第一篇：英漢互譯實踐與技巧

實踐中現(xiàn)存的問題并找出解決的辦法 ,走出目前英漢互譯教學(xué)的困境促使學(xué)生了解文化差異 ,多閱讀、勤背誦、常思考、重交流 ,熟練掌握英漢互譯的技能。

關(guān)鍵詞:英漢互譯教學(xué);語感;文化

翻譯是跨語言、跨文化、跨社會的社交活動。漢互譯教學(xué)的任務(wù)是培養(yǎng)和提高學(xué)生的實際翻譯能 樂趣。

簡單的精讀課教學(xué),其結(jié)果是學(xué)生只能從中

學(xué)習(xí)幾個單詞或者短語 ,難以全面掌握翻譯的技能,二、英漢互譯教學(xué)效果的改進措施

.要求學(xué)生多閱讀、勤背誦

1.翻譯教學(xué)的目的不明確 語言重在培養(yǎng)學(xué)習(xí)感覺和靈性。閱讀可以提高

將所看過的各種素材

2.學(xué)生的認(rèn)識不到位 我所用、信手拈來。背誦是一個日積月累的過程 ,以后的實踐中能夠自如地運用2.培養(yǎng)學(xué)生常思考、多交流

語言學(xué)科尤其是英漢互譯課程 ,囊括了歷史、地 度上領(lǐng)會文化的差異給英漢互譯帶來的影響。

理、經(jīng)濟、文化、科技等方方面面的知識。

在英漢互譯教學(xué)中不斷要求學(xué)生對身邊的一切事物 任何課程都受到外部和內(nèi)部兩大因素的影響。

通過英漢兩種語言進行互換思考 ,保持“事事關(guān)心 外部因素包括科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展、社會經(jīng)濟的變化、人

它的表達 ,時時我來表達 ”的積極語言學(xué)習(xí)態(tài)度?？诘牧鲃印⑽幕淖冞w等 ,內(nèi)部因素則包括教育系統(tǒng)

經(jīng)常性的思考訓(xùn)練 ,有助于培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的靈感思維。靈感思維是翻譯活動中譯者通過對原語的透徹理解 影響。

學(xué)生互相學(xué)習(xí),經(jīng)常交流 ,吸取他人的正確思維和語 多思考多討論 ,要在輔導(dǎo)環(huán)節(jié)對學(xué)生的譯文進行評

言表達方式。析 ,充分調(diào)動學(xué)生的語言學(xué)習(xí)積極性。

3.指導(dǎo)學(xué)生了解文化差異

第二篇：英漢互譯實踐 大綱

《英漢互譯實踐》教學(xué)大綱

本課程旨在傳授翻譯基本知識、實用的翻譯理論和翻譯技巧，研究對比英漢兩種語言思維文化的差異，總結(jié)掌握兩種語言的規(guī)律和表達習(xí)慣，從中找出翻譯規(guī)律。在此基礎(chǔ)上，對學(xué)生進行大量的翻譯實踐訓(xùn)練，從翻譯實踐中掌握翻譯規(guī)律，獲取翻譯的基本技能技巧，同時加深學(xué)生對英漢兩種語言文化的了解，初步掌握不同文體的翻譯技巧。通過翻譯理論的學(xué)習(xí)、翻譯實踐的訓(xùn)練，培養(yǎng)和提高學(xué)生的實際翻譯能力。通過本課程的學(xué)習(xí)，學(xué)生能將中等難度的漢語篇章或段落譯成英語，或?qū)⒅械入y度的英語篇章或段落譯成漢語，譯文忠實原文，語言通順。

本課程教材共16講，但教材的使用主要以學(xué)生課后閱讀為主，而課堂上教師講授內(nèi)容部分地以教材為基礎(chǔ)，重點講授翻譯基本理論，對英漢兩種語言思維和文化進行對比和分析，介紹各種翻譯技巧，介紹各種文體及其翻譯，使學(xué)生掌握英漢雙語翻譯的基本理論，掌握英漢詞語、長句及各種文體的翻譯技巧和英漢互譯的能力。

本課程對學(xué)生的具體要求為：

1．掌握嚴(yán)復(fù)的翻譯理論，并用之指導(dǎo)自己的翻譯實踐。

2．掌握翻譯規(guī)律，獲取翻譯技能技巧，并靈活地運用于翻譯實踐。

3．掌握英漢兩種語言文化的語言規(guī)律和表達習(xí)慣，兩種語言的個性和共性。

4．根據(jù)英語的語言規(guī)律和表達習(xí)慣，聯(lián)系上下文分析原文的詞匯含義、句法結(jié)構(gòu)、邏輯關(guān)系和交際功能，準(zhǔn)確理解原文所表達的言語形式和思想內(nèi)容。

5．根據(jù)對原文形式和內(nèi)容的理解，用地道的目的語表達手段將原文的全部信息等值地重新表達出來。

第三篇：英漢互譯翻譯與實踐技巧1-12單元參考答案

Unit1 1.Every life has its roses and thorns.人生總是有苦有樂, 甘苦參半。(人生的道路既鋪滿鮮花, 又充滿荊棘.)2.I’ll have Lisa where I want her.我要麗莎去哪里她就得去哪里

3.He carried his age astonishingly well.他一點兒都不顯老，面容年輕得令人驚訝。4.She’d never again believe anything in trousers.她再也不愿相信任何男人了.5.He was a dead shot.However,he met his Waterloo this time.他是一個神槍手，可這一次卻遭到慘敗。/ 他遭遇了滑鐵盧。6.Nixon was pleased by the distinction,but not overwhelmed.尼克松對受到的破格禮遇非常高興，但并沒有受寵若驚。7.Yet China was a land of constant surprise and shifting impression.而中國是一片令人驚訝、日新月異的土地。

8.After the failure of his last novel,his reputation stands on slippery ground.、他上一篇小說寫砸了, 他的名聲從此岌岌可危.9.Mrs.Sawyer looked radiant,too,and for the first time gobbled up her dinner like a little pig.索耶太太也容光煥發(fā)，第一次大口大口吃飯，活像一只小豬。10.He walked at the head of the funeral procession,and every now and then wiped his crocodile tears with a big handkerchief.他走在送葬隊伍的前頭，還不時有哪個一條大手絹抹去他那鱷魚的眼淚。

11.It is the same old story of not being grateful for what we have until we lose it,of not being conscious of health until we are ill.還是那句老話：物失方知可貴，病時倍思健康。

12.When we are in buoyant health,death is all but unimaginable.We seldom think of it.The days stretch out in an endless vista.So we go about our petty tasks,hardly aware of our listless attitude toward life.當(dāng)我們年富力強時，死亡幾乎是難以想象的事。我們很少想到死。來日方長，前途無量。于是，我們忙于瑣碎的事物，根本意識不到我們對生命的漠然態(tài)度

