第一篇：英語(yǔ)要被當(dāng)做選修課嗎

English should be made an optional course in high school.First of all, my answer is no.As a Chinese, we may have been tortured so many years by a demon called English.We have learned English from the simplest ABC to the most complicated academic thesis written in English which is what we are learning now.I’ve heard much enough words like, I really had enough of English, or why should I learn English, I’m a damn Chinese.But I know those are just complaints.As the most commonly used language in the world, English is a road to the whole world.Moreover, it acts a role of fundamental tool to get familiar of splendid culture of some English-speaking nations, as a result, we can eventually broaden our horizon.These are the words our teachers and parents told us like thousands of times whenever we doubt the meaning of learning English.After hearing that, we would soon be energetic again to jump into the sea of English.Why don’t we even try to struggle? Because we all know what they have said are genuinely true and English is a major course we are going to have a test on it.So let’s go back to our topic, if English really become an optional course, what will happen? Obviously, for people who hated English so bad since they were children will absolutely not take English as a major course and soon jump out of bitterness.But don’t be optimistic.Do you really think you will never learn English anymore? You still have to learn English in college.What’s more, you are less likely to pass a CET4, 6 and taking a risk of not getting a bachelor degree.My second point is quitting English will become an excuse for students who don’t even try.They will say like I don’t have the sense or any talent on English, I feel awful every time I saw English letters, so I quit.If taking English as an optional course, lots of students will lack the stimulus of learning it.We’d better not let so many unknown chances ahead of young people slip out just because of temporary laze.Thirdly, for those most outstanding students talented by a sense of other courses,like math or physics.They may be said that they don’t need to learn English.It’s a sort of wasting time for their brilliant brains.I want to point out that they are very a few of millions of high school students.We cannot take those specialties as specimens.Overall, as the development of globalization, we should not take English as an interest we can choose whether we are going to learn or not.Instead, we should regard it as a necessary ability.According to this wide-spread ideology, English course never should be taken as an optional course in high school.

第二篇：英語(yǔ)選修課感想

英語(yǔ)選修課感想

這學(xué)期我選擇的是《大學(xué)英語(yǔ)人文素質(zhì)閱讀教程》。當(dāng)初選擇它的理由是因?yàn)樽约簩?duì)一些英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的歷史背景和一些古希臘神話充滿了一些好奇，所以在選擇的時(shí)候就選擇了這一門(mén)課程。

時(shí)間很快，不知不覺(jué)，這門(mén)英語(yǔ)課程就畫(huà)上了句號(hào)。在學(xué)習(xí)完這門(mén)課程，我心中產(chǎn)生了一些想法，首先，老師教的很到位，滿足了我的求知欲。其次，這本書(shū)設(shè)計(jì)的也很棒，由SectionA,SectionB,SectionC,SectionD四個(gè)部分組成。每個(gè)Section由Preface、Text、Exercises、Knowledge Extension和Great Quote五個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)組成。

Preface部分為200字左右的中文導(dǎo)讀，言簡(jiǎn)意賅地引出文章的主題。Text部分每篇長(zhǎng)度在1000個(gè)單詞左右。課文詞匯以我們平時(shí)的水平為基礎(chǔ)，夾雜少量生詞。題材廣泛深入，揭示了人文精神和人文知識(shí)的內(nèi)涵與實(shí)質(zhì)。

Exercises部分首先循序漸進(jìn)的介紹各種閱讀技能，提高了我的閱讀能力。

次的英語(yǔ)選修課除了讓我們學(xué)習(xí)到了語(yǔ)言知識(shí)，還能啟發(fā)學(xué)生進(jìn)行獨(dú)立思考，培養(yǎng)我們自主學(xué)習(xí)的能力。通過(guò)廣泛探討的形式，鼓勵(lì)我們發(fā)表個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)，將知識(shí)的輸入和輸出相結(jié)合。

讓我們?cè)倭私獠煌幕耐瑫r(shí)，能夠潛移默化地受到情感的熏陶，從而提升人文素質(zhì)，淡化目前英語(yǔ)教育濃厚的功用性，使其不再是單純的應(yīng)付考試，回歸人文學(xué)科的本質(zhì)。

