第一篇：《國(guó)際貿(mào)易實(shí)務(wù)》習(xí)題集附答案精簡(jiǎn)最終版

《國(guó)際貿(mào)易實(shí)務(wù)》習(xí)題集

第一模塊 貨物的品質(zhì)

一、不定項(xiàng)選擇題

1、賣方根據(jù)買方來樣復(fù)制樣品，寄送買方并經(jīng)其確認(rèn)的樣品，被稱為（BDE）。A、復(fù)樣

B、回樣

C、原樣

D、確認(rèn)樣

E、對(duì)等樣品

2、在國(guó)際貿(mào)易中，造型上有特殊要求或具有色香味方面特征的商品適合于（A）A、憑樣品買賣

B、憑規(guī)格買賣

C、憑等級(jí)買賣 D、憑產(chǎn)地名稱買賣

3、若合同規(guī)定由品質(zhì)公差條款，則在公差范圍內(nèi)，賣方（A）A、不得拒收貨物 B、可以拒收貨物 C、可以要求調(diào)整價(jià)格 D、可以拒收貨物也可以要求調(diào)整價(jià)格

4、大路貨是指（D）

A、適于商銷

B、上好可銷品質(zhì) C、質(zhì)量劣等

D、良好平均品質(zhì)

5、賣方交貨是因采用GMQ標(biāo)準(zhǔn)而發(fā)生爭(zhēng)議，通常的解決方式是（C）A、根據(jù)買方所在國(guó)法律解決 B、根據(jù)賣方所在國(guó)法律解決 C、同業(yè)公會(huì)一仲裁的方式解決 D、國(guó)際法庭解決

6、目前我國(guó)出口的某些工藝品、服裝、輕工業(yè)品等常用來表示品質(zhì)的方法是（A）A、憑樣品買賣

B、憑規(guī)格買賣

C、憑等級(jí)買賣

D、憑產(chǎn)地名稱買賣

10、憑樣品買賣時(shí)，如果合同中無其他規(guī)定，那么賣方所交貨物（B）A、可以與樣品大致相同

B、必須與樣品完全一致

C、允許有合理公差

D、允許在包裝規(guī)格上有一定幅度的差異

二、判斷題

1、在出口貿(mào)易中，表達(dá)品質(zhì)的方法多種多樣，為了明確責(zé)任，最好采用既憑樣品又憑規(guī)格買賣的方法。N2、在出口憑樣品成交業(yè)務(wù)中，為了爭(zhēng)取國(guó)外客戶，便于達(dá)成交易，出口企業(yè)應(yīng)盡量選擇質(zhì)量最好的樣品請(qǐng)對(duì)方確認(rèn)并簽訂合同。

N3、在約定的品質(zhì)機(jī)動(dòng)幅度或品質(zhì)公差范圍內(nèi)的品質(zhì)差異，除非另有規(guī)定，一般不另行增減價(jià)格。

Y

第二模塊 貨物的數(shù)量

一、不定項(xiàng)選擇題

1、“以毛作凈”實(shí)際上就是（B）。A、以凈重作為毛重作為計(jì)價(jià)的基礎(chǔ) B、按毛重計(jì)算重量作為計(jì)價(jià)的基礎(chǔ) C、按理論重量作為計(jì)價(jià)的基礎(chǔ) D、按法定重量作為計(jì)價(jià)的基礎(chǔ)

2、我國(guó)目前使用最多的計(jì)量方法（B）。A、按數(shù)量計(jì)算

B、按重量計(jì)算 C、按長(zhǎng)度計(jì)算

D、按體積計(jì)算

3、國(guó)際貿(mào)易中大宗農(nóng)副產(chǎn)品、礦產(chǎn)品及部分工業(yè)制成品習(xí)慣計(jì)量方法（C）。A、按面積計(jì)算

B、按長(zhǎng)度計(jì)算 C、按重量計(jì)算

D、按容積計(jì)算

4、在國(guó)際貿(mào)易中，木材、天然氣和化學(xué)氣體習(xí)慣的計(jì)量單位（C）。A、按重量計(jì)算

B、按面積計(jì)算 C、按體積計(jì)算

D、按容積計(jì)算

5、在國(guó)際貿(mào)易中，酒類、汽油等液體商品習(xí)慣的計(jì)量單位（D）。A、按重量計(jì)算

B、按面積計(jì)算 C、按體積計(jì)算

D、按容積計(jì)算

6、在國(guó)際貿(mào)易中，一些貴重金屬如黃金、白銀的習(xí)慣的計(jì)量單位（B）。A、克拉

B、盎司

C、長(zhǎng)噸

D、公擔(dān)

7、在國(guó)際貿(mào)易中最常見的計(jì)重方法是（A）。

A、凈重

B、毛重

C、公量

D、法定重量

8、根據(jù)《跟單信用證統(tǒng)一慣例》規(guī)定，合同中使用“大約”、“近似”等約量字眼，可解釋為交貨數(shù)量的增減幅度為（B）。A、不超過5%

B、不超過10%

C、不超過15%

D、由賣方自行決定

9、采用FOB術(shù)語成交，數(shù)量的機(jī)動(dòng)幅度一般由（A）。A、買方和船方共同協(xié)商與以確定 B、賣方和船方共同協(xié)商與以確定 C、賣方單獨(dú)確定 D、船方單獨(dú)確定

10、采用CIF和CFR術(shù)語成交，數(shù)量的機(jī)動(dòng)幅度一般由（B）。A、買方和船方共同協(xié)商予以確定 B、賣方和船方共同協(xié)商予以確定 C、賣方單獨(dú)確定 D、船方單獨(dú)確定

11、在國(guó)際貿(mào)易中通常采用的度量衡制度有（ABCD）。A、英制

B、美制

C、國(guó)際單位制

D、公制

12、溢短裝數(shù)量的計(jì)價(jià)方法包括（ABC）A、按合同價(jià)格結(jié)算 B、按裝船日的行市計(jì)算

C、按貨物到目的地時(shí)的世界市場(chǎng)價(jià)格計(jì)算 D、由仲裁機(jī)構(gòu)解決 E、由賣方自行決定

二、判斷題

1、某外商來電要我方提供大豆，按含油量18%、含水量14%，不完整粒7%，雜質(zhì)1%的規(guī)格訂立合同。對(duì)此，在一般條件下，我方可以接受。N2、中國(guó)A公司向《公約》締約國(guó)B公司出口大米，合同規(guī)定數(shù)量為50000公噸，允許賣方可溢短裝10%。A公司在裝船時(shí)共裝了58000公噸，遭到賣方拒收。按公約的規(guī)定。買方有權(quán)這樣做。

N

第三模塊 貨物的包裝

一．不定項(xiàng)選擇題

1．按照國(guó)際慣例，如果合同中沒有相關(guān)規(guī)定，則運(yùn)輸標(biāo)志一般由(B)提供。

A．開證行 B．賣方

C．買方 D．船方

2．定牌中性包裝是指(A)。

A．在商品本身及其包裝上使用買方指定的商標(biāo)／牌號(hào)，但不表明產(chǎn)地

B．在商品本身及其包裝上使用買方指定的商標(biāo)／牌號(hào)，也表明產(chǎn)地

C．在商品本身及其包裝上不使用買方指定的商標(biāo)／牌號(hào)，也不表明產(chǎn)地

D．在商品本身及其包裝上不使用買方指定的商標(biāo)／牌號(hào)，但表明產(chǎn)地

3.運(yùn)輸標(biāo)志的作用是(ABCD)。

A．便于識(shí)別貨物

B．方便運(yùn)輸

C.易于計(jì)數(shù) D.防止錯(cuò)發(fā)錯(cuò)運(yùn)

E．促進(jìn)銷售

4．運(yùn)輸包裝從方式上看，可以分為(BC)。

A．混雜包裝 B.單件包裝

C.集合運(yùn)輸包裝

D.中性包裝

E．標(biāo)牌包裝

5．按國(guó)際慣例，包裝費(fèi)用(C)。

A．不應(yīng)包括在貨物價(jià)格之內(nèi)，并在合同中列示 B．應(yīng)包括在貨物價(jià)格之內(nèi)，但必須在合同中另外列示 C．包括在貨物價(jià)格之內(nèi)，一般不在合同中另外列示 D．不應(yīng)包括在貨物價(jià)格之內(nèi)，也不必在合同中列示 6．運(yùn)輸包裝和銷售包裝的分類，是按(D)。

A．包裝的目的來劃分的B．包裝的形式來劃分的

C．包裝所使用的材料來劃分的 D．包裝在流通過程中的作用來劃分的

7、包裝標(biāo)志按其用途，可分為(ABC)。

A．運(yùn)輸標(biāo)志 B.指示性標(biāo)志

C.警告性標(biāo)志 D.識(shí)別標(biāo)志

E．條形碼標(biāo)志

8、條碼標(biāo)志主要用于商品的(A)上。

A．銷售包裝 B．運(yùn)輸包裝

C銷售包裝和運(yùn)輸包裝 D．任何包裝 9． 國(guó)際貨物買賣合同中的包裝條款，主要包括(ABCD)。

A．包裝材料 B.包裝方式

C.包裝費(fèi)用 D.運(yùn)輸標(biāo)志 10．集合運(yùn)輸包裝可以分為(ABCD)。

A．集裝袋

B.集裝包

C集裝箱 D.托盤

E．桶裝

二．判斷題

1．運(yùn)輸包裝上的標(biāo)志就是指運(yùn)輸標(biāo)志，也就是通常所說的嘜頭。

（N）

2．包裝費(fèi)用通常在單價(jià)以外另行計(jì)價(jià)。

(N)3．以下包裝條款是正確的：木箱裝，然后裝托盤。

(N)4．國(guó)際上通用的條形碼有兩類：UPC和EAN。UPC碼是目前國(guó)際公認(rèn)的物品編碼標(biāo)識(shí)系統(tǒng)。

(N)5．包裝由賣方?jīng)Q定，買方不得要求使用特殊包裝。

(N)6．運(yùn)輸標(biāo)志、指示性標(biāo)志和警告性標(biāo)志都是刷在商品的外包裝上的。(Y)7．對(duì)于警告性標(biāo)志，各國(guó)一般都有統(tǒng)一規(guī)定。但我國(guó)出口危險(xiǎn)品貨物除印刷我國(guó)的危險(xiǎn)品標(biāo)志外，還應(yīng)標(biāo)明國(guó)際上規(guī)定的危險(xiǎn)品標(biāo)志。

(Y)

8．進(jìn)出口商品包裝上的包裝標(biāo)志，都要在運(yùn)輸單據(jù)上表明。

（Y）

9．采用定牌出口商品時(shí)，除非買賣雙方另有規(guī)定，一般都應(yīng)在商品包裝上注明“中國(guó)制造”字樣。

(Y)

10．指示性標(biāo)志用圖形或文字表示。

（Y）

第五模塊 貿(mào)易術(shù)語和出口價(jià)格核算

一．不定項(xiàng)選擇題

1．貿(mào)易術(shù)語在國(guó)際貿(mào)易中的主要作用是(ABCD)。A．簡(jiǎn)化交易手續(xù) B．明確交易雙方責(zé)任 C.縮短磋商時(shí)間 D．節(jié)省費(fèi)用開支

2．按照《2010年通則》的解釋，采用FOB條件成交，買賣雙方風(fēng)險(xiǎn)劃分的界限是(D)。

A．運(yùn)輸工具上 B．裝運(yùn)港船邊

C．裝運(yùn)港船舷 D．裝運(yùn)港船上

3．根據(jù)《2010年通則》的解釋，按CFR術(shù)語成交，賣方無義務(wù)(C)。A．提交貨運(yùn)單據(jù) B．租船訂艙 C．辦理貨運(yùn)保險(xiǎn) D．取得出口許可證

4．按照《2010年通則》的解釋，采用CIF條件成交時(shí)，貨物裝船時(shí)從吊鉤脫落掉人海里造成的損失由(A)。A．賣方負(fù)擔(dān) B．買方負(fù)擔(dān) C.承運(yùn)人負(fù)擔(dān) D.買賣雙方共同負(fù)擔(dān)

5．按照《2010年通則》的解釋，CIF與CFR的主要區(qū)別在于(B)。A.辦理租船訂艙的責(zé)任方不同 B．辦理貨運(yùn)保險(xiǎn)的責(zé)任方不同 C.風(fēng)險(xiǎn)劃分的界限不同

D．辦理出口手續(xù)的責(zé)任方不同

6．我國(guó)出口公司向德國(guó)出口核桃3000公噸，一般應(yīng)采用(D)貿(mào)易術(shù)語為好。A．FOB漢堡 B．FOB青島 C．FOB北京機(jī)場(chǎng) D．CIF漢堡

7．在實(shí)際業(yè)務(wù)中，F(xiàn)OB條件下，買方常委托賣方代為租船、訂艙，其費(fèi)用由買方負(fù)擔(dān)。如到期訂不到艙，租不到船，(A)。A．賣方不承擔(dān)責(zé)任，其風(fēng)險(xiǎn)由買方承擔(dān) B．賣方承擔(dān)責(zé)任，其風(fēng)險(xiǎn)也由賣方承擔(dān) C． 買賣雙方共同承擔(dān)責(zé)任、風(fēng)險(xiǎn) D．雙方均不承擔(dān)責(zé)任，合同停止履行

8．根據(jù)《2010年通則》的解釋，F(xiàn)OB條件和CFR條件下賣方均應(yīng)負(fù)擔(dān)(ACD)。A．提交商業(yè)發(fā)票及海運(yùn)提單

B．租船訂艙并支付運(yùn)費(fèi) C.貨物于裝運(yùn)港越過船舷以前的一切風(fēng)險(xiǎn) D．辦理出口通關(guān)手續(xù)

9．按照《2010年通則》的解釋，F(xiàn)OB、CFR與CIF的共同之處表現(xiàn)在(ABD)。A．均適合水上運(yùn)輸方式

B．風(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移均為裝運(yùn)港船舷 C．買賣雙方責(zé)任劃分基本相同

D．交貨地點(diǎn)均為裝運(yùn)港 10．價(jià)格條款的正確寫法是(D)。

A．每件3．50元CIF香港 B．每件3．50美元CIF C．每件3．50元CIFC倫敦

D．每件3．50美元CIF C 2％倫敦

二．判斷題

1．如果買賣雙方在合同中作出與國(guó)際慣例完全相反的約定，只要這些約定是合法的，將得到有關(guān)國(guó)家法律的承認(rèn)和保護(hù)，并不因與慣例相抵觸而失效。(Y)2．FOB價(jià)格條件按各國(guó)慣例的解釋都是由賣方負(fù)責(zé)申請(qǐng)領(lǐng)取出口許可證和支付出口稅。（N）

3．以下的價(jià)格表示法是否正確：DM75．00CIF Hamburg。

(N)4．按FOB、CFR、CIF三種貿(mào)易術(shù)語成交，貨物在裝運(yùn)港裝上船以后，風(fēng)險(xiǎn)即告轉(zhuǎn)移。因此，當(dāng)貨物到達(dá)目的港后，買方如果發(fā)現(xiàn)到貨品質(zhì)、數(shù)量和／或包裝有任何與合同規(guī)定不符的情況，賣方就不負(fù)責(zé)任。

(N)5．在FOB條件下，賣方可以接受買方委托，代理租船訂艙手續(xù)。(Y)6．使用固定價(jià)格，在合同中明確規(guī)定之后，均按合同確定的價(jià)格結(jié)算貨款，任何一方不得擅自變更原價(jià)格。

(Y)

7、凡是價(jià)格中不含傭金的稱為凈價(jià)。

(N)8．價(jià)格條款包括計(jì)量單位、單位價(jià)格金額、計(jì)價(jià)貨幣和價(jià)格術(shù)語。(N)4 9．傭金和折扣都是在收到全部貨款之后再支付的。

(N)

第六模塊 國(guó)際貨物運(yùn)輸

一．不定項(xiàng)選擇題

1．班輪運(yùn)輸?shù)倪\(yùn)費(fèi)應(yīng)該包括(A)。

A．裝卸費(fèi)，不計(jì)滯期費(fèi)、速遣費(fèi) B．裝卸費(fèi)，但計(jì)滯期費(fèi)、速遣費(fèi) C．卸貨費(fèi)和應(yīng)計(jì)滯期費(fèi)，不計(jì)速遣費(fèi) D．卸貨費(fèi)和速遣費(fèi)，不計(jì)滯期費(fèi) 2．當(dāng)貿(mào)易術(shù)語采用CIF時(shí)，海運(yùn)提單對(duì)運(yùn)費(fèi)的表示應(yīng)為(A)。A．Freight Prepaid B．Freight Collect C． Freight Prepayable D．Freight Unpaid 3．國(guó)際多式聯(lián)合運(yùn)輸是以至少兩種不同的運(yùn)輸方式將貨物從一國(guó)境內(nèi)接受貨物的地點(diǎn)運(yùn)至另一國(guó)境內(nèi)指定交付貨物的地點(diǎn)的運(yùn)輸，它由(A)。

A．一個(gè)聯(lián)運(yùn)經(jīng)營(yíng)人負(fù)責(zé)貨物的全程運(yùn)輸，運(yùn)費(fèi)按全程費(fèi)率一次計(jì)收 B．一個(gè)聯(lián)運(yùn)經(jīng)營(yíng)人負(fù)責(zé)貨物的全程運(yùn)輸，運(yùn)費(fèi)按不同運(yùn)輸方式分別計(jì)收 C全程運(yùn)輸方式的經(jīng)營(yíng)人負(fù)責(zé)貨物的全程運(yùn)輸，運(yùn)費(fèi)按全程費(fèi)率一次計(jì)收 D.多種運(yùn)輸方式，分別經(jīng)營(yíng)，分別計(jì)費(fèi) 4．班輪運(yùn)輸?shù)奶攸c(diǎn)是(ABCD)。

A．定線、定港、定期和相對(duì)穩(wěn)定的運(yùn)費(fèi)費(fèi)率

B．由船方負(fù)責(zé)對(duì)貨物的裝卸，運(yùn)費(fèi)中包括裝卸費(fèi)，不規(guī)定滯期、速遣條款

C．承運(yùn)貨物的品種、數(shù)量較為靈活

D．雙方權(quán)利、義務(wù)＼責(zé)任豁免以船公司簽發(fā)的提單的有關(guān)規(guī)定為依據(jù) 5．裝運(yùn)期的規(guī)定辦法通常有(AB)。

A．明確規(guī)定具體裝運(yùn)期限 B．規(guī)定在收到信用證后若干天

C．規(guī)定在某一天裝運(yùn)完畢 D．籠統(tǒng)規(guī)定近期裝運(yùn)

6．在定程租船方式下，我國(guó)對(duì)裝卸費(fèi)的收取采用較為普遍的辦法是(A)。A．船方不負(fù)擔(dān)裝卸費(fèi) B．船方負(fù)擔(dān)裝卸費(fèi)

C．船方只負(fù)擔(dān)裝貨費(fèi)，而不負(fù)擔(dān)卸貨費(fèi) D．船方只負(fù)擔(dān)卸貨費(fèi)，而不負(fù)擔(dān)裝貨費(fèi) 7．按提單對(duì)貨物表面狀況有無不良批注，可分為(AB)。A．清潔提單 B．不清潔提單 C.記名提單 D．不記名提單 8．在進(jìn)出口業(yè)務(wù)中，能夠作為物權(quán)憑證的運(yùn)輸單據(jù)有(B)。A．鐵路運(yùn)單 B．海運(yùn)提單 C．航空運(yùn)單 D．郵包收據(jù) 9．在業(yè)務(wù)中，出口商完成裝運(yùn)后，憑(C)向船公司換取正式提單。A．發(fā)貨單 B．收貨單 C．大副收據(jù) D．商業(yè)發(fā)票

10．必須經(jīng)背書才能進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)讓的提單是（C）。

A．記名提單

B.不記名提單

C.指示提單

D.海運(yùn)單

二、判斷題

1．海運(yùn)提單如有三份正本，則憑其中任何一份即可在卸貨港向船公司或船代理提貨。（N）

2．如合同中規(guī)定裝運(yùn)條款為“2003年7／8月份裝運(yùn)”，那么我出口公司必須將貨物于7月、8月兩個(gè)月內(nèi)，每月各裝一批。（N）

3．凡裝在同一航次、同一條船上的貨物，即使裝運(yùn)時(shí)間和裝運(yùn)地點(diǎn)不同，也不作分批裝運(yùn)。

（Y）

4．記名提單比不記名提單風(fēng)險(xiǎn)大，故很少使用。

（N）

5．國(guó)際鐵路貨物聯(lián)運(yùn)的提單副本，可以作為發(fā)貨人據(jù)以結(jié)算貨款的憑證。

（N）

6．按慣例，速遣費(fèi)通常為滯期費(fèi)的一半。

(Y)7．根據(jù)《跟單信用證統(tǒng)一慣例》的規(guī)定，如果信用證中沒有明確規(guī)定是否允許分批裝運(yùn)及轉(zhuǎn)船，應(yīng)理解為允許。

（Y）

8．記名提單和指示提單同樣可以背書轉(zhuǎn)讓。

（N）9．清潔提單是指不載有任何批注的提單。

（N）10．在航空運(yùn)輸中，收貨人提貨憑航空公司的提貨通知單。

（Y）

第七模塊

貨物的保險(xiǎn)

一、不定項(xiàng)選擇題

1、海上風(fēng)險(xiǎn)有（BC）。

A、雨淋

B、地震

C、失火

D、銹損

2、構(gòu)成共同海損的條件（ABC）。

A、共同海損的危險(xiǎn)必須是實(shí)際存在的，不是主觀臆測(cè)的 B、消除船、貨共同危險(xiǎn)而采取的措施必須是合理的 C、必須是屬于非正常性質(zhì)的損失

D、采取措施后，船方和貨方都做出可一定的犧牲

3、海上貨物運(yùn)輸保險(xiǎn)中，除合同另有約定外，哪些原因造成貨物損失，保險(xiǎn)人不予賠償（ABCD）。A、交貨延遲

B、被保險(xiǎn)人的過失 C、市場(chǎng)行情變化

D、貨物自然損耗

4、下列危險(xiǎn)中屬于自然災(zāi)害的有（ABCDE）。

A、惡劣氣候

B、雷電

C、海嘯

D、地震

E、火山爆發(fā)

5、下列危險(xiǎn)屬于意外事故的有（ABCE）。

A、擱淺

B、觸礁

C、失蹤

D、雷電

E、爆炸

6、構(gòu)成實(shí)際全損的情況有（ABC）。

A、保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的物全部滅失

B、保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的物完全變質(zhì)

C、保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的物不可能歸還保險(xiǎn)人 D、施救費(fèi)用和救助費(fèi)用超過保險(xiǎn)價(jià)值

7、出口茶葉，為防止運(yùn)輸途中串味，辦理保險(xiǎn)時(shí)，應(yīng)投保（BCD）。A、串味險(xiǎn)

B、平安險(xiǎn)加串味險(xiǎn)

C、水漬險(xiǎn)加串味險(xiǎn)

D、一切險(xiǎn)

8、土畜產(chǎn)公司出口腸衣一批，為防止在運(yùn)輸途中因容器損壞而引起滲漏損失，保險(xiǎn)時(shí)應(yīng)投保（BD）。A、滲漏險(xiǎn)

B、一切險(xiǎn)

C、一切險(xiǎn)加滲漏險(xiǎn)

D、水漬險(xiǎn)加滲漏險(xiǎn)

9、根據(jù)我國(guó)海洋運(yùn)輸保險(xiǎn)條款規(guī)定，一般附加險(xiǎn)包括（ABD）。A、短量險(xiǎn)

B、偷竊提貨不著險(xiǎn)

