第一篇：2016高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 沖刺第4練 閱讀+完形+短文改錯(cuò)

第4練 閱讀＋完形＋短文改錯(cuò)

Ⅰ.閱讀理解

A

體裁：演講稿 話題：成就夢(mèng)想 詞數(shù)：320 時(shí)間：7′

Mrs.Obama spoke to the graduates of Martin Luther King Jr.High School on Saturday in her only high school commencement(畢業(yè)典禮)speech this year.The ceremony took place in the gymnasium of Tennessee State University.The first lady told the 170 graduates that she spent too much of her time in college focusing on academic achievements.While her success in college and law school led to a good job，she said，she ended up focusing on public service.“My message to you today is that don't waste a minute living someone else's dream，” she said.“It takes a lot of real work to discover what brings you joy and you won't find what you love simply by checking mailboxes or surfing the net.”

She said MLK reminded her of her own high school experience in Chicago.“My No.1 goal was to go to a high school that would push me and challenge me，” she said.“I wanted to go somewhere that would celebrate achievement.Unfortunately，schools like this don't exist for every kid，” she said.“You are blessed.”

The first lady told graduates that failure may be a part of their college lives and careers，and that how they respond determines what they will become.“That's when you find out what you're really made of in those hard times，” she said.“But you can only do that if you're willing to put yourself in a position where you might fail.” Overcoming difficulties has been the mark of many great people，she said，“Oprah was demoted(降職)from her first job as a news reporter，and now she doesn't even need a last name，” she said of media giant Oprah Winfrey.“And then there's this guy Barack Obama.I could take up a whole afternoon talking about his failures.He lost his first race for Congress”，the first lady joked，“and now he gets to call himself my husband.”

【語(yǔ)篇解讀】 本文是一篇美國(guó)第一夫人米歇爾·奧巴馬致畢業(yè)生的演講稿，演講的主題是不要辜負(fù)自己的夢(mèng)想。1．When choosing her high school，Mrs.Obama ________．

A．was willing to meet challenges B．was pushed to make a choice C．failed to find an ideal school D．wanted to study law 答案 A [細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句中的“My No.1 goal was to go to a high school that would push me and challenge me”可知，她樂(lè)于面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)。故選A。] 2．By mentioning Oprah's example，Mrs.Obama wanted to tell graduates ________．

A．to start as a news reporter B．to work hard to get promoted C．to be brave enough to risk failing D．not to waste time doing what they dislike 答案 C [推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第四句中的“Overcoming difficulties has been the mark of many great people”可推知，她提到Oprah，是想告訴畢業(yè)生們要勇敢地面對(duì)失敗，失敗只是他們大學(xué)生活和職業(yè)生涯中的一部分。故選C。] 3．What do we know about Mrs.Obama from the text? A．This was the first time she had given a speech to graduates.B．She complained about her school life in her speech.C．She is a graduate of Tennessee State University.D．She is enthusiastic about public service.答案 D [細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“she ended up focusing on public service”可知，D項(xiàng)正確；根據(jù)第一段可排除A、C兩項(xiàng)；根據(jù)第三段可排除B項(xiàng)，米歇爾只是感慨這樣的學(xué)校并非為每個(gè)孩子而存在，并不是抱怨她的高中生活。故選D。] 4．Where can you probably find this text? A．In a politics book.B．On a news website.C．In a graduation paper.D．On Mrs.Obama's blog.答案 B [推理判斷題。本文是奧巴馬夫人致畢業(yè)生的演講稿，會(huì)成為一則熱點(diǎn)新聞，所以應(yīng)出現(xiàn)在新聞網(wǎng)站上。故選B。]

B

體裁：說(shuō)明文 話題：GPS的功能 詞數(shù)：365 時(shí)間：6′

Scientists know where earthquakes are likely to take place.But it is difficult for them to predict how strong an earthquake will be.Now，American researchers have found that it may be possible to predict the strength of future quakes.The Earth's crust(地殼)—the outermost surface—is made up of large tectonic plates(地質(zhì)板塊)．As many as 20 tectonic plates cover the Earth.They move slowly，sometimes sliding under one another.Where that happens，earthquakes can take place.Timothy H．Dixon is a geologist of the University of South Florida.He and other scientists are using the global positioning system，or GPS to measure what he calls “slow－slip” events.By that，he means slow－moving earthquakes that cannot be measured by other instruments.“They're the kind of earthquake that made the big Japan earthquake in 2011 and the Sumatra earthquake and tsunami(海嘯)in 2004.So they can be the real killers.So what we think these slow－slip events are telling us is，they're letting off steam，so to speak，in areas of the fault.And if they let off enough steam，that part of the fault won't rupture．”

The more of the fault that ruptures，he says，the more powerful the earthquake is.The scientists set up a number of GPS receivers 15 years ago in Costa Rica to measure the “slow－slip” events，which take place only every year or two.People always want to know when an earthquake is going to happen.This technology cannot predict that.But Timothy Dixon says knowing how strong the quake might give officials time to improve building codes and make other preparations.“You know the earthquake is more－or－less unavoidable.Even if you don't know exactly when it's going to happen，since you know it's going to happen，and you know how big it' s going to be，you can prepare accordingly.”

【語(yǔ)篇解讀】 通過(guò)一般的方法只能了解到可能會(huì)在哪些地方發(fā)生地震，如果用GPS則能預(yù)測(cè)地震的強(qiáng)度。

5．When will an earthquake happen according to the passage? A．When “slow－slip” plates meet each other.B．When a tectonic plate is under another.C．When two tectonic plates move at the same speed.D．When tectonic plates move very slowly.答案 B [細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“sometimes sliding under one another.Where that happens，earthquakes can take place.”可知，當(dāng)一塊地質(zhì)板塊進(jìn)入到另一塊的下面時(shí)，地震就發(fā)生了。] 6．According to Timothy Dixon，“slow－slip” events ________．

A．can lead to large，sometimes deadly earthquakes B．take place at any time every year in Costa Rica C．mean slow and weak earthquakes D．can never be turned into earthquakes 答案 A [推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“They're the kind of earthquake that made the big Japan earthquake in 2011 and the Sumatra earthquake and tsunami in 2004.So they can be the real killers.”可知，這種慢速的板塊運(yùn)動(dòng)是2011年日本大地震和2004年蘇門(mén)答臘地震和海嘯發(fā)生的原因，它們是真正的殺手。由此可推知，這種慢速的板塊運(yùn)動(dòng)有時(shí)會(huì)導(dǎo)致大的、致命的地震。] 7．The underlined word “rupture” probably means ________．

A．reduce C．a(chǎn)ppear

B．break D．a(chǎn)dvance 答案 B [詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第五段可知，當(dāng)這樣的板塊越??，地震的強(qiáng)度就越大。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，地震強(qiáng)度大時(shí)，板塊破裂的程度就越大。故當(dāng)有問(wèn)題的地質(zhì)板塊間釋放出的能量越多，這些板塊就越不可能發(fā)生“破裂”。rupture意為“破裂”。] 8．The passage mainly wants to tell the readers ________．

