第一篇:小學一年級英語語法
英語 一年級第一學期 Hi/Hello,…(打招呼)[Hi,Tommy.] 2 Good morning, …
I’m …(跟某人介紹自己)[Good morning,Miss Wang.I’m Tommy.] 3 What’s your name?(問人家名字)4 Who’s he?(介紹第三人<男性>)[Who’s he? He’s Mr King./He’s my father.] 5 Who’s she?(介紹第三人<女性>)[Who’s she? She’s Tom’s mother.] 6 Who are you? I’m ….(介紹自己身份)[Who are you? I’m a postman.] 7 Are you…?Yes,I am./No,I’m not.(問人家的職業(yè))[Are you a milkman?] 8 What’s this/that in English? It’s…(用英語單詞說一東西)[What’s this in English? Panda.] 9 Is it …?(它是…嗎?Yes,it is./No,it isn’t.[Is it a cat? Yes,It’s Molly,a cat.] 10 Is it your …?Yes,it is./No,it isn’t.(它是你的…嗎?)[Is it your peach?Yes,it is.] 11 My T-shirt is….(介紹襯衫是…的)[My T-shirt is black/long.] 12 What colour is …?It’s ….(東西是…顏色的?)[What colour is my coat?Green.] 13 I’ve got …(我有…)[I’ve got a new pencil-box.] 14 Have you got…?Yes,I have./No,I haven’t.(你有…嗎?)[Have you got a sharpener?Yes,here you are.] 英語 一年級第二期 I’m not…(我不是…)[Hello,Tommy.I’m not Tommy.Sorry,Sandy.] 2 This is …(這是…)[This is my New Year’s gift.] 3 That is …(那是…)[That is the Huangpu River.] 4 He’s /She’s got …(他/她有…)[He’s got a big head.] 5 Has he/she got …Yes,he/she has.No,he/she hasn’t.(他/她有…嗎?)[Has she got long hair?No.She’s got short hair.] 6 He’s/She’s/It’s ….(他/她/它是…)[He’s tall.] 7 I can smell/see …(我能聞到/看見…)[I can see the fish.] 8 It’s not ….It’s ….(它不是….它是…)[It’s not a cat.It’s a toy.] 9, … ,please.(購買某一物品時)[Milk,please.] 10 Let’s ….[Let’s play football.] 11 I like ….[I like dogs.] 12 I don’t like ….[I don’t like tigers.] 13 What’s he?He’s a/an ….(介紹職業(yè))[What’s he?He’s a doctor.] 14 What’s she?She’s a /an …[What’s she?She’s an actress.]
第二篇:初中一年級英語語法
名師輔導:初中一年級英語語法
一、詞法
1、名詞
A)、名詞的數(shù)
我們知道名詞可以分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞,而不可數(shù)名詞它沒有復數(shù)形式,但可數(shù)名詞卻有單數(shù)和復數(shù)之分,復數(shù)的構(gòu)成如下:
一)在后面加s。如:fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas
二)x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes
三)1)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es 如:baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories
2)以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。如:day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways
四)以o結(jié)尾加s(外來詞)。如:radios, photos, 但如是輔音加o的加es:如: tomatoes西紅柿, potatoes馬鈴薯
五)以f或fe結(jié)尾的變f為v再加es(s)。如:knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves
六)單復數(shù)相同(不變的)有:fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese
七)一般只有復數(shù),沒有單數(shù)的有:people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks
八)單詞形式不變,既可以是單數(shù)也可以是復數(shù)的有:police警察局,警察, class班,同學, family家,家庭成員
九)合成的復數(shù)一般只加主要名詞,多數(shù)為后一個單詞。如:action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals;但如果是由man或woman所組成的合成詞的復數(shù)則同時為復數(shù)。如:man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers
十)有的單復數(shù)意思不同。如:fish魚 fishes魚的種類, paper紙 papers報紙,卷子,論文, work工作 works作品,工廠, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯,眼鏡, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光線 lights燈, people人 peoples民族, time時間 times時代, 次數(shù), chicken 雞肉 chickens 小雞 十一)單個字母的復數(shù)可以有兩種形式直接加s或’s。如:Is(I’s), Ks(K’s)。但如是縮略詞則只加s。如:IDs, VCDs, SARs
十二)特殊形式的有:child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen
B)名詞的格
當我們要表示某人的什么東西或人時,我們就要使用所有格形式。構(gòu)成如下:
一)單數(shù)在后面加’s。如:brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s
二)復數(shù)以s結(jié)尾的直接在s后加’,如果不是以s結(jié)尾的與單數(shù)一樣處理。如:Teachers’ Day教師節(jié), classmates’;Children’s Day六一節(jié), Women’s Day三八節(jié)
