose people to the various syndromes known as color blindness.VIII ①Had the ghost of Goethe been watching ‘dressgate’, he might have allowed himself a rueful smile, given the brickbats thrown in his direction by his scientific critics even in his own time, who, he said, “forgot that science arose from poetry, and did not see that when times change the tow can meet again on a higher level as friends.”

?【翻譯】

色調(diào)與喊聲

一件藍(lán)色的裙子將互聯(lián)網(wǎng)分為兩個(gè)陣營(yíng)，視覺感知成為了人們關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。

作為一個(gè)詩(shī)人、劇作家、小說(shuō)家、哥德對(duì)科學(xué)和藝術(shù)的影響是很深刻的。他關(guān)于顏色的生理屬性的觀點(diǎn)卻從來(lái)沒有引起注意，一部分是因?yàn)樗岢觯伾撬季S干預(yù)的結(jié)果，而不是客觀的現(xiàn)實(shí)。其中一件事情聽起來(lái)像是真的：物體的外表并不是客觀的，而是觀察者和被觀察物對(duì)話的結(jié)果。

神經(jīng)科學(xué)家很久以前就意識(shí)到，對(duì)顏色和濃淡的感知取決于背景?；糜X會(huì)存在，例如，當(dāng)一個(gè)人完全確信黑就是白時(shí)，依據(jù)的是物體身處其中的環(huán)境模式或者條件。但是，事實(shí)是，當(dāng)其他條件都相同時(shí)，對(duì)顏色的感知仍會(huì)因人而異。

例如，這本期刊的一位編輯曾經(jīng)擁有一部他認(rèn)為是綠色的車。它在所有可以設(shè)想的場(chǎng)合里都是綠的，不管是在陰影中、光亮下或者完全黑暗里。除了一種情況：其他的每個(gè)人都確信這是藍(lán)色的車——包括車輛執(zhí)照當(dāng)局。這輛車不僅僅是藍(lán)色的---它被官方承認(rèn)是藍(lán)色的。

最近，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)到處都是堅(jiān)定的關(guān)于顏色的意見，具體來(lái)說(shuō)是關(guān)于一件裙子的。這件裙子被宣揚(yáng)為藍(lán)黑色的，但如果以某種方式用燈照亮，裙子似乎是白色和金色的。人們都非常確信它的顏色搭配，不管是哪一派。網(wǎng)上辯論激烈，特別是在各色名人在推特上傳播他們的觀點(diǎn)之后。一項(xiàng)關(guān)于《自然》編輯的民意調(diào)查(包括那位藍(lán)車車主)顯示支持傾向?yàn)橐话胍话?，不管是哪一派的，他們都?duì)自己那方深信不疑。

對(duì)這一錯(cuò)覺的解釋關(guān)鍵在于裙子被拍攝時(shí)燈光的顏色上。人們的大腦在讀取綜合的氛圍格調(diào)時(shí)，如果覺得太藍(lán)會(huì)矯枉過正，將裙子看做白色和金色。其他人，他們的視覺系統(tǒng)讀取燈光不夠藍(lán)，看到的裙子就會(huì)是藍(lán)色和黑色的。

互聯(lián)網(wǎng)雜志主持了一場(chǎng)關(guān)于這個(gè)效果的討論，在出版社辦公室的驚恐似乎反映了《自然》走廊里的喧嘩，在其他時(shí)候這個(gè)辦公室都是一片寧?kù)o的。(這個(gè)國(guó)際性科學(xué)周刊頓時(shí)停工，有人喊道：“在我弄清楚為什么之前我再也讀不進(jìn)任何稿件了?！?

被告知這個(gè)幻覺以后，部分的人——并不是全體，會(huì)強(qiáng)迫自己去把裙子看做藍(lán)色黑色而不是白色和金色。這個(gè)圖片清晰地展示顏色感知會(huì)因人而異，并且因照明條件而異。這種感知與另一種基因條件截然不同，那被認(rèn)為是色盲——容易誘發(fā)人們各種綜合癥。

如果歌德的靈魂也在關(guān)注“裙子事件”，他也許會(huì)露出沮喪的笑容，在他的年代，他因?yàn)榭茖W(xué)見解使得自己面對(duì)公眾的辱罵。他說(shuō)過：“忘記科學(xué)由詩(shī)歌激發(fā)而產(chǎn)生，看不到這一切，當(dāng)時(shí)間變化，他們能在更高的層次成為朋友?！?/p>

?【詞匯短語(yǔ)】

1.*ambience n.氣氛，布景;周圍環(huán)境

2.*brickbat 碎磚;磚片;批評(píng)的話;不遜之言

3.*be deluged with v.涌來(lái)，充滿

2頁(yè)共2頁(yè)

凱程考研，為學(xué)員服務(wù)，為學(xué)生引路！

4.*brouhaha n.(法)吵鬧;騷動(dòng)