A．some knowledge about earthquakes B．how to predict earthquakes C．scientists are likely to predict the strength of future quakes D．scientists can predict where earthquakes will happen with GPS 答案 C [主旨大意題。第一段即為主題段，根據(jù)本段最后一句并結(jié)合后面的內(nèi)容可知，文章旨在告訴讀者，今后科學(xué)家能夠預(yù)測(cè)地震的強(qiáng)度。] Ⅱ.完形填空

(2015·寶雞二檢)One evening after reading a story entitled “A Lady”，I began to recall an important moment in my life.It was simple but so precious that it has __9__ inside my mind for years.It was a very cold winter evening when a friend of mine got seriously __10__ and was rushed to Westchester Medical Center，where she stayed unconscious for quite a while.Finally she was __11__．A friend and I decided to __12__ her，so we bought some flowers and were on our way.After quickly parking the car and signing in，we reached her __13__，but only a few minutes were __14__ with her.Pretty soon after our __15__，we were asked to leave by the nurses.We headed out to the car.__16__ did we know that we had to pay for parking.We had no money aside from a spare dollar or two __17__ from our lunch money that day.We had no idea what to do，so I __18__ to pay with whatever money we had，__19__ of course，I was way off.A very sweet－h(huán)earted woman cleared her throat and said “Excuse me” in order to catch my __20__．She handed me a $ 20 bill.I __21__ that she should give me her __22__ and address and I will __23__ pay her back.She refused.I thanked her for her __24__ and told her how much it was appreciated.She turned to me and __25__ with one sentence，“Thank you；being able to help you makes me happy，too.”Her words were so unusual that I was very __26__ to hear that.What she did might be considered a small act of __27__，but it is something I will never forget because it taught me that helping others could __28__ both the givers and the receivers.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】 本文為一篇記敘文。作者無(wú)錢付停車費(fèi)時(shí)得到了一個(gè)好心人的幫助，表達(dá)謝意之后對(duì)方的回答讓作者感到驚訝，這讓作者懂得了“予人玫瑰，手留余香”的道理。9．A.struggled C．changed

B．remained D．recovered 答案 B [根據(jù)“so precious that”可知，它很珍貴，以至于留在作者心里多年。struggle“奮斗”；remain“留下”；change“改變”；recover“恢復(fù)”。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。] 10．A.injured C．punished

B．misunderstood D．scolded 答案 A [根據(jù)后文中的“where she stayed unconscious for quite a while”可知，作者的朋友傷(injured)得很重。misunderstand“誤解”；punish“懲罰”；scold“責(zé)罵”。] 11．A.mad B．ill C．a(chǎn)wake D．a(chǎn)sleep 答案 C [根據(jù)前文中的“she stayed unconscious for quite a while”及下文作者和朋友決定去看她可知，此處表示她終于醒(awake)了。] 12．A.look B．pity C．find D．visit 答案 D [根據(jù)后文中的“so we bought some flowers and were on our way”可知，作者和一個(gè)朋友決定去探望她。visit“拜訪，探望”，符合語(yǔ)境。] 13．A.room B．home C．school D．office 答案 A [前文提到作者和一個(gè)朋友去探望那個(gè)受傷的朋友，后文提到護(hù)士要求他們離開(kāi)，因此他們是去了她的病房。] 14．A.counted B．saved C．a(chǎn)dded D．a(chǎn)llowed 答案 D [根據(jù)后文中的“Pretty soon after our __15__，we were asked to leave by the nurses”可知，作者和朋友只被允許和她在一起待幾分鐘。allow“允許”，符合語(yǔ)境。] 15．A.experience C．disappearance

B．a(chǎn)rrival D．interview 答案 B [探視時(shí)間很短，所以作者和朋友到達(dá)病房后很快就被護(hù)士請(qǐng)了出來(lái)。experience“經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)驗(yàn)”；arrival“到達(dá)”；disappearance“消失”；interview“采訪”。故選B項(xiàng)。] 16．A.Little B．Actually C．Clearly D．Much 答案 A [根據(jù)“did we know”可知，此處使用了部分倒裝，選項(xiàng)中只有將表示否定意義的詞little放于句首才能構(gòu)成倒裝，因此選擇A。] 17．A.earned C．exchanged

B．left D．borrowed 答案 B [根據(jù)前文可知，作者和朋友不知道要付停車費(fèi)，后文提到他們不知道該怎么辦，所以他們除了吃午飯剩下的一兩美元外就沒(méi)錢了。leave“留下，剩下”，符合語(yǔ)境。] 18．A.attempted C．a(chǎn)fforded

B．pretended D．continued 答案 A [根據(jù)前文中的“We had no idea what to do”及“so”的因果關(guān)系可知，此處表示作者試圖(attempted)用所有能拿出來(lái)的錢來(lái)支付。pretend“假裝”；afford“買得起”；continue“繼續(xù)”。] 19．A.because C．a(chǎn)lthough

B．a(chǎn)nd D．or 答案 B [作者想用所有能拿出來(lái)的錢來(lái)支付，當(dāng)然還是差很多。前后為順承關(guān)系，所以選擇B。] 20．A.smile C．a(chǎn)ttention

B．word D．impression 答案 C [根據(jù)前文中的“cleared her throat and said‘Excuse me’”可知，對(duì)方是想引起作者的注意。catch one's attention“吸引某人的注意力”。] 21．A.insisted C．thought

B．imagined D．believed 答案 A [根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，作者堅(jiān)持讓對(duì)方留下聯(lián)系方式以便以后把錢還給她。insist“堅(jiān)持”，符合語(yǔ)境。從句中使用了虛擬語(yǔ)氣。] 22．A.account B．title C．contract D．name 答案 D [根據(jù)后文中的“and address and I will __23__ pay her back”可知，作者希望她把姓名(name)和地址留下以便于以后還錢。] 23．A.probably C．publicly

B．certainly D．honestly 答案 B [作者很感激對(duì)方，說(shuō)將來(lái)一定(certainly)要把錢還給她。probably“可能”；publicly“公開(kāi)地”；honestly“誠(chéng)實(shí)地”。] 24．A.publicity C．generosity

B．loyalty D．creativity 答案 C [對(duì)方遞給了作者20美元，幫助作者付了停車費(fèi)，因此作者感謝她的慷慨相助。publicity“公開(kāi)，宣傳”；loyalty“忠誠(chéng)”；generosity“慷慨”；creativity“創(chuàng)造，創(chuàng)造力”。故選C項(xiàng)。] 25．A.started C．followed

B．shouted D．replied 答案 D [此處指對(duì)方用一句話回答了作者。reply“回答，回應(yīng)”。]

B．a(chǎn)nxious D．calm 26．A.frightened C．surprised 答案 C [根據(jù)對(duì)方的話以及“so unusual”可知，作者感到吃驚。frightened“害怕的”；anxious“焦慮的”；surprised“吃驚的”；calm“平靜的”。故選C項(xiàng)。] 27．A.respect B．order C．kindness D．belief 答案 C [她的做法可能被認(rèn)為是小的善舉，因此選擇C。respect“尊敬”；order“命令”；kindness“善良，善舉”；belief“信仰”。] 28．A.protect B．a(chǎn)ttract C．direct D．benefit 答案 D [此處指幫助別人能使給予幫助和受到幫助的人都受益。protect“保護(hù)”；attract“吸引”；direct“指揮”；benefit“有益于”。故選D項(xiàng)。] Ⅲ.短文改錯(cuò)