這

The feeling of English Elective Course This semester I choose is “Humanity Quality College English：A Reading Course”.I choose it because of their own for some English speaking countries of the historical background and some ancient Greek mythology is full of curiosity, so in the choice of when you choose this course.Time soon, imperceptibly, the English curriculum draws to a close.After studying this course, I had some idea, first of all, the teacher is in place, to satisfy my curiosity.Secondly, the book design is also very good, by SectionA, SectionB, SectionC, four parts SectionD.Each Se.Each Section consists of Preface, Text, Exercises, Knowledge Extension and Great Quote of five parts.The Preface part is about 200 words Chinese introduction, concise and comprehensive to draw the theme.Text part of each length of 1000 words or so.The vocabulary is based on level of our normal, mixed with a small amount of words.A wide range of subjects in depth, reveals the humanistic spirit and humanistic knowledge connotation and essence.Exercises first part of the gradual introduction of various reading skills, improve my reading ability.This English Elective Courses in addition to let us learn the language knowledge, independent thinking can inspire students, cultivate the ability of autonomous learning.Through extensive study forms, encourage us to express their personal point of view, the knowledge of the input and output combination.Let us understand the different culture at the same time, can influence character by environment by the influence of emotion, so as to enhance the humanistic quality, desalination at present English education strong function, so that it is no longer a simple exam, return to the essence of the humanities.

第三篇：英語(yǔ)作文關(guān)于選修課

英語(yǔ)作文關(guān)于選修課

On Students Selecting Lectures

Nowadays, there is a growing number of universities that allow students to select the teachers of some courses or lectures by themselves, which has a great impact on college study.When selecting lectures, students tend to pay more attention to the fact that whether the teachers are responsible and kind.Sometimes, humor is another essential factor taken into account while selecting teachers for every student is willing to attend interesting lectures instead of boring ones.Students will gain a lot of benefit from selecting lectures.Firstly, they have the flexibility in choosing teachers who they prefer, so they will be more active in these teachers’classes.In addition, this measure promotes students to be more independent and decide their own college learning.On the other hand, selecting lectures also has its negative effect.By doing so, some outstanding professors'classes would attract a great number of students which is beyond the limitation while the others’contain only a few students.So the competition among teachers will become more and more intense.Widely speaking, selecting lectures does much good to college learning as well as the students.二：

With the advance of society and improvement of technology.University is pretty opening,hence, some of the college permit the student to select

lectures.Of cause, if we want to selecting lectures, attention should be paid to.For a start ,the lecture is that exerted a tremendous fascination on you so that you can hard study.Additionly,the teacher should have a sense of humor,consequently,the students will be interesting in this class.The students will bother to studyThere is no denying that , however, selecting lectures can attach the teacher to his students.At the same time, it can promote fellowship between the teacher and the student.It also furnish the student with a good study setting.Accordingly,it look like they are friend when they talk about sth.get together.Along with the advance ofthe selecting lectures more and more problem are brought to our attention , one which is that the teacher may don't respect or some of the teacher will be nelect and so on.All in all, no garden no weeds.It play a positive role in the development of university, despite a slice of unfavorable impacts.We should ,therefore, take advantage of the fruits and avoid the opposites facet.

第四篇：英語(yǔ)選修課語(yǔ)法簡(jiǎn)要講解

語(yǔ)法專題

（一）定語(yǔ)從句

考點(diǎn)一：關(guān)系代詞的用法 1．關(guān)系代詞的作用和分類(1)關(guān)系代詞的作用有三個(gè)：

①連接作用：關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)從句，把它和主句連接起來(lái)； ②替代作用：關(guān)系代詞在從句中替代它前面的先行詞；

③成分作用：關(guān)系代詞在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)成分。(2)關(guān)系代詞的用法分類

關(guān)系代詞的用法分類有三點(diǎn)依據(jù)：

①根據(jù)所引導(dǎo)的從句的限制性和非限制性； ②根據(jù)所替代的先行詞是指人還是指物；

③根據(jù)它在從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞帧髡Z(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。2．易混關(guān)系代詞辨析(1)關(guān)系代詞that和which 先行詞是物時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞that，which一般可以通用，但也有區(qū)別。

1)只能用that的情況

①先行詞為指物的不定代詞(all, nothing, the one, much等)或被不定代詞修飾時(shí)，如： You can take any seat that is free.Tell us all that you know.②先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)，如：

That is the first composition that I've written in English.③先行詞是形容詞最高級(jí)或被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，如： This is the best way that has been used against pollution.④當(dāng)人和物同為先行詞時(shí)，如：

Everyone wants to see the spaceship and the spaceman that made the flight around the earth.⑤關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，如： He is no longer the man(that)he used to be.⑥先行詞被the only，the very修飾時(shí)，如： That is the very pen(that)I am looking for.⑦當(dāng)先行詞是which時(shí)，如：

