第一篇：劍橋4-8聽力題目

教育無域，環(huán)球共享

環(huán)球雅思

環(huán)球雅思創(chuàng)于 1997 年，2001 年成立北京市海淀區(qū)環(huán)球雅思培訓(xùn)學(xué)校，作為國內(nèi) 規(guī)模最大并首家在美國上市的連鎖外語培訓(xùn)機構(gòu)之一，環(huán)球雅思學(xué)校被評為全國十大 知名學(xué)校，榮膺搜狐網(wǎng)“年度十大教育品牌集團”，中國企業(yè) 21“未來之星 ”教育機構(gòu)等 無數(shù)品牌榮譽。為中國民辦教育創(chuàng)新做出巨大貢獻，2005 年 9 月受到教育部部長和陳 香梅科教文獎的表彰。

環(huán)球雅思各項課程以權(quán)威、實效、精煉著稱，總部設(shè)在 北京，并在各地建立了 上海、廣州、深圳、重慶、成都、西安、天津、杭州、揚州、無錫、蘇州、長沙、哈 爾濱、青島、鄭州、大連、武漢、南京、太原、沈陽、福州、合肥、?？?、貴陽、石 家莊、蘭州、臺州、聊城、銀川、海外澳洲、臺灣等 351 個分校，每年培訓(xùn) 60 多萬 學(xué)員人次，每年開設(shè)雅思、托福、外教口語數(shù)萬個班級，創(chuàng)立全國第一連鎖教學(xué)品牌，經(jīng)數(shù)據(jù)比較環(huán)球雅思學(xué)員占考生比例高達 78%之多。迄今，環(huán)球雅思，已經(jīng)成為江蘇 省內(nèi)雅思培訓(xùn)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)品牌以及學(xué)生和家長公認的雅思高分基地。自成立至今，環(huán)球雅 思學(xué)校一直秉承“以人為本、專業(yè)一流”的辦學(xué)理念，不斷強化教學(xué)管理，時刻注重教 學(xué)品質(zhì)，憑借一流的教學(xué)品質(zhì)以及良好的口碑吸引了數(shù)萬名來自不同年齡段及教育背 景的學(xué)員慕名前來就讀 年間環(huán)球雅思開發(fā)了影響中國雅思教學(xué)培訓(xùn)十代課程體系，開創(chuàng)雅思各項滿分第一 名最多記錄，1997 年 11 月環(huán)球?qū)W員獲得全國第一個聽力滿分；2006 年 7 月 13 歲的 鐘琬婷考取三個 9 分全國第一成績，12 月彭智更創(chuàng)雙 9 雙 8 分新冠軍奇跡，成為“環(huán) 球雅思學(xué)習使者”。約 3000 余名學(xué)員獲得 8 分以上成績，環(huán)球雅思高分獎學(xué)金頒發(fā)超 過 80 萬元。在全國雅思考場中 80%高分學(xué)員出自各地環(huán)球?qū)W校。課程逐年更新升級，首創(chuàng)雅思 7 分班，劍橋真題解密班，VIP 一對一雅思·托福私人課程更獨領(lǐng)風騷。環(huán)球雅思不斷優(yōu)化學(xué)員學(xué)習和考試服務(wù)，提供完整個性化培訓(xùn)、考試設(shè)計、免費入學(xué) 前測試、代報考、私人補課等，幫你在數(shù)百種課程間選擇最實效、經(jīng)濟、保險的課程，提供雅思、托福、BEC、四六級、BETS考試的代報名和查分復(fù)議服務(wù)。

校長寄語：

數(shù)百位足跡遍布劍橋、牛津、悉尼等名牌大學(xué)的高分學(xué)員是每個環(huán)球人的驕傲，幫助更多的學(xué)子實現(xiàn)出國夢是每個環(huán)球人不懈的追求，祝愿更多的優(yōu)秀學(xué)子的留學(xué)夢 想從環(huán)球雅思啟航！

孫中晶

陳士旺 總策劃：陳 潔 王 茜

編委：蘇州環(huán)球雅思學(xué)校教學(xué)教研中心 SZGTRC(按姓氏筆畫排列)方一君 尤敦樸 馬威虎 張建偉 施 臣 湯穎妍 胡淑渝

陳 靜 單相平喻 夏

朱丁琦 沈 初 顧婕鷺 Jeff

Mack

李 帆 吳陳潔 袁 凱

李 辰 湯 姣 錢喬然

劉 莉 杜君璞 袁學(xué)立

張娟花 林 璐 談 郯

黃玫玫 程曉燕

教育無域，環(huán)球共享

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第二篇：劍橋雅思英語聽力_英語聽力劍橋雅思聽力材料1

美聯(lián)英語提供：劍橋雅思英語聽力_英語聽力劍橋雅思聽力材料1

關(guān)于關(guān)于英語那些你不知道的事都在這里

http://m.meten.com/test/quwen.aspx?tid=16-73675-0 看看劍橋雅思英語聽力都有什么可以給我們看的。下面是學(xué)習啦小編給大家整理的劍橋雅思英語聽力的相關(guān)知識，供大家參閱!

劍橋雅思英語聽力篇1

Hi, Joanna, good to meet you.你好，Joanna，很高興見到你。

Now, before we discuss your new research project，在我們討論你的新研究項目之前，I'd like to hear something about the psychology study you did last year for your Master'sdegree.我想聽一聽你去年讀碩士的時候做過的心理學(xué)研究。

So how did you choose your subjects for that?

你當時是怎么選擇的研究對象?

Well, I had six subjects, all professional musicians, and all female.我有六個研究對象，全都是專業(yè)的音樂家，而且都是女性。

Three were violinists and there was also a cello player and a pianist and a flute player.其中三位是小提琴家，還有一位大提琴演奏家，一位鋼琴家和一位長笛演奏家。

They were all very highly regarded in the music world and they'd done quite

extensive tours indifferent continents，她們在音樂界聲望都很高，而且在不同大洲還做過大量的巡回演出，and quite a few had won prizes and competitions as well.她們中不少還贏過一些獎項和比賽。

And they were quite young, weren't they?

