第一篇：土木工程畢業(yè)論文摘要(中英文)

摘要

隨著社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的不斷發(fā)展，房地產(chǎn)的開發(fā)處于上升空間。伴隨而來的是人們對(duì)商業(yè)用房、住宅越來越高的要求，這主要表現(xiàn)在環(huán)境、經(jīng)濟(jì)、功能和舒服度等方面。所以現(xiàn)在對(duì)項(xiàng)目編制者來說有了更高的要求。工程項(xiàng)目的開發(fā)一般分為項(xiàng)目前期計(jì)劃階段，項(xiàng)目實(shí)施階段和項(xiàng)目竣工交付使用段。在編制項(xiàng)目策劃書過程中，我們要詳細(xì)介紹這三個(gè)階段考慮的問題以及解決方案。項(xiàng)目的前期策劃主要是識(shí)別項(xiàng)目的需要，確定項(xiàng)目的方向，對(duì)項(xiàng)目作出決策，是項(xiàng)目的孕育階段。工程項(xiàng)目前期策劃過程中可以按以下方法：項(xiàng)目構(gòu)思的產(chǎn)生和選擇、項(xiàng)目目標(biāo)設(shè)計(jì)和項(xiàng)目定義、可行性研究、評(píng)價(jià)和決策。同時(shí)在這個(gè)階段中對(duì)項(xiàng)目實(shí)施的成本和工期有一定的計(jì)劃。項(xiàng)目實(shí)施階段是把平面實(shí)現(xiàn)立體復(fù)雜的過程，里面包含了項(xiàng)目的管理模式和技術(shù)要領(lǐng)。確立這些關(guān)鍵性的事物才能高效的實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)。項(xiàng)目實(shí)施過程中主要考慮到工程進(jìn)度控制、工程成本控制以及工程項(xiàng)目質(zhì)量管理。最后，項(xiàng)目經(jīng)過各方驗(yàn)收達(dá)到標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以后交付使用。在接下去的章節(jié)中詳細(xì)項(xiàng)目策劃書的各個(gè)過程。

關(guān)鍵字：項(xiàng)目概況；項(xiàng)目計(jì)劃；工作目標(biāo)；成本控制；工作程序；工程管理；

Abstract

With the continuous development of the socio-economic, the real estate development is raising space.Accompanied by the pursuit of commercial buildings, residential increasing, this was reflected in the environmental, economic, functional and comfortable degree.So now,on project preparation for higher requirements.Project development generally divided into pre-project planning phase, the project implementation stage and project complete consign is used section.In the process of compiling project planning book, we will detail the three stage considering problems and solutions.The planning stage of the project is to identify the needs of the project, to determine the direction of the project, to make decisions on the project, is a nascent stage of the project.Project early in the planning process by the following methods: idea generation and selection of the project, the design of the project objectives and the project definition, feasibility study, evaluation and decision-making.At the same time in the stages of project implementation cost and time limit for a project has a certain plan.The project implementation phase plane dimensional complex process, contains the project management mode and technical main point.We establish these critical things to achieve goals efficiently.In the process of project implementation main consideration to project progress control, engineering cost control and project quality management.Finally, project delivered after the acceptance of all parties to achieve the standard.Project planning book described in detail in the next chapter.Key words：Project Overview；Project plan；Work target； Cost control；Working procedures； Project management；

第二篇：土木工程專業(yè)畢業(yè)論文中英文摘要

XX大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）

摘要

本文主要針對(duì)新建鐵路精伊線莫仁至阿恰勒段的初步設(shè)計(jì)及相關(guān)程序設(shè)計(jì)。設(shè)計(jì)的具體內(nèi)容由以下幾個(gè)部分組成：結(jié)合地形、地質(zhì)條件，在帶狀等高線地形圖上，按初步設(shè)計(jì)的步驟，選定線路的基本走向，并進(jìn)行路基設(shè)計(jì)，包括線路的平面定線、平面設(shè)計(jì)、縱斷面設(shè)計(jì)、橫斷面設(shè)計(jì)、路基土石方計(jì)算程序設(shè)計(jì)、平面坐標(biāo)計(jì)算程序設(shè)計(jì)、及相關(guān)外文科技文獻(xiàn)翻譯一篇。

