第一篇:集合名詞的用法特點
集合名詞的用法特點
1.family,team,audience 等,其用法特點為:若視為整體,表示單數(shù)意義;若考慮其個體成員,表示復數(shù)意義。This class has 40 pupils.This class are playing football now.2.cattle, people, police等,其用法特點為:只有單數(shù)形式,但卻表示復數(shù)意義,用作主語時謂語動詞復數(shù)形式;不a, an 連用但可與the連用。如:
People are beginning to talk about her.The police were after him.警察正在追捕他。
3.goods(貨物),clothes等,其用法特點為:只有復數(shù)形式(當然也表示復數(shù)意義,用作主語時謂語動詞用復數(shù)),但通常不能與數(shù)詞連用。
Such clothes are very expensive.The goods were stolen.4.bagge/luggage(行李),clothing(衣服),scenery(風景)等,其用法特點為:是不可數(shù)名詞,只用單數(shù)形式,不用不定冠詞,沒有復數(shù)形式,用作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如: Our clothing protect us from the cold.Is this all your baggage ?
5.hair(頭發(fā),毛發(fā))的用法特點:指全部頭發(fā)或毛發(fā)時,為集合名詞(不可數(shù));指幾根頭發(fā)或毛發(fā)時,為個體名詞(可數(shù))。My hair has grown every long.我的頭發(fā)已經(jīng)長得很長了。The police found two hairs there.6.fruit:作為集體名詞,它通常不可數(shù);但若表示種類時,則可作可數(shù)名詞。如:
He doesn’t eat much.他不大吃水果。
The potato is a vegetable ,not a fruit.土豆是一種蔬菜,而不是一種水果。
第二篇:英語集合名詞用法分類
英語集合名詞用法分類
第一類 形式為單數(shù),但意義可以用為單數(shù)或復數(shù)
family,team,class,audience,其用法特點為:若視為整體,表示單數(shù)意義;若考慮其個體成員,表示復數(shù)意義
His family is large.His family are all waiting for him.This class consists of 45 pupils.This class are reading English now.第二類 形式為單數(shù),但意義永遠為復數(shù)
cattle people,police, 其用法特點為:只有單數(shù)形式, 但卻表示復數(shù)意義,用作主語時謂語用復數(shù);不與 a(n)連用,但可與the連用(表示總括意義和特指)。
People will laugh at you.The police are looking for him.Many cattle were killed for this.注:表示牲畜的頭數(shù),用單位詞 head(單復數(shù)同形)。如:
five head of cattle 5頭牛,fifty(head of)cattle 50頭牛
第三類 形式為復數(shù),意義也為復數(shù)
goods, clothes,其用法特點是:只有復數(shù)形式,但通常不與數(shù)詞連用。
Clothes dry slowly in the rainy season.Such clothes are very expensive.If goods are not well made you should complain to the manufacturer.第四類 形式為單數(shù),意義也為單數(shù)
baggage / luggag, clothing, furniture, machinery, poetry, scenery jewelry, equipmen, 其用法特點為:是不可數(shù)名詞,只用單數(shù)形式,不用不定冠詞(當然更不能用數(shù)詞),沒有復數(shù)形式。
Our clothing protects us from [against] the cold.The thief stole all her jewelry.The hospital has no decent equipment.注:machinery, poetry, jewelry, scenery等相應的個體可數(shù)名詞是 machine, poem, jewel, scene等。如:
a poem / a piece of poetry 一首詩
many machines / much machinery / many pieces of machinery 許多機器
第五類 補充幾個??嫉募厦~
1.mankind 是一個不可數(shù)的集合名詞,不用復數(shù)形式,也不連用冠詞。如:
Mankind has its own problems.2.fruit作為集合名詞,它通常是不可數(shù)的。如:
He doesn’t eat much fruit.但是,當要表示種類時,它可視為可數(shù)名詞,即a fruit 指一種水果,fruits 指多種水果。比較:
Some fruits have thick skins.有些水果皮很厚。
The potato is a vegetable, not a fruit.土豆是一種蔬菜,而不是一種水果。
第三篇:集合名詞用法集名家最全整理
英語集合名詞用法說明
一、family類 形單,意義可單可復