C、交貨不到險(xiǎn)

D、串味險(xiǎn)

10、某國(guó)遠(yuǎn)洋貨輪，滿載貨物從s港啟航，途中遇颶風(fēng)，貨輪觸礁貨物損失慘重。貨主向其投保的保險(xiǎn)公司發(fā)出委付通知，在此情況下，該保險(xiǎn)公司可以選擇的處理方法是什么？（AD）A、必須接受委付

B、拒絕接受委付

C、先接受委付，然后撤回 D、接受委付，不得撤回

二、判斷題

1、海上保險(xiǎn)業(yè)務(wù)的意外事故，僅局限于發(fā)生在海上的意外事故。

（N）

2、船舶失蹤達(dá)半年以上可以推定全損處理。

（Y）

3、共同海損是部分海損中的一種。

（Y）

4、“一切險(xiǎn)”的承保范圍包括由自然災(zāi)害、意外事故以及一切外來風(fēng)險(xiǎn)所造成的被保險(xiǎn)貨物的損失。

（N）

5、單獨(dú)海損是指載貨船舶在海運(yùn)途中，被保險(xiǎn)貨物造成的部分損失。（N）

6、我某公司按CFR貿(mào)易術(shù)語進(jìn)口時(shí)，在國(guó)內(nèi)投保了一切險(xiǎn)，保險(xiǎn)公司的責(zé)任起訖應(yīng)為倉(cāng)至倉(cāng)。

6（Y）

7、在海運(yùn)貨物保險(xiǎn)業(yè)務(wù)中，倉(cāng)至倉(cāng)條款對(duì)于駁船運(yùn)輸造成的損失，保險(xiǎn)公司不承擔(dān)責(zé)任。

（N）

8、在國(guó)際貿(mào)易中，向保險(xiǎn)公司投保一切險(xiǎn)，在運(yùn)輸途中由于任何外來原因造成的一切貨損，均可向保險(xiǎn)公司索賠。

（N）

9、托運(yùn)出口玻璃制品時(shí)，白保險(xiǎn)人在投保一切先后，還應(yīng)加保破碎險(xiǎn)。（N）

10、水漬險(xiǎn)的責(zé)任范圍是除平安險(xiǎn)責(zé)任范圍以內(nèi)的全部責(zé)任外，還包括由于暴風(fēng)、巨浪等自然災(zāi)害引起的部分損失。

（Y）

第八模塊

貨款的結(jié)算

一、不定項(xiàng)選擇題

1． 某銀行簽發(fā)一張匯票，以另一家銀行為受票人，則這張匯票是（BD）A.商業(yè)匯票 B.銀行匯票 C.商業(yè)承兌匯票 D.銀行承兌匯票 2． 在信用證結(jié)算方式下，匯票的受款人通常的抬頭方式是（B）A.限制性抬頭 B.指示性抬頭 C.持票人抬頭 D.來人抬頭 3．屬于順匯方法的支付方式是（A）A.匯付 B.托收 C.信用證 D.銀行保函

4．所謂信用證“嚴(yán)格相符”的原則，是指受益人必須做到（B）A.單證與合同嚴(yán)格相符 B.單證與信用證嚴(yán)格相符 C.信用證與合同嚴(yán)格相符 D.單證與信用證、合同嚴(yán)格相符 5．屬于銀行信用的國(guó)際貿(mào)易支付方式是（C）A.匯付 B.托收 C.信用證 D.票匯

6．在國(guó)際貿(mào)易中，用以統(tǒng)一解釋調(diào)和信用證各有關(guān)當(dāng)事人矛盾的國(guó)際慣例是（B）A.《托收統(tǒng)一規(guī)則》 B.《國(guó)際商會(huì)第600號(hào)出版物》 C.《合約保證書統(tǒng)一規(guī)則》 7．一張有效的信用證，必須規(guī)定一個(gè)（B）A.裝運(yùn)期 B.有效期 C.交單期 D.議付期

8．按照《跟單信用證統(tǒng)一慣例》的規(guī)定，受益人最后向銀行交單議付的期限是不遲于提單簽發(fā)日的（C）A.11 B.15 C.21 D.25 9．保兌行對(duì)保兌信用證承擔(dān)的付款責(zé)任是（A）

A.第一性的 B.第二性的 C.第三性的 D.第四性的 10.受益人開立遠(yuǎn)期匯票但可通過貼現(xiàn)即期足額收款的信用證是（C）A.即期信用證 B.遠(yuǎn)期信用證 C.假遠(yuǎn)期信用證 D.預(yù)支信用證 11.信用證的第一付款人是（B）。A.進(jìn)口商 B.開征行 C.出口商 D.通知行

12.匯票有遠(yuǎn)期和即期之分，在托收業(yè)務(wù)中，（C）。A.只使用遠(yuǎn)期匯票 B.只使用即期匯票 C.有時(shí)使用遠(yuǎn)期匯票，有時(shí)使用即期匯票

一、判斷題

1.根據(jù)國(guó)際慣例，凡信用證上未注明可否轉(zhuǎn)讓字樣，即視為可轉(zhuǎn)讓信用證。N 2.不可撤銷信用證列有裝運(yùn)期，而未列有效期，按《國(guó)際商會(huì)500號(hào)出版物》，應(yīng)在最后裝運(yùn)期前向銀行交單。Y 3.在保兌信用證下就付款責(zé)任而言開證行和保兌行同樣負(fù)第一性付款的責(zé)任。Y 4.在承兌交單情況下，是由代收行對(duì)匯票進(jìn)行承兌后，向進(jìn)口商交單。N 5.在票匯情況下，買方購(gòu)買銀行匯票徑寄賣方，因采用的是銀行匯票，故這種付款方式屬于銀行信用。N 7 6.在一般情況下，匯票一經(jīng)付款，出票人對(duì)匯票的責(zé)任即告解除。Y 7.貼現(xiàn)是指遠(yuǎn)期匯票經(jīng)承兌后,匯票持有人在匯票尚未到期前在貼現(xiàn)市場(chǎng)上轉(zhuǎn)讓,受讓人扣除貼現(xiàn)息后將票款付給出票人的行為,或是指銀行購(gòu)買未到期票據(jù)的業(yè)務(wù)。Y 8.電匯收取外匯的時(shí)間較短,出口商可盡快收回貨款,加速資金周轉(zhuǎn),節(jié)約利息支出,同時(shí)由于收匯時(shí)間短,一定程度上可減少匯率波動(dòng)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。Y

第九模塊 貨物的檢驗(yàn)

一、不定項(xiàng)選擇題

1．若使買方在目的港對(duì)所收貨物無權(quán)提出異議，商品檢驗(yàn)應(yīng)(A)。A．以離岸品質(zhì)、離岸重量為準(zhǔn) B．以到岸品質(zhì)、到岸重量為準(zhǔn) C.以離岸品質(zhì)、到岸數(shù)量為準(zhǔn) D．以到岸品質(zhì)、離岸數(shù)量為準(zhǔn)

2．在國(guó)際貨物銷售合同的商品檢驗(yàn)條款中，關(guān)于檢驗(yàn)時(shí)間與地點(diǎn)，目前使用最多的是(C)。Ａ．在出口國(guó)檢驗(yàn) B．在進(jìn)口國(guó)檢驗(yàn) C．在出口國(guó)檢驗(yàn)在進(jìn)口國(guó)復(fù)驗(yàn)

D．出口國(guó)檢驗(yàn)、進(jìn)口國(guó)復(fù)檢，再到第三國(guó)檢驗(yàn) 3．對(duì)技術(shù)密集型產(chǎn)品，易在(AD)。A．出廠前檢驗(yàn) B．裝船前檢驗(yàn) C．目的港檢驗(yàn) D．最終用戶所在地檢驗(yàn) 4．“離岸數(shù)量、到岸品質(zhì)”多用于(B)。A．小批量零星交易 B。大宗商品交易 C．賣方承擔(dān)責(zé)任較小交易

D．貨物的品質(zhì)、數(shù)量相對(duì)穩(wěn)定的交易

5．商檢部門對(duì)進(jìn)出口商品的質(zhì)量、規(guī)格、等級(jí)進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)后出具的是(A)。A．品質(zhì)檢驗(yàn)證書 B．重量檢驗(yàn)證書 C.數(shù)量檢驗(yàn)證書 D.衛(wèi)生檢驗(yàn)證書

6．我國(guó)對(duì)外貿(mào)易合同中對(duì)檢驗(yàn)時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)的規(guī)定主要有(ABCDE)。A．產(chǎn)地或工廠檢驗(yàn)

B．出口國(guó)裝運(yùn)港(地)檢驗(yàn)；進(jìn)口國(guó)目的港(地)檢驗(yàn) C．裝船前或裝船時(shí)在裝運(yùn)港檢驗(yàn) D．在進(jìn)口國(guó)檢驗(yàn)

E．裝運(yùn)港(地)檢驗(yàn)重量、目的港(地)檢驗(yàn)品質(zhì)

7．我國(guó)出口凍禽、凍兔、皮張、毛類、豬鬃、腸衣等貨物時(shí)，需提供(D)。A．品質(zhì)檢驗(yàn)證書 B．重量檢驗(yàn)證書 C.價(jià)值檢驗(yàn)證書 D．獸醫(yī)檢驗(yàn)證書 E．殘損檢驗(yàn)證書

8．我國(guó)商檢機(jī)構(gòu)的基本任務(wù)是(ABC)。A．實(shí)施法定檢驗(yàn) B．實(shí)施監(jiān)督管理 C．辦理公證鑒定業(yè)務(wù) D．進(jìn)行對(duì)外索賠 9．商品檢驗(yàn)證書在國(guó)際貿(mào)易中的作用是(ABCDE)。A．證明賣方所交貨物是否符合合同規(guī)定的依據(jù) B．對(duì)外索賠的依據(jù) C．仲裁機(jī)構(gòu)受理案件的依據(jù)

D．海關(guān)通關(guān)放行的有效證件 E．銀行付款的主要依據(jù)

10．我國(guó)進(jìn)出口商品檢驗(yàn)的范圍主要包括(ABCD)。

A.現(xiàn)行《種類表》規(guī)定的商品

B.我國(guó)《食品衛(wèi)生法》和《進(jìn)出境動(dòng)植物檢疫法》規(guī)定的商品 C.我國(guó)《進(jìn)出境動(dòng)植物檢疫法》規(guī)定的商品 D.我國(guó)《食品衛(wèi)生法》規(guī)定的商品

二、判斷題

1．買方對(duì)貨物的檢驗(yàn)權(quán)是強(qiáng)制性的，是接受貨物的前提條件。(N)2．按照我國(guó)《商檢法》規(guī)定；法定檢驗(yàn)的商品僅指《商檢機(jī)構(gòu)實(shí)施檢驗(yàn)的進(jìn)出口商品種類表》所列的商品。(Y)3．如果合同中作為商檢依據(jù)的品質(zhì)條款和信用證規(guī)定不符時(shí)，則商檢機(jī)構(gòu)按信用證的有關(guān)規(guī)定檢驗(yàn)。(Y)4．如果合同中未對(duì)進(jìn)出口商品的檢驗(yàn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)作出明確確定的話，應(yīng)首先以進(jìn)口國(guó)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)作為檢驗(yàn)依據(jù)。(Y)5．以裝運(yùn)港檢驗(yàn)機(jī)構(gòu)出具的證書為議付單據(jù)，；以目的港檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果為索賠依據(jù)，這種做法對(duì)買賣雙方均有好處。(N)

6、國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化組織的英文縮寫是SGS。（N）

7、凡是出口商品，必須經(jīng)過商檢機(jī)構(gòu)的檢驗(yàn)之后才能出口。（Y）

8、在出口國(guó)檢驗(yàn)是指在產(chǎn)地檢驗(yàn)出口商品。（N）

9、在國(guó)際貿(mào)易中，買賣雙方憑樣成交的，進(jìn)行商品檢驗(yàn)時(shí)應(yīng)按合同進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)。（N）

10、進(jìn)出口商品檢驗(yàn)機(jī)構(gòu)檢驗(yàn)、鑒定后出具的證明文件稱為檢驗(yàn)證書。（Y)

第十模塊 貨物的索賠

一、不定項(xiàng)選擇題

1．交易一方認(rèn)為對(duì)方未能全部或部分履行合同規(guī)定責(zé)任與義務(wù)而引起的糾紛是(A)。A．爭(zhēng)議 B．違約 C.索賠 D．理賠

2．雙方當(dāng)事人在合同中明確規(guī)定“貨物運(yùn)抵目的港后30天內(nèi)索賠”。這種索賠期限是(B)，A．法定索賠期限 B．約定索賠期限 C．固定索賠期限 D．變動(dòng)索賠期限

3.在合同中對(duì)賣方較為有利的索賠期限可規(guī)定為(D)。A．貨物運(yùn)抵目的港(地)后xx天內(nèi)

B．貨物運(yùn)抵目的港(地)后卸離海輪后X火天 C．貨物運(yùn)抵最終目的地后XX天戶 D．貨物裝上船后XX天內(nèi)

4．《聯(lián)合國(guó)國(guó)際貨物銷售合同公約》規(guī)定的索賠期限為買方實(shí)際收到貨物后(D)內(nèi)。A．半年 B.1年 C．1年半 D.2年

5．我與外商按CIF條件成交某商品1 000打，允許賣方有5％溢短裝幅度，我實(shí)際裝1 000打(提單也載明 000~'1)，貨抵目的港后，買方即來函反映僅收到948打，并已取得船公司短少證明，向我索賠。我方正確答復(fù)應(yīng)是：(C)。A．同意補(bǔ)裝52打 B．同意退2打貨款 C．請(qǐng)與海運(yùn)公司和中國(guó)人民保險(xiǎn)公司或其代理聯(lián)系 D．與海運(yùn)公司聯(lián)系

6、國(guó)際貿(mào)易中的索賠案件，多數(shù)原因是(ABCD)。A．賣方所交貨物品質(zhì)與合同規(guī)定不符 B．賣方所交貨物數(shù)量與合同規(guī)定不符 C．賣方不按期交貨 D．買方未及時(shí)開證

7．涉及國(guó)際貨物買賣的索賠，通常包括(ABCD)。A．買賣雙方之間的貿(mào)易索賠 B．賣方向承運(yùn)人提出的運(yùn)輸索賠 C．買方向承運(yùn)人提出的運(yùn)輸索賠 D．賣方向保險(xiǎn)人提出的保險(xiǎn)索賠 8．索賠期限的規(guī)定方法有(ABCD)。A.約定索賠期限 B.貨到目的港后XX天索賠 C．貨到目的港卸至碼頭后XX天索賠 D．貨到最終目的地后xx天索賠

9．進(jìn)出口合同中索賠條款有兩種規(guī)定方式(CD)A．異議條款 B．索賠條款 C．罰金條款 D．異議和索賠條款 10．異議和索賠條款包括(ABD)。A．索賠依據(jù) B．索賠期限 C.索賠處理辦法 D．索賠金額

11．合同中的違約金條款應(yīng)訂明(ABD)。A．違約金的金額 B違約金的計(jì)算方法 C.違約金的功能 D．違約金的起算日期 12．大陸法系國(guó)家認(rèn)為，違約金的功能是(AC)。A．制裁違約 B保證合同履行 C．賠償損失 D．預(yù)防違約

二、判斷題

1．索賠和理賠是兩種不同的事情。(N)2．遭受損害的一方向違約方要求賠償，這是理賠。(N)3．逾期提賠是無效的。(Y)4．某公司的進(jìn)口設(shè)備到貨后，發(fā)現(xiàn)與合同規(guī)定不符，但賣方及時(shí)對(duì)設(shè)備進(jìn)行了修理，使設(shè)備達(dá)到了原定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。在此情況下，買方就不能提出任何損害賠償要求。(N)5．一方違反合同，沒有違約一方所能得到的損害賠償金額

最多不超過違約方在訂立合同時(shí)所能預(yù)見的損失金額。(T)6.在進(jìn)出口業(yè)務(wù)中，進(jìn)口商收貨后發(fā)現(xiàn)貨物與合同規(guī)定不符，在任何時(shí)候都可向供貨方索賠。(N)

第十一模塊 不可抗力

一、不定項(xiàng)選擇題

1．不可抗力免除了遭受意外事故的一方當(dāng)事人(A)。A．履行合同的責(zé)任 B．對(duì)損害賠償?shù)呢?zé)任 C.交付貨物的責(zé)任 D.支付貨款的責(zé)任

2．我與外商按CIF條件成交某商品1 000打，允許賣方有5％溢短裝幅度，我實(shí)際裝1 000打(提單也載明1000~1)，貨抵目的港后，買方即來函反映僅收到948打，并已取得船公司短少證明，向我索賠。我方正確答復(fù)應(yīng)是：(C)。A．同意補(bǔ)裝52打 B．同意退2打貨款 C．請(qǐng)與海運(yùn)公司和中國(guó)人民保險(xiǎn)公司或其代理聯(lián)系 D．與海運(yùn)公司聯(lián)系

3．不可抗力事件是指當(dāng)事人(B)。

A．不能預(yù)見、不能避免的事件

B．不能預(yù)見、不能避免、不能克服的事件

C．不能預(yù)見、不能避免、不能克服、可以預(yù)防的事件 D．可以預(yù)見、不能避免的事件

4．當(dāng)賣方因不可抗力事故造成履行出口交貨困難時(shí)，按照法律和慣例(D)。A．只能免除交貨責(zé)任 B．只能展延交貨日期 C．減少交貨的數(shù)量

D．有時(shí)可以免除交貨責(zé)任，有時(shí)可以展延交貨日期，視具體情況而定

5．判定為不可抗力事故的原則是(ABD)。

A.意外事故的發(fā)生是偶然性的，是當(dāng)事人無法預(yù)見或控制克服的 B.意外事故必須發(fā)生在合同簽訂之后

C．由于合同雙方當(dāng)事人自身的過失或疏忽而導(dǎo)致的 D．不是因?yàn)楹贤p方當(dāng)事人自身的過失或疏忽導(dǎo)致的 6．下列屬于不可抗力事故的是(ABCD)。A．水災(zāi) B．地震 C.政府禁令 D.通貨膨脹

7．不可抗力引起的后果主要是(BCD)。A．支付違約金 B．解除合同 C．延期履行合同 D.訂立新合同 8．合同中不可抗力條款應(yīng)包括(ABCD)。A.不可抗力事故范圍 B.不可抗力事故的處理

C．不可抗力事故發(fā)生后通知對(duì)方的期限、方式 D．證明文件及出證機(jī)構(gòu)

9．合同中規(guī)定不可抗力范圍的方式有(BCD)A．分類式 D．概括式 C．綜合式 D．列舉式

10．某公司對(duì)外訂立出口合同后，發(fā)生火災(zāi)，全部供出口的商品被毀。如果該合同中訂有不可抗力條款，該公司可援引該條款(BD)。

A．要求進(jìn)口方按期付款 B.要求免除對(duì)買方的賠償責(zé)任 C．要求撤銷合同 D．要求延期履行合同

二、判斷題

1．不可抗力事故是當(dāng)事人不能預(yù)見、不能避免、不能控制或克服的。Y 2．不可抗力事故一定不是因合同當(dāng)事人自身的過失或疏忽導(dǎo)致的。Y 3．一旦在合同訂立后出現(xiàn)不可抗力事故，遭受損害的一方當(dāng)事人即可解除合同。N 4．在不可抗力范圍問題上，易產(chǎn)生分歧的是自然力量事故。Y 5.供貨方如果生產(chǎn)機(jī)器發(fā)生故障，可援引不可抗力條款要求延期交貨。N 6．在不可抗力條款中必須訂明一方發(fā)生不可抗力事故后通知對(duì)方的期限和方式。Y 7．如果采用概括式說明不可抗力事故范圍，易因雙方當(dāng)事人意見不一致而影響合同效力。Y 8．從歐洲某商進(jìn)口在當(dāng)?shù)赝ǔ？梢再I到的某化工產(chǎn)品，在約定交貨前，該商所屬生產(chǎn)上述產(chǎn)品的工廠之一因爆炸被毀，該商要求援引不可抗力免責(zé)條款解除交貨責(zé)任。對(duì)此，我方應(yīng)予同意。N 9．援引不可抗力條款的法律后果是撤銷合同或推遲合同的履行。Y

10、不可抗力屬于免責(zé)條款。Y 11

第十二模塊

仲裁

一、不定項(xiàng)選擇題

1、仲裁協(xié)議是仲裁機(jī)構(gòu)受理爭(zhēng)議案件的必要依據(jù)。仲裁協(xié)議（C）達(dá)成。A、必須在爭(zhēng)議發(fā)生之前 B、只能在爭(zhēng)議發(fā)生之后 C、既可以在爭(zhēng)議發(fā)生之前，也可以在爭(zhēng)議發(fā)生之后 D、必須在爭(zhēng)議發(fā)生的過程中

2、國(guó)際貿(mào)易中，解決交易雙方所發(fā)生的爭(zhēng)議方式很多，包括（ABCD）。A、協(xié)商 B、調(diào)解 C、仲裁 D、訴訟

3、關(guān)于仲裁地點(diǎn)有以下各種不同的規(guī)定，其中對(duì)我方最有利的一種是（C）。A、在雙方同意的第三國(guó)仲裁 B、在被訴人所在國(guó)仲裁 C、在我國(guó)仲裁 D、在對(duì)方國(guó)仲裁

4、仲裁裁決的形式有（AC）。

A、最終裁決 B、中間裁決 C、部分裁決 D、全部裁決

5、訴訟與仲裁的相同點(diǎn)是（CD）。

A、兩者審理案件的機(jī)構(gòu)性質(zhì)相同 B、兩者審理制度相同 C、兩者均是按照一定程序進(jìn)行審理 D、兩者審理的依據(jù)相同

6、以仲裁方式解決交易雙方爭(zhēng)議的必要條件是（A）。A、交易雙方當(dāng)事人訂有仲裁協(xié)議 B、交易雙方當(dāng)事人訂有合同 C、交易雙方當(dāng)事人訂有意向書 D、交易雙方當(dāng)事人訂有交易協(xié)議

7、中國(guó)國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易仲裁委員會(huì)是我國(guó)的（A）。A 官方性常設(shè)仲裁機(jī)構(gòu) B 民間性常設(shè)仲裁機(jī)構(gòu) C 官方性臨時(shí)仲裁機(jī)構(gòu) D 民間性臨時(shí)仲裁機(jī)構(gòu)

8、國(guó)際商會(huì)國(guó)際仲裁院設(shè)在（C）。A、德國(guó) B、英國(guó) C、法國(guó) D、意大利

9、多數(shù)國(guó)家都認(rèn)定仲裁裁決是（A）。

A、終局性的 B、可更改的 C、無約束力 D、不確定的

10、在國(guó)際貿(mào)易中，仲裁機(jī)構(gòu)有兩種，它們是（CD）。A、國(guó)際性仲裁機(jī)構(gòu) B、地方性仲裁機(jī)構(gòu) C、臨時(shí)性仲裁機(jī)構(gòu) D、常設(shè)性仲裁機(jī)構(gòu)

二、判斷題

1、受理爭(zhēng)議的仲裁機(jī)構(gòu)是國(guó)家政權(quán)機(jī)關(guān)，對(duì)爭(zhēng)議案件的受理具有強(qiáng)制管轄權(quán)。N

2、仲裁裁決一般是終局性的，對(duì)雙方當(dāng)事人均有約束力。Y

3、買賣雙方為解決爭(zhēng)議而提請(qǐng)仲裁時(shí)，必須向仲裁機(jī)構(gòu)遞交仲裁協(xié)議，否則，仲裁機(jī)構(gòu)不予受理。Y