Which of the two cows that you keep produces more milk? ⑧先行詞為the way/the time/the moment/the first time/the last time等名詞時(shí)，如： I don't like the way(that)he talks.This is the third time(that)he has been late this week.注意：此時(shí)that為關(guān)系副詞，若先行詞沒(méi)有被the first/the last修飾時(shí)，用that和when均可，如：

The time(that)/(when)I saw you was 8：00.(2)關(guān)系代詞as和which as既可指人又可指物，主要用于as…；as…as；the same…as…；such…as…等結(jié)構(gòu)中，在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。引導(dǎo)的從句可位于句中、句首、句末。如：

As is reported in the newspaper，talks between the two countries are making progress.Mary was late for school，as is often the case.as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾整個(gè)句子，而which不僅可修飾整個(gè)句子還可以修飾單個(gè)名詞。如：

The meeting，which was held in the park，was a success.The meeting was a success，as was expected.(3)who和that 先行詞是人時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞可用who(m)，that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，但下列情況一般用who，而不用that。

①先行詞是one，ones，anyone或anybody，those時(shí)，如： Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.②一個(gè)句子中帶有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，其中一個(gè)的關(guān)系詞是that時(shí)，如：

The student that won the first prize is the monitor who speaks English best in our class.③在there be句型中和非限制性句型中，如： There is a person who wants to see you.I met an old classmate yesterday, who is now a manager of a big company.(4)who，whom和whose who指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，whom指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)。作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)who和whom一般可通用，但直接放在介詞之后時(shí)，一般只用whom，不可用who。如：

Take your problem to the person who you think can help you.She is the girl(who/whom)I will go to Shanghai with.＝She is the girl with whom I will go to Shanghai.whose既可指人，也可指物，在從句中作定語(yǔ)。如：

George Orwell，whose real name was Eric Arthur，wrote many political novels.The librarian refused to accept the book，whose cover was gone when it was returned.3．關(guān)系詞的省略

①作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞可以省略，但前面不能有介詞。如： This is the man(who/whom/that)we have talked about.②口語(yǔ)中，關(guān)系副詞可以省略(尤其是先行詞為time，way，reason等時(shí))。如： This is the reason(why)I did it.I don't know the time(that)he arrived.4．限制性和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

①限制性定語(yǔ)從句起修飾限制的作用，是主句不可缺少的一部分，與先行詞無(wú)逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，翻澤成中文常譯成前置定語(yǔ)。如：

Those who want to go，sign their names on the paper.那些想去的人把他們的名字簽在紙上。5．定語(yǔ)從句中的主謂一致

①關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與先行詞保持一致。如： I，who am your friend，will leave for Beijing tomorrow.which和as指代一個(gè)句子時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：

Mary is often late for class，which makes our teacher very unhappy.6．“介詞/介詞短語(yǔ)＋which/whom”中介詞的選擇

關(guān)系代詞前面的介詞使用是根據(jù)與名詞前面的動(dòng)詞搭配關(guān)系和介詞的搭配關(guān)系及句子結(jié)構(gòu)上的需要而定的。如：

We'll never forget the day on which we went camping.(on the day)The woman to whom we spoke is from the USA.(speak to sb.)His glasses，without which he was(＝who was not)like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke.(由句意決定)考點(diǎn)二：關(guān)系副詞的用法

1．當(dāng)先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，要用關(guān)系副詞。其中when＝表示時(shí)間的介詞(如：in，at，during等)＋which；where＝表示地點(diǎn)的介詞(如：in，at，on，under等)＋which；why＝for＋which。如：

I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.(when＝on which)Can you tell me the office where he works?(where＝in which)Do you know the reason why he is absent?(why＝for which)2．高考對(duì)關(guān)系副詞where的考查

高考試題中對(duì)于where的考查趨于復(fù)雜，從先行詞由“明顯的地點(diǎn)”轉(zhuǎn)為“地點(diǎn)的模糊化”。事實(shí)上，對(duì)于where這個(gè)詞，考生不能只理解為表示地點(diǎn)。當(dāng)先行詞表示某人/物的處境，或某事所發(fā)展的階段，或表達(dá)某事的某個(gè)方面時(shí)都可用where這個(gè)關(guān)系副詞。如： The accident had reached to a point where both their parents are to be called in.事情發(fā)展到如此程度，不得不請(qǐng)雙方家長(zhǎng)來(lái)一趟了。試比較下面的句子：

①Do you still remember the days that/which we spent in Qingdao? 3 你還記得我們一起在青島度過(guò)的日子嗎？