5.*bruit vt.散播

6.*chromatic a.彩色的;色品的;易染色的 7.*consternation n.驚愕;驚惶失措;恐怖

8.*egghead n.理論家;受過高等教育的人

9.illuminate n.照亮，照明;用燈光裝飾

10.illusion n.幻想，錯(cuò)誤的觀念;錯(cuò)覺，幻覺，假象

11.*neuroscientist n.神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)科學(xué)家

12.*overcompensate v.過度補(bǔ)償

13.physiological a.生理學(xué)的, 生理學(xué)上的 14.*playwright n.劇作家

15.*predispose v.使?偏向于

16.*proto-scientist n.科學(xué)的雛形

17.reign v.統(tǒng)治,支配,盛行

18.ring true v.聽起來(lái)是真的

19.*rueful a.可憐的;悲傷的;悔恨的(注：標(biāo)*的為超綱詞)

?【點(diǎn)評(píng)】

本文以前段時(shí)間引起熱議的“裙子是藍(lán)黑還是白金”事件引出話題，討論背后的色彩感知機(jī)制。文章援引的例子貫通古今，論證充分。

段I先借歌德的科學(xué)觀點(diǎn)：關(guān)于顏色的生理學(xué)特性，為后文討論顏色的生成機(jī)制引出話題。句①先指出歌德的多重身份：劇作家、哲學(xué)家、科學(xué)家。句②引出歌德對(duì)顏色的生成機(jī)制的看法，歌德認(rèn)為，顏色的產(chǎn)生并不完全由現(xiàn)實(shí)決定，更多是思維的結(jié)果，但是這一看法并未引起當(dāng)時(shí)人們的注意?！癶ave never really caught on”形容當(dāng)時(shí)這一觀點(diǎn)的冷遇，與前文提到的歌德的多重身份形成對(duì)比。句③進(jìn)而聚焦于觀點(diǎn)本身的闡述：物體的外表模樣并不是客觀的，而是觀察者和被觀察物交流的結(jié)果。句③既是對(duì)歌德觀點(diǎn)的提煉，又為下文對(duì)主題的討論埋下伏筆，起承上啟下的作用。

段II通過援引精神科學(xué)家對(duì)色彩感知機(jī)制的研究結(jié)果證明己方觀點(diǎn)。都是作為研究成果，段I與段II一古一今，相得益彰。句①總起全段，指出精神科學(xué)家早已意識(shí)到對(duì)色彩的感知依賴環(huán)境。句②進(jìn)一步闡述這種環(huán)境在色彩辨認(rèn)過程中的的作用之大，可以讓人把白色辨認(rèn)為黑色?！癲epend on”指“取決于”，強(qiáng)調(diào)環(huán)境在這一過程中扮演的角色非常重要。句③指出讓色彩感知產(chǎn)生差異的另一種情況：即使一切外部條件都是一致的，感知過程與結(jié)果也會(huì)因人而異。這個(gè)句子為段III 要闡釋說(shuō)明的內(nèi)容埋下伏筆。

段III 援引作者身邊的實(shí)例，證明段II句③的內(nèi)容：一位編輯擁有一輛無(wú)論在什么情況下，在他眼里都是綠色的車，然而，在其他人眼里，這輛車始終是藍(lán)色的，包括車管所的工作人員也這么認(rèn)為?！皊hade””illumination”和“complete darkness”分別指光線分布有異的三種情況：陰影下、光亮下、黑暗中，進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)外部條件的變化對(duì)個(gè)人視覺感知的影響效果甚微，反而是個(gè)人自身的感知決定了看到物體的顏色。呼應(yīng)段II句③的觀點(diǎn)。

段IV引出全文中心事件：裙子是藍(lán)黑的還是白金的?句①用詞組“be deluged with”形容評(píng)論如潮，反映此事件在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上影響之廣泛。句②、③就事件進(jìn)行陳述：一件被宣揚(yáng)是藍(lán)底黑邊的裙子，在光線變化時(shí)會(huì)呈現(xiàn)出白色和金色。④、⑤、⑥句聚焦于人們對(duì)這件事的反映：大家都確信自己看到的才是裙子真正的顏色?；ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)上關(guān)于裙子顏色的討論如火如荼，而名人在推特網(wǎng)上對(duì)此事件的評(píng)論讓事情傳播得更為迅速。句⑥又回到《自然》編輯部本身： 3頁(yè)共3頁(yè)

凱程考研，為學(xué)員服務(wù)，為學(xué)生引路！

編輯們對(duì)此對(duì)半分派，但大家都對(duì)自己的結(jié)果深信不疑。

段V著力于解釋事情背后的機(jī)制。句①總起全段，指出解釋的關(guān)鍵在于裙子被拍攝時(shí)的光線狀況。句②進(jìn)一步解釋：如果人腦在讀取光線的時(shí)候認(rèn)為太藍(lán)，會(huì)自動(dòng)矯正調(diào)整顏色。調(diào)整的結(jié)果就是把藍(lán)黑色看成了白金色。句③則對(duì)同一場(chǎng)合的另外一種情況進(jìn)行解釋。