family(家庭),team(隊),class(班),audience(聽眾)等集合名詞,其用法特點為:若視為整體,表示單數(shù)意義;若考慮其個體成員,表示復數(shù)意義。比較:
This class consists of 45 pupils.這個班由45個學生組成。
This class are reading English now.這個班的學生在讀英語。
二、baggage類 形單,意單
baggage / luggage(行李), clothing(衣服), furniture(家具), machinery ][m??i:n?ri](機器), poetry(詩)詩意,詩情[po?tri], scenery [sin?ri](風景), jewelry [d?u?lri](珠寶), equipment [ ?kw?pm?nt](設備),traffic交通,等, 其用法特點為:是不可數(shù)名詞,只用單數(shù)形式,不用不定冠詞(當然更不能用數(shù)詞),沒有復數(shù)形式:five people:traveler-baggage / luggage(行李), clothing(衣服)] poet [?po?t]: poetry(詩)詩意,詩情[po?tri], scenery [sin?ri](風景), manufacturer [m?nju?f?kt??r?]制造者:furniture(家具), machinery(機器)jewelry [d?u?lri](珠寶), equipment [ ?kw?pm?nt](設備)police: traffic交通
Our clothing protects us from [against] the cold.我們的衣服可以御寒。
Have you checked all your baggage? 你所有行李都托運了嗎?
【注】machinery, poetry, jewelry][d?u?l], scenery等相應的個體可數(shù)名詞是 machine, poem, jewel, scene等。如:a poem [p?uim] / a piece of poetry(一首詩),many machines / much machinery / many pieces of machinery(許多機器)。
三、police類 形單,意復
cattle(牛,牲畜),poultry[poltri]家禽,people(人),police(警察)等集合名詞,其用法特點為:只有單數(shù)形式, 但卻表示復數(shù)意義,用作主語時謂語用復數(shù);不與 a(n)連用,但可與the連用(表示總括意義和特指):
People will laugh at you.人們會笑你的。The police are looking for him.警察在找他。Many cattle were killed for this.就因為這個原因宰了不少牲畜。
【注】表示牲畜的頭數(shù),用單位詞 head(單復數(shù)同形):three head of cattle(3頭牛),twenty(head of)cattle(20頭牛)。
四、goods類 形復,意復
goods(貨物), clothes(衣服)trouses,shoes,glasses等,其用法特點是:只有復數(shù)形式(當然也表示復數(shù)意義,用作主語時謂語也用復數(shù)),但通常不與數(shù)詞連用:
Such clothes are very expensive.那樣的衣服很貴。
To whom do these goods belong? 這些貨是誰的?
五,news類 形復,意單
News,works工廠,physics物理,politices[pɑl?t?ks]政治,mathematics數(shù)學
五、hair的用法
hair(頭發(fā),毛發(fā))指全部頭發(fā)或毛發(fā)時,為集合名詞(不可數(shù));指幾根頭發(fā)或毛發(fā)時,為個體名詞(可數(shù)):
My hair has grown very long.我的頭發(fā)已長得很長了。
The police found two hairs there.警察在那兒找到了兩根頭發(fā)。
六、mankind的用法
mankind(人類)是一個不可數(shù)的集合名詞,不用復數(shù)形式,也不連用冠詞: This is an invention that benefits mankind.這是一項造福人類的發(fā)明。
Mankind has its own problems.人類有自己的問題。
【注】mankind 表示“人(類)”時,雖不可數(shù),但有時卻可以表示復數(shù)意義,尤其是當其表語是復數(shù)時:
Mankind are intelligent [in?telid??nt] animals.人是理智的動物。
七、fruit的用法
fruit(水果)作為集合名詞,它通常是不可數(shù)的: He doesn’t eat much fruit.他不大吃水果。He is growing fruit in the country.他在鄉(xiāng)下種水果。
但是,當要表示種類時,它可視為可數(shù)名詞,即a fruit 指一種水果,fruits 指多種水果。比較:
Some fruits have thick skins.有些水果皮很厚。The potato is a vegetable, not a fruit.土豆是一種蔬菜,而不是一種水果。
漢語謂語動詞因為沒有單復數(shù)之分,所以我國學生在學習英語的集合名詞時,常常為謂語動詞的單復數(shù)問題大傷腦筋。筆者結合自己的教學經(jīng)驗,查閱了大量資料,總結出幾條規(guī)律,以饗讀者。