13.A greeting card can warm a heart,hold a hand ,lend an ear,pat a back light up a face,tickle a funny bone,dry an eye,surprise a child,woo a sweetheart,toast a bride,welcome a stranger,wave a good-bye,shout a bravo,blow a kiss,mend a quarrel,ease a pain,bost a morale,stop a worry and start a tradition.一張賀卡可以溫暖一顆心，握緊一雙手，傾聽肺腑言，輕拍友人背；它令人喜洋洋，繚的心癢癢，抹去淚汪汪；它給孩子以驚喜，給戀人一溫存，給新娘以祝福，給路人以歡迎；它可用以揮手告別，高聲喝彩，送上飛吻，也可以平息爭吵，減輕痛苦，提高士氣，解除憂慮，開創(chuàng)一種新風(fēng)尚。

Unit2 1.Needing some light to see by,the burglar crossed the room with a light step to light the light with the light green shade.夜賊需要一點亮光來辨識四周，于是輕步穿過房間，去點亮帶有淺綠色燈罩的燈。2.All citizens in this nation are subject to the law.這個國家的全體公民都必須服從法律。3.Payment are subject to change in keeping with inflation 支付隨通貨膨脹的變化而變化。.4.Subject to the fulfilment of other formalities,they shall be granted all necessary permits.在他們履行其他正式手續(xù)的條件下，可授予他們一切必要的執(zhí)照 5.Before it begins to work,the yeast is subject to disruption caused by fluctuations in temperature.酵母在發(fā)酵之前，易受溫度起伏變化的干擾。

6.Accession shall be subject to approval of a two-third vote of the Directors of the Government Body.就任須得到董事會三分之二以上的成員同意。

7.Samples are subject to a series of tests in the lab,te object of which is largely to determine the correct processing methods to be adopted in each case.樣品在實驗室經(jīng)過一系列的檢驗，其主要目的在于針對不同情況來決定采用恰當(dāng)?shù)募庸し椒ā?/p>

8.The mechanism o the process,slow and delicate,often escapes our attention.這種作用過程既緩慢又微妙，經(jīng)常逃過微妙的注意。9.Under capitalism drugs and alcohol are used by some as an escape mechanism.在資本主義社會，毒品和酒被一些人用作逃避現(xiàn)實的途徑。

10.But people are apt to marvel at an ingenious mechanism and obliterate the man who makes it.但是人們往往對精巧的器械大為驚異，卻忘記了制造它的人。11.Perhaps this is the very mechanism of the creators of our nation who hold these truths to be self-evident.我們國家的締造者們認(rèn)為這些真理是不言而喻的，或許這正是他們的匠心所在。12.And,again as a result of the development of modern technology,mechanism in philosophy became an upstart.隨著現(xiàn)代技術(shù)的發(fā)展，哲學(xué)中的機械論再度變得盛極一時。13.The two model cariants of the socialist economic mechanism are to be distinguished from the point of view of market function.對于社會主義經(jīng)濟體制的兩種模式需要從市場功能的觀點來加以區(qū)別。

Unit3 1.With the passage of time,my admiration for him grew more more and more.我對她的仰慕之情與日劇增

2.He has long been an enemy of stilted and pretentious English.他一向反對矯揉造作的英語

3.The audience attended the performance varied from tens to thousand.看演出的觀眾少則幾十人，多則數(shù)千人。

4.Independent observers have commented favorably on the achievement you have made in this direction

思想獨立的觀察家們對你們這方面所取得的成就給予了很好的評價。5.No wonder the sight of it should send the memories of quite a number of people of the old generation back to 36 yeares ago.難怪老一輩的許多人一見到它就會想到36年前的往事。

6.There is a big increase in demand for all kinds of consumer goods in every part of our country.目前我國各地對各種消費品的需求量已大大的增加。

7.Out of all the glorious tales written about the U.S.revolution for independence from Britain the fact is hardly known that a blank man was the first to die for American independence

讀遍了關(guān)于美國為擺脫關(guān)于英國統(tǒng)治爭取獨立而進行革命的堂皇紀(jì)事，也很艱難弄清第一個為美國獨立捐軀的原來是個黑人。

8.I buried my head under the miserable sheet and rug,and cried like a child

我心理十分難受，一頭扎進被單和毯子中，像孩子一樣哭了起來。9.The thief made a trembling confession of his wrongdoing ,小偷戰(zhàn)戰(zhàn)兢兢地坦白了所干的壞事。

10.The sailors swarmed into a laughing and cheering around the two men.水手們歡歡樂樂，蜂擁而至，將這兩人圍城一團。

11.I enjoy the clean voluptuousness of the warm breeze on my skin and the cool support of water.我喜愛那潔凈的暖風(fēng)吹拂在我的皮膚上使我陶然欲醉，也喜愛那清涼的流水吧我的身體托浮在水面上。

12.It was a truth of which I had for some time been conscious that a figure with a good deal of frontage was ,as one might say ,almost never a public instituin.一段時期以來，我注意到了一條普遍規(guī)律，不妨說，儀表堂堂的人大抵不是什么社會名流。

Unit4 1.Oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it.海洋與其說是分隔了世界不如說是連接了整個世界。2.When she came to, she saw smiling faces around her.她蘇醒過來，看見周圍一張張笑臉。

3.The planet we live on is not just a ball of inert material.我們居住的星球并不僅僅是一個由惰性物質(zhì)組成的球體。4,。The pupil of the eye responds to the change of light intensity.瞳孔隨光線的強弱變化而縮小放大。

5.Courage in excess becomes foolhardiness, affection weakness, thrift avarice.勇敢過度，即成蠻勇，感情過度，即成軟弱，簡約過度，即成貪婪。6.Reading maketh a full man;conference a ready man;and writing an exact man..讀書使人充實，討論使人機智，筆寫使人準(zhǔn)確。

7.Their host carved, poured, served, cut bread, talked, laughed, proposed healths.熱情的主義又是切肉，又是倒茶，又是上菜，又是切面包，談啊，笑啊，敬酒啊，忙個不停。

8.This digital camera is easy to operate, versatile, compact and has a pleasing modern design.這種數(shù)碼相機操作簡便，功能齊全，結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，造型美觀。9.A scientific hypothesis can be proven-or, perhaps more importantly, disproven-but a poem, a picture, or a piece of music, cannot.一條科學(xué)假設(shè)可以被證實，或被否定，后者可能更為重要。而一首詩，一張畫，或一曲音樂卻不能。

10.Histories make men wise;poets witty;mathematics subtle;natural philosophy deep;moral grave;logic and rhetoric able to contend.讀史使人明智，讀詩人靈秀，數(shù)學(xué)使人周密，科學(xué)使人深刻，倫理使人莊重，邏輯修飾之學(xué)使人善辯。

Unit5 1．If you give him an inch, he will take a mile.你要是遷就他，他會得寸進尺。

2.Never trouble yourself with trouble till trouble troubles you.不要自找麻煩。

3.The true joy of joys is the joy that joys in the joy of others.與人同樂才是真樂。

4.It is not entirely right to say that if there is food, let everyone share it.說有飯大家吃并不完全正確。

5.There was no haste or restlessness in his manner but a poised friendliness.他從容不迫，和藹可親。|他舉止不慌不忙，十分友好。

6.Radioactivity may cause illness that could be passed on to our children and grandchildren.放射線可以引起遺傳性疾病。