假定英語(yǔ)課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫(xiě)的以下作文。文中共有10處語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。

增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)(∧)，并在其下面寫(xiě)出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線()劃掉。

修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下畫(huà)一橫線，并在該詞下面寫(xiě)出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；

2．只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。

The summer holiday is coming.I am going to do much things that I want to do.For examples，firstly I will join a soccer club，because I like playing the soccer.During this holiday，I want to practice more improve my skills.Secondly I will go to see my grandma，which I miss very much.Because I want to stay with him for several days.Lastly I will help my mother do some housework.She has been really tiring during my school days.Besides taking care of me，she also had to work in a factory.Therefore，help her on holiday is what I want to do most.答案 The summer holiday is coming.I am going to do

much things that I want to do.For many examples，firstly I will join a soccer club，because I like playing examplesoccer.During this holiday，I want to practice more

? improve my skills.Secondly towhichBecauseI will go to see my grandma，I miss very much.I want to stay with

whomSohim for several days.Lastly I will help my mother do some housework.She has been hertiringhadreally during my school days.Besides taking care of me，she also to

hastiredwork in a factory.Therefore，help her on holiday is what I want to do most.helping

第二篇：2016高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)沖刺第6練 閱讀+七選五+語(yǔ)法填空+短文改錯(cuò)+書(shū)面表達(dá)

第6練 閱讀＋七選五＋語(yǔ)法填空＋短文改錯(cuò)＋書(shū)面表達(dá)

Ⅰ.閱讀理解

A

體裁：記敘文 話題：日常生活 詞數(shù)：310 時(shí)間：6′

Doris Carvalho，a woman from Tampa，America has come up with an original way of combining her two greatest passions—veterinary science(獸醫(yī)學(xué))and fashion.She recycles dog hair and changes it into high－end designer handbags.Doris loves her new job so much that she hopes to change it into a business—she's currently running a Kickstarter campaign to raise $15，000 toward that purpose.That's just enough money to make her first line of 30 handbags and pay for marketing.“These handbags prove that high－end can be made eco－friendly from your pet for you，” she pointed out.“I turn dog hair that would be rubbish anywhere else in the world into these handbags.I use it to make the thread.It's reused and recycled.”

It takes Doris about 50 hours to complete each one handbag without any machines.She needs about two pounds of fur per handbag and she insists that the completed handbag is as soft as any other fur.It is priced at $1，000，but she says that the price would go down if the products were to ever go into mass production.“I hope in the future I can make it cheaper and sell much cheaper for everyone，” she said.We aren't sure how well these handbags are selling，but according to Jaime Calderbank，owner of One Lucky Dog in St.Petersburg，it all depends on how much people are willing to display their love for their dogs.“I think a few of them that really love their dogs would like something like that，” she said.Doris has managed to raise just $350 ever since she started the campaign，but she has 50 days to reach her $15，000 goal.“I hope people who like the campaign can help，” she said.“Any contribution is welcome.” 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】 Doris Carvalho用廢棄的狗毛做成高端手提包。1．What do you know about Doris Carvalho? A．She makes handbags from dog hair.B．She is studying veterinary science.C．She studied fashion design in college.D．She raises homeless dogs in her hometown.答案 A [細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“She recycles dog hair and changes it into high－end designer handbags.”可知，Doris Carvalho用狗毛做手提包。] 2．Why did Doris Carvalho start the Kickstarter campaign? A．To let more people know her handbags.B．To collect dog hair to make handbags.C．To help protect the environment.D．To raise some money for her business.答案 D [細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“...she hopes to change it into a business—she's currently running a Kickstarter campaign to raise $15，000 toward that purpose.”可知，Doris Carvalho想要把用狗毛做手提包當(dāng)成一項(xiàng)事業(yè)，所以她開(kāi)展了Kickstarter campaign這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)來(lái)籌錢。] 3．It can be inferred from the passage that ________．

A．it is not easy to reuse and recycle dog hair B．dog hair is the most suitable material for handbags C．what Doris has done benefits the surroundings D．no one supported Doris Carvalho's campaign 答案 C [推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知，Doris Carvalho把被當(dāng)作垃圾的狗毛做成手提包，這使得狗毛被回收和再利用，由此可推知，Doris Carvalho的手提包對(duì)環(huán)境有益。]

B

體裁：記敘文 話題：人與自然 詞數(shù)：320 時(shí)間：7′

All trade in five named species of sharks is to be regulated(管制)from now on.Without a permit，the sale of their meat or fins(鰭)will be forbidden.The regulation was agreed last year at a meeting of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species in Thailand.According to the rules，the whitetip(白鰭鯊)，the porbeagle(鼠鯊)，and three varieties of hammerhead will be protected.Besides，manta rays(比目魚(yú))，valued for their gills(鰓)which are used in Chinese medicine，will also be protected.The action is seen as the most important one in the 40－year history to protect these species.“Regulating international trade in these shark and manta ray species has a great effect on their survival and is a very clear way of helping to protect sharks and our oceans，” said Secretary General John Scanlon.“The practical steps will involve issues such as limiting export levels，and identifying the fins，gills and meat that are in trade.This may seem challenging，but by working together we can do it and we will do it.”

Under the rules，all trade in these sharks and rays across 180 countries will not be allowed unless they have got their permits given by the national related organization.As a matter of fact，trade in shark fins has already decreased greatly as a result of campaigns to raise awareness.Recently it has been reported that sales have gone down by 70%.Earlier this year the hotel giant，Hilton Worldwide stopped serving shark fins at its 96 owned and managed Asia－Pacific hotels.However，Denmark，Canada，Guyana，Japan，Iceland and Yemen have all announced they will not follow the new rules and will continue to fish for some or all of these species.Under the regulations though，they are only able to trade with other countries that are also ready to ignore the rules.Officials point out that for such a questioned issue，the number of countries which is going to continue the trade is small.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】 去年在泰國(guó)的一個(gè)國(guó)際會(huì)議上，與會(huì)人員通過(guò)了保護(hù)鯊魚(yú)和比目魚(yú)的規(guī)定。人們需要獲得許可證才能捕殺和交易鯊魚(yú)。

4．The purpose of putting the new rules into force is to ________．

A．limit people's trade in ocean animals' meat B．protect some species of sharks against over fishing C．let fishers know the importance of protecting sharks D．prevent big hotels from serving sharks' meat 答案 B [細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一、二段內(nèi)容可知，實(shí)施新規(guī)定的目的是保護(hù)五種鯊魚(yú)和比目魚(yú)，只有獲得許可，人們才可以捕撈和販賣這些鯊魚(yú)。] 5．Which of the following doesn't belong to species of sharks? A．The manta ray.B．The porbeagle.C．The whitetip.D．The hammerhead.答案 A [細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“According to the rules，the whitetip，the porbeagle，and three varieties of hammerhead will be protected.Besides，manta rays...”可知，比目魚(yú)不屬于鯊魚(yú)。] 6．What can be inferred from John Scanlon' s words in Paragraph Four? A．The regulation may have some negative effects on sharks.B．The export of sharks' meat will be called off in some periods.C．It's nearly impossible to carry out the regulation worldwide.D．Officials are confident that the regulations have a promising future.答案 D [推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“This may seem challenging，but by working together we can do it and we will do it.”可知，John Scanlon認(rèn)為雖然很具有挑戰(zhàn)性，但是只要人們一起努力，保護(hù)鯊魚(yú)的行動(dòng)就會(huì)成功，由此可推知，官方對(duì)新規(guī)定的前景很看好。] 7．Hilton Worldwide is a good example of ________．

