第一篇:2018考研英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧之:省略法
凱程考研,為學(xué)員服務(wù),為學(xué)生引路!
2018考研英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧之:省略法
省略是指原文中有些詞在譯文中不譯出來(lái),因?yàn)槠湓谧g文中是不言而喻的。換言之,省略是刪去一些可有可無(wú)的,或者有了反嫌累贅或違背譯文語(yǔ)言習(xí)慣的詞。但省略并不是把原文的某些思想內(nèi)容刪去。
(1)冠詞的省略
經(jīng)典例題: Because the body’s defense system is damaged,the patient has little ability to fight off many other diseases.參考譯文: 由于人體的免疫系統(tǒng)遭到破壞,病人幾乎沒(méi)有什么能力來(lái)抵抗許許多多其他疾病的侵襲。
經(jīng)典例題: Any substance is made up of atoms whether it is a solid,a liquid,or a gas.參考譯文 任何物質(zhì),無(wú)論它是固體、液體或氣體,都是由原子構(gòu)成的。
(2)代詞的省略
經(jīng)典例題: The desert animals can hide themselves from the heat during the daytime.參考譯文: 沙漠中的獸類(lèi)能躲避白天的炎熱天氣。
經(jīng)典例題: We all took it for granted that he would attend the meeting,but in the end he never turned up.參考譯文: 我們都想當(dāng)然地以為他會(huì)來(lái)開(kāi)會(huì),但直到最后他也沒(méi)有露面。
經(jīng)典例題: We live and learn.參考譯文: 活到老,學(xué)到老。
(3)連詞的省略
經(jīng)典例題: Like charges repel each other while opposite charges attract.參考譯文 同性電荷相斥,異性電荷相吸。經(jīng)典例題: He looked gloomy and troubled.參考譯文: 他看上去有些憂(yōu)愁不安。
經(jīng)典例題: If winter comes,can spring be far behind? 參考譯文: 冬天來(lái)了,春天還會(huì)遠(yuǎn)嗎?
(4)介詞的省略
凱程考研,為學(xué)員服務(wù),為學(xué)生引路!
經(jīng)典例題: The density of air varies directly as pressure,with temperature being constant.參考譯文 溫度不變,空氣的密度和壓力成正比。經(jīng)典例題: Smoking is prohibited in public places.參考譯文: 公共場(chǎng)所不許吸煙。
經(jīng)典例題: A body in motion remains in motion unless acted on by an external force.參考譯文 如果沒(méi)有外力的作用,運(yùn)動(dòng)的物體仍然保持運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài)。
(5)同位語(yǔ)前置名詞的省略
經(jīng)典例題: Behaviorists,in contrast,say that differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy.分析:在同位句中,the fact就是指that所引導(dǎo)的blacks are often deprived of?that whites enjoy.在翻譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí),就可以省略the fact,以免顯得累贅。
參考譯文: 相反,行為主義者認(rèn)為,成績(jī)的差異是由于黑人往往被剝奪了白人在教育及其他環(huán)境方面所享有的許多有利條件。(1990年真題)
(6)同義詞或近義詞的省略
經(jīng)典例題: Technology is the application of scientific method and knowledge to industry to satisfy our material needs and wants.分析: 例句原文中的needs and wants是近義詞,在英語(yǔ)中常一起出現(xiàn),但從中文的角度來(lái)看,表達(dá)的是同一個(gè)意思。所以譯文可以簡(jiǎn)潔一些。
參考譯文: 技術(shù)就是在工業(yè)上應(yīng)用科學(xué)方法和科學(xué)知識(shí)以滿(mǎn)足我們物質(zhì)上的需求。
經(jīng)典例題: Insulators in reality conduct electricity but,nevertheless,their resistance is very high.分析: but,nevertheless是近義詞,在文中都表示“但是”。
參考譯文: 絕緣體實(shí)際上也導(dǎo)電,但其電阻很高。
凱程教育:
凱程考研成立于2005年,國(guó)內(nèi)首家全日制集訓(xùn)機(jī)構(gòu)考研,一直從事高端全日制輔導(dǎo),由李海洋教授、張?chǎng)谓淌?、盧營(yíng)教授、王洋教授、楊武金教授、張釋然教授、索玉柱教授、方浩教授等一批高級(jí)考研教研隊(duì)伍組成,為學(xué)員全程高質(zhì)量授課、答疑、測(cè)試、督導(dǎo)、報(bào)考指導(dǎo)、方法指導(dǎo)、聯(lián)系導(dǎo)師、復(fù)試等全方位的考研服務(wù)。凱程考研的宗旨:讓學(xué)習(xí)成為一種習(xí)慣;
凱程考研的價(jià)值觀口號(hào):凱旋歸來(lái),前程萬(wàn)里; 信念:讓每個(gè)學(xué)員都有好最好的歸宿;
使命:完善全新的教育模式,做中國(guó)最專(zhuān)業(yè)的考研輔導(dǎo)機(jī)構(gòu); 激情:永不言棄,樂(lè)觀向上;
敬業(yè):以專(zhuān)業(yè)的態(tài)度做非凡的事業(yè);
服務(wù):以學(xué)員的前途為已任,為學(xué)員提供高效、專(zhuān)業(yè)的服務(wù),團(tuán)隊(duì)合作,為學(xué)員服務(wù),為學(xué)員引路。
如何選擇考研輔導(dǎo)班:
在考研準(zhǔn)備的過(guò)程中,會(huì)遇到不少困難,尤其對(duì)于跨專(zhuān)業(yè)考生的專(zhuān)業(yè)課來(lái)說(shuō),通過(guò)報(bào)輔導(dǎo)班來(lái)彌補(bǔ)自己復(fù)習(xí)的不足,可以大大提高復(fù)習(xí)效率,節(jié)省復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)間,大家可以通過(guò)以下幾個(gè)方
凱程考研,為學(xué)員服務(wù),為學(xué)生引路!
面來(lái)考察輔導(dǎo)班,或許能幫你找到適合你的輔導(dǎo)班。
師資力量:師資力量是考察輔導(dǎo)班的首要因素,考生可以針對(duì)輔導(dǎo)名師的輔導(dǎo)年限、輔導(dǎo)經(jīng)驗(yàn)、歷年輔導(dǎo)效果、學(xué)員評(píng)價(jià)等因素進(jìn)行綜合評(píng)價(jià),詢(xún)問(wèn)往屆學(xué)長(zhǎng)然后選擇。判斷師資力量關(guān)鍵在于綜合實(shí)力,因?yàn)槿魏我婚T(mén)課程,都不是由
一、兩個(gè)教師包到底的,是一批教師配合的結(jié)果。還要深入了解教師的學(xué)術(shù)背景、資料著述成就、輔導(dǎo)成就等。凱程考研名師云集,李海洋、張?chǎng)谓淌?、方浩教授、盧營(yíng)教授、孫浩教授等一大批名師在凱程授課。而有的機(jī)構(gòu)只是很普通的老師授課,對(duì)知識(shí)點(diǎn)把握和命題方向,欠缺火候。
對(duì)該專(zhuān)業(yè)有輔導(dǎo)歷史:必須對(duì)該專(zhuān)業(yè)深刻理解,才能深入輔導(dǎo)學(xué)員考取該校。在考研輔導(dǎo)班中,從來(lái)見(jiàn)過(guò)如此輝煌的成績(jī):凱程教育拿下2015五道口金融學(xué)院狀元,考取五道口15人,清華經(jīng)管金融碩士10人,人大金融碩士15個(gè),中財(cái)和貿(mào)大金融碩士合計(jì)20人,北師大教育學(xué)7人,會(huì)計(jì)碩士保錄班考取30人,翻譯碩士接近20人,中傳狀元王園璐、鄭家威都是來(lái)自凱程,法學(xué)方面,凱程在人大、北大、貿(mào)大、政法、武漢大學(xué)、公安大學(xué)等院校斬獲多個(gè)法學(xué)和法碩狀元,更多專(zhuān)業(yè)成績(jī)請(qǐng)查看凱程網(wǎng)站。在凱程官方網(wǎng)站的光榮榜,成功學(xué)員經(jīng)驗(yàn)談視頻特別多,都是凱程戰(zhàn)績(jī)的最好證明。對(duì)于如此高的成績(jī),凱程集訓(xùn)營(yíng)班主任邢老師說(shuō),凱程如此優(yōu)異的成績(jī),是與我們凱程嚴(yán)格的管理,全方位的輔導(dǎo)是分不開(kāi)的,很多學(xué)生本科都不是名校,某些學(xué)生來(lái)自二本三本甚至不知名的院校,還有很多是工作了多年才回來(lái)考的,大多數(shù)是跨專(zhuān)業(yè)考研,他們的難度大,競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈,沒(méi)有嚴(yán)格的訓(xùn)練和同學(xué)們的刻苦學(xué)習(xí),是很難達(dá)到優(yōu)異的成績(jī)。最好的辦法是直接和凱程老師詳細(xì)溝通一下就清楚了。
建校歷史:機(jī)構(gòu)成立的歷史也是一個(gè)參考因素,歷史越久,積累的人脈資源更多。例如,凱程教育已經(jīng)成立10年(2005年),一直以來(lái)專(zhuān)注于考研,成功率一直遙遙領(lǐng)先,同學(xué)們有興趣可以聯(lián)系一下他們?cè)诰€(xiàn)老師或者電話(huà)。
有沒(méi)有實(shí)體學(xué)校校區(qū):有些機(jī)構(gòu)比較小,就是一個(gè)在寫(xiě)字樓里上課,自習(xí),這種環(huán)境是不太好的,一個(gè)優(yōu)秀的機(jī)構(gòu)必須是在教學(xué)環(huán)境,大學(xué)校園這樣環(huán)境。凱程有自己的學(xué)習(xí)校區(qū),有吃住學(xué)一體化教學(xué)環(huán)境,獨(dú)立衛(wèi)浴、空調(diào)、暖氣齊全,這也是一個(gè)考研機(jī)構(gòu)實(shí)力的體現(xiàn)。此外,最好還要看一下他們的營(yíng)業(yè)執(zhí)照。
第二篇:考研英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧
考研英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧
在整個(gè)考研英語(yǔ)真題當(dāng)中,對(duì)廣大考生要求最高的除了英文寫(xiě)作之外恐怕就是英文長(zhǎng)句翻譯了。誠(chéng)然,考研英語(yǔ)翻譯確實(shí)是一項(xiàng)對(duì)考生綜合能力測(cè)試要求比較高的一項(xiàng)題目,因?yàn)樗粌H僅是對(duì)考生的基本短語(yǔ)詞匯、句式語(yǔ)法、閱讀理解、文化常識(shí)等要求有非常好的掌握能力,同時(shí)也對(duì)考生的語(yǔ)義表達(dá)、語(yǔ)言組織能力提出了較高的要求。
那么一般考生在做考研英語(yǔ)翻譯時(shí),就應(yīng)該先通讀全文,了解文章大意,再?gòu)娜稚习芽匚恼旅}絡(luò),然后結(jié)合具體語(yǔ)境對(duì)所要翻譯的句子進(jìn)行抽絲剝繭,找出句子主干,再進(jìn)一步將句子融入到全文當(dāng)中,對(duì)照上下文的相關(guān)含義再開(kāi)始具體的翻譯,完成后再閱讀幾遍,使自己翻譯的句子語(yǔ)句通順流暢而又附有文采,體現(xiàn)出自己翻譯的水準(zhǔn),以贏得更高得分。
下面考研1希望能為大家?guī)?lái)些許幫助。
一,順序翻譯:前后一致時(shí),簡(jiǎn)單。
二,倒序翻譯:相同的,甚至是完全相反,從句子的后面開(kāi)始翻譯,在具體翻譯時(shí)候按照中文語(yǔ)同時(shí)做到
三,一開(kāi),使其分為若干個(gè)相對(duì)獨(dú)立的小語(yǔ)句,翻譯時(shí)候?qū)@些小而簡(jiǎn)單的句子依次翻
語(yǔ)法句式結(jié)構(gòu)等完全沒(méi)有一點(diǎn)的中文習(xí)慣,然后按照自己的表述習(xí)慣,將句子結(jié)構(gòu)打亂,組合出新的句子以準(zhǔn)確的表達(dá)出所要表達(dá)的含義。
五,綜合翻譯:事實(shí)上,對(duì)于一個(gè)考驗(yàn)英語(yǔ)中出現(xiàn)的語(yǔ)句,要對(duì)塔進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確的翻譯,一般僅靠某一種單純的翻譯方法是很難翻譯準(zhǔn)確的,這時(shí)候就需要將自己已經(jīng)掌握的各種方法靈活運(yùn)用起來(lái),合理的將各種方法綜合利用,以便將英語(yǔ)原文準(zhǔn)確的翻譯出來(lái)。
第三篇:考研英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧之定語(yǔ)從句
考研英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧之定語(yǔ)從句
一、前置法:把定語(yǔ)從句翻譯到所修飾的先行詞前面,可以用“的”來(lái)連接。
He who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet.沒(méi)有吃過(guò)苦的人不知道什么是甜。
Space and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying to explore.太空和海洋是科學(xué)家們努力探索的新領(lǐng)域。
His laughter, which was infectious, broke the silence.他那富有感染力的笑聲打破了沉寂。
二、后置法:把定語(yǔ)從句翻譯在所修飾的先行詞后面,翻譯為并列分句。
(一)重復(fù)先行詞。
I told the story to John, who told it to his brother.他把這件事告訴了約翰,約翰又告訴了他的弟弟。