一、某些有生命的集合名詞(表示人或者動物),本身有單/復數(shù)之分。其為單數(shù)時,若作主語,則謂語可用單數(shù)/復數(shù)。主要依據(jù)說話者強調(diào)的重點而定,若強調(diào)許多個體,謂語用復數(shù);若強調(diào)一個整體,則用單數(shù)。其為復數(shù)時,不言而喻,謂語必須用復數(shù)。注意:此類名詞單復數(shù)的意義并不完全相同,漢譯時一定要當心。如army(一國之軍隊),armies(多國部隊);couple(一對夫婦),couples(多對夫婦);等。常見的此類集合名詞有:army,association,audience,band,board,cast,clan,class,clique,club,college,committee,company,community,congregation(教民,會眾),council(市議會,理事會),couple,crew,crowd,enemy,family,firm,fleet,flock,folk,gang,government,group,jury,kingdom,mob(暴民,暴徒),navy,opposition,orchestra,pack,pair,party,personnel,profession,population,staff,school,team,tribe(部落,部民),union,university等。
1.The staff is/are hardworking.
2.The audience were moved to tears.
3.The lecturer draws large audiences.
4.The whole school was punished.
5.The class consists of 40 students.
6.This class are diligent.
7.The whole profession fight tooth andnail against it.
8.One tenth of the population of Egypt is/are Christian.
二、某些有生命的集合名詞,本身無復數(shù)形式,作主語時,謂語通常用復數(shù)。常見的此類集合名詞有:cattle,clergy,faculty(教職工),herd,mankind,military,militia(民團、民兵),people,police,poultry(家禽),swine(豬),vermin,womankind等。
9.There are three people waving at us.
10.The police haven't arrived yet.
11.There are verm in here.
12.Some people are never satisfied.
13.The police/military have surrounded the building.
【注】people作民族講時有復數(shù)形式。如: There are 56 peoples in China.
三、某些有生命的集合名詞,本身無復數(shù)形式,其后可跟單/復數(shù)謂語動詞。常見的此類集合名詞有:aristocracy,bourgeoisie(資產(chǎn)階級),church,elite(精英),gentry,intelligentsia(知識分子),laity(外行),livestock,majority,minority,proletariat(無產(chǎn)階級),offspring,public,swarm,youth等。
14.The youth today is /are better off than we used to be.
15.Her offspring is /are like her in every respect.
16.The intelligentsia are hailing Ranson as their spokesman.
【注】youth除了作集合名詞以外,還可以作可數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞。如:
Youth is the tim e for action;age is the tim e for repose.
Som e youths don't like jazz.
四、某些表示國家、公司、機構、運動隊等名稱的專有名詞也可當作集合名詞使用,其后通常跟單/復數(shù)謂語動詞。常見的此類集合名詞有:Arsenal,BBC,Congress,Krem lin,Liverpool,Macm illan,Netherlands,Parliament,Pentagon,Vatican(梵蒂岡),White House等。
17.Arsenal is /are playing well in this season.
18.Macmillan have /has made a good profit this year.
19.The Seventy-First Congress was predominantly Republican.
20.The Netherlands has /have a monarchy.
21.The BBC is showing the program on Saturday.
22.Liverpool is leading 1—0.
23.Liverpool are attacking again.
五、某些無生命的集合名詞(表示物)作主語時,通常被看成不可數(shù)名詞,謂語用單數(shù)。常見的此類集合名詞有:aircraft,baggage,clothing,crockery,cutlery(刀剪,餐具),equipment,foliage(樹葉),footwear,furniture,glassware,hardware,hosiery,jewellery,luggage,machinery,merchandize,poetry,pottery,silverware,stationery,underclothing,underwear,vegetation,weaponry等。
24.All the furniture in my room is new.
