第一篇：研究生英語演講稿英漢互譯

正如前面的同學(xué)所講，VR非常有趣，也有很多優(yōu)點(diǎn)，但是凡事發(fā)明都有利和弊。例如汽車的發(fā)明，汽車可以代替走路并且?guī)е覀兒芊奖愕膹囊坏氐搅硪坏?，但是我們的環(huán)境卻在變糟糕，溫室效應(yīng)在加重。因此，VR也會帶來不好的一面，例如有可能會對服務(wù)、旅游行業(yè)有一定的沖擊，人們可以獲得各種娛樂游戲經(jīng)驗看到世界各地的美麗風(fēng)景，所以就有可能減少實際娛樂游戲的需要甚至不要，就不用花錢去景區(qū)，就不用去參加人擠人的旅游。因此很多游樂設(shè)施就可能荒廢，生產(chǎn)娛樂設(shè)施的工人有可能失業(yè)。這是一個生態(tài)循環(huán)，一環(huán)扣一環(huán)，所以我們該如何正確的認(rèn)識VR技術(shù)帶給我們的改變，是值得我們?nèi)ニ伎嫉摹?/p>

As mentioned in front of students, VR technology is very interesting, and also has a lot of advantages, but every invention has advantages and disadvantages.For example, the invention of the car, the car can be used instead of walking and take us very easily from one place to another, but our environment is getting worse, the greenhouse effect is worse.Therefore, VR will also bring bad side, for example, may have some impact on the service industry and tourism, people can get all kinds of games and entertainment experience to see the beautiful scenery in the world, so there may reduce actual entertainment games don't even would not use money to the scenic area, there is no need to go to the crowded tourist.So many recreational facilities may be abandoned, the production of recreational facilities workers may be unemployed.To give another example, child can play games through the VR technology, they can imagine themselves as a flying super hero, like iron man, but in fact, they are nothing but a utopian child.This is not good for children’s learning, they will forget what they should do in real word, the learning is what they should do.This is an ecological cycle, a ring, so we should know how to understand and use the VR technology to bring us change, is worth us to think.As in front of classmates, VR is interesting, has many advantages, but every kind of thing was invented had the pros and cons.Such as the invention of the car, the car can instead of walking and take us easily from one place to another, but our environment is getting worse, the greenhouse effect worse.VR, therefore, also can bring bad side.For example, is likely to service, tourism industry has a certain impact, people can get all kinds of entertainment experience to see the beautiful scenery all over the world, so it is possible to reduce the actual entertainment game even don't need, need not spend money to the scenic spot, crowded don't go to travel.So many amusement facilities may waste, the production of entertainment facilities may be unemployed workers.This is an ecological cycle, a ring by ring, so how can we use VR technology in a right way, is worth us to think.作文號：10

題目：The bad side of VR technology As mentioned in front of students, VR technology is very interesting, and also has many advantages, but every invention has advantages and disadvantages.For example, the invention of the car, the car can be used instead of walking and take us very easily from one place to another, but our environment is getting worse, the greenhouse effect is worse.Therefore, VR will also bring bad side, for example, may have some impact on the service industry and tourism, people can get all kinds of games and entertainment experience to see the beautiful scenery in the world, so there may reduce the number of trips and even would not use money to go to the scenic area, there is no need to go to the crowded tourist.So many recreational facilities may be abandoned, the product of recreational facilities workers may be unemployed.To give another example, child can play games through the VR technology, they can imagine themselves as a flying super hero like iron man, but in fact, they are nothing but an utopian child.This is not good for children's learning, they will forget what they should do in the actual world but the learning is what they should do.This is an ecological cycle and each link will affect each other.So we should know how to understand and use the VR technology in a right way, is worthy of our thinking.

第二篇：秘書英語英漢互譯

《秘書英語》英漢互譯

Unit 1 Section 1

Page 4

Exercise 4 1)我很高興能有機(jī)會參加面試。

I am very happy that I have the chance for this personal interview.2)我曾經(jīng)在遠(yuǎn)東貿(mào)易公司兼職當(dāng)過三個月的人事助理。

I had a part-time job for three months at Far East Trade Company as a personnel assistant.3)作為一名秘書，我經(jīng)常要與來自其他文化的人打交道。

As a secretary I usually need to deal with people from other cultures.4)我的計劃就是成為一名成功的秘書，因此在這方面我訓(xùn)練有素。

My plan is to become a successful secretary because I have been well trained for this.5)秘書作為團(tuán)隊一員要與同事協(xié)作高效地工作

