第一篇：考編英語(yǔ)真題

PART IIREADING COMPREHENSION(30 MIN)

In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions.Read the passages and then mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet.TEXT A

Still, the image of any city has a half-life of many years.(So does its name, officially changed in 2001 from Calcutta to Kolkata, which is closer to what the word sounds like in Bengali.Conversing in English, I never heard anyone call the city anything but Calcutta.)To Westerners, the conveyance most identified with Kolkata is not its modern subway—a facility whose spacious stations have art on the walls and cricket matches on television monitors—but the hand-pulled rickshaw.Stories and films celebrate a primitive-looking cart with high wooden wheels, pulled by someone who looks close to needing the succor of Mother Teresa.For years the government has been talking about eliminating hand-pulled rickshaws on what it calls humanitarian grounds—principally on the ground that, as the mayor of Kolkata has often said, it is offensive to see “one man sweating and straining to pull another man.” But these days politicians also lament the impact of 6,000 hand-pulled rickshaws on a modern city’s traffic and, particularly, on its image.“Westerners try to associate beggars and these rickshaws with the Calcutta landscape, but this is not what Calcutta stands for,” the chief minister of West Bengal, Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, said in a press conference in 2006.“Our city stands for prosperity and development.” The chief minister—the equivalent of a state governor—went on to announce that hand-pulled rickshaws soon would be banned from the streets of Kolkata.Rickshaws are not there to haul around tourists.(Actually, I saw almost no tourists in Kolkata, apart from the young backpackers on Sudder Street, in what used to be a red-light district and is now said to be the single place in the city where the services a rickshaw puller offers may include providing female company to a gentleman for the evening.)It’s the people in the lanes who most regularly use rickshaws—not the poor but people who are just a notch above the poor.They are people who tend to travel short distances, through lanes that are sometimes inaccessible to even the most daring taxi driver.An older woman with marketing to do, for instance, can arrive in a rickshaw, have the rickshaw puller wait until she comes back from various stalls to load her purchases, and then be taken home.People in the lanes use rickshaws as a 24-hour ambulance service.Proprietors of cafés or corner stores send rickshaws to collect their supplies.(One morning I saw a rickshaw puller take on a load of live chickens—tied in pairs by the feet so they could be draped over the shafts and the folded back canopy and even the axle.By the time he trotted off, he was carrying about a hundred upside-down chickens.)The rickshaw pullers told me their steadiest customers are schoolchildren.Middle-class families contract with a puller to take a child to school and pick him up;the puller essentially becomes a family retainer.From June to September Kolkata can get torrential rains, and its drainage system doesn’t need torrential rain to begin backing up.Residents who favor a touch of hyperbole say that in Kolkata “if a stray cat pees, there’s a flood.” During my stay it once rained for about 48 hours.Entire neighborhoods couldn’t be reached by motorized vehicles, and the newspapers showed pictures of rickshaws being pulled through water that was up to the pullers’ waists.When it’s raining, the normal customer base for rickshaw pullers expands greatly, as does the price of a journey.A writer in Kolkata told me, “When it rains, even the governor takes rickshaws.”

While I was in Kolkata, a magazine called India Today published its annual ranking of Indian states, according to such measurements as prosperity and infrastructure.Among India’s 20 largest states, Bihar finished dead last, as it has for four of the past five years.Bihar, a couple hundred miles north of Kolkata, is where the vast majority of rickshaw pullers come from.Once in Kolkata, they sleep on the street or in their rickshaws or in a dera—a combination garage and repair shop and dormitory managed by someone called a sardar.For sleeping privileges in a dera, pullers pay 100 rupees(about $2.50)a month, which sounds like a pretty good deal until you’ve visited a dera.They gross between 100 and 150 rupees a day, out of which they have to pay 20 rupees for the use of the rickshaw and an occasional 75 or more for a payoff if a policeman stops them for, say, crossing a street where rickshaws are prohibited.A 2003 study found that rickshaw pullers are near the bottom of Kolkata occupations in income, doing better than only the ragpickers and the beggars.For someone without land or education, that still beats trying to make a living in Bihar.There are people in Kolkata, particularly educated and politically aware people, who will not ride in a rickshaw, because they are offended by the idea of being pulled by another human being or because they consider it not the sort of thing people of their station do or because they regard the hand-pulled rickshaw as a relic of colonialism.Ironically, some of those people are not enthusiastic about banning rickshaws.The editor of the editorial pages of Kolkata’s Telegraph—Rudrangshu Mukherjee, a former academic who still writes history books—told me, for instance, that he sees humanitarian considerations as coming down on the side of keeping hand-pulled rickshaws on the road.“I refuse to be carried by another human being myself,” he said, “but I question whether we have the right to take away their livelihood.” Rickshaw supporters point out that when it comes to demeaning occupations, rickshaw pullers are hardly unique in Kolkata.When I asked one rickshaw puller if he thought the government’s plan to rid the city of rickshaws was based on a genuine interest in his welfare, he smiled, with a quick shake of his head—a gesture I interpreted to mean, “If you are so naive as to ask such a question, I will answer it, but it is not worth wasting words on.” Some rickshaw pullers I met were resigned to the imminent end of their livelihood and pin their hopes on being offered something in its place.As migrant workers, they don’t have the political clout enjoyed by, say, Kolkata’s sidewalk hawkers, who, after supposedly being scaled back at the beginning of the modernization drive, still clog the sidewalks, selling absolutely everything—or, as I found during the 48 hours of rain, absolutely everything but umbrellas.“The government was the government of the poor people,” one sardar told me.“Now they shake hands with the capitalists and try to get rid of poor people.”