而且她們還都相當年輕，對吧?

Yes, between 25 and 29 — the mean was 27.8.是的，都在25-29歲之間，平均年齡是27.8。

I wasn't specifically looking for artists who'd produced recordings

我本來并沒有一定要找出過專輯的藝術(shù)家，but this is something that's just taken for granted these days and they all had.但是最近這件事直接被當成理所當然的了，而且她們?nèi)汲鲞^專輯。

Right.Now you collected your data through telephone interviews, didn't you?

好吧，你是通過電話采訪收集的資料，對嗎?

Yes.I realised if I was going to interview leading musicians it'd only be possible over the phonebecause they're so busy.是的，我知道如果要采訪這些重要的音樂家的話，就只能通過電話才有可能了，因為她們都特別忙。

I recorded them using a telephone recording adaptor.我用一個電話錄音轉(zhuǎn)接器把跟她們的談話內(nèi)容錄了下來。

I'd been worried about the quality, but it worked out all right.我之前一直擔心錄音的音質(zhì)，不過結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)還不錯。

I managed at least a 30-minute interview with each subject, sometimes longer.我設(shè)法和每位研究對象進行了一段至少30分鐘的采訪，有的時間更長。

Did doing it on the phone make it more stressful?

通過電話采訪有沒有讓你覺得壓力更大?

I'd thought it might...it was all quite informal though and in fact they seemed very keen totalk.我本來以為會這樣沒錯......但是這些采訪都沒有那么正式，而且她們事實上似乎都很愿意談話。

And I don't think using the phone meant I got less rich data rather the opposite in fact.我覺得用電話采訪并不意味著我收集到的資料就沒有那么多，實際上正好相反。

Interesting.And you were looking at how performers dress for concert performances?

有意思。你還研究了演奏家在音樂會上演出時的穿著?

That's right.My research investigated the way players see their role as a musician

沒錯，我研究調(diào)查了演奏者將她們自己定位成音樂家的方式，and how this is linked to the type of clothing they decide to wear.以及這和她們決定穿哪種服裝有什么聯(lián)系。

But that focus didn't emerge immediately.但我并不是馬上就想到了這一點。

When I started I was more interested in trying to investigate the impact of what

was worn onthose listening，在研究最開始的時候，我對試著調(diào)查聽眾對她們穿的衣服的效果更加感興趣，and also whether someone like a violinist might adopt a different style of clothing from saysomeone playing the flute or the trumpet.以及比如一位小提琴家是否會穿得跟長笛或者喇叭演奏者不同。

It's interesting that the choice of dress is up to the individual, isn't it?

每個人都有權(quán)選擇他們的服裝這件事還蠻有意思的，對吧?

Yes, you'd expect there to be rules about it in orchestras, but that's quite rare.是的，我們原本以為管弦樂隊對服裝會有規(guī)定，但是這一現(xiàn)象非常少。

第三篇：劍橋商務(wù)英語BEC高級聽力口試心得

劍橋商務(wù)英語BEC高級考試輔導(dǎo)(聽力口語)

聽力部分

考試總時間：40分鐘（包括10分鐘填寫答題卡時間）

第一項：單詞填空

實用技巧：

1． 力爭在第一遍就完成80％以上的缺口，在第二遍時完成并校對所有缺口。

2． 缺口順序完全按照行文順序。

3． 在聽力開始之前仔細閱讀第一項文字部分，尤其是缺口部分前的字句，理解其意思，因為不要指望說話人會在提及缺口內(nèi)容之前說出與缺口部分前的字句完全一致的字句。說話人往往說出與缺口部分前字句意思相同的其他表達，包括使用近義詞，近義句等。

4． 缺口部分包括：單個名詞或形容詞（通常詞形比較復(fù)雜）；兩個名詞構(gòu)成的結(jié)構(gòu)；一個形容詞和一個名詞構(gòu)成的結(jié)構(gòu)；動詞加名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)；數(shù)詞

5． 缺口是名詞（或名詞結(jié)構(gòu)）的標志是：缺口前有介詞的出現(xiàn)。

6． 缺口是形容詞的標志是：缺口后有名詞的出現(xiàn)。

7． 缺口是動詞（或動詞結(jié)構(gòu)）的標志是：缺口后有介詞的出現(xiàn)。

8． 缺口是數(shù)詞（或數(shù)詞結(jié)構(gòu)）的標志是：缺口前后有number、percentage等提示詞的出現(xiàn)。

9． 當缺口處單詞（或結(jié)構(gòu)）過長時，可以在第一遍時進行速記，第二遍時完成。

10． 當確實掌握了缺口處單詞的中文意思但又想不出英文時可以用同義詞代替。

第二項：多項匹配（令萬千考生淚灑考場，痛不欲生?。?/p>

實用技巧：

1． 掌握每一選項的中文意思，想象在每一選項表達或描述的情況下說話人可能使用的字句。

2． 若聽到文中內(nèi)容與某選項完全一致，一般大膽排除該選項。

3． 正確選項中的表述與文中某部分內(nèi)容存在同義關(guān)系。（某部分內(nèi)容或者只是一個單詞或詞組；或者是一個句子）

4． 注意說話人語氣。（該方法尤其適用于判斷說話人的態(tài)度）

5． 考生在平時要多了解各種商業(yè)場合的語言運用。

第三項：多項選擇

實用技巧：

1．所有問題均按照行文的先后順序進行提問。

2．對于每一個問題，說話人都有明確的提示性的闡述，所以解題的關(guān)鍵是發(fā)現(xiàn)和聽懂這些提示。

3．提示性詞語的使用。一般說話人所使用的提示詞有：but；but I think；real?；fact is that?；?not the case；it is ? which/that?；