A secretary must team up with other colleagues for a smooth operation to maximize working efficiency.6)我想問一下該公司的工資和福利是怎樣的.I want to ask about the salary and benefits in the company.Unit 1 Section 3

Page 10

Exercise 2 1)我從《中國貿(mào)易》的廣告得知貴公司正在招聘秘書，本人對該職位很感興趣。

I know from your advertisement in China Trade that your company is looking for a secretary，This position has aroused my great interest.2)我所學(xué)的專業(yè)和已有的工作經(jīng)驗使我有能力勝任這份工作。

My major and working experience will enable me to be competent for this position.3)東方公司享有很好的聲譽(yù)，本人很希望在貴公司工作。

Oriental company has been enjoying a very good commercial reputation, so I have a keen interest in working for your company.4)我希望有機(jī)會與你面談我應(yīng)聘該職位的條件。

I hope I can have a chance for an interview regarding my qualifications for this position.5)

本人誠實、熱情、工作努力，有團(tuán)隊精神。

I am honest, enthusiastic, hardworking and of team spirit.Unit 2 Section 1

Page 16

Exercise 4 1)我?guī)愕教庌D(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)，見見將和你一起工作的同事。

We should go round and meet some of the staff you’ll be working with.2)讓我們從凌云開始吧。

Let’s start with Ling Yun.3)期待著下周見到你。

I’m looking forward to seeing you next week.4)可以占用你們一點(diǎn)時間嗎？

Can I have a few moments of your time? 5)今明兩天你將和他在一起。

You’ll be spending today and tomorrow with him.6)她這周末將離職，由你取代她。

She is leaving us at the end of the week and then you’ll take her place.Unit 2 Section 2

Page 19

Exercise 4 1)作為團(tuán)隊的一員，經(jīng)驗豐富的秘書會保護(hù)老板。

As part of the team, the professional secretary protects the employer.4)建立一種歸檔系統(tǒng)，使所有需要進(jìn)入系統(tǒng)的人都容易調(diào)閱。

Having a filing system that can be used easily by all who need access.5)定期將文件分類，比如在年末或者一個項目完成的時候。

Sort file regularly, for example at the end of the year or the completion of a project.Unit 4 Section 2 Page 42

Exercise 4

A secretary should know how to deal with unexpected visitors and make them feel welcomed.Enquire about the purpose of their visits before introducing them to the boss.If the boss cannot meet them right now, ask the visitors to wait politely or to make an appointment for another day.秘書應(yīng)該知道怎樣接待沒有預(yù)約的來訪者，使他們覺得自己是受歡迎的。在引見他們之前，先詢問他們來訪的目的。如果老板當(dāng)時無法接見他們，有禮貌地請來訪者等候一會兒，或者預(yù)約改日再見。

Unit 4 Section 1 Page 40 Exercise 4 1）早上好，先生。能為您效勞嗎？

Good morning, sir.Can I help you? 2）是的，我想會見凌云先生。

Yes, I would like to see Mr.Ling Yun please.3）您有預(yù)約嗎？沒有，我沒有預(yù)約。

Do you have an appointment? 4）我來自威爾森汽車公司，我來見凌云先生是為了討論一下我們新車型的銷售的。

No.I’m afraid I haven’t.I’m from Wilson Motors, and I’ve come to see Mr.Ling to discuss sales of our new model.Unit 4 Section 4

Page 48

Exercise 4 1）秘書應(yīng)該將服裝看作是適合公司形象的制服。

The secretary should view clothing as a uniform that fits the image of the office and thus advances the secretary’s career goals along with the purpose of the office.2）用服飾、發(fā)型等來表現(xiàn)自信和職業(yè)特點(diǎn)。

Use dress, hairstyle and so forth to convey confidence and professionalism.3）給別人真誠的贊美。

Give sincere compliments.4）愿意與人交流思想，愿意向他人學(xué)習(xí)。

Be willing to exchange ideas and learn from others.5）學(xué)會如何在壓力下有效地工作。

Learn how to work effectively under pressure.Unit 5 Section 1

Page 52

Exercise 3 1)她明天有時間嗎？

Does she have any time tomorrow? 2)請您別掛，稍等一會好嗎？

Would you please hold the line for a moment? 3)凌云先生明天的日程已滿。

Mr.Ling Yun has a full schedule tomorrow.4)我會把它記下來。

I’ll make a note of that.Dear Doris，Congratulations on your promotion.Now you know your hard work has been recognized and accepted by the company.This is a positive sign that you are on your way up, and all of us believe that you really deserve it.I look forward to congratulating you on your next promotion.Best regards