A．people's getting their permits to trade in shark fins B．a(chǎn) successful company's managing its wealth C．people's beginning to stop eating shark fins D．people's raising awareness to protect sharks 答案 D [推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段內(nèi)容可知，隨著保護(hù)鯊魚(yú)意識(shí)的提高，鯊魚(yú)交易已經(jīng)大幅度減少了。希爾頓酒店停止向顧客出售魚(yú)翅，這給提高保護(hù)鯊魚(yú)意識(shí)做出了好的表率。] Ⅱ.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。A fear of heights is a common feeling that is easy to understand.According to many psychologists，a fear of heights is one of only two natural fears.__8__If you are on the edge of a cliff，it is useful to be a little afraid.If you are not afraid，you could walk too close to the edge(邊緣)and fall off.Having a fear of heights is good because it protects us from real danger.__9__They experience strong fears even inside a safe environment such as a tall building，which is not a common response and it is not helpful.John Adams，an English teacher，has a strong fear of heights that makes his life very difficult.“As long as I can remember，I have had a powerful fear of heights.__10__For example，when I was with friends in Paris，I became terrified while going up the Eiffel Tower.I was almost crying and I felt embarrassed for the rest of the vacation，Adams said.Fortunately，having an unreasonable fear of heights can be corrected.__11__The most effective way seems to be getting the person to acknowledge(承認(rèn))their fear，for example，by encouraging them to go to the top of tall buildings，hike up tall mountains，or stand on a high bridge.__12__When people face a threatening situation，taking slow，deep breaths can help slow the heart rate and increase the oxygen flow to muscles to keep from tensing(緊張)up.If possible，a few minutes of meditation(沉思)may be effective in reducing some tension.It is important to remember that a fear of heights is not unusual and can be treated.A．Another way to overcome a fear of heights is to learn to control the physical symptoms.B．However，some people have an unreasonable and unhealthy fear of heights.C．One way to defeat your fear of heights is to do an activity that involves nothing but heights.D．There are a number of ways that can be achieved.E．It can completely ruin a vacation.F．The other is a fear of loud noises.G．Nearly everyone experiences some degree of panic when facing heights.答案

8．F [根據(jù)上文“...a fear of heights is one of only two natural fears.”可知，恐高是兩種天然的恐懼之一，另一種是對(duì)大的噪音的恐懼。] 9．B [根據(jù)下文“They experience strong fears even inside a safe environment such as a tall building...”可知，然而有些人會(huì)對(duì)高度產(chǎn)生過(guò)度的恐慌，他們甚至在比如較高的建筑物里也會(huì)感到強(qiáng)烈的恐懼。] 10．E [根據(jù)下文“...when I was with friends in Paris，I became terrified while going up the Eiffel Tower.I was almost crying and I felt embarrassed for the rest of the vacation...”可知，John Adams因?yàn)榭指叨沟米约涸诎屠璧募倨谶^(guò)得很糟糕。] 11．D [根據(jù)上下文“...having an unreasonable fear of heights can be corrected...The most effective way seems to be getting the person to acknowledge their fear”可知，過(guò)度地恐高是可以被改正過(guò)來(lái)的，有許多方法可以做到這一點(diǎn)。最有效的方法就是讓人承認(rèn)他們的恐懼。] 12．A [根據(jù)下文“...taking slow，deep breaths can help slow the heart rate and increase the oxygen flow to muscles to keep from tensing up.”可知，另外一種方法就是控制體征，比如慢慢地深呼吸來(lái)降低心率，讓更多的氧氣流向肌肉來(lái)避免緊張。] Ⅲ.閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

A boy trembled in the cold winter，__13__(wrap)his arms around himself on a bus stop bench.He __14__(wear)warm clothes and the temperature was －10℃.A heartbreaking scene!But the good deeds of the ordinary people who witnessed __15__11－year－old Johannes were both joyous __16__ inspiring.A woman，sitting next to the boy，discovered he was __17__ a school trip and was told to meet his teacher at the bus stop.She __18__(self)covered her own coat around his shoulders.Later，__19__ woman at first gave him her scarf，and then wrapped him in her large jacket.Throughout the day，more and more people offered Johannes their gloves and even the coats off their backs.__20__(actual)，it was a hidden camera experiment by Norwegian charity SOS Children's Village as part of their winter campaign to collect __21__(donate)to help Syrian children get through the winter.Synne Ronning，the information head of the organization，also noted that the child was a volunteer who was never in any __22__(dangerous)during the filming.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】 這是一篇記敘文閱讀。文章主要講述了一個(gè)11歲男孩在汽車站得到好心人的幫助，通過(guò)這件事挪威SOS兒童村發(fā)起救助貧窮的孩子溫暖過(guò)冬的活動(dòng)。

13．wrapping [考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用法。根據(jù)句子的主語(yǔ)a boy是wrap的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者，應(yīng)填現(xiàn)在分詞，故填wrapping。] 14．wasn't wearing [考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)前文的tremble應(yīng)是沒(méi)有穿暖和的衣服，指當(dāng)時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，應(yīng)用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。故判斷應(yīng)填wasn't wearing。] 15．the [考查冠詞。根據(jù)前文這個(gè)11歲的孩子應(yīng)是第二次出現(xiàn)，應(yīng)特指，故填the。] 16．a(chǎn)nd [考查連詞。根據(jù)空前后是并列關(guān)系。故填and。] 17．on [考查介詞。根據(jù)下文的school trip應(yīng)是進(jìn)行，on a school trip進(jìn)行學(xué)校郊游。故填on。] 18．selflessly [考查副詞。根據(jù)空后的cover判斷填副詞形式。故填selflessly。] 19．a(chǎn)nother [考查限定詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，應(yīng)是又一個(gè)婦女。故填another。] 20．Actually [考查副詞。根據(jù)空后的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)，應(yīng)是填副詞，可知填A(yù)ctually。] 21．donations [考查名詞用法。根據(jù)空前的動(dòng)詞collect，應(yīng)填名詞形式。故填donations。] 22．danger [考查名詞。根據(jù)空前的in 和any應(yīng)填名詞形式，故判斷填danger。] Ⅳ.短文改錯(cuò)

假定英語(yǔ)課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫(xiě)的以下作文。文中共有10處語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。

增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)(∧)，并在其下面寫(xiě)出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線()劃掉。

修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下畫(huà)一橫線，并在該詞下面寫(xiě)出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；