4． 某些詞語與答案中的詞語為同義詞。

5．通過舉例，讓讀者推斷出答案。

6．將答案放在所舉的例子前面。

7．說話人對于聽者的迷惑包括：

（1）開頭提出一些所謂的原因，而將真正的原因放在最后。

（2）說話人會以較為快的速度，讓聽話人聽到一些“提示”，通常是一些支言片語，用來迷惑聽者。這些“提示”中的文字往往直接出現(xiàn)在選項中。

8． 結(jié)合以上幾點，不難發(fā)現(xiàn)在本項的正確答案都是間接的給出，通常要經(jīng)過說話人2到3步的闡述。

口語部分

整個考試時間：16分鐘左右。

第一項：詢問個人信息

本項考試的時間：3分鐘左右。

本項考試的形式：由考官逐個向考生提出問題，考生進行回答。

本項考試內(nèi)容：涉及個人信息的諸多方面，考官的提問更是千變?nèi)f化，但一定設(shè)計個人信息的某個方面。通常，為了核對考生資格，考官會問以下問題：What’s your name?/can you spell your family name?/can you spell your surname?/ what’s your number? 回答范例：My name is Ray.That’s R-A-Y, Ray.本項考試的目的是：考官借助于對考生個人信息的提問，核對考生考試資格，并通過與考生

之間的交流，考察考生的發(fā)音，語法和用詞。

本項考試從難度上來說是口語三項考試之末，但由于其為考試第一項，所以考生在本項中留給考官們的印象至關(guān)重要?？忌鷤儽仨氄J真對待。

考生在本項考試中必須做到：

1．克服考試開始時的緊張情緒。方法：提前進入考場，適應(yīng)考場環(huán)境。了解考試模式，進行模擬訓(xùn)練。

2．聽清考官所問之問題。若沒有聽懂，可以要求考官重復(fù)其問題。方法：使用I am sorry but could you repeat your question?/I beg your pardon, Madam(Sir)?等句型。

3．全面地回答考官提出的問題，不能跑題。

實用技巧：A.對于考官提出的特殊疑問句，首先使用單詞、詞組或句子給予明確的答復(fù)。然后闡述理由。B.對于考官提出的一般疑問句，首先答復(fù)yes或者no，然后闡述理由。C.對于考官提出的選擇疑問句，方法同A。

4．不要與另一位考生交流，不要干擾另一位考生的答題。

5．有時由于時間問題，考官有可能非常簡單地進行本項甚至打斷考生的答題，這考生的臨場表現(xiàn)沒有任何關(guān)系。出現(xiàn)上述情況，切忌緊張。

第二項：話題的討論

本項考試的時間：6分鐘左右

本項考試的形式：每個考生從給定的三個話題中任選一個進行一分鐘的闡述，在闡述之前有一分鐘進行準備，可以做筆記。另一考生認真聽取對方闡述（可以作筆記），并在對方闡述完畢后，提問其一到兩個問題，對方給予回答。

本項考試內(nèi)容：本項考試中所給出的話題的范圍包括：廣告、求職、通信聯(lián)系、商業(yè)交流、經(jīng)營者與顧客的關(guān)系、財政、會計、生產(chǎn)管理、生產(chǎn)安全、員工健康、員工管

理、員工招聘、員工培訓(xùn)、市場、銷售、貨物運輸、技術(shù)等等。

本項考試的目的是：考官借助考生對自選觀點話題的解釋與闡述，考察考生的英語語言組織

能力（包括個人意見、觀點的提出、表達、解釋和結(jié)論）。同時附帶考察考生的發(fā)音，語法和用詞。

本項考試從難度上來說居于口語三項考試之中。

考生在本項考試中必須做到：

1．充分利用本項開始之前的一分鐘準備時間做好筆記。筆記格式范例：

Opening sentence:______________________________

Main points

*___________________

*___________________

*___________________

Supporting ideas

*___________________

*___________________

*_________________

Concluding sentence:______________________________________________

2．本項考試的順序問題：考生一定要遵守以下的順序。首先提出觀點（參見3）。然后闡述理由，隨即給出具體論據(jù)。最后進行總結(jié)。

3．開頭陳述觀點時所使用的句型：

A.所選擇的觀點本身是特殊疑問句的格式。例如：how to fill a key vacancy

使用：to?, we should?/ we should?in order to?/we can solve the problem by doing?等句型。例如：To fill a key vacancy, we should?./We should?in order to fill a key vacancy./We can solve the problem by?.B.所選擇的觀點本身短語的格式。例如：the importance of having a good CV

使用：I think ? is ?/In my opinion, ? is ?/From my point of view, ? is ?等句型。

例如：From my point of view, the importance of having a good CV is that?

4．結(jié)尾總結(jié)時所用的句型：Therefore,?/In a word,?/That’s my opinion./

5．由于考生在本項考試中只有一分鐘的時間，因此建議考生只陳述一個觀點，給出兩個理由，兩個論據(jù)，一個總結(jié)。共計六句話，時間分配為每句十秒鐘。

6．考生相互詢問以及回答中的注意事項：不要提問對方難度較大或模棱兩可的問題，以免產(chǎn)生不必要的對抗心理。導(dǎo)致后續(xù)考試中合作的不愉快。提問方可以針對某個細節(jié)向?qū)Ψ教釂?，使得對方可以自然的重?fù)自己的觀點?；卮鸱綄μ釂柗降膯栴}僅做簡要回答，主要是重復(fù)自己的觀點。

第三項 問題的討論和解決

本項考試的時間：7分鐘左右

本項考試的形式：每個考生得到相同的文字資料，按照要求對需要解決的問題進行討論，并最終得出結(jié)果?？忌谶M行考試前有30秒時間閱讀文字材料，并且在考試過程中可以參考材料。

本項考試內(nèi)容：本項考試為考生模擬了商業(yè)工作的真實環(huán)境，包括商業(yè)活動中任何可以進行雙向交流的場合。但仍然處于以下范圍中：廣告、求職、通信聯(lián)系、商業(yè)交流、經(jīng)營者與顧客的關(guān)系、財政、會計、生產(chǎn)管理、生產(chǎn)安全、員工健康、員工管理、員工招聘、員工培訓(xùn)、市場、銷售、貨物運輸、技術(shù)等等。