平面定線過程中，根據(jù)坡度的變化，注意緊坡地段和緩坡地段的定線要求及定線技巧，在設(shè)計(jì)過程中，由于兩站之間有較大的高程差，所以為了減少挖方量和爭(zhēng)取最大高程，線路采用較大的坡度上坡，并注意使直線與曲線相互協(xié)調(diào)，充分考慮夾直線和緩和曲線長度的要求；縱斷面設(shè)計(jì)中，注意最大坡度、坡段長度、坡段連接與坡度折減等問題，在變坡點(diǎn)處應(yīng)合理設(shè)置豎曲線 ；在平面坐標(biāo)計(jì)算程序設(shè)計(jì)中，對(duì)兩種方法進(jìn)行比較，采用Fortran語言編制計(jì)算程序；在橫斷面設(shè)計(jì)過程中，考慮曲線地段路基面加寬等問題。

整個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)分幾個(gè)階段進(jìn)行，每一階段的工作都需要綜合考慮、精心設(shè)計(jì)。設(shè)計(jì)的前后都要進(jìn)行必要的比較、檢算，符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以后，提交有關(guān)設(shè)計(jì)成果，完成設(shè)計(jì)。

關(guān)鍵詞：平面縱斷面豎曲線路基橫斷面

XX大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）

Abstract

The article aims in designing new-built railway preliminarily for JingYi line from Moren to Aqiale section and relevant programs.The concrete contents of the design are as follows : Following the procedures of preliminary design , combine the topography、geology condition , select the basic trend of the line on the topographic map of belt contour , and start the subgrade design，including level location、level section design、profile design、cross section design、subgrade cubic meter of earth and stone calculation program and design、level coordinate calculation program of line and design、translating a relevant foreign technological bibliography.During the course of level location, follow the gradient changes to locate the line;pays attention to the tight slope land sector and the gentle slope land sector decides the line request and decides the line skill, in design process between, because two stands has a bigger elevation difference, therefore in order to reduce the volume of excavation the quantity and strives for the maximum elevation, the line uses an greater slope uphill, and the attention causes the straight line and the curveinter coordination, the full consideration clamps the straight line to be gentle and the length of curve request;In profile design , we must pay attention to the maximum grade、the connection of grade section and compensation of gradient etc;On the grade change point, we should dispose the vertical curve reasonably.During the course of level coordinate calculation program and design, compare thee two methods and use the C Language to program;In the cross section design, consider the problems of broadening subgrade on curve section.The whole design is divided into several stages to conduct.Every stage requires integrated consideration and careful design.The essential comparison and checkout both are required to do before and after designing.When the design conforms to the standard, submit relevant achievements of design, and then finish the design

Key Words:Level section、Profile、Vertical curve、Subgrade、Cross Section-2-

第三篇：工商管理畢業(yè)論文(中英文摘要)

摘要:近些年，我國連鎖超市得到了很快發(fā)展，但是不可否認(rèn)，我國零售業(yè)連鎖超市的發(fā)展還存在不少問題，與國外零售業(yè)連鎖超市的發(fā)展還存在很大的差距。為此，需要對(duì)國外內(nèi)外零售業(yè)連鎖超市發(fā)展進(jìn)行比較，并從中發(fā)現(xiàn)我國零售業(yè)連鎖超市存在的問題及與國外的差距，進(jìn)而在此基礎(chǔ)上提出發(fā)展建議。本文首先對(duì)連鎖超市基本理論進(jìn)行了概述，這是本文進(jìn)行比較的理論基礎(chǔ)。接著文章分析中外零售業(yè)連鎖超市發(fā)展與現(xiàn)狀，在此基礎(chǔ)上，文章對(duì)中外零售業(yè)連鎖超市的有關(guān)情況進(jìn)行了比較。最后，文章分析了中國零售業(yè)連鎖超市企業(yè)發(fā)展存在的問題，并借鑒國外連鎖超市發(fā)展經(jīng)驗(yàn)，提出了進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)我國零售業(yè)連鎖超市發(fā)展的措施。

關(guān)鍵詞:零售業(yè) 連鎖超市 比較 措施

Abstract:In these years, catena supermarket developed very quickly in our country，but we can't deny that there are a few problems in the development of retail trade catena supermarket in our country, and there is very big margin with the development of the foreign retail trade catena supermarket still.For this, we need to carry on a comparison with the development of foreign retail trade catena supermarket and find problem of retail trade catena supermarket in our country from it also and find the margin with retail trade catena supermarketof the abroad.Then on this foundation we put forward development suggestion.At first the text carried on saying all of the basic theories of the catena supermarket and this is theories foundation of this text to carry on comparison.Immediately after, the article analyzes the Chinese and Foreign retail trade catena supermarket development and present condition.On this foundation, the article carried on a comparison about the relevant circumstance of Chinese and Foreign retail trade catena supermarket.Finally, the article analyzed problem of the Chinese retail trade catena supermarket development and draw lessons from the foreign catena supermarket development experience also and put forward further the measure to promote development of retail trade catena supermarket in our country.Key words: comparative measures of retail supermarket chains