But others in Kolkata believe that rickshaws will simply be confined more strictly to certain neighborhoods, out of the view of World Bank traffic consultants and California investment delegations—or that they will be allowed to die out naturally as they’re supplanted by more modern conveyances.Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, after all, is not the first high West Bengal official to say that rickshaws would be off the streets of Kolkata in a matter of months.Similar statements have been made as far back as 1976.The ban decreed by Bhattacharjee has been delayed by a court case and by a widely held belief that some retraining or social security settlement ought to be offered to rickshaw drivers.It may also have been delayed by a quiet reluctance to give up something that has been part of the fabric of the city for more than a century.Kolkata, a resident told me, “has difficulty letting go.” One day a city official handed me a report from the municipal government laying out options for how rickshaw pullers might be rehabilitated.“Which option has been chosen?” I asked, noting that the report was dated almost exactly a year before my visit.“That hasn’t been decided,” he said.“When will it be decided?”

“That hasn’t been decided,” he said.11.According to the passage, rickshaws are used in Kolkata mainly for the following EXCEPT A.taking foreign tourists around the city.B.providing transport to school children.C.carrying store supplies and purchases

D.carrying people over short distances.12.Which of the following statements best describes the rickshaw pullers from Bihar? A.They come from a relatively poor area.B.They are provided with decent accommodation.C.Their living standards are very low in Kolkata.D.They are often caught by policemen in the streets.13.That “For someone without land or education, that still beats trying to make a living in Bihar”(4 paragraph)means that even so, A.the poor prefer to work and live in Bihar.B.the poor from Bihar fare better than back home.C.the poor never try to make a living in Bihar.D.the poor never seem to resent their life in Kolkata.14.We can infer from the passage that some educated and politically aware people A.hold mixed feelings towards rickshaws.B.strongly support the ban on rickshaws.C.call for humanitarian actions fro rickshaw pullers.D.keep quiet on the issue of banning rickshaws.15.Which of the following statements conveys the author’s sense of humor? A.“?not the poor but people who are just a notch above the poor.”(2 paragraph)B.“?,.which sounds like a pretty good deal until you’ve visited a dera.”(4 paragraph)C.Kolkata, a resident told me, “ has difficulty letting go.”(7 paragraph).D.“?or, as I found during the 48 hours of rain, absolutely everything but umbrellas.”(6 paragraph)16.The dialogue between the author and the city official at the end of the passage seems to suggest A.the uncertainty of the court’s decision.B.the inefficiency of the municipal government.C.the difficulty of finding a good solution.D.the slowness in processing options.TEXT B Depending on whom you believe, the average American will, over a lifetime, wait in lines for two years(says National Public Radio)or five years(according to customer-loyalty experts).The crucial word is average, as wealthy Americans routinely avoid lines altogether.Once the most democratic of institutions, lines are rapidly becoming the exclusive province of suckers(people who still believe in and practice waiting in lines).Poor suckers, mostly.Airports resemble France before the Revolution: first-class passengers enjoy “élite” security lines and priority boarding, and disembark before the unwashed in coach, held at bay by a flight attendant, are allowed to foul the Jetway.At amusement parks, too, you can now buy your way out of line.This summer I haplessly watched kids use a $52 Gold Flash Pass to jump the lines at Six Flags New England, and similar systems are in use in most major American theme parks, from Universal Orlando to Walt Disney World, where the haves get to watch the have-mores breeze past on their way to their seats.Flash Pass teaches children a valuable lesson in real-world economics: that the rich are more important than you, especially when it comes to waiting.An NBA player once said to me, with a bemused chuckle of disbelief, that when playing in Canada--get this--“we have to wait in the same customs line as everybody else.”

Almost every line can be breached for a price.In several U.S.cities this summer, early arrivers among the early adopters waiting to buy iPhones offered to sell their spots in the lines.On Craigslist, prospective iPhone purchasers offered to pay “waiters” or “placeholders” to wait in line for them outside Apple stores.Inevitably, some semi-populist politicians have seen the value of sort-of waiting in lines with the ordinary people.This summer Philadelphia mayor John Street waited outside an AT&T store from 3:30 a.m.to 11:30 a.m.before a stand-in from his office literally stood in for the mayor while he conducted official business.And billionaire New York mayor Michael Bloomberg often waits for the subway with his fellow citizens, though he's first driven by motorcade past the stop nearest his house to a station 22 blocks away, where the wait, or at least the ride, is shorter.As early as elementary school, we're told that jumping the line is an unethical act, which is why so many U.S.lawmakers have framed the immigration debate as a kind of fundamental sin of the school lunch line.Alabama Senator Richard Shelby, to cite just one legislator, said amnesty would allow illegal immigrants “to cut in line ahead of millions of people.”