三)由and并列的名詞所有時,如果是共同所有同一人或物時,只加最后一個’s,但分別擁有時卻分別按單數(shù)形式處理。如:Mike and Ben’s room邁克和本的房間(共住一間),Mike’s and Ben’s rooms邁克和本的房間(各自的房間)
2、代詞
2、代詞
3、動詞
A)第三人稱單數(shù)
當動詞是第三人稱單數(shù)時,動詞應該像名詞的單數(shù)變動詞那樣加s,如下:
一)一般在詞后加s。如:comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains
二)在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:watches, washes, wishes, finishes
三)1)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es。如:study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries
2)以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。如:plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys
四)以o結(jié)尾加es。如:does, goes
五)特殊的有:are-is, have-has
B)現(xiàn)在分詞
當我們說某人正在做什么事時,動詞要使用分詞形式,不能用原形,構(gòu)成如下:
一)一般在后加ing。如:spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing,hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing
二)以不發(fā)音e的結(jié)尾的去掉e再加ing。如:dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking,practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having
三)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且一個元音字母+一個輔音字母(注意除開字母組合如show –showing,draw-drawing)要雙寫最后的輔音字母再加ing。如:put-putting, run-running, get-getting,let-letting, begin-beginning
四)以ie結(jié)尾的變ie為y再加ing。如:tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于
4、形容詞的級
我們在對兩個或以上的人或物進行對比時,則要使用比較或最高級形式。構(gòu)成如下:
一)一般在詞后加er或est(如果是以e結(jié)尾則直接加r或st)。如:greater-greatest, shorter –shortest,taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer-nicest, larger-largest
二)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且1個元音字母+1個輔音字母(字母組合除外,如few-fewer fewest)結(jié)尾的雙寫結(jié)尾 的輔音再加er /est。如:big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest
三)以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的變y為i加er/est。如:happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest,friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest
四)特殊情況:(兩好多壞,一少老遠)
good/wellmore most bad/ill – worse worst
little-less least old-older/elder oldest/eldest far-farther/further farthest/furthest
5、數(shù)詞(基變序,有規(guī)則;一、二、三,自己背;五、八、九、十二;其它后接th;y結(jié)尾,變?yōu)閕, eth跟上去。)first, second, third;fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth;seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth;
twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth
二、句式
1、一般現(xiàn)在時 表示普遍、經(jīng)常性的或長期性的動作時使用一般現(xiàn)在時,它有: 1.陳述句
肯定陳述句 a)This is a book.(be動詞)
b)He looks very young.(連系動詞)
c)I want a sweat like this.(實義動詞)
d)I can bring some things to school.(情態(tài)動詞)
e)There’s a computer on my desk.(There be結(jié)構(gòu))
否定陳述句 a)These aren’t their books.b)They don’t look nice.c)Kate doesn’t go to No.4 Middle School.d)Kate can’t find her doll.e)There isn’t a cat here.(=There’s no cat here.)
2.祈使句
肯定祈使句 a)Please go and ask the man.b)Let’s learn English!
c)Come in, please.否定祈使句a)Don’t be late.b)Don’t hurry.3.疑問句
1)一般疑問句 a)Is Jim a student?
b)Can I help you?
c)Does she like salad?
d)Do they watch TV?
e)Is she reading?
肯定回答: a)Yes, he is.b)Yes, you can.c)Yes, she does.d)Yes, they do.e)Yes, she is.否定回答: a)No, he isn’t.b)No, you can’t.c)No, she doesn’t.d)No, they don’t.e)No, she isn’t.2)選擇疑問句 Is the table big or small? 回答 It’s big./ It’s small.3)特殊疑問句
① 問年齡 How old is Lucy? She is twelve.② 問種類 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.③ 問身體狀況 How is your uncle? He is well/fine.④ 問方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.How do we contact you? My e-mail address is cindyjones@163.com.⑤ 問原因 Why do you want to join the club?