本項考試的目的是：考官考察考生運用英語進行交流的能力。包括：正確的組織和進行對話的能力；對問題做出正確的回應(yīng)和分析的能力；做出判斷的能力。

本項考試從難度上來說居于口語三項考試之首。

考生在本項考試中必須做到：

1．仔細閱讀本項考試文字材料，明確所要達到的目的。（討論什么；決定什么）

2．在討論的開頭迅速對所討論的話題的背景進行簡單介紹。

實用技巧：將文字材料中的字句進行簡化并表達出來。（見范例）

3．兩名考生討論和解決的問題進行。

實用步驟1：一問一答式的討論（范例1）

A提問（一句話）——B回答（一句話），闡述理由（兩句話），A附和（一句話），闡述理由（兩句話）——一B提問（一句話）——A回答（一句話）,闡述理由（兩句話），B附

和（一句話），闡述理由（兩句話）.——A或B定下決定（一句話）——B或A支持決定（一句話）。

這種方法思路清晰明確，但切忌回答過于簡單。

實用步驟2：各自闡述觀點的討論（范例2）

A闡述觀點（一句話）和理由（兩句話）——B對A的觀點表態(tài)（一句話），闡述自己的觀點并闡述理由（兩句話）——雙方討論，深入闡述本人觀點（A，B各兩句話）——定下決定（A，B各一句話）。

這種方法適合對問題的辯論。但考生需注意彼此的交流。

第四篇：劍橋雅思1下載TEST3聽力原文(Section3)

官方網(wǎng)站：004km.cn

劍橋雅思1下載TEST3聽力原文(Section3)

以下是劍橋雅思真題1下載TEST3聽力Section3中的相關(guān)音頻，同學(xué)們可根據(jù)聽力音頻答題，趕快下載來聽。

下面為大家整理了劍橋雅思真題1下載TEST3聽力中Section3聽力原文的詳細內(nèi)容，其中包含了雅思聽力考試Section3的音頻部分，同學(xué)們可在做劍橋雅思真題1下載TEST3聽力(Section3)后，再聽原文兌答案，另外，雅思聽力原文中給出了答案的相關(guān)提示，供同學(xué)們進行下載練習。

SECTION 3

T = Tutor

M = Mark

S = Susan

T: OK, everybody, good morning!It’s Mark’s turn to talk to us today so

Mark, I’ll ask you to get straight down to business.M: Right!

T: Now following on from what we were discussing last week in Susan’s tutorial

on approaches to marketing, you were going to give us a quick run down on

a new strategy for pricing which is now being used by many large companies Q24

known as “revenue management” ? before we go on to your actual tutorial paper on Sales Targets.Is that correct?

M: Yeah, OK, well ?

T: So what exactly is revenue management?

M: Well, it’s a way of managing your pricing by treating things like airline

tickets and hotel rooms rather more as if they were perishable goods.S: Yeah, I just tried to book a ticket yesterday for Perth and would you believe

there are three different prices for the flight?

M: Right!And what was the rationale for that?

官方網(wǎng)站：004km.cn

S: Well ? the travel agent said it depended on when you book and the length

of the stay, like it’s cheap if you stay away for a Saturday night, presumably

because this isn’t business travel and even cheaper if you buy a ticket where Q25

120

Tapescripts

you can’t get a refund if you have to cancel;in that case the ticket costs about half the price.You wouldn’t think it would make that much

difference, would you?

M: Well it does, and that’s basically because the airlines are now treating their

seats like a commodity.You see — if you want a seat today, then you pay far

more for it than if you want it in three weeks’ time.S: That seems rather unfair.M: Well ? not really ? when you think about it, that’s just common sense isn t Q26

if?

S: I suppose so.T: What this actually means is that in the same row of seats on the same flight

you could have three people who have all paid a different price for their

tickets.S: And is this just happening in Australia?

M: No, no it’s the same all over the world.Airlines are able to “market” a seat as

a perishable product, with different values at different stages of its life.S: Well like mangoes or apples at the market.M: Yeah, it’s exactly like that.The fact is that the companies are not actually

interested in selling you a cheap flight!They’re interested in selling the seats Q27

and flying aeroplanes that are full.T: Mark why do you think revenue management has come about?

M: Well, as far as I can see there are two basic reasons: firstly because the law

has been changed to allow the companies to do this.You see in the past they Q28

官方網(wǎng)站：004km.cn

didn’t have the right to keep changing the prices of the tickets, and secondly

we now have very powerful computer programs to do the calculations and so Q29

the prices can be changed at a moment’s notice.S: So you mean ten minutes could be critical when you’re buying a plane ticket?

M: Absolutely!

T: That’s right!

M: And I understand we have almost reached the stage where these computer

programs that the airlines are using will eventually be available to consumers

to find the best deals for their travel plans from their home computer Q30

S: Heavens!What a thought!So the travel agent could easily become a thing of

the past if you could book your airline tickets from home.Are there any

other industries using this system, or is it restricted to the airline business?

M: Many of the big hotel groups are doing it now.That’s why the price of a bed Q31

in a hotel can also vary so much ? depending on when and where you book

it

T: It’s all a bit of a gamble really.M: Yes, and hire car companies are also using revenue management to set their Q32

tariffs, because they are also dealing with a “commodity” if you like ? so the

cost of hiring a car will depend on demand.T: Well, thank you, Mark, for that overview ? that was well researched.Now

let’s get on with your main topic for today?

第五篇：劍橋11 TEXT 1 聽力原文及翻譯

劍橋11 TEXT 1 聽力原文

SECTION 1 Hello?