2．只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。

There are some voices claimed Lei Feng's spirit has gone out of style in today's society.They think nowadays people should seek more practically things，such as fame，money or a comfortable life.To them everything is more important than those things.However，there are some other people still believe in the spirit of Lei Feng is important in modern society.I agree with the second views.The great soldier's story has a strong influence on people's ideas，values and ways of life on the past.Now we still need it to make us becoming better people so that we can live meaningful lives.答案

There are some voices

claimed Lei Feng's spirit has gone out of style in

claimingtoday's society.They think nowadays people should seek more

practically things，practicalsuch as fame，money oreverything a comfortable life.To them is more important andnothingthan those things.However，there are some other people

? still believe

who/that the spirit of Lei Feng is important in modern society.I agree with the second viewshas.The great soldier's story a strong influence on people's ideas，values viewhadonbecomingand ways of life the past.Now we still need it to make us better inbecomepeople so that we can live meaningful lives.Ⅴ.書(shū)面表達(dá)

你班將舉行一次以“珍愛(ài)生命，遵守交規(guī)”為主題的英語(yǔ)演講比賽，請(qǐng)你按擬定的提綱用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一篇演講稿。

1．經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，私家車增加；

2．違章駕駛，事故頻發(fā)(主要原因?yàn)榫岂{、超速和闖紅燈)； 3．提高安全意識(shí)，并采取有力措施。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；

2．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 【思路導(dǎo)航】

本文是限內(nèi)容、給提綱的控制性作文，由于是寫(xiě)當(dāng)下的社會(huì)現(xiàn)象，所以時(shí)態(tài)要以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)為主。內(nèi)容要符合英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣。比如：“私家車增加”要用英語(yǔ)表達(dá)為“越來(lái)越多的人擁有私家車”。主謂賓狀各個(gè)成分要完整；“事故頻發(fā)”使用happen或take place，且只能用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；“采取措施”用英語(yǔ)表達(dá)為“take steps(measures/action)”。【參考范文】

With the rapid development of China's economy，more and more people own their private cars.Some drivers don't always obey the traffic rules，so traffic accidents are often happening.A recent survey shows in 2012 there are 26 million traffic illegal acts，an average of over 70 thousand a day.Behind the numbers，we can see the seriousness of our country's road safety.The main reason for traffic accidents is drunk driving.Besides，running the red light and speeding also result in this situation.In my point of view，we must take immediate action to reduce the traffic accidents.For example，drivers should be punished without mercy.At the same time，the government should call on people to obey the traffic rules.Only when we cut down the traffic accidents can we live a happier life.[亮點(diǎn)點(diǎn)擊] 此篇文章結(jié)構(gòu)完整，短文使用了較靈活的句式，如簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句、狀語(yǔ)從句和倒裝句等，使文章長(zhǎng)短句結(jié)合，錯(cuò)落有致。同時(shí)，重點(diǎn)突出，詳略得當(dāng)。

亮點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)和詞組：with the rapid development of，an average of，running the red light，without mercy，take action，call on，cut down，live a happier life。

高級(jí)句式：倒裝句(Only when we cut down the traffic accidents can we live a happier life.)；被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(For example，drivers should be punished without mercy.)。

第三篇：高一英語(yǔ)完形改錯(cuò)專練(一) 2011.8.30

2011-8-3011級(jí)英語(yǔ)1×1650單申請(qǐng)人：賈艷勇打印人：z

高一英語(yǔ)完型改錯(cuò)專練

（一）A young man was getting ready to graduate from college．For many，he told him that was all he wanted．

On the morning of his graduation day his father called him into his own he was to have such a fine son.He handed his son a beautiful gift box．，the young manhe box and found a lovely book.,he raised his voice at his father and all your money you give me a book?"and rushed out of the book in the study．

He did not contact(聯(lián)系saw in the street an old man who looked like his father．he had to go back home and see his father.When he arrived at his father’s house，he was told that his father had been in hospital for a week．The moment he was about hospital，just as he had left it one．Suddenly，a car keyfrom an envelope taped behind the book．It had a tag(標(biāo)簽)with the dealer's name, the.On PAID IN FULL.1.A expectedB enjoyedC admiredD owned 2A findingB provingC decidingD knowing 3.A afford

B offerC keep

D like 4.A encouragedB comfortableC proud

D moved 5.A NervousB Serious

C Careful

D Curious 6.A packedB openedC picked upD put aside 7.A AngrilyB EagerlyC CalmlyD Anxiously B.A AtB FromC With

D To 9.A tearingB puttingC forgettingD leaving 10.A until

B as

C before

D unless 11.A IearnedB realizedC recognizedD admitted 12.A get toB search forC turn toD Ieave for 13.A muchB still

C hardlyD quite 14.A yearB monthC week

D day 15.A cleanB readC turn

D count 16.A lostB cameC appearedD dropped 17.A old

B sameC specialD new 18.A remembered B desiredC foundD met 19.A pictureB place

C date

D sign 20.A words

B informationC messages

D card

改錯(cuò): 找出短文中的十處錯(cuò)誤并改正.If l have the honor to be chose to work for the 29th Olympic Games，I will at first improve my English so that I can talk easily about foreign visitors

Second，I will learn more about history of the Olympics as good as the 2008 Olympic Games.Third，since l was familiar with Beijing, I can help visitors findtheir ways in the city.Finally, I should be able to tell visitor about our history and culture and show them their great achievements．In short，I will do my best to help making the Games a success.

第四篇：高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)沖刺演練第3練 閱讀理解+寫(xiě)作

第3練 閱讀理解＋寫(xiě)作

Ⅰ.閱讀理解

A

Whatsonstage.com is the UK’s biggest and best online guide to the performing arts including theatre，opera，classical music，dance and so on.◆The Lion King

Musical：The stage adaptation of the Disney film taken from an original African story.A young lion grows up and learns that taking over the pride requires wisdom and maturity(成熟)．

Place：Lyceum Theatre，Wellington Street，London Telephone：0870 243 9000 Date：Friday，18 Nov.2015 Ticket price：￡37.5 ◆Oliver

Musical：Dickens’ story of a boy in a London workhouse and his adventures on the way to discovering his family.The songs includeFood glorious food，You’ve got

to pick a pocket or two，Who will buy this wonderful morning，I am reviewing the situation and Consider yourself at home.Place：Theatre Royal，Catherine Street，London Telephone：020 7494 5061 Date：Thursday，17 Nov.2015 Ticket price：￡25 but now save 20% ◆Jersey Boys

Musical：It tells the story of FrankieValli and the Four Seasons：the blue－collar kids from New Jersey formed a singing group and became famous.The musical features many of the group’s popular songs such as Big girls don’t cry，Oh，what

a night and Can’t take my eyes off you.Place：Prince Edward Theatre，Old Compton Street，London

Telephone：0870 850 9191 Date：Saturday，19 Nov.2015 Ticket price：￡22.5 ◆All’s Well That Ends Well

Play：A romantic story.Helena，daughter of a poor physician，loves Bertram，son of a Countess(女伯爵)．