②Do you still remember the days when we spent the summer holidays in Qingdao? 你還記得我們?cè)谇鄭u過(guò)暑假的日子嗎？

在句①中，定語(yǔ)從句中缺賓語(yǔ)，因此須用關(guān)系代詞that/which來(lái)引導(dǎo)從句，而在句②中，定語(yǔ)從句中不缺主語(yǔ)，也不缺賓語(yǔ)，因此須用關(guān)系副詞when來(lái)引導(dǎo)從句。2．定語(yǔ)從句與其他句式的比較

It is such a heavy box that he can't lift it.(狀語(yǔ)從句)It is such a heavy box as he can't lift.(定語(yǔ)從句)Is this factory the one in which/where we lived three years ago？(定語(yǔ)從句)Is this factory where we lived three years ago？(表語(yǔ)從句)As is known to the world, Mark Twain is a great American writer.(定語(yǔ)從句)It is known to the world that Mark Twain is a great American writer.(主語(yǔ)從句)That Mark Twain is a great American writer is known to the world.(主語(yǔ)從句)We don't understand the problem why this is the best choice.(同位語(yǔ)從句)The reason that he gave was not right.(定語(yǔ)從句)She did all she could to help him.(定語(yǔ)從句)She is not the girl she used to be.(定語(yǔ)從句)She did what she could to help him.(賓語(yǔ)從句)She is not what she used to be.(表語(yǔ)從句)由以上例句可以看出，分清定語(yǔ)從句與其他復(fù)合句的關(guān)鍵是要掌握先行詞及其后的關(guān)系詞，要看其是否在從句中作成分，是否有意義。3．注意way和time后接定語(yǔ)從句的情況

(1)當(dāng)先行詞是way意為“方式、方法”時(shí)，在定語(yǔ)從句作狀語(yǔ)，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞有下列三種形式。如：

(2)先行詞是time時(shí)，若time作“次數(shù)”講時(shí)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，that可省略；若time作“一段時(shí)間”講時(shí)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞when或介詞at/during＋which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。如： This is the second time(that)the President has visited the country.這是總統(tǒng)第二次訪問(wèn)那個(gè)國(guó)家。

I could hardly remember how many times(that)I've failed.我?guī)缀跤洸磺逦乙咽《嗌俅瘟恕?/p>

This was at a time when/during which there were no radios，no telephones or no TV sets.這是一段沒(méi)有收音機(jī)，沒(méi)有電話，沒(méi)有電視機(jī)的時(shí)間。

語(yǔ)法專題

（二）時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)

一、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的用法 1．一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

(1)由連詞if，unless，however等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間(條件、讓步)狀語(yǔ)從句，需用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)。

However much advice you give him，he will do exactly what he wants.(2)安排或計(jì)劃要做的動(dòng)作(有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))限于begin，come，leave，go，arrive等一類動(dòng)詞。

I arrive in Beijing at 3∶00 p．m.tomorrow.2．一般過(guò)去時(shí)

過(guò)去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的行為，常與every day，often，sometimes等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。

I used to play football when I was young.3．一般將來(lái)時(shí)

(1)will＋do表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常與一些表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用；或表示事物的固有屬性或必然趨勢(shì)。

Fish will die without water.注意：臨時(shí)決定做某事，只能用此時(shí)態(tài)?！猅he lights in the classroom are still on.—Sorry，I’ll go and turn them off.(2)be going to＋do表示即將發(fā)生的或最近打算進(jìn)行的事。此外還表示根據(jù)現(xiàn)在的跡象，對(duì)未來(lái)進(jìn)行推測(cè)。

Look at the clouds.It is going to rain.(3)be about to＋do表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，意為“正要；很快，馬上”。后面一般不跟具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，但是可以由when連接一個(gè)并列句。

We are about to leave.(4)be to＋do表示事先商定、安排或準(zhǔn)備要做的事情；還表示可能性、必要、責(zé)任、義務(wù)、禁止等。

She is to get married next month.(5)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)。表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動(dòng)詞(go，come，leave，start，arrive等)，可用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)。

Uncle Wang is coming.4．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)主語(yǔ)的行為表示贊嘆或厭惡等感情色彩，常與always，constantly，continually等副詞連用。

She is always asking the same question.5．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，或者還要延續(xù)下去，句中常有since，for，yet，already等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)。

Great changes have taken place in China since 1980.6．過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)

過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的過(guò)去某個(gè)階段正在做的事情。He was reading an interesting book this time yesterday.7．過(guò)去完成時(shí)