7.Bacteria capable of causing disease are known as pathogenic, or disease-producing germs.會引起疾病的細(xì)菌稱為致病菌。

8.For generations, coal and oil have been regarded as the chief energy source to transport men from place to place.世世代代以來，煤和石油一直被認(rèn)為是人員運輸?shù)闹饕茉础?/p>

9．Patients with influenza must be separated from the well lest the disease should spread from person to person.流感病人必須與健康的人隔開，以免疾病傳播。

10.Among the 18 species of penguins, 8 have chosen the environs of the South Pole as their habitats.在18種企鵝中，有8種棲息在南極四周。

11.These developing countries cover vast territories, encompass a large population and abound in natural resources.這些發(fā)展中國家，土地遼闊，人口眾多，資源豐富。

12.In order to survive, to feed, clothe and shelter himself and his children, man is engaged in a constant struggle with nature.為了生存，為了自己和子孫后代的衣食住行，人類和大自然不斷進行斗爭。13.Winter is the best time to study the growth of trees.Although the leaves are gone and the branches are bare, the trees themselves are beautiful.冬天是研究樹木生長的最好季節(jié)；雖然樹葉落了，樹枝光了，但樹木本身卻很美麗。14.Scientific exploration, the search for knowledge, has given man the practical result of being able to shield himself from the calamities of nature and the calamities imposed by others.人類對科學(xué)的研究，對知識的尋求，其實際結(jié)果是使自己具有抵御天災(zāi)人禍的能力。

Unit 6 1.It is easy to see what weight can be overcome and what thrust is necessary to maintain flight.要知道應(yīng)該抵消多大重力并需要多大推力才能保持飛行，這很容易。2.He was dumb-founded at her insistence that he explain where every cent of his allowance had gone.她非要他講清楚他的每一分錢都到哪兒去了，他啞口無言。3.That our environment has little,if anything,to do with our abilities,characteristics and behavior is central to this theory.這種理論的核心是，我們的環(huán)境同我們的才能、性格特征和行為即使有什么關(guān)系的話，也是微不足道的。

4.Behaviorist,in contrast,say that differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other vantages that whites enjoy.相反，行為主義者認(rèn)為，成績的差異是由于黑人往往被剝奪了白人在教育及其他環(huán)境方面所享有的許多有利條件。

5.He would be a rash man who should yenture to defy world public opnion and act arbitrarily.如果有人敢于公然蔑視世界公眾輿論而一意孤行，那他一定是個魯莽之徒。6.I was all the more delighted when,as a result of th einitiative of your government,it proved possible to reinstate the visit so quickly.由于貴國政府的提議，才得以這樣快地重提訪問之事，這使我感到特別高興。7.Accounts are given of huge mountains sinking,of former plaiins seen heaved aloft,of fires flashing out amid the ruin.大山沉陷，平原隆起，火焰噴射，周圍是一片廢墟，這些都有報道。

8.The president has also called for an annual moment of silence at8;46 a.m.Eastern time,when the first plane hit the first tower.總統(tǒng)也號召每年的這一天，在東部時間8:45，也就是當(dāng)?shù)谝患茱w機撞上第一座塔樓的時刻全國默哀。

9.Nowadays it is understood that a diet which contains nothing harmful may result in serious disease if certain important elements are missing。

如今人們知道，如果食物中缺少了某些重要的成分，即使其中不含任何有害的物質(zhì)，也會引起嚴(yán)重的疾病。

10.Can you forge against these enemies in a grand and global alliance,North and South,East and West,that can assure a more fruitful life for all mankind ? Will you join in that historic effort? 你們能不能部分東南西北，建立起一個對付這些敵人的全球聯(lián)盟，以保證全人類享有更為豐富的生活？你們是否愿意參與這一歷史的努力？

11.Many more visitors than it can comfortably accommodate poured into it ,off the regular steamers,off chartered motorboats and off yachts;all day they ambled up the towpath ,looking for what? 游客太多了，這小地方接待不過來。搭班船的、坐包船的、駕游艇的，一批批涌到，從早到晚，絡(luò)繹不絕，漫步爬上纖路。他們想看什么呢？ Unit7 1.One could not be too careful in a new neighborhood.新到一個陌生的鄰里，越小心越好。

2.I'm wiser than to believe what you call money talks.我才不至于蠢到相信你所說的金錢是萬能呢。

3.Nothing is so beautiful but it betrays some defect on close inspection.再漂亮的東西，只要仔細(xì)觀察，也會發(fā)現(xiàn)某種缺陷。4.He would do anything he was asked to do but return to his old life.叫他干什么他都愿意，只要不再過以往那種日子就行。5.I know it is a square peg in a round hole;still, it serves after a fashion.我知道此物方枘圓鑿，十分不配；但盡管如此，還是勉強頂用。

6.Africa is not kicking out western imperialism in order to invite other new masters.非洲將西方帝國主義踢出國門并不是為了請進其他的新主子。7.Both sides thought that the peace proposal was one they could accept with dignity

雙方都認(rèn)為可以不失體面地接受這個和平方案。8.All the chemical energy of the fuel is not converted into heat 9.燃料中的所有化學(xué)能并非都可以轉(zhuǎn)化成熱能。

10.All graduates from the Foregin Languages Institute will not be appointed to do translation work.外語院校的畢業(yè)生并非人人被分配去做翻譯工作。11.All these various losses,great as they are ,do not in any way contradict the law of conservation of energy.所有這些能量耗散，盡管很大，卻都和能量守恒定律無矛盾。12.All other sources of heat besides the sun would not raise the temperature of the eatth1/4 degree F.除了太陽的熱源以外，所有其他熱源都不能把地球的溫度升高四分之一華氏度。13.Not all sounds made by animals serve as language,and we have only to turn to that extraordinary discovery of echolocation in bats to see a case in which the voice plays a strictly utilitarian role.動物發(fā)出的聲音并不都起語言作用。只需以發(fā)現(xiàn)蝙蝠的回聲定位這個不同尋常的事為例，我們就能知道聲音起著嚴(yán)格的功利作用。

14.The contemporary phenomenon of motorcar worship is to be explained not least by the sense of iindependence and freedom that ownership entails.當(dāng)代社會崇尚汽車的現(xiàn)象其部分原因可以解釋為：一個人有了汽車，便可以自由行動，不依賴他人。

15.The target is wrong,for iin attacking the tests,critics dicert attention from the fault that lies with ill-informed or iincompetent uses.（把標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化測試作為抨擊）目標(biāo)是錯誤的，因為在抨擊這類測試時，批評者不考慮其弊病來自人們對測試不甚了解或使用不當(dāng)。16.One may as well be asleep to read for anything but to improve his mind and morals, and regulate his conduct.讀書如果不是為了培養(yǎng)才德和端莊品行，還不如睡大覺好。

17.Few things are impossible in themselves：and it is often for want of will, rather than of means, that men fail of success.事情很少有做不成的；其所以做不成，與其說由于條件不夠，不如說由于缺乏決心。18.In one broadcast Anna Roosevelt ,the wife of President Franklin Roosevelt ,said,”we cannot be too tired to win peace if our civilization is to go on.”