We wish to express our satisfaction at this to the Special Committee, whose activities deserve to be encouraged.在我們對(duì)特別委員會(huì)表示滿(mǎn)意,特別委員會(huì)的工作應(yīng)該受到鼓勵(lì)。
You, whose predecessors scored initial success in astronomical research, have acquired a greater accomplishment in this respect.你們的先輩在天文學(xué)研究方面取得了初步的成功,而你們現(xiàn)在則在這一方面獲得了更大的成就。
Although he lacks experience, he has enterprise and creativity, which are decisive in achieving success in the area.他雖然經(jīng)驗(yàn)不足,但很有進(jìn)取心和創(chuàng)造力,而這正是在這一領(lǐng)域獲得成功的關(guān)鍵。
(二)省略先行詞。
They worked out a new method by which production has now been rapidly increased.他們制定出一種新方案,采用之后生產(chǎn)已迅速得到提高。
三、融合法:把定語(yǔ)從句和它所修飾的先行詞結(jié)合在一起翻譯。
There is a man downstairs who wants to see you.樓下有人要見(jiàn)你。
In our factory, there are many people who are much interested in the new invention.在我們工廠里,許多人對(duì)這項(xiàng)新發(fā)明很感興趣。
We used a plane of which almost every part carried some indication of national identity.我們駕駛的飛機(jī)幾乎每一個(gè)部件都有一些國(guó)籍標(biāo)志
She had a balance at her banker’s which would have made her beloved anywhere.她在銀行里的存款足以使她到處受到歡迎
四、狀譯法
(一)譯成表示“時(shí)間”的分句
A driver who is driving the bus mustn’t talk with others or be absent-minded.司機(jī)在開(kāi)車(chē)時(shí),不許和人談話(huà),也不能走神。
(二)譯成表示“原因”的分句
He showed no further wish for conversation with Mrs.Smith, who was now more than usually insolent and disagreeable.他似乎不愿再和史密斯太太講話(huà),因?yàn)樗F(xiàn)在異常無(wú)禮,令人厭煩。
(三)譯成表示“條件”的分句
Men become desperate for work, any work, which will help them to keep alive their families.人們極其迫切地要求工作,不管什么工作,只要它能維持一家人的生活就行。
(四)譯成表示“讓步”的分句
He insisted on buying another house, which he had no use for 盡管他并沒(méi)有這樣的需要,他堅(jiān)持要再買(mǎi)一幢房子。
(五)譯成表示“目的”的分句
He wishes to write an article that will attract the public attention to the matter.為了引起公眾對(duì)這一事件的注意,他想寫(xiě)一篇文章。
He is collecting authentic material that proves his argument.為了證明他的論點(diǎn),他正在收集確鑿的材料以。
(六)譯成表示“結(jié)果”的分句
They tried to stamp out the revolt, which spread all the more furiously throughout the country.他們企圖鎮(zhèn)壓反抗,結(jié)果反抗愈來(lái)愈烈,遍及全國(guó)。
(七)譯成表示“轉(zhuǎn)折”的分句
She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was.她對(duì)孩子們很有耐心,而她丈夫卻很少這樣。
考研英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧之被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
一、譯成漢語(yǔ)主動(dòng)句
保存原文主語(yǔ)
The meeting is scheduled for April 6th.會(huì)議定于四月六日舉行。
Water can be changed from a liquid into a solid.水能從液體變成固體。] When rust is formed , a chemical change has taken place.當(dāng)銹形成的時(shí)候,就發(fā)生了化學(xué)變化。主賓顛倒
She was given a new pen by her father.她爸爸送給她一支新鋼筆。
Heat and light can be given off by this chemical change.這種化學(xué)反應(yīng)能放出熱和光。
Only a small portion of solar energy is now being used by us.現(xiàn)在我們只能利用一小部分太陽(yáng)能。Communication satellites have already been used for living transmission in our country.我國(guó)已將通訊衛(wèi)星用于實(shí)況轉(zhuǎn)播。
The numerical data concerned are provided in the next chapter.下一章提供了有關(guān)的數(shù)據(jù)資料。增加主語(yǔ)
The issue has not yet been thoroughly explored.人們對(duì)這一問(wèn)題迄今尚未進(jìn)行過(guò)徹底的探索。She was seen to enter the building about the time the crime was committed.有人看見(jiàn)她大致在案發(fā)時(shí)進(jìn)入了那座建筑物。
What we say here will not be long remembered, but what we do here can change the world.我們?cè)谶@里所講的話(huà),人們不會(huì)長(zhǎng)久記住。然而我們?cè)谶@兒所做的事,卻能改變世界。
二、譯成漢語(yǔ)無(wú)主句
Measures have been taken to prevent the epidemic from spreading quickly.已經(jīng)采取了措施來(lái)防止這種流行病迅速蔓延。
Water can be shown as containing impurities.可以證明,水含有雜質(zhì)。
The unpleasant noise must be immediately put an end.必須全部停止這種討厭的噪聲。
三、譯成漢語(yǔ)判斷句
The decision to attack was not taken lightly.進(jìn)攻的決定不是輕易作出的。Printing was introduced into Europe from China.印刷術(shù)是從中國(guó)傳入歐洲的。
The manuscript was sent to the printer in London a few weeks before the French revolution.手稿是在法國(guó)革命前幾周寄往倫敦付印的。
The credit system in America was first adopted by Harvard University in 1872.美國(guó)的學(xué)分制是1872年在哈佛大學(xué)首先實(shí)施的。
四、譯成漢語(yǔ)被動(dòng)句
使用“被、受、遭、讓、給、由、把、得到、受到、加以、得以、為...所、由...來(lái)”等等。The minister was found to have appropriated government money.部長(zhǎng)被發(fā)現(xiàn)挪用公款。He had been fired for refusing to obey orders from the head office.他因拒絕接受總公司的命令而被解雇了。
The schoolboy was knocked down by a minibus when crossing the street.那名男生在穿過(guò)街道時(shí)讓一輛小公共汽車(chē)撞倒了。He was praised by his teacher.他得到了老師的表?yè)P(yáng)。
Problems should be resolved in good time.問(wèn)題應(yīng)及時(shí)加以解決。
For a long period to come, most of China’s elderly will continue to be provided for by their families.在未來(lái)較長(zhǎng)的一段時(shí)間里,中國(guó)的老年人仍舊要由家庭來(lái)贍養(yǎng)。
五、常用被動(dòng)句型“It+被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)+that”的翻譯
It is considered that bioclimatology is an involved subject.有人認(rèn)為,生物氣候?qū)W是一門(mén)復(fù)雜的學(xué)科。
It is stressed that the field of science may be divided into two major areas: natural science and social science.有人強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō),科學(xué)的范疇可以分成兩個(gè)主要領(lǐng)域:自然科學(xué)和社會(huì)科學(xué)。It should be pointed out that this process is oxidation.應(yīng)該指出,這一過(guò)程就是氧化。下面是一些常用被動(dòng)句型的習(xí)慣譯法: It is hoped that...希望,有人希望 It is assumed that...假設(shè),假定 It is claimed that...據(jù)說(shuō),有人主張 It is believed that...有人想信,大家相信 It is reported that...據(jù)報(bào)道,據(jù)通報(bào) It is considered that...人們認(rèn)為,據(jù)估計(jì) It is said that...據(jù)說(shuō),有人說(shuō)
It is supposed that...據(jù)推測(cè),人們猜測(cè) It has been announced that...已經(jīng)宣布 It is asserted that...有人主張
It is rumored that...有人主張 It is rumored that...聽(tīng)說(shuō),謠傳
It is noticed that...有人指出,人們注意到 It is suggested that...有人建議,建議 It is reputed that...人們認(rèn)為,可以認(rèn)為 It is learned that...據(jù)說(shuō),據(jù)聞,已經(jīng)查明 It is demonstrated that...據(jù)證實(shí),已經(jīng)證明 It is estimated that...據(jù)估計(jì),有人估計(jì) It is estimated that...有人指出,人們指出 It is pointed out that...有人推薦,有人建議 It is proposed that...有人提出 It was told that...有人曾經(jīng)說(shuō)
It was first intended that...最初就有這樣的想法
It will be said that...有人會(huì)說(shuō)
It will be seen from this that...由此可見(jiàn),因此可知
It was noted above that...前面已經(jīng)指出 It must be admitted that...必須承認(rèn),老實(shí)說(shuō) It has been illustrated that.據(jù)圖示,據(jù)說(shuō)明 It is stressed that...有人強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō) It is stressed that...有人列舉出了 It can not be denied that...無(wú)可否認(rèn)
It can be said without exaggeration that...可以毫不夸張的說(shuō)
It is sometimes asked that...人們有時(shí)會(huì)問(wèn) It was felt that...有人認(rèn)識(shí)到了
It is universally accepted that人們普遍認(rèn)為 It is unanimously agreed that..大家一致同意 It is alleged that...據(jù)說(shuō) It is calculated that...據(jù)計(jì)算 It has been proved that...已經(jīng)證明 It has been found that...人們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn) It is still to be hoped that...我們?nèi)匀幌M?It is well-known that..眾所周知,大家都知道 It should be realized that.我們應(yīng)該認(rèn)識(shí)到.考研英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧之狀語(yǔ)從句