段VI集中討論裙子事件在雜志社內(nèi)部引起的反響。段VII強(qiáng)調(diào)這種對(duì)色覺的感知是可以通過人腦進(jìn)行干預(yù)直接影響結(jié)果的。句①首先說(shuō)，部分了解這個(gè)機(jī)制的人可以自如使自己將裙子看成想要的顏色。句②進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明，在同等光線條件下人腦運(yùn)行的差異。與段II句③的觀點(diǎn)呼應(yīng)。句③則指出，這不是人們認(rèn)知意義上的色盲。

段VIII重新回到歌德的例子，援引他的話對(duì)科學(xué)與藝術(shù)關(guān)系進(jìn)行說(shuō)明。與首段暗合，首尾呼應(yīng)，使得全文的論述形成環(huán)狀結(jié)構(gòu)。

第二篇：考研英語(yǔ)之自我介紹

考研英語(yǔ)復(fù)試之英語(yǔ)自我介紹

pesonel statement(introduction)

good morning,my dear teachers,my dear professors.i am very glad to be here for your interview.my name is song yonghao,i am 22 years old.i come from luoyang,a very beautiful aicent city.my undergratuade period will be accomplished in chang'an university in july ,2004;and now,i am trying my best for obtaining a key to tongji university.generally speaking ,i am a hard working student especially do the thing i am interested in.i will try my best to finish it no matter how difficult it is.when i was sophomore, i found web design very interesting, so i learned it very hard.to weaver a homepage for myself, i stayed with my pesonel computer for half a month.,and i am the first one in my class who own his homepage.forthermore,i am a person with great perserverence.during the days preparing for the first examination,i insist on running every day, no matter what the weather was like.and just owning to this,i could concentrate on my study and succeeded in the end.well ,in my spare time ,i like basketball, tennis and chinese chess.also english is my favorate.i often go to english corner to practise my oral english on every thursday,and write compositions to improve my witten ability.but i know my english is not good enough ,i will continue studying.ok, that is all,thank you for your attention.my hometown------luoyang

i am from luoyang,a beautiful city in henan province.it is famous as the “capital of nine dynasties ” and enjoy yhe honer that luoyang peony is the best in the world.luoyang played a very important role in chinese history.so it has a profound cultural background and many great heritagesites have been well reverved.such as longmen grotto, one of the three grottoes in china ang white horse temple, being regarded as the cradle of chnese buddhism.luoyang peony is world-famous.every year, many tourists travel to luoyang to see the beauty of peony.the people in my hometown are friendly, they welcome the travellers from all over the world.i like my hometown very much.考研面試英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)自我介紹

good morning, my name is jack, it is really a great honor to have this opportunity for a interview, i would like to answer whatever you may raise, and i hope i can make a good performance today, eventually enroll in this prestigious university in september.now i will introduce myself briefly,i am 21 years old,born in heilongjiang province ,northeast of china,and i am curruently a senior student at beijing XX uni.my major is packaging engineering.and i will receive my bachelor degree after my graduation in june.in the past 4 years,i spend most of my time on study,i have passed CET4/6 with a ease.and i have acquired basic knowledge of packaging and publishing both in theory and in practice.besides, i have attend

several packaging exhibition hold in Beijing, this is our advantage study here, i have taken a tour to some big factory and company.through these i have a deeply understanding of domestic packaging industry.compared to developed countries such

as us, unfortunately, although we have made extraordinary progress since 1978,our packaging industry are still underdeveloped, mess, unstable, the situation of employees in this field are awkard.but i have full confidence in a bright future

if only our economy can keep the growth pace still.i guess you maybe interested in the reason itch to law, and what is my plan during graduate study life, i would like to tell you that pursue law is one of my lifelong goal,i like my major packaging and i won't give up,if i can pursue my master degree here i will combine law with my former education.i will work hard in thesefields ,patent ,trademark, copyright, on the base of my years study in department of p&p, my character? i cannot describe it well, but i know i am optimistic and confident.sometimes i prefer to stay alone, reading, listening to music, but i am not lonely, i like to chat with my classmates, almost talk everything ,my favorite

pastime is valleyball,playing cards or surf online.through college life,i learn how to balance between study and entertainment.by the way, i was a actor of our amazing drama club.i had a few glorious memory on stage.that is my pride

英文自我介紹三

General Introduction*

I am a third year master major in automation at Shanghai Jiao Tong University, P.R.China.With tremendous interest in Industrial Engineering, I am writing to apply for acceptance into your Ph.D.graduate program.Education backgroundIn 1995, I entered the Nanjing University of Science & Technology(NUST)--widely considered one of the China’s best engineering schools.During the following undergraduate study, my academic records kept distinguished among the whole department.I was granted First Class Prize every semester, and my overall GPA(89.5/100)ranked No.1 among 113 students.In 1999, I got the privilege to enter the graduate program waived of the admission test.I selected the Shanghai Jiao Tong University to continue my study for its best reputation on