ZhangYi

Unit 7 Section 1

Page 73 Exercise 5 1).你今天下午需要做會議記錄的這次會議室一場大會嗎？

Is the meeting that you have to take minutes this afternoon a big one? 2).我只寫一個簡短的報告就可以了。

I just make a short report.3).你能給我看一份副本嗎？

Could you show me a copy? 4)你必須確保你把一切都包括在內(nèi)了。首先是時間，然后是地點(diǎn)。

You must make sure that you include everything.First the time and then the place.5).凌云先生說所有的司機(jī)都必須遵守城市汽車停車規(guī)則。

Mr Ling Yun said that all drivers must obey city car parking regulations.6）他說將來任何停車罰款都必須由司機(jī)本人支付。

He said that in the future, any parking fines would have to be paid by the drivers themselves.Unit 7 Section 3

Page 79

Exercise 2 大為.約翰先生：

謹(jǐn)定于1月4日（星期五）下午7時在長安街假日酒店18層國際俱樂部舉行晚宴。敬請光臨

凌云暨夫人

Mr.and Mrs.Ling Yun

request the pleasure of David Johns’

company at a dinner

on Friday, the fourth of January

at 7:00 p.m.at the International Club on Eighteen floor, Holiday Inn Chang’an Street, Beijing

Unit 7 Section 4

Page 82

Exercise 4 1）請注意。

Attention please/May I have your attention, please.2）我有個重要通知要發(fā)布。

Here is an important announcement./I have an important announcement to make.3）由于天氣原因，今天下午的會議將推遲到明天下午進(jìn)行。

Because of the weather, this afternoon’s meeting will be put off to tomorrow afternoon./will be postponed until tomorrow afternoon.4）請張先生說話。

Mr.Zhang has the floor please./Let’s invite Mr.Zhang to give us a presentation.《秘書英語》判斷題

Unit 1 Section 4 Page 12 Exercise 2 1(T)A secretary sometimes should deal with some private or secret tasks.【秘書有時要處理一些私人或機(jī)密的任務(wù)?！?F)A secretary of today is only responsible only for carrying out the boss’s wishes.【秘書今天僅只負(fù)責(zé)執(zhí)行老板的愿望。】(F)Since a secretary’s work is usually office routine, the methods of handling information are simple.【由于秘書的工作通常是辦公室的日常工作，處理方法的信息很簡單?！?F)A modern secretary should have the ability to bear responsibility and to make decision without supervision.【現(xiàn)代秘書應(yīng)該有能力承擔(dān)責(zé)任和作出的決定，沒有監(jiān)督?！?F)According to the survey by APSI, secretary can be divided into different types and they are completely different position.【根據(jù)調(diào)查，apsi，部長可以分為不同的類型，它們是完全不同的位置?！?/p>

Unit 5 Section 2 Page 54 Exercise 4(F)Telephoning skills cannot be learned.【電話技能不能教訓(xùn)?！?F)It is not necessary that the secretary says the name of the company because the caller already knows it.【這是沒有必要的，秘書說，公司的名稱，因為對方已經(jīng)知道了它?！?T)Being a good listener is very important to a secretary.【一個好的傾聽者是非常重要的一個秘書?！?T)If a secretary promises to call back, he/she should do it as soon as possible.【如果秘書答應(yīng)回電話，他/她應(yīng)該盡快做?！?F)A secretary needn’t know how to use the buttons on the telephone.【秘書不必知道如何使用上的按鈕電話?！?/p>

Unit 5 Section 4 Page 59 Exercise 2 1.(T)Diplomacy is the management of international relations by negotiation.【外交是管理國際關(guān)系的談判?！?/p>

2.(F)Diplomacy is a Greek word.【外交是一個希臘詞?！?/p>

3.(T)Zhuge Liang can be regarded as an ancient diplomat.【諸葛可以被視為一個古老的外交官?！?4.(F)“The Vertical Alliance” was political alliance.【“合縱聯(lián)盟”的政治聯(lián)盟?！?/p>

5.(F)A diplomat only learns the situation, external or internal, of the countries they are appointed to.【一個外交官只學(xué)習(xí)情況，外部或內(nèi)部，他們的國家被任命?！?/p>