25.The merchandize has arrived undamaged.
26.There is not much vegetation in deserts.
27.The equipment for the factory hasbeen shipped.
28.Warm clothing is necessary in cold climates.
29.The machinery is driven by electrici-ty.
【過關演練】用括號內(nèi)動詞的適當形式填空。
1.The staff __________(have)gone for their lunch.
2.The crews of several ships __________(be)in port.
3.The present government,which hasn't been in power long,__________(be)trying to control inflation.It isn't having much success.
4.The government,who __________(be)looking for a quick victory,are calling for a general election soon.
5.The jury __________(be)divided in opinion.
6.The committee __________(have)held its first m eeting.
7.Almost every family in this village __________(have)a man in the army.
8.The whole family __________(be)in tears.
9.The poultry __________(be)being fed.
10.The Kremlin __________(have)refused to accept the plan proposed by America.
答案:
1.have 2.were 3.is 4.a(chǎn)re 5.were 6.has 7.has 8.a(chǎn)re 9.a(chǎn)re /were 10.has /have
第四篇:集合名詞
常見集合名詞
第一類 形單可單復 family(家庭),team(隊),class(班),audience(聽眾)
形式為單數(shù),但意義可以用為單數(shù)或復數(shù),包括family(家庭),team(隊),class(班),audience(聽眾)等,用法特點:若視為整體,表示單數(shù)意義;若考慮其個體成員,表示復數(shù)意義。His family is large.他的家是個大家庭。
His family are all waiting for him.他的一家人都在等他。
This class consists of 45 pupils.這個班由45個學生組成。
This class are reading English now.這個班的學生在讀英語。
第二類 形單意義復cattle(牛,牲畜),people(人),police(警察),sheep(羊)
用法特點為:只有單數(shù)形式, 但卻表示復數(shù)意義,用作主語時謂語用復數(shù);不與 a(n)連用,但可與the連用(表示總括意義和特指)。如:
People will laugh at you.人們會笑你的。
The police are looking for him.警察在找他。
Many cattle were killed for this.就因為這個原因宰了不少牲畜。
注:表示牲畜的頭數(shù),用單位詞 head(單復數(shù)同形)。如:
five head of cattle 5頭牛,fifty(head of)cattle 50頭牛
第三類 形復意義復goods(貨物), clothes(衣服
用法特點:只有復數(shù)形式(當然也表示復數(shù)意義,用作主語時謂語也用復數(shù)),但通常不與數(shù)詞連用。如:
Clothes dry slowly in the rainy season.衣服在雨季不易干。
Such clothes are very expensive.那樣的衣服很貴。
If goods are not well made you should complain to the manufacturer.如果貨物質(zhì)量不好,則理應向制造商提出控訴。
第四類 形單意義單 baggage / luggage(行李), clothing(衣服), furniture(家具), machinery(機器), poetry(詩), scenery(風景), jewelry(珠寶), equipment(設備)用法特點:是不可數(shù)名詞,只用單數(shù)形式,不用不定冠詞(當然更不能用數(shù)詞),沒有復數(shù)形式。如:
Our clothing protects us from [against] the cold.我們的衣服可以御寒。