你好？

Oh, hello.I wanted to enquire about hiring a room in the Village Hall, for the evening of September 1st.您好，我想問一下租用村務(wù)大廳的一間公共會議室的事宜，九月一日晚上要用。

Let me just see...Yes, we have both rooms available that evening.我看看......那天晚上我們的兩個會議室都可以用。

There's our Main Hall-that's got seating for 200 people.Or there's the Charlton Room...一個是主廳，里面可容納200個人。另一間是Charlton會議室......The main hall seats 200, so 200 has been written in the space.主廳可容納200個人，所以空白處應(yīng)該填寫200。

Now we shall begin.You should answer the questions as you listen because you will not hear the recording a second time.Listen carefully and answer questions 1 to 6.現(xiàn)在考試正式開始。你需要在聽的過程中回答問題，因為錄音只播放一次。請仔細聽并回答問題1-6。

Hello?

你好？

Oh, hello.I wanted to enquire about hiring a room in the Village Hall, for the evening of September the first.您好，我想問一下租用村務(wù)大廳的一間公共會議室的事宜，九月一日晚上要用。

Let me just see...Yes, we have both rooms available that evening.我看看......那天晚上我們的兩個會議室都可以用。

There's our Main Hall-that's got seating for 200 people.Or there's the Charlton Room...一個是主廳，里面可容納200個人。另一間是Charlton會議室......Sorry?

不好意思，您說的是什么會議室？

The Charlton Roomcash, credit card, cheque...實際租金隨便怎么支付都可以，現(xiàn)金、刷卡、支票......都沒問題。

Oh, well I suppose that's OK.So does the charge include use of tables and chairs and so on?

嗯，我覺得應(yīng)該沒問題。你們收取的租金里面包括了使用桌椅之類的費用嗎？

Oh, yes.we always advise people to do that.這里的地面坑坑洼洼的，如果你們穿著涼鞋過來的話可能會摔倒。我很高興看見你們都穿了鞋子過來，我們一般都建議大家這么做。

Now, children of all ages are very welcome here, and usually even very young children love the ducks and lambs, so do bring them along next time you come.我們歡迎所有年齡段的孩子來參觀，而且即使特別小的孩子通常也很喜歡這里的鴨子和小羊，所以下次你們過來的時候可以帶他們一起過來。

I don't think any of you have brought dogs with you, but in case you have, I'm afraid they'll have to stay in the car park, unless they're guide dogs.我想你們應(yīng)該沒人帶了狗過來吧，不過以防有人帶了我還是說一下吧，恐怕你們得把狗留在停車場了，除非它們是導(dǎo)盲犬。

I'm sure you'll understand that they could cause a lot of problems on a farm.我相信你們一定會理解的，因為它們可能會在農(nóng)場造成很多麻煩。

......Before you hear the rest of the talk, you have some time to look at questions 15 to 20.在播放剩下的錄音之前，你有一些時間閱讀問題15-20。

......Now listen and answer questions 15 to 20.現(xiàn)在請聽錄音并回答問題15-20。......Now let me give you some idea of the layout of the farm.現(xiàn)在我給你們介紹一下農(nóng)場的布局。

The building where you bought your tickets is the New Barn, immediately to your right, and we're now at the beginning of the main path to the farmland — and of course the car park is on your left.你們剛才買票的那棟樓是New Barn，就在你們右邊；現(xiàn)在我們在去農(nóng)場的主道的入口處，還有，當然啦，停車場在你們左邊。

The scarecrow you can see in the car park in the corner beside the main path, is a traditional figure for keeping the birds away from crops, but our scarecrow is a permanent sculpture.你們在停車場看見的那個放在主干道旁邊角落里的稻草人，是個防止鳥兒靠近莊稼的傳統(tǒng)特色，不過我們的稻草人是個固定的雕塑。

It's taller than a human being, so you can see it from quite a distance.它比真人還要高，所以你們從很遠的地方就能看見它。

If you look ahead of you you'll see a maze.It's opposite the New Barn beside the side path that branches off to the right just over there.往前看的話會看到一個迷宮。就在New Barn對面，那里右邊的分岔路旁邊。

The maze is made out of hedges which are too tall for young children to see over them, but it's quite small, so you can't get lost in it!

圍著這個迷宮的樹籬比較高，小孩子是沒法兒通過籬笆從上往下看的，不過它實際上只是個小迷宮，在里面不會走丟的。

Now can you see the bridge crossing the fish pool further up the main path?

你們能看見主干道遠處那個魚塘上面的橋嗎？

If you want to go to the cafe go towards the bridge and turn right just before it.如果你們想去餐廳的話，就朝著那座橋走，在橋前面右轉(zhuǎn)。

Walk along the side path and the cafe's on the first bend you come to.沿著分岔路一直走，餐廳就在你們看到的第一個拐彎的地方。

The building was originally the schoolhouse, and it's well over a hundred years old.那棟建筑原本是個校舍，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)屹立在那兒一百多年了。

As you may know, we run skills workshops here, where you can learn traditional crafts like woodwork and basket-making.你們也許知道，我們這兒還開了個技能學(xué)習班，在這里可以學(xué)到像木工和編籃子這樣的傳統(tǒng)手工技能。

You can see examples of the work, and talk to someone about the courses, in the Black Barn.你們可以去Black Barn看看樣品，找相關(guān)人員聊聊這些課程。

If you take the side path to the right here just by the New Barn you'll come to the Black Barn just where the path first bends.從New Barn右邊的這條岔路一直走，在第一個拐彎的地方就能找到Black Barn。

Now I mustn't forget to tell you about picnicking, as I can see some of you have brought your lunch with you.現(xiàn)在我要跟你們說一下野餐的事情，因為我看見你們有些人已經(jīng)帶了午餐過來。

You can picnic in the field, though do clear up behind you, of course.你們可以在田里野餐，不過記得吃完要收拾干凈。

Or if you'd prefer a covered picnic area there's one near the farm yard: just after you cross the bridge there's a covered picnics spot on the right.或者，如果你們不喜歡露天用餐的話，可以去農(nóng)場院子附近，過了橋就能看見右邊有個帶屋頂?shù)囊安蛨鏊?/p>