⑥ 問時間 What’s the time?(=What time is it?)It’s a quarter to ten a.m..What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o’clock.When do you want to go? Let’s go at 7:00.⑦ 問地方 Where’s my backpack? It’s under the table.⑧ 問顏色 What color are they? They are light blue.What’s your favourite color? It’s black.⑨ 問人物 Who’s that? It’s my sister.Who is the boy in blue? My brother.Who isn’t at school? Peter and Emma.Who are Lisa and Tim talking to?
⑩ 問東西 What’s this/that(in English)? It’s a pencil case.What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.11問姓名 What’s your aunt’s name? Her name is Helen./She’s Helen.What’s your first name? My first name’s Ben.What’s your family name? My family name’s Smith.問哪一個 Which do you like? I like one in the box.問字母 What letter is it? It’s big D/small f.問價格 How much are these pants? They’re 15 dollars.問電話號碼 What’s your phone number? It’s 576-8349.問謂語(動作)What’s he doing? He’s watching TV.問職業(yè)(身份)What do you do? I’m a teacher.What’s your father? He’s a doctor.三、時態(tài)
Be 動詞:She’s a worker.Is she a worker? She isn’t a worker.情態(tài)動詞:I can play the piano.Can you play the piano? I can’t play the piano.行為動詞:They want to eat some tomatoes.Do they want to eat any tomatoes?
They don’t want to eat any tomatoes.Gina has a nice watch.Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesn’t have a watch.2、現(xiàn)在進行時 表示動詞在此時正在發(fā)生或進行就使用進行時態(tài),結(jié)構(gòu)為sb be v-ing sth + 其它.I’m playing baseball.Are you playing baseball? I’m not playing baseball.Nancy is writing a letter.Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isn’t writing a letter.They’re listening to the pop music.Are they listening the pop music?
They aren’t listening to the pop music.
第三篇:初中一年級英語語法匯總
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2、代詞
項目 人稱代詞 物主代詞 指示代詞 反身代詞
人 稱 主格 賓格 形容詞 名詞性
第一人稱 單數(shù) I me my mine myself
復數(shù) we us our ours ourselves
第二人稱 單數(shù) you you your yours yourself
復數(shù) you you your yours yourselves
第三人稱 單數(shù) she her her hers herself
he him his his himself
it it its its this that itself
復數(shù) they them their theirs these those themselves
3、動詞
A)第三人稱單數(shù)
當動詞是第三人稱單數(shù)時,動詞應該像名詞的單數(shù)變動詞那樣加s,如下:
一)一般在詞后加s。如:comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains
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二)在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:watches, washes, wishes, finishes
三)1)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es。如:study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries
2)以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。如:plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys
四)以o結(jié)尾加es。如:does, goes
五)特殊的有:are-is, have-has
B)現(xiàn)在分詞
當我們說某人正在做什么事時,動詞要使用分詞形式,不能用原形,構(gòu)成如下:
一)一般在后加ing。如:spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing,hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing
二)以不發(fā)音e的結(jié)尾的去掉e再加ing。如:dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking,practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having
三)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且一個元音字母+一個輔音字母(注意除開字母組合如show –showing,[鍵入文字]
draw-drawing)要雙寫最后的輔音字母再加ing。如:put-putting, run-running, get-getting,let-letting, begin-beginning
四)以ie結(jié)尾的變ie為y再加ing。如:tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于
4、形容詞的級
我們在對兩個或以上的人或物進行對比時,則要使用比較或最高級形式。構(gòu)成如下:
一)一般在詞后加er或est(如果是以e結(jié)尾則直接加r或st)。如:greater-greatest, shorter –shortest,taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer-nicest, larger-largest
二)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且1個元音字母+1個輔音字母(字母組合除外,如few-fewer fewest)結(jié)尾的雙寫結(jié)尾 的輔音再加er /est。如:big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest
三)以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的變y為i加er/est。如:happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest,friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest
四)特殊情況:(兩好多壞,一少老遠)
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good/wellmore most bad/ill – worse worst
little-less least old-older/elder oldest/eldest far-farther/further farthest/furthest
5、數(shù)詞(基變序,有規(guī)則;一、二、三,自己背;五、八、九、十二;其它后接th;y結(jié)尾,變?yōu)閕, eth跟上去。)first, second, third;fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth;seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth;
twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth
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二、句式
1、一般現(xiàn)在時 表示普遍、經(jīng)常性的或長期性的動作時使用一般現(xiàn)在時,它有:
1.陳述句
肯定陳述句 a)This is a book.(be動詞)
b)He looks very young.(連系動詞)
c)I want a sweat like this.(實義動詞)
d)I can bring some things to school.(情態(tài)動詞)
e)There’s a computer on my desk.(There be結(jié)構(gòu))
否定陳述句 a)These aren’t their books.b)They don’t look nice.c)Kate doesn’t go to No.4 Middle School.d)Kate can’t find her doll.e)There isn’t a cat here.(=There’s no cat here.)