富蘭克林·羅斯?？偨y(tǒng)的夫人安娜·羅斯福有一次在廣播中說：“如果想使戰(zhàn)后的文明持續(xù)下去，我們付出多大的艱辛爭取也不過分。”

19.It is nothing for a big,strong schoolboy to elbow an elderly woman aside in the dash for the last remaining seat on the tube or bus,much less stand up and offer his seat to her,as he ought.為了搶占地鐵或公交汽車上的最后一個座位，身強力壯的中學(xué)生可以把老太太推開，更別提站起來給老太太讓個座了----這對他們來說簡直不算回事兒。他們本不應(yīng)該這樣做。

UNIT8 1.The oil of the world will have been used up,and man will be using the more convenient power obtained from the splitting of the atom.全世界的石油將會用盡，到那時人們將使用通過原子裂變獲取的更為方便的動力。2.There are some radioactive isotopes which are produced artificially by bombardment of nuclei with neutrons.有幾種放射性同位素是通過用中子轟擊原子核而人造出來的。

3.Care should be taken to decrease the length of time that one is subjected to loud continuous noise.應(yīng)當(dāng)注意縮短人們在強噪聲環(huán)境中的停留時間。4.Much has been said about the complexity of embryonic stem-cell research.關(guān)于胚胎干細(xì)胞研究的復(fù)雜性已經(jīng)談的很多了

5.Goodyear ,an American,had been trying for years to find a way in which rubber could be made hard,non-stick ,and yet elastic.多年來，一個名叫古德伊爾的美國人一直在努力尋找一種方法把橡膠做的硬而不粘，但卻有彈性。

6.We are taught that business letters should be written in a formal style rather than a personal one.我們學(xué)過，寫商務(wù)信件要用規(guī)范的格式，而不能像個人信件那樣隨便。

7.She told me that her master had dismissed her.No reason had been given;no objection had been made to her conduct.She had been forbidden to appeal to her mistress.她告訴我，男主人已經(jīng)雇了她。沒有對她說明任何理由，對她的行為也沒提出任何異議。而且不許她向女主人申訴。

8.The increasing speed of scientific development will be obvious if one considers that TV ,space craft,and nuclear-power ships,which are taken for granted now,would have seemed fantastic to people whose lives ended as recently as 1920.電視機、宇宙飛船和核動力艦艇對今天的人們來說不是什么新鮮事物，但對于生活于20世紀(jì)20年代以前的人來說，卻似乎是不可思議的東西。考慮到這一點，科學(xué)發(fā)展的速度之快就顯而易見了。9.The rusting of iron is one example of corrosion, which may be described as the destructive chemical attack of a metal by media with which it comes in contact, such as moisture,air and water.可以認(rèn)為，腐蝕狀態(tài)是金屬接觸濕氣、空氣和水等介質(zhì)后形成的破壞性化學(xué)侵蝕，而鐵生銹只是其中的一個例子。

10.Pure science has been subdivided into physical science, which deals with the facts and relations of the physical world, and biological science, which investigates the history and makings of life on the planet.理論科學(xué)分為自然科學(xué)和生物科學(xué)，前者研究自然界各種事物和相互聯(lián)系，而后者則探討地球上生物的進化歷史和形成條件。

11.It has been noted with concern that the stock of books in the library has been declining alarmingly.Students are requested to remind themnselves of the rules of the borrowing and returning of books, and to bear in mind the needs of other students.Penalties for overdue books wikk in the future be strictly enforced.近來我們發(fā)現(xiàn)本館的圖書庫存正在急劇下降，此事令人關(guān)注?，F(xiàn)提醒大家注意借書還書規(guī)則，別忘了其他同學(xué)也需要借閱。今后將嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行借書規(guī)則，凡逾期不還者將照章處罰。

12.A current search of the files indicates that the letter is no longer in this bureau’s possession.It is noted that the letter was received two months ago,and after study,returned to your office.In view of the foregoing,it is regretted that your office has no record of its receipt.If the letter is found,it would be appreciated if this bureau was notified at noce.最近找到了卷宗，發(fā)現(xiàn)本局并無此信。根據(jù)記錄，該信于兩個月前收到，經(jīng)研讀已寄還貴處。照此看來，貴處似無收信的記錄，甚為遺憾。如能查明此信，請即通知本局，不勝感激。

Unit9 1.Whatever from is used by the majority of educated speakers or writers is correct;or as Sweet puts it, “Whatever is in general use in a language is, for that reason, grammatically, correct.”

大多數(shù)受過教育的人說話或?qū)懽鲿r使用的英語就是正確的英語，或如斯威特所說：“凡是語言中廣泛使用的說法（僅僅這一理由）都可以認(rèn)為在語法上是正確的。2.He boasts that a slave is free the moment his feet touch British soil and he sells the children of the poor at six years of age to work under the lash in the factories for sixteen hours a day.他吹噓說，任何奴隸一踏上英國的土地就獲得自由，而他卻出賣窮人家六歲的孩子到工廠干活，每天十六小時，受盡鞭打責(zé)罵。3.It is flattering to believe that they are too profound to be expressed so clearly that all who run may read, and very naturally it does not occur to such writers that the fault is with their own minds which have not the faculty of precise reflection 認(rèn)為自己的思想深奧，不可能表達得很清楚，讓任何人都能理解，這是一種虛榮的念頭。這樣的作家當(dāng)然不會想到，問題還是出在自己腦子缺乏精確思考的能力。

4.It is not that the scale in the one cases,and the balance in the other,differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working;but that the latter is a much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its measurement than the former.這并不是說，使用磅秤和使用天平這兩種情況在構(gòu)造原理或工作方式上存在什么差別，而是說與前者相比，后者是一種更精密得多的裝置，因而在計量上更準(zhǔn)確的多。5.There are several reasons why he no longer appears to be the magician the world press had made him out to be, an illusion which he failed to discourage because, as he would admit himself, he has a tendency toward megalomania.全世界報界曾經(jīng)把他渲染成魔術(shù)師一般的人物，他也沒有阻止人們制造這種錯誤印象，因為他自己也承認(rèn)有一種自大狂的傾向?，F(xiàn)在他也不再像是這樣一種人物了，這里有幾個原因。

6.….but since what used to seem to the great majority of civilized humanity the assurance of another life beyond the grave has come to seem to more and more people less certain,a feeling for the value of human life has become deeper and more widespread.但是對于絕大多數(shù)受過教育的人過去所深信的所謂人死后另有生命，現(xiàn)今這種觀念已經(jīng)為越來越多的人所懷疑，所以人們對生命的價值認(rèn)識越來越深刻，其范圍也越來越廣。7.He was puzzled that I did not want what was obviously a “step up” toward what all Americans are thought to want when they grow up: money and power.所有美國人受的教育是長大后應(yīng)該追求金錢和權(quán)力，而我卻偏偏不要明明是朝這個目標(biāo)“邁進”的工作，他為之大為解。

8.He poured into his writing all the pains of his life and the convicion it had brought to him that the world could be made a better place to live in if the exploited would rise up.他在作品里傾訴了自己一生的痛苦和這種痛苦給他帶來的一種信念，認(rèn)為如果受剝削的階級奮起反抗，世界就會變得更美好。