Nothing annoys a national lawmaker more than a person who will not wait in line, unless that line is in front of an elevator at the U.S.Capitol, where Senators and Representatives use private elevators, lest they have to queue with their constituents.But compromising the integrity of the line is not just antidemocratic, it's out-of-date.There was something about the orderly boarding of Noah's Ark, two by two, that seemed to restore not just civilization but civility during the Great Flood.How civil was your last flight? Southwest Airlines has first-come, first-served festival seating.But for $5 per flight, an unaffiliated company called BoardFirst.com will secure you a coveted “A” boarding pass when that airline opens for online check-in 24 hours before departure.Thus, the savvy traveler doesn't even wait in line when he or she is online.Some cultures are not renowned for lining up.Then again, some cultures are too adept at lining up: a citizen of the former Soviet Union would join a queue just so he could get to the head of that queue and see what everyone was queuing for.And then there is the U.S., where society seems to be cleaving into two groups: Very Important Persons, who don't wait, and Very Impatient Persons, who do--unhappily.For those of us in the latter group--consigned to coach, bereft of Flash Pass, too poor or proper to pay a placeholder--what do we do? We do what Vladimir and Estragon did in Waiting for Godot: “We wait.We are bored.”

17.What does the following sentence mean? “Once the most democratic of institutions, lines are rapidly becoming the exclusive province of suckers?Poor suckers, mostly.”(2 paragraph)A.Lines are symbolic of America’s democracy.B.Lines still give Americans equal opportunities.C.Lines are now for ordinary Americans only.D.Lines are for people with democratic spirit only.18.Which of the following is NOT cited as an example of breaching the line? A.Going through the customs at a Canadian airport.B.Using Gold Flash Passes in amusement parks.C.First-class passenger status at airports.D.Purchase of a place in a line from a placeholder.19.We can infer from the passage that politicians(including mayors and Congressmen)A.prefer to stand in lines with ordinary people.B.advocate the value of waiting in lines.C.believe in and practice waiting in lines.D.exploit waiting in lines for their own good.20.What is the tone of the passage? A.Instructive.B.Humorous.C.Serious.D.Teasing.TEXT C

A bus took him to the West End, where, among the crazy coloured fountains of illumination, shattering the blue dusk with green and crimson fire, he found the café of his choice, a tea-shop that had gone mad and turned.Bbylonian, a while palace with ten thousand lights.It towered above the other building like a citadel, which indeed it was, the outpost of a new age, perhaps a new civilization, perhaps a new barbarism;and behind the thin marble front were concrete and steel, just as behind the careless profusion of luxury were millions of pence, balanced to the last halfpenny.Somewhere in the background, hidden away, behind the ten thousand llights and acres of white napery and bewildering glittering rows of teapots, behind the thousand waitresses and cash-box girls and black-coated floor managers and temperamental long-haired violinists, behind the mounds of cauldrons of stewed steak, the vanloads of ices, were a few men who went to work juggling with fractions of a farming, who knew how many units of electricity it took to finish a steak-and-kidney pudding and how many minutes and seconds a waitress(five feet four in height and in average health)would need to carry a tray of given weight from the kitchen life to the table in the far corner.In short, there was a warm, sensuous, vulgar life flowering in the upper storeys, and a cold science working in the basement.Such as the gigantic tea-shop into which Turgis marched, in search not of mere refreshment but of all the enchantment of unfamiliar luxury.Perhaps he knew in his heart that men have conquered half the known world, looted whole kingdoms, and never arrived in such luxury.The place was built for him.It was built for a great many other people too, and, as usual, they were al there.It seemed with humanity.The marble entrance hall, piled dizzily with bonbons and cakes, was as crowded and bustling as a railway station.The gloom and grime of the streets, the raw air, all November, were at once left behind, forgotten: the atmosphere inside was golden, tropical, belonging to some high mid-summer of confectionery.Disdaining the lifts, Turgis, once more excited by the sight, sound, and smell of it all, climbed the wide staircase until he reached his favourite floor, whre an orchestra, led by a young Jewish violinist with wandering lustrous eyes and a passion for tremolo effects, acted as a magnet to a thousand girls, scented air, the sensuous clamour of the strings;and, as he stood hesitating a moment, half dazed, there came, bowing, s sleek grave man, older than he was and far more distinguished than he could ever hope to be, who murmured deferentially: “ For one, sir? This way, please,” Shyly, yet proudly, Turgis followed him.21.That “behind the thin marble front were concrete and steel” suggests that A.modern realistic commercialism existed behind the luxurious appearance.B.there was a fundamental falseness in the style and the appeal of the café..C.the architect had made a sensible blend of old and new building materials.D.the café was based on physical foundations and real economic strength.22.The following words or phrases are somewhat critical of the tea-shop EXCEPT A.“?turned Babylonian”.B.“perhaps a new barbarism’.C.“acres of white napery”.D.“balanced to the last halfpenny”.23.In its context the statement that “ the place was built for him” means that the café was intended to A.please simple people in a simple way.B.exploit gullible people like him.C.satisfy a demand that already existed.D.provide relaxation for tired young men.24.Which of the following statements about the second paragraph is NOT true? A.The café appealed to most senses simultaneously.B.The café was both full of people and full of warmth.C.The inside of the café was contrasted with the weather outside.D.It stressed the commercial determination of the café owners.25.The following are comparisons made by the author in the second paragraph EXCEPT that A.the entrance hall is compared to a railway station.B.the orchestra is compared to a magnet.C.Turgis welcomed the lift like a conquering soldier.D.the interior of the café is compared to warm countries.26.The author’s attitude to the café is A.fundamentally critical.B.slightly admiring.C.quite undecided.D.completely neutral.TEXT D I Now elsewhere in the world, Iceland may be spoken of, somewhat breathlessly, as western Europe’s last pristine wilderness.But the environmental awareness that is sweeping the world had bypassed the majority of Icelanders.Certainly they were connected to their land, the way one is complicatedly connected to, or encumbered by, family one can’t do anything about.But the truth is, once you’re off the beat-en paths of the low-lying coastal areas where everyone lives, the roads are few, and they’re all bad, so Iceland’s natural wonders have been out of reach and unknown even to its own inhab-itants.For them the land has always just been there, something that had to be dealt with and, if possible, exploited—the mind-set being one of land as commodity rather than land as, well, priceless art on the scale of the “Mona Lisa.”