6.(F)The Qin Kingdom formed the Vertical Alliance in history.【秦國的縱向聯(lián)盟的形成歷史?！?Unit 6 Section 4 Page 70 Exercise 2 1.(T)An embassy has a political office, military office, economic and commercial office, cultural office, educational office, and so on.【一個大使館政治，軍事，經(jīng)濟(jì)，商業(yè)，文化，教育，等等。】 2.(F)Interpreters, typist, and clerks also hold diplomatic passports and enjoy full diplomatic privileges and immunities.【口譯，打字員，和職員也持有外交護(hù)照和享有完全的外交特權(quán)與豁免。】

3.(T)Diplomats are the representatives of their states in the host countries.【外交官是代表他們的國家在東道國?！?T)Diplomats should make friends with the people in the host countries.【外交官應(yīng)該交朋友與東道國的人?！?/p>

4.(T)A secretary is a “diplomat” in a company, somehow.【秘書是一個“外交官”在一個公司，不知何故?！?/p>

5.(F)A secretary doesn’t have to know diplomacy.【秘書不必知道外交?！?/p>

第三篇：英漢擬聲詞互譯.

英文擬聲詞與翻譯

試看譯例：

1.風(fēng)蕭蕭，雨蕭蕭，馬蕭蕭。

The wind whistled, the rain pattered and the horse neighed.2.Thunder began to rumble.雷聲開始隆隆地響。3.The cart rumbled past.車轱轆轱轆地過去了。

4.His stomach rumbled emptily.他肚子空空如也咕嚕咕嚕地叫。

5.噠噠噠噠噠！咚！咚！李先生突然抱著頭直跳起來，但隨即像一塊木頭似的倒下去。Rat-ta-ta-ta, boom!boom!Wrapping his arms around his head, Mr.Li leaped up, but immediately fell forward like a log.6.這個時候，長城線上，烽火連天，一輛囚車，卻囚著革命英雄，向南急馳。

At a time when the war was raging along the Great Wall, a Carriage, carrying this

revolutionary hero, went rumbling swiftly southwards.7.Though I speak with the tongues of men and of angels and have not charity, I am become a sounding brass, or a tinkling cymbal.我若能說萬人的方言，并天使的話語，卻沒有愛，我就成了鳴的鑼，鈸一般。

8.She drew one out.R-ratch!Now it sputtered and burned.她抽出一根或才，哧！啪！一下子燃著了。

有關(guān)擬聲詞的譯法：

一、同一個擬聲詞，如例1中的“蕭蕭”，在不同的上下文或結(jié)構(gòu)中，應(yīng)根據(jù)譯文的語言習(xí)慣或地道用法，選用不同的與原文意義對應(yīng)的詞或表達(dá)方式。

二、根據(jù)上一條，自然可以從另一面總結(jié)出第二種方法，即原文不同句中的幾個不同擬聲詞可以譯成同一個詞。如“隆隆地響”、“咕嚕咕嚕地叫”、“ 轱轆轱轆”均可譯成同一個英文擬聲詞 rumble, 其基本意思是 “make a deep, heavy, continuous sound”。

三、原文中有擬聲詞，譯文中也用擬聲詞相對應(yīng)。有的譯為獨(dú)詞句，有的譯為動詞或名詞的輔助成分。有時可以將英文的擬聲詞譯為漢語中較為抽象的“..........的叫，...........聲”，如he seemed to hear about him the rustle of unceasing and innumberable wings，耳際仿佛傳來無數(shù)翅膀的拍擊聲。

四、原文中沒用擬聲詞，但很生動，如例6中的“向南疾馳”，也可以譯成擬聲詞。增加擬聲詞可以增加效果，如The logs were burning briskly in the fire.木柴在火中嗶嗶剝剝燒的正旺。

五、與上一方法相對應(yīng)，原文中用了擬聲詞，譯文中可以不用擬聲詞，而是用其他能產(chǎn)生同樣效果的詞語，如例7。譯文也可以不用擬聲詞而直敘其動作，如They splashed through the mire to the village.他們一路踏著泥水向村子去。

關(guān)于動物叫聲的擬聲詞不管是在英語還是漢語中，都很具體，在互譯中要特別注意選準(zhǔn)具體詞語。英國人說“......動物怎么叫？”“What dose a XXX go?”現(xiàn)將最常用的具體詞語列舉如下：