一、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句
在英語(yǔ)中,時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞常常有:when(當(dāng)...的時(shí)候),whenever(每當(dāng)...),as(當(dāng)...時(shí)),since(自從...),until(直到...,如果不....),till(直到...),before(在...前),after(在...后),as soon as(一...就),once(一旦...),the moment(一...就),immediately(一...就),the day(在...那天),no sooner...than(一...就),hardly(scarcely)...when(一...就),the instant(一...就),instantly(一...就),directly(一...就),the minute(一...就),the second(一...就),every time(每當(dāng)...),by the time(等到....的時(shí)候)等。
(一)譯成相應(yīng)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
While she spoke, the tears were running down.她說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí),淚水直流。She came in when I was having supper.我正在吃飯的時(shí)候,她進(jìn)來(lái)了。
As he finished the speech, the audience burst into applause.他結(jié)束講話(huà)的時(shí)候,聽(tīng)眾掌聲雷動(dòng)。
(二)譯成“一(剛、每)...就”的結(jié)構(gòu)
I’ll let you know as soon as I have it arranged.我一安排好就通知你。
Directly he uttered these words there was a dead silence.他剛說(shuō)出這些話(huà),大家就沉默下來(lái)。
(二)譯成條件句
Turn off the switch when anything goes wrong with the machine.如果機(jī)器發(fā)生故障,就把電門(mén)關(guān)上。
A body at rest will not move till a force is exerted on it.若無(wú)外力的作用,靜止的物體不會(huì)移動(dòng)。
We can't start the job until we have the approval from the authority concerned.如果沒(méi)有有關(guān)當(dāng)局的批準(zhǔn),我們不能開(kāi)始這項(xiàng)工作。
二、原因狀語(yǔ)從句 英語(yǔ)中,原因狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞常常是:because(因?yàn)椋?,since(既然,由于),as(因?yàn)椋琻ow that(既然),seeing that(既然),considering that(考慮到,因?yàn)椋琲n that(在某方面),in view of the fact that(鑒于)。
(一)譯成表示“原因”的分句,放在主句之前翻譯,顯示“前因后果”的關(guān)系。The crops failed because the season was dry.因?yàn)闅夂蚋珊担魑锴甘?。We had to put the meeting off, since so many people were absent.由于很多人沒(méi)有來(lái),會(huì)議只好延期。
(二)有時(shí)候可以用漢語(yǔ)的“之所以...是因?yàn)椤钡慕Y(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)連接。A ga s differs from solid in that it has no definite shape.氣體不同于固體是因?yàn)椋ň驮谟冢┧鼪](méi)有固定的形狀。
He will get promoted, for he has done good work.他將得到提升,因?yàn)樗ぷ鞲傻煤?。Theory is valuable because it can provide a direction for practice.理論之所以有價(jià)值,是因?yàn)樗芙o實(shí)踐指出方向。
(三)not...because的結(jié)構(gòu)
I don’t teach because teaching is easy for me.我之所以教書(shū)并不是因?yàn)榻虝?shū)對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)太容易
三、條件狀語(yǔ)從句
英語(yǔ)中連接條件狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞常常有:if(如果),unless(除非,如果不),providing that(假如),so long as(只要),on condition that(條件是),suppose that(假如),in case(如果),only if(只要),if only(但愿,要是...就好了)等。
(一)翻譯在主句前面。
It was better in case they were captured.要是把他們捉到了,那就更好了。
If you tell me about it, then I shall be able to decide.假如你把一切都告訴我,那么我就能夠作出決定。
(二)翻譯在主句后面,用來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明條件。
You can drive tonight if you are ready.你今晚就可以出車(chē),如果你愿意的話(huà) No doubt I could earned something if I had really meant to.毫無(wú)疑問(wèn),我本來(lái)是可以賺到一點(diǎn)的,如果我真有那樣打算的話(huà)。
四、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句
英語(yǔ)中,表示讓步關(guān)系的連接詞常常有:though(雖然),although(雖然),even if(即使),as(盡管),while(盡管),whatever(無(wú)論什么),wherever(無(wú)論哪里),whoever(無(wú)論誰(shuí)),however(無(wú)論怎樣),no matter(不論,不管),for all that(盡管),granted that(即使),in spite of that fact that(盡管),despite the fact that(不管)等等。No matter what I say or how I say it, he always thinks I’m wrong.不管我說(shuō)什么,也不管我怎么說(shuō),他說(shuō)是認(rèn)為我錯(cuò)了。
While we can not see the air, we can feel it.我們雖然看不見(jiàn)空氣,但卻能感覺(jué)到它。
Granted that you don’t like the proposal, you shouldn’t have rejected it without consulting others.即使你不喜歡這個(gè)建議,你也不應(yīng)該沒(méi)有同別人商量就把它否決了。
五、目的狀語(yǔ)從句 在英語(yǔ)中,連接目的狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞常常有:that(為了,以便),so that(為了,以便),lest(以防),in case(以防,以免),for fear that(以防)in order that(為了)等等。
(一)一般翻譯在主句前面。一般來(lái)說(shuō),這種表示“為了”的目的狀語(yǔ)從句通常放在主句前面翻譯。He pushed open the door gently and stole out of the room for fear that he should awake her.為了不驚醒她,他輕輕推開(kāi)房門(mén),悄悄地溜了出去。
We should start early so that we might get there before noon.為了正午以前趕到那里,我們很早就動(dòng)身了。
(二)還可以翻譯在主句后面,表示“?。猓┑谩?、“以免”、“以便”、“使得”、“生怕”等概念。He emphasized it again and again, lest she should forget.他反復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)這一點(diǎn),免得她忘了。They hid themselves behind some bushed for fear that the enemy should find them.他們躲在樹(shù)叢后面,以防被敵人發(fā)現(xiàn)。
六、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句
(一)英語(yǔ)中,連接結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞常常有:so that, so...that, such...that, to such a degree等等,通??梢苑g為“結(jié)果,如此...以致于...”,可以直接翻譯。He made a wrong decision, so that half of his lifetime was wasted.他做了錯(cuò)誤的決定,結(jié)果浪費(fèi)了自己半生的時(shí)間。The difference is such that all will perceive it.差別這么大,所有的人都看得出來(lái)。(可以省略連接詞而不翻譯)
(二)有時(shí)候,如果在主句中含有“never, never so, not so, not such”等否定詞,“but that和but what”也可以連接結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句,構(gòu)成雙重否定。翻譯的時(shí)候,可以翻譯為“沒(méi)有...不”。She never comes but she borrow.她不借東西不來(lái)。(即:他如果不借東西就不來(lái)。)She is not so old but that she can read.他并沒(méi)有老到不能讀書(shū)。
考研英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧之名詞性從句
一、主語(yǔ)從句
(一)以what, whatever, whoever, whether, when, where, how, why等詞引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句,在翻譯的時(shí)候,一般可以按照英語(yǔ)原文順序來(lái)翻譯。
What he told me was only half-truth.他告訴我的只是些半真半假的東西而已。Whatever is worth doing should be done well.任何值得做的事情都應(yīng)該做好。Whether he comes or not makes no difference.他來(lái)不來(lái)都沒(méi)有關(guān)系。
When we can begin the expedition is still a question.我們何時(shí)才能開(kāi)始這次考察仍然是懸而未決。How he is going to do it is a mystery.他準(zhǔn)備怎么做這個(gè)事情是個(gè)迷。
(二)用it作形式主語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)從句,可以把主語(yǔ)從句放到漢語(yǔ)句子最前面去翻譯。為了強(qiáng)調(diào)起見(jiàn),it一般可以譯出來(lái);如果不需要強(qiáng)調(diào),it也可以不譯出來(lái)。
It doesn’t make much difference whether he attends the meeting or not.他參加不參加會(huì)議沒(méi)有多大關(guān)系。(It沒(méi)有翻譯)
It seemed inconceivable that the pilot could have survived the crash.駕駛員在飛機(jī)墜毀之后,竟然還能活著,這看來(lái)是不可想象的。(It翻譯為“這”)有時(shí)候,如果主語(yǔ)從句仍然按照英語(yǔ)原來(lái)的順序翻譯的話(huà),it一般不需要譯出來(lái)。在漢語(yǔ)譯文的開(kāi)始,一般可以用“...的是,...”這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)翻譯。
It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings.真奇怪,她竟然沒(méi)有看出自己的缺點(diǎn)。(It不用翻譯,還可以用“奇怪的是...”這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)翻譯)
二、賓語(yǔ)從句
(一)用that, what, how, when, which, why, whether, if 等引起的賓語(yǔ)從句,翻譯成漢語(yǔ)的時(shí)候,一般不需要改變它在原句中的順序。
I told him that because of the last condition, I’d have to turn it down.我告訴他,由于那最后一個(gè)條件,我只得謝絕。Can you hear what I say?你聽(tīng)得到我所講的嗎?