2.祈使句
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肯定祈使句 a)Please go and ask the man.b)Let’s learn English!
c)Come in, please.否定祈使句a)Don’t be late.b)Don’t hurry.3.疑問句
1)一般疑問句 a)Is Jim a student?
b)Can I help you?
c)Does she like salad?
d)Do they watch TV?
e)Is she reading?
肯定回答: a)Yes, he is.b)Yes, you can.c)Yes, she does.d)Yes, they do.[鍵入文字]
e)Yes, she is.否定回答: a)No, he isn’t.b)No, you can’t.c)No, she doesn’t.d)No, they don’t.e)No, she isn’t.2)選擇疑問句 Is the table big or small? 回答 It’s big./ It’s small.3)特殊疑問句
① 問年齡 How old is Lucy? She is twelve.② 問種類 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.③ 問身體狀況 How is your uncle? He is well/fine.④ 問方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.How do we contact you? My e-mail address is cindyjones@163.com.⑤ 問原因 Why do you want to join the club?
⑥ 問時間 What’s the time?(=What time is it?)It’s a quarter to ten a.m..[鍵入文字]
What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o’clock.When do you want to go? Let’s go at 7:00.⑦ 問地方 Where’s my backpack? It’s under the table.⑧ 問顏色 What color are they? They are light blue.What’s your favourite color? It’s black.⑨ 問人物 Who’s that? It’s my sister.Who is the boy in blue? My brother.Who isn’t at school? Peter and Emma.Who are Lisa and Tim talking to?
⑩ 問東西 What’s this/that(in English)? It’s a pencil case.What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.11問姓名 What’s your aunt’s name? Her name is Helen./She’s Helen.What’s your first name? My first name’s Ben.What’s your family name? My family name’s Smith.問哪一個 Which do you like? I like one in the box.[鍵入文字] 問字母 What letter is it? It’s big D/small f.問價格 How much are these pants? They’re 15 dollars.問電話號碼 What’s your phone number? It’s 576-8349.問謂語(動作)What’s he doing? He’s watching TV.問職業(yè)(身份)What do you do? I’m a teacher.What’s your father? He’s a doctor.三、時態(tài)
Be 動詞:She’s a worker.Is she a worker? She isn’t a worker.情態(tài)動詞:I can play the piano.Can you play the piano? I can’t play the piano.行為動詞:They want to eat some tomatoes.Do they want to eat any tomatoes?
They don’t want to eat any tomatoes.Gina has a nice watch.Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesn’t have a watch.2、現(xiàn)在進行時 表示動詞在此時正在發(fā)生或進行就使用進行時態(tài),結(jié)構(gòu)為sb be v-ing sth + 其它.[鍵入文字]
I’m playing baseball.Are you playing baseball? I’m not playing baseball.Nancy is writing a letter.Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isn’t writing a letter.They’re listening to the pop music.Are they listening the pop music?
They aren’t listening to the pop music.