(1)表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，或者從過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到過(guò)去另一時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。

My teacher had taught in that school for ten years before she came here.(2)表示希望或打算的動(dòng)詞(如hope，want，expect，think，suppose，plan，mean，intend等)的過(guò)去完成時(shí)，后接不定式to do時(shí)，表示未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望或打算，即“本來(lái)希望或打算做某事(但卻沒(méi)做)”。

I had planned to send him a Christmas card，but I forgot to do so.(3)用于下列特殊句型中：

①hardly/scarcely/barely had...done...when...；no sooner had...done...than...。從句中用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，表示“剛剛??就??”。

Hardly had I opened the door when he told me.②It/That/This was the first/second...time＋that從句。that從句要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。It was the second time he had been out with her.8．過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)

過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示從過(guò)去的觀點(diǎn)來(lái)預(yù)計(jì)以后要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，這種時(shí)態(tài)常用于賓語(yǔ)從句中，主句常是一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

He always said that he would study hard at that time.二、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法

1．不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)或難以說(shuō)明時(shí)常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。Street lights are often turned on at six in winter.2．當(dāng)動(dòng)作的承受者比起動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者來(lái)說(shuō)更能引起人們的關(guān)注而需要加以強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

This kind of bicycle is not sold in our shop.3．含有雙賓語(yǔ)的句子，主動(dòng)句中的間接賓語(yǔ)或者直接賓語(yǔ)都可變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的主語(yǔ)，另一個(gè)保留不變。變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)的若是主動(dòng)句中的直接賓語(yǔ)，間接賓語(yǔ)前則需加介詞to或for。

The pianist gave the pupils(間接賓語(yǔ))some advice(直接賓語(yǔ))． →The pupils were given some advice by the pianist.→Some advice was given to the pupils by the pianist.4．在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句中，動(dòng)詞make，have，let，see，watch，hear，feel等后接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞不定式不加to。但變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)后面的不定式都需加上to。

The boss made them work ten hours a day.→They were made to work ten hours a day by the boss.三、注意事項(xiàng)

1．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)用法注意點(diǎn)(1)狀態(tài)性動(dòng)詞不用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。

(2)進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)和副詞always，forever等連用時(shí)，往往帶有一定的感情色彩，如贊揚(yáng)、批評(píng)、不滿、抱怨等。

2．過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別

過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作的未完成性、持續(xù)性，著眼于動(dòng)作的過(guò)程；一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示動(dòng)作的完成，即動(dòng)作發(fā)生過(guò)，且已結(jié)束，著眼于結(jié)果。

She was writing a report last night and I don’t know if she has finished it.(表示昨晚一直在寫(xiě))She wrote a report last night.(表示昨晚寫(xiě)了，并且寫(xiě)好了)3．語(yǔ)態(tài)

(1)動(dòng)詞sell，write，read等與well，smoothly，easily等連用時(shí)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)內(nèi)在的“性能”、“特點(diǎn)”，用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)。

(2)表示狀態(tài)特征的連系動(dòng)詞如smell，taste，feel，sound，look，prove等無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。

(3)不及物動(dòng)詞及一些固定短語(yǔ)不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：come up，run out，give out等。

(4)以被動(dòng)的形式表主動(dòng)意義：有些動(dòng)詞devote，surprise，seat，hide，station，dress等，由于能接反身代詞，因此，可用被動(dòng)形式表主動(dòng)意義。

語(yǔ)法專題

（三）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

一、can和could的用法 1．表示能力

Her mother can speak French.2．表示客觀可能性

Anybody can make mistakes.3．表示許可(多用于口語(yǔ))Can I go now? 4．表示驚異、懷疑、不相信的態(tài)度(主要用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句或感嘆句中)How can you be so careless!5．can的特殊用法

can but只有；can’t but不得不；can’t...too再怎樣也不為過(guò)，越??越好。I can but wait.I can’t but wait.You can’t be too patient to the customers.二、may和might的用法 1．表示允許、請(qǐng)求 —May I watch TV now? —Yes，you may.(Yes，please.)—No，you mustn’t.(No，you’d better not.)2．表示可能性(主要用于陳述句、肯定或否定句，疑問(wèn)句用can代替)The story may not be true.3．表示祝愿(不用might)May you succeed!4．may/might as well最好還是?? You might as well do it now.5．may/might well很可能 He may well be late for class.三、must，have to和ought to的用法 1．must(1)must表示“必須，應(yīng)該，一定要”。強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀看法，只有現(xiàn)在時(shí)形式，否定式是must not(mustn’t)。must開(kāi)頭的問(wèn)句，其否定回答要用needn’t或don’t have to代替。