Have you checked all your baggage? 你所有的行李都托運了嗎? The thief stole all her jewelry.小偷把她所有的首飾都偷走了。
The hospital has no decent equipment.這家醫(yī)院沒有像樣的設備。
The Tang Dynasty is thought of as the high summer of Chinese poetry.人們認為唐朝是中國詩歌的全盛時期。
注:machinery, poetry, jewelry, scenery等相應的個體可數(shù)名詞是 machine, poem, jewel, scene等。如:
a poem / a piece of poetry 一首詩
many machines / much machinery / many pieces of machinery 許多機器
第五類 hair 和fruit 1.hair(頭發(fā),毛發(fā))
指全部頭發(fā)或毛發(fā)時,為集合名詞(不可數(shù));指幾根頭發(fā)或毛發(fā)時,為個體名詞(可數(shù))。如:
My hair has grown very long.我的頭發(fā)已長得很長了。The police found two hairs there.警察在那兒找到了兩根頭發(fā)。
2.fruit(水果)
作為集合名詞,它通常是不可數(shù)的。如:
He doesn’t eat much fruit.他不大吃水果。
He is growing fruit in the country.他在鄉(xiāng)下種水果。
但是,當要表示種類時,可視為可數(shù)名詞,即a fruit 指一種水果,fruits 指多種水果。比較:
Some fruits have thick skins.有些水果皮很厚。
The potato is a vegetable, not a fruit.土豆是一種蔬菜,而不是一種水果。
二.閱讀理解主要考查形式主要有四大類:
1.細節(jié)理解題。即要求考生對閱讀材料中的某一具體事實和細節(jié)進行理解。這一題型常見的命題方式有:事實認定題、排序題、圖形辨認題、數(shù)字運算題等。
“帶著問題找答案”.先從問題中抓住關鍵性詞語。然后以此為線索。運用掃讀法(scanning),還可兼用排除法
干擾項特點:(1)是原文信息,但不是題目要求的內(nèi)容;(2)符合常識,但不是文章內(nèi)容;(3)與原文的內(nèi)容極其相似,只是在程度上有些變動;(4)在意思上與原文大相徑庭甚至完全相反;(5)部分正確,部分錯誤。
2.推理判斷題。這類題主要考查學生根據(jù)文章的字面意思,通過語篇邏輯關系,研究細節(jié)的暗示,推敲作者的態(tài)度,理解文章的寓意等。推理判斷題屬于主觀性較強的高層次閱讀理解題。
意思要靠推斷得出,而不是原文照搬。忠實于原文,以文章提供的事實和線索為依據(jù)
對文字的表面信息進行挖掘加工,由表及里,由淺入深,從具體到抽象,從特殊到一般,通過分析、綜合、判斷等,進行深層處理,合乎邏輯地推理。不能斷章取義,以偏概全。
了解語篇的結構,同時還要體會文章的基調(diào),揣摩作者的態(tài)度,摸準邏輯發(fā)展方向,悟出作者的言外之意。
3.主旨大意題。該類題主要考察學生對所讀材料中心思想的概括。其考察形式有很多,如概括標題、主題、中心思想等。
主題句在文章中的位置通常有三種情況:開頭、中間、結尾(含在開頭結尾同時出現(xiàn)、首尾呼應的主題句)。
首先,要考慮標題對文章的概括性或覆蓋面。一般要求能覆蓋全文內(nèi)容,體現(xiàn)文章主旨。要避免下列三種情況:①概括不夠(多表現(xiàn)為部分代整體,從而導致范圍太?。虎谶^度概括(多表現(xiàn)為脫離本文章內(nèi)容的發(fā)揮);③以事實、細節(jié)替代抽象具體的大意)其次,要考慮標題的針對性,即標題范圍要恰當,針對性強。
注意:一般說來,擬定標題是以話題為核心,與控制性概念的詞按一定的語法濃縮為概括主題句或中心思想的詞組。注意標題的醒目性,標題的選擇要簡潔、突出、新穎 4.詞義猜測題。即要求考生根據(jù)一定的上下文猜測生詞的詞義。A.構詞法猜詞
如:unforeseeable.這個詞,可以根據(jù)構詞法把它拆成un, fore, see , able;其中 see 是詞根,fore是“先,前,預”的含義,un是否定,able是“能??的,可??的”,因此unforeseeable是“未能預見到的”意思。B.利用同義近義詞猜詞
在詞或短語之間有并列連詞and或or,這些詞語或短語在句中作相同的成分,并且and或or連接的兩項內(nèi)容在含義上是接近的或遞進的,由此確定同等關系中的某個生詞所屬的義域,甚至推出它的大致詞義。C.利用反義詞猜詞
根據(jù)反義或對比關系可從已知推出未知。利用反義詞來說明生詞的意義,如反義詞hot and cold, perfect and imperfect,甚至前、后句為肯定與否定或是與不是等,在句內(nèi)詞與詞之間,在段內(nèi)句與句之間的關系上起著互為線索的作用。D.利用上下文語境猜詞