And the last thing to mention is Fiddy House itself.From here you can cross the bridge then walk along the foot path through the field to the left of the farm yard.最后要提的一個地方就是Fiddy House，你們可以從這里過橋，然后沿著步行小徑一直走，穿過田野之后，走到農(nóng)場院子左邊。

That goes to the house, and it'll give you a lovely view of it.這么走就能到達Fiddy House，而且一路上的風景也很漂亮。

It's certainly worth a few photographs, but as it's a private home, I'm afraid you can't go inside.這座房子絕對適合拍幾張照片，不過由于這是私人住宅，你們不能進去參觀。

Right.Well, if you're all ready, we'll set off on our tour of the farm.好了，如果你們都準備好了，那我們就出發(fā)去參觀農(nóng)場吧。

SECTION 3 OK, Greg, so I finally managed to read the article you mentioned — the one about the study on gender in physics.Greg，我終于看完了你提到過的那篇文章，就是那篇關(guān)于研究物理學(xué)系的性別差異的文章。

About the study of college students done by Akira Miyake and his team?

那篇Akira Miyake的團隊研究大學(xué)生的文章？

Yeah.I was interested that the researchers were actually a mix of psychologists and physicists.這些研究人員中實際上既有心理學(xué)家又有物理學(xué)家，這一點讓我很感興趣。

That's an unusual combination.這種組合可不常見。

Yeah.I got a little confused at first about which students the study was based on.對，我一開始還有點弄不清楚，這項研究是針對哪些學(xué)生進行的。

They weren't actually majoring in physics —they were majoring in what's known as the STEM disciplines.他們并不真的都是物理學(xué)專業(yè)的學(xué)生，他們的專業(yè)被稱為STEM學(xué)科。

That's science, technology, engineering and...-...and math.Yes, but they were all doing physics courses as part of their studies.里面包含了科學(xué)、技術(shù)、工程和.....數(shù)學(xué)。對，但是他們的一部分專業(yè)課都包括了物理學(xué)的課程。

That's correct.So as I understood it, Miyake and co started from the fact that women are underrepresented in introductory physics courses at college, and also that on average, the women who do enrol on these courses perform more poorly than the men.沒錯。從我理解的來看，Miyake團隊是以女學(xué)生在物理入門課程中出席率不足這一事實作為切入點的，而且那些選擇了物理課程的女學(xué)生平均成績也要比男學(xué)生差一些。

No one really knows why this is the case.沒人知道為什么會出現(xiàn)這種情況。

Yeah.But what the researchers wanted to find out was basically what they could do about the relatively low level of the women's results.對，但是這些研究人員基本上只是想要弄清楚他們能做些什么，來改善這種女生成績相對較低的情況。

But in order to find a solution they needed to find out more about the nature of the problem.但是為了找到解決方法，他們需要更深入地探究這一問題的本質(zhì)。

Right.Now let's see if I can remember...it was that in the physics class, the female students thought the male students all assumed that women weren't any good at physics...was that it?

沒錯，看我記的對不對......在物理專業(yè)的班級中，女學(xué)生認為班上的男學(xué)生一致覺得她們根本不懂物理，對不對？

And they thought that the men expected them to get poor results in their tests.而且她們還覺得男生指望她們在考試中取得不好的成績。

That's what the women thought, and that made them nervous, so they did get poor results.這只是她們自己以為而已，不過這種想法使她們緊張不安，最終成績不理想。

But actually they were wrong...No one was making an assumptions about the female students at all.但她們是錯的，根本沒人在對女學(xué)生做任何猜想。

Anyway, what Miyake's team did was quite simple — getting the students to do some writing before they went into the physics class.不管怎樣，Miyake團隊做的事情非常簡單，他們讓學(xué)生們在進入物理課教室之前，先寫了一些東西。

What did they call it?

他們管這個叫什么來著？

Values-affirmation —they had to write an essay focusing on things that were significant to them, not particularly to do with the subject they were studying, but more general things like music or people who mattered to them.價值觀認定。學(xué)生們要以對他們來說很重要的事情為題寫一篇文章，不用特地選擇和他們所學(xué)科目相關(guān)的話題，更多的是像音樂或者對他們很重要的人這類更平常的話題。

Right.So the idea of doing the writing is that this gets the students thinking in a positive way.對的，寫這篇文章的想法是讓學(xué)生以一種積極的方式思考。

And putting these thoughts into words can relax them and help them overcome the psychological factors that lead to poor performance.Yeah.而且把這些想法轉(zhuǎn)換成文字，會讓他們放松并幫助他們克服導(dǎo)致成績不佳的心理障礙。

But what the researchers in the study hadn't expected was that this one activity raised the women's physics grades from the C to the B range.但是讓研究人員大感意外的是，這樣一個簡單的舉動竟然使女生的物理成績從C提高到了B。

A huge change.Pity it wasn't to an A, but still!No, but it does suggest that the women were seriously underperforming beforehand, in comparison with the men.成績提高幅度很大啊。雖然很遺憾沒有提高到A，但是也不錯了！不過這確實證明女學(xué)生與男學(xué)生相比，在考試之前就嚴重表現(xiàn)不佳。

Yes.Mind you, Miyake's article left out a lot of details.對，提醒你一下，Miyake的文章中還省略了很多細節(jié)。

Like, did the students do the writing just once, or several times?

比如，這些學(xué)生只寫了一次文章，還是好幾次呢？

And had they been told why they were doing the writing? That might have affected the results.還有，他們有沒有告訴過這些學(xué)生為什么要寫這篇文章？這可能會影響考試成績的。You mean, if they know the researchers thought it might help them to improve, then they'd just try to fulfil that expectation?

你的意思是說，如果學(xué)生知道研究人員認為這個方法也許能幫助他們提高成績的話，他們就會努力達到這個期望？

Exactly.沒錯。

Before you hear the rest of the discussion, you have some time to look at questions 28-30.在播放剩下的錄音之前，你有一些時間閱讀問題28-30。

Now, listen and answer questions 28-30.現(xiàn)在請聽錄音并回答問題28-30。

So anyway, I thought for our project we could do a similar study, but investigate whether it really was the writing activity that had that result.總之，我覺得我們在自己的項目中也可以做個相似的研究，不過我們要調(diào)查的是，是否真的是這個寫作環(huán)節(jié)導(dǎo)致的那個結(jié)果。

OK.So we could ask them to do a writing task about something completely different...something more factual?