Combinatorial Optimization and Network Scheduling where my research interest lies.At the period of my graduate study, my overall GPA(3.77/4.0)ranked top 5% in the department.In the second semester, I became teacher assistant that is given to talented and matured students only.This year, I won the Acer Scholarship as the one and only candidate in my department, which is the ultimate accolade for distinguished students endowed by my university.Presently, I am preparing my graduation thesis and trying for the honor of Excellent Graduation Thesis.Research experience and academic activity

When a sophomore, I joined the Association of AI Enthusiast and began to narrow down my interest for my future research.In 1997, I participated in simulation tool development for the scheduling system in Prof.Wang’s lab.With the tool of OpenGL and Matlab, I designed a simulation program for transportation scheduling system.It is now widely used by different research groups in NUST.In 1998, I assumed and fulfilled a sewage analysis & dispose project for Nanjing sewage treatment plant.This was my first practice to convert a laboratory idea to a commercial product.In 1999, I joined the distinguished Professor Yu-Geng Xi's research group aiming at Network flow problem solving and Heuristic algorithm research.Soon I was engaged in the FuDan Gene Database Design.My duty was to pick up the useful information among different kinds of gene matching format.Through the comparison and analysis for many heuristic algorithms, I introduced an improved evolutionary algorithm--Multi-population Genetic Algorithm.By dividing a whole population into several sub-populations, this improved algorithm can effectively prevent GA from local convergence and promote various evolutionary orientations.It proved more efficiently than SGA in experiments, too.In the second semester, I joined the workshop-scheduling research in Shanghai Heavy Duty Tyre plant.The scheduling was designed for the rubber-making process that covered not only discrete but also continuous circumstances.To make a balance point between optimization quality and time cost, I proposed a Dynamic Layered Scheduling method based on hybrid Petri Nets.The practical application showed that the average makespan was shortened by a large scale.I also publicized two papers in core journals with this idea.Recently, I am doing research in the Composite Predict of the Electrical Power system assisted with the technology of Data Mining for Bao Steel.I try to combine the Decision Tree with Receding Optimization to provide a new solution for the Composite Predictive Problem.This project is now under construction.Besides, In July 2000, I got the opportunity to give a lecture in English in Asia Control Conference(ASCC)which is one of the top-level conferences among the world in the area of control and automation.In my senior year, I met Prof.Xiao-Song Lin, a visiting professor of mathematics from University of California-Riverside, I learned graph theory from him for my network research.These experiences all rapidly expanded my knowledge of English and the understanding of western culture.I hope to study in depth

In retrospect, I find myself standing on a solid basis in both theory and experience, which has prepared me for the Ph.D.program.My future research interests include: Network Scheduling Problem, Heuristic Algorithm research(especially in GA and Neural network), Supply chain network research, Hybrid system performance analysis with Petri nets and Data Mining.Please give my application materials a serious consideration.Thank you very much

第三篇：氣質(zhì)類型VS考研復(fù)試范文

氣質(zhì)類型VS考研復(fù)試

經(jīng)過對(duì)一些考研學(xué)子的調(diào)查，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)泛泛的面試指導(dǎo)已經(jīng)不能滿足大家的需求，大部分考研人需要的是有特色的、更具個(gè)性化的面試策略。我們將從一個(gè)全新的視角——?dú)赓|(zhì)理論出發(fā)，有針對(duì)性地根據(jù)不同的個(gè)性特點(diǎn)來(lái)談?wù)効佳袕?fù)試的相關(guān)注意事項(xiàng)。

一、有關(guān)氣質(zhì)類型的理論

心理學(xué)中所講的氣質(zhì)與我們平時(shí)所說(shuō)的“這個(gè)人很有氣質(zhì)”所表達(dá)的意義是不同的。在心理學(xué)中，氣質(zhì)是一個(gè)人生來(lái)就具有的心理活動(dòng)的動(dòng)力特征，是人格的先天基礎(chǔ)。通俗地講，氣質(zhì)反映的是一個(gè)人的個(gè)性特點(diǎn)。

人的個(gè)性特點(diǎn)是有差異的，表現(xiàn)為氣質(zhì)類型的不同最早對(duì)氣質(zhì)加以分類并給出細(xì)致描述，并為后人接受認(rèn)可的是希波克拉底（Hippocrates）對(duì)氣質(zhì)的分類。希波克拉底是古希臘著名的醫(yī)生，他最早提出氣質(zhì)的概念，并把人的氣質(zhì)分為多血質(zhì)、膽汁質(zhì)、黏液質(zhì)、抑郁質(zhì)四種類型。每種氣質(zhì)類型的個(gè)體都有著自身的特點(diǎn)，在這里我們簡(jiǎn)單介紹一下。

1.膽汁質(zhì)

膽汁質(zhì)又稱不可遏止型，屬于興奮熱烈的類型。具有這種氣質(zhì)類型的人感受性較弱，耐受性、敏捷性、可塑性較強(qiáng)，興奮比抑制占優(yōu)勢(shì)；行為表現(xiàn)常常是反應(yīng)迅速、行為敏捷。在言語(yǔ)、表情、姿勢(shì)上都有一種強(qiáng)烈的熱情，在克服困難上有堅(jiān)忍不拔的勁頭。智力活動(dòng)具有極大的靈活性，但理解問題有粗枝大葉不求甚解的傾向。在文學(xué)作品中，較為典型的膽汁質(zhì)特點(diǎn)的人物代表是《水滸傳》中的李逵、《三國(guó)演義》中的張飛。