任何一篇文章中的句子在內(nèi)容上都不是絕對孤立的,都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有關。利用上下文提供的情景和線索,進行合乎邏輯的綜合分析進而推測詞義,是閱讀過程中的一大關鍵,這也是近年來高考考查的熱點。E.利用定義和解釋猜詞
科技文章,通常會對一些關鍵詞給予定義,我們可以利用定義來猜測這些詞的意思。釋義法就是根據(jù)文章中的字里行間,對生詞以定語(從句)、表語甚至用逗號、破折號等標點符號引出并加以解釋說明的方式。F.利用例證猜詞
為了說明或證實,文章中經(jīng)常會舉例,往往用來列舉說明前面較難理解的詞,這些例子可幫助我們猜測生詞。舉例時,常常會用一些連接性的詞,如:such as, like, for example, for instance等。
第五篇:集合名詞
1.family(家庭),team(隊),class(班),audience(聽眾)等
其用法特點為:若視為整體,表示單數(shù)意義;若考慮其個體成員,表示復數(shù)意義。比較:
This class consists of 45 pupils.這個班由45個學生組成。
This class are studying English now.這個班的學生在學習英語。
2.cattle(牛,牲畜),people(人),police(警察)等
其用法特點為:只有單數(shù)形式, 但卻表示復數(shù)意義,用作主語時謂語用復數(shù);不與 a(n)連用,但可與the連用(表示總括意義和特指)。如:
People will laugh at you.人們會笑你的。
The police are looking for him.警察在找他。
For these many cattle were killed.就因為這個原因宰了不少牲畜。
注:表示牲畜的頭數(shù),用單位詞 head(單復數(shù)同形)。如:three head of cattle 3頭牛,twenty(head of)cattle 20頭牛。
3.goods(貨物), clothes(衣服)等
其用法特點是:只有復數(shù)形式(當然也表示復數(shù)意義,用作主語時謂語也用復數(shù)),但通常不與數(shù)詞連用。如:
Such clothes are very expensive.那樣的衣服很貴。
To whom do these goods belong? 這些書是誰的?
4.baggage / luggage(行李), clothing(衣服), furniture(家具), machinery(機器), poetry(詩), scenery(風景), jewelry(珠寶),equipment(設備)等
其用法特點為:是不可數(shù)名詞,只用單數(shù)形式,不用不定冠詞(當然更不能用數(shù)詞),沒有復數(shù)形式。如:
Our clothing protects us from [against] the cold.我們的衣服可以御寒。
Have you checked all your baggage? 你所有行李都托運了嗎?
特別提醒:machinery, poetry, jewelry, scenery 相應的個體可數(shù)名詞是 machine, poem, jewel, scene。如:a poem / a piece of poetry 一首詩,many machines / much machinery / many pieces of machinery 許多機器。
5.hair(頭發(fā),毛發(fā))
指全部頭發(fā)或毛發(fā)時,為集合名詞(不可數(shù));指幾根頭發(fā)或毛發(fā)時,為個體名詞(可數(shù))。如:
My hair has grown very long.我的頭發(fā)已長得很長了。(D21)
The police found two hairs there.警察在那兒找到了兩根頭發(fā)。(D23)
6.mankind(人類)
是一個不可數(shù)的集合名詞,不用復數(shù)形式,也不連用冠詞。如:
This is an invention that benefits mankind.這是一項造福人類的發(fā)明。
Mankind has its own problems.人類有自己的問題。
特別提醒:mankind 表示“人(類)”時,雖不可數(shù),但有時卻可以表示復數(shù)意義,尤其是當其表語是復數(shù)時。如:Mankind are intelligent animals.人是理智的動物。
7.fruit(水果)
作為集合名詞,它通常是不可數(shù)的。如:
He doesn’t not eat much fruit.他不大吃水果。
He is growing fruit in the country.他在農(nóng)村種水果。
但是,當要表示種類時,它可視為可數(shù)名詞,即a fruit 指一種水果,fruits 指多種水果。體會:
Some fruits have thick skins.有些水果皮很厚。
The potato is a vegetable, not a fruit.土豆是一種蔬菜,而不是一種水果。