第四篇：5、畢業(yè)論文中英文摘要

某某大學(xué)2008屆畢業(yè)論文

互動(dòng)——廣播新聞發(fā)展的必然選擇

摘要：在當(dāng)今時(shí)代，互動(dòng)已成為構(gòu)成傳播意識(shí)的重要元素，并逐漸成為各類媒體的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。它不僅是新聞節(jié)目制作的突出亮點(diǎn)，更是新聞節(jié)目中增添生氣活力和提升傳播效應(yīng)的原動(dòng)力。在現(xiàn)今激烈的媒體競(jìng)爭(zhēng)之下，廣播新聞應(yīng)如何發(fā)揮自身優(yōu)勢(shì)，提升互動(dòng)意識(shí)、增強(qiáng)互動(dòng)效應(yīng)就成了值得廣播媒體人思考的重要問題。本文以廣播新聞為切入點(diǎn)，由挖掘互動(dòng)廣播新聞的內(nèi)涵入手，分析了廣播新聞節(jié)目為何要互動(dòng)的原因以及互動(dòng)的途徑，通過對(duì)其前景所作展望得出結(jié)論，互動(dòng)確實(shí)是廣播新聞發(fā)展的必然選擇。

關(guān)鍵詞：互動(dòng)，廣播，新聞

某某大學(xué)2008屆畢業(yè)論文

Interaction: The Inevitable Choice of the Development of

Broadcast News

Abstract: Nowadays, interactive communication has become an important element and has gradually become a trend of media.It is not only a prominent bright spot in news program production, but is also the driving force to increase vitality and enhance the dissemination.Thus, in the highly competitive media today, how broadcast news play their own advantages, enhance interaction awareness and strengthen the interactive effect become important issues.This paper excavates the conception of the interactive broadcast news, and analyzes the reasons and ways of interaction in programmers.Furthermore, by making a summary of its prospect, we could get a conclusion that interaction is the inevitable choice of the development of broadcast news.Key words: interaction, broadcast, news

以上為往屆同學(xué)論文的中英文摘要格式示例，需要大家根據(jù)自己文章的實(shí)際撰寫內(nèi)容以相同格式書寫。

第五篇：旅游畢業(yè)論文中英文摘要

摘 要

人類旅游活動(dòng)在本質(zhì)上是一種文化活動(dòng)，是自由生命表現(xiàn)的一種形式，屬于精神性的享受，是文化驅(qū)使的結(jié)果。在多維文化視野中，現(xiàn)代旅游愈益突出了文化的內(nèi)涵與價(jià)值。

但伴隨著旅游業(yè)的快速發(fā)展，各種旅游經(jīng)營者盲目開發(fā)建設(shè)、監(jiān)管部門保護(hù)不力以及旅游者對(duì)旅游環(huán)境的破壞等，導(dǎo)致我國旅游資源遭到了極大的破壞，其原有的內(nèi)涵與價(jià)值正在逐步降低直至消失。從文化的獨(dú)特視野，本文首先分析了我國旅游資源保護(hù)問題的提出，并闡述了其保護(hù)現(xiàn)狀，最后論文著重提出了如何對(duì)我國旅游資源進(jìn)行保護(hù)的有效措施。

關(guān)鍵詞： 文化；文化視野；旅游資源；旅游資源保護(hù)

I

Abstract

Human tourist activity is a kind of cultural activity in essence and which is a form of the expression of free life, it belongs to the spiritual enjoyment, which is the result that the culture drives.In the vision of multi-culture, modern tourist has highlighted the connotations and values of the culture.With the rapid development of tourism, unreasonable and blind development and construction of the resources conducted by various sorts of tourist proprietors, the inefficient preservation the supervising sections provide and the destruction tourists bring to the tourist resources have led to the great damage to our country’s tourist resources, which gradually diminish and consume the original connotations and values of culture.In the unique prospect of culture, firstly, this paper analyzes the preservation problems of our country’s tourist resources and explains the current situation of it.In the end of the paper, it emphatically comes up the measures to the preservation of the tourist resources in our country.Key words: culture；culture prospect；tourist resources；the protection of tourism resources

II