A bee hums(buzzes, drones).蜜蜂嗡嗡（哼哼）的叫。

A fly hums(buzzes, drones).蒼蠅嗡嗡叫。

A mosquito hums(buzzes, drones).蚊子哼哼（嗡嗡）叫。

A bird twitters(chirps, chirrups).鳥叫（嘰嘰喳喳的叫）。

A sparrow twitters(chirps, chirrups).麻雀吱吱喳喳叫。

A cicada chirps(chirrups).知了啾啾叫。

A cricket chips(chirrups).蟋蟀唧唧叫。A crow caws(croaks).烏鴉哇哇叫。

A dove/ pigeon coos.鴿子咕咕叫。

A magpie chatters.喜鵲喳喳叫。

A nightingale jugs(jug-jugs).夜鶯歌唱。

An owl hoots(whoops).貓頭鷹叫。

A parrot squawks.鸚鵡叫。

A wild-goose honks.雁叫。

A crane whoops.（風(fēng)聲）鶴叫。

A bull bellows(lows).公牛哞哞叫。

A cow moos(lows).母牛哞哞叫。

A calf bleats.小牛哞哞叫。A goat bleats.山羊咩咩叫。

A lamb bleats(baas).小羊咩咩叫。A sheep bleats(baas).綿羊咩咩叫。A deer bleats.鹿叫。

A hen cackles(chucks, chuckles, clucks).母雞咯咯叫。A chick cheeps(pips, peeps).小雞唧唧叫。

A cock crows.公雞喔喔叫。

A duck quacks.鴨子呱呱叫。

A goose cackles(gaggles).鵝嘎嘎叫。

An elephant trumpets.大象叫。

A fox yelps.狐貍叫。

An ass brays(hee-haws).驢叫。

A horse neighs(whinnies, knickers).馬叫。

A lion roars.獅吼。

A tiger growls.虎嘯（吼，叫）。

A turkey gobbles.火雞（咯咯）叫。

A whale blows.鯨魚（撲撲）叫。

A wolf howls(growls).狼（嚎，號）叫。

A frog croaks.青蛙哇哇叫。

A monkey screeches(chatters, gibbers, jabbers).猴子叫（猿啼，猿嘯）。

A mouse squeaks(peeps).老鼠吱吱（唧唧）叫。

A snake hisses.蛇聲咝咝。

A cat miaows(miaus, mews, purrs).貓咪咪叫。

A dog barks(yaps, yelps, bays, snarls, growls, howls).狗汪汪叫（狂叫等）。

A pig grunts(squeals).豬咕嚕咕嚕（哼哼）叫。

其它一些擬聲詞：

1、金屬磕碰聲

當(dāng)啷

clank,clang

2、形容金屬的響聲 當(dāng)當(dāng) rattle

3、金屬、瓷器連續(xù)撞擊聲 丁零當(dāng)啷 jingle, jangle, cling-clang

4、鼓聲、敲門聲 咚咚 rub-a dub, rat-tat, rat-a-tat

5、脆響的（關(guān)門）聲 吧嗒 clik

6、敲打木頭聲 梆梆 rat-tat，rat-at

7、重物落下聲 咕咚 thud, splash, plump

8、東西傾倒聲 嘩啦 crash, clank

9、風(fēng)吹動樹枝葉聲 颯颯 sough, rustle

10、樹枝等折斷聲 嘎巴 crack, snap

11、不大的寒風(fēng)聲 瑟瑟 rustle

12、踩沙子、飛沙擊物或風(fēng)吹草木 沙沙、颯颯 rustle

13、飛機(jī)螺旋槳轉(zhuǎn)動 呼呼 whirr

14、雨點(diǎn)敲擊房頂 噼里啪啦 patter

15、水流動聲 拔拉 splash, gurgle

16、物體受壓 嘎吱 creak

喀嚓 crack, snap

17、溪水、泉水流動聲 潺潺 murmur, babble, purl

18、液體、沸騰、水流涌出或大口喝水聲 咕嘟 babble, gurgle

19、重物落地聲 撲通 flop, thump, splash, pit-a-pat 20、笑聲、水、氣擠出聲 撲哧 titter, snigger, fizz

21、雷聲、爆炸聲、機(jī)器聲 隆隆 hum, rumble, roll

22、汽笛或喇叭聲 嗚嗚 toot, hoot, zoom

23、油在鍋里 滋滋 sizzle

24、鞭炮爆炸聲 噼啪 pop

25、腳踏樓板聲 登登 clump

第四篇：自我介紹英漢互譯

女士們，先生們大家上午好：

我叫郭若松，是一個性格活潑、愛好廣泛的男孩，對播音主持和奔放的舞蹈更是情有獨(dú)鐘。我喜歡在我的世界里載著夢想自由飛翔。如果說主持人用語言與觀眾交流，那我更是喜歡舞者使用無聲的肢體語言與人交流。