I don’t know that he swam across the river.我不知道他游過(guò)了那條河。I don’t know how he swam across the river.我不知道他是怎么游過(guò)那條河的。He has informed me when they are to discuss my proposal.他已經(jīng)通知我他們將在什么時(shí)候談?wù)撐业慕ㄗh。
有時(shí)可加“說(shuō)”字,再接下去翻譯譯英語(yǔ)原文賓語(yǔ)從句的內(nèi)容。Smith replied that he was sorry.斯密斯回答說(shuō),他感到遺憾。
He would remind people again that it was decided not only by himself but by lots of others.他再三提醒大家說(shuō),決定這件事的不只是他一個(gè)人,還有其他許多人。
(二)用it 作形式賓語(yǔ)的句子,在翻譯的時(shí)候,that所引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句一般可按英語(yǔ)原文順序翻譯;it有時(shí)候可以不用翻譯。
I made it clear to them that they must hand in their papers before 10 o’clock in the morning.我向他們講清楚了的,他們必須在上午十時(shí)前交卷。(it沒(méi)有翻譯)
I heard it said that he had gone abroad.聽(tīng)說(shuō)他已經(jīng)出國(guó)了。(it沒(méi)有翻譯)但有時(shí)候,也可以在譯文中將that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句提前到句子最前面翻譯。I regard it as an honor that I am chosen to attend the meeting.我被選參加會(huì)議,感到光榮。(it沒(méi)有翻譯)
We consider it absolutely necessary that we should open our door to the outside world.打開(kāi)國(guó)門(mén),實(shí)行開(kāi)放,我們認(rèn)為這是絕對(duì)必要的。(it翻譯為“這”)
三、表語(yǔ)從句
It seems that it is going to snow.看起來(lái)要下雪了。That is why Jack got scolded.這就是杰克受到訓(xùn)斥的原因。
The question remains whether we can win the majority of the people.問(wèn)題是我們能否贏得大多數(shù)人民群眾的支持。
His view of the press was that the reporters were either for him or against him.他對(duì)新聞界的看法是,記者們不是支持他,就是反對(duì)他。
四、同位語(yǔ)從句
能接同位語(yǔ)從句的名詞主要有:belief(相信),fact(事實(shí)),hope(希望),idea(想法,觀點(diǎn)),doubt(懷疑),news(新聞,消息),rumor(傳聞),conclusion(結(jié)論),evidence(證據(jù)),suggestion(建議),problem(問(wèn)題),order(命令),answer(回答),decision(決定),discovery(發(fā)現(xiàn)),explanation(解釋?zhuān)?,information(消息),knowledge(知識(shí)),law(法律),opinion(意見(jiàn),觀點(diǎn)),truth(真理,事實(shí)),promise(承諾),report(報(bào)告),thought(思想),statement(聲明),rule(規(guī)定),possibility(可能)等。
(一)一般來(lái)說(shuō),同位語(yǔ)從句可以直接翻譯在主句后面。
He expressed the hope that he would come over to visit China again.他表示希望再到中國(guó)來(lái)訪(fǎng)問(wèn)。There is a possibility that he is a spy.有可能他是一個(gè)間諜。
(二)有時(shí)候在翻譯同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí),可以將其放在所修飾的名詞前面,相當(dāng)于前置的修飾語(yǔ),但不一定使用定語(yǔ)的標(biāo)志詞“的”。這種情況下,同位語(yǔ)從句都是比較簡(jiǎn)單。
We know the fact that bodies possess weight.我們都知道物體具有重量這一事實(shí)。The rumor that he was arrested was unfounded.關(guān)于他被捕的傳聞是沒(méi)有根據(jù)的。
(三)增加“即”(或者“以為”)這樣的詞來(lái)連接,或用冒號(hào)、破折號(hào)直接分開(kāi)主句和同位語(yǔ)從句。But this does not in any way alter the fact that they are now, from a practical point of view, irrational.但這卻絲毫改變不了這樣一個(gè)事實(shí),即從實(shí)用的觀點(diǎn)來(lái)看,他們今天仍是不合理的。We have reached the conclusion that practice is the criterion for testing truth.我們已經(jīng)得出這樣的結(jié)論:實(shí)踐是檢驗(yàn)真理的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
Not long ago, the scientists made an exciting discovery that this waste material could be turned into plastics.不久前,科學(xué)家們獲得一個(gè)令人振奮的發(fā)現(xiàn)——可以把這種廢物變成塑料。2010考研英語(yǔ)??荚~語(yǔ)的固定搭配
一、名詞的固定搭配 介詞+名詞形式
第一組 by accident 偶然
on account of 因?yàn)?,由?in addition 另外
in addition to 除……之外(包括)in the air 在流行中,在傳播中
on(the/an)average 第二組
by chance 偶然,碰巧 in charge(of)負(fù)責(zé),主管(a)round the clock 晝夜不停地 in common 共用,共有,共同 in conclusion 最后,總之 on condition that 在……條件下 第三組 in the course of
在……過(guò)程中,在……期間 of course 當(dāng)然,自然,無(wú)疑
in danger 在危險(xiǎn)中,垂危 out of danger 脫離危險(xiǎn) out of date 過(guò)期(時(shí))的
up to date 時(shí)新的 in debt 欠債 in detail 詳細(xì)地
in confidence 信任 in connection with/to關(guān)于 in consequence 因此,結(jié)果 in consequence of 由于…的緣故 on the contrary 反之,正相反 in contrast with/to 與……成對(duì)照
out of control 失去控制 under control 被控制住 at all costs 不惜任何代價(jià) at the cost of 以……為代價(jià)
平均,一般來(lái)說(shuō) on the basis of 根據(jù),在……的基礎(chǔ)上 at(the)best 充其量,至多 for the better 好轉(zhuǎn),改善 on board 在船(車(chē)、飛機(jī))上
out of breath 喘不過(guò)氣來(lái) on business 因公,因事 in any case 無(wú)論如何,總之 in case of 假使,萬(wàn)一
in case 假如,以防(萬(wàn)一),免得 in no case 決不 in difficulties 處境困難 in the distance 在遠(yuǎn)處
off duty 下班 第四組
in the event of 萬(wàn)一,如果發(fā)生 for example 例如
with the exception of除……之外 in the face of 面對(duì),不顧,即使 in fact 其實(shí),實(shí)際上 on fire 燒著 第五組
hand in hand 手拉手,攜手 in hand 在掌握中,在控制中 on hand 在手邊,臨近
on(the)one hand...一方面……,on the other hand...另一方面…… at heart 在內(nèi)心;實(shí)質(zhì)上 第六組
at length 終于,最后;詳細(xì)地 in the light of 按照,根據(jù) in line 成一直線(xiàn),排成一行 in line with 與……一致,按照 at a loss 困惑,不知所措 第七組
in nature 本質(zhì)上 on occasion 有時(shí),不時(shí) in order 秩序井然,整齊 in order to 以便,為了 in order that 以便
out of order 發(fā)生故障,失調(diào) 第八組
to the point 切中要害,切題 in practice 在實(shí)際中,實(shí)際上 out of practice 久不練習(xí),荒疏 at present 目前,現(xiàn)在 for the present 目前,暫時(shí) in proportion to(與…)成比例的 第九組
on duty 值班,上班 on earth 究竟,到底 at all events 無(wú)論如何
on foot 步行
in force 有效;實(shí)施中
in favo(u)r of 有利于,贊成支持 in front of 在……面前 in(the)future 今后,將來(lái) on guard 警惕,防范
by heart 牢記,憑記憶 at home
在家,在國(guó)內(nèi);自在,自如 in honor of 以紀(jì)念,向.表示敬意 on one’s honor 以名譽(yù)擔(dān)保 in a hurry 匆忙地,立即
by all means 無(wú)論如何,必定 by means of 借助于,用 by no means 決不 in memory of 紀(jì)念
at the mercy of 在……支配下
on one’s own 獨(dú)自地,獨(dú)立地 in particular
特別地,尤其,詳細(xì)地 in the past 在過(guò)去,以往 in person 親自 in place 在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢?/p>
in public 公開(kāi)地,當(dāng)眾 for(the)purpose of為了 on purpose 故意,有意 with the purpose of 為了 in question 正在考慮 at random 隨意地,任意地
in any event 無(wú)論如何 in effect 有效;實(shí)際上
in general 通常,大體上 in half 成兩半
at hand 在手邊,在附近from tip to toe 徹頭徹尾,完全 by hand 用手