第四篇:初中一年級英語語法
初一年級英語語法
1、名詞
A)、名詞的數(shù)
我們知道名詞可以分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞,而不可數(shù)名詞它沒有復數(shù)形式,但可數(shù)名詞卻有單數(shù)和復數(shù)之分,復數(shù)的構(gòu)成如下:
一)在后面加s。如:fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas
二)x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes
三)1)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es 如:baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories
2)以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。如:day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways
四)以o結(jié)尾加s(外來詞)。如:radios, photos, 但如是輔音加o的加es:如: tomatoes西紅柿, potatoes馬鈴薯
五)以f或fe結(jié)尾的變f為v再加es。如:knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves
六)單復數(shù)相同(不變的)有:fish, sheep, deer鹿, Chinese, Japanese
七)一般只有復數(shù),沒有單數(shù)的有:people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks
八)單詞形式不變,既可以是單數(shù)也可以是復數(shù)的有:police警察局,警察, class班,同學, family家,家庭成員
九)合成的復數(shù)一般只加主要名詞,多數(shù)為后一個單詞。如:action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals;但如果是由man或woman所組成的合成詞的復數(shù)則同時為復數(shù)。如:man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers
十)有的單復數(shù)意思不同。如:fish魚 fishes魚的種類, paper紙 papers報紙,卷子,論文, work工作 works作品,工廠, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯,眼鏡, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光線 lights燈, people人 peoples民族, time時間 times時代, 次數(shù), chicken 雞肉 chickens 小雞
十一)單個字母的復數(shù)可以有兩種形式直接加s或’s。如:Is(I’s), Ks(K’s)。但如是縮略詞則只加s。如:IDs, VCDs, SARs
十二)特殊形式的有:child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen
B)名詞的格
當我們要表示某人的什么東西或人時,我們就要使用所有格形式。構(gòu)成如下:
一)單數(shù)在后面加’s。如:brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s
二)復數(shù)以s結(jié)尾的直接在s后加’,如果不是以s結(jié)尾的與單數(shù)一樣處理。如:Teachers’ Day教師節(jié), classmates’;Children’s Day六一節(jié), Women’s Day三八節(jié)
三)由and并列的名詞所有時,如果是共同所有同一人或物時,只加最后一個’s,但分別擁有時卻分別按單數(shù)形式處理。如:Mike and Ben’s room邁克和本的房間(共住一間),Mike’s and 1 Ben’s rooms邁克和本的房間(各自的房間)
2、代詞
主格 賓格 形容詞性物主代詞 名詞性物主代詞
反身代詞
I
me
my
mine
myself
you
you
your
yours
yourself
he
him
his
his
himself
she
her
her
hers
herself
It
it
its
its
itself
We
us
our
ours
ourselves
They them
their
theirs
themselves
3、動詞
A)第三人稱單數(shù)
當動詞是第三人稱單數(shù)時,動詞應該像名詞的單數(shù)變動詞那樣加s,如下:
一)一般在詞后加s。如:comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains 二)在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:watches, washes, wishes, finishes 三)1)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es。如:study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries 2)以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。如:plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys 四)以o結(jié)尾加es。如:does, goes 五)特殊的有:are-is, have-has
B)現(xiàn)在分詞
當我們說某人正在做什么事時,動詞要使用分詞形式,不能用原形,構(gòu)成如下:
一)一般在后加ing。如:spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing
二)以不發(fā)音e的結(jié)尾的去掉e再加ing。如:dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having
三)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且一個元音字母+一個輔音字母(注意除開字母組合如show –showing, draw-drawing)要雙寫最后的輔音字母再加ing。如:put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning
四)以ie結(jié)尾的變ie為y再加ing。如:tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于
4、形容詞的級
我們在對兩個或以上的人或物進行對比時,則要使用比較或最高級形式。構(gòu)成如下:
一)一般在詞后加er或est(如果是以e結(jié)尾則直接加r或st)。如:greater-greatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer-nicest, larger-largest
二)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且1個元音字母+1個輔音字母(字母組合除外,如few-fewer fewest)結(jié)尾的雙寫結(jié)尾的輔音再加er /est。如:big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest
三)以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的變y為i加er/est。如:happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest
四)特殊情況:(兩好多壞,一少老遠)
good/wellmore most bad/ill – worse worst
little-less least old-older/elder oldest/eldest far-farther/further farthest/furthest
5、數(shù)詞(基變序,有規(guī)則;一、二、三,自己背;五、八、九、十二;其它后接th;y結(jié)尾,變?yōu)閕, eth跟上去。)first, second, third;fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth;seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth;twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth 3
第五篇:小學英語語法
小學英語語法大全
小學的英語語法趨向于簡單,卻是初中高中英語語法的基礎(chǔ)。下面是 給大家整理的小學英語語法的相關(guān)知識,供大家參閱!小學英語語法:名詞
一、定義:名詞是表示人或事物名稱的詞。它既可以表示具體的東西,也可以是表示抽象的東西。
二、分類
1.名詞可以根據(jù)意義分為普通名詞和專有名詞
如:john is a student.student是普通名詞,john是專有名詞 普通名詞前可以用不定冠詞a/an, 定冠詞the 或不加冠詞,專有名詞前一般不加冠詞,專有名詞的首字母要大寫。
2.普通名詞又可以分為個體名詞、集體名詞、物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞,其中個體名詞與集體名詞是可數(shù)名詞,物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名稱是不可數(shù)名詞。
3.專有名詞:專有名詞是表示人名、地名、團體、機構(gòu)、組織等的專有名詞,多為獨一無二的事物。
三、名詞的數(shù)
1、名詞分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。
可數(shù)名詞——可以數(shù)的名詞 不可數(shù)名詞——數(shù)不清(沒有復數(shù))Drink: milk tea water orange juice coke coffee porridge Food: rice bread meat fish fruit cake dumplings
2、可數(shù)名詞與不定冠詞a(an)連用有數(shù)數(shù)形式,不可數(shù)名詞不能與不定冠詞a(an)連用,沒有復數(shù)形式 many+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù) much/a little+不可數(shù)名詞
some, any , a lot of(lots of)兩者都可以修飾。
3、可數(shù)名詞可以直接用數(shù)詞來修飾 不可數(shù)名詞:數(shù)詞 +量詞 +of + 名詞 對可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問用how many 對不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問用 how much
4、不可數(shù)名詞的量有以下兩種表示方法:
1)some, much ,a little ,a lot of ,a bit of , plenty of 用等表示多少。
※既可以與可數(shù)名詞復數(shù),又可以與不可數(shù)名詞連用的有:plenty of ,some ,a lot of ,lots of ,most of 等。如there is much water in the bottle.瓶中有很多水。
i'll tell you much good news.我要告訴你許多好消息。we should collect some useful information我們應該收集一些有用的消息。
2)用單位詞表示。用a...of 表示。
如 a cup of(一杯......),a bottle of(一瓶......)a piece of(一張......),a pair of shoes(一雙鞋)如two cups of tea(兩杯茶),five pieces of paper(五張紙)※單位詞后的動詞單復數(shù)形式往往取決于單位詞的單復數(shù)形式;千、百等數(shù)詞與名詞加用,表示復數(shù)時,數(shù)詞仍保持單數(shù),名詞變復數(shù)。
如two hundred students(200名學生)ten thousand trees(10000棵樹)測試點he caught a lot of fish他抓到了許多魚(此處為許多條魚,fish的復數(shù)仍為fish或fishes)=he caught a lot of fishes.the paper is about some fresh-water fishes.這篇論文是有關(guān)幾種淡水魚的。(此處fish表示不同種類的魚,加復數(shù)詞尾-es)
5、可數(shù)名詞分為單數(shù)和復數(shù)。
名詞單數(shù)就是該詞本身,在其前面加a或an。1)單數(shù) 如a desk(一張桌子)an old desk(一張舊書桌)2)復數(shù):要表示一個以上概念時,要用名詞復數(shù)形式 小學英語語法:冠 詞
一、定義
冠詞是一種虛詞,本身不能單獨使用,也沒有詞義,它用在名詞的前面(相當于名詞的帽子),幫助指明名詞的含義。
二、分類
共3類:定冠詞(the definite article),不定冠詞(the indefinite article)、零冠詞(zero article)。
三、用法
1、定冠詞的用法 a、an與數(shù)詞one 同源,是“一個”的意思。a用于輔音音素前,而an則用于元音音素前。
(1)表示某一類人或某事物中的任何一個,經(jīng)常用在第一次提到某人或某物時,用不定冠詞起介紹教學資料
作用,表示一個。
i gave him a book yesterday.我昨天給了他一本書