When the opportunity arose in 2003 for the national power company to enter into a 40-year contract with the American aluminum company Alcoa to supply hydroelectric power for a new smelter, those who had been dreaming of some-thing like this for decades jumped at it and never looked back.Iceland may at the moment be one of the world’s richest countries, with a 99 percent literacy rate and long life expectancy.But the proj-ect’s advocates, some of them getting on in years, were more emotionally attuned to the country’s century upon century of want, hardship, and colonial servitude to Denmark, which officially had ended only in 1944 and whose psychological imprint remained relatively fresh.For the longest time, life here had meant little more than a sod hut, dark all winter, cold, no hope, children dying left and right, earthquakes, plagues, starvation, volcanoes erupting and destroying all vegeta-tion and livestock, all spirit—a world revolving almost entirely around the welfare of one’s sheep and, later, on how good the cod catch was.In the outlying regions, it still largely does.Ostensibly, the Alcoa project was intended to save one of these dying regions—the remote and sparsely populated east—where the way of life had steadily declined to a point of desperation and gloom.After fishing quotas were imposed in the early 1980s to protect fish stocks, many indi-vidual boat owners sold their allotments or gave them away, fishing rights ended up mostly in the hands of a few companies, and small fishermen were virtually wiped out.Technological advances drained away even more jobs previously done by human hands, and the people were seeing every-thing they had worked for all their lives turn up worthless and their children move away.With the old way of life doomed, aluminum projects like this one had come to be perceived, wisely or not, as a last chance.“Smelter or death.”

The contract with Alcoa would infuse the re-gion with foreign capital, an estimated 400 jobs, and spin-off service industries.It also was a way for Iceland to develop expertise that potentially could be sold to the rest of the world;diversify an economy historically dependent on fish;and, in an appealing display of Icelandic can-do verve, perhaps even protect all of Iceland, once and for all, from the unpredictability of life itself.“We have to live,” Halldór ásgrímsson said in his sad, sonorous voice.Halldór, a former prime minister and longtime member of parliament from the region, was a driving force behind the project.“We have a right to live.”

27.According to the passage, most Icelanders view land as something of A.environmental value.B.commercial value.C.potential value for tourism.D.great value for livelihood.28.What is Iceland’s old-aged advocates’ feeling towards the Alcoa project? A.Iceland is wealthy enough to reject the project.B.The project would lower life expectancy.C.The project would cause environmental problems.D.The project symbolizes and end to the colonial legacies.29.The disappearance of the old way of life was due to all the following EXCEPT A.fewer fishing companies.B.fewer jobs available.C.migration of young people.D.Imposition of fishing quotas.30.The 4 paragraph in the passage A.sums up the main points of the passage.B.starts to discuss an entirely new point.C.elaborates on the last part of the 3 paragraph.D.continues to depict the bleak economic situation.PART III

GENERAL KNOWLEDGE(10 MIN)

There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section.Choose the best answer to each question.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.31.Which of the following statements in INCORRECT? A.The British constitution includes the Magna Carta of 1215.B.The British constitution includes Parliamentary acts.C.The British constitution includes decisions made by courts of law.D.The British constitution includes one single written constitution.32.The first city ever founded in Canada is A.Quebec.B.Vancouver.C.Toronto.D.Montreal.33.When did the Australian Federation officially come into being? A.1770.B.1788.C.1900.D.1901.34.The Emancipation Proclamation to end the slavery plantation system in the South of the U.S.was issued by A.Abraham Lincoln.B.Thomas Paine.C.George Washington.D.Thomas Jefferson.35.________ is best known for the technique of dramatic monologue in his poems..A.Will Blake