4、仲裁協(xié)議必須由合同當(dāng)事人在爭(zhēng)議發(fā)生之前達(dá)成，否則不能提請(qǐng)仲裁。N

5、國(guó)際商會(huì)國(guó)際仲裁院是國(guó)際商會(huì)下屬的國(guó)際性常設(shè)的仲裁機(jī)構(gòu)。Y

6、根據(jù)中國(guó)國(guó)際貿(mào)易仲裁委員會(huì)的仲裁規(guī)則，有關(guān)首席仲裁員的產(chǎn)生由仲裁委員會(huì)主席指定。N

7、仲裁協(xié)議約束雙方當(dāng)事人只能以仲裁方式解決爭(zhēng)議，不得向法院起訴。Y

8、仲裁協(xié)議的核心作用是排除法院對(duì)該爭(zhēng)議案件的管轄權(quán) Y

9、仲裁協(xié)議有兩重形式，即仲裁條款和提交仲裁的協(xié)議。兩種形式不同，其法律作用與效力也是不相同的。N

10、仲裁比訴訟的程序簡(jiǎn)單，處理問題比較迅速及時(shí)，而且費(fèi)用也較為低廉。Y

第二篇：國(guó)際貿(mào)易實(shí)務(wù)習(xí)題集

習(xí)題集

山東工商學(xué)院中加學(xué)院

國(guó)際貿(mào)易教研室

國(guó)際貿(mào)易實(shí)務(wù)（雙語）

國(guó)際貿(mào)易實(shí)務(wù)（雙語）綜合習(xí)題集

Part I: Multiple Choices(Choose the Best Answer for Each of the Following Questions)

1.The one who buy insurance is called()A.an insurance company

C.the insured

B.a broker

D.an insurer 2.What is the name given to the sum of money which a person agrees to pay to an insurance company? A.compensation

C.investment

B.premium

3.An insurance agreement is called an()? A.insurance policy

C.insurance cover

B.insurance contract

D.insurance document D.commission 4.Under FOB contract, the()is to arrange insurance.A.seller

C.buyer

B.insurer

D.carrier 5.When the seller contracts for insurance, it is a(n)()contract.A.CFR

C.FAS

B.FCA

6.The one who lodges a claim is known as an().A.insurer

C.insurance broker

B.the insured

D.claimant D.CIF 7.()does not have the normally accepted meaning, but means loss in the insurance business.A.Partial loss

C.Coverage

B.Total loss

D.Average8.()is the broadest kind of coverage but does not include all risks.A.Free of Particular Average

C.With particular Average

B.All Risks 9.Risk of breakage is considered to be the()A.Free of Particular Average

C.General additional risks

B.With Average

D.Special additional risks D.TPND 10.The person to whom the goods are shipped is called _______.A.the consignor

C.the shipper

B.the consignee

D.the manufacturer 11.As Swedish arbitrators often are()lawyers, the arbitrators’ fees are usually in line with those of lawyers.A.practice

C.practising

B.practise

D.practised 12.The Institute may also decide to discharge an arbitrator on the()of any lawful excuse or failure to perform his duties in an adequate manner.A.basis

C.excuse

B.reason

D.ground 13.If the institute has requested a party to perform any act within a()time, such time limit may be extended by the Institute.A.specified

C.specifying

B.specify

D.limited14.If an arbitrator is replaced in the course of the proceedings, the newly()tribunal shall decide whether and to what extent a prior oral hearing shall be repeated.A.comprised

C.consisted

B.composed

D.built 15.The arbitrators are()to receive remuneration for their work in accordance with the principles stated above and, in addition, to receive reimbursement of their expenses.A.entitled

C.subject

B.qualified

D.required 16.The international uniform customs practice in written for documentary collection is().A.UCP600

C.Incoterm2000

B.ISP98 17.The payer of promissory note is the().A.drawer

C.payee

B.drawee 18.（）needn’t draft generally.A.Open Negotiation L/C

C.Deferred payment L/C

B.Sight Payment L/C 19.The Opening Banks of L/C deal with（）.A.services

B.goods

C.documents

D.performance to which the documents may relate 20.According to UCP600, if there is no indication in the credit of the insurance coverage required, the amount of insurance coverage must be at least（）of the CIF or CIP value of the goods.A.110%

B.10%

D.Restricted Negotiation L/C D.creditor D.URC522 2 C.100%

D.130%

21.If the cargoes are not discharged from the ship or lighter, then the time of insurance duty under war risks shall be limited to()days counting from the midnight of the day when the vessel arrives at the port of destination.A.15 days

C.60 days

B.30 days

22.WPA is（）in Chinese.A.平安險(xiǎn)

C.一切險(xiǎn)

B.水漬險(xiǎn)

D.戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)險(xiǎn) D.2 years 23.The Ad.V.standard for liner freight is calculated on the basis of().A.CIF price

C.CFR price

B.FCA price

24.Unless the Credit stipulates otherwise,().A.Partial shipments and transshipments are allowed B.Partial shipments and transshipments are not allowed C.transshipments are not allowed, but Partial shipments are allowed D.transshipments are allowed, but Partial shipments are not allowed 25.The net weight and G.W for some goods is 28kgs per piece and 30kgs respectively.Its measurement is 45CMX35CMX22CM per piece.If the calculation standard for liner’s freight tariff is W/M10, the shipping company will calculate the freight（）

A.on the basis of net weight

C.on the basis of measurement

B.at the shipper’s option

26.The most frequently used pricing methods is()A.fixed pricing

C.Partial fixed price and partial unfixed price

B.flexible pricing

D.Floating pricing).D.at the carrier’s option D.FOB price 27.In international export practice, in case we conclude a FOB or CFR contract with the buyer abroad, unless otherwise agreed, we must give the buyer notice that the goods have been delivered on board the vessel, so as to enable him to()in time.A.arrange shipment

C.take delivery

B.cover insurance

D.open L/C 28.The CIF contract is a typical “document transaction” or “()”.A.dependent transaction

C.symbolic delivery

B.physical delivery

D.arrival contract 29.The variations of CFR involve only the problem of who is to pay()charges, with nothing to do with the place of delivery or the place of risk separation.A.loading

B.demurrage

C.freight

D.unloading

30.In INCOTERMS 2000, under()trade term, the customs declaration for import is the responsibility of seller.A.EXW

C.CIF

B.DDP

D.FOB 31.Which of the following expressions to quality is right and proper?()A.Chinese Groundnut, Moisture 13%, Admixture 5%, Oil content 44%.B.Cloth Doll Sample No.123, quality to be completely equal to the sample.C.Tetracycline HCL Tablets, Sugar Coated, 250mg, B.P.D.grey duck's down, duck's down content 18%(1% more or 2% less)“.32.If no expiry date for presentation of documents is stipulated in L/C, banks will not accept documents presented to them later than()days after the date of shipment.A.15

C.7

B.21

D.60 33.In Credit operations all parties concerned deal with().A.goods

B.services

C.documents

D.other performances to which the documents may relate 34.If the cargoes are not discharged from the ship or lighter, then the time of insurance duty under war risks shall be limited to()days counting from the midnight of the day when the vessel arrives at the port of destination.A.15 days

C.60 days

B.30 days

D.2 years 35.Under ICC, the insurer will bear the maximum responsibility if ICC()is adopted.A.A

C.C

B.B

D.Malicious risks 36.The net weight and G.W.for some goods is 30kgs per piece and 34kgs respectively.Its measurement is 45CMX35CMX20CM per piece.If the calculation standard for liner’s freight tariff is W/M10, the shipping company will calculate the freight（）

A.on the basis of net weight

C.on the basis of measurement

B.on the basis of gross weight

D.at the carrier’s option

37.As for the(), the charter will employ the master and take charge of the deployment and management of the ship.A.Voyage Charter

C.Bare-boat Charter

B.Time Charter

D.Liner 38.The Ad.V.standard for liner freight is calculated on the basis of().4 A.CIF price

C.CFR price

B.FCA price

little damaged” on the B/L.This B/L is a/an().A.Clean B/L

C.To order B/L

B.Unclean B/L

D.Shipped B/L D.FOB price 39.The shipping company makes a notation such as “Few carton bottom little wet”、“Some carton 40.When a company negotiates payment through bank, which kind of B/L will the bank accept?().A.Clean on board B/L

C.Unclean B/L

B.Received for shipment B/L 41.COD is the abbreviation of().A.Cash of Delivery

C.Cash of Document

B.Cash on Delivery

D.Cash on Document D.Ante-dated B/L42.It should be stressed that the scope of INCOTERMS is limited to matters relating to the rights and obligations of the parties to the S/C with respect to the delivery of goods sold in the sense of,()A.“merchantable”

C.“tangible” such as stationary

B.“negotiable”

D.“intangible” such as software

43.If the parties to a sales contract do not in advance agree upon whether the quantity of goods is determined by gross weight or net weight, it will be determined by().A.gross weight or net weight

C.tare weight

B.net weight

D.gross weight 44.According to the CISG, if the quantity delivered by the seller is greater than of the contract, the buyer can refuse().A.all the goods

C.the quantity stipulated in S/C

B.the excess part of the whole quantity

D.the quantity stipulated in L/C 45.Suppose you are an export and your business place is in China, which one of the following quotation is correct?()A.USD150 PER BALE FOB NEW YORK

B.$200 FOB SHANGHAI C.EURO500 PER SETS DEQ VANCOUVER

D.HKD50 PER PAIR GUANGZHOU 46.Contracts must renewed one week _____their expiration.A.on

C.the moment of

B.against

D.before

47.The commodities you offered are _____line with the business scope of our clients.5 A.outside

C.out

B.out of

D.without

48.We are arranging for an inspection tour of _____the material was processed.A.place

C.where

B.the place

D.there 49.We are reconsidering those trade terms _____might be adverse to the interest of our principals.A.what

C.when

B.that

D.where

50.We find that there is no stipulation of transshipment _____in the relative L/C.A.allowing

C.which allowed

B.which allows

D.being allowed 51.After unpacking the case we found that the goods did not ______with the original sample.A.match

C.agree

B.come up

D.measure 52.If the first shipment ______ , we guarantee that we will send you many repeat orders.A.match

C.agree

B.come up

D.measure 53.It is necessary that an arbitration clause ________in the contract.A.will be included

C.be included

B.must be included

D.has been included 54.Please see that your written confirmation ________by the end of this month, otherwise we will be free form the obligation for this offer.A.reaches us

C.reach us

B.will reach us

D.reached us 55.That helps to explain ______businesses are setting up Net sites even though profits aren’t yet very big.A.that

C.why

B.the reason for

D.why that 56.We wish to stress that shipment must be made within the prescribed time limit, as a further ______will not be considered by our end-users.A.prolong

C.extension

B.protract

D.expansion

57.With computer users linked to the Internet growing _____every year, business is trying to cash in on the worldwide network.A.at million

C.with one million

B.with a million

D.by millions

58.We regret having to remind you that 30% of the freight is still______.A.owned

C.outstanding

B.owning

D.understanding

59.________you fulfill the terms of the L/C, we will accept the drafts drawn under this credit.A.Provided

C.In the case

B.To provide

D.Only if 60.Kindly advise us of the steamers that call _______your port every month.A.at

C.in

B.on

D.for61.It should be _____if you could immediately ________what quantity you can supply us at present.A.thankful, advise

C.appreciated, advise

B.appreciate, advise

D.appreciating, inform 62.We thank you for your e-mail of November 25__B____your purchase of 10 M/T wild rice.A.confirm

C.to confirm

B.confirming

D.confirmed 63.Subject to satisfactory arrangements ______terms and conditions, we should be pleased to act as your sole agent.A.as

C.as if

B.as per

D.as to 64.Our usual terms of payment are _______L/C and we hope they will be satisfactory ______you.A.by, for

C.for, to

B.by, to

D.for, with 65.That helps to explain why businesses are setting up Net sites ______ profits aren’t yet very big.A.even

C.even though

B.although

D.why that 66.The contract between a party who agrees to accept the risk and a party seeking protection from the risk a contract of _________.A.payment

C.shipment

B.production

D.insurance 67.The customs duties act _______an essential leverage on regulating import and export behavior.A at

C.in

B.as

D.to 68.The Chinese word “運(yùn)單” is translated as________.7 A.invoice

C.Waybill

B.B/L

D.Contract 69.When we want to buy something from other countries, we should make ________ first.A.an offer

C.a confirmation

B.a inquiry

70.Swedish Krona is the currency of ________.A.Singapore

C.Sri Lanka

B.Spain

71.Cairo is a city of _______.A.Sri Lanka

C.Egypt

B.Denmark

D.Indonesia D.Sweden D.an acceptance 72.In the contract, usually there is a ________ clause to protect the buyer against loss from delay of the shipment of the goods.A.payment

C.penalty

B.shipment

D.quality 73.This contract is made _______ Dalian International Economical Trade Co.and Kich Boro International Limited.A.among

C.with

B.between

D.by 74.In foreign trade business, the trade terms CFR is often used, CFR is the abbreviation for _______.A.cost, insurance and freight

C.cost and freight

B.commercial invoice

D.consular invoice

Keys to multiple choices:

71

C C A D B B C C 2 12 22 32 42 52 62 72 B D B B C B B C 3 13 23 33 43 53 63 73 A A D C D C D B 4 14 24 34 44 54 64 74 C B A A B A B C 5 15 25 35 45 55 65 D A C A C C C 6 16 26 36 46 56 66 D D A B D C D 7 17 27 37 47 57 67 D A B C B D B 8 18 28 38 48 58 68 B B C D C C C 9 19 29 39 49 59 69 C C D B B A B 10 20 30.40 50 60 70 B A B A D A D

Part II: True or False 1.Exporting gives a manufacturer a large market for his products, while imports have unfavorable effects on the home market.2.Some commodities, like tea and wool, are sold on a tale quail basis and the buyer has to inspect a consignment himself.3.Immediate delivery is known as a future contract.4.Quoting firm prices for many months ahead involves little risk.5.Hedging is an operation adopted by merchants and others in the commodity markets who deal in futures to protect themselves against risk of loss, caused by future changes in price.6.The prices of produce remain unchanged for weeks and months, so buyers can place orders on the basis of printed price lists.7.The manufacturer may appoint a foreign agent who acts as a principal and pays for the goods himself.8.A closed indent is one which names the supplier of the goods required.9.A clearing agent is usually skilled in completing the formalities needed to clear goods through the Customs.10.Advertising aims to make a product or service known to the public in order to sell it.11.An offer may not indicate the terms of payment.12.The price-list and catalogues sent to some companies are also offers with binding effect.13.According to the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, an acceptance with non-material alterations or additions can still constitute a valid acceptance..14.According to the CISG, a late acceptance caused by abnormal transmission of the post office is nevertheless effective unless the offeror shows objection without delay.15.Landed quality refers to the quality of the goods re-inspected upon their arrival at the port of destination.16.After issued of the letter of credit, the Issuing Bank may refuse payment if the applicant becomes bankrupt.17.After the negotiating bank negotiates the documents, which are refused by the opening bank later, the negotiating bank may ask the beneficiary for repayment.18.According to the UCP600, a freely negotiable credit must stipulate a place for presentation of documents for negotiation.19.If the L/C prohibits partial shipments and the goods are shipped in full quantity with the price not reduced, a short drawing of 5 percent in the amount is permissible.20.If the Issuing Band appoints the Bank of China as its Advising Bank of L/C, then the Issuing Bank may ask the Bank of Asia to advise amendments to the L/C.21.A bank will only accept a clean transport document.A clean transport document is one bearing no clause or notation expressly declaring a defective condition of the goods or their packaging.The word “clean” need not appear on a transport document, even if a credit has a requirement for that transport document to be “clean on board”.22.The date of the insurance document must be no later than the date of shipment, unless it appears from the insurance document that the cover is effective from a date not later than the date of shipment.23.The war risks both under CIC and ICC are can be covered independently.24.Insurance against F.P.A.means that the insured cannot obtain compensation from the insurer if particular average occurs.25.The insurance endorsement cannot be used as a dependent document.It is only a supplementary document attached to insurance policy or certificate.26.Warsaw-Oxford Rules clearly explain the thirteen kinds of trade terms in current use.27.According to INCOTERMS2000, FCA is suitable for all kinds of transportation.28.The main difference between a CIF contract and a DES contract lies in the fact that the former is a symbolic delivery of goods, whereas the latter is a physical delivery of goods.29.In general, soft currency should be chosen for exports and hard currency for imports.30.The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods does not limit the forms of contracts.31.The “receipt rule” insists that delaying or missing of an acceptance on the way constitutes an effective contract.32.The conformity of goods with samples refers, according to the CISG, to the conformity of the quantity, quality, description and packing of goods with those of the sample.33.When the goods do not conform to the sales contract, the bank may stop payment immediately even if the documents are correct and complete.34.According to INCOTERMS 2000, FAS is suitable for all kinds of transportation.35.Unless otherwise stated in the Credit, a transferable Credit can be transferred more than once.36.After issued of the letter of credit, the Issuing Bank may refuse payment if the applicant becomes bankrupt.37.According to the UCP500, a freely negotiable credit must stipulate a place for presentation of documents for negotiation.38.When the goods are posted, the latest date of shipment refers to the date of Post Receipt.39.If the Issuing Band appoints the Bank of China as its Advising Bank of L/C, then the Issuing Bank may ask the Bank of Asia to advise amendments to the L/C.40.The instrument of payment used in M/T is cheque.41.According to international trade practice, you cannot have the goods insured if you did not have insurable interest in the goods.42.Under CIC, no additional risk can be purchased to insure goods independently.43.The insurance endorsement cannot be used as a dependent document.It is only a supplementary document attached to insurance policy or certificate.44.Institute Cargo Clause(A)has the widest coverage among all its clauses.10 45.When there are optional ports in the S/C, where the goods are to be unloaded must be decided and confirmed by the buyer at least 48 hours before the ship arrives at the first optional port.46.A letter of indemnity is issued by the seller to the buyer to certify that the goods delivered are in good condition.47.When the ship-owner speeds up his ship and arrives at the destination at an earlier date than is stipulated, he can obtain dispatch money from the shipper.48.According to the interpretation of the Revised American Foreign Trade Definition, FAS is suitable for all kinds of transportation.49.The Neutral packing means the packing without the name of the origin.50.Price terms are mainly applied to determining the prices of commodities in international trade.51.Warsaw-Oxford Rules clearly explain the thirteen kinds of trade terms in current use.52.As an exporter, you concluded a deal with an American on basis of EXW;then your transaction risk is reduced the minimum degree.53.According to the interpretation of the Revised American Foreign Trade Definition, FAS is suitable for all kinds of transportation.54.On CIP terms, the seller must pay the freight rate and insurance premium as well as bear all the risks until the goods have arrived at the destination.55.A letter of indemnity is issued by the seller to the buyer to certify that the goods delivered are in goods condition.56.According to the UCP 500, a bill of lading which is issued subject to a Charter Party must be accepted unless the Credit stipulates otherwise.57.When you transport your goods by a Time Charter, you have to pay for loading and unloading.58.When the ship-owner speeds up his ship and arrives at the destination at an earlier date than is stipulated, he can obtain dispatch money from the shipper.59.When the charterer fails to load or unload the goods within the stipulated period of time, he has to pay demurrage to the ship-owner.60.Sometimes when the buyer cannot determine a specific port of discharge, he may require two or three ports to be written on the contract for option.61.When there are optional ports in the contract, the goods may be unloaded at any one of the ports at the shipping company’s disposal.62.When importing on FOB terms, we can generally stipulate the port of discharge.14 An order bill of lading may be negotiable after being endorsed.63.A bill of lading is a transport contract in which the shipping company promises to transport the goods received to the destination.64.In China, insurance companies do not accept insurance based on Institute Cargo Clause.65.Institute Cargo Clause(A)has the widest coverage among all its clauses.66.Almost all the insurance companies provide door-to-door coverage service.67.Insurance against F.P.A.means that the insured cannot obtain compensation from the insurer if particular average occurs.11 68.If you have insured your goods against All Risks, you will get compensated whatever risks occurs to your goods.69.The quantity terms of goods is one the conditions of an effective sales contract.70.In international trade, only the Metric System is allowed to indicate the quantity of goods.71.If the parties to a sales contract do not in advance agree upon whether the quantity of goods is determined by gross weight or net weight, it will be determined by gross weight.72.Net weight refers to the actual tare of all the packing materials.73.Conditioned weight is, in fact, the actual weight of the moisture of a certain commodity.74.The quantity terms of goods is one the conditions of an effective sales contract.75.In international trade, only the Metric System is allowed to indicate the quantity of goods.76.If the parties to a sales contract do not in advance agree upon whether the quantity of goods is determined by gross weight or net weight, it will be determined by gross weight.77.Net weight refers to the actual tare of all the packing materials.78.Conditioned weight is, in fact, the actual weight of the moisture of a certain commodity.79.According to the CISG, if the quantity delivered by the seller is greater than that of the contract, the buyer can refuse all the goods.80.The more or less Clause in a S/C allows the seller to deliver as more or as fewer goods as possible.81.The only weakness of delivering fewer goods than stipulated is that the seller gets less paid.82.The Beneficiary of a letter of credit may indicate his acceptance or rejection of the amendments till when he presents the relevant documents.83.In our country goods for export must go through customs clearance.84.When exporting goods on CFR, CPT or FOB terms, the seller must pay the insurance premium.85.According to UCP500, if documents are in correspondence with L/C’s stipulations, discrepancies between the documents themselves are allowed.86.Banks will refuse to pay if the documents which are not required by the L/C are presented to them.87.When documents are presented to the Opening Bank, they shall be examined carefully within one month.Keys to True or False:

01.F

0 2.T

03.F

04.F

05.T

06.F

07.F

08.T

09.T 11.T

12.F 13.F 14.T 15.T 16.F 17.T 18.F 19.T 21.T

22.T 23.F 24.F

25.T 26.F

27.T 28.T 29.F 31.F

32.T 33.F 34.F

35.T

36.F 37.F

38.T

39.F 41.F

42.T

43.T 44.T 45.T

46.F 47.F 48.T 49.T 51.F

52.T

53.T 54.F 55.F

56.F

57.T 58.F 59.T 61.F

62.T

63.T 64.T 65.F

66.T 67.T 68.T

69.F

10.T20.F 30.T40.F50.F 60.T 70.T 71.F

72.F

73.F 74.T 75.F

76.F

77.F 78.F

79.F 80.F 81.F

82.T

83.T 84.F

85.F

86.F 87.F

Part III: Definitions 1.tariff 23.clean draft 2.surtax 24.TT 3.anti-dumping duty

25.documentary letter of credit

4.specific duty 26.sight L/C 5.ad valorem duty 27.standby L/C 6.quota 28.particular average 7.import license 29.general average 8.foreign exchange control 30.partial loss 9.shipper 31.constructive total loss

10.charter party

32.open policy 11.shipped B/L 33.warranty 12.clean B/L 34.receipt 13.straight B/L 35.acceptance 14.order B/L 36.force majeure event 15.stale B/L 37.private dispute resolution

16.foreign exchange 38.mediation 17.exchange rate 39.consular invoice 18.offer rate(of foreign exchange)

40.Customs invoice 19.definite offer 41.certificate of origin

20.acceptance 42.pro-forma invoice 21.commercial draft 43.packing list 22.usance draft 44.mate’s receipt

Keys to the Definitions:

1.A tariff is duty or fee is levied on goods being imported into(or exported out of)a country.2.Surtax is an additional tax.It may also be temporary and discriminatory.In international trade, import surtax is often collected to cope with international payment difficulties and to prevent dumping.3.Anti-dumping duty is a fee that is collected by the importing country when it believes that the exporting country is selling a significant amount of goods to the importing country at prices much lower than in the exporting country.4.Specific duty is a tax of a certain sum assessed and collected on an article without reference to its value or market.5.Ad valorem duty is a tax which is graded according to the cost, or market value, of the article taxed.6.A quota is a quantitative restriction or an upper limit in terms of physical quantity or value.7.An import license is a permit for import issued by the government to control the import of goods.8.Foreign exchange control means various forms of restriction imposed by a government on the purchase/sale of foreign currencies by residents or on the purchase/sale of local currency by nonresidents.9.Shipper: the person who makes the contract with the carrier and hands over the goods for carriage.10.Charter party: a written contract in charter shipping between the ship operator and the charterer(shipper)11.Shipped B/L: a B/L indicating that the goods have been shipped or loaded on board on a named vessel, as evidenced by the pre-printed wording or the on board notation on the bill of lading 12.Clean B/L: a B/L bearing an indication that the goods are received without damage, irregularities or short shipment 13.Straight B/L: a non-negotiable B/L in which the goods are consigned to a designated party 14.Order B/L: a negotiable bill of lading in which the goods are consigned to the order of a named party, usually the shipper 15.Stale B/L: a B/L that is negotiated when the L/C has expired or one that will reach the consignee after the arrival of the cargo 16.Foreign exchange is the currency of any foreign country which is the authorized instrument of settlement and the basis for record keeping in that country 17.Like any other commodities, a foreign exchange has a price, which is expressed in another currency.Exchange rate is the price relationship between the currencies of two countries or the price of one currency in terms of the other.18.Offer rate is the price at which a bank is willing to sell foreign exchange to its customers.19.A definite offer is one that clearly expresses the offerer’s willingness in concluding a transaction by providing complete and clear information for the deal.Normally it includes all the necessary items for a transaction, specifies the time by which the offer is valid and the time the acceptance must be received, and uses the phrase “offer firm” meaning that the offer is made without reservations.20.An acceptance is a statement made by the offeree indicating assent to an offer.21.A commercial draft is a payment order issued by a firm, not a bank, directing another party to pay a specified sum to the payee.22.A usance draft is an order of payment that will be made in a specified number of days after issue or acceptance of the draft or at a fixed future date.23.A clean draft is one that is paid without the presentation of any other documents attached.24.TT is a method of transferring funds by telecommunication system such as telex and cable.25.Documentary letter of credit is a conditional bank undertaking or guarantee of payment.26.A sight L/C is one by which the beneficiary is paid upon presentation of complying document.27.A standby L/C is an L/C representing an obligation by the issuing bank on a designated third party(the beneficiary)which is contingent on the failure of the bank’s customer to perform under the terms of a contract with the beneficiary.28.Particular average means a loss that is borne solely by the owner of the lost property such as damage of cargo by sea water.29.General average means a partial, deliberate and reasonable sacrifice of the ship, freight, or goods, undertaken for the common safety of the adventure in time of peril and/or extraordinary expenditure with the like object such as the charges for towing a stranded ship.30.Partial loss means: 1)total loss of part of the insured cargo and 2)damage to all or part of the insured cargo.31.Constructive total loss means the subject matter insured is reasonably abandoned on account of its actual total loss appearing to be unavoidable or because it would not be preserved from actual total loss without an expenditure greater than its recovered value.In other words, it is unlikely to recover the subject matter or the cost of recovery will exceed the value of the subject matter.32.Open policy is an arrangement in which terms such as types of risks to be covered, validity of the insurance contract, rate, premium, maximum(but not specific)value of each shipment, geographical limits, etc are worked out when the contract is sighed.Each shipment is covered once the assured declares the details.The assured may be authorized to issue against payment a pre-printed insurance certificate which is valid after completion of shipment details and his signature for documentation purposes.33.A warranty is an assurance by one party to a contract of the existence of a fact upon which the other party may rely.It is intended precisely to relieve the promise of any duty to ascertain the fact for himself, and it amounts to a promise to indemnify the promise for any loss if the fact warranted proves untrue.34.Receipt means that the goods have come into the control of the buyer without regard to ownership or to agreement to any aspect of the goods.35.Acceptance means that the buyer has the control of the goods with consent regarding the goods delivered.36.A force majeure event is one that can generally be neither anticipated nor brought under control.37.Private dispute resolution refers to the settlement of dispute privately instead of by litigation.38.Mediation is informal, voluntary process in which an impartial person, trained in facilitation and negotiation techniques, help the parties reach a mutually acceptable resolution.39.Consular invoice: usually a copy or an original of the commercial invoice and transport document that has been recorded and stamped by a consul of the destination country.A consular invoice is a document prepared by the shipper and certified in the country of origin by a consul of the country of importation, e.g., at the consular section of the embassy.It shows the transaction details such as name of exporting firm, name of consignee, country of origin, place of loading, description of goods, quantity, weight/measurement, etc.It is required by the importing country in order for them to compile statistics, to control import, and to check the origin of goods and the credit of exporter.40.Customs invoice: generally a destination country customs form.Such forms duplicate much of the information on the commercial invoice and packing list, and additionally require information or answers to questions of particular interest to customs in determining the admissibility of the goods and assessing duty and/or tax.Such customs invoices are currently required by relatively few countries, and typically only for higher value shipments or shipments of certain commodities, and/or in cases where the importer may be seeking some type of preferential treatment or admissibility by customs.This invoice is required by the destination country in order to clear the goods through Customs, to compile statistics, to verify country of origin for import duty and tax purpose, to compare export price and domestic price, and to fix anti-dumping duty.41.Certificate of origin: a document issued by a government agency, a chamber of commerce or relevant association.An importing country often asks for such a certificate in order to extend preferential duties to goods form acceptable countries, to apply import controls such as sanction, quota, or anti-dumping duty and to collect statistics.42.Pro-forma invoice: a document created in the format of a commercial invoice, but not actually constituting an invoice(i.e., not a demand for the payment of money).It should contain all or most of the information which will or should appear on a prospective commercial invoice should the described transaction materialize.Pro-forma invoice are commonly used as a format for rendering a quotation for the sale of goods, particularly an export sale where the trade terms and/or shipping and other incremental cost must be specially accounted for if they are included within the total transaction price.It is not a record of sales effected already, but a representation of a sales invoice issued before a transaction has been concluded.43.Packing list: a supplement to a commercial invoice to show the details of a shipment when specifications, quantities, weights or contents of individual units in the shipment vary(e.g., car parts).It is used in order to recognize the goods, to clear the Customs, and to check the goods.44.Mate’s receipt: a document issued by the mate of the carrying vessel when loading is completed.Shipper then exchanges the receipt for a B/L at the shipping company.It has no legal authority regarding processing financial settlement of international consignments but merely confirms cargo is placed on board a ship pending issue of a B/L.Part IV: Answer the Following Questions 1.What is international trade? 2.What are the major motivations for private firm to operate international business? 3.What is the most essential motive to pursue international trade? 4.What measures do most companies usually adopt to avoid wild swings in the sales and profits? 5.Pleas give the four major operation forms chosen by most companies.6.What does balance of payments account mean? 7.What are the basic sources of international revenue and expenditure for most countries? 8.Could you find any difference between Direct Investment and Portofolio Investment? If you can, please tell the main reasons.9.What is MNE? What are its synonyms? 10.Please give examples to explain “Services are earnings other than those from goods.” 11.What influences the international operational forms which a company will choose? 12.What limits a firm’s sales?

13.Why is merchandise exports and imports the firs type of foreign operations in which a firm gets involved? 14.What does “royalties” mean? 15.What is “franchising”?

16.What is the definition for contract? What may happen if any party fails to fulfill his contractual obligations? 17.What are the two parties of business negotiations? And give examples as you can.18.Why do the trading parties usually prefer a written contract? What is the difference between a sales contract and a sales(purchase)confirmation? 19.What does the setting up of a contract generally contain? 20.What does the contract proper usually include? 21.Please explain in English what the meaning of chartering is and its character.22.What is time of delivery and what has to be paid attention to in stipulating the time of shipment? 23.Please tell the functions of a bill of lading.24.What are the main kinds of bill of lading in international trade? 1.簡(jiǎn)述國(guó)際貿(mào)易中包裝的重要性及約定包裝條件的意義。2.國(guó)際貿(mào)易中商品運(yùn)輸包裝的要求有哪些？ 3.簡(jiǎn)述運(yùn)輸包裝的分類情況。

4.國(guó)際貿(mào)易中商品銷售包裝的要求有哪些？

5.設(shè)計(jì)和制作銷售包裝時(shí)，應(yīng)做好哪些工作？ 6.條形碼的使用對(duì)國(guó)際貿(mào)易有何促進(jìn)作用？

7.影響定牌生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)生的原因有哪些？其具體做法是什么？ 8.聯(lián)合國(guó)制定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)運(yùn)輸標(biāo)志的原因是什么？其作用有哪些？ 9.買賣雙方制定合同中包裝條款時(shí)應(yīng)注意哪些問題？ 10.各國(guó)法律對(duì)實(shí)際履行作為一種救濟(jì)方法的規(guī)定有何不同？ 11.大陸法、英美法和《公約》對(duì)損害賠償責(zé)任的成立各有什么規(guī)定？ 12.各國(guó)法律對(duì)損害賠償范圍的規(guī)定有何不同？

13.各國(guó)法律對(duì)構(gòu)成解決合同的條件的規(guī)定有何不同？我國(guó)又是怎樣規(guī)定的？ 14.處理理賠工作時(shí)應(yīng)該主要哪些問題？

15.按英國(guó)法規(guī)定，賣方行使停運(yùn)權(quán)有幾種方法？行使停運(yùn)權(quán)時(shí)應(yīng)注意拿幾個(gè)條 件？

16.按《英國(guó)貨物買賣法》的規(guī)定，所交貨物與合同不符違反要件的情況有幾種？

Keys to the questions:

1.International trade is business whose activities involve the crossing of national borders.It includes not only international trade and foreign manufacturing but also encompasses the growing services industry in areas such as transportation, tourism, banking, advertising, construction, retailing, wholesaling, and mass communications.It includes all business transactions that involve two or more countries.Such business relationship may be private or governmental.2.Sales expansion, resource acquisition and diversification of sales and supplies.3.To gain profit.4.To seek out foreign markets and procurement.5.There are four major forms which are the following: Merchandise exports and Imports, Service Exports and Imports, Investment and Multinational Enterprise.6.It is the account which is a summary statement of the flow of all international economic and financial transactions between one nation(eg.the United States)and the rest of the world over some period of time, usually one year.7.Merchandise Exporting and Importing.8.Yes.There are great differences between them.1)direct investment takes place when control follows the investment.It usually means high commitment of capital, personnel, and technology abroad.It aims at gaining of foreign resources and foreign markets.Direct investment may often get higher foreign sales than exporting.And sometimes it involves two or more parties.18 2)While portfolio investments are not under control.And they are used primarily for financial purposes.Treasures of companies, for example, routinely more funds from one country to another to get a higher yield on short term investments.9.MNE is the abbreviation of the multinational enterprise.Its synonyms are NNC(the multinational corporation)and TNC(transnational corporation).10.Examples are travel, transport, fee, royalties, dividends and interest.11.The choice of forms is influenced by the objective being pursued and the environments in which the company must operate.12.It is limited by the number of people interested in a firm’s products and services and by customers’ capacity to make purchase.13.This is because at an early stage of international involvement these operations usually take the least commitment and least risk of a firm’s resources.14.Royalties means the payment for use of assets from abroad, such as for trademarks patens, copyrights, or other expertise under contract known as licensing agreements.Royalties are also paid franchising.15.It is a way of doing business in which one party(the franchiser)the use of a trademark that is an essential asset for the franchisers’ business.16.A contract is an agreement which sets forth bind obligations of the relevant parties.And any part that fails to fulfill his contractual obligations may be sued and forced to make compensation.17.There are two parties of business contract negotiations: oral and written.The former refers to direct discussions abroad;written negotiations often begin with enquiries made by the buyers.18.A written contract is generally prepared and signed as the proof of the agreement and as the basis for its execution.A sales or purchase confirmation is less detailed than a contract, covering only the essential terms of the transaction.It is usually used for smaller deals or between familiar trade partners.19.The setting up of a contract is similar to that of a trade agreement or any other type of formal agreements.It generally contains: 1)the title.The type of the contract is indicated in the title;2)the contract proper.It is the main part of a contract;3)the signature of the contracting parties indicating their status as the seller or the buyer;4)the stipulations on the back of the contract and are equally binding upon the contracting parties.20.It generally contains the time of shipment, the mode of payment described in addition to an exact description of the goods including the quantity, quality, specifications, packing methods, insurance, commodity inspection, claims, arbitration and force majeure, etc.21.It is also called tramp.A shipping by chartering is a freight-carrying vessel which has no regular route or fixed schedule of sailing.It is first in one trade and then in another, always seeking those ports where there is a demand at the moment for shipping space.The shipper 19 charters the ship from the ship-owner and uses it to carry the goods.It falls into 3 kinds: voyage charter, time charter and demise charter.22.The time of delivery refers to the time limit during which the seller shall deliver the goods to the buyer at the agreed place by the agreed methods.There are the following ways to stipulate the time of delivery in the contract.In stipulate the time of delivery we have to pay attention to the followings:(1)The shipment date should be made in such a manner that it facilitates the seller and enables the seller to effect shipment on time and perform the relevant obligations stipulated in the contract.For instance, the seller should be given a period of reasonable time for arranging the supply of the contracted goods.(2)Different shipment period should be fixed, based on the availability of shipping space, for contracted goods of different nature.An unreasonable short time for shipment shall cause no little inconvenience to the seller.(3)According to the relevant stipulations of(Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits): Expressions such as “prompt”;“immediately”, “as soon as possible” and the like should not be used.If they are used banks will disregard them.(4)Unless otherwise stipulated in the credit, the expression “shipment” used in stipulating an earliest and/or a latest shipment date will be understood to include the expressions “ loading on board”, “dispatch”, “accepted for carriage”, “flight date”, “date of post receipt”, ”date of pickup“ and in the case of a credit calling for or allowing a multi-modal transport document the expression “taking in charge”.(5)If the expression “on or about” and similar expressions are used, banks will interpret them as a stipulation that shipment is to be made during the period from the five days before to five days after the specified date, both end days included.The words “to”, “until”, “till”, “from” and words of similar expressions applied to any date or period in the credit referring to shipment will be understood to include the date mentioned.The word “after” will be understood to exclude the date mentioned.The term “first half”, “second half” of a month shall be construed respectively as the 1st to the 15th, and the 16th to the last day of such month, all dates inclusive.The terms “beginning”, “middle”, or “end” of a month shall be construed respectively as the 1st to the 10th, the 11th to the 20th', and the 21st to the last day of such month, all dates inclusive.23.The Bill of Lading has three important functions.a.It is a receipt for goods signed by the shipping company and given to the shippers;b.It is also evidence of a contract of carriage between the shipping company and shippers.In addition, c.it is a document of title because the legal owner of the Bill of Lading is the owner of the goods.For this reason the Bill of Lading can be used to transfer the goods-from one owner to another.“When the exporters complete it, they can write the buyer’s name in the space, “consignee”.This means the consignee is the legal owner of the goods, 20 as named on Bill of Lading.Otherwise the exporters can write “to other” in the consignee space.Underneath “to order” they write the name and address of the agent.Then the agent in the importing country can endorse the bill to the buyer.In this way the importers can transfer the consignment to their customers.This means that there has to be a separate Bill of Lading for each consignee and several consignments can not be consolidated on to one bill.24.There are several types of Bills of Lading which are categorized in different ways.(1).On board B/L and received for shipment B/L According to whether the goods are loaded or not, the bills of lading can be classified into on board(or shipped)B/L and received(or received for shipment)B/L.A shipped on board B/L is evidence that the goods have been loaded on board a certain steamer.It commences with the wording “Shipped in apparent good order and condition”, According to general foreign trade practices, only the shipped on board B/L is accepted by banks for payment under a L/C.(2).Clean bill and unclean bill According to whether there are notes on the B/L, it falls into 2 kinds: clean B/L and unclean B/L.A clean B/L shows that the goods have been shipped on board a vessel in apparent good order and condition, and there is no modification of the shipowner.This bill of lading is called “clean” or “unclaused”.It confirms that the goods have not suffered apparent or outside damage and there does not seem to be any defect in the packing.By issuing clean bill of lading, the shipowner admits his full liability of the cargo described in the Bill under the law and his contract.This type is much favored by banks for financial settlement purpose.Unclean B/L is generally marked “insufficiently packed”, “covers old and stained”, “wet by rain”, “…packed in damaged condition”, “unclean”, “foul”, etc.There are many recurring types of such clauses including inadequate packaging, unprotected machinery, wet or stained cartons, damaged crates, etc.This type of B/L is usually unacceptable to a bank.But not all B/L(s)which are noted are unclean B/L.(3).A straight B/L, An order B/L and A blank B/L According to whether the B/L is transferable, it is divided into 3 kinds: straight B/L, order B/L and blank B/L.A straight B/L is made out so that only the named consignee at the destination is entitled to take delivery of the goods under the bill.The consignee is designated by the shipper.The carrier has to hand over the cargo to the named consignee, not to any third party in possession of the bill.This kind of B/L is not transferable.The shipper cannot pass the bill to a third party by endorsement.So the bill is of very restricted application.When the goods are shipped on a non-commercial basis, such as samples or exhibits, materials in aid of other countries, or when the goods are extremely valuable, a straight B/L is generally issued.21 An order B/L indicates that the bill is made out to the order of or to order of …any person named in such a bill, which may be transferred /negotiated after endorsement.So it is sometimes called transferable B/L.It is because of this that nowadays, it is commonly used in international practice.A blank B/L is also called open B/L or bearer B/L.It refers to the bill in which the name of a definite consignee is not mentioned.The area in B/L calling for the name of the consignee is left blank, with neither the name of the consignee nor the phraseology of “to order” filled in.This kind of B/L can be transferred/ negotiable without endorsement.There usually appear in the box of consignee words like “to bearer” and holder of the B/L can take delivery of the goods against the surrender of B/L, i.e., ownership of the goods passes when the bill is handed over to anyone.(4).Direct B/L, A transshipment B/L, A through B/L According to the modes of transport, it can be divided into 3 kinds.A direct B/L is referred to the consignment carried to the port of destination directly without transshipment.A transhipment B/L is issued by shipping companies when there is no direct service between the port of loading and port of destination, and the ship owner arranges to tranship the cargo at an intermediate port at his expense.This kind of Bill usually bears such a clause “Transhipment to be made”

A through B/L is issued when the entire voyage involves more than one carrier, where the ocean shipment forms only part of the complete journey and, subsequent thereto, the goods have to be carried by other land or sea carriers.The first carrier issues the bill and collects the freight for the entire voyage, and arranges transshipment and forwarding of the goods at the intermediate port.The shipper prefers this kind of B/L because of the trouble having been saved to deal with other carriers by himself.(5).A long form B/L, A short form B/L According to the contents of the B/L, it can be divided into 2 forms: Long Form B/L and Short Form B/L A long form B/L refers to the B/L on the back of which all the detailed terms and conditions about the rights and obligations of the carrier and the consignor are listed as an integral part of the bill.It is more frequently used.A short form B/L is a document which omits the terms and conditions on the back of B/L.(6).A freight prepaid B/L, A freight to be collected B/L According to the time for payment of freight, it can be divided into 2 types.A freight prepaid B/L means that all the freight is paid by the consignor when B/L is issued by the carrier on which “freight prepaid” is indicated.A freight to be collected B/L refers to the B/L on which “freight payable at destination” is indicated.22(7).A liner B/L, A charter party B/L According to the types of the carrying vessels, it can be classified into a liner B/L and a charter party B/L.(8).Other types of B/L Besides the above-mentioned types of B/L there are some other types such as: container B/L;on Deck B/L;stale B/L;groupage B/L;house B/L;antedated B/L and advanced B/L.1.答：包裝重要性體現(xiàn)在以下幾個(gè)方面：

（1）是實(shí)現(xiàn)商品價(jià)值和使用價(jià)值的重要手段，是商品生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)之間的橋梁。

（2）出口商品需經(jīng)過長(zhǎng)距離輾轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)輸，有時(shí)需多次裝卸、搬運(yùn)和存儲(chǔ)，包裝可保證商品質(zhì)量和數(shù)量完整，方便貨物裝卸、搬運(yùn)、儲(chǔ)存。

（3）商品生產(chǎn)過程，包裝是最后一道工序；在流通領(lǐng)域中，包裝具有保護(hù)商品、美化商品、宣傳商品、提高售價(jià)的重要作用，并可作為對(duì)外競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的重要手段。約定包裝條件的意義在于：

（1）不僅起到保護(hù)和美化商品作用，且包裝本身還是貨物說明的組成部分。

（2）按一些國(guó)家法律解釋，如一方違反了所約定的包裝條件，另一方有權(quán)提出索賠，甚至拒收貨物。

2.答：（1）必須適應(yīng)商品特性。（2）必須適應(yīng)各種不同運(yùn)輸方式的要求。（3）必須考慮有關(guān)國(guó)家的法律規(guī)定和客戶要求。

（4）要保證包裝牢固的前提下節(jié)省費(fèi)用，便于各環(huán)節(jié)有關(guān)人員進(jìn)行操作以免使貨物遭受損失。

3.答：（1）按包裝方式，可分為單件運(yùn)輸包裝和集合運(yùn)輸包裝，后者又分為集裝包和集裝袋。

（2）按包裝造型，可分為箱、袋、桶和捆等方式。

（3）按包裝材料，可分為紙制，金屬、木制、麻制品、玻璃制品、陶瓷制品及竹、柳、草制品包裝等。

（4）按包裝質(zhì)地，可分為軟性，半硬性和硬性包裝。（5）按包裝程度，可分為全部包裝和局部包裝。

4.答：（1）便于陳列展銷，以吸引顧客和供消費(fèi)者選購(gòu)。（2）便于識(shí)別商品，以便消費(fèi)者了解，看貨成交。（3）便于攜帶和使用，為消費(fèi)者提供方便。

（4）要有藝術(shù)吸引力，以便吸引顧客、提高售價(jià)、擴(kuò)大銷路。

5.答：（1）包裝的裝潢畫面要美觀大方，富有藝術(shù)吸引力，突出特點(diǎn)，圖案和色彩要適應(yīng)有關(guān)國(guó)家民族習(xí)慣和愛好，便于擴(kuò)大出口。

（2）包裝上的文字說明應(yīng)同裝潢畫面緊密配合，互相襯托，以達(dá)到宣傳和促銷目的，使用文字應(yīng)簡(jiǎn)明扼要，并能讓顧客看懂，必要時(shí)可中、外文并用。

23（3）包裝上標(biāo)簽應(yīng)注意有關(guān)國(guó)家的標(biāo)簽管理?xiàng)l例，尤其是食品、藥品、服裝。（4）銷售包裝還應(yīng)注意條形碼技術(shù)的使用問題。

6.答：（1）有效提高結(jié)算效率和準(zhǔn)確性，也方便了顧客。

（2）有利于提高國(guó)際間貿(mào)易信息傳遞的準(zhǔn)確性，使交易雙方及時(shí)了解對(duì)方 商品有關(guān)資料和本國(guó)商品在對(duì)方的銷售情況。

（3）條形碼的使用是有效促使名優(yōu)商品打入許多國(guó)家超級(jí)市場(chǎng)的前提條件。7.答：定牌生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)生的原因有：

（1）世界許多國(guó)家超級(jí)市場(chǎng)、大百貨公司和專業(yè)商店在其經(jīng)營(yíng)出售商品上標(biāo)有本商店使用的商標(biāo)或品牌，以擴(kuò)大本企業(yè)知名度并顯示該商品身價(jià)。