9.There has long been a superstition among mariners that porpoises will save drowning men by pushing them to the surface, or protect them from sharks by surrounding them in defensive formation.很久以來，海員中有一種迷信，認(rèn)為海豚會把快四的人推到水面把他們救起，或者在溺水人周圍形成防御隊形，保護他們不受鯊魚傷害。

10.Furthermore it is obvious that the strength of a country's economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.再者，顯而易見的是一個國家的經(jīng)濟實力與其工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率密切相關(guān)，而效率的提高則又有賴于各種科技人員。11.For example，they do not compensate for gross social inequality，and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.例如：測試并不彌補明顯的社會不公；因此，它們不能說明一個物質(zhì)條件差的年輕人，如果在較好的環(huán)境下成長的話，會有多大才干。

12.It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all.這種說法從一開始就將討論引向兩個極端，它使人們認(rèn)為應(yīng)這樣對待動物：要么像對待人類自身一樣關(guān)切體諒，要么完全冷漠無情。

Unit10 1.Americans have a great range of customs and habits that at first may seem puzzling to a visiter.美國人的許多風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣似乎令初來乍到的游客費解。2.They saw the first glimmerings of the “new economic order”for which many Third World countries have long been clamoring.他們看到了許多第三世界國家長期呼吁的“經(jīng)濟新秩序”的一線曙光。

3.Late 19 century saw all the unicersities in the United States adopt the credit system,which benefited students a great deal.19世紀(jì)末，美國所有大學(xué)已實行學(xué)分制，學(xué)生們從中受益匪淺。4.Each day we make choices that affect our lives and sometimes the lives of others.我們每天都要做出選擇，其選擇結(jié)果會影響自己的生活，有時也影響別人的生活。5.While at a mueum , one can frequently rent a small recording machine that will eplain the objects on display as you move through the museum.在博物館參觀的時候，常?？梢宰庥靡粋€小錄音機，一面參觀，一面聽有關(guān)展品的錄音解說。

6.The fire season takes care of the property that managed to survive the deluge.勉強躲過洪水劫難的財物，又在火災(zāi)多發(fā)期被吞噬了。

7.In countries where people remain in one town or city for most of their lives,the social customs are quite different.有些國家的人民幾乎終生未離開過某一鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)或城市，所以其社會風(fēng)俗大不相同。8.In fact,many Americans who could afford to hire a cook or driver do not employ them.其實，許多美國人都花得起錢請廚師，雇司機，但他們不那么做。9.Privite schools in the US have a wide range of programs that are offered to meet the needs of certain students.美國私立學(xué)校開設(shè)的課程很多，以滿足某些學(xué)生的各種需求。

10.Now the integrated circuit has reduced by many times the size of the computer of which it froms a part,thus creating a new generation of portable minicomputer.現(xiàn)在集成電路成了計算機的組成部分，使計算機的體積大大縮小，從而產(chǎn)生了新一代的袖珍式微型計算機。

11.A few stars are known which are hardly bigger than the earth, but the majority are so large that hundreds of thousands of earths could be packed inside each and leave room to spare;here and there we come upon a giant star large enough to contain millions of millions of earths.人們所知道的幾個恒星并不比地球大多少，但絕大多數(shù)恒星卻非常巨大，每個星球容納成千上萬個地球還綽綽有余。我們不時可見大得足以容納億萬個地球的巨星。12.There is nothing more disappointing to a hostess who has gone to a lot of trouble or expense than to have her guest so interested in talking politics or business with her husband that he fails to notice the flavor of the coffee, the lightness of the cake, or the attractiveness of the house, which may be the chief interest and pride.最令女主人失望的是，她花了許多心神和費用來招待客人，可是這位客人只顧津津樂道地與她丈夫談?wù)?，談生意，卻沒注意到香噴噴的咖啡，松軟的糕點，或房間內(nèi)講究的陳設(shè)，而這些卻可能是她最感興趣并最引以為榮的東西。

thUnit 11 1.When Zhou Enlai's door opened they saw a slender man of more than average height with gleaming eyes and a face so striking that it bordered on the beautiful.周恩來的房門打開了。他們看到了一位身材修長的人，比普通人略高，目光炯炯，面貌引人注目，稱得上英俊。

2.Inexpressible was the astonishment of the little party when they returned to find that Mr.Pickwick had disappeared.當(dāng)這一小伙人回來發(fā)現(xiàn)皮克威先生不見了的時候，那驚愕之態(tài)簡直無法形容。3.When I try to understand what is that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect, it seems to me that there are twp causes, of which one goes much deeper than the other.為什么如此多的美國人不能如想象中那樣幸福呢？我認(rèn)為原因有二，而兩者之間又有深淺之分。

4.The assertion that it was difficult,if not impossible,for a people to enjoy its basic rights unless it was able to determine freely its political status and to ensure freely its economic,social and cultural development was now scarcely contested.如果一個民族不能自由地決定其政治地位，不能自由地保證其經(jīng)濟、社會和文化的發(fā)展，要享受其基本權(quán)利，即使不是不可能，也是不容易的。這一論斷，在那時幾乎無可置疑。5.Aluminum remained unknown until the 19th century, because nowhere in nature is it found free, owing to its always being combined with elements, most commonly with oxygen, for which it has a strong affinity.因為在自然界的任何地方都找不到處于游離態(tài)的鋁，所以直到19世紀(jì)鋁才為人們所知。鋁總是喜歡和其他元素結(jié)合在一起，最常見的情況是和氧的結(jié)合，因為鋁對氧有很強的親和力。

6.Marjorie has been raised by a scheming aunt to find a millionaire dollars and marry it.So when at17, she felt in love with a poor medical student, the aunt promptly arranged to take her niece abroad.In the 90s that was still standard technique.馬喬里由老謀深算的姑母撫養(yǎng)長大。姑母總算想方設(shè)法要讓她嫁一個百萬富翁。因此，當(dāng)馬喬里十七歲那年愛上了一個學(xué)醫(yī)的窮學(xué)生時，姑母馬上就安排將侄女帶出國。雖說是九十年代了，但這仍不失為拆散愛侶的典型做法。

Unit12 1.There are swift flowing reivers,slow,sluggish rivers,mighty rivers with several mouths,rivers that carry vast loads of alluvium to the sea,clear,limpid rivers,rivers that at some seasons of the year have very much more water than at others,reivers that are made to generate vast quantities of electricity by their power,and rivers that carry great volumes of traffic.有的河水流湍急，有的河流速緩慢，有的大河出海口有好幾處，有的河帶著大量沖擊土入海，有的河清澈見底，有的河的水量在一年中的某些季節(jié)較少，而在某些季節(jié)里卻多得多，有的河可利用其動力大量發(fā)電，有的河承擔(dān)著大量的交通運輸。2.Is the claim of the G&C Merriam Company,propably the world’s greatest dictionary maker,that the preparation of the work cost $3.5 million,that it required the efforts of three hundred scholars over a period of twenty-seven years,working on the largest collection of citations ever assembled ini any language---is all this a fraud,a hoax?