B.W.B.Yeats C.Robert Browning D.William Wordsworth 36.The Financier is written by A.Mark Twain.B.Henry James.C.William Faulkner.D.Theodore Dreiser.37.In literature a story in verse or prose with a double meaning is defined as A.Allegory.B.Sonnet.C.blank verse.D.rhyme.38.________ refers to the learning and development of a language.A.Language acquisition

B.Language comprehension C.Language production

D.Language instruction 39.The word “ Motel” comes from “motor + hotel”.This is an example of ________ in morphology.A.Backformation B.Conversion C.Blending D.acronym 40.Language is t tool of communication.The symbol “ Highway Closed” on a highway serves A.an expressive function.B.an informative function.C.a performative function.D.a persuasive function.Part IV

Proofreading & Error Correction(15 min)

The passage contains TEN errors.Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error.In each case, only ONE word is involved.You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:

For a wrong word,underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.For a missing word，mark the position of the missing word with a “∧” sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.For a unnecessary word,cross the unnecessary word with a slash “/” and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.EXAMPLE

When ∧ art museum wants a new exhibit, it buys things in finished form and hangs them on the wall.When a natural history museum wants an exhibition, it must often build it.So far as we can tell, all human languages are equally complete and perfect as instruments of communication: that is, every language appears to be well equipped as any other to say the things their speakers want to say.There may or may not be appropriate to talk about primitive peoples or cultures, but that is another matter.Certainly, not all groups of people are equally competent in nuclear physics or psychology or the cultivation of rice or the engraving of Benares brass.Whereas this is not the fault of their language.The Eskimos can speak about snow with a great deal more precision and subtlety than we can in English, but this is not because the Eskimo language(one of those sometimes miscalled 'primitive')is inherently more precise and subtle than English.This example does not come to light a defect in English, a show of unexpected 'primitiveness'.The position is simply and obviously that the Eskimos and the English live in similar environments.The English language will be just as rich in terms for similar kinds of snow, presumably, if the environments in which English was habitually used made such distinction as important.Similarly, we have no reason to doubt that the Eskimo language could be as precise and subtle on the subject of motor manufacture or cricket if these topics formed the part of the Eskimos' life.For obvious historical reasons, Englishmen in the nineteenth century could not talk about motorcars with the minute discrimination which is possible today: cars were not a part of their culture.But they had a host of terms for horse-drawn vehicles which send us, puzzled, to a historical dictionary when we are reading Scott or Dickens.How many of us could distinguish between a chaise, a landau, a victoria, a brougham, a coupe, a gig, a diligence, a whisky, a calash, a tilbury, a carriole, a phaeton, and a clarence ?

PART VTRANSLATION(60 MIN)

SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH

Translate the underlined part of the following text into English.Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.朋友關(guān)系的存續(xù)是以相互尊重為前提的, 容不得半點(diǎn)強(qiáng)求、干涉和控制。朋友之間, 情趣相投、脾氣對(duì)味則合、則交;反之, 則離、則絕。朋友之間再熟悉, 再親密, 也不能隨便過(guò)頭，不恭不敬。不然，默契和平衡將被打破, 友好關(guān)系將不復(fù)存在。每個(gè)人都希望擁有自己的私密空間，朋友之間過(guò)于隨便，就容易侵入這片禁區(qū)，從而引起沖突，造成隔閡。待友不敬，或許只是一件小事，卻可能已埋下了破壞性的種子。維持朋友親密關(guān)系的最好辦法是往來(lái)有節(jié)，互不干涉。

SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE

Translate the following text into Chinese.Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.I thought that it was a Sunday morning in May;that it was Easter Sunday, and as yet very early in the morning.I was standing at the door of my own cottage.Right before me lay the very scene which could really be commanded from that situation, but exalted, as was usual, and solemnized by the power of dreams.There were the same mountains, and the same lovely valley at their feet;but the mountains were raised to more than Alpine height, and there was interspace far larger between them of meadows and forest lawns;the hedges were rich with white roses;and no living creature was to be seen except that in the green churchyard there were cattle tranquilly reposing upon the graves, and particularly round about the grave of a child whom I had once tenderly loved, just as I had really seen them, a little before sunrise in the same summer, when that child died.我想那是五月的一個(gè)周日的早晨；那天是復(fù)活節(jié)，一個(gè)大清早上。我站在自家小屋的門口。就在我的面前展現(xiàn)出了那么一番景色，從我那個(gè)位置其實(shí)能夠盡收眼底，可是夢(mèng)里的感覺(jué)往往如此，由于夢(mèng)幻的力量，這番景象顯得超凡出塵，一派肅穆氣象。群山形狀相同，其山腳下都有著同樣可愛(ài)的山谷；不過(guò)群山挺然參天，高于阿爾卑斯峰，諸山相距空曠，豐草如茵，林地開(kāi)闊，錯(cuò)落其間；樹(shù)籬上的白玫瑰娟娟彌望；遠(yuǎn)近看不見(jiàn)任何生物，唯有蒼翠的教堂庭院里，牛群靜靜地臥躺在那片郁郁蔥蔥的墓地歇息，好幾頭圍繞著一個(gè)小孩的墳?zāi)?。我曾?duì)她一腔柔情，那年夏天是在旭日東升的前一刻，那孩子死去了，我如同當(dāng)年那樣望著牛群。