2.多血質(zhì)

多血質(zhì)又稱活動(dòng)型，屬于敏捷好動(dòng)的類型。這種氣質(zhì)類型具有很強(qiáng)的耐受性、興奮性、敏捷性和可塑性，反應(yīng)速度快，感受性較弱。情緒易表露，易變化，敏感。在行為上，這種氣質(zhì)類型的人熱情、活潑、敏捷、精力充沛，適應(yīng)能力強(qiáng)，善于交際，常能機(jī)智地?cái)[脫窘境。他們思維靈活，主意多，常表現(xiàn)出機(jī)敏的工作能力和較高的辦事效率，對(duì)外界事物有廣泛的興趣，個(gè)性具有明顯的外向性。易適應(yīng)環(huán)境，善交際，但與人交情粗淺。《紅樓夢(mèng)》中的王熙鳳、《三國(guó)演義》中的曹操就非常具有多血質(zhì)的特點(diǎn)。

3.粘液質(zhì)

粘液質(zhì)又稱安靜型，屬緘默而沉靜的類型。這種氣質(zhì)類型感受性弱，敏捷性、可塑性、興奮性也弱，但耐受性強(qiáng)。這種氣質(zhì)類型的人行為表現(xiàn)為緩慢、沉著、鎮(zhèn)靜、有自制力、有耐心、刻板、內(nèi)向。他們不易接受新生事物、不能迅速地適應(yīng)變化了的環(huán)境，與人交往適度、情緒平穩(wěn)。喜沉思，在做任何工作之前都要細(xì)致考慮。能堅(jiān)定執(zhí)行已做出的決定，不慌不忙地去完成工作。比如《水滸傳》中的林沖、《西游記》中的沙和尚。

4.抑郁質(zhì)

抑郁質(zhì)又稱弱型，屬呆板而羞澀的類型。這種氣質(zhì)類型的人感受性很強(qiáng)，往往為一點(diǎn)微不足道的事而動(dòng)感情，耐受性、敏感性、可塑性、興奮性也都很弱。他們的行為表現(xiàn)為孤僻，動(dòng)作緩慢，很少表現(xiàn)自己，盡量擺脫出頭露面的活動(dòng)，避免同陌生的、剛認(rèn)識(shí)的人交際。在新的環(huán)境下，他們?nèi)菀谆袒蟛话?，在?qiáng)烈和緊張的情形下容易疲勞，在熟悉的環(huán)境下表現(xiàn)很安靜，動(dòng)作遲緩、軟弱。他們具有高度情緒易感性，情緒體驗(yàn)方式少，但體驗(yàn)深刻、強(qiáng)烈而持久且不顯露。林黛玉的個(gè)性特點(diǎn)就非常符合抑郁質(zhì)這一氣質(zhì)類型。

二、如何科學(xué)地看待氣質(zhì)類型

上述四種氣質(zhì)類型的人在同一環(huán)境中，表現(xiàn)出不同的心理狀態(tài)和行為特點(diǎn)。對(duì)此前蘇聯(lián)心理學(xué)家A.H.達(dá)維多娃曾有過精彩具體的描述：四個(gè)人去劇院看戲，都遲到了15分鐘。膽汁質(zhì)的人與檢票員爭(zhēng)吵起來(lái)，想闖入劇場(chǎng)；多血質(zhì)的人對(duì)檢票員的做法很理解，但隨即又找

到了一個(gè)沒人檢查的入口進(jìn)劇場(chǎng)，安心看戲；粘液質(zhì)的人很理解檢票員的做法，并自我安慰“第一場(chǎng)戲總是不太精彩，先去小賣部買點(diǎn)吃的休息一下，等幕間休息再進(jìn)去不遲”；抑郁質(zhì)的人早就對(duì)自己的行為很后悔，認(rèn)為這場(chǎng)戲不該看，進(jìn)而想到“我運(yùn)氣不好，如果這場(chǎng)戲看下去，還不知要出什么麻煩呢！”于是，扭身回家去了。

結(jié)合這個(gè)小故事的例子，我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)氣質(zhì)類型的劃分為我們了解自己和他人提供了一些參考依據(jù)，每種氣質(zhì)類型也都有各自的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。應(yīng)當(dāng)指出的是，并不是所有的人都可按照四種傳統(tǒng)氣質(zhì)類型來(lái)劃分，只有少數(shù)人是四種氣質(zhì)類型的典型代表，大多數(shù)人都是近似于某種氣質(zhì)，同時(shí)又與其他氣質(zhì)結(jié)合在一起。有些人，他們的氣質(zhì)既不屬于上述四種氣質(zhì)中的某一種，也不是某幾種氣質(zhì)的結(jié)合，是介于各種類型之間的中間類型。總之，氣質(zhì)是表現(xiàn)在人活動(dòng)的積極性、行為的敏捷性、情緒的興奮性、適應(yīng)環(huán)境的靈活性等幾個(gè)方面。在判斷一個(gè)人的氣質(zhì)類型時(shí)，并不是要把他歸入某一種類型，而主要是觀察和測(cè)定構(gòu)成其氣質(zhì)類型的各種心理特征以及構(gòu)成氣質(zhì)生理基礎(chǔ)的高級(jí)神經(jīng)活動(dòng)的基本特性。