（2）出口廠商為利用買方經(jīng)營(yíng)能力及商業(yè)信譽(yù)和品牌聲譽(yù)，以提高商品售價(jià)和擴(kuò)大銷路，也采用定牌生產(chǎn)。

我國(guó)出口貿(mào)易中定牌生產(chǎn)具體做法有：

（1）在商品或包裝上，打印上外商所指定的商標(biāo)或品牌，而不標(biāo)明生產(chǎn)國(guó)別和出口廠商名稱。

（2）在商品或包裝上，表明我國(guó)的商標(biāo)或品牌，同時(shí)加注國(guó)外商號(hào)名稱或表示其商號(hào)的標(biāo)記。

（3）在商品或包裝上，采用買方指定商標(biāo)或品牌，同時(shí)注明“中國(guó)制造”字樣。8.答：制定原因?yàn)椋海?）運(yùn)輸標(biāo)志內(nèi)容較多。（2）有時(shí)要加進(jìn)一些不必要項(xiàng)目。

（3）各國(guó)和各種運(yùn)輸方式之間對(duì)運(yùn)輸標(biāo)志的要求差異較大，不能適應(yīng)國(guó)際貨物流動(dòng)量的增加和多式聯(lián)運(yùn)的開展，不利于電子計(jì)算機(jī)在運(yùn)輸和單證流轉(zhuǎn)方面的應(yīng)用。作用有：

（1）減少了運(yùn)輸標(biāo)志內(nèi)容，節(jié)省出口成本、時(shí)間和費(fèi)用。（2）提高計(jì)算機(jī)操作和審單效率，加速船舶和資金周轉(zhuǎn)。

（3）消除因運(yùn)輸標(biāo)志內(nèi)容過多和繁雜而可能造成的失誤和困難，保證交貨的順利進(jìn)行。9.答：

（1）對(duì)包裝要求應(yīng)當(dāng)明確具體，做到明確規(guī)定包裝材料、造型、規(guī)格。除傳統(tǒng)商品外不宜采用“按慣常方式包裝”等含糊包裝術(shù)語。另外，除非買賣雙方對(duì)具體內(nèi)容事先充分交換意見或在長(zhǎng)期業(yè)務(wù)往來中就問題取得一致認(rèn)識(shí)，包裝條款一定要明確具體。

（2）應(yīng)訂明包裝費(fèi)用由何方負(fù)擔(dān)。按慣例，包裝費(fèi)用一般在貨價(jià)之內(nèi)，包裝條款中無須另行訂明。若買方堅(jiān)持要求對(duì)原本不需包裝的商品實(shí)施特殊包裝，導(dǎo)致包裝費(fèi)用超出正常，增加產(chǎn)品成本，或包裝物料剛好構(gòu)成產(chǎn)品成本增加時(shí)，則訂明包裝費(fèi)用負(fù)擔(dān)。若賣方同意接受買方提供包裝，包裝條款中還應(yīng)訂明寄送包裝方法，包裝送達(dá)日期，送交包裝延遲責(zé)任及運(yùn)送包裝費(fèi)用負(fù)擔(dān)等內(nèi)容。進(jìn)口合同中對(duì)包裝技術(shù)性較強(qiáng)的商品通常在單價(jià)后注明“包括包裝費(fèi)用”，以免發(fā)生糾紛。

24（3）明確由何方提供運(yùn)輸標(biāo)志。按慣例，運(yùn)輸標(biāo)志可由買方提供，也可由賣方?jīng)Q定。賣方?jīng)Q定時(shí)可不訂入合同，或只訂明“賣方標(biāo)志”，由賣方設(shè)計(jì)后通知買方。買方提供時(shí)應(yīng)在合同中規(guī)定買方提供時(shí)間，如超過時(shí)間賣方可提出其他補(bǔ)救方法。

（4）明確包裝不良應(yīng)負(fù)的責(zé)任。保險(xiǎn)公司一般不負(fù)責(zé)因包裝不良造成的損失。在包裝條款中，應(yīng)對(duì)包裝不善所造成損失的索賠問題作適當(dāng)規(guī)定，以防止進(jìn)口貨物因包裝不良受到損失，對(duì)儀器、機(jī)器設(shè)備進(jìn)口時(shí)使用的包裝條款，更應(yīng)就索賠問題作出詳細(xì)規(guī)定。10.答：（1）大陸法系將實(shí)際履行作為一種主要的救濟(jì)方法。（2）英美法系將實(shí)際履行作為例外的輔助性的救濟(jì)方法。（3）按《公約》的規(guī)定，當(dāng)事人有權(quán)要求對(duì)方實(shí)際履行合同義務(wù)。

11.答：（1）大陸法系認(rèn)為，損害賠償責(zé)任的成立，必須具備以下三個(gè)條件： 必須要有A、必須要有損害事實(shí)。B、須有歸責(zé)于債務(wù)人的原因。

C、損害是由于債務(wù)人應(yīng)予負(fù)責(zé)的原因造成。

（2）英美法認(rèn)為，只要一方違約，就足以構(gòu)成對(duì)方可以提起損害賠償之訴。（3）《公約》認(rèn)為，損害賠償是一種主要的救濟(jì)方法。

12.答：（1）《德國(guó)民法典》認(rèn)為，損害賠償?shù)姆秶鷳?yīng)包括違約所造成的與實(shí)際損失和所得利益兩方面。法國(guó)法關(guān)于損失賠償?shù)姆秶脑瓌t與德國(guó)法是一致的。（2）英美法認(rèn)為，損失賠償?shù)姆秶?，是使由于債?wù)人違約而蒙受損害的一方，在經(jīng)濟(jì)上能處于該合同得到履行時(shí)同等地位。另外還規(guī)定，一方違約，另一方有 義務(wù)采取一切合理的措施以減少違約造成的損失，否則本來可以合理避免的損 失，不能要求給以賠償。

（3）我國(guó)《涉外經(jīng)濟(jì)合同法》對(duì)損害賠償金額的確定，遵循兩個(gè)原則： A、當(dāng)事人賠償責(zé)任應(yīng)相當(dāng)于另一方所受的損失。

B、賠償責(zé)任不得超過違約方在訂立合同時(shí)應(yīng)當(dāng)預(yù)見到的因違反合同可能造成的 損失。

（4）《公約》對(duì)此也有規(guī)定、A、一方當(dāng)事人違反合同應(yīng)負(fù)的損害賠償額，應(yīng)與另一方當(dāng)事人因他違反合同而 遭受的包括利潤(rùn)在內(nèi)的損失額相等。

B、為限制守約方漫天要價(jià)，還規(guī)定了守約方可以得到的損害賠償“不得超過違反合同一方在訂立合同時(shí)，按照他當(dāng)時(shí)已知道或理應(yīng)知道的事實(shí)和情況，對(duì)違反合同預(yù)料和理應(yīng)預(yù)料到的可能損失”。

13.答：（1）大陸法對(duì)此規(guī)定得比較簡(jiǎn)單。大陸法認(rèn)為，只要合同一方當(dāng)事人不履行其合同義務(wù)時(shí)，對(duì)方就有權(quán)解除合同。

（2）英國(guó)法認(rèn)為，一方違約構(gòu)成違反要件，對(duì)方才可要求解除合同；如果一方 僅僅是違反擔(dān)保，對(duì)方只能請(qǐng)求損害賠償，而不能要求解除合同。美國(guó)法與英國(guó) 法的規(guī)定有些相似。

25（3）《聯(lián)合國(guó)國(guó)際貨物銷售合同公約》認(rèn)為，合同一方不履行義務(wù)構(gòu)成根本性違約，另一方有權(quán)解除合同。

（4）我國(guó)《涉外經(jīng)濟(jì)合同法》認(rèn)為，一方違約，另一方在下列兩種情況下才能 要求解除合同：

A、違約必須導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重影響訂立合同所期望的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益。

B、如果一方在合同規(guī)定的期限內(nèi)沒有履行合同義務(wù)，而且在被允許的推遲履行 的合理期限內(nèi)仍未履行，則守約方可要求解除合同義務(wù)。

14.答：（1）認(rèn)真細(xì)致身后國(guó)外買方提出的單證和出證機(jī)構(gòu)的合法性。（2）認(rèn)真做好調(diào)查研究、弄清事實(shí)、分清責(zé)任。（3）要合理確定損失程度、金額、和賠付辦法。15.答：（1）兩種辦法：

A、通過實(shí)際占有貨物的辦法行使停運(yùn)權(quán)。

B、把行使停運(yùn)權(quán)的要求通知占有貨物的承運(yùn)人和貨物的保管人，但要按賣方的 指示處置貨物。

（2）未收貨款的賣方在行使停運(yùn)權(quán)時(shí)要注意必須符合下列三個(gè)條件： A、賣方已經(jīng)喪失了對(duì)貨物的占有權(quán)。B、賣方必須在買方無力償付時(shí)行使停運(yùn)權(quán)。C、賣方必須在貨物處于運(yùn)輸過程中行使其停運(yùn)權(quán)。16.答：（1）賣方所交貨物不具備商銷品質(zhì)。（2）賣方所交貨物與合同說明不一樣。（3）賣方所交貨物不適合約定的特殊用途。（4）賣方所交貨物與憑樣成交時(shí)的品種不符。（5）賣方所交貨物與合同規(guī)定的品種不同。

（6）賣方所交貨物在數(shù)量上大于或小于合同規(guī)定的數(shù)量。

Part V: Case Study

1.A company concludes a contract under CIF term.It receives a L/C issued abroad on 1 July.The opening date of the L/C is 20 June and the validity of the L/C is 15 August.Suppose that：（1）the L/C stipulates ”Prompt Shipment“，then the latest date of shipment is（）。（2）the L/C stipulates ”Shipment on or about 20th July"，then the date of shipment is（）。（3）the beneficiary starts the shipment on 10 July and finishes it on 12 July.The ship arrives the port of destination on 20 August.The buyer takes delivery of the goods also on 20 August.Then, the date of B/L should be（）.The date of insurance policy should be（）.The time of document presentation should be not late than（）.The time of delivery for the seller is（）。

2.Company CH exported to a Nigerian company a consignment of torches totaling about 60000 pounds.The relevant L/C from Nigeria stipulated, “The goods shall be shipped by six installments from June to November” Company CH shipped the goods in compliance with the prescription of the L/C in June, July and August, and obtained the relevant installment payments.However, in September the goods could not be loaded on board because a heavy typhoon was attacking the coastal area.Then, company CH decided to continue with the shipment in October.When the documents were sent to Nigeria, the Issuing Bank was justified in refusing payment? Please refer to relative stipulations in the UCP 600 and explain the reasons.3.A ship started on its voyage after loading, but in the course of the journey a fire broke out during transit in Hold A, which had been loaded with stationary and tea.The captain ordered his crew to pour water on the fire.It was found out, after the fire was extinguished, that part of the stationery had been burned, the remainder and the tea had been soaked through.Then, what risk would you have covered if you had wanted to be compensated for the losses? 4.A Chinese export company concluded a business with a British agent in 2005 metric tons of commodity at DM 345 CFR Antwerp per metric ton.The time of shipment was November 2005 and February 2006.The agent issued the relevant letter of credit on time, stipulating the latest date of shipment as December31, 2005.The original ship the Chinese company booked, however, came to the port of shipment on December 31.Because of unidentified reasons, the goods were actually shipped on the 18th of January 2006.The Chinese export company put the issuing date of the bill of lading back to December 31, 2005, and obtained payment from the bank against the relevant documents.The ship reached Antwerp in early April 2006.This aroused doubt from the client, who, after inviting the court surveyors, went aboard and examined the logbook.When the client found out that the actual date of shipment was January 18, 2006, he refused to take delivery and claimed compensation from the Chinese export company.How would you settle this issue? 5.In 2005, a certain export company of China sent a group of businessmen to the United States for purchase of equipment.In New York both parties reached an oral agreement on such items as specifications, unit price, and quantity.Upon leaving, the group indicated to the other party that, when they got back to Beijing, they would draw a contract, which would become effective after being signed by both parties.After going back to Beijing, the group found that the clients withdrew their import of the equipment, and thus the contract was not signed and the L/C was not opened, either.The US side urged the Chinese side to perform the contract;otherwise they would lodge a claim with the Chinese side in the US.Please analyze the case and give an opinion on how the Chinese export company was to deal with this case and why? 6.A Chinese trading company E concluded a transaction in steel with a Hong Kong company W on the basis of FOB China Port.Company W immediately resold the steel to Company H in Libya on the terms of CFR Liberia.The L/C form W required the price terms to be FOB China Port and the goods to be directly delivered to Liberia.The L/C also required “Freight Prepaid” to be indicated on Bill of Lading.Why did Company W perform so? What should we do about it? 7.A Chinese import and export company concluded a Sales Contract with a Holland firm on August 5, 2000, selling a batch of certain commodity.The contract was based on CIF Rotterdam at USD 2500 per metric ton.The Chinese company delivered the goods in compliance with the contract and obtained a clean-on-board Bill of Lading.During transportation, however, 100 metric tons of the goods got lost because of rough sea.Upon arrival of the goods, the price of the contracted goods went down quickly.The buyer refused to take delivery of the goods and effect payment and claimed damages from the seller.How would you deal with this case? 8.The ABC Company exported a consignment of silk.As the shipping marks in the relevant L/C were not clear, the person in charge thought that the L/C did not stipulate the shipping marks.He, then, made the shipping marks himself.As a result, discrepancies occurred between the made shipping marks and those stated in the L/C.The buyers, therefore, refused to pay for the documents.However, after negotiation, the buyers agreed to pay only when the ABC Company had reduced the original prices by 10 percent.What lesson can we learn from this case? 9.Mr.Smith, an American businessman, sold a batch of IBM computers to a Hong Kong importer, Mr.Chen.The sales contract was concluded in the United States of America on the terms of CIF Hong Kong.During execution of this contract, disputes arose between the seller and the buyer on the form and interpretation of the contract.In such a case, did the law of the U.S.A.or the law of Hong Kong apply to the disputes? Why? 10.我某外貿(mào)公司向日本商人以D/P見票即付方式推銷某商品，對(duì)方答復(fù)如我方接受D/P見票后90天付款條件，并通過他指定的A銀行代收貨款則可接受。請(qǐng)分析日方提出此項(xiàng)要求的出發(fā)點(diǎn)。

11.一載貨船舶在航行途中不慎擱淺，事后船長(zhǎng)下令反復(fù)開倒車，強(qiáng)行起浮，但船上輪機(jī)受損并且船底劃破，致使海水滲進(jìn)貨艙，造成船貨部分受損。該船駛進(jìn)附近的一港口修理并暫卸大部分貨物，共花一周時(shí)間，增加了各項(xiàng)費(fèi)用支出，包括船員工資共8000美元。船修復(fù)后裝上原貨重新啟航后不久，A艙起火，船長(zhǎng)下令灌水滅火。A艙原載有兒童玩具、茶葉等，滅火后發(fā)現(xiàn)兒童玩具一部分被燒毀，另一部分兒童玩具和全部茶葉被水浸濕。試分析上述各項(xiàng)損失的性質(zhì)，并說明在投保何種險(xiǎn)別的情況下，保險(xiǎn)公司方負(fù)責(zé)賠償？

12.我國(guó)某出口公司向法國(guó)出口貨物一批，合同中的貿(mào)易術(shù)語是CIF MARSEILLES，賣方在合同規(guī)定的時(shí)間和裝運(yùn)港裝船，貨船離港后不久便觸礁沉沒。次日，當(dāng)賣方憑提單、保險(xiǎn)單 28 以及發(fā)票等有關(guān)單據(jù)通過銀行向買方要求付款時(shí)，買方以無法收到合同中規(guī)定的貨物為由，拒絕接受單據(jù)和付款。問：我方應(yīng)該如何處理？

13.某公司向國(guó)外出口一批儀器，合同規(guī)定由買方提供嘜頭，但截至買方提供時(shí)間屆滿為止，仍未見其通知設(shè)計(jì)情況，而該公司貨已備好。問：該公司應(yīng)如何處理此事？

14.某公司以FOB條件出口一批茶具，買方要求公司代為租船，費(fèi)用由買方負(fù)擔(dān)。由于公司在約定日期無法租到合適的船，且買方不同意更換條件，以致延誤了裝運(yùn)期，買方以此為由提出撤銷合同。

問：買方的要求是否合理？

15.某公司以CPT條件出口一批冬裝，公司按期將貨物交給指定承運(yùn)人，但運(yùn)輸途中由于天氣原因延期一個(gè)月，錯(cuò)過了銷售季節(jié)，買方由此向該公司提出索賠。問：此項(xiàng)損失應(yīng)由誰承擔(dān)？

16.我方按CIF 條件進(jìn)口一批床單，貨物抵達(dá)我方后發(fā)現(xiàn)床單在運(yùn)輸途中部分受潮，而賣方已如期向我方提交了合同規(guī)定的全套合格單據(jù)并要求我方支付貨款。問：我方是否能以所交貨物受潮而拒付貨款或向賣方提出索賠？

17.英國(guó)某公司以CFR 條件進(jìn)口一批大豆，在約定日期未收到賣方的裝船通知，卻收到賣方要求該公司支付貨款的單據(jù)。過后我方接到貨物，經(jīng)檢驗(yàn)部分貨物在運(yùn)輸途中因海上風(fēng)險(xiǎn)而丟失。

問：該公司應(yīng)如何處理？

18.我方按CIP 條件進(jìn)口10 頓化肥，先經(jīng)上海運(yùn)輸，抵達(dá)目的港后轉(zhuǎn)為鐵路運(yùn)輸，我方受領(lǐng)貨物后，賣方要求我方支付貨款和鐵路運(yùn)費(fèi)，請(qǐng)問賣方行為是否合理？

19.我方某公司出口一批凍雞，貨物抵達(dá)目的港后經(jīng)海關(guān)檢驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)因包裝不良導(dǎo)致部分凍雞變質(zhì)，外商據(jù)此向我方提出索賠，請(qǐng)問外商做法是否合理？

20.我方某公司從國(guó)外進(jìn)口一批手套，合同上規(guī)定每箱60 雙，共100 箱。貨物運(yùn)抵大連海關(guān)后，經(jīng)檢驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)外商擅自改為每箱50 雙，共計(jì)120 箱。請(qǐng)問我方若據(jù)此提出拒收和索賠是否合理？

Keys to case study:

1.July 1, 15 July-25 July, 12 July, on or before 12 July, 2 August, 12 July 2.The Issuing Bank was justified in refusing payment because it acted in accordance with the relevant stipulations in the UCP 600 stipulates that If drawing and/or shipments by installments within given periods are stipulated in the Credit and any installments is not drawn and/or a shipped within the period allowed for that installment, the credit ceases to be available for that and any subsequent installments??

In this case, the L/C from Nigeria stipulated installment shipments from June to November, and 29 Company CH shipped the goods from June to August and got paid.However, in September Company CH stopped shipping because of a heavy typhoon.In accordance with article 41, the Credit ceased to be availed for the September installment and the subsequent installments, unless otherwise stipulated in the Credit.In this case, as there no other L/C stipulations, the Issuing Bank was right.3.The loss to the stationary pertained to particular average caused by fortuitous accident while the loss to the tea was a partial one, but general average, the losses of G.A.need to be compensated by the interest parties on the proportion value saved??The insurance company will have compensated for the losses if the goods had been insured against F.P.A.4.In this case the Chinese company had to accept the claim.According to international business practice, the date of delivery is one of the essential terms in a contract, which means that, if one party breaches the date of delivery, the other party may ask for compensation from that party.In this case, the seller put back the real date of shipment so as to cheat the buyer and get paid from the relevant bank, thus trying to escape the responsibilities for the delay of shipment.This is not allowed in business practice because the prices in international markets are frequently changing;therefore, time is money.If the buyer had received his goods in time, he might have been able to grasp a good opportunity and achieve a good profit.On the contrary, as a result of delay on the part of the seller, the buyer lost the chance.5.According to Article 11 of CISG: “A contract of sale need not be concluded in, or evidenced by, writing and is not subject to any other requirement as to form.It may be proved by any means, including witnesses.” Though China and the US are both member countries of the CISG, China declared that it won’t be bound by Article 11 and its related articles.That is to say, any kind of contracts in China must be evidencing by writing.In this case, though both companies agreed orally as to the main terms of the sales contract, there is no writing evidencing the contract.This contract, according to Chinese law, is not effective.6 In this case the contract was concluded between Company E and Company W on FOB term, according to which the seller(Company E)ended his responsibilities when he delivered the goods on board the ship at the port of shipment.He did not need to pay for transportation of the goods or the insurance premium.Therefore, it was not right for W to ask E to pay the freight and indicate “Freight Repaid” on the Bill of Lading.The reason why W asked E to do that might be that he wanted to transfer the freight charges to E.However, in practical dealings, foreign trade companies often come across such situations, especially when a contract is concluded with an agent, who wants to resells the goods.In this case, E might comply with W’s request, but he had to indicated that the freight should be borne by W.7.According to Article 11 of CISG: “A contract of sale need not be concluded in, or evidenced by, writing and is not subject to any other requirement as to form.It may be proved by any means, including witnesses.” Though China and the US are both member countries of the CISG, China declared that it won’t be bound by Article 11 and its related articles.That is to say, any kind of 30 contracts in China must be evidencing by writing.In this case, though both companies agreed orally as to the main terms of the sales contract, there is no writing evidencing the contract.This contract, according to Chinese law, is not effective.8.The most important lesson we can learn is that, it is essential for the exporter to present documents in accordance with the stipulations of the relevant LC.In this case, finding the shipping marks illegible on the LC, the export salesman in the ABC Company, instead of asking the buyer for clarification, decided the shipping marks himself.This constituted discrepancy between the documents and the LC.Article 14 of the UCP500 clearly indicates, “When the Issuing Bank authorizes another bank to pay, incur a deferred payment undertaking, accept draft(s), or negotiate against documents which appear on their face to be in compliance with the terms and conditions of the Credit…” It is clear that the documents presented must be in conformity with the stipulations in the L/C.9.The law of the United States of America applies to this contract because:(a)this was a CIF contract;(b)the place of conclusion of the contract was in the USA;(c)the place of the execution of the contract was also in the USA.The seller completed these responsibilities after he delivered the goods at the port of the USA.10.（1）提出將D/P即期改D/P90天遠(yuǎn)期，旨在推遲付款，利其資金周轉(zhuǎn)。

（2）而日商指定A銀行作為該批托收業(yè)務(wù)的代收行，則是為了便于向該行借單，以便早日獲取經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。

在一般的D/P遠(yuǎn)期業(yè)務(wù)中，代收行在未經(jīng)授權(quán)的情況下通常是不會(huì)輕易同意付款人借單的。該日商所以提出通過A銀行代收貨款的原因，當(dāng)然是該商與A銀行有既定融資關(guān)系，從而可取得提前借單的便利，以達(dá)到進(jìn)一步利用我方資金的目的。

11.（1）案中因觸礁造成船底劃破，致使海水滲入貨艙，造成船貨的部分損失以及船舶遇惡劣氣候，導(dǎo)致裝載的某貨主的一部分貨物被海水浸濕的損失，屬單獨(dú)海損； 而因修理船只所花費(fèi)的修理費(fèi)和各項(xiàng)費(fèi)用開支共8000美元屬共同海損。A艙起火使一部分兒童玩具被燒毀屬于單獨(dú)海損；