Place：Shakespeare’s Globe Theatre，Park Street，London Telephone：020 7401 9919 Date：Sunday，20 Nov.2015 Ticket price：￡40.5 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】 Whatsonstage.com是英國(guó)最大、最好的藝術(shù)表演在線指南，給人們提供包括戲劇、歌劇、古典音樂(lè)、舞蹈等演出的最新資訊。文章節(jié)選了其中的一些信息。1．If Mary is available on Friday，which of the following should she call to buy a ticket? A．0870 850 9191

C．0870 243 9000

B．020 7494 5061 D．020 7401 9919 答案 C [細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章中The Lion King下面的信息可知，這部音樂(lè)劇的上演時(shí)間是在星期五，訂票電話為0870 243 9000，故若是瑪麗在星期五有空，就可去看這部劇。故選C項(xiàng)。] 2．If you want to buy a ticket at a discount，you should go to ________．

A．Shakespeare’s Globe Theater

B．Lyceum Theater C．Prince Edward Theater D．Theater Royal 答案 D [細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章中Oliver下面的信息可知，該音樂(lè)劇票價(jià)為25英鎊并且現(xiàn)在可以節(jié)省20%的錢(即打八折)，又根據(jù)其上演的地點(diǎn)Theater Royal，可知選D項(xiàng)。] 3．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To show the importance of Whatsonstage.com.B．To give some information about the performing arts.C．To introduce some famous English theaters.D．To teach readers how to use the online guide.答案 B [推理判斷題。文章主要介紹了幾部戲劇上演的最新資訊，故選B項(xiàng)。]

B

In one of the old buildings near our school，one could see an old man sitting by a large window on the first floor.His name was James.During the three years at school，I had hardly ever found him missing from his usual position.He was a high－ranking government official and lived happily with his wife.Once there was a bus accident，in which a number of passengers were seriously injured and were taken to the hospital for treatment.James was responsible for the rescue operation.It was a big hospital，but James was shocked to notice how ill－equipped it was.There were no enough life－saving drugs and life－supporting equipment.The injured and their companions had to struggle there.James attempted to help.However，though he emptied his pockets，many of them died that day.That was a turning point in his life.He made a decision to devote his life to helping others，particularly the poor and needy patients and their companions.He began spending much of his income on these people.Since this required a lot of time and energy，he found it difficult to fulfill his official duties and therefore chose to retire，which，in turn，reduced his income considerably.His wife was deeply worried.Most of the time，James was out and paid least attention to home affairs.Meanwhile，as he was spending a lot helping others，she had to struggle even to meet the household expenses.Though she was not opposed to his helping the poor，she urged him not to overlook his own life and home，but it had no effect on him.One day they had a heated argument and in the end she left him，never to return.Though he continued with his work，this was a great blow and did serious harm to his health and enthusiasm and he was soon forced to stay indoors.That was when he took his position by the window，spending his time looking outside.A few weeks after my graduation，I returned to school，only to find the buildings gone.I heard that they were torn down.All the people left except James.He refused to go and the next morning，he was found at his usual place by the window，dead.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】 該文講述了詹姆斯決心獻(xiàn)身慈善事業(yè)，卻忽略了事業(yè)與家庭之間的平衡，以致妻子憤然離去。受到打擊的詹姆斯從此身體日漸衰弱、精神渙散，終日坐在窗前等待妻子歸來(lái)，直到死去。

4．What changed James’ view toward life?

A．The difficulties in his career.B．The deaths in the bus accident.C．The bad conditions in the hospital.D．The responsibilities in the operation.答案 C [細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段可知，詹姆斯之所以投身慈善，是因?yàn)樗慷昧酸t(yī)院惡劣的條件給病人及其親屬帶來(lái)的折磨。] 5．James chose to retire in order to ________．

A．take care of the injured passengers B．find a better job to increase his income C．spare more time and energy to help others D．stay away from the difficult official duties 答案 C [細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第三段末的Since this required a lot of time and energy，he found it difficult to fulfill his official duties and therefore chose to retire...可知做慈善需要大量的時(shí)間和精力，讓他無(wú)法做好自己的工作，所以不得不選擇退休，以便有更多的時(shí)間和精力去做慈善。] 6．James’ wife left because ________．

A．she was strongly against his deeds B．James paid too little attention to his work C．her work to support their daily life was too tiring D．James failed to keep a balance between charity and home 答案 D [細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第四段中的Though she was not opposed to his helping the poor，she urged him not to overlook his own life and home...可知，他的妻子不滿他太專心于慈善工作而忽略了家庭，即沒(méi)有在事業(yè)和家庭間達(dá)到平衡。故選D項(xiàng)。] 7．The underlined word “this” in Paragraph 4 refers to ________．

A．His decision to retire B．The departure of his wife

C．The argument with his wife D．His devotion to helping others 答案 B [詞義猜測(cè)題。this指代的是前面的she left him，never to return，即妻子的離開(kāi)。故選B項(xiàng)。] Ⅱ.寫(xiě)作(一)應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作

假設(shè)你是高三學(xué)生李華，你和表弟王強(qiáng)即將參加2016年的高考，在考前的100天，請(qǐng)你結(jié)合自己的學(xué)習(xí)、生活，用英語(yǔ)給表弟寫(xiě)一封建議信。要點(diǎn)包括：

1．努力學(xué)習(xí)；2.調(diào)整心態(tài)；3.鍛煉身體；4.其他方面。注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右；

2．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫； 3．開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾已為你寫(xiě)好。Dear Wang Qiang，How are you doing recently？_____________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________

Yours，Li Hua 【參考范文】 Dear Wang Qiang，How are you doing recently？I’m writing to give you some suggestions on study and life.For Senior 3 students，time is precious.It is high time that we took effective measures to live our life to the fullest.First of all，I highly propose we make the most of the time in class，following our teachers.Besides，we tend to get anxious with time going by.Take it easy.It’s OK.More importantly，just as an old saying goes，“Health is wealth.” That’s why we have to spend some time exercising regularly.Tired as we feel，we are lucky and happy with so many teachers，friends，and our parents standing behind us.We may ask them for help whenever we need it.Do you like my advice？I hope we will graduate from high school without regrets and be admitted to our ideal universities.Wish you success.Yours，Li Hua(二)讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)

閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)所給情節(jié)進(jìn)行續(xù)寫(xiě)，使之構(gòu)成一個(gè)完整的故事。