大家如果想確切地了解自己的氣質(zhì)類型，可以到相關(guān)的心理測(cè)評(píng)網(wǎng)站找到這類測(cè)試。

三、氣質(zhì)類型與考研復(fù)試

復(fù)試除了專業(yè)考察之外，導(dǎo)師們更為關(guān)注的是學(xué)生所體現(xiàn)出來(lái)的人格品質(zhì)是否具有很好的發(fā)展?jié)摿?。試想，如果你是研究生?dǎo)師，你會(huì)找一個(gè)自己不喜歡、明顯具有個(gè)性缺點(diǎn)的人來(lái)做自己的學(xué)生么？但是短短的十幾分鐘，既要能體現(xiàn)出自己的優(yōu)勢(shì)，又要避免留下不良印象，確實(shí)是一件需要好好準(zhǔn)備。

通過了解自己氣質(zhì)類型的特點(diǎn)，結(jié)合考研復(fù)試的內(nèi)容，我們來(lái)具體地談?wù)劜煌愋偷目忌鶓?yīng)該注意的復(fù)試策略。

1.具有膽汁質(zhì)特點(diǎn)的考生

膽汁質(zhì)特點(diǎn)的人個(gè)性活躍、思維敏捷，無(wú)論在哪種場(chǎng)合下都能很快引起人們的注意。在復(fù)試中充分地展現(xiàn)自己的大方、熱情、毫不做作的人格品質(zhì)很容易給人留下良好的第一印象。應(yīng)該注意的是，膽汁質(zhì)的考生易出現(xiàn)沖動(dòng)、魯莽、考慮不全、不注意細(xì)節(jié)等的缺點(diǎn)。在以往的復(fù)試過程中，確實(shí)聽到過一些案例是由于膽汁質(zhì)學(xué)生的個(gè)性特點(diǎn)所引起的沖突。有的考生說(shuō)話語(yǔ)速太快、語(yǔ)氣比較沖，話說(shuō)得太滿，認(rèn)為自己的觀點(diǎn)正確，面試?yán)蠋熖岢鲆恍┳约旱目捶〞r(shí)，直言不諱地指出老師的問題所在，搞得整個(gè)面試過程非常緊張，結(jié)果可想而知。在日常的學(xué)術(shù)討論中，大家彼此有不同的觀點(diǎn)這很正常，但是在面試的過程中，考察的不僅僅是學(xué)生的專業(yè)知識(shí)，同時(shí)也在觀察考生的個(gè)人素養(yǎng)，對(duì)批評(píng)的態(tài)度，對(duì)不同看法的包容度。一個(gè)能夠與人合作、態(tài)度謙虛但也有自己觀點(diǎn)的學(xué)生會(huì)是所有導(dǎo)師都青睞的好學(xué)生。

在準(zhǔn)備復(fù)試的過程中，具有膽汁質(zhì)特點(diǎn)的考生就應(yīng)該尤其針對(duì)這些缺點(diǎn)加強(qiáng)準(zhǔn)備。比如在回答的過程中，語(yǔ)速不要太快，一字一句說(shuō)清楚，適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候停頓一下，做個(gè)深呼吸幫助自己整理好心緒。要在回答中特別留意邏輯性，最好用一些連接詞如第一、第二，或者首先、其次、最后等，盡量使回答圓滿，不至于給人信息雜亂、缺乏條理的印象。

此外，針對(duì)膽汁質(zhì)考生容易忽視細(xì)節(jié)的特點(diǎn)，還要告訴大家的是外在形象方面要得體大方，在復(fù)試前要檢查自己的儀表，仔細(xì)檢查看自己各方面的材料是否齊全，也可以請(qǐng)同學(xué)幫助考慮周全，不要急于上路或丟失重要材料。

2.具有多血質(zhì)特點(diǎn)的考生

多血質(zhì)類型的考生思維敏捷、反應(yīng)靈活又擅長(zhǎng)交際，他們身上所展現(xiàn)出來(lái)的活力和自信會(huì)是很有特色的方面。這是一類很容易在面試中取得好成績(jī)的考生。但是多血質(zhì)學(xué)生的缺點(diǎn)也很容易被人察覺，那就是缺乏穩(wěn)重、謹(jǐn)慎的態(tài)度，有時(shí)會(huì)表現(xiàn)出自負(fù)、圓滑或膚淺的缺點(diǎn)。研究生的學(xué)習(xí)需要頭腦靈活、想法多樣的創(chuàng)新性人才，但研究生生活也會(huì)枯燥、單一，需要有持之以恒的毅力。所以，有很多重視科研的導(dǎo)師會(huì)希望自己的學(xué)生踏實(shí)肯干、能耐得