好的，我們可以叫他們以某個完全不同的事情，某個更加真實的事情為題寫一篇文章？

Like a general knowledge topic.比如以常識為題。

Maybe...or we could have half the students doing a writing task and half doing something else, like an oral task.也許......我們可以讓一半學(xué)生完成寫作任務(wù)，另一半做點別的事情，比如口頭任務(wù)。

Or even, half do the same writing task as in the original research and half do a factual writing task.再或者，我們可以讓一半學(xué)生做和原本研究中同樣的寫作任務(wù)，剩下的一半以真實事情為題寫一篇文章。Then we'd see if it really is the topic that made the difference, or something else.這樣我們就能知道是否真的是那個話題導(dǎo)致的成績差異，還是其他事情。

That's it.Good.So at our meeting with the supervisor on Monday we can tell him we've decided on our project.就是這樣，太棒了。那我們星期一和導(dǎo)師見面的時候，就可以跟他說我們已經(jīng)決定好做什么項目了。

We should have our aims ready by then.在那之前我們應(yīng)該把目標確定好。

I suppose we need to read the original study — the article's just a summary.我想我們需要把原本的研究看一遍，那篇文章只是個總結(jié)。

And there was another article I read, by Smolinsky.It was about her research on how women and men perform in mixed teams in class, compared with single-sex teams and on their own.我還讀到過另一篇文章，是Smolinsky寫的。這篇文章研究的是，和在單一性別小組以及自己獨自學(xué)習時的表現(xiàn)相比，女生和男生在班上的混合性別小組的表現(xiàn)有什么不同。

Let me guess...the women were better at teamwork.讓我猜猜......女生在團隊合作時表現(xiàn)更好。

That's what I expected, but actually the men and the women got the same results whether they were working in teams or on their own.我也是這么想的，但是事實是，男生和女生無論是在團隊合作還是獨自一人時，表現(xiàn)都是一樣的。

But I guess it's not that relevant to us.不過我想這個和我們的項目沒什么關(guān)系。

What worries me anyway is how we're going to get everything done in the time.我真正擔心的是，要如何按時完成所有的事情。

We'll be OK now we know what we're doing.Though I'm not clear how we assess whether the students in our experiment actually make any progress or not...現(xiàn)在我們已經(jīng)知道要做什么了就沒問題了。不過我不是很清楚要怎么知道參與我們實驗的學(xué)生是否真的取得了進步......No.We may need some advice on that.對啊，我們在這個問題上也許需要一些建議。

The main thing's to make sure we have the right size sample, not too big or too small.主要的事情是，我們要確保試樣規(guī)模正確，不能太大，也不能太小。

That shouldn't be difficult.這應(yīng)該不難。

Right, what do we need to do next?

那我們接下來需要做什么呢？

We could have a look at the time table for the science classes...or perhaps we should just make an appointment to see one of the science professors.That'd be better.我們可以看看科學(xué)系班級的課程表，或者我們也許應(yīng)該跟一位科學(xué)系教授約個時間見一面。這樣也許更好。

Great.And we could even get to observe one of the classes.很好，這樣也許還有機會觀察其中一個班級。

What for?

觀察什么？

Well...OK maybe let's just go with your idea.Right, well...嗯......好吧，也許我們還是直接按照你的想法來吧。SECTION 4 I've been looking at ocean biodiversity, that's the diversity of species that live in the world's oceans.我最近一直在關(guān)注海洋生物多樣性，也就是生活在世界海洋中的生物的多樣性。

About 20 years ago biologists developed the idea of what they called 'biodiversity hotspots'.大約20年前，生物學(xué)家提出了他們稱為“生物多樣性熱點地區(qū)”的概念。

These are the areas which have the greatest mixture of species, so one example is Madagascar.這些地區(qū)擁有最大的混合物種群體，其中一個例子就是馬達加斯加。

These hotspots are significant because they allow us to locate key areas for focusing efforts at conservation.這些熱點地區(qū)至關(guān)重要，因為它們給了我們鎖定關(guān)鍵地區(qū)集中力量進行生物保護的機會。

Biologists can identify hotspots on land, fairly easily, but until recently, very little was known about species distribution and diversity in the oceans, and no one even knew if hotspots existed there.生物學(xué)家們能夠相當輕易地辨認出陸地上的熱點地區(qū)，但是直到最近之前，人們對海洋中的生物分布和多樣性都知之甚少，甚至沒人知道海洋中是否存在這樣的熱點地區(qū)。

Then a Canadian biologist called Boris Worm did some research in 2005 on data on ocean species that he got from the fishing industry.接著在2005年，一個叫Boris Worm的加拿大生物學(xué)家從捕魚業(yè)中獲得了關(guān)于海洋物種的數(shù)據(jù)，并對其進行了研究。

Worm located five hotspots for large ocean predators like sharks, and looked at what they had in common.Worm鎖定了海洋中像鯊魚這樣的大型食肉動物生活的五個熱點地區(qū)，然后研究了它們的共同點。

The main thing he'd expected to find was that they had very high concentrations of food but to his surprise that was only true for four of the hotspots — the remaining hotspot was quite badly off in that regard.他預(yù)計會出現(xiàn)的主要共同點是，在這些地區(qū)都有高度集中的食物來源，但是令他感到意外的是，這一觀點只適用于其中四個熱點地區(qū)，剩下的那個地區(qū)在這方面境況十分不佳。

But what he did find was that in all cases, the water at the surface of the ocean had relatively high temperatures even when it was cool at greater depths, so this seemed to be a factor in supporting a diverse range of these large predators.不過他在所有案例中都發(fā)現(xiàn)了的一件事是，即使那些海域深處的水溫較低，但它們表層水溫都相對較高。這一點似乎能夠成為支持大型海洋食肉動物多樣化分布的因素。