G&C麥里姆公司大概是世界上最大的字典編纂者。它聲稱這項編纂工作耗資350萬美元，300多名學(xué)者為此辛勤工作長達27年，對搜集到的語言中最大量的詞語例證作了編輯加工。難道它聲稱的所有這些是為了欺騙和愚弄人民的嗎？

3.All Members, in order to ensure to all of them the rights and benefits resulting from membership, shall fulfill in good faith the obligations assumed by them in accordance with the present Charter.為了保證全體會員國擁有加入本組織后應(yīng)獲得的權(quán)益，所有會員國應(yīng)一秉誠意，履行依照本憲章所承擔(dān)之義務(wù)。

4.Americans who would be patriots must try to learn what it is that they have in common, what it is in the public that is worth cherishing and preserving;until they know that, their patriotism will have no more content than a bright, loud afternoon parade.美國人如果想要成為真正的愛國之士，就必須努力探求他們之間的共同之處，努力探求在這個國度里值得珍惜和恪守不渝的究竟是什么。如果他們做不到這一點，那么他們的所謂愛國主義充其量只是一場自我炫耀的午后大旅行。

5.Computer language may range from detailed low level close to that immediately understood by the particular computer,to the sophisticated high level which can be rendered automatically acceptable to a wide range of computers.計算機語言有低級的也有高級的。前者比較詳細(xì)，很接近于特定計算機直接能懂的語言；后者比較復(fù)雜，適應(yīng)范圍廣，能為多種計算機所自動接收。

第四篇：英漢詞匯互譯

英漢詞匯互譯的若干方法

(一)準(zhǔn)確理解詞義

1.根據(jù)上下文辨詞義。

2.論褒貶，即要注意同義詞之間有不同的語體色彩、使用范圍及程度。

任何語言都有語體之分，有高雅的、通俗的、粗野 的，還有俚語、公文用語及術(shù)語等。文學(xué)作品中，作家通過不同的語體來刻畫人物的性格特征，更是常用的方法。翻譯時，必須審其雅俗，量其輕重，這樣，才能恰如其分地表達原文的精神。

(1)詞義有輕重的不同

例如表示“打破”的詞

break是最一般的用語，意思是經(jīng)打擊或施加壓力而破碎。

crack是出現(xiàn)了裂縫，但還沒有變成碎片。

crush是從外面用力往內(nèi)或從上往下而壓碎。

demolish是破壞、鏟平或削平(如土堆、建筑物、城堡等)。

destroy是完全摧毀，使之無法復(fù)原。

shatter是突然使一物體粉碎。

smash舊指由于突如其來的一陣暴力帶一聲響而徹底粉碎。

又如表示“閃光”的詞

shine照耀；指光的穩(wěn)定發(fā)射。

glitter閃光；指光的不穩(wěn)定發(fā)射。

glare耀眼；表示光的最強度。

sparkle閃爍；指發(fā)射微細(xì)的光度。

(2)詞義有范圍大小和側(cè)重面的不同

在一定上下文中，在agriculture，farming，cultivation，agronomy四個詞中：griculture指農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)、農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)、整個農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)過程，所包含的范圍最廣。farming指農(nóng)業(yè)的實踐。cultivation指農(nóng)業(yè)物的栽培過程。agronomy指把科學(xué)原理運用到農(nóng)業(yè)耕作中去的實踐。

又如在empty，vacant，hollow這組同義詞中，它們各自有不同的形容對象和強調(diào)的內(nèi)容：

empty可以用來形容house，room，cup，box，stomach，head，words等詞，表示“空的，一無所有?！?/p>

vacant可以用來形容position，room，house，seat等詞表示“沒有人占用的，空缺的?！県ollow可以和tree，voice，sound，cheeks等詞連用，表示“空洞的，虛的，不實的，下陷的?！?/p>

(3)詞義有感情色彩(如憎惡、蔑視、諷刺、詛咒、尊敬、親昵等等)和語體色彩(如莊嚴(yán)、高雅、古樸、俚語、方言詞語、公文用語、委婉詞等等)的不同。如“死”就有許多委婉的說法：

to expire 逝世

to pass away 與世長辭

to close(end)one's day 壽終

to breathe one's last 斷氣

to go west 歸西天

to pay the debt of nature 了結(jié)塵緣

to depart to the world of shadows 命歸黃泉

to give up the ghost 見閻王

to kick the bucket蹬腿You can kick everything but you can not kick the bucket.to kick up one's heels 蹬腿

又如“懷孕”也有許多委婉的說法：

She is having a baby.She is expecting.She is in the family way.She is knitting little booties.She is in a delicate condition.She is in an interesting condition.又如“警察”：

policeman 正式用語

cop 美國口語

bobby 英國口語

nab 美國俚語

3.看搭配。任何一種語言，在長期使用的過程中，會形成一種固定的詞組或常見的搭配。這些比較固定的說法，有時可以譯成另一種語言，有時則不行。翻譯時，必須注意英漢兩種語言中詞的不同搭配。

以kill為例：

He killed the man.他殺死了那個人。

He killed his chances of success.他斷送了成功的機會。

He killed the motion when it came from the committe e.他否決了委員會提出來的動議。

He killed three bottles of whisky in a week.他一周內(nèi)喝光了三瓶威士忌。

kill the peace 扼殺和平

kill the promise 取消諾言

kill a marriage 解除婚約

還要注意英漢定語與名詞的搭配不同：

heavy crops 豐收

heavy news 令人悲痛的消息

heavy road 泥濘的路

heavy sea 波濤洶涌的海洋

heavy heart 憂傷的心

heavy reader 沉悶冗長的讀物

又如：

a broken man 一個絕望的人

a broken soldier 一個殘廢軍人

a broken promise 背棄的諾言

a broken spirit 消沉的意志

broken money 零錢

國際著名品牌趣譯

許多國際著名品牌源于很平凡的名字，譯為中文必須有巧思。

如果把營銷比喻成一場戰(zhàn)役，那么成功的品牌名稱就像一面不倒的軍旗。國際品牌在全球范圍內(nèi)營銷，必然要跨越種種文化障礙，如語言差異、消費習(xí)慣差異、宗教差異等。把品牌譯為中文必須有巧思。

由于西方國家的文化比較相似，所以某一個國家的品牌比較容易為其他國家所接受。中華文化與西方文化差異較大，因此，國外品牌要打入華人市場，必須慎重考慮命名問題。商品經(jīng)濟現(xiàn)象的復(fù)雜，使西方品牌名稱的翻譯超越了語言學(xué)概念，而上升到文化心理和市場重新定位層面。

麥當(dāng)勞：蘊含多層意義，比如麥當(dāng)勞，英文名稱是“McDonald’s”，它是店主人名字的所有格形成。西方人習(xí)慣以姓氏給公司命名，像愛迪生公司、華爾特·迪斯尼公司、福特公司。但是華人通常喜歡以喜慶、興隆、吉祥、新穎的詞匯給店鋪命名，如“百盛”、“天潤發(fā)”、“好來順”、“全聚德”、“喜來登”。McDonald是個小人物，他比不上愛迪生，人家是世界聞名的大科學(xué)家，也不如迪斯尼，因為迪斯尼成了“卡通世界”的代名詞，所以如果老老實實地把“McDonald’s”譯成“麥克唐納的店”，就過于平淡，而“麥當(dāng)勞”就非常成功：