i am reading an interesting story.我在讀一則有趣的故事。(2)表示人或事物的某一種類, 強調(diào)整體, 即以其中的一個代表一類。
a horse is useful to mankind.馬對人類有用。
(3)不定冠詞用在事物的“單位”前,如時間, 速度, 價格等意義的名詞之前,表示 “每一”。we often go to school two times a day.我們常常一天兩次去學校。
i went to the library once a week at least.(4)不定冠詞用來指某人某物,但不具體說明任何人或任何物。a boy came to see you a moment ago.剛才有一個小孩來找你。
(5)在序數(shù)詞前表示“又一;再一”時。如: i want to read the story a second time 我想再讀一遍這篇小說。
(6)表示不特定的“某一個”時。如: a mr.smith is calling on the phone.有一位史密斯先生來電 話找你。
(7)在特定的短語里表示特定的含義,與不可數(shù)名詞連用,如: have a good time 過得高興(8)一日三餐前有修飾語時。如:-mum, what shall we have for lunch?-jiaozi.-oh, what a wonderful lunch!i enjoy it very much.(9)在形容詞最高級前表示“非?!睍r。如: lesson nine is a most difficult lesson, but it isn't the most difficult one.(10)不定冠詞用于某些詞組中。
a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a pile / a great many / many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try / keep an eye on / all of a sudden 小學英語語法: 介詞
一、定義
介詞preposition縮寫prep.,又叫前置詞,表示其后的名詞或代詞(或是相當于名詞的其他短語或從句)與其他句子成分的關(guān)系。介詞是一種虛詞,不能單獨在句中作成分。
二、介詞的用法
1、表示時間的(at、on、in、at、before ,after、by、until、through、from、since、within)(1)at:用于表示時刻,時間的某一點。
at noon在午時 at night在夜間 at present目前
(2)on:用于星期,某天,某一天的上午、下午、晚上(指具體的某一天時,一律用)on sunday在星期天 on sunday morning 在星期天的上午
on march 8 在3月8日
(3)in:用于表示周、月、季節(jié)、年、泛指上午、下午、晚上。in 1999 在1999年 in november 在11月份 in summer 在夏季 in the afternoon在下午 過……后(未來時間)i think he will be back in an hour.我想他一小時后就會回來。i heard that she would be back in a month.我聽說她一個月后回來的。
(4)before:在……之前
wei hua got up before 7 o’clock this morning.今天早晨,魏華在7點之前起床了。
(5)after:在……之后
after that ,no noe should ever kill a seagull.從那時起,任何人不得捕殺海鷗。
(6)by:在……前(時間),截止(到)…… by the time i arrived ,she had already gone.在我到達之前,她已經(jīng)走了。(7)for:達……之久(表示過了多少時間),可以和一般現(xiàn)在時,過去時,將來時連用,但是經(jīng)常和完成時連用。
florence often worked for twenty-four hours without rest.弗洛淪斯常常工作24小時而不休息。(8)during:在……期間
during the lifetime of one man ,north america and europe will more further apart by nearly two metres.在一個人的一生期間,北美洲和歐洲由于漂移,其間的距離將要增加差不多兩米。
(9)through:一直……(從開始到結(jié)束)he ,who led the united states through these years ,was shot on april 14, 1865 ,at a theater in washington 領(lǐng)導美國度過了這些年代的他,于1865年4月14日在美國華盛頓一家戲院里被人槍殺。
(10)from:從……起(時間)the worders were made to work from 7 in the morning to 7 in the evening.工人們被迫從早7點工作到晚7點。
(11)since:自從……以來(表示從以前某時一直到現(xiàn)在仍在繼續(xù))since that time ,my eyes had never been very good.從那時起,我的眼睛一直不是很好。
(12)within:不……超過的范圍
he will arrive within an hour.他一小時內(nèi)就人到。
2、表示地點(at、in、on、under、over、above、below、near、by、between、among、around、around、in front of、behind、in、into、out of、along、across、,through、to、for、from)(1)at:在某地點(表示比較狹窄的場所)at school上學 at home在家 at 320 xinfu district 在新?lián)釁^(qū)320號
at the station 在火車站
(2)in:在某地(表示比較寬敞的場所)she will arrive in shanghai at ten.10點她將到達上海。(3)表示地點方向的on ,under ,over ,above ,below ①on:在……上面,有接觸面 on the table 在桌子上面 ②above:在……上方
sometimes juliana could hear planes above the trees.有時朱莉安娜能聽到樹林上空的飛機聲。
③over:在……正上方,是under的反義詞 over these tombs ,they built pyramids.在這些墳墓上,他們建起了金字塔。
④under:在……下面,在……之內(nèi) the twin sisters put the basket under the tree.這姐倆把籃子放到了樹下。⑤below:在……下方,(不一定是正下方)three thousand metres below her ,she could see nothing except the thick jungle.3000米以下,除了茂密的叢林之外,她什么也看不見。看過小學英語語法的相關(guān)知識的人還