而因灌水滅火使另一部分兒童玩具和全部茶葉被水浸濕屬共同海損。

（2）在投保了平安險(xiǎn)的情況下，被保險(xiǎn)人有權(quán)就案中所有損失向保險(xiǎn)公司提出賠償要求。

12.本案買賣雙方訂立的是CIF合同。CIF合同的含義是賣方負(fù)擔(dān)貨物在裝運(yùn)港越過船舷前的一切責(zé)任、費(fèi)用和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。2000通則在CIF解釋中的第B5款規(guī)定：“買方負(fù)擔(dān)貨物越過裝運(yùn)港的船舷后一切貨損貨差的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”。因此，貨船在途中沉沒造成的貨物損失應(yīng)由買方負(fù)擔(dān)，買方應(yīng)接受所有單據(jù)并且按合同規(guī)定支付全部貨款。在接受單據(jù)后，買方可以憑單據(jù)向保險(xiǎn)單載明的承保人（保險(xiǎn)公司）索賠，通?？梢垣@得相當(dāng)于貨物價(jià)值1.1倍的賠償。

13.（1）按國(guó)際貿(mào)易習(xí)慣，嘜頭由買方提供時(shí)在合同中應(yīng)規(guī)定買方提供時(shí)間。如超過時(shí)間，賣方可提出其他補(bǔ)救辦法，如自行規(guī)定嘜頭。

（2）該公司在此情況下應(yīng)致電買方詢問延誤原因，請(qǐng)其快速電告所設(shè)計(jì)嘜頭，否則將由該公司自行規(guī)定。

14．買方的要求不盡合理。理由如下：

采用FOB術(shù)語成交，一般由買方負(fù)責(zé)租船訂艙。賣方可以接受賣方的委托代為租船訂艙，但賣方不承擔(dān)租不到船的責(zé)任和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。就此案例來說，因公司代為租船沒有租到，買方又不同意更換條件，因此，該公司不承擔(dān)因自己未租到船而延誤裝運(yùn)的責(zé)任，買方也不能因此提出撤消合同。所以，買方的要求不合理，責(zé)任和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)應(yīng)該由買方自己承擔(dān)。

15.此項(xiàng)損失應(yīng)由買方承擔(dān)，買方不應(yīng)該向該公司提出索賠。以CPT術(shù)語成交時(shí)，風(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移以貨交承運(yùn)人為界，即賣方將貨物交給指定承運(yùn)人，風(fēng)險(xiǎn)即由賣方轉(zhuǎn)移至買方，買方可投貨物保險(xiǎn)以確保損失最小。就本案例而言，該公司已將貨物交給承運(yùn)人，運(yùn)輸途中及后期風(fēng)險(xiǎn)均由買方自己承擔(dān)，因此，該公司可拒絕買方的索賠要求。

16.我方不能因床單受潮而拒付貨款，也不能向賣方提出索賠。理由如下：

（1）采用CIF 術(shù)語成交時(shí)，屬于象征性交貨，賣方是憑單交貨，買方是憑單付款，只要賣方如期向買方提交了合同規(guī)定的全套合格單據(jù)，即使貨物在運(yùn)輸途中損壞或滅失，買方也必須旅行付款義務(wù)。反之，如果賣方提交的單據(jù)不符合要求，即使貨物完好無損地運(yùn)達(dá)目的地，買方仍有權(quán)拒付貨款。就此案例而言，賣方提交了全套合格單據(jù)，我方應(yīng)支付貨款。（2）在CIF 條件下，買賣雙方風(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移界限以船舷為界。貨物越過船舷后的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)應(yīng)由買方負(fù)擔(dān)。就本案例可以看出，貨物越過船舷之前是完好的，因此賣方不承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。我方據(jù)此不能向賣方提出索賠，可依據(jù)所投險(xiǎn)別向保險(xiǎn)公司提出索賠。17.該公司可向賣方提出索賠。理由如下：

按CFR 條件成交時(shí)，盡管貨物在海運(yùn)途中的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)已轉(zhuǎn)移給買方，但買方為降低自己的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)可辦理貨運(yùn)保險(xiǎn)，這取決于賣方是否及時(shí)向買方發(fā)出裝運(yùn)通知。據(jù)慣例解釋，如果賣方未及時(shí)向買方發(fā)出裝運(yùn)通知，導(dǎo)致買方未能及時(shí)辦理保險(xiǎn)手續(xù)，由此引起的損失由賣方負(fù)擔(dān)。就本案例而言，該公司貨物部分丟失是由于賣方未發(fā)出裝船通知而公司未辦理保險(xiǎn)手續(xù)而引起的損失，故此，該公司應(yīng)向賣方提出索賠。

18.按照CIP 條件成交，賣方要承擔(dān)保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)和運(yùn)費(fèi)。因?yàn)镃IP 條件適合于各種運(yùn)輸方式，風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是在承運(yùn)人控制貨物時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)移，所以賣方要負(fù)責(zé)辦理交貨地點(diǎn)到指定目的地的全程運(yùn)輸，而不僅僅是水上運(yùn)輸，因此賣方應(yīng)支付全程運(yùn)費(fèi)。就本案例而言，賣方支付了海上運(yùn)輸?shù)馁M(fèi)用，但并沒有將貨物送往指定目的地，因此還需支付鐵路運(yùn)輸?shù)馁M(fèi)用。由此，我方應(yīng)支付貨款，但不需支付鐵路運(yùn)費(fèi)，賣方行為不盡合理。

19.（1）外商做法是否合理應(yīng)從兩個(gè)方面來看。（2）一般來講，保險(xiǎn)公司不負(fù)責(zé)因包裝不良所造成的損失。所以在進(jìn)口合同條款中外商應(yīng)對(duì)包裝不善造成的損失的索賠問題做出詳細(xì)規(guī)定。若買方已做出規(guī)定，包裝不良造成損失由賣方負(fù)責(zé)，那么外商的做法是合理的。若買方未作具體規(guī)定，則外商做法不盡合理，應(yīng)由雙方協(xié)商解決，或提交仲裁機(jī)構(gòu)解決。20.（1）我方據(jù)此提出拒收或索賠是完全合理的。（2）在國(guó)際貨物買賣中，如一方違反了所約定的包裝條件，另一方有權(quán)提出索賠，甚至可以拒收貨物。由此可知，雖然外商交貨數(shù)量與合同規(guī)定數(shù)量相符，但他的行為違反了合同中的包裝條款，已構(gòu)成違約，我方可以提出拒收或索賠。

Part VI: Calculation 1.Company A in China exports some goods in carton to UK.They quote: USD50 PER CARTON CFR LONDON.But the businessman in UK requires FOBC2 price.To meet his requirement, how much should we offer then?（Suppose：the measurement of the carton is 45CM x 40CM x 25CM;the gross weight for one carton of goods is 35kgs;the calculation standard for freight tariff is W/M;the basic freight rate is USD120 per freight ton;the BAF is 20% and the port surcharge is10%）。2.We import from Australia 1000 bales of wool.the standard weight is 136.08kg each bale.When the goods reach China, the actual weight of a bale is 137.092kg, the actual moisture measuring 11.84%.Then what is the conditioned weight in total should be?(The acceptable international standard regaining water content of wool and raw silk is 11%.)3.我某公司以CIFC3％條件出口一批貨物，外銷價(jià)為每公噸1000 美元，支付運(yùn)費(fèi)80 美元，保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)10 美元。該公司進(jìn)貨成本為每公噸4000 元人民幣，國(guó)內(nèi)直接和間接費(fèi)用加15％。求該商品出口總成本、出口外匯凈收入、出口換匯成本。

4.我方某公司對(duì)外報(bào)價(jià)FOB 價(jià)每公噸500 美元，外商來電要求改報(bào)CIF 紐約含傭金3％，保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)率合計(jì)為0.8％，國(guó)外運(yùn)費(fèi)每公噸60 美元。請(qǐng)計(jì)算我方應(yīng)報(bào)價(jià)。

5.我方對(duì)外報(bào)價(jià)每公噸1000 美元CIF 新加坡，外商來電要求改報(bào)FOB 價(jià)中國(guó)口岸，已知保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)率為0.85％，國(guó)外運(yùn)費(fèi)每公噸75 美元，試計(jì)算我方應(yīng)報(bào)價(jià)。

6.我方某公司對(duì)外商報(bào)價(jià)為CFR 價(jià)1000 美元，外商要求改報(bào)CFRC4％價(jià)，我方應(yīng)報(bào)價(jià)多少? 7.某合同規(guī)定：CIF 香港，每公噸1000 美元，折扣2％。根據(jù)該合同成交的進(jìn)出口業(yè)務(wù)中出口方每公噸凈收入是多少？

8.買賣雙方訂立合同，規(guī)定整套機(jī)械設(shè)備初步價(jià)款為100 萬美元，雙方約定原材料、工資、管理費(fèi)和利潤(rùn)在價(jià)格中的比重分別為50％、30％、20％。簽訂合同時(shí)物價(jià)指數(shù)、工資指數(shù)均為100，交貨時(shí)原材料物價(jià)指數(shù)、工資指數(shù)分別上升至110、112。假設(shè)雙方約定按物價(jià)指數(shù)和工資指數(shù)調(diào)整價(jià)款，那么最終價(jià)格應(yīng)為多少？

Keys to calculation:

1.1）measurement ton of the carton:0.45*0.4*0.25=0.045 2）weight ton of the carton:0.035 3）0.045>0.035 Based on the w/m, so choose the measurement ton 4)FREIGHT= Freight ton x Basic Freight per F/T x(1+additional freight rates)= 0.045*120*(1+20%+10%)=7.02

5)FOB=CFR-F=50-7.02=42.98(USD)

6)FOBC2=FOB/(1-commission rate)=42.98/(1-2%)=43.86(USD)So, we offer USD43.86 PER CARTON FOBC2 CHINA PORTS.33 2.Wa x(1+standard regaining rate of water)Wc =-1 + actual regaining rate of water In which: Wa-Actual Weight Wc-Conditioned Weight

In this case: Wa = 1000 x 137.092 = 137092 KGS standard regaining rate of water = 11% actual regaining rate of water = 11.84% so, Wc = 137092(1+ 11%)/(1+ 11.84%)= 136062.34KGS 3.解：出口總成本＝4000×（1＋15％）＝4600（人民幣元）

出口外匯凈收入＝1000－（80＋10＋1000×3％）＝880（美元）出口換匯成本＝4600÷880≈5.227（人民幣元/美元）

4.解：CIFC3％紐約價(jià)＝（500＋60）÷（1－1.1×0.8％－3％）≈582.6（美元）5.解：fob 中國(guó)岸價(jià)＝1000×（1－1.1×0.85％）－75＝915.65（美元）6.解：CFRC4％價(jià)＝1000÷（1－4％）≈1041.7（美元）7.解：出口方單位商品凈收入＝1000×（1－2％）＝980（美元）8.解：按題意可知P0＝100 萬，A＝20％，B＝50％，C＝30％，M＝110，M0＝100，W＝112，W0＝100 則最終價(jià)格P＝100×（20％＋50％×110/100＋30％×112/100）＝108.6（萬美元）

第三篇：國(guó)際貿(mào)易實(shí)務(wù)習(xí)題答案

10、按一般慣例，凡FOB后未加“理艙”字樣，則由買方負(fù)擔(dān)理艙和平艙的費(fèi)用。

國(guó)際貿(mào)易實(shí)務(wù)習(xí)題

班級(jí)---------姓名--------學(xué)號(hào)---------

一、判斷題

1、在出口貿(mào)易中，表示品質(zhì)的方法多種多樣，為了明確責(zé)任，最好采用既憑樣品，又憑規(guī)格買賣的方法。

（0）

2、在約定的品質(zhì)機(jī)支幅度或品質(zhì)公差范圍內(nèi)的品質(zhì)差異，除非另有規(guī)定，一般不另行增減價(jià)格。

（1）

3、某外商來電要我提供大豆，按含油量18%，含水份14%，不完全粒7%，雜質(zhì)1%的規(guī)格訂立合同，對(duì)此，在一般情況下，我方可以接受。

（0）

4、為了適應(yīng)國(guó)際市場(chǎng)的需要，我出口日用工業(yè)品，應(yīng)盡量爭(zhēng)取按買方樣品達(dá)成交易。（0）

5、溢短裝條款是指在裝運(yùn)數(shù)量上可增減一定的幅度，該幅度既可由賣方?jīng)Q定也可由買方?jīng)Q定，但應(yīng)視合同中的具體規(guī)定而定。

（1）

6、按重量計(jì)量的包裝貨，若買賣合同中未明確規(guī)定是按毛重或按凈重計(jì)算時(shí)，按慣例，應(yīng)按毛重計(jì)。

（0）

7、進(jìn)出口商品包裝上的包裝標(biāo)志，都要在運(yùn)輸單據(jù)上表明。

（0）

8、運(yùn)輸包裝上的標(biāo)志就是指運(yùn)輸標(biāo)志：也就是通常所說的嘜頭。

（0）

9、某輕工業(yè)品進(jìn)出口公司向尼泊爾出口一批燈具，合同上規(guī)定用紙箱包裝，每箱50支，共裝120箱。工廠在進(jìn)行包裝時(shí)認(rèn)為燈具體積較小，每箱裝60支更為合理，這樣可節(jié)約包裝，就擅自改為每箱60支。總量沒有增減。

（0）

（1）

11、在《INCOTERMS2000》中，C組貿(mào)易術(shù)語的主要特點(diǎn)之一是費(fèi)用與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)劃分點(diǎn)相分離。

（1）

12、DES和DEQ這兩種貿(mào)易術(shù)語都屬于實(shí)際交貨。

（1）

13、FOB貿(mào)易術(shù)語的各種變形是為了說明買方在卸貨費(fèi)用上的負(fù)擔(dān)問題。

（0）

14、在CIF條件下由賣方負(fù)責(zé)辦理貨物運(yùn)輸保險(xiǎn)，在CFR條件下是由買方投保，因此，運(yùn)輸途中貨物滅失和損失的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，前者由賣方負(fù)責(zé)，后者由買方負(fù)責(zé)。

（0）

15、按

CIF Ex Ship

’ s Hold New York

條件成交后，賣方應(yīng)負(fù)擔(dān)從裝運(yùn)港到紐約為止的費(fèi)用

和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

（0）

16、我國(guó)從日本進(jìn)口貨物，如按FOB條件成交，需由我方派船到日本口岸接運(yùn)貨物；如按CIF條件成交，則由日方洽租船舶將貨物運(yùn)往中國(guó)港口?？梢?，我方按FOB進(jìn)口承擔(dān)的貨物運(yùn)輸風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，比按CIF進(jìn)口承擔(dān)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)大。

（0）

17、合肥某服裝進(jìn)出口公司與歐洲某進(jìn)出口商洽談出口一批針織品，外商要求用CIF Eoropen Main Ports 的價(jià)格條件報(bào)價(jià)，該服裝進(jìn)出口公司認(rèn)為這樣我們?cè)谛敦浉鄣倪x擇上有更大的靈活性，便欣然接受。

（0）

18、海運(yùn)提單、鐵路運(yùn)單、航空運(yùn)單都是物權(quán)憑證，都可通過背書轉(zhuǎn)證。

（0）

19、海運(yùn)提單、航空運(yùn)單和鐵路運(yùn)單都是承運(yùn)人出具給托運(yùn)人的貨物收據(jù)，因而也都是物權(quán)憑證。

（0）

20、海運(yùn)提單的簽發(fā)日期是指貨物開始裝船的日期。

（0）

21、如合同中規(guī)定裝運(yùn)條款為“97年7/8月份裝運(yùn)”，那么，我出口公司必須將貨物于七月、30、按照我國(guó)保險(xiǎn)公司現(xiàn)行條款規(guī)定，凡已投保戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)險(xiǎn)，若再加保罷工險(xiǎn)則不另行收費(fèi)。

八月兩個(gè)月內(nèi)，每月各裝一批。

（0）

22、凡裝在同一航次及同一條船上的貨物，即使裝運(yùn)時(shí)間與裝運(yùn)地點(diǎn)不同，也不作為分批裝運(yùn)論。

（）

23、空白抬頭、空白背書的提單是指既不填寫收貨人、又不背書的提單。

（0）

24、為了避免貨物中途轉(zhuǎn)船延誤時(shí)間、增加費(fèi)用開支和造成貨損貨差，在按FOB條件進(jìn)口時(shí)，最好爭(zhēng)取在合同中訂上“不準(zhǔn)轉(zhuǎn)船”的條款。

（0）

25、我按CFR貿(mào)易術(shù)語進(jìn)口時(shí)，在國(guó)內(nèi)投保了一些險(xiǎn)，保險(xiǎn)公司的責(zé)任起迄為倉(cāng)至倉(cāng)。（0）

26、在海運(yùn)貨物保險(xiǎn)業(yè)務(wù)中，倉(cāng)至倉(cāng)條款對(duì)于駁船運(yùn)輸造成的損失，保險(xiǎn)公司不承擔(dān)責(zé)任。（0）

27、在國(guó)際貿(mào)易中，向保險(xiǎn)公司投保一切險(xiǎn)后，在運(yùn)輸途中由于任何外來原因造成的一切貨損，均可向保險(xiǎn)公司索賠。

（0）

28、托運(yùn)出口玻璃制品時(shí)，被保險(xiǎn)人在投保一切保險(xiǎn)之后，還應(yīng)加保破碎險(xiǎn)。

（0）

29、所謂“倉(cāng)至倉(cāng)條款”就是指船公司負(fù)責(zé)將貨物從裝運(yùn)地發(fā)貨人的倉(cāng)庫運(yùn)送到目的地收貨人的倉(cāng)庫的運(yùn)輸條款。

（0）

（）

31、我按CIF條件出口坯布500包，根據(jù)合同規(guī)定投保水漬險(xiǎn)。貨在途中因貨艙內(nèi)淡水管道滴漏，致使該批坯布中的60包遭水漬，保險(xiǎn)公司應(yīng)對(duì)此損失負(fù)責(zé)賠償。

（0）

32、船舶在航行途中因故擱淺，船長(zhǎng)為了解除船、貨共同危險(xiǎn)，有意識(shí)地、合理地將部分貨物拋入海中，使船舶起浮，繼續(xù)航行至目的港。上述的擱淺和拋貨的損失均屬共同海損。

（0）

33、倫敦保險(xiǎn)協(xié)會(huì)的貨物保險(xiǎn)條款有6種險(xiǎn)別，其中ICC（A）、ICC（B）、ICC（C）三種險(xiǎn)別能單獨(dú)投保，其他三種險(xiǎn)別不能單獨(dú)投保。

（0）

34、淡水雨淋險(xiǎn)屬于平安險(xiǎn)內(nèi)的一種險(xiǎn)別。

（0）

35、凡是共同海損，都屬于全部損失。

（0）

36、匯票、本票、支票都可分即期的和遠(yuǎn)期的兩種。

（0）

37、在票匯情況下，買方購(gòu)買銀行匯票徑寄賣方，因采用的是銀行匯票，故這種付款方式屬于銀行信用。

（0）

38、在一般情況下匯票一經(jīng)付款，出票人對(duì)匯票的責(zé)任即告解除。

（1）

39、在進(jìn)出口業(yè)務(wù)中，符合“安全、及時(shí)收匯”原則的結(jié)算方式是匯款。（0）

40、信用證（L/C）是銀行應(yīng)進(jìn)口商的申請(qǐng)，向出口商開出保證付款的憑證，因此，進(jìn)口商

應(yīng)承擔(dān)第一付款人的責(zé)任。

（0）

41、在我國(guó)進(jìn)口設(shè)備業(yè)務(wù)中，進(jìn)口單位一般在收到國(guó)外出口商寄來的出口許可證副本或銀行保函或備用信用證后，方可向出口商支付現(xiàn)匯定金。

（）

42、一批中國(guó)出口到美國(guó)舊金山的貨物，信用證規(guī)定不準(zhǔn)轉(zhuǎn)船。我方提交銀行的提單為直達(dá)提單。而船方因故在中途轉(zhuǎn)船，進(jìn)口人聞悉后通知開證行拒付貨款。按規(guī)定開證行無權(quán)拒付。

（）

43、在我國(guó)出口業(yè)務(wù)中，我出口公司收到進(jìn)口人寄來的開證申請(qǐng)書后，即可據(jù)此備貨，委托出運(yùn)。

（0）

44、按國(guó)際商會(huì)《跟單信證用統(tǒng)一慣例》信用證未禁止轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)，即視為允許轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)。

（）

45、國(guó)外開來信用證規(guī)定貨物數(shù)量為3000箱，5、6、7月每月平均裝運(yùn)。我出口公司于5月份裝運(yùn)了1000箱，交單議付，收妥款項(xiàng)。6月份由于貨未備妥，未能裝運(yùn)。7月裝運(yùn)2000箱。根據(jù)現(xiàn)行《跟單信用證統(tǒng)一慣例》，銀行不得拒付。

（0）

46、根據(jù)國(guó)際貿(mào)易慣例，凡信用證上未注明可否轉(zhuǎn)讓字樣。即可視為可轉(zhuǎn)讓信用證。（0）

47、根據(jù)《跟單信用證統(tǒng)一慣例》規(guī)定，未規(guī)定有效期的信用證無效。

（）

48、國(guó)外開來信用證規(guī)定最遲裝運(yùn)期為1998年7月31日，議付有效期為1998年8月15日。我提供的提單簽發(fā)日期為1998年7月20日。我公司于8月14日向議付行交單。按慣例，銀行應(yīng)予議付。

（0）

49、信用證修改通知書有多項(xiàng)內(nèi)容時(shí)，只能全部接受或全部拒絕，不能只接受其中一部分，而拒絕另一部分。

（1）50、只要在信用證有效期內(nèi)，不論受益人何時(shí)向銀行提交符合信用證所要求的單據(jù)，開證銀行一律不得拒收單據(jù)和拒付貨款。

（0）

51、不可撤銷信用證列有裝運(yùn)期，而未列有效期，按《跟單信用證統(tǒng)一慣例》應(yīng)在最后裝運(yùn)期前向銀行交單。

（0）

52、某公司出口電扇1000臺(tái)，紙箱裝，合同和信用證上都規(guī)定不許分批裝運(yùn)。裝船時(shí)有40臺(tái)包裝破裂，風(fēng)罩變形，不能出口。發(fā)貨人認(rèn)為，根據(jù)《跟單信用證統(tǒng)一慣例》中有關(guān)規(guī)定，即使不準(zhǔn)分批裝運(yùn)，只要貨款不超過信用證上的總額，貨物的數(shù)量亦許有5%的增減，據(jù)此裝運(yùn)960臺(tái)也照常辦理議付。

（0）

53、在保兌信用證下，就付款責(zé)任而言，開證行和保兌行同樣負(fù)第一性付款的責(zé)任。（）

54、信用證業(yè)務(wù)中有關(guān)各方處理的是單據(jù)，而不是貨物。

（）

55、托收是通過銀行進(jìn)行的，所以托收是銀行信用。

（0）

56、在下列三種支付方式中，對(duì)賣方來說信用證比較可靠，付款交單（D/P）與承兌交單（D/A）都有不同程度的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，但承兌交單最易為買方接受，有便于達(dá)成交易。所以，在出口業(yè)務(wù)中，應(yīng)擴(kuò)大對(duì)承兌交單的使用。

（0）

57、在承兌交單的情況下，是由代收行對(duì)匯票進(jìn)行承兌后，向進(jìn)口人交單。

（0）

58、出口商品檢驗(yàn)證書的出證日期應(yīng)早于提單日期，保險(xiǎn)單日期不得晚于提單日期。（）

59、進(jìn)口商A公司與某出口商B公司達(dá)成了10，000公噸鐵礦石的買賣，A公司開出的信用證規(guī)定數(shù)量增減不得超過2%，但B公司發(fā)貨了10，500公噸，并要求A公司按10，500公噸付款。B公司的這種要求是不合理的。