住寂寞。多血質(zhì)特點(diǎn)的考生在接到復(fù)試通知的時(shí)候，常常會(huì)有預(yù)期太好的想法，有的考生就會(huì)認(rèn)為既然自己的成績(jī)不錯(cuò)，綜合能力也很優(yōu)秀，面試肯定是小菜一碟。這類考生往往由于過于自信，反而會(huì)輕視復(fù)試的準(zhǔn)備。因此，多血質(zhì)的考生在準(zhǔn)備復(fù)試時(shí)尤其要提高自己的重視程度，加強(qiáng)穩(wěn)定性的訓(xùn)練。對(duì)每一個(gè)問題的思考盡可能地深入和系統(tǒng)，不要想到什么說(shuō)什么，話很多卻缺乏實(shí)質(zhì)性內(nèi)容。在準(zhǔn)備專業(yè)知識(shí)的復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)加強(qiáng)深度和嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)性，盡量讓自己的回答有理有據(jù)，值得推敲。

在面試過程中，態(tài)度方面要注意謙虛和誠(chéng)實(shí)，不會(huì)的內(nèi)容不要瞎編亂造，不會(huì)的問題就坦誠(chéng)自己的不足，或者回答自己所了解的相關(guān)、相近的內(nèi)容。當(dāng)回答自己很熟悉的內(nèi)容時(shí)，也不要把話說(shuō)得太滿，最好留有余地，如“以上是我現(xiàn)在對(duì)這個(gè)問題的一些看法，請(qǐng)老師們批評(píng)指正”這樣一來(lái)，既展現(xiàn)了自己的知識(shí)，又能夠謙虛地請(qǐng)教，導(dǎo)師們會(huì)認(rèn)為這樣的學(xué)生比較優(yōu)秀，但是并不張狂，容易帶。

3.具有粘液質(zhì)特點(diǎn)的考生

粘液質(zhì)的人在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中是值得信任和交往的好友，是可以托付重任的伙伴。他們性情溫和、為人謙虛，做事能持之以恒，但可能會(huì)有點(diǎn)保守和木訥。

膽汁質(zhì)的人比較適合做科研和學(xué)問，他們的注意力容易集中不易被其他事物分散，他們可以忍受枯燥、千篇一律的工作，也能在日復(fù)一日的堅(jiān)持中獲得自己的成就。但是，在短短的面試時(shí)間里，這些優(yōu)點(diǎn)卻很難得以表現(xiàn)。因?yàn)樗麄兺簧朴诒磉_(dá)自己，也不急于表現(xiàn)，有時(shí)就會(huì)錯(cuò)過讓導(dǎo)師們發(fā)現(xiàn)優(yōu)點(diǎn)的機(jī)會(huì)。

在準(zhǔn)備復(fù)試的過程中，粘液質(zhì)的考生一定要訓(xùn)練自己的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)能力和反應(yīng)速度。一方面，要提高自己的語(yǔ)速，不要慢騰騰、毫無(wú)情緒色彩地說(shuō)話，要簡(jiǎn)潔明了、帶有積極向上的情感。另一方面，對(duì)問題的思考不要祈求完美，拖延時(shí)間，否則會(huì)讓導(dǎo)師們感覺反應(yīng)遲鈍、不靈活。

復(fù)試的時(shí)候，一定要把自己個(gè)性中堅(jiān)韌、深思、踏實(shí)肯干的特點(diǎn)表達(dá)出來(lái)，不要太過于嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，可以試著微笑、放輕松，多與導(dǎo)師們進(jìn)行目光的交流。

4.具有抑郁質(zhì)特點(diǎn)的考生

林黛玉是典型的抑郁質(zhì)特點(diǎn)的代表人物，她聰慧、有才華，對(duì)事物有著敏銳的觀察力和判斷力，但同時(shí)她也太敏感、小心翼翼、多疑，常常受情緒的影響，在人際交往的過程中需要他人的關(guān)注和理解。具有抑郁質(zhì)特點(diǎn)的考生大多是相當(dāng)聰明的人，他們的洞察性、深思性和批判性是其他幾種類型的學(xué)生難以企及的。只是或許由于個(gè)性敏感，他們的自信心往往會(huì)受周圍環(huán)境的影響，變得不夠自信，有時(shí)會(huì)因?yàn)樘非蠹?xì)節(jié)而忽視了整體。