hand down to 往下傳,傳給(后代)
for instance 例如,舉例說(shuō) at intervals 不時(shí),時(shí)時(shí) at last 最終,終于 at least 至少,最低限度 in the least 一點(diǎn),絲毫
by mistake 錯(cuò)誤地 at the moment 現(xiàn)在,此刻 for a moment 片刻,一會(huì)兒 for the moment 現(xiàn)在,暫時(shí) in a moment 立刻,馬上
in place of 代替
in the first place 起初,首先 in the last place 最后 out of place
不得其所的,不適當(dāng)?shù)?on the point 即將……的時(shí)候
at any rate 無(wú)論如何,至少 by reason of 由于 as regards 關(guān)于,至于
with/in regard to 對(duì)于,就…而論 in/with relation to 關(guān)系到 with respect to 關(guān)于 as a result 結(jié)果,因此 as a result of 由于……的結(jié)果 in return 作為報(bào)答,作為回報(bào) on the road 在旅途中 第十組
at first sight 乍一看,初看起來(lái) in sight 被看到,在望
out of sight 看不見(jiàn),在視野之外in spite of
不管,不顧;盡管,雖然 on the spot 當(dāng)場(chǎng),在現(xiàn)場(chǎng) in step 同步,合拍 第十一組
at the same time 但是,然而同時(shí)at times 有時(shí)
for the time being 目前,暫時(shí) from time to time 有時(shí),不時(shí) in no time 立即,馬上 in time 及時(shí),適時(shí)地 第十二組
by the way 順便提一下,另外 by way of 經(jīng)由,通過(guò)……方式 in a way 在某點(diǎn),在某種程度上in no way 決不 in the way of 妨礙
in one’s/the way 妨礙,阻礙 第十三組
have/gain access to 可以獲得 take...into account 考慮 gain/have an advantage over 勝過(guò),優(yōu)于
pay the way for 為……鋪平道路 take advantage of 利用,趁..之機(jī)pay attention to 注意 第十四組
make a/the difference
as a rule 規(guī)章,規(guī)則;通常照例 in the long run 最終,從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)觀點(diǎn)看 for the sake of 為了……起見(jiàn)
on sale 出售;賤賣(mài) on a large scale 大規(guī)模地
out of step 步調(diào)不一致,不協(xié)調(diào) in stock 現(xiàn)有,備有 in sum 總而言之
in tears 流著淚,含淚,哭 in terms of
依據(jù),按照;用……措詞 for one thing 首先,一則
on time 準(zhǔn)時(shí) on top of 在……之上 out of touch 失去聯(lián)系
in truth 事實(shí)上,實(shí)際上,的確 on try 試穿
by turns 輪流,交替地
after a while 過(guò)了一會(huì),不久 for a while 暫時(shí),一時(shí) on the whole 總的來(lái)說(shuō) in a word 總而言之 in other words 換句話(huà)說(shuō),也就是說(shuō)
do/try one’s best 盡力,努力 get the best of 勝過(guò) make the best of 充分利用,妥善處理 get the better of 打敗,致勝 catch one’s breath 屏息,歇口氣 take care 小心,當(dāng)心
有影響,很重要 on a small scale 小規(guī)模地 in secret 秘密地,私下地 in a sense 從某種意義上說(shuō) in shape 處于良好狀態(tài) on the side 作為兼職,額外
on the second thoughts 經(jīng)重新考慮,一轉(zhuǎn)念 at a time 每次,一次 at no time 從不,決不
at one time 同時(shí),曾經(jīng),從前曾in turn 依次,輪流 in vain 徒勞,無(wú)效 a variety of 種種,各種 by virtue of 由于
at work 在工作,忙于 out of work 失業(yè) in the world
到底,究竟動(dòng)詞+名詞形式
take care of 照顧,照料 take a chance 冒險(xiǎn)一試 take charge of 擔(dān)任,負(fù)責(zé) keep company with 與……交往 take delight in 以……為樂(lè) with delight 欣然,樂(lè)意地
carry/bring into effect
使生效,使起作用 put into effect 實(shí)行,生效 come/go into effect 生效,實(shí)施 take effect 生效,起作用 catch one’s eye 引人注目 keep an eye on 留意,照看 第十五組
lose heart 喪失勇氣,失去信心 get/learn by heart 記住,背誦 get hold of 抓住,掌握 keep house 管理家務(wù),做家務(wù) throw/cast light on 使明白,闡明bear/keep in mind 記住 have in mind 第十六組
make progress 進(jìn)步,進(jìn)展 give rise to 引起,使發(fā)生 make sense 講得通,有意義 catch the sight of 發(fā)現(xiàn),突然看見(jiàn)(go)on the stage 當(dāng)演員 第十七組 act on 作用
appeal to 呼吁,要求 attempt at 企圖,努力 第十八組 introduce to 介紹
a lot(of)許多(的),大量(的)lots of 大量,很多 fall in love with 相愛(ài),愛(ài)上 a matter of(關(guān)于……)的問(wèn)題 a number of 若干,許多 reply to 回答,答復(fù) a series of 一系列,一連串 其他固定搭配
第十九組 trolley bus 無(wú)軌電車(chē) I.D.card 身份證 credit card 信用卡
make faces 做鬼臉 find fault 埋怨,挑剔 catch fire 著火
come/go into force 生效,實(shí)施 make friends 交朋友,友好相處 be friends with 對(duì)……友好,記住,考慮到,想到 make up one’s mind 下決心 come/go into operation 使投入生產(chǎn),使運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)
put in order 整理,檢修 keep/hold pace with 跟上,與……同步
take one’s time 不急不忙,從容進(jìn)行 keep in touch 保持聯(lián)系 keep track 通曉事態(tài),注意動(dòng)向 lose track 失去聯(lián)系 make use of 利用
attitude to/towards 態(tài)度,看法 a great/good deal of 大量(的),許多(的)
no doubt 無(wú)疑,必定 next door 隔壁 out of doors 在戶(hù)外
與……交上朋友 make fun of 取笑,嘲弄 keep one’s head 保持鎮(zhèn)靜 lose one’s head 不知所措
play a part 起作用 take place 發(fā)生,進(jìn)行 take the place of 代替 come to the point 說(shuō)到要點(diǎn),扼要地說(shuō) bring/carry into practice 實(shí)施,實(shí)行
put to use 使用,利用 give way 讓路,讓步 lead the way 帶路,引路 make one’s way 前進(jìn),進(jìn)行 make way 讓路,開(kāi)路 keep one’s word 遵守諾言
influence on 影響 interference in 干涉
interference with 妨礙,打擾
face to face 面對(duì)面地 as a matter of fact 實(shí)際情況,真相
a few 有些,幾個(gè)
quite a few 還不少,有相當(dāng)數(shù)的 a little 一點(diǎn),稍微,一些,少許 第二十組
fair play 公平競(jìng)賽;公平對(duì)待 in demand 有需要,銷(xiāo)路好 rest room 廁所,盥洗室 primary school 小學(xué)
side by side 肩并肩,一個(gè)挨一個(gè)
二、動(dòng)詞的固定搭配 動(dòng)詞+介詞形式
第二十一組 account for 說(shuō)明(原因等)aim at 瞄準(zhǔn),針對(duì) allow for 考慮到 appeal to 呼吁,要求 arrive at 達(dá)成,得出 ask after 詢(xún)問(wèn),問(wèn)候 第二十二組 bring forward 提出
bring out 使出現(xiàn);公布;出版 bring up 教育,培養(yǎng),使成長(zhǎng) build up 積累;堵塞;樹(shù)立,逐步建立;增進(jìn);鍛煉 call for 邀請(qǐng);要求;需求 call forth 第二十三組 cover up 掩飾,掩蓋 cut across 走捷徑,抄近路 deal with 處理,對(duì)付,安排 do without 沒(méi)有……也行 fill in/out 填充,填寫(xiě) get at 得到,接近;意思是 get into 進(jìn)入,陷入 第二十四組 live on/by
靠……生活,以……為食 live through 度過(guò),經(jīng)受過(guò) look after 照管,照料
little by little 逐漸地 quite a little 相當(dāng)多,不少 no matter 無(wú)論
heart and soul 全心全意 step by step 逐步 ahead of time 提前 all the time 一直,始終 once upon a time 從前
ask for 請(qǐng)求,要求 attach to 附屬于,隸屬于 begin with 從開(kāi)始 break into 闖入 break off 斷絕,結(jié)束 break through 突破
喚起,引起;振作起,鼓起 call off 放棄,取消 catch at 抓住(東西)
call on/upon 訪(fǎng)問(wèn);號(hào)召,呼吁 call up 召集,動(dòng)員;打電話(huà) care for 照管;喜歡,意欲 carry off 奪去
go after 追求
go into 進(jìn)入;研究,調(diào)查 go for