而熟知我的老師和同學(xué)們都說我是一個愛做夢的男孩。假如有一天，能夠面對著麥克風(fēng)——我最親密的朋友，將我心中最美的感受和最多的感動，通過聲音和畫面?zhèn)鬟f給更多人。我相信心靈的溝通將是笑顏更加燦爛，情感的交融會讓忙碌得你我他多一些寬容和關(guān)愛，這就是我的夢想和孜孜以求的目標(biāo)。Good morning ladies and gentalman:

I called Guo ruo song is a lively personality, hobbies boy is a soft spot, radio host and imaginative dance.I like to fly freely carrying the dream of my world.If the host language to communicate with the audience, then I like the dancers use the silent body language to communicate with people.And the well-known teacher and classmates say I love dream boy.If, one day, the face of the microphone-my closest friends, the best feelings in my heart and moved passed to more people through sound and pictures.I believe that spiritual communication will be more brilliant smile, emotional blend makes busy you and me a little more tolerant and caring, this is my dream and pursued the goal.

第五篇：英漢詞匯互譯

英漢詞匯互譯的若干方法

(一)準(zhǔn)確理解詞義

1.根據(jù)上下文辨詞義。

2.論褒貶，即要注意同義詞之間有不同的語體色彩、使用范圍及程度。

任何語言都有語體之分，有高雅的、通俗的、粗野 的，還有俚語、公文用語及術(shù)語等。文學(xué)作品中，作家通過不同的語體來刻畫人物的性格特征，更是常用的方法。翻譯時，必須審其雅俗，量其輕重，這樣，才能恰如其分地表達(dá)原文的精神。

(1)詞義有輕重的不同

例如表示“打破”的詞

break是最一般的用語，意思是經(jīng)打擊或施加壓力而破碎。

crack是出現(xiàn)了裂縫，但還沒有變成碎片。

crush是從外面用力往內(nèi)或從上往下而壓碎。

demolish是破壞、鏟平或削平(如土堆、建筑物、城堡等)。

destroy是完全摧毀，使之無法復(fù)原。

shatter是突然使一物體粉碎。

smash舊指由于突如其來的一陣暴力帶一聲響而徹底粉碎。

又如表示“閃光”的詞

shine照耀；指光的穩(wěn)定發(fā)射。

glitter閃光；指光的不穩(wěn)定發(fā)射。

glare耀眼；表示光的最強(qiáng)度。

sparkle閃爍；指發(fā)射微細(xì)的光度。

(2)詞義有范圍大小和側(cè)重面的不同

在一定上下文中，在agriculture，farming，cultivation，agronomy四個詞中：griculture指農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)、農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)、整個農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)過程，所包含的范圍最廣。farming指農(nóng)業(yè)的實踐。cultivation指農(nóng)業(yè)物的栽培過程。agronomy指把科學(xué)原理運(yùn)用到農(nóng)業(yè)耕作中去的實踐。

又如在empty，vacant，hollow這組同義詞中，它們各自有不同的形容對象和強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容：

empty可以用來形容house，room，cup，box，stomach，head，words等詞，表示“空的，一無所有。”

vacant可以用來形容position，room，house，seat等詞表示“沒有人占用的，空缺的。”hollow可以和tree，voice，sound，cheeks等詞連用，表示“空洞的，虛的，不實的，下陷的?！?/p>

(3)詞義有感情色彩(如憎惡、蔑視、諷刺、詛咒、尊敬、親昵等等)和語體色彩(如莊嚴(yán)、高雅、古樸、俚語、方言詞語、公文用語、委婉詞等等)的不同。如“死”就有許多委婉的說法：

to expire 逝世

to pass away 與世長辭

to close(end)one's day 壽終

to breathe one's last 斷氣

to go west 歸西天

to pay the debt of nature 了結(jié)塵緣

to depart to the world of shadows 命歸黃泉

to give up the ghost 見閻王

to kick the bucket蹬腿You can kick everything but you can not kick the bucket.to kick up one's heels 蹬腿

又如“懷孕”也有許多委婉的說法：

She is having a baby.She is expecting.She is in the family way.She is knitting little booties.She is in a delicate condition.She is in an interesting condition.又如“警察”：

policeman 正式用語

cop 美國口語

bobby 英國口語

nab 美國俚語

3.看搭配。任何一種語言，在長期使用的過程中，會形成一種固定的詞組或常見的搭配。這些比較固定的說法，有時可以譯成另一種語言，有時則不行。翻譯時，必須注意英漢兩種語言中詞的不同搭配。