所以，在準(zhǔn)備復(fù)試的過程中，這類考生要著重提高自己對(duì)整體的把握和對(duì)自信的提升。多詢問和查找相關(guān)的信息，多與其他同學(xué)進(jìn)行交流，切不可閉門造車按照自己的想法去準(zhǔn)備。同時(shí)要多嘗試著在多人面前大聲講話、眼神堅(jiān)定、挺直腰桿。復(fù)試過程中，要經(jīng)常對(duì)自己進(jìn)行積極的心理暗示，提升自己的情緒狀態(tài)。要相信自己的所學(xué)所思都是有價(jià)值的，敢于表達(dá)自己的看法。當(dāng)出現(xiàn)一些小的問題時(shí)不要太在意，更不要太自責(zé)，要堅(jiān)定地進(jìn)行下去。以上是對(duì)不同氣質(zhì)類型考生的復(fù)試所提出的建議，是根據(jù)每種類型考生的個(gè)性優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)來(lái)進(jìn)行的。在此，我要明確指出的一點(diǎn)是，任何技巧和策略都必須服務(wù)于每個(gè)人的實(shí)際情況，我并不贊同有的考生為了迎合某些導(dǎo)師的喜好而故意展現(xiàn)一些自己并不具備的品質(zhì)。研究生的復(fù)試是雙向選擇的過程，如果你自己確實(shí)不太符合所學(xué)的科目或教師，即使能夠被錄取，在日后的學(xué)習(xí)生活中還是會(huì)充滿了矛盾和挫折。所以，在盡可能真實(shí)地展現(xiàn)自己的同時(shí)，注意改善自己的缺點(diǎn)，是每個(gè)人真正面對(duì)的挑戰(zhàn)。這不僅能應(yīng)用于研究生復(fù)試，也同樣適用于我們?nèi)粘５男奚眇B(yǎng)性和自我提高。真心地祝福廣大學(xué)子能夠展現(xiàn)真我、實(shí)現(xiàn)超越。

第四篇：考研英語(yǔ)復(fù)試之英語(yǔ)自我介紹

考研英語(yǔ)復(fù)試之英語(yǔ)自我介紹

good morning,my dear teachers,my dear professors.i am very glad to be here for your interview.my name is song yonghao,i am 22 years old.i come from luoyang,a very beautiful aicent city.my undergratuade period will be

accomplished in chang'an university in july ,2004;and now,i am trying my best for obtaining a key to tongji university.generally speaking ,i am a hard working student especially do the thing i am interested in.i will try my best to finish it no matter how difficult it is.when i was sophomore, i found web design very interesting, so i learned it very hard.to weaver a homepage for myself, i stayed with my pesonel computer for half a month.,and i am the first one in my class who own his homepage.forthermore,i am a person with great perserverence.during the days preparing for the first examination,i insist on running every day, no matter what the weather was

like.and just owning to this,i could concentrate on my study and succeeded in the end.well ,in my spare time ,i like basketball, tennis and chinese chess.also english is my favorate.i often go to english corner to practise my oral english on every thursday,and write compositions to improve my witten ability.but i know my english is not good enough ,i will continue studying.ok, that is all,thank you for your attention.my hometown------luoyang

i am from luoyang,a beautiful city in henan province.it is famous as the “capital of nine dynasties ” and enjoy yhe honer that luoyang peony is the best in the world.luoyang played a very important role in chinese history.so it has a profound cultural background and many great heritagesites have been well reverved.such as longmen grotto, one of the three grottoes in china ang white horse temple, being regarded as the cradle of chnese buddhism.luoyang peony is world-famous.every year, many tourists travel to luoyang to see the beauty of peony.the people in my hometown are friendly, they welcome the travellers from all over the world.i like my hometown very much.

第五篇：考研英語(yǔ)復(fù)試之英語(yǔ)自我介紹

考研英語(yǔ)復(fù)試之英語(yǔ)自我介紹

pesonel statement(introduction)

Good morning,my dear teachers,my dear professors.i am very glad to be here for your interview.my name is song yonghao,i am 22 years old.i come from luoyang,a very beautiful aicent city.my undergratuade period will be accomplished in chang'an university in july ,2004;and now,i am trying my best for obtaining a key to tongji university.Generally speaking ,i am a hard working student especially do the thing i am interested in.i will try my best to finish it no matter how difficult it is.when i was sophomore, i found web design very interesting, so i learned it very hard.to weaver a homepage for myself, i stayed with my pesonel computer for half a month.,and i am the first one in my class who own his homepage.forthermore,i am a person with great perserverence.during the days preparing for the first examination,i insist on running every day, no matter what the weather was like.and just owning to this,i could concentrate on my study and succeeded in the end.Well ,in my spare time ,i like basketball, tennis and chinese chess.also english is my favorate.i often go to english corner to practise my oral english on every thursday,and write compositions to improve my witten ability.but i know my english is not good enough ,i will continue studying.Ok, that is all,thank you for your attention.My hometown------luoyang

I am from luoyang,a beautiful city in henan province.it is famous as the “capital of nine dynasties ” and enjoy yhe honer that luoyang peony is the best in the world.Luoyang played a very important role in chinese history.so it has a profound cultural background and many great heritagesites have been well reverved.such as longmen grotto, one of the three grottoes in china ang white horse temple, being regarded as the cradle of chnese buddhism.Luoyang peony is world-famous.every year, many tourists travel to luoyang to see the beauty of peony.the people in my hometown are friendly, they welcome the travellers from all over the world.I like my hometown very much.