However, this wasn't enough on its own, because he also found that the water needed to have enough oxygen in it— so these two factors seemed necessary to support the high metabolic rate of these large fish.但是只有這一點還遠遠不夠，因為他還發(fā)現(xiàn)海水中需要飽含足夠的氧氣，于是這兩個因素一起便足夠證明這些大型魚類的高代謝率觀點了。

A couple of years later, in 2007, a researcher called Lisa Ballance, who was working in California, also started looking for ocean hotspots, but not for fish —what she was interested in was marine mammals things like seals.兩年之后，在2007年，一位在加利福尼亞州工作的研究人員，Lisa Ballance也開始尋找海洋熱點地區(qū)。不過她感興趣的不是魚類，而是海洋哺乳動物，比如海豹。

And she found three places in the oceans which were hotspots, and what these had in common was that these hotspots were all located at boundaries between ocean currents, and this seems to be the sort of place that has lots of the plankton that some of these species feed on.她在海洋中找到了三個熱點地區(qū)，它們的共同之處在于，所有的這些熱點地區(qū)都位于洋流的交界處。這些海域中似乎擁有大量的浮游生物可供海洋哺乳動物食用。

So now people who want to protect the species that are endangered need to get as much information as possible.如今人們想要保護瀕危物種的話，就要盡可能多地獲取相關(guān)信息。

For example, there's an international project called the Census of Marine Life.舉個例子來說，有一個國際工程叫做Census of Marine Life。

They've been surveying oceans all over the world, including the Arctic.他們調(diào)查了世界上所有的海洋，包括北極地區(qū)的海洋。

One thing they found there which stunned other researchers was that there were large numbers of species which live below the ice — sometimes under a layer up to 20 meters thick.他們在那兒發(fā)現(xiàn)了令其他研究人員瞠目結(jié)舌的一件事，那就是冰層之下生活著大量的生物物種，有些甚至生活在20米厚的冰層之下。

Some of these species had never been seen before.這些物種中有些人們之前從未見過。

They've even found species of octopus living in these conditions.他們甚至還發(fā)現(xiàn)一種章魚也生活在這種環(huán)境中。

And other scientists working on the same project, but researching very different habitats on the ocean floor, have found large numbers of species congregating around volcanoes, attracted to them by the warmth and nutrients there.其他科學(xué)家也從事同樣的研究，但他們研究的是海底的一些非常與眾不同的棲息地。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)有大量生物聚集在海底火山周圍，吸引它們過來的是那里溫暖的海水和豐富的營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)。

......However, biologists still don't know how serious the threat to their survival is for each individual species.但是，生物學(xué)家仍不知道每種生物的生存受到的威脅有多么嚴重。

So a body called the Global Marine Species Assessment is now creating a list of endangered species on land.于是現(xiàn)在一個名叫Global Marine Species Assessment 的組織正在編寫一份陸地上瀕危物種的名單。

So they consider things like the size of the population — how many members of one species there are in a particular place — and then they look at their distribution in geographical terms.他們考慮的是像族群規(guī)模（特定地區(qū)內(nèi)某一生物的數(shù)量有多少）這樣的因素，然后，他們便著眼于這些生物在地理上的分布。

Although this is quite difficult when you're looking at fish, because they're so mobile, and then thirdly the calculate the rate at which the decline of the species is happening.不過這一點在觀察魚類的時候相當困難，因為它們流動性太大了。第三步是計算這種生物數(shù)量減少的比率。

So far only 1, 500 species have been assessed, but they want to increase this figure to 20, 000.到目前為止，他們只評估了1500種生物，不過他們希望將這一數(shù)字增加到20000。

For each one they assess, they use the data they collect on that species to produce a map showing its distribution.他們在評估每一種生物時，都會用他們收集到的關(guān)于這種生物的數(shù)據(jù)來繪制一幅地圖，顯示它們的分布。

Ultimately they will be able to use these to figure out not only where most species are located but also where they are most threatened.最終，他們將不僅可以通過這些地圖發(fā)現(xiàn)大部分生物生活的地點，還能弄清楚它們在哪里受到的威脅最大。

So finally, what can be done to retain the diversity of species in the world's oceans?

那么，要保持世界海洋中的生物多樣性，我們能做些什么呢？

Firstly, we need to set up more reserves in our oceans, places where marine species are protected.首先，我們要在海洋中設(shè)置更多自然保護區(qū)，在保護區(qū)內(nèi)海洋生物可以受到保護。

We have some, but not enough.目前海洋中已經(jīng)有了一些保護區(qū)，但是還遠遠不夠。

In addition, to preserve species such as leatherback turtles, which live out in the high seas but have their nesting sites on the American coast, we need to create corridors for migration, so they can get from one area to another safely.另外，還有一些生物比如棱皮龜，它們生活在外海中，但是筑巢點卻在美國海岸，為了保護它們，我們需要建立一些遷徙廊道，這樣它們就能從一個地區(qū)安全地到達另一個地區(qū)了。

As well as this, action needs to be taken to lower the levels of fishing quotas to prevent overfishing of endangered species.除此之外，我們還需要采取行動降低捕魚限額，以防止瀕危物種被過度捕撈。

And finally, there's the problem of 'by-catch'.最后，還存在“副漁獲”的問題。

This refers to the catching of unwanted fish by fishing boats — they're returned to the sea, but they're often dead or dying.“副漁獲”指的是漁船會捕撈到不想要的魚類，他們通常會把這些魚放回大海，但是放生時這些魚一般已經(jīng)死了或者命不久矣。If these commercial fishing boats used equipment which was more selective, so that only the fish wanted for consumption were caught, this problem could be overcome.如果這些商業(yè)捕漁船能夠使用挑選更加仔細的設(shè)備，以便只捕撈想要消費的魚類，那么這個問題就能得以解決了。

OK.So does anyone have any questions...好了，有人想要問我問題嗎......