竭力想取得;喜愛(ài);支持,擁護(hù)go through
經(jīng)歷,經(jīng)受;詳細(xì)檢查 go with 伴隨,與……協(xié)調(diào)
look at 看望,注視 look for 尋找,尋求 look into
調(diào)查,觀察,過(guò)問(wèn);窺視
the moment(that)一……就 no more 不再
once in a while 偶爾,有時(shí) no wonder 難怪,怪不得 word for word 逐字地 decline with thanks 婉言謝絕
break up
中止,結(jié)束;打碎,折斷 bring about 帶來(lái),造成 bring down 打倒,挫傷;降低 bring forth 產(chǎn)生,提上
carry on 繼續(xù)下去;從事,經(jīng)營(yíng)carry out 貫徹,執(zhí)行;實(shí)現(xiàn) come to
總計(jì),達(dá)到;蘇醒,復(fù)原 count on 依靠;期待,指望 count up 把……相加
go without 沒(méi)有……也行 improve on 改進(jìn) keep to 保持,堅(jiān)持 lie in 在于 live up to 不辜負(fù)
look over 檢查,查看,調(diào)查 look through
仔細(xì)查看,瀏覽,溫習(xí)make for 走向,駛向;有助于
occur to 被想到,被想起 play with 以……為消遣,玩弄 refer to 第二十五組
send in 呈報(bào),遞交,送來(lái) serve as 作為,用作 set aside 挑出,留出;拒絕 sit for 參加
stand by 支持,幫助;袖手旁觀 stand for 代替,代表,意味著
參考,查閱,涉及,提到 run for 競(jìng)選
run into 撞上,偶然碰見(jiàn)
see to 注意,負(fù)責(zé),照料,修理 send for 派人去請(qǐng),召喚;索取
stand against 反抗,抵抗 stick to 堅(jiān)持,忠于,信守 take after 與……相像 take for
把……認(rèn)為是,把……看成是 take in 接受,吸收;了解,理解
take to 喜歡,親近touch on 關(guān)系到,涉及 turn into 變成
turn to 變成;求助于,借助于 turn off 關(guān)上;出產(chǎn);解雇
考研英語(yǔ)固定詞組搭配匯總 a host of /a body of 大量 2 a test for 檢測(cè)目的 3 a test on 對(duì)……進(jìn)行測(cè)試 4 a test with 檢測(cè)手段 5 above all 最重要 6 according to 根據(jù) achieve equilibrium 取得平衡 8 achieve one's purpose 達(dá)到目的 9 achieve success 獲得成功 10 achieve victory 獲得勝利 11 act on 遵照……行動(dòng),作用于 12 act upon 對(duì)…有影響 13 add up to 總計(jì),合計(jì) 14 add… to 把…加到… 15 adhere to /stick to 堅(jiān)持,奉行 16 after all 畢竟,均不合題意; 17 agree on 對(duì)……取得一致意見(jiàn) 18 agree to 同意 agree with sb.同意某人的話(huà) 20 along with 和┄一道,和┄一起 21 alternate(with)交替 22 amount to 合計(jì),共計(jì) an equal to 與……相當(dāng)?shù)娜?物,(地位)相同的人 and yet 然而 anything but 一點(diǎn)也不; 26 anything like 像……那樣的東西 anywhere near 接近于 28 apart form 除……之外尚有 29 apply to 向……申請(qǐng),適用于 30 appreciation of 對(duì)……的欣賞/贊賞 31 argue against 反對(duì)
as a result of 作為……的結(jié)果,由于
as a result(作為結(jié)果,因此)表結(jié)果,用不用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)看情況而定;
as a whole 作為一個(gè)整體,整個(gè)看來(lái) 35 as far as …/are concerned 就……而言 36 as for/to 至于,就…方面說(shuō) 37 as if/though 好像,仿佛 38 as soon as 一……就~ 39 as nothing 決不 40 as to 至于,關(guān)于 41 as well 也,一樣 42 as yet 迄今,到目前為止 43 aside from 除┄之外
associate … with…由…聯(lián)想到…,把…聯(lián)系起來(lái) 45 association with 與……的交往 46 at a disadvantage 處于不利地位 47 at a loss over 不知所措 48 at a time 每次,一次 49 at all 絲毫,根本 50 at any moment 即使,隨時(shí) 51 at first 首先,開(kāi)始的時(shí)候 52 at large 未被捕獲的,大多數(shù) 53 at last 終于,最終 54 at least 至少
at length 最終,詳細(xì)地 56 at most 最多
at no time 從不,決不 58 at one time 曾經(jīng),從前曾
at the cost/expense of 以……為代價(jià) 60 at the least 至少 61 at times 有時(shí),間或 62 at…speed 以……的速度 63 attend on 照顧,侍候 64 attribute … to 把……歸于 65 back up 后退,支持 66 base on 基于 67 be able to 能夠,勝任 68 be about to 正打算 69 be accustomed to習(xí)慣于
be associated with 與……有關(guān),與……有關(guān)系 71 be aware of 意識(shí)到 72 be capable of 有能力干 73 be caught in 遇到,陷入
be committed to 被交給┄,答應(yīng)/承擔(dān)……義務(wù) 75 be confined to 限制在,局限于 76 be confined/be restricted 受……限制 77 be dedicated to 奉獻(xiàn),獻(xiàn)給 78 be devoted to 被用于,貢獻(xiàn)給 79 be directed to 指向,針對(duì) 80 be drawn to 被┄所吸引 81 be due to 由于,因此
be exposed to 暴露在┄下,處在┄的作用之下 83 be fond of 喜愛(ài) 84 be full of 充滿(mǎn)他
be habitual to(him)對(duì)(他來(lái)說(shuō))習(xí)以為常 86 be in order 合適,恰當(dāng) 87 be involved in 參與,參加 88 be involved with 與……有關(guān)連 89 be left to 由┄來(lái)決定,由┄來(lái)想辦法 90 be limited to 限制在┄,限定在
be linked to/with something 與……連接 92 be proud of 為……而驕傲 93 be referred to 被提及,被提交 94 be related to 與……有關(guān) 95 be sick of 厭惡,討厭 96 be subject to 經(jīng)受,遭受 97 be suitable for 適合于 98 be sure of 對(duì)┄的肯定 99 be thrown in 額外贈(zèng)送 100 be tied by/with 被……捆綁 101 be tied to 束縛于,捆綁于 102 be tired of 厭倦,厭煩 103 behind time 晚點(diǎn)
belief in 對(duì)……的真實(shí)性或正確性具有的信心105 believe(… to be)相信……是 106 better than 好于…… 107 beyond question 毋庸置疑 108 break away 脫離,逃跑 109 break down 損壞,分解,瓦解 110 break into 闖入
break in 強(qiáng)行進(jìn)行,打斷 112 break off 斷絕,結(jié)束 113 break out 突發(fā),爆發(fā) 114 break through 突破 115 break up 終止,結(jié)束,打碎 116 bring about 產(chǎn)生 117 bring forward 提出。
bring out 使出現(xiàn);公布;出版 119 bring up 培養(yǎng),養(yǎng)大;
by accident 偶然,含有不幸的因素 121 by all means 無(wú)論如何,必定 122 by chance 偶然,意外地 123 by choice 處于選擇 124 by contrast 對(duì)比之下
by means of 用,依靠; 借助于 126 by means of 借助于 127 by mistake 錯(cuò)誤地 128 by the way 順便提一下
by virtue of 憑借,借助;因?yàn)?130 by way of 經(jīng)由,通過(guò)…方式 131 call forth 喚起,引起 132 call for 邀請(qǐng),要求,需要 133 call off 放棄,取消 134 call on/upon 訪(fǎng)問(wèn),拜訪(fǎng) 135 care for 照顧,關(guān)心 136 carry out 貫徹,執(zhí)行,實(shí)現(xiàn) 137 cast/shed light on 闡明某事 138 catch up with 趕上 139 catch sight of 看見(jiàn)
center on 把……集中在,以……為中心 141 characterized by 以……為特征 142 coincide with 與…相符 143 come from 來(lái)自,來(lái)源于 144 come off 成功
come on 涉及,談及,到達(dá),結(jié)束,總共,共計(jì),突然想起
come out 出版,出現(xiàn),結(jié)局是 147 come to 等于,結(jié)果是; 總計(jì),達(dá)到 148 come under attack 受到打擊 149 come under 歸人,受到 150 come up 發(fā)生,形成; 151 comment on 評(píng)論,發(fā)表意見(jiàn) 152 commit to 交付,把……投入 153 comply with 遵守,服從 154 conform to 遵守,符合,順應(yīng) 155 consist of 組成
156 consistent in 在(某方面)一致 157 consistent with 與……一致 158 contribute to 有助于,促進(jìn),加劇 159 copy out 抄寫(xiě)
160 correlate with 找出一一對(duì)應(yīng)的關(guān)系 161 count on 指望 162 cut away 砍掉 163 cut down 削減 164 cut off 打斷,中斷 165 cut out 刪掉
166 dedicate …to 奉獻(xiàn) 167 depend on 依靠,依賴(lài) 168 die back 枯死