（）

66、一般情況下，在以FOB貿(mào)易術(shù)語成交的合同中，貨物的價(jià)格構(gòu)成是（1）①貨物成本 ②貨物成本+運(yùn)費(fèi) ③貨物成本+保險(xiǎn)費(fèi) ④貨物成本+運(yùn)費(fèi)+保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)

二、選擇題

67、按照現(xiàn)行的國(guó)際貿(mào)易慣例解釋，若以CFR條件成交，買賣雙方風(fēng)險(xiǎn)劃分是以

60、下列是對(duì)貿(mào)易合同中關(guān)于商品的數(shù)量和機(jī)動(dòng)幅度的規(guī)定，其中正確的敘述是（1234）①數(shù)量機(jī)動(dòng)幅度一般由履行交貨的一方（即賣方）或是合同中規(guī)定負(fù)責(zé)安排船只的一方選擇 ②買方可以收取也可以拒絕多賣部分的貨物

③若賣方短交，買方應(yīng)允許賣方在一定時(shí)期內(nèi)補(bǔ)交，即使如此，買方也保留損害賠償?shù)臋?quán)利

④允許合同規(guī)定的機(jī)動(dòng)幅度內(nèi)多裝或少裝

61、國(guó)外來證規(guī)定，數(shù)量為10，000公噸散裝貨物，總金額90萬美元。未表明可否溢短裝，不準(zhǔn)分批裝運(yùn)；根據(jù)《跟單信用證統(tǒng)一慣例》（N0.500）規(guī)定，賣方發(fā)貨的（4）①數(shù)量和總金額均不能增減。②數(shù)量和總金額均可增減10%以內(nèi)。③數(shù)量和總金額均增減5%以內(nèi)。

④數(shù)量可以有5%的伸縮，金額不得超過90萬美元。

62、凡貨、樣不能做到完全一致的商品，一般都不適宜（3）①憑規(guī)格買賣 ②憑等級(jí)買賣 ③憑樣品買賣

63、出口羊毛計(jì)算重量的方法通常是按（3）①毛重 ②凈重 ③公量

64、商品包裝重量的計(jì)算方法有（1234）①實(shí)際皮重計(jì)算 ②平均皮重計(jì)算 ③習(xí)慣皮重計(jì)算 ④約定皮重計(jì)算

65、在國(guó)際貿(mào)易中，使用不同的價(jià)格條件成交，貨物的滅失和損壞的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移的地點(diǎn)不同，在下列價(jià)格術(shù)語中，以貨物在裝運(yùn)港越過船舷為風(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移界限的價(jià)格術(shù)語是（123）①FOB ②CIF ③CFR ④DES（3）

①貨物交承運(yùn)人保管為界 ②貨物交給第一承運(yùn)人保管為界 ③貨物在啟運(yùn)港越過船舷為界

68、《INCOTERMS2000》C組貿(mào)易術(shù)語與其他組的貿(mào)易術(shù)語的重要區(qū)別之一是（3）①交貨地點(diǎn)不同 ②風(fēng)險(xiǎn)劃分地點(diǎn)不同 ③風(fēng)險(xiǎn)劃分地點(diǎn)與費(fèi)用劃分地點(diǎn)相分離

69、CFR合同由買方投保，運(yùn)輸途中的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)由買方承擔(dān)，賣方在貨物裝船后如不及時(shí)發(fā)裝船通知，致使買方?jīng)]投保，則運(yùn)輸途中的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)（1）①由賣方承擔(dān) ②仍按慣例由買方承擔(dān)

70、根據(jù)《2000年國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則》解釋按“C”組貿(mào)易術(shù)語簽訂的合同（2）①均屬于到達(dá)合同 ②均屬于裝運(yùn)合同 ③有時(shí)屬于到達(dá)合同，有時(shí)屬于裝運(yùn)合同，視情況不同而定

71、CIF合同的貨物在裝船后因火災(zāi)被焚，應(yīng)由（3）①賣方負(fù)擔(dān)損失 ②賣方負(fù)責(zé)請(qǐng)求保險(xiǎn)公司賠償 ③買方負(fù)責(zé)請(qǐng)求保險(xiǎn)公司賠償

72、CIF與DES的區(qū)別，除前者為憑單交貨，后者為實(shí)物交貨外，（2）①只是風(fēng)險(xiǎn)劃分的地點(diǎn)不同 ②不僅風(fēng)險(xiǎn)劃分的地點(diǎn)不同，還有費(fèi)用負(fù)擔(dān)的不同

73、根據(jù)《INCOTERMS2000》，F(xiàn)CA貿(mào)易術(shù)語（3）①只適用于多式聯(lián)合運(yùn)輸

②既可適用于鐵路和公路運(yùn)輸，又可適用于航空運(yùn)輸

③既可適用于海洋運(yùn)輸和內(nèi)河運(yùn)輸，又可適用于其他運(yùn)輸方式的單獨(dú)運(yùn)輸和聯(lián)合運(yùn)輸 74、根據(jù)有關(guān)規(guī)定和國(guó)際貿(mào)易慣例，一筆以EXW（EX-WORKS）成交的合同，買方應(yīng)承擔(dān)如下義務(wù)（123）①在賣方按合同的規(guī)定將貨物置于買方的控制之下時(shí)，受領(lǐng)貨物并按合同規(guī)定支付貨款 ②承擔(dān)一切進(jìn)出口應(yīng)付的稅費(fèi)

③承擔(dān)賣方為協(xié)助買方取得各種證件所支付的費(fèi)用 ④按照合同規(guī)定提供有關(guān)貨物憑證

75、就賣方承擔(dān)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)而言（3）①CIF比CFR大 ②CFR比CIF ③CIF與CFR相同

76、就賣方承擔(dān)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)而言，在CIF與FOB兩種貿(mào)易術(shù)語中（3）①前者較后者大 ②后者較前者大 ③兩者相同

77、對(duì)于FOB和CIF兩種貿(mào)易術(shù)語，由于買賣雙方所承擔(dān)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)不同，所以我國(guó)把前者稱為“離岸價(jià)格”，后者稱為“到岸價(jià)格”。這種說法是（2）①正確的 ②錯(cuò)誤的

78、在進(jìn)口業(yè)務(wù)中當(dāng)可以使用FOB、CFR或CIF三種貿(mào)易術(shù)語中任何一種時(shí)，我們一般應(yīng)爭(zhēng)取采用（1）①FOB ②CFR ③CIF

79、在一般海運(yùn)出口業(yè)務(wù)中，在CIF、CFR、FOB三種貿(mào)易術(shù)語中。我們應(yīng)該爭(zhēng)取采用（1）①CIF ②CFR ③FOB

80、在FOB條件下，若采用程租運(yùn)輸，如買方不愿承擔(dān)裝貨費(fèi)及理艙費(fèi)，則應(yīng)在合同中規(guī)定：（3）①FOB Liner Terms ②FOB under Tackle ③FOB Stowed

81、按FOB條件達(dá)成的合同，凡需租船運(yùn)輸?shù)拇笞谪浳?，?yīng)在合同中具體訂明

（1）①裝船費(fèi)用由誰負(fù)擔(dān) ②卸貨費(fèi)用由誰負(fù)擔(dān) ③保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)用由誰負(fù)擔(dān) ④運(yùn)費(fèi)由誰負(fù)擔(dān) ⑤駁船費(fèi)用由誰負(fù)擔(dān)

82、就賣方承擔(dān)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)而言，DES和CIF兩種貿(mào)易術(shù)語中（2）①后者較前者大 ②前者較后者大 ③兩者相同

83、以FOB TRIMMED價(jià)格條件成交的貨物裝貨費(fèi)和平艙費(fèi)應(yīng)由（2）①買方負(fù)擔(dān) ②賣方負(fù)擔(dān) ③船方負(fù)擔(dān) ④港務(wù)部門負(fù)擔(dān)

84、按CFR條件成交時(shí)，貨物裝船后，賣方應(yīng)及時(shí)向買方發(fā)裝船通知，這涉及到（2）①賣方的服務(wù)態(tài)度問題 ②發(fā)生損失的法律責(zé)任問題 ③今后業(yè)務(wù)的發(fā)展問題

85、在《2000通則》13種貿(mào)易術(shù)語中，賣方承擔(dān)責(zé)任最小，負(fù)擔(dān)費(fèi)用最小的是（3）①FCA ②FAS ③EXW

86、“FCA”貿(mào)易術(shù)語是指（3）①運(yùn)費(fèi)付至指定目的地 ②運(yùn)費(fèi)、保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)付至指定目的地 ③貨交承運(yùn)人至指定地點(diǎn)

87、CIF Landed London條件是指（3）①出口人承擔(dān)貨物在倫敦碼頭交貨前的一切費(fèi)用和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

②出口人承擔(dān)貨物在倫敦碼頭交貨前的一切費(fèi)用和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，并包括進(jìn)口關(guān)稅 ③出口人承擔(dān)在倫敦的卸貨費(fèi)用

88、在使用下列何種貿(mào)易術(shù)語進(jìn)行交易時(shí)，賣方及時(shí)向買方發(fā)出“已裝船通知”至關(guān)重要，因?yàn)樗鼘⒅苯佑绊戀I賣雙方對(duì)運(yùn)輸途中風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的承擔(dān)（4）①CIP ②FCA ③DES ④CFR

89、清潔提單是指無任何不良批注的提單。這種認(rèn)識(shí)是（2）①正確的 ②不全面的

90、在國(guó)際貿(mào)易中，海運(yùn)提單的簽發(fā)日期是表示（2）①貨物開始裝船的日期 ②貨物已經(jīng)裝船完畢的日期 ③裝船船只到達(dá)裝運(yùn)港口的日期

91、班輪運(yùn)輸?shù)倪\(yùn)費(fèi)應(yīng)該（1）

①包括裝卸費(fèi)，但不計(jì)滯期、速遣費(fèi) ②包括裝卸費(fèi)，但應(yīng)計(jì)滯期、速遣費(fèi) ③包括裝卸費(fèi)和應(yīng)計(jì)滯費(fèi)，不計(jì)速遣費(fèi)

92.海運(yùn)提單承運(yùn)人給托運(yùn)人出具的貨物收據(jù)；是代表貨物所有權(quán)的物權(quán)憑證；是承運(yùn)人和托運(yùn)人訂立的運(yùn)輸契約的證明。這種認(rèn)識(shí)（1）①是確切的 ②是不全面的

93.必須經(jīng)過背書才能進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)讓的提單是（3）①記名提單 ②不記名提單 ③指示提單

94.國(guó)際鐵路運(yùn)單是鐵路與貨主之間的運(yùn)輸契約，也是鐵路在終點(diǎn)站向收貨人核收運(yùn)雜費(fèi)用和點(diǎn)交貨物的依據(jù)（2）①同時(shí)又是物權(quán)憑證 ②但它不是物權(quán)憑證

95.在出口業(yè)務(wù)中采用“倒簽提單”與“預(yù)借提單”有利于及時(shí)收匯和履行合同，根據(jù)這兩種做法的性質(zhì)、國(guó)際慣例和法律原則，我們（3）①可以積極推廣 ②應(yīng)視具體情況適可而止地使用 ③原則上不應(yīng)采用

96.廣東某公司出口一批服裝到A國(guó)，打算以CIF條件對(duì)外報(bào)價(jià)，該公司在考慮運(yùn)費(fèi)時(shí)應(yīng)考慮到的因素有（234）①運(yùn)輸途中可能遭遇的海上風(fēng)險(xiǎn) ②從我國(guó)到A國(guó)的運(yùn)輸距離

③從我國(guó)到A國(guó)是否需轉(zhuǎn)船及可能發(fā)生的費(fèi)用 ④國(guó)際船運(yùn)市場(chǎng)價(jià)格變動(dòng)的趨勢(shì)

97.國(guó)際鐵路聯(lián)運(yùn)所使用的經(jīng)鐵路加蓋戳記的運(yùn)單副本（1）①既是鐵路與貨主之間締結(jié)的運(yùn)輸契約，也是賣方憑以向買方結(jié)算貨款的憑證 ②是鐵路在終點(diǎn)站向收貨人核收運(yùn)雜費(fèi)用和點(diǎn)交貨物的依據(jù)

③既是鐵路與貨主之間的運(yùn)輸契約的證明，又是代表貨物所有權(quán)的憑證

98.國(guó)際多式聯(lián)合運(yùn)輸是以至少兩種不同的運(yùn)輸方式將貨物從一國(guó)境內(nèi)接受貨物的地點(diǎn)運(yùn)至另一國(guó)境內(nèi)指定交付貨物的地點(diǎn)。它是（1）①由一個(gè)聯(lián)運(yùn)經(jīng)營(yíng)人負(fù)責(zé)貨物的全程運(yùn)輸，運(yùn)費(fèi)按全程費(fèi)率一次計(jì)收 ②由一個(gè)聯(lián)運(yùn)經(jīng)營(yíng)人負(fù)責(zé)貨物的全程運(yùn)輸，運(yùn)費(fèi)按不同運(yùn)輸方式分別計(jì)收

③由首程運(yùn)輸方式的經(jīng)營(yíng)人負(fù)責(zé)貨物的全程運(yùn)輸，運(yùn)費(fèi)按全程費(fèi)率一次計(jì)收 99.在國(guó)際貿(mào)易中，運(yùn)輸標(biāo)志是一般由（2）①買方出具 ②賣方出具 ③運(yùn)輸部門出具。

100.在同一航次、同一條船上分批裝運(yùn)出口貨物，因裝運(yùn)港口和裝船日期不同，分別簽發(fā)

了不同裝運(yùn)港口和裝船日期的提單。這種做法不按分批裝運(yùn)處理。這樣的處理是（1）

①符合國(guó)際慣例的 ②不符合國(guó)際慣例的

101.在海洋運(yùn)輸貨物保險(xiǎn)業(yè)務(wù)中，共同海損（3）①是部分損失一種 ②是全部損失的一種 ③有時(shí)是全部損失，有時(shí)是部分損失

102.在國(guó)際貿(mào)易運(yùn)輸保險(xiǎn)業(yè)務(wù)中，單獨(dú)海損僅涉及受損貨物所有人單方面的利益，因而僅由受損方單獨(dú)承擔(dān)損失。這種損失是（1）①部分損失 ②全部損失 ③有時(shí)是全部損失，有時(shí)是部分損失

103.按照倫敦保險(xiǎn)業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)自1983年4月1日起使用的“協(xié)會(huì)貨物條款”，保險(xiǎn)公司對(duì)ICC

（A）、ICC（B）及ICC（C）三種基本險(xiǎn)所承擔(dān)的責(zé)任范圍最大的是：（1）

①ICC（A）②ICC（B）③ICC（C）

104.某貨輪在航行途中，A艙失火，船長(zhǎng)誤以為B艙也同時(shí)失火，命令對(duì)兩艙同時(shí)施救，A艙共有兩批貨物，甲批貨物全部焚毀，乙批貨物為棉織被單，全部遭受水浸，B艙貨物也全部遭受水浸（3）①A艙乙批貨物與B艙貨物都屬單獨(dú)海損 ②A艙乙批貨物與B艙貨物都屬共同海損

③A艙乙批貨物屬共同海損，B艙貨物都屬單獨(dú)海損

105.我公司按CIF條件與國(guó)外客戶達(dá)成一筆出口交易，我公司應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)替國(guó)外客戶投保，按照《INCOTERMS2000》的規(guī)定應(yīng)投保（2）①一切險(xiǎn)加戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)險(xiǎn)

②保險(xiǎn)人承擔(dān)責(zé)任范圍最小的險(xiǎn)別，不應(yīng)包括戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)險(xiǎn) 106.倉(cāng)至倉(cāng)條款是（2）①承運(yùn)人負(fù)責(zé)運(yùn)輸責(zé)任起訖的條款 ②保險(xiǎn)人負(fù)責(zé)保險(xiǎn)責(zé)任起訖的條款 ③出口人負(fù)責(zé)交貨責(zé)任起訖的條款

107.為防止運(yùn)輸途中貨物被竊，應(yīng)該（3）①投保一切險(xiǎn)，加保偷竊險(xiǎn)。②投保水漬險(xiǎn)（即單獨(dú)海損賠償）

③投保一切險(xiǎn)或投保平安險(xiǎn)和水漬險(xiǎn)中的一種，加保偷竊險(xiǎn)

108.按照中國(guó)保險(xiǎn)條款的規(guī)定，一切險(xiǎn)的責(zé)任范圍是：（1）①水漬險(xiǎn)責(zé)任范圍加上一般外來原因所致的全部和部分損失 ②平安險(xiǎn)責(zé)任范圍加上一般外來原因所致的全部和部分損失

③平安險(xiǎn)和水漬險(xiǎn)的責(zé)任范圍加上一切外來原因所致的全部和部分損失

109.信用證是開證銀行應(yīng)進(jìn)口人的申請(qǐng)向出口人開立的。當(dāng)出口人按信用證規(guī)定向銀行要求付款時(shí)，開證銀行（2）①要先征得進(jìn)口人的同意 ②不必事先征詢進(jìn)口人的意見

110.信用證的基礎(chǔ)是國(guó)際貨物銷售合同，而且又是開證行對(duì)出口人的有條件的付款承諾，所以，當(dāng)信用證條款與銷售合同規(guī)定不一步致時(shí)，受益人可以要求（2）①開證行修改 ②開證人修改 ③通知行修改

111.信用證（L/C）是依據(jù)買賣合同開立的，出口商要保證安全收匯，必須做到：（2）①提交的單據(jù)，必須與買賣合同規(guī)定相符 ②提交的單據(jù)，必須與信用證規(guī)定相符

③當(dāng)信用證與買賣合同規(guī)定不一致時(shí)，提交的單據(jù)，應(yīng)以買賣合同規(guī)定為主，也要適當(dāng)參照信用證有關(guān)規(guī)定

112.進(jìn)口商按合同規(guī)定開出信用證（2）①應(yīng)被視為履行了支付貨款義務(wù)

②尚須開證銀行付款后才能被認(rèn)為已履行付款義務(wù)。

113.信用證體現(xiàn)了（2）①信用證的開證申請(qǐng)人與開證銀行之間的契約關(guān)系

②開證銀行與信用證受益人這間的契約關(guān)系

③信用證開證申請(qǐng)人與開證銀行之間的契約關(guān)系，又體現(xiàn)了開證銀行與信用證受益人之間的契約關(guān)系

114.沒有有效到期日的信用證（1）①無效 ②以最后裝運(yùn)日期作為有效到期日

115.所謂信用證“嚴(yán)格相符”的原則，是指受益人必須做到（2）①單證與合同嚴(yán)格相符 ②單據(jù)和信用證嚴(yán)格相符 ③信用證和合同嚴(yán)格相符

116.信用證是進(jìn)口商根據(jù)買賣合同規(guī)定的義務(wù)向銀行申請(qǐng)開立的，信用證的第一付款人（2）

①應(yīng)是進(jìn)口商 ②應(yīng)是開證銀行 ③視信用證的具體規(guī)定而定

117.使用循環(huán)信用證的目的在于簡(jiǎn)化手續(xù)和減少開證押金，這種信用證一般適用于（4）

①金額巨大，需分期付款的成套機(jī)械設(shè)備進(jìn)口的公司 ②中間商用于轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)他人貨物的合同 ③母公司與子公司之間的貿(mào)易合同 ④分批交貨的長(zhǎng)期供貨合同

118.一張金額為10萬英鎊的可撤銷信用證，未規(guī)定是否允許分批裝運(yùn)，裝出價(jià)值為5萬英

鎊的貨物，在將單據(jù)交議付銀行議付后的第二天收到開證銀行撤銷該信用證的通知。此時(shí)（2）

①議付銀行應(yīng)取消議付，并向受益人追索已付的5萬英鎊貨款 ②開證銀行對(duì)已議付的5萬英鎊，仍應(yīng)償付，但其余5萬英鎊立即失效 ③因在撤銷通知到達(dá)前已部分議付，故本證仍然全部有效

119.A公司向B公司出口一批貨物，B公司通過C銀行開給了A公司一張不可撤銷的即期信

用證，當(dāng)A公司于貨物裝船后持全套貨運(yùn)單據(jù)向銀行辦理議付時(shí)，B公司倒閉，于是C銀行（2）

①可以B公司倒閉為由拒絕付款 ②仍應(yīng)承擔(dān)付款責(zé)任

③有權(quán)推遲付款，推遲時(shí)間可由A、C雙主協(xié)商

120.按照《跟單信用證統(tǒng)一慣例》（500號(hào)出版物），信用證（3）①未規(guī)定可否撤銷，即為不可撤銷信用證；未規(guī)定可否轉(zhuǎn)讓，即為可轉(zhuǎn)讓信用證 ②未規(guī)定可否撤銷，即可為撤銷信用證；未規(guī)定可否轉(zhuǎn)讓，即為不可轉(zhuǎn)讓信用證 ③未規(guī)定可否撤銷，即為不可撤銷信用證；未規(guī)定可否轉(zhuǎn)讓，即為不可轉(zhuǎn)讓信用證 ①開兩張匯票，各隨附一套等價(jià)的貨運(yùn)單據(jù)

②開兩張匯票，信用證項(xiàng)下的為光票，全套貨運(yùn)單據(jù)隨附在托收的匯票項(xiàng)下 ③開兩張匯票，托收項(xiàng)下的為光票，全套貨運(yùn)單據(jù)隨附于信用證的匯票項(xiàng)下

129.就賣方收匯安全來說，信用證方式比較可靠，付款交單（D/P）與承兌交單（D/A）都④以上答案都不對(duì)

121.信用證上如未明確付款人，則制作匯票時(shí)，受票人應(yīng)為（2）

①開證申請(qǐng)人 ②開證銀行 ③議付銀行

122.沒有最后裝運(yùn)期的信用證（1）①有效 ②無效

123.使用假遠(yuǎn)期信用證，實(shí)際上是套用（2）①賣方資金 ②付款銀行資金 ③買方資金

124.假遠(yuǎn)期信用證，就出口商的收匯時(shí)間來說，等于（1）①即期信用證 ②遠(yuǎn)期信用證

125.對(duì)出口人來說，假遠(yuǎn)期信用證（3）①等于即期信用證 ②等于遠(yuǎn)期信用證

③收款時(shí)間等于即期信用證，承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)相似于遠(yuǎn)期信用證 126.保兌信用證的保兌行，其付款責(zé)任是：（2）①在進(jìn)口人（開證申請(qǐng)人）不履行付款義務(wù)時(shí)履行付款義務(wù) ②在開證行不履行付款義務(wù)時(shí)履行付款義務(wù) ③承擔(dān)第一性的付款義務(wù)

127.假遠(yuǎn)期信用證又稱買方遠(yuǎn)期信用證，其主要特點(diǎn)是（1234 ①由開證行開出延期付款信用證 ②由受益人開出遠(yuǎn)期匯票 ③由指定的付款行負(fù)責(zé)貼現(xiàn)匯票 ④由進(jìn)口人負(fù)擔(dān)貼現(xiàn)息和費(fèi)用 ⑤由出口人待匯票到期時(shí)收取貨款

128.如付款方式為信用證和D/P即期各半，為收匯安全起見？應(yīng)在合同中規(guī)定（2））

有不同程度的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。其中承兌交單（2）

①最易為買方接受，有利擴(kuò)大出口，所以，在出口業(yè)務(wù)中，應(yīng)擴(kuò)大對(duì)承兌交單的使用 ②雖然最易為買方接受，有利擴(kuò)大出口，但其風(fēng)險(xiǎn)太大，在出口業(yè)務(wù)中，應(yīng)嚴(yán)格控制使用