(2)must表示必然的結(jié)果。All men must die.(3)must還可表示主語(yǔ)固執(zhí)、偏要做他人不希望做的事。It can’t help；he must do that.2．have to著重客觀需要，能用于更多時(shí)態(tài)(過(guò)去時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí))。He will have to be there before ten.3．ought to表示義務(wù)和責(zé)任，“應(yīng)該”，比should語(yǔ)氣要強(qiáng)。You ought to take care of yourself.四、need和dare的用法

1．need表示“需要，必要”，只能用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句。在肯定句中，常用must和have to代替。

2．dare表示“敢”，通常用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中。Dare you go home alone at eleven in the evening? 3．need和dare的特殊用法

(1)need表“需要”時(shí)，可用want，require代替。The desk needs to be repaired./The desk needs repairing.(2)dare作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，在肯定句中要接to，在疑問(wèn)句和否定句中to可省去。He dares to catch a snake.五、will和would的用法 1．will(1)表示請(qǐng)求、建議，常用于第二人稱。Will you please go with me?(2)表示意愿、決定、允許。I will never do that again.(3)表示習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作或某種傾向，“總是，慣于”，通常用于第三人稱。Fish will die out of water.2．would(1)表示請(qǐng)求、建議，比will委婉，指現(xiàn)在時(shí)間，多用于第二人稱。Would you like a cup of tea?(2)表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作或某種傾向。We would play badminton on Sundays.六、shall和should的用法 1．shall(1)用于第一、三人稱，在問(wèn)句中表示征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)或請(qǐng)求。(2)用于第二、三人稱表示命令或威脅。You shall do as your father says.2．should(1)表示責(zé)任、義務(wù)，意為“應(yīng)該”。(2)表示驚訝語(yǔ)氣，意為“竟然”。You should wear slippers in class.(3)用于條件句，表示“假如，萬(wàn)一”，省去if，should可提至句首。Should you be late，apologize to the teacher.七、“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋have done”的用法

1．must have done sth.；can(could)have done sth.(1)must have done sth.表示對(duì)過(guò)去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情的有把握的推測(cè)，意思是“想必、準(zhǔn)是、一定做了某事”，只用在肯定句中。

It must have rained last night，for the ground is wet.(2)can(could)have done sth.表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作的懷疑和不肯定，通常用在否定句和疑問(wèn)句中。

He can’t have forgotten it.2．needn’t have done sth.；didn’t need to do sth.(1)needn’t have done sth.表示已完成不需要完成的動(dòng)作。

You needn’t have waken me up.I don’t have to go to work today.(2)didn’t need to do sth.表示沒(méi)有必要做而實(shí)際上也沒(méi)有做某事。I didn’t need to clean the windows.My brother did it.3．may/might have done sth.may/might have done sth.表示對(duì)過(guò)去已發(fā)生的動(dòng)作的推測(cè)，意為“也許/或許已經(jīng)??”。I’m not sure.He might have said so at the conference.4．should have done sth.should have done sth.表示本來(lái)應(yīng)該做某事而實(shí)際上未做。You should have told him about it.5．had better have done sth.；would rather have done sth.；would like/love to have done sth.(1)had better have done sth.表示事后的建議，含輕微責(zé)備的口吻，意為“當(dāng)時(shí)做了某事就好了”，其否定形式had better not have done sth.表達(dá)相反的含義。

(2)would rather have done sth.表示“寧愿當(dāng)時(shí)做某事”，其否定形式would rather not have done sth.表達(dá)相反的含義，兩者都含有“后悔”之意。

I would rather have taken his advice.(3)would like/love to have done sth.表示過(guò)去愿意做某事，但未做成。

I would love to have gone to the party last night，but I had to work extra hours to finish my report.語(yǔ)法專題

（四）名詞性從句

在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句。名詞性從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組，它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語(yǔ)法功能，名詞性從句又可分別稱為主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。

考點(diǎn)一 whether 與if whether與if 在作“是否”的意思講時(shí)在下列情況下一般只能用whether，不能用if： 1．引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句并在句首時(shí)。

Whether the meeting will be held tomorrow has not been decided yet.2．引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)。

We should discuss carefully the question whether we can finish it on time.3．引導(dǎo)從句作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)。

It all depends on whether they will lend us the money.4．從句后有“or not”時(shí)。

I didn't know whether or not he had arrived in Beijing.5．后接動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)。