以kill為例：

He killed the man.他殺死了那個人。

He killed his chances of success.他斷送了成功的機(jī)會。

He killed the motion when it came from the committe e.他否決了委員會提出來的動議。

He killed three bottles of whisky in a week.他一周內(nèi)喝光了三瓶威士忌。

kill the peace 扼殺和平

kill the promise 取消諾言

kill a marriage 解除婚約

還要注意英漢定語與名詞的搭配不同：

heavy crops 豐收

heavy news 令人悲痛的消息

heavy road 泥濘的路

heavy sea 波濤洶涌的海洋

heavy heart 憂傷的心

heavy reader 沉悶冗長的讀物

又如：

a broken man 一個絕望的人

a broken soldier 一個殘廢軍人

a broken promise 背棄的諾言

a broken spirit 消沉的意志

broken money 零錢

國際著名品牌趣譯

許多國際著名品牌源于很平凡的名字，譯為中文必須有巧思。

如果把營銷比喻成一場戰(zhàn)役，那么成功的品牌名稱就像一面不倒的軍旗。國際品牌在全球范圍內(nèi)營銷，必然要跨越種種文化障礙，如語言差異、消費(fèi)習(xí)慣差異、宗教差異等。把品牌譯為中文必須有巧思。

由于西方國家的文化比較相似，所以某一個國家的品牌比較容易為其他國家所接受。中華文化與西方文化差異較大，因此，國外品牌要打入華人市場，必須慎重考慮命名問題。商品經(jīng)濟(jì)現(xiàn)象的復(fù)雜，使西方品牌名稱的翻譯超越了語言學(xué)概念，而上升到文化心理和市場重新定位層面。

麥當(dāng)勞：蘊(yùn)含多層意義，比如麥當(dāng)勞，英文名稱是“McDonald’s”，它是店主人名字的所有格形成。西方人習(xí)慣以姓氏給公司命名，像愛迪生公司、華爾特·迪斯尼公司、福特公司。但是華人通常喜歡以喜慶、興隆、吉祥、新穎的詞匯給店鋪命名，如“百盛”、“天潤發(fā)”、“好來順”、“全聚德”、“喜來登”。McDonald是個小人物，他比不上愛迪生，人家是世界聞名的大科學(xué)家，也不如迪斯尼，因為迪斯尼成了“卡通世界”的代名詞，所以如果老老實實地把“McDonald’s”譯成“麥克唐納的店”，就過于平淡，而“麥當(dāng)勞”就非常成功：

一，大致保留了原發(fā)音；

二，體現(xiàn)了食品店的性質(zhì)；

三，蘊(yùn)涵著“要吃麥就應(yīng)當(dāng)勞動”的教育意義；

四，風(fēng)格既“中”又“洋”，符合華人的口味。

可口可樂：絕妙之譯，眾所周知，“可口可樂”就是“CocaCola”，但是卻很少有人追問一句：那是什么意思？原來Coca和Cola是兩種植物的名字，音譯為古柯樹和可樂樹，古柯樹的葉子和可樂樹的籽是該飲品的原材料，古柯葉里面含有古柯堿，也叫可卡因（有時用做局總麻醉藥，尤其用于眼睛、鼻子或喉嚨，還因其興奮性和刺激性而廣泛用做毒品）。這樣枯燥乏味甚至有點(diǎn)可怕的名字居然被翻譯成“可口可樂”，真是CocaCola公司的化腐朽為神奇?！翱煽诳蓸贰弊g名的成功之處在于：

一，保留了原文押頭韻的響亮發(fā)音；

二，完全拋棄了原文的意思，而是從喝飲料的感受和好處上打攻心戰(zhàn)，手段高明；

三，這種飲品的味道并非人人喜歡，很多人甚至覺得它像中藥，但它卻自稱“可口”，而且喝了以后還讓人開心。善于進(jìn)行自我表揚(yáng)，討好大眾。

上述兩例是保留原品牌名稱發(fā)音，而改變原意的成功范例。其他如中國譯為“奔馳”，新馬譯為“馬賽地”的名牌汽車，原文“MercedesBenz”是該汽車公司老板愛女的名字，譯為“奔馳”是刪除了復(fù)雜的Mercedes，簡潔而響亮。

“Ikea”譯為“宜家”是高招，再如“Ikea”家具品牌，即便在瑞典也很少有人知道它的意思，是聰明的中譯者賦予它“宜家”這美好的含義。實際上，Ikea是該品牌的創(chuàng)始人IngvarKamprad和他的農(nóng)場名Elmtaryd及村莊名Agunnaryd的詞首字母組合。