130.托收和信用證兩種支付方式使用的匯票都是商業(yè)匯票，都是通過銀行收款（1）①但是托收屬商業(yè)信用，信用證屬銀行信用 ②兩者都屬商業(yè)信用 ③兩者都屬銀行信用

131.在國(guó)際貿(mào)易支付中，托收是商業(yè)信用，信用證是銀行信用（2）①托收使用的匯票是商業(yè)匯票，信用證使用的匯票是銀行匯票 ②兩者使用的匯票都是商業(yè)匯票 ③兩者使用的匯票都是銀行匯票

132.匯票有即期和遠(yuǎn)期之分，在承兌交單（D/A）業(yè)務(wù)中（1）①只使用遠(yuǎn)期匯票，不使用即期匯票 ②只使用即期匯票，不使用遠(yuǎn)期匯票 ③既使用即期匯票，也使用遠(yuǎn)期匯票

133.河北某外貿(mào)公司的工作人員因?yàn)樵趯徸C過程中粗心大意，未能發(fā)現(xiàn)合同發(fā)票上公司名

稱與公司印章上的名稱不一致，合同發(fā)票上的是ABC Corporation,而印章則是ABC company，僅一詞之差，此時(shí)又恰逢國(guó)際市場(chǎng)價(jià)格有變，在這種情況下（14）①外商有權(quán)拒絕付款 ②責(zé)任在外商

③外商應(yīng)按規(guī)定如期付款 ④責(zé)任在河北某外貿(mào)公司

134.國(guó)際貨物買賣使用托收方式，委托并通過銀行收取貨款，使用的匯票是

（1）

①商業(yè)匯票，屬于商業(yè)信用 ②銀行匯票，屬于銀行信用 ③商業(yè)匯票，屬于銀行信用 ④銀行匯票，屬于商業(yè)信用

135.托收是出口人委托銀行向進(jìn)口人收取貨款，它所使用的匯票是（1）③請(qǐng)與船公司和中國(guó)人民保險(xiǎn)公司或其代理聯(lián)系。

142.我某糧油食品進(jìn)出口公司與美國(guó)田納西州某公司簽訂進(jìn)口美國(guó)小麥合同，數(shù)量為100萬公噸。麥?zhǔn)涨疤锛{西州暴雨成災(zāi)，到10月份賣方應(yīng)交納時(shí)小麥價(jià)格上漲。美方未交貨。合同訂有不可抗力條款，天災(zāi)屬于該條款的范圍，美方據(jù)此要求免責(zé)。此時(shí)，我方應(yīng)

（2）①商業(yè)匯票 ②銀行匯票 ③有時(shí)使用商業(yè)匯票，有時(shí)使用銀行匯票

136.買賣雙方以D/P遠(yuǎn)期T/R條件成交簽約，貨到目的港后，買方憑T/R向代收行借單提貨，事后收不回貨款（1）①賣方承擔(dān) ②買方承擔(dān) ③托收行承擔(dān) ④代收行承擔(dān)

137.在貨物進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易合同中的商品檢驗(yàn)的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)，一般以下三種規(guī)定辦法，其中何種較為公平合理？（3）①貨物裝船前在出口國(guó)檢驗(yàn) ②在進(jìn)口國(guó)卸貨后檢驗(yàn)

③在出口國(guó)裝船前檢驗(yàn)，憑其檢驗(yàn)憑證議付貨款，貨到進(jìn)口國(guó)的港后買方有復(fù)驗(yàn)權(quán) 138.按照國(guó)際慣例，索賠都有一定的期限，一般說來，超過期限的索賠（1）①無效 ②有效

139.對(duì)歐洲糧食銷售合同規(guī)定為散裝貨，賣方交貨時(shí)采用麻袋包裝，凈重與同規(guī)定相符，價(jià)格不變，貨到后買方提出索賠，這種索賠是（1）①合理的 ②不合理的

140.請(qǐng)?jiān)谙铝猩唐窓z驗(yàn)的作法中，指出哪一種不符目前國(guó)際貿(mào)易中的習(xí)慣做法（2）①裝船前檢驗(yàn) ②運(yùn)輸工具上檢驗(yàn) ③工廠檢驗(yàn) ④買方營(yíng)業(yè)處所檢驗(yàn)

141.我與外商按CIF條件成交某商品1000打，允許賣方有5%溢短裝幅度，我實(shí)際裝1000打（提單也載明1000打），貨抵目的港后，買方即來函反映僅收到948打，并已取得船公司短少證明，向我索賠。我正確答復(fù)應(yīng)是：（3）①同意補(bǔ)裝52打 ②同意退2打貨款

①視構(gòu)成不可抗力，予以免責(zé)，并解除合同 ②視未構(gòu)成不可抗力，堅(jiān)持美方應(yīng)按合同規(guī)定交貨

③視構(gòu)成不可抗力，但不要求損害賠償，亦不解除合同，而要求推遲到下交貨

第四篇：國(guó)際貿(mào)易實(shí)務(wù)課后答案

P90 答：在簽訂合同時(shí)，沒有具體規(guī)定外商提供的設(shè)備規(guī)格、型號(hào)、性能、生產(chǎn)國(guó)別和制造日期，當(dāng)產(chǎn)品與口頭協(xié)定的不符時(shí)，該國(guó)內(nèi)用戶無法向供應(yīng)商要求索賠，起不到很好的法律保護(hù)作用； 也沒有規(guī)定品質(zhì)保證期、檢驗(yàn)機(jī)構(gòu)、檢驗(yàn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和索賠期，該國(guó)內(nèi)用戶顯然簽訂了對(duì)自己極為不利的合同條款，購(gòu)買了沒有品質(zhì)保障的產(chǎn)品。當(dāng)產(chǎn)品出現(xiàn)質(zhì)量問題及需要維修時(shí)，因?yàn)闆]有相關(guān)的規(guī)定，該國(guó)內(nèi)用戶不能很好地用法律保護(hù)自己的利益。我們從中學(xué)到，簽訂買賣合同時(shí)，應(yīng)嚴(yán)格考慮到多方面的問題，明確產(chǎn)品品名條款及質(zhì)量條款等多方面的問題，充分了解對(duì)方的具體信息。在簽訂品名條款時(shí)應(yīng)注意合理性、正確性及明確性。在簽訂品質(zhì)條款時(shí)，應(yīng)對(duì)成交商品的質(zhì)量要求做出全面、確切的規(guī)定。訂立嚴(yán)格的買賣合同，有利于更好地保護(hù)自己的利益。

P128答：國(guó)際貨物的買賣中，合同的簽訂需慎重考慮。每一個(gè)貿(mào)易術(shù)語均有多種變形條款及規(guī)定，所以不能僅依靠一個(gè)貿(mào)易術(shù)語一筆帶過該合同中的裝運(yùn)、滯期費(fèi)、速遣費(fèi)等問題，應(yīng)明確規(guī)定各方的權(quán)責(zé)義務(wù)，以防引發(fā)爭(zhēng)議和糾紛。同時(shí)，對(duì)于確定國(guó)外裝運(yùn)港時(shí)，應(yīng)結(jié)合考慮裝運(yùn)港的特殊因素，如有無直達(dá)班輪航線，港口和裝卸條件以及運(yùn)費(fèi)和附加費(fèi)水平，有無冰封期等，再做出相應(yīng)的規(guī)定。

總之，買賣雙方在明確裝運(yùn)港時(shí)，通常都是從本身利益和實(shí)際需要出發(fā)，根據(jù)產(chǎn)、銷和運(yùn)輸?shù)纫蛩乜紤]的。為了使裝運(yùn)港和目的港條款頂?shù)煤侠?，我們必須從多方面加以考慮，特別是國(guó)外港口很多，情況復(fù)雜，在確定國(guó)外裝運(yùn)港和目的港時(shí)，應(yīng)格外謹(jǐn)慎。

P160 答：保險(xiǎn)公司拒絕是合理的，依照國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則2010，CIF買賣雙方在海上運(yùn)輸中的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，是以貨在裝貨港裝上船為界限來劃分的。即貨物裝船前的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)由賣方承擔(dān)，裝船后的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)由買方承擔(dān)，所以貨物在裝船前對(duì)賣方具有的保險(xiǎn)利益，裝船之后轉(zhuǎn)移到對(duì)買方具有保險(xiǎn)利益。如上所述，不具備保險(xiǎn)利益則得不到保險(xiǎn)賠償，該案中，貨物損失發(fā)生在裝船以前，所以保險(xiǎn)利益歸賣方，買方無保險(xiǎn)利益，所以保險(xiǎn)公司拒賠是有道理的。

P179答：事實(shí)表明，該公司經(jīng)辦人員復(fù)合人員工作粗枝大葉，責(zé)任心差，特別是該公司財(cái)會(huì)人員和中國(guó)銀行工作人員提出質(zhì)疑后，復(fù)合人員還一再堅(jiān)持并無差錯(cuò)，這件事，幸虧中間商非常誠(chéng)實(shí)，尚未釀成太大經(jīng)濟(jì)損失，但對(duì)外卻造成不良影響。錯(cuò)付傭金此類事件時(shí)有發(fā)生，值得我們今后注意。

P237

1、答：本案合同規(guī)定按信用證付款方式成交，而信用證是獨(dú)立于合同之外的一種自足的文件，在信用證付款條件下，銀行處于第一付款人的地位，他對(duì)受益人承擔(dān)獨(dú)立的責(zé)任。由于銀行開出的是不可撤消信用證，而且按一般慣例規(guī)定，銀行只管單證，不管貨物，當(dāng)銀行通知買方付款贖單時(shí)，只要單證一致，作為開證申請(qǐng)人的買方就必須付款贖單。本案合同項(xiàng)下的買方，以上一批交貨質(zhì)量有爭(zhēng)議為由而拒絕向銀行付款贖單，是毫無道理的。因此，法院判決正確。

2、答：.不能。這是因?yàn)?，與UCP600不同，ISP98明確規(guī)定了每次交單均具有獨(dú)立性，即受益人未能按期交單，并不影響下次交單。P253 答：（1）進(jìn)口商的索賠無道理。（2）這個(gè)安全CFR條件下商品質(zhì)檢索賠問題，根據(jù)國(guó)際慣例，按CFR條件成交，買賣雙方的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)界點(diǎn)在裝運(yùn)港的船舷，貨物在越過裝運(yùn)港船舷以前的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)由賣方承擔(dān)，貨物越過船舷之后的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)由買方承擔(dān)；索賠是有期限的，超過索賠期限的索賠，對(duì)方有權(quán)拒絕；索賠是要有索賠依據(jù)的，索賠的商檢證書的開出地點(diǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)符合合同規(guī)定，否則有權(quán)拒絕。（3）結(jié)合本案例：

1、進(jìn)口公司按期議付了貨款，表示我公司產(chǎn)品在目的港后本身沒有問題，也即說明產(chǎn)品的銹損發(fā)生在內(nèi)地，這風(fēng)險(xiǎn)已超過了裝運(yùn)港的船舷，應(yīng)由買方承提；

2、進(jìn)口出具的商檢證書是某內(nèi)地的，并未按合同規(guī)定的在目的港檢驗(yàn)，這不符合合同的規(guī)定；

3、合同中明確規(guī)定貨到目的港后30天內(nèi)檢驗(yàn)，而進(jìn)口公司卻在半年后才發(fā)來檢驗(yàn)證書。憑以上三點(diǎn)：我國(guó)公司可拒絕進(jìn)口客戶的索賠要求。

第五篇：國(guó)際貿(mào)易實(shí)務(wù)課后答案

Chapter5

Ⅰ FOB 班輪條件

FOB liner term 清關(guān)

customs clearance FOB 吊鉤下交貨

FOB Under Tackle平艙

trim 多式聯(lián)運(yùn)

multimodal transport 船舷

ship’s rail 內(nèi)陸水運(yùn)

marine navigation on inland waterway 理艙

stowing shipping space 卸貨費(fèi)

discharge expense 投保

cover/procure/ effect/arrange insurance CFR 卸至岸上（含著陸費(fèi)）

CFR Landed 班輪

liner ships 單據(jù)買賣

documentary sales/ buying and selling of documents CFR 艙底交貨

CFR Ex-ship’s Hold CFR 班輪條件

CFR liner terms 象征性交貨

symbolic delivery Ⅱ

１.Under CFR,buyer should effect insurance.２.Under CIF Ex-Ship’s Hold, the buyer should pay the discharge charges.３.Under CIF,the insured amount should be US ＄22000 if the contracted price is US＄20000.４.Under CIP,seller has to procure insurance against the buyer’s risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the carriage.５.The FAS term requires the seller to clear the goods for export.６.The DEQ term requires the buyer to proceed with the customs clearance for imports and payment of all customs duty.７.Under DDP,the seller must pay the costs of customs duties as well as all duties,taxes and other official charges payable upon exportation and importation of the goods.８.Under DDU the seller must give the buyer instant notice of the shipping of the goods as well as any other notice required in order to allow the buyer to take measure.Ⅲ

１.The price quoted includes ５％ commission on FOB basis.該報(bào)價(jià)為FOB 的價(jià)格并含５％的傭金。

２.Under CPT,CIP,“carrier” means any person who,in a contract of carriage,undertakes to perform or to procure the performance of transport,by rail,road,air,sea,inland waterway or by a combination of such modes.在CPT、CIP 項(xiàng)下，“承運(yùn)人”指在貨物運(yùn)輸合同中承諾通過鐵路、公路、航空、海運(yùn)、內(nèi)河水運(yùn)或多式運(yùn)輸?shù)确绞酵瓿韶浳镞\(yùn)輸?shù)娜恕?/p>

３.Under FCA,the chosen place of delivery has an impact on the obligations of loading and unloading the goods at that place.If delivery occurs at the seller’s premise,the seller is responsible for loading.If delivery occurs at any other place,the seller is not responsible for unloading.在FCA 項(xiàng)下，交貨地的選擇對(duì)貨物的裝船與卸載責(zé)任有影響。如果交貨地基于賣方，賣方有裝載責(zé)任。如果交貨地在其它地方，賣方對(duì)卸載沒有責(zé)任。

４.Under FOB，the seller must deliver the goods on the date or within the agreed period at the named port of shipment and in the manner customary at the port on board the vessel nominated by the buyer．And the buyer must bear all risks of loss of or damage to the goods from the time they have passed the ship’s rail at the named port of shipment．

在FOB 項(xiàng)下，賣方必須在約定的日期或期限內(nèi)，在指定的裝運(yùn)港，按照該港習(xí)慣方式，將貨物交至買方指定的船只上。買方必須自貨物在指定的裝運(yùn)港越過船舷之刻起承當(dāng)貨物滅失或損壞的一切風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

Chapter 6

Ⅰ

１.Sales by Seller’s／Buyer’s Sample

憑賣方樣品買賣／憑買方樣品買賣 ２.Reference ／Duplicate Sample

參考樣品／副樣 ３.Qulity Tolerance

品質(zhì)公差 ４.Counter Sample

對(duì)等樣品

５.More or Less Clauses

溢短裝條款 ６.Neutral Packing

中性包裝 ７.Customs Formality

報(bào)關(guān)手續(xù)

８.Inspection Certificate of Quality

質(zhì)量檢驗(yàn)證書 ９.FDA

美國(guó)食品及藥物檢驗(yàn)局 １０.Marking of Goods 商品標(biāo)志 Ⅱ

１.毛重gross weight ２.理論重量theoretical weight ３.凈重net weight ４.約定皮重computed tare ５.公量conditioned weight ６.單位重量unit weight ７.含水量moisture content ８.習(xí)慣皮重customary tare ９.法定重量legal weight １０.實(shí)際皮重actual tare １１.從價(jià)稅ad valorem duty １２.平均皮重average tare １３.貨樣不符goods not equal to/in conformity with the sample １４.副產(chǎn)品by-products １５.國(guó)家質(zhì)量監(jiān)督校驗(yàn)檢疫總局General Administration of Quality Supervision，Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China Ⅲ（f）mineral ore

A.sample（a）ordinary garments

B.manual（D）fish

C.F.A.Q（E）Haier washing machines

D.G.M.Q（b）medical apparatus

E.famous brand（c）wheat

F.specification（g）calligraphic works

G.inspection（h）power plant generator

H.drawing or diagram Chapter 7

Ⅰ油輪Oil tanker 定程租船Voyage Charter 滾裝船Ro ／Ro vessel 定期租船Time Charter 載駁輪LASH（Light Aboard Ship）光船租船Bare Boat Charter（BBC）船期表sailing schedule 租船合同charter contract 滯期費(fèi)demurrage charge 班輪運(yùn)價(jià)表liner freight rate schedule 速遣費(fèi)dispatch money 選卸附加費(fèi)additional on optional 直航附加費(fèi)direct additional 轉(zhuǎn)船附加費(fèi)transshipment surcharge 港口擁擠附加費(fèi)Port Congestion Surcharge 運(yùn)輸代理freight forwarder 包裹package 拼箱貨LCL（Less than container load）結(jié)匯settlement 整箱貨FCL（Full container load）空運(yùn)單Air waybill 集裝箱貨運(yùn)站container yard 裝運(yùn)通知shipping notice 處置權(quán)right of disposal Partial shipment ／transshipment 分批裝船／轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn) Bill of lading 提單 Clean B ／L 清潔提單 Order B ／L 指示提單

Combined transport B ／L 聯(lián)合運(yùn)輸提單 Blank B／L 空白提單 Straight B／L 記名提單 Through B ／L 聯(lián)運(yùn)提單 Liner B／L 班輪提單

Ante-dated B ／L 倒簽提單 Advanced B／L 預(yù)借提單

Consignment note 陸運(yùn)或鐵路運(yùn)輸通知 Blank endorsement 空白背書 IATA 國(guó)際航空運(yùn)輸協(xié)會(huì)

Combined transport documents 多式聯(lián)運(yùn)單據(jù) FCL ／LCL 整箱交／拆箱接 Ⅱ １.√ ２.√ ３.√ ４.× ５.× ６.√ 7.× Ⅲ

１.海運(yùn)提單上列出了承運(yùn)人和托運(yùn)人之間的權(quán)利和義務(wù)。

２.班輪公司通常把航海時(shí)間表登載在報(bào)紙上或者分發(fā)給托運(yùn)人。３.在多式聯(lián)運(yùn)提單上，卸貨港應(yīng)該是提單許可的中轉(zhuǎn)碼頭。

４.集裝箱收費(fèi)是多種多樣的。例如附加費(fèi)，總費(fèi)率的確定是基本費(fèi)率加上附加費(fèi)率。

５.集裝箱的好處在于： 方便處理貨物，減少盜竊，減少暴露，節(jié)約裝船成本。

Chapter 8

投保人insured 共同海損general average 投保金額insured amount 外來風(fēng)險(xiǎn)extraneous risks 保險(xiǎn)單insurance policy 推定全損constructive total lost 海上風(fēng)險(xiǎn)perils of sea 施救費(fèi)用 sue and labor expenses 救助費(fèi)用salvage charges 意外事故fortuitous accidents 承保人insurer 單獨(dú)海損particular average 保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)insurance premium 航空運(yùn)輸貨物戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)險(xiǎn)air transportation war risk 陸運(yùn)險(xiǎn)land transportation risks 陸運(yùn)一切險(xiǎn)land transportation all risks 估損費(fèi)用risk estimation charges 航空運(yùn)輸一切險(xiǎn)air transportation all risks Ocean marine insurance 海運(yùn)保險(xiǎn) War risks 戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)險(xiǎn) Basic risks coverage 基本險(xiǎn)種 Insured amount 投保金額

T.P.N.D 偷盜、失竊、提貨不著險(xiǎn) Taint of ordr 竄味險(xiǎn)

Overland transportation insurance 陸上運(yùn)輸保險(xiǎn) Parcel post insurance 郵寄包裹保險(xiǎn) Free from particular average平安險(xiǎn) Additional risks coverage 附加險(xiǎn)別

Fresh water and ／or rain damage 淡水雨淋險(xiǎn) With particular average 水漬險(xiǎn) Ⅱ １.√ ２.√ ３.×

４.×Special additional coverage such as war risks,strikes and so on must be taken out together with FPA,WPA.（and all risks）

５.×In essence,open policy is（not）the same as the insurance certificate.６.√ ７.√

８.×Three（two）types of risks are covered by ocean marine insurance,namely the perils of sea,the extraneous risks（去掉and the force majeure）.９.×Ocean marine insurance covers two types of losses,partial loss and total loss →perils of sea and extraneous risks Ⅳ

１.從廣義上來講，海運(yùn)保險(xiǎn)的可保風(fēng)險(xiǎn)應(yīng)包括貨物在海上運(yùn)輸中可能的損失和損壞。

２.戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)條款是保單中的一項(xiàng)條款，用以保因戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)引起損失的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

３.保險(xiǎn)應(yīng)包括水漬險(xiǎn)、偷盜失竊及提貨不著險(xiǎn)和戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)險(xiǎn)。保險(xiǎn)金額為CIF 價(jià)的110％。

如果發(fā)生賠付，賠付地為紐約，賠付款以美元計(jì)價(jià)。

４.倉(cāng)至倉(cāng)保險(xiǎn)所承保的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)包括從貨物因運(yùn)輸目的而離開倉(cāng)庫起經(jīng)運(yùn)輸期間以及到達(dá)目的地倉(cāng)庫（或者到期日前１５ 天）為止，這段時(shí)間內(nèi)產(chǎn)生的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

５.如果保險(xiǎn)人所投保的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)發(fā)生以至產(chǎn)生實(shí)際損失，托運(yùn)人應(yīng)該向保險(xiǎn)人出示單證以取得賠償。

Chapter10

信用狀況

credit standard 遠(yuǎn)期信用證time L ／C,usance L ／C 通知銀行advising bank 信用證有效期the maturity of L ／C 交付運(yùn)單delivery of B ／L 支付保障條款confirmation of credit 支付結(jié)算payment and settlement 申請(qǐng)人與受益人applicant and beneficiary 國(guó)際保理international factoring Ⅱ irrevocable letter of credit 不可撤銷信用證 confirmed L ／C 保兌信用證

revocable letter of credit 可撤銷信用證 sight draft 即期匯票

commercial bill of exchange 商業(yè)匯票 time draft 遠(yuǎn)期匯票

governmental guarantee 政府保函 drawee 付款人

１.Irrevocable L ／C is a letter of credit that cannot be canceled or changed with the consent of all parties involved.２.Time draft is a commercial bill of exchange calling for payment to be made at some time after delivery.３.Drawee is a person or party who is to receive a draft.４.Revocable letter of credit is a letter of credit that can be changed by any of the parties involved.５.Sight draft is a commercial bill of exchange that requires payment to be made as soon as it is presented to the party obligated to pay.６.Confirmed L ／C is a letter of credit to which a bank in the exporter’s country adds its guarantee of payment.７.Commercial bill of exchange is an instrument of payment in international business that instructs the importer to forward payment to the exporter.８.Governmental guarantee is an agreement of the government to be responsible for the fulfillment of someone else’s promise.Ⅲ.L ／C 的全稱是跟單信用證或單證信用證。

信用證是銀行開出的支付承諾。一旦供應(yīng)商／出口商／銷售者達(dá)到信用證條款要求，銀行將替買方／進(jìn)口者支付預(yù)定金額。信用證更正式的名稱是單證信用證，因?yàn)殂y行處理的是單證而非實(shí)物。

既然其正式名稱為單證信用證，信用證上所列的條款都涉及在指定時(shí)間內(nèi)出示指定單證。不同的信用證中買方所要求的單證是不同的，但至少會(huì)包括一張發(fā)票和一張?zhí)釂巍Ｆ渌膯巫C包括： 原產(chǎn)地證明、領(lǐng)事發(fā)票、保險(xiǎn)單證、檢驗(yàn)單以及其他單證。