PART VI

WRITING(45 MIN)

Recently newspapers have reported that officials in a little-known mountainous area near Guiyang, Guizhou Province wanted to turn the area into a “central business district” for Guiyang and invited a foreign design company to give it a n entirely new look.The design company came up with a blueprint for unconventional, super-futuristic buildings.Tis triggered off different responses.Some appreciated the bold innovation of the design, but others held that it failed to reflect regional characteristics or local cultural heritage.What is your view on this? Write an essay of about 400 words.You should supply an appropriate title for your essay.In the first part of your writing you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details.In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness.Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.—THE END –

參考答案 tones of voice 2 huskiness 3 universal signal;4 thought or uncertainty 5 indifference 6 honesty 7 distance;8 situation;9 mood;10 unconsciously same posture SECTION B INTERVIEW

1.C 2.A 3.D 4.A 5.C 6.B 7.C

8.D 9.D 10.A PART IIREADING COMPREHENSION

11.A 12.C 13.B 14.A 15.D 16.C 17.C 18.A 19.D 20.B 21.A 22.B 23.B 24.B 25.C 26.A 27.D 28.D 29.A 30.C

31-35 DAAAC

36-40 DAACB

Part IV Proofreading & Error Correction 1 be后插入as;2 their改為its;3 There改為It;4 Whereas改為But 5 further 改為much 6 come改為bring;7 similar改為different;8 will改為would;9 as important去掉as;10 the part去掉the

SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH Friends tend to become more intimated if they have the same interests and temper, they can get along well and keep contacting;otherwise they will separate and end the relationship.Friends who are more familiar and closer can not be too casual and show no respect.Otherwise the harmony and balance will be broken, and the friendship will also be nonexistent any more.Everyone hopes to have his own private space, and if too casual among friends, it is easy to invade this piece of restricted areas, which will lead to the conflict, resulting in alienation.It may be a small matter to be rude to friends;however, it is likely to plant the devastating seeds.The best way to keep the close relationship between friends is to keep contacts with restraint, and do not bother each other.SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE 我想那是五月的一個(gè)周日的早晨；那天是復(fù)活節(jié)，一個(gè)大清早上。我站在自家小屋的門口。就在我的面前展現(xiàn)出了那么一番景色，從我那個(gè)位置其實(shí)能夠盡收眼底，可是夢(mèng)里的感覺(jué)往往如此，由于夢(mèng)幻的力量，這番景象顯得超凡出塵，一派肅穆氣象。群山形狀相同，其山腳下都有著同樣可愛(ài)的山谷；不過(guò)群山挺然參天，高于阿爾卑斯峰，諸山相距空曠，豐草如茵，林地開(kāi)闊，錯(cuò)落其間；樹(shù)籬上的白玫瑰娟娟彌望；遠(yuǎn)近看不見(jiàn)任何生物，唯有蒼翠的教堂庭院里，牛群靜靜地臥躺在那片郁郁蔥蔥的墓地歇息，好幾頭圍繞著一個(gè)小孩的墳?zāi)?。我曾?duì)她一腔柔情，那年夏天是在旭日東升的前一刻，那孩子死去了，我如同當(dāng)年那樣望著牛群。

PART VI WRITING The important role of a city’s local conditions in the urban design Recently there is a hot debate on a report that a foreign design company invited by a little-known mountainous area in Guiyang provided a design without paying too much attention to the city’s unique characteristics.Some people appreciate the bold innovation of the design but others do not like it.In my opinion, any urban design should take the city’s original cultural heritage into account.The designers should suit their design to local conditions and try to take advantage of the local resources.First, a city’s regional characteristics or local cultural heritage are its symbol, its identity.In a mountainous area, too many unconventional, super-futuristic buildings will not be compatible with the city’s landscapes.Without these landscapes, it is just another so called modern city composed of concrete and steel.Take Beijing for example.In the past few years, Beijing has been removing a large number of such alleys traditionally called hutong, in order to make it become a real international city.But without these hutongs can this city still be called Beijing, an ancient capital? The disappearance of hutongs means the disappearance of a period of history, a cordial lifestyle, and even the disappearance of Beijing itself.Then Beijing will lose its uniqueness.Second, it can help a city save a lot of money by suiting the design to local conditions and try to take advantage of the local resources.This is especially important to small cities, like this one in a mountainous area near Guiyang.We all know Guiyang is a developing city, not very rich.Unconventional, super-futuristic buildings mean large need of money input.Then more burdens may be added to this city, which will run counter to the city’s original purpose of developing itself.Instead, if connections between a city’s culture and the various urban sectors, including housing, infrastructure and governance, are well made, the maximum economic benefits will be achieved.Besides, the modernization should be a gradual process.More haste, less speed.Nonetheless, it should not be overlooked that the shortcomings of futuristic-style constructing outweigh its advantages brought.In conclusion, any urban design should take the city’s original cultural heritage into account.The designers should suit their design to local conditions and try to take advantage of the local resources.A scientific city design should be dependent on the city’s regional characteristics, on a case-by-case basis.