一，大致保留了原發(fā)音；

二，體現(xiàn)了食品店的性質(zhì)；

三，蘊涵著“要吃麥就應(yīng)當(dāng)勞動”的教育意義；

四，風(fēng)格既“中”又“洋”，符合華人的口味。

可口可樂：絕妙之譯，眾所周知，“可口可樂”就是“CocaCola”，但是卻很少有人追問一句：那是什么意思？原來Coca和Cola是兩種植物的名字，音譯為古柯樹和可樂樹，古柯樹的葉子和可樂樹的籽是該飲品的原材料，古柯葉里面含有古柯堿，也叫可卡因（有時用做局總麻醉藥，尤其用于眼睛、鼻子或喉嚨，還因其興奮性和刺激性而廣泛用做毒品）。這樣枯燥乏味甚至有點可怕的名字居然被翻譯成“可口可樂”，真是CocaCola公司的化腐朽為神奇?！翱煽诳蓸贰弊g名的成功之處在于：

一，保留了原文押頭韻的響亮發(fā)音；

二，完全拋棄了原文的意思，而是從喝飲料的感受和好處上打攻心戰(zhàn)，手段高明；

三，這種飲品的味道并非人人喜歡，很多人甚至覺得它像中藥，但它卻自稱“可口”，而且喝了以后還讓人開心。善于進行自我表揚，討好大眾。

上述兩例是保留原品牌名稱發(fā)音，而改變原意的成功范例。其他如中國譯為“奔馳”，新馬譯為“馬賽地”的名牌汽車，原文“MercedesBenz”是該汽車公司老板愛女的名字，譯為“奔馳”是刪除了復(fù)雜的Mercedes，簡潔而響亮。

“Ikea”譯為“宜家”是高招，再如“Ikea”家具品牌，即便在瑞典也很少有人知道它的意思，是聰明的中譯者賦予它“宜家”這美好的含義。實際上，Ikea是該品牌的創(chuàng)始人IngvarKamprad和他的農(nóng)場名Elmtaryd及村莊名Agunnaryd的詞首字母組合。

有的品牌名稱只進行音譯，如“麥斯威爾”咖啡，僅僅是“Maxwell”的發(fā)音而已。由于它的訴求對象是白領(lǐng)階層，尤其是“外向型”白領(lǐng)，因此這個名字是成功的。但如果想讓廣大華人買賬，就不如“雀巢”。在雀巢咖啡剛進入中國大陸時，聽村里的農(nóng)民議論：“雀巢”咖啡就是“鳥窩”咖啡。即使沒文化的人也對它產(chǎn)生興趣，可見名稱的戲劇性效果非常有利于提高品牌的知名度。

名牌手機“諾基亞”，芬蘭文原名“Nokia”，是廠子所在小鎮(zhèn)的名字，很顯然，譯文比原文更富有高科技感，好像還有點“承諾亞洲”的味道。

“福士偉根”跟希特勒有關(guān)，有的品牌名稱只進行意譯。如“福士偉根”（中國稱“大眾汽車”），德文原名“Volkswagen”，Vokls的意思是人民大眾，Wagen是汽車。

關(guān)于“福士偉根”，還有一段鮮為人知的來歷：19世紀(jì)二三十年代，汽車非常昂貴，只屬于少數(shù)富人。希特勒上臺后，宣稱要為全體勞動大眾制造汽車，汽車的牌子就叫“Volkswagen”，他號召人們每月省下一些錢，建立“汽車存款”，若干年后家家有汽車。可是不久戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)，汽車廠忙著造戰(zhàn)爭機器去了。然而戰(zhàn)后大眾汽車的品牌名稱卻保留了下來。

還有一類是以簡稱進行跨國界統(tǒng)一傳播，比如慕尼黑的一家汽車廠，德文全稱是BayerischeMotorenWerke（拜耶里奇飛機引擎生產(chǎn)廠），簡稱為BMW，后來它不僅生產(chǎn)飛機發(fā)動機，還擴展到越野車、摩托單車、高級轎車?，F(xiàn)在沒有人關(guān)心BMW到底是什么意思，BMW三個字母圍繞的藍(lán)白徽標(biāo)，已成為成功和信譽的標(biāo)志。其中文名稱“寶馬”是多么浪漫、簡潔、貼切。

再如，Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company（明尼蘇達礦業(yè)及制造公司），就是我們熟知的3M公司。西方人對品牌名稱的要求比較單純：一，簡單易記；二不重復(fù)；三，在別國語言里不會產(chǎn)生誤解，對宗教信仰不要有侮辱性含義。為安全起見，有些廠家就干脆造一個新詞，如康柏公司“Compaq”（美國電腦生產(chǎn)商）來源于Compact（電腦術(shù)語，意思是密集的、壓緊的），把詞尾變成q，就構(gòu)成一個新詞，它很容易使人聯(lián)想到源詞，使公司的行業(yè)特征非常明顯。

感冒癥狀表達法

1.I've got a cold./ I've got a bad cold.我感冒了。/ 我感冒很嚴(yán)重。

2.I've got a runny nose./ My nose is running.我流鼻水。

3.I've got a sore throat.我喉嚨痛。

4.I've been coughing day and night.我早晚都在咳嗽。

5.I can't stop sneezing.我打噴嚏打個不停。

6.I've got a temperature./ I'm running a high fever.我發(fā)燒了。/ 我發(fā)高燒。

7.I've got a very bad headache./ This headache is killing me.我頭很痛。/我頭快痛死了。

8.I feel sore and ache all over.我覺得全身酸痛。

9.I feel like I'm dying.我覺得我好象要死了一樣。

10.I feel dizzy./ My head is swimming.我頭暈。/ 我頭昏腦脹的。

關(guān)于[緣]的表達

緣分 predestined relationship

緣 reason;cause;sake, relationship, edge;fringe, climb

血緣 blood relationship

人緣 relations with people

姻緣 predestined marriage

前世因緣 predestination

天賜良緣 a godsent marriage;a good marriage arranged in Heaven

天緣巧合 a luck coincidence

喜結(jié)良緣 tie the nuptial knot

締結(jié)姻緣 form marital tie

聊得投緣 talk congenially

有緣結(jié)識某人 be lucky to get acquainted with sb.無緣結(jié)識某人 have no opportunity to get acquainted with sb.

第五篇：英漢擬聲詞互譯.