169 die down 逐漸消失;止息 170 die off 相繼死去 171 die out 消失;死絕
172 difference in 在……方面的差別 173 do something for/to 改進(jìn),增強(qiáng) 174 doubt about 懷疑 175 due to 由于,因?yàn)?176 dwell on 利用 177 enter for 報(bào)名參加
178 enter into 開(kāi)始(談話(huà),討論)179 entertain a proposal 愿意考慮這一建議 180 entertain an idea 抱著一種想法 181 even if 甚至,即使
182 even though(雖然,盡管)表讓步 183 ever since(自從┄之后,從此以后)表時(shí)間 184 faithful to 忠心于 185 fall from 從…落下 186 far from 毫不,遠(yuǎn)非 187 favor of 喜歡 188 figure out 計(jì)算出 189 find out 查明
190 focus on 集中于,集中研究 191 followed by 接著是 192 for all 盡管
193 for example 舉例來(lái)說(shuō)
194 for instance 和 such as 都表示舉例,前者常接句子,后者常接名詞或名詞短語(yǔ) 195 for instance 例如
196 for the purpose of 為了┄目的 197 for the sake of 為了……起見(jiàn) 198 frankly speaking 坦白來(lái)說(shuō) 199 freedom from 免于……(的自由)
200 from all appearances 從所能見(jiàn)到和所能知道的
情況判斷
201 from all sides 從四面八方,全面地
202 from now on 從現(xiàn)在開(kāi)始
203 from/by all accounts 根據(jù)方面所說(shuō) 204 gather up 拾起,集攏 205 generally speaking一般來(lái)說(shuō) 206 get along with 進(jìn)展,相處融洽 207 get away 逃脫,離開(kāi)
208 get away with 僥幸逃脫,逃脫處罰 209 get down to 開(kāi)始,著手 210 get in 進(jìn)入,收獲,收集 211 give in 妥協(xié),讓步,投降,屈服 212 give off 放出,釋放 213 give out 分發(fā),放出 214 give something away 泄露 215 give up 停止,放棄 216 give way 讓路,讓步 217 go beyond 超越,超過(guò) 218 go by 從……旁走過(guò),順訪(fǎng)
2011備考必知:考研英語(yǔ)翻譯常用多義詞 單詞
熟義
生義 accomplished a.已完成的,實(shí)現(xiàn)的 a.熟練精通的 account n.賬戶(hù)
n.報(bào)告,陳述 acknowledge v.(不情愿地)承認(rèn)
v.致謝 answer v.回答
v.負(fù)責(zé)answer for approach v.靠近,接近v.開(kāi)始,著手(工作,任務(wù))(approach their work.開(kāi)始他們的工作)artificial a.人工的,人造的 a.不自然的,不真實(shí)的
assume a.假定,臆測(cè)
a.采取,擔(dān)任(assume many roles 擔(dān)任許多角色)attribute v.把----歸于(to)v.認(rèn)為是。所為 n.品質(zhì),屬性,特征
balance n.平衡
n.差額,余款,結(jié)余 beam n.橫梁,光束 v.發(fā)光,微笑 bearing n.忍耐
n.收獲,成果 betray v.背叛,出賣(mài)
v.流露,暴露 bond n.聯(lián)結(jié),結(jié)合物
n.公債,債券,契約 breakdown n.破裂
n.分類(lèi),(精神等)衰竭 fold v.折疊(用于數(shù)詞后的詞綴)倍
219 go for 追求 220 go in 進(jìn)入,參加 221 go through 經(jīng)歷
222 hand on 傳下來(lái),依次傳遞 223 hand out 分發(fā),散發(fā) 224 hand over 交出,移交
225 have a bearing on 與……有關(guān)系
226 have difficulty with 與……有分歧,相處不好 227 hold back 躊躇,退縮,阻止 228 hold down 控制
229 hold on to 緊緊抓住,堅(jiān)持 230 hold on 繼續(xù),握住不放,堅(jiān)持 231 hold out 維持,伸出,提出,堅(jiān)持 232 hold up 保持良好,停止;阻滯 233 hold up 舉起,承載,阻擋 234 if only(要是該多好,)表虛擬 235 in use 在使用
chart n.&v.(制)圖表
v.詳細(xì)計(jì)劃code n.代碼,代號(hào)
n.法典,法規(guī)coherent a.黏著的 a.(討論中)一致的column n.圓柱,柱狀物
n.(報(bào)刊中的)專(zhuān)欄condition n.情況
v.被----制約consideration n.考慮
n.考慮因素cover v.覆蓋
v.給?.保險(xiǎn);采訪(fǎng)discount v.打折 v.漠視,對(duì)?不全信distinct a.不同的 a.清楚的,明白的establish v.建立?機(jī)構(gòu)
v.確認(rèn),證實(shí)establishment n.建立
n.機(jī)構(gòu)evolution n.進(jìn)化
n.緩慢進(jìn)步exploit v.開(kāi)發(fā),剝削
n.功勞,功績(jī)fellowship n.伙伴,友誼
n.獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金figure n.數(shù)字,圖形,圖表,體態(tài),相貌
v.出現(xiàn)(in);推斷(on)(to figure in history 在歷史上留名 They ~d on your arriving.他們預(yù)料你會(huì)來(lái))finance n.財(cái)政,金融
v.為?提供資金flatly ad.水平地,平坦地ad.斷然地,直截了當(dāng)?shù)?He flatly refused to join us)(five-fold 五倍 hundredfold 百倍)
foreign a.外國(guó)的a.無(wú)關(guān)的,不相干的 given a.規(guī)定的,指定的prep.鑒于,考慮到,倘若 gross a.毛,總
a.明顯的 harbor n.海港,港口 v.心懷;給?提供避難處 hint n.暗示,示意
n.(pl)建議,點(diǎn)子 idea n.理論 n.思想,觀點(diǎn) import v.進(jìn)口
n.要旨,含義 inform v.通知,告訴 v.告發(fā),告密(~~ on sb)level a.水平的 v.對(duì)準(zhǔn),指責(zé)(Criticism have been leveled against him.)interpret v.解說(shuō)
v.口譯 mirror n.鏡子
n.反映,反射 oblige v.強(qiáng)迫,強(qiáng)制 v.感激,感謝be obliged to package n.包裹 n.一攬子交易(計(jì)劃等)(package deal 一攬子交易)particular a.個(gè)別的,特定的a.(用于表語(yǔ))過(guò)分講究的,挑剔的
pattern n.樣式,模式
v.仿制,模仿 peculiar a.獨(dú)特的,個(gè)人的 a.怪癖的 platform n.站臺(tái),月臺(tái)
n.黨綱,政綱 practically ad.實(shí)際上
ad.幾乎,差不多 preparation n.準(zhǔn)備,預(yù)備
n.制劑,制備品 promise v.承諾,諾言
n.希望,出息 promising a.有希望的,有前途的 pronounced a.明顯的,顯著的,確切的 provided pp.被提供的 conj.倘若
province n.省
n.領(lǐng)域 provincial a.鄉(xiāng)下的 a.目光狹隘的 provision n.供應(yīng),給養(yǎng)
n.條款,規(guī)定 reach v.抵達(dá)
n.影響范圍 far-reaching的影響深遠(yuǎn)的
reason n.原因
v.推理 reasoning n.推理
reserve n.儲(chǔ)備,保留
n.緘默,謹(jǐn)慎,矜持 routine n.慣例
n.司空見(jiàn)慣的事 royalty n.王族(成員)n.(著作的)版稅 safe a.安全的a.謹(jǐn)慎的 save v.救
prep.除..之外
school n.學(xué)校
n.學(xué)派,流派 second num.第二 v.附和,贊成 sensation n.感覺(jué),知覺(jué)
n.轟動(dòng),激動(dòng) side n.側(cè)面,邊
v.偏袒,援助 solid a.固體的a.可靠的,有根據(jù)的,確實(shí)的 some a.一些
ad.大約,稍微(some 10 years ago 大約十年前)(It`s some warmer 今天稍暖和了點(diǎn))
specialty n.特性
n.特產(chǎn),特制品 spell v.拼寫(xiě) v.招致,帶來(lái)
n.符咒(Does laziness always ~~ failure? 懶惰總會(huì)導(dǎo)致失敗嗎?
That view might spell doom for marriage 這種觀念可能會(huì)把婚姻引入絕境)
stomach n.胃 v.忍受,忍耐 How can you stomach their affronts? 你怎么能夠忍受他們的侮辱?
substantially ad.實(shí)際上,實(shí)質(zhì)上
ad.(引申)大幅度地
be subject to a.易于
a.服從 thrust v.刺,攻擊,推
n.要點(diǎn),要旨 The whole thrust of the project was to make money.計(jì)劃的核心在于贏利
retire on 依靠……退休
have…relation…to 與……有關(guān)系 up to 達(dá)到……的規(guī)模
come to the conclusion 形成某種結(jié)論 make of 提出 in detail 詳細(xì)地
not…but結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)譯為“不是……而是……”,但這樣就顯得羅嗦,所以譯為“與……無(wú)關(guān)”,但(另一些有關(guān))。a amount of指“數(shù)量達(dá)到……”, be related to指“與……有關(guān)”.be so made that 意為如…構(gòu)成,不符合漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣,所以譯為就是如此.in principle 總的說(shuō)來(lái) deal with 應(yīng)付…… all that 這一切包括
overall productivity 綜合生產(chǎn)力水平Joint investment 聯(lián)合投資 Drive 驅(qū)動(dòng)
far too many 太多的(比實(shí)際需要)re-engineering in a mechanistic fashion 以簡(jiǎn)單機(jī)械的方式 chop out 削減
第四篇:2018年考研英語(yǔ)翻譯方法之逆序法
凱程考研,為學(xué)員服務(wù),為學(xué)生引路!