有的品牌名稱只進(jìn)行音譯，如“麥斯威爾”咖啡，僅僅是“Maxwell”的發(fā)音而已。由于它的訴求對象是白領(lǐng)階層，尤其是“外向型”白領(lǐng)，因此這個名字是成功的。但如果想讓廣大華人買賬，就不如“雀巢”。在雀巢咖啡剛進(jìn)入中國大陸時，聽村里的農(nóng)民議論：“雀巢”咖啡就是“鳥窩”咖啡。即使沒文化的人也對它產(chǎn)生興趣，可見名稱的戲劇性效果非常有利于提高品牌的知名度。

名牌手機(jī)“諾基亞”，芬蘭文原名“Nokia”，是廠子所在小鎮(zhèn)的名字，很顯然，譯文比原文更富有高科技感，好像還有點(diǎn)“承諾亞洲”的味道。

“福士偉根”跟希特勒有關(guān)，有的品牌名稱只進(jìn)行意譯。如“福士偉根”（中國稱“大眾汽車”），德文原名“Volkswagen”，Vokls的意思是人民大眾，Wagen是汽車。

關(guān)于“福士偉根”，還有一段鮮為人知的來歷：19世紀(jì)二三十年代，汽車非常昂貴，只屬于少數(shù)富人。希特勒上臺后，宣稱要為全體勞動大眾制造汽車，汽車的牌子就叫“Volkswagen”，他號召人們每月省下一些錢，建立“汽車存款”，若干年后家家有汽車。可是不久戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)，汽車廠忙著造戰(zhàn)爭機(jī)器去了。然而戰(zhàn)后大眾汽車的品牌名稱卻保留了下來。

還有一類是以簡稱進(jìn)行跨國界統(tǒng)一傳播，比如慕尼黑的一家汽車廠，德文全稱是BayerischeMotorenWerke（拜耶里奇飛機(jī)引擎生產(chǎn)廠），簡稱為BMW，后來它不僅生產(chǎn)飛機(jī)發(fā)動機(jī)，還擴(kuò)展到越野車、摩托單車、高級轎車。現(xiàn)在沒有人關(guān)心BMW到底是什么意思，BMW三個字母圍繞的藍(lán)白徽標(biāo)，已成為成功和信譽(yù)的標(biāo)志。其中文名稱“寶馬”是多么浪漫、簡潔、貼切。

再如，Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company（明尼蘇達(dá)礦業(yè)及制造公司），就是我們熟知的3M公司。西方人對品牌名稱的要求比較單純：一，簡單易記；二不重復(fù)；三，在別國語言里不會產(chǎn)生誤解，對宗教信仰不要有侮辱性含義。為安全起見，有些廠家就干脆造一個新詞，如康柏公司“Compaq”（美國電腦生產(chǎn)商）來源于Compact（電腦術(shù)語，意思是密集的、壓緊的），把詞尾變成q，就構(gòu)成一個新詞，它很容易使人聯(lián)想到源詞，使公司的行業(yè)特征非常明顯。

感冒癥狀表達(dá)法

1.I've got a cold./ I've got a bad cold.我感冒了。/ 我感冒很嚴(yán)重。

2.I've got a runny nose./ My nose is running.我流鼻水。

3.I've got a sore throat.我喉嚨痛。

4.I've been coughing day and night.我早晚都在咳嗽。

5.I can't stop sneezing.我打噴嚏打個不停。

6.I've got a temperature./ I'm running a high fever.我發(fā)燒了。/ 我發(fā)高燒。

7.I've got a very bad headache./ This headache is killing me.我頭很痛。/我頭快痛死了。

8.I feel sore and ache all over.我覺得全身酸痛。

9.I feel like I'm dying.我覺得我好象要死了一樣。

10.I feel dizzy./ My head is swimming.我頭暈。/ 我頭昏腦脹的。

關(guān)于[緣]的表達(dá)

緣分 predestined relationship

緣 reason;cause;sake, relationship, edge;fringe, climb

血緣 blood relationship

人緣 relations with people

姻緣 predestined marriage

前世因緣 predestination

天賜良緣 a godsent marriage;a good marriage arranged in Heaven

天緣巧合 a luck coincidence

喜結(jié)良緣 tie the nuptial knot

締結(jié)姻緣 form marital tie

聊得投緣 talk congenially

有緣結(jié)識某人 be lucky to get acquainted with sb.無緣結(jié)識某人 have no opportunity to get acquainted with sb.