If there’s one thing I can’t stand people saying，it’s，“I’m no good at anything...I don’t have any talent．” I just don’t buy that at all.To me，everyone has at least one talent，and while it sometimes takes you a lifetime to find，it does exist.There was a time when I didn’t believe that.What changed my mind was a seemingly(看似)small event that took place in 1953.At that time I was a high school student.I was a funny－looking skinny boy named Eugene Orowitz，who weighed barely 100 pounds.I was a good student，but as far as I was concerned，in just about every other department I was a loser.I wanted to fit in，to be someone and do something well.But I hadn’t found anything I was good at.One sunny afternoon，our gym class went out to the school’s running track．The teacher taught us all various track and field events.I was a loser in all of them.Then came the javelin(標(biāo)槍)．Suddenly something inside me began saying，“Try it!Try it！” I had to wait my turn，though，because several others wanted a break at the javelin too.Shy and scared，I watched them，trying not to look too eager.Finally，when everyone had had a chance to throw—the best throw going about 30 yards—I looked at the teacher.“Hey，Orowitz，you want to try？” he asked.Embarrassed，I looked down，but managed to nod my head.“Well，come on then，” he said impatiently，and handed me the javelin.Behind me I could hear some of my classmates laughing.As I grasped the javelin in my hand，I was seized with a strange feeling—a new－found excitement.For some crazy reason，I was relaxed over what I was about to do，even though I’d never done it before.I raised the javelin over my head，took six quick steps and let the thing go．The same voice that had urged me into throwing it，now told me it was a good throw.注意：1.所續(xù)寫(xiě)短文的詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右； 2．應(yīng)使用5個(gè)以上短文中標(biāo)有下劃線的關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)； 3．續(xù)寫(xiě)部分分為兩段，每段的開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)已為你寫(xiě)好； 4．續(xù)寫(xiě)完成后，請(qǐng)用下劃線標(biāo)出你所使用的關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)。Paragraph 1：

I watched as the spear took off.My heart quickened _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2：

That night I took the javelin home with me.____________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 【寫(xiě)作指導(dǎo)】

本篇書(shū)面表達(dá)屬于讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)，要求考生根據(jù)所讀短文內(nèi)容，尤其是帶有下劃線的詞或者短語(yǔ)的提示書(shū)寫(xiě)作文。根據(jù)首段可知，作者要談的是每個(gè)人都有某種天賦，只是有時(shí)需要花時(shí)間來(lái)尋找；因此，作文中需要呼應(yīng)這一點(diǎn)。接下來(lái)作者描述了自己投擲標(biāo)槍的經(jīng)歷；根據(jù)全文最后一句和第一段的提示，把所有關(guān)鍵詞連在一起，可知考生要描寫(xiě)作者第一次的標(biāo)槍成績(jī)和師生們的驚訝；根據(jù)第二段的提示可知，考生需要進(jìn)一步描寫(xiě)作者勤奮訓(xùn)練的細(xì)節(jié)和最后的成績(jī)。【參考范文】

I watched as the spear took off.My heart quickened as I saw it continue to sail，30 yards out，then 40.As it went past the 50－yard mark，it was still going.For a minute nothing was said.Then someone whispered，“Holy cow！”And others began cheering.Nobody could believe what little Eugene Orowitz had just done.I took the javelin back to the gym teacher．“You keep the thing，”he said，still shaking his head in wonder.That night I took the javelin home with me.The very next day I began practicing with it，and every day that summer—for six hours or more—I would throw it in a nearby schoolyard.By the time I was a member of the track team，all my practice paid

off.I threw the javelin 211 feet that year，the best throw by any high－school boy in the country.I feel strongly that we must keep our minds open；we can’t let ourselves be discouraged or depressed when the talent doesn’t readily appear.

第五篇：高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)論文

高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)解題策略

摘要：短文改錯(cuò)是高考試題中一個(gè)重要題型。它不僅考查學(xué)生在語(yǔ)法、詞匯、修辭等方面的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)和能力，而且還考查學(xué)生對(duì)信息的認(rèn)知與獲取能力，更重要的是考查學(xué)生能夠判斷、鑒別正誤的能力。這一題型對(duì)很多考生來(lái)說(shuō)是有相當(dāng)難度的，因?yàn)楦腻e(cuò)中的錯(cuò)誤一般都是他們平時(shí)較容易犯的錯(cuò)誤，即他們的軟肋，所以在做這類題目的時(shí)候，常常感到無(wú)從下手，或者驚慌失措，結(jié)果胡亂改改就草草了事，結(jié)果連難度系數(shù)并不高的題目也做不出來(lái)，知道答案后又后悔不已，但為時(shí)已晚。所以考生應(yīng)該以正確的態(tài)度來(lái)面對(duì)此題。本文就高考英語(yǔ)試題中的短文改錯(cuò)的特點(diǎn)，提出解題策略。1.高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)的特點(diǎn)

英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)是現(xiàn)代語(yǔ)言測(cè)試試題中一個(gè)重要的類型。它一般是選擇一段或者幾段文字正確、語(yǔ)言地道、題材得當(dāng)?shù)恼Z(yǔ)言材料為母本，按照一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)淖謹(jǐn)?shù)大體給這篇語(yǔ)言材料分行，在現(xiàn)代語(yǔ)言測(cè)試學(xué)科學(xué)命題理論指導(dǎo)下，對(duì)其中的某些文字進(jìn)行有目的地添加、刪減或錯(cuò)誤改動(dòng)，使這段文字的某些行出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)詞、多詞或缺詞的一種情況，讓學(xué)生對(duì)測(cè)試行的文字進(jìn)行判斷或改動(dòng)，以恢復(fù)原文正確地道得體的本來(lái)面貌，以此來(lái)對(duì)學(xué)生的語(yǔ)言水平進(jìn)行科學(xué)的測(cè)定。

短文改錯(cuò)屬于綜合考點(diǎn)單技能間接試題特點(diǎn)，就是把各類考點(diǎn)綜合起來(lái)放在一定篇幅中進(jìn)行考察，對(duì)學(xué)生的語(yǔ)言能力和語(yǔ)篇的能力都有所要求，但更側(cè)重于考察學(xué)生對(duì)語(yǔ)言篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的整體理解和把握的能力，因而屬于檔次較高的題型，能比較準(zhǔn)確地反映學(xué)生的實(shí)際語(yǔ)言水平，也較容易區(qū)分學(xué)生的層次差異。此題型還在辯錯(cuò)、改錯(cuò)中考察到學(xué)生部分產(chǎn)生性的運(yùn)用能力，因而這種題型成為目前測(cè)試準(zhǔn)確性最有效的題型之一。

2.提高高考短文改錯(cuò)能力的方法及策略 2.1靈活運(yùn)用語(yǔ)法知識(shí)

眾所周知，英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言能力包括眾多因素，其中之一是語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。語(yǔ)法知識(shí)是構(gòu)成語(yǔ)言能力的基礎(chǔ)。沒(méi)有系統(tǒng)的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，學(xué)習(xí)者就很難全面、準(zhǔn)確地以口頭或書(shū)面的形式表達(dá)思維或意念。短文改錯(cuò)項(xiàng)目側(cè)重于測(cè)試學(xué)生的運(yùn)用語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的能力，即怎樣運(yùn)用規(guī)范的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)解決具體問(wèn)題的能力。對(duì)于學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，在平時(shí)要徹底地了解已學(xué)過(guò)的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)和概念，要學(xué)會(huì)“舉一反三”，提高語(yǔ)言的準(zhǔn)確性、邏輯性。2.2擴(kuò)大詞匯量、掌握詞語(yǔ)固定搭配