I don't know whether to go to the party.考點(diǎn)二 that，what與which 1．that 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何句子成分，只起連接作用，也沒(méi)有任何含義；that 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句一般不作介詞的賓語(yǔ)(介詞but，except，besides，in除外)。

That he failed the exam made me surprised.(主語(yǔ)從句，that不充當(dāng)從句成分)He is a good student except that he is a little careless.2．what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，其意義為“??的人/物/數(shù)目等”，在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)時(shí)what可以分解成“定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞＋關(guān)系代詞”，即常說(shuō)的“先行詞＋that”。

Our income is now double what it was ten years ago.(what 指“??的數(shù)目”)You will know what side effect the medicine brings about.(作定語(yǔ)，意思為“什么樣的”)He lives in what we call“spring city”．(表示“??的地方”)＝He lives in the place that we call “spring city”．

You don't know what good students they are.(表示“多么”，此為感嘆句用于賓語(yǔ)從句中)3．which 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，其意義為“哪一個(gè)”，可指人也可指物，是在已知的具體的人、事、物當(dāng)中進(jìn)行選擇；引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，只能當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞，在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，且只能指物。

Tell me which book you like better，the red one or the blue one？I will buy the book which you choose for you.4．A is to B what C is to D“A對(duì)于B 就像C對(duì)于D 一樣”。Air is to us what water is to fish.空氣對(duì)于我們就像水對(duì)于魚(yú)一樣?？键c(diǎn)三 whoever，who與no matter who 1．whoever有兩個(gè)作用，一是相當(dāng)于anyone who，引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，可以理解為who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾anyone，因此表達(dá)的主體為“任何人”；二是相當(dāng)于no matter who，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。

Whoever comes late should say sorry to our teacher.(是“人”應(yīng)該道歉)2．who引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，有疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)氣，突出表達(dá)“誰(shuí)??”這一件事。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)代替先行詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。

Who came late yesterday was unknown.(是“誰(shuí)遲到”這件事不知道，而不是不認(rèn)識(shí)這個(gè)人)3．no matter who只引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。No matter who you are，you're welcome here.考點(diǎn)四 “疑問(wèn)詞＋ ever”和“no matter＋疑問(wèn)詞”

1．“疑問(wèn)詞＋ever”可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，在從句中要充當(dāng)一定的成分。還可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。Whoever breaks the rule must be punished.However late he comes back，his wife will wait for him.2．“no matter＋疑問(wèn)詞”只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。No matter who breaks the rule，he must be punished.考點(diǎn)五

that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的省略

賓語(yǔ)從句中的連接詞that通?？梢允÷?，但在以下幾種情況中that不能省略： 1．當(dāng)從句前有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)，that不可省略。

We hope，on the contrary，that he will stay at home with us.2．當(dāng)一個(gè)句子有兩個(gè)或多個(gè)并列賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，引導(dǎo)第二個(gè)和以后的賓語(yǔ)從句中的that不能省略。

He said he was wrong and that he would say sorry to me.3．當(dāng)that作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，that不可省略。

The reason lies in that she works harder than the others.4．由it作形式賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中，that不可省略。I think it impossible that he can finish the task in such a short time.考點(diǎn)六 it作形式主語(yǔ)的常見(jiàn)句型

1．It is＋名詞(no wonder，an honor，a good thing，a pity，no surprise等)＋從句。It is no surprise that we will win the match.2．It is＋形容詞(obvious，true，natural，surprising，good，funny，possible，likely，certain等)＋從句。

It is certain that he will come.3．It＋be＋過(guò)去分詞(said，reported，thought，expected，decided，announced 等)＋從句。

It is said that Mr Smith has arrived.考點(diǎn)七 doubt 后面的從句

doubt用于肯定句時(shí)，其后的賓語(yǔ)從句用whether/if引導(dǎo)，同位語(yǔ)從句用whether引導(dǎo)；用于否定句時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句都用that引導(dǎo)。

There is no doubt that we will have an exam next week.I doubt whether/if Tom will recover.