英文擬聲詞與翻譯

試看譯例：

1.風(fēng)蕭蕭，雨蕭蕭，馬蕭蕭。

The wind whistled, the rain pattered and the horse neighed.2.Thunder began to rumble.雷聲開始隆隆地響。3.The cart rumbled past.車轱轆轱轆地過去了。

4.His stomach rumbled emptily.他肚子空空如也咕嚕咕嚕地叫。

5.噠噠噠噠噠！咚！咚！李先生突然抱著頭直跳起來，但隨即像一塊木頭似的倒下去。Rat-ta-ta-ta, boom!boom!Wrapping his arms around his head, Mr.Li leaped up, but immediately fell forward like a log.6.這個時候，長城線上，烽火連天，一輛囚車，卻囚著革命英雄，向南急馳。

At a time when the war was raging along the Great Wall, a Carriage, carrying this

revolutionary hero, went rumbling swiftly southwards.7.Though I speak with the tongues of men and of angels and have not charity, I am become a sounding brass, or a tinkling cymbal.我若能說萬人的方言，并天使的話語，卻沒有愛，我就成了鳴的鑼，鈸一般。

8.She drew one out.R-ratch!Now it sputtered and burned.她抽出一根或才，哧！啪！一下子燃著了。

有關(guān)擬聲詞的譯法：

一、同一個擬聲詞，如例1中的“蕭蕭”，在不同的上下文或結(jié)構(gòu)中，應(yīng)根據(jù)譯文的語言習(xí)慣或地道用法，選用不同的與原文意義對應(yīng)的詞或表達方式。

二、根據(jù)上一條，自然可以從另一面總結(jié)出第二種方法，即原文不同句中的幾個不同擬聲詞可以譯成同一個詞。如“隆隆地響”、“咕嚕咕嚕地叫”、“ 轱轆轱轆”均可譯成同一個英文擬聲詞 rumble, 其基本意思是 “make a deep, heavy, continuous sound”。

三、原文中有擬聲詞，譯文中也用擬聲詞相對應(yīng)。有的譯為獨詞句，有的譯為動詞或名詞的輔助成分。有時可以將英文的擬聲詞譯為漢語中較為抽象的“..........的叫，...........聲”，如he seemed to hear about him the rustle of unceasing and innumberable wings，耳際仿佛傳來無數(shù)翅膀的拍擊聲。

四、原文中沒用擬聲詞，但很生動，如例6中的“向南疾馳”，也可以譯成擬聲詞。增加擬聲詞可以增加效果，如The logs were burning briskly in the fire.木柴在火中嗶嗶剝剝燒的正旺。

五、與上一方法相對應(yīng)，原文中用了擬聲詞，譯文中可以不用擬聲詞，而是用其他能產(chǎn)生同樣效果的詞語，如例7。譯文也可以不用擬聲詞而直敘其動作，如They splashed through the mire to the village.他們一路踏著泥水向村子去。

關(guān)于動物叫聲的擬聲詞不管是在英語還是漢語中，都很具體，在互譯中要特別注意選準(zhǔn)具體詞語。英國人說“......動物怎么叫？”“What dose a XXX go?”現(xiàn)將最常用的具體詞語列舉如下：

A bee hums(buzzes, drones).蜜蜂嗡嗡（哼哼）的叫。

A fly hums(buzzes, drones).蒼蠅嗡嗡叫。

A mosquito hums(buzzes, drones).蚊子哼哼（嗡嗡）叫。

A bird twitters(chirps, chirrups).鳥叫（嘰嘰喳喳的叫）。

A sparrow twitters(chirps, chirrups).麻雀吱吱喳喳叫。

A cicada chirps(chirrups).知了啾啾叫。

A cricket chips(chirrups).蟋蟀唧唧叫。A crow caws(croaks).烏鴉哇哇叫。

A dove/ pigeon coos.鴿子咕咕叫。

A magpie chatters.喜鵲喳喳叫。

A nightingale jugs(jug-jugs).夜鶯歌唱。

An owl hoots(whoops).貓頭鷹叫。

A parrot squawks.鸚鵡叫。

A wild-goose honks.雁叫。

A crane whoops.（風(fēng)聲）鶴叫。

A bull bellows(lows).公牛哞哞叫。

A cow moos(lows).母牛哞哞叫。

A calf bleats.小牛哞哞叫。A goat bleats.山羊咩咩叫。

A lamb bleats(baas).小羊咩咩叫。A sheep bleats(baas).綿羊咩咩叫。A deer bleats.鹿叫。

A hen cackles(chucks, chuckles, clucks).母雞咯咯叫。A chick cheeps(pips, peeps).小雞唧唧叫。

A cock crows.公雞喔喔叫。

A duck quacks.鴨子呱呱叫。

A goose cackles(gaggles).鵝嘎嘎叫。

An elephant trumpets.大象叫。

A fox yelps.狐貍叫。

An ass brays(hee-haws).驢叫。

A horse neighs(whinnies, knickers).馬叫。

A lion roars.獅吼。

A tiger growls.虎嘯（吼，叫）。

A turkey gobbles.火雞（咯咯）叫。

A whale blows.鯨魚（撲撲）叫。

A wolf howls(growls).狼（嚎，號）叫。

A frog croaks.青蛙哇哇叫。

A monkey screeches(chatters, gibbers, jabbers).猴子叫（猿啼，猿嘯）。

A mouse squeaks(peeps).老鼠吱吱（唧唧）叫。

A snake hisses.蛇聲咝咝。

A cat miaows(miaus, mews, purrs).貓咪咪叫。

A dog barks(yaps, yelps, bays, snarls, growls, howls).狗汪汪叫（狂叫等）。

A pig grunts(squeals).豬咕嚕咕嚕（哼哼）叫。

其它一些擬聲詞：

1、金屬磕碰聲

當(dāng)啷

clank,clang

2、形容金屬的響聲 當(dāng)當(dāng) rattle

3、金屬、瓷器連續(xù)撞擊聲 丁零當(dāng)啷 jingle, jangle, cling-clang

4、鼓聲、敲門聲 咚咚 rub-a dub, rat-tat, rat-a-tat

5、脆響的（關(guān)門）聲 吧嗒 clik

6、敲打木頭聲 梆梆 rat-tat，rat-at

7、重物落下聲 咕咚 thud, splash, plump

8、東西傾倒聲 嘩啦 crash, clank

9、風(fēng)吹動樹枝葉聲 颯颯 sough, rustle

10、樹枝等折斷聲 嘎巴 crack, snap

11、不大的寒風(fēng)聲 瑟瑟 rustle

12、踩沙子、飛沙擊物或風(fēng)吹草木 沙沙、颯颯 rustle

13、飛機螺旋槳轉(zhuǎn)動 呼呼 whirr

14、雨點敲擊房頂 噼里啪啦 patter

15、水流動聲 拔拉 splash, gurgle

16、物體受壓 嘎吱 creak

喀嚓 crack, snap

17、溪水、泉水流動聲 潺潺 murmur, babble, purl

18、液體、沸騰、水流涌出或大口喝水聲 咕嘟 babble, gurgle

19、重物落地聲 撲通 flop, thump, splash, pit-a-pat 20、笑聲、水、氣擠出聲 撲哧 titter, snigger, fizz

21、雷聲、爆炸聲、機器聲 隆隆 hum, rumble, roll

22、汽笛或喇叭聲 嗚嗚 toot, hoot, zoom

23、油在鍋里 滋滋 sizzle

24、鞭炮爆炸聲 噼啪 pop

25、腳踏樓板聲 登登 clump