第二篇：中國(guó)人民大學(xué)-考博英語(yǔ)真題

中國(guó)人民大學(xué)——英語(yǔ)2004年博士研究生入學(xué)考試試題

客觀題部分

請(qǐng)用鉛筆將此部分試題的答案填涂在答題卡上，否則無(wú)效！II.Vocabulary(10 points)PartA(5 points)Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices

marked iL B, C arm 1).Choose the:one thatbest completes the

sentence and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across

the square bracket on ANSWER SHEET 1.Example: She prefers foreign wine to that produced__ A.previously B.vLrtually

C.primarily D.domestically The sentence should read,;“She prefers foreign wine to that produce domesticany.” Therefore, you should choose D.Sample Answer

[A] [B] [C] [D]

1.International sport should create goodwill between the nations, but in the present organization of the Olympics somehow encourages__

patriotism.A.obsolete

B.aggressive C.harmonious D.amiable Z One call understand others much better by noting the immediate and fleeting reactions of their eyes and __ to expressed thoughts.A.dilemmas B.countenances C.concessions D.junctions 3.People innately _____ for superiority over their peers although it sometimes takes the form of an exaggerated lust for power.A.strive

B.ascertain

C.justify D.adhere 4.Some scientists have suggested that Earth is a kind of, zoo or wildlife

for intelligent space beings, like the wilderness areas we have set up on earth to allow animals to develop naturally while we observe them.A.conservation B.maintenance C.storage

D.reserve 5.According to the latest report, consumer confidence___ a breathtaking 15 points.last month, to its lowest level in 9 years.A.soared

B.mutated

C.plummeted D.fluctuated 6.Melissa is a computer___ that destroyed files in computers and

frustrated thousands of users around the world.A.genius

B.vires

C.disease

D.bacteria 7.The emphasis:on examinations is iby far the.worst form of

competition in schools.A.negligent B.edible

C.fabulous D.disproportionate 8.The boy seemed more _____ to their poverty, after seeing how his

grandparents lived.A.reconciled

B.consolidated C.deteriorated

D.attributed 9.During his two-month stay, in China, Tom never____ a chance to

practice his Chinese.A.passed on B.passed up C.passed by D.passed out 10.When a person dies, his debts must be paid before his ____ can be

distributed.A.paradoxes B.legacies

C.platitudes D.analogin Part B(5 points)Directions: In each of the following sentences there is one word or phrase

underlined.Below the sentence are four choices marked A, B, C, and

D.Choose the one that is closest in meaning to the underiined part.Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square

bracket on ANSWER SHEET I.Example: The secretary is Very competent;she can finish all these letters within one

..;.,ca, ODe bour.A.careful

B.industrious C.clever

D.capable In this sentence, “competent” is closest-;n m e:zting to “capable”.Therefore you should choose D.Sample Answer

[A] [B] [C] [DD] 11.He claims that advertising today tends to portray women in traditional

roles such as cooking or taking care of the baby.A.depict

B.advocate

D;criticize D.analyze 12,.They achieved more than they had eyer dreamed, lending a magic tO their family story that no tale or ordinary life could possibly rival.A.confirm B.achieve C.match

D exaggerate

13.The most urgent thing is to find a dump.for those toxic____ industrial wastes.A.imminent B.recyclable C.smelly D.poisonous i4.British Prime Minister Tony Blair promised the electorate that guns would nor be fired without an attempt to win a further U.N.sanction.A.allies

B.delegates C.voters

D.juries

15.The analysis suggests that the tradeoff between our :children's college and our own retirement security is ,chilling.A.frightening B.promising

C.freezing D.revealing 16.Their signing of the treaty was regarded as a conspiracy against the British Crown.A.secret plan B.bold attack

C.clever design D.joint effort 17.Evidence, reference, and foomotes by the thousand testify to a scrupulous researcher who does considerable justice to a full range of different beorefical and political positions.A.trustworthy B.intelligent

C.diligent D.meticulous 18.Despite their spartan, isolated lifestyle, them are no stories of women being raped or wanton violence against civilians in the region.A.intriguing B.exasperating: C.demonstrative D.unprovoked 19.The gang derived their nickname from their dark clothing and blacked up faces for.nocturnal raids in the forest.A.illegal

B.night-time

C, brutal D.abusive 20.Though sometimes too lazy to work as hard as her sisters, Linda has a more avid fondness for the limelight, A.mercurial B, gallant

C.ardent D.frugal III.Cloze(10 points)Directions : Read the following passage.Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on Answer Sheet I.Like many other aspects of the computer age, Yahoo began as an idea, ___ 21 ___ into a hobby and Iately has ____22 ____ into a full-time passion.The two developers of Yahoo, David Filo and Jerry Yang, Ph.D candidates ___ 23 _ Electrical Engineering at Stanford University, started theirguide in April 1994 as a way to keep 24 of their personal interest on the Intemet.Before long they ___25 ___ that their home,brewed lists were becoming too long and ____ 26____ Gradually they began to spend more andmore time on Yahoo.During 1994, they ____ 27____ yahoo into a customized database designed to____28_____ the needs of the thousands of users____29____ began to use the service through the closely ___ 30____ Intemet community.They developed customized software to help them___ 31 ___ locate, identify and edit material ___32___ on the Intemet.The name Yahoo is ____ 33____ to stand for “Yet