詞匯與搭配是高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)項(xiàng)目的另一測(cè)試點(diǎn)，其測(cè)試面含蓋各類詞性的詞，同時(shí)側(cè)重考核他們的搭配與用法。短文改錯(cuò)對(duì)詞匯的考核有些是語(yǔ)意的，有些是結(jié)構(gòu)上的。詞匯的積累不是一朝一夕即可完成，它需要在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中逐步積累，積少成多；了解詞的不同搭配在不同語(yǔ)境中的用法，同義詞之間的不同用法，學(xué)會(huì)根據(jù)上下文來(lái)判斷單詞與短語(yǔ)的含義，上下文內(nèi)容的連貫以及邏輯關(guān)系的順暢等。因此，對(duì)于學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，平時(shí)自己在學(xué)習(xí)中要注意擴(kuò)大、鞏固已有的詞匯量;同時(shí)，在學(xué)習(xí)、掌握詞匯的過(guò)程中，特別要注意提高自己靈活運(yùn)用詞匯的能力。2.3運(yùn)用語(yǔ)篇知識(shí) 短文改錯(cuò)主要是考察對(duì)短文宏觀上的把握與微觀上的語(yǔ)言基本功。除了考查語(yǔ)法與詞匯，也考查對(duì)語(yǔ)言整體內(nèi)容的理解和運(yùn)用。此題之所以采用短文改錯(cuò)的形式，就是強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)（語(yǔ)法與詞匯）在具體語(yǔ)境或上下文中使用的能力。因此在歷年的考題中，很大一部分并不只是限于孤立的詞組或語(yǔ)法，而是要求考生從篇章的角度，從上下文，從句子與句子之間，從語(yǔ)段與語(yǔ)段之間的邏輯關(guān)系與語(yǔ)意關(guān)系去判斷正誤。

要做到從篇章的角度把握全局，首先要學(xué)會(huì)利用首段或段首句最大限度的獲取信息。文章的開(kāi)頭往往開(kāi)宗明義，點(diǎn)明主題。因此利用段首句提供的信息挖掘文章的思路，尋找文章的脈絡(luò)和線索。其次理清文章結(jié)構(gòu)，找出前后的邏輯關(guān)系及銜接連詞等。最后聯(lián)系上下文，尋找相關(guān)線索，確定有無(wú)語(yǔ)義上的錯(cuò)誤。在歷年的考試中，學(xué)生對(duì)這類錯(cuò)誤的判斷準(zhǔn)確率相對(duì)較低。因此，學(xué)生平時(shí)要加強(qiáng)對(duì)篇章的理解能力的訓(xùn)練，了解、熟悉篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn)：語(yǔ)段內(nèi)句子之間的關(guān)系、語(yǔ)段之間的關(guān)系；它們的類別；各種不同關(guān)系的表示法等等。只有在此基礎(chǔ)上，學(xué)生才能靈活正確地使用語(yǔ)言知識(shí)，做到準(zhǔn)確答題。2.4運(yùn)用文化背景知識(shí)

做短文改錯(cuò)題時(shí)，有時(shí)文章中提供的信息還不夠，這就要求學(xué)生把儲(chǔ)存在大腦里的一般知識(shí)信息結(jié)合起來(lái)考慮，找出錯(cuò)誤并加以改正。根據(jù)Widdowson(1983)提到的理解全過(guò)程，“理解實(shí)質(zhì)上是背景知識(shí)、語(yǔ)境和語(yǔ)言知識(shí)本身綜合作用的產(chǎn)物，缺少任何一部分，理解將是失敗或不完整的?！?2.5采用正確的解題技巧

2.5.1頭腦冷靜，通讀全文掌握中心意思

短文改錯(cuò)題是一個(gè)較綜合和較有難度的題型，但不是無(wú)法攻克，所以做這類題時(shí)首先要保持冷靜，運(yùn)用自己所儲(chǔ)備的相關(guān)知識(shí)，理性分析。接下來(lái)不要拿起來(lái)就改，首先應(yīng)該對(duì)文章有個(gè)整體了解，可以先迅速通讀全文，在正確理解或大致正確理解甚至猜想原文的前提下，使我們對(duì)全文在宏觀上有一個(gè)初步的把握，這對(duì)判斷整體的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)都很重要。因?yàn)槎涛氖莻€(gè)整體，只了解孤立的詞句是不夠的，需要從篇章的角度對(duì)句子、段落進(jìn)行深層次。透徹的理解，掌握上下文的語(yǔ)境，把局部含義與主旨大意結(jié)合起來(lái)判斷，就能提高準(zhǔn)確性。2.5.2分句閱讀，利用語(yǔ)法等知識(shí)逐行找錯(cuò)

做完上述工作后，就要進(jìn)入逐行改錯(cuò)階段。仔細(xì)分析每一個(gè)句子，而不是每一行。語(yǔ)言是以句子而不是以行為完整的意義單位的，所以解題時(shí)，要上下兼顧，切不可顧此失彼。在整句理解的基礎(chǔ)上，逐行進(jìn)行語(yǔ)法和行文邏輯錯(cuò)誤分析。既要看清詞或句子，更要理清整體的邏輯關(guān)系。綜合運(yùn)用所學(xué)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)，根據(jù)各行不同的錯(cuò)誤情況分別進(jìn)行答題。如果碰到哪一行的錯(cuò)誤沒(méi)找出來(lái)，可暫時(shí)不做，接著做下一行，全部做完后，再回頭做，可能就會(huì)容易些。而且有時(shí)后面的文章會(huì)給出有用的信息。特別要注意兩方面：一是不能改變文中句子本身的意義，還要注意錯(cuò)誤是否出現(xiàn)在行首或尾，因?yàn)檫@兩處的錯(cuò)誤往往不易被察覺(jué)。

2.5.3最后通讀，驗(yàn)證答案 改后復(fù)讀有助于查漏補(bǔ)缺，糾正失誤，減少差錯(cuò)。通過(guò)復(fù)讀，看看全文是否通暢，行文邏輯是否合理，文章結(jié)構(gòu)或句式結(jié)構(gòu)是否完整，尤其要對(duì)初改時(shí)感覺(jué)不順利的地方多加以推敲。還要檢查是否按照考試要求使用所規(guī)定的符號(hào)刪除、增添或修改，避免非水平性失分。3.結(jié)語(yǔ)

綜上所述，英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)是對(duì)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)全面的考查。對(duì)詞匯，語(yǔ)法與篇章理解能力都有較高的要求，建議考生在學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)不能一知半解，似是而非，對(duì)于知識(shí)的掌握必須扎實(shí)準(zhǔn)確。而且還要多進(jìn)行改錯(cuò)練習(xí)。可以通過(guò)看其他同學(xué)的習(xí)作，欣賞的同時(shí)也有意識(shí)地把該習(xí)作進(jìn)行一下“改錯(cuò)”，還可多進(jìn)行單句改錯(cuò)練習(xí)，但每次練習(xí)都要遵照正確的方法和步驟，逐漸體會(huì)和把握這一題型的規(guī)律，久而久之就能容易地發(fā)現(xiàn)和改正語(yǔ)病。除此之外，還要加強(qiáng)閱讀方面的訓(xùn)練。閱讀是理解的先決條件，理解是判斷正誤的依據(jù)，而判斷又是改錯(cuò)的先決條件。因此要準(zhǔn)確找出文章中的錯(cuò)誤，必須首先著眼閱讀，加強(qiáng)閱讀。

高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)解題策略

五大連池風(fēng)景區(qū)高級(jí)中學(xué)

佟玲