第五篇：快樂(lè)英語(yǔ)選修課總結(jié)

快樂(lè)英語(yǔ)選修課總結(jié)

一、學(xué)生情況總結(jié) 班上共有42個(gè)學(xué)生，他們都是對(duì)英語(yǔ)感興趣的學(xué)生，英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)還不錯(cuò)。主要是周二下午上兩節(jié)課。

二、上課內(nèi)容形式概括和總結(jié) 我給他們選擇的上課內(nèi)容是新東方英語(yǔ)故事閱讀和演講。《泡泡劍橋兒童英語(yǔ)故事閱讀3》優(yōu)勢(shì)： 幫助孩子獲得發(fā)現(xiàn)愛(ài)、感受愛(ài)、付出愛(ài)的能力！幸福人生的密碼不在于讓孩子贏在起跑線上，而是讓孩子在童年時(shí)就獲得發(fā)現(xiàn)愛(ài)、感受愛(ài)、付出愛(ài)的能力。本叢書(shū)旨在引導(dǎo)孩子用健康、幽默、積極、樂(lè)觀的心態(tài)去認(rèn)知身邊的事物。幫助孩子愛(ài)上閱讀，愛(ài)上英語(yǔ)！本叢書(shū)中的每個(gè)故事都貼近兒童的現(xiàn)實(shí)生活與想象世界，能使孩子在心靈的深處獲得對(duì)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言美的體驗(yàn)。故事中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的核心詞匯、具有韻律美的句式表達(dá)，讓孩子從零開(kāi)始快樂(lè)學(xué)英語(yǔ)，掌握最簡(jiǎn)潔、地道的英語(yǔ)表達(dá)。尊重孩子的想象與創(chuàng)意，通過(guò)閱讀激發(fā)孩子的靈感和創(chuàng)造力！

沒(méi)有想象就沒(méi)有靈感和創(chuàng)造力。我們常常在不經(jīng)意間打擊或傷害了孩子的想象與創(chuàng)意。保護(hù)孩子的想象力、珍視孩子的靈感和創(chuàng)造力就從本叢書(shū)開(kāi)始吧！符合兒童特點(diǎn)的趣味英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)，讓孩子在閱讀中愛(ài)上英語(yǔ)！《泡泡劍橋兒童英語(yǔ)故事閱讀》致力于教會(huì)孩子感知愛(ài)、理解愛(ài)、分享愛(ài)，教會(huì)孩子與他人、與動(dòng)物、與自然和諧相處，激發(fā)孩子的想象力與洞察力，帶領(lǐng)孩子更深切地去感受這豐富多彩的世界。

成為孩子一生中難忘的記憶。18本故事書(shū)+1本教師/親子指南+1張光盤(pán)。光盤(pán)中的故事由眾多朗讀者共同完成，可使孩子熟悉多樣的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)音，是孩子睡前最好的聲音陪伴。教師/親子指南可幫助更好地理解故事內(nèi)涵，可復(fù)印或裁剪的資料供孩子游戲、表演使用，增強(qiáng)學(xué)習(xí)效果。反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的常用詞匯、具有韻律美的句式表達(dá)有助于提高孩子的聽(tīng)說(shuō)能力，幫助孩子自信地用英語(yǔ)講故事。故事貼近孩子生活，主題明確，插圖精美，通過(guò)圖文培育孩子對(duì)美的認(rèn)知能力。下個(gè)學(xué)期將繼續(xù)教授《泡泡劍橋兒童英語(yǔ)故事閱讀4》。

三、學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)成果總結(jié) 我輔導(dǎo)的歐陽(yáng)婭妮同學(xué)參加天元區(qū)教育局師生同講故事比賽同獲一等獎(jiǎng)。我輔導(dǎo)的李湛媛、歐陽(yáng)婭妮、賀云飛同學(xué)參加天元區(qū)活力杯記憶模仿大賽獲一等獎(jiǎng)。在學(xué)校舉行的英語(yǔ)歌曲卡拉OK大賽，選修班的王斯邁爾、歐陽(yáng)婭妮、汪予絲、莫景萱、段宇馨同學(xué)演唱的《Jingle bells》獲一等獎(jiǎng)。李湛媛、吳淺悠、肖雨薇、吳芊慧《 We wish you merry christmas》獲一等獎(jiǎng)。

四、心得體會(huì)經(jīng)驗(yàn)總結(jié) 快樂(lè)英語(yǔ)班的宗旨是，讓學(xué)生在快樂(lè)的氛圍中學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)，因?yàn)闆](méi)有考試和分?jǐn)?shù)孩子們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)的過(guò)程中沒(méi)有壓力和負(fù)擔(dān)。在開(kāi)課前就訂好教學(xué)的計(jì)劃是很有必要的，目標(biāo)多以培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)秀、英語(yǔ)歌曲、英語(yǔ)話劇、英語(yǔ)演講為主。給孩子提供好的比賽的素材，當(dāng)機(jī)會(huì)來(lái)臨的時(shí)候，他們都會(huì)是有備而來(lái)的參加比賽。在以后的工作中多收集這方面的素材。