Another Hierarchical Officious Oracle”.but Filo and Yang insist they selected the ___34 ___ because they considered themselves yahoos.Yahoo? itself first ___ 35 ___ on Yang's workstation, “akebono”, while the search engine was ___ 36 ___ on Filo's computer, “Konishiki”.In early 1995 Marc Andreessen, co-founder of Netscape Communication in Mountain View, California, invited Filo and Yang to move their files ___ 37___ to larger computers ___38____ at Netscape.As a result Stanford's computer network returned to ___ 39___ , and both parties benefiasc.Today, Yahoo___ 40 ___ organized information on tens of thousands of computers linked to the web.1.A.became

B.grew

C.mm

D.intend 2.A.made

B.saw

C.looked

D.turned 3.A.in

B.on

C.about

D.fer 4.A.touch

?.contact

C.n-ack

D.record 5.A.founded

E.found

C.argued

D.reported 6.A.unwieldy

B.tough

C.tamable

D invaluable

7.A.exchanged

B.shank

C.sold

D.converted 8.A.explain

B.serve

C.discover

D.evaluate 9.A.which

B.that

C.actually

D.eagerly 10.A.relative

B.interactive C.bound

D.contacted 11.A.fluently

B.efficiently C.exactly

D.actually 12.A.transmitted B.purchased C.sold

D.13.A.about

B.bound

C.going

D.supposed I4.A.fable

B.model

C.name

D.brand 15.A.supported

B.resided

C.lived

D.launched 16.A.connected B.lodged

C.introduced D.linked 17.A.over

B, away

C.inside

D.beneath 18.A.housed

B.caught

C.hosed

D.bidden 19.A.average

B.normal

C.ordinary

D.equal 20.A.attains

B.detains

C.maintains D.contains IV.Reading Comprehension(20 points)Directions: Read the following passages, decideon the best one of the choices marked A, B, C, and D for each question or unfinished statement and then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage 1

Guthrie's contiguity principle offers practical suggestions for how to break babies.One application of the thrcshoM method involves the time young children spend on academic activities.Young children have short attention spans, so the length of time they can sustain work on one activity is limited.Most activities are scheduled to last no longer than 30 to 40 minutes.However, at the start of the school year, attention spans quickly wane and behavior problems often

result.To apply Gutiarie's theory, a teacher might, at the start of the year, limit activities to 15 to 20 minutes.Over the next few weeks the teacher could gredually increase the time students spend working on a single activity.The threshold methoci also can be applied to teaching printing abd handwriting.When children first learn to form letters, their movements awkward and they lack free motor coordination.The distances between lines on a page are purposely wide so children can fit the letters into the space.If paper with narrow lines is initially introduced, students' letters would spill over the borders and students might become frustrated.Once students can form letters

within the larger borders, they can use paper with smaller borders to help them refine their skills.The fatigue method can be applied when disciplining disruptive students

who build paper airplanes and sail them across the room.The teacher can remove the students from the classroom, We them a large stack of paper, and tell them to start making paper airplanes.After the students have made several

airplanes, the activity should lose its attraction and paper will become a cue for not building airplanes.Some students continually race around the gym when they first enter their physical education class.To employ the fatigue method, theteacher might decide to have these students continue to run a few more laps after the class has begun.The incompatible response method can be used with students who talk and

misbehave in the media center.Reading is incompatible with talking.The media center teacher might ask the students'to find interesting books and read them while in the center.Assuming that the studentS find the books enjoyable, the media center will, over time, become a cue for selecting and reading books rather than for talking with other students.In a social studies class some students regularly fall asleep.The teacher realized that using the board and overhead projector while lecturing was very

boring.Soon the teacher began to incorporate other elements into each lesson, such as experiments, videotapes, and debates, in an attempt to involvs students and raise their interest in the course.41.The purpose of this passage is to___ A.inform B.persuade

C.debate

D.narrate 42.Guthrie identified three methods for__ A.educating students

B.altering bad habits C.avoiding undesired action

D.forming good hobbies 43.Which of the following is not the example of applying the threshold method? A.Parents introduce spinach in small bites or mixed with a food than the

child enjoys over time so that the child will not refuse to eat it.B.Teachers introduce academic content in short blocks of time for young

children and gradually increase session length but not to where students

become frustrated or bored.C.Paper with wider lines is first used and then paper with narrow lines is

introduced step by step to help children learn printing and handwriting.D.A child might be made to throw toys until it is no longer fan by his

parents in order to change his behavior of repeatedly throwing toys.44.To stop snacking while watching television, people should keep their hands busy by sewing, painting, working crossword puzzles, and so forth.Over time.watching TV becomes a cue for engaging in an activity other than snac 'king.What method is used in this example? A.The threshold method.B.The fatigue method.C.The incompatible response method.D.The punishment method.45.We can draw the conclusion from the passage that A.The incompatible response method is to force child to make unwanted

response repeatedly in presence of stimulus until he or she becomes

exhausted B.The threshold method refers to introducing undesired behavior with a

response incompatible with