2018年考研英語(yǔ)翻譯方法之逆序法
逆序法:英語(yǔ)有些長(zhǎng)句的表達(dá)次序與漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣不同,甚至完全相反,這時(shí)必
須從原文后面開(kāi)始翻譯。
例如:
例1.Aluminum remained unknown until the nineteenth century,because nowhere in nature is it found free,owing to its always being combined with other elements,most commonly with oxygen,for which it has a strong affinity.分析:這個(gè)句子由一個(gè)主句,兩個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)和一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,“鋁直到19世紀(jì)才被人
發(fā)現(xiàn)”是主句,也是全句的中心內(nèi)容,全句共有四個(gè)謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu),共有五層意思:
A.鋁直到19世紀(jì)才被人發(fā)現(xiàn);
B.由于在自然界找不到游離狀態(tài)的鋁;
C.由于它總是跟其他元素結(jié)合在一起;
D.最普遍的是跟氧結(jié)合;
E.鋁跟氧有很強(qiáng)的親和力。
按照漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣通常因在前,果在后,這樣,我們可以逆著原文的順序把該句翻譯成:鋁總是跟其他元素結(jié)合在一起,最普遍的是跟氧結(jié)合;因?yàn)殇X跟氧有很強(qiáng)的親和力,由于這個(gè)原因,在自然界找不到游離狀態(tài)的鋁。所以,鋁直到19世紀(jì)才被人發(fā)現(xiàn)。
例2.It therefore becomes more and more important that,if students are not to waste their opportunities,there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice.分析:該句由一個(gè)主句,一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句和一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句組成,“??變得越來(lái)越重要”是主句,也是全句的中心內(nèi)容,全句共有三個(gè)謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu),包含三層含義:
A.??變的越來(lái)越重要;
B.如果要使學(xué)生充分利用他們的機(jī)會(huì);
C.得為他們提供大量更為詳盡的信息,作更多的指導(dǎo)。
為了使譯文符合漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣,我們也采用逆序法,翻譯成:因此,如果要使學(xué)生充分利用他們(上大學(xué))的機(jī)會(huì),就得為他們提供大量關(guān)于課程的更為詳盡的信息,作更多的指導(dǎo)。這個(gè)問(wèn)題顯得越來(lái)越重要了。
下面我們?cè)倥e幾個(gè)實(shí)例:
例3.It is probably easier for teachers than for students to appreciate the reasons why learning English seems to become increasingly difficult once the basic structures and patterns of the language have been understood.一旦了解英語(yǔ)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和句型,再往下學(xué)似乎就越來(lái)越難了,這其中的原因,也許教師比學(xué)生更容易理解。
例4.They(the poor)are the first to experience technological progress as a curse which destroysthe old muscle-power jobs that previous generations used as a
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means to fight their way out of poverty.對(duì)于以往幾代人來(lái)說(shuō),舊式的體力勞動(dòng)是一種用以擺脫貧困的手段,而技術(shù)的進(jìn)步則摧毀了窮人賴(lài)以為生的體力勞動(dòng),因此首先體驗(yàn)到技術(shù)進(jìn)步之害的是窮人。
例5.A great number of graduate students were driven into the intellectual slum when in the United States the intellectual poor became the classic poor,the poor under the rather romantic guise of the Beat Generation,a real phenomenon in the late fifties.50年代后期的美國(guó)出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)任何人都不可能視而不見(jiàn)的現(xiàn)象,窮知識(shí)分子以“跨掉的一代”這種頗為浪漫的姿態(tài)出現(xiàn)而成為美國(guó)典型的窮人,正是這個(gè)時(shí)候大批大學(xué)生被趕進(jìn)了知識(shí)分子的貧民窟。
例6.Such is a human nature in the West that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers.許多人寧愿犧牲比較高的工資以換取成為白領(lǐng)工人的社會(huì)地位,這在西方倒是人之常情。
例7.Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world;they would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds,if it were not for the protection we get from insect-eating animals.假如沒(méi)有那些以昆蟲(chóng)為食的動(dòng)物保護(hù)我們,昆蟲(chóng)將吞噬我們所有的莊稼,害死我們的牛羊家畜,使我們不能生存于世。
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第五篇:2018年考研英語(yǔ)翻譯方法之順序法
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2018年考研英語(yǔ)翻譯方法之順序法
英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣于用長(zhǎng)的句子表達(dá)比較復(fù)雜的概念,而漢語(yǔ)則不同,常常使用若干短句,作層次分明的敘述。因此,在進(jìn)行英譯漢時(shí),要特別注意英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)之間的差異,將英語(yǔ)的長(zhǎng)句分解,翻譯成漢語(yǔ)的短句。在英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句的翻譯過(guò)程中,我們一般采取下列的方法。
順序法:當(dāng)英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句的內(nèi)容的敘述層次與漢語(yǔ)基本一致時(shí),可以按照英語(yǔ)原文的 順序翻譯成漢語(yǔ)。例如:
例1.Even when we turn off the beside lamp and are fast asleep,electricity is working for us,driving our refrigerators,heating our water,or keeping our rooms air-conditioned.(84年考題)
分析:該句子由一個(gè)主句,三個(gè)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)的現(xiàn)在分詞以及位于句首的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句組成,共有五層意思:A.既使在我們關(guān)掉了床頭燈深深地進(jìn)入夢(mèng)鄉(xiāng)時(shí);B.電仍在為我們工作;C.幫我們開(kāi)動(dòng)電冰箱;D.加熱水;E.或是室內(nèi)空調(diào)機(jī)繼續(xù)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。上述五層意思的邏輯關(guān)系以及表達(dá)的順序與漢語(yǔ)完全一致,因此,我們可以通過(guò)順序法,把該句翻譯成:即使在我們關(guān)掉了床頭燈深深地進(jìn)入夢(mèng)鄉(xiāng)時(shí),電仍在為我們工作:幫我們開(kāi)動(dòng)電冰箱,把水加熱,或使室內(nèi)空調(diào)機(jī)繼續(xù)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。
例2.But now it is realized that supplies of some of them are limited,and it is even possibleto give a reasonable estimate of their “expectation of life”,the time it will take to exhaust allknown sources and reserves of these materials.(84年考題)
分析:該句的骨干結(jié)構(gòu)為“It is realized that?”,it為形式主語(yǔ),that引導(dǎo)著主語(yǔ)從句以及并列的it is even possible to?結(jié)構(gòu),其中,不定式作主語(yǔ),the time?是“expectationof life”的同位語(yǔ),進(jìn)一步解釋其含義,而time后面的句子是它的定語(yǔ)從句。五個(gè)謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu),表達(dá)了四個(gè)層次的意義:
A.可是現(xiàn)在人們意識(shí)到;
B.其中有些礦物質(zhì)的蘊(yùn)藏量是有限的;
C.人們甚至還可以比較合理的估計(jì)出這些礦物質(zhì)“可望存在多少年”;
D.將這些已知礦源和儲(chǔ)量將消耗殆盡的時(shí)間。
根據(jù)同位語(yǔ)從句的翻譯方法,把
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有個(gè)性的人;他們還要屈從于由男性主宰的文化傳統(tǒng)強(qiáng)加給他們的種種束縛。
例4.This method of using“controls”can be applied to a variety of situations,and can beused to find the answer to questions as widely different as “Must moisture be present if iron is torust?” and “Which variety of beans gives the greatest yield in one season?”
這種使用參照物的方法可以應(yīng)用于許多種情況,也能用來(lái)找到很不相同的各種問(wèn)題的答案,從“鐵生銹,是否必須有一定的濕度才行?”到“哪種豆類(lèi)一季的產(chǎn)量最高?”
例5.It begins as a childlike interest in the grand spectacle and exciting event;it grows as amature interest in the variety and complexity of the drama,the splendid achievements and terriblefailures;it ends as deep sense of the mystery of man`s life of all the dead,great and obscure,who once walked the earth,and of wonderful and awful possibilities of being a human being.我們對(duì)歷史的愛(ài)好起源于我們最初僅對(duì)一些歷史上的宏偉場(chǎng)面和激動(dòng)人心的事件感到孩童般的興趣;其后,這種愛(ài)好變得成熟起來(lái),我們開(kāi)始對(duì)歷史這出“戲劇”的多樣性和復(fù)雜性,對(duì)歷史上的輝煌成就和悲壯失敗也感興趣;對(duì)歷史的愛(ài)好,最終以我們對(duì)人類(lèi)生命的一種深沉的神秘感而告結(jié)束。對(duì)死去的,無(wú)論是偉大與平凡,所有在這個(gè)地球上走過(guò)而已逝的人,都有能取得偉大奇跡或制造可怕事件的潛力。
例6.If parents were prepared for this adolescent reaction,and realized that it was a sign that the child was growing up and developing valuable powers of observation and independent judgment,they would not be so hurt,and therefore would not drive the child into opposition byresenting and resisting it.如果做父母的對(duì)這種青少年的反應(yīng)有所準(zhǔn)備,而且認(rèn)為這是一個(gè)顯示出孩子正在成長(zhǎng),正在發(fā)展珍貴的觀察力和獨(dú)立的判斷力的標(biāo)志,他們就不會(huì)感到如此傷心,所以也就不會(huì)因?qū)Υ擞袘嵑藓头磳?duì)的情緒而把孩子推到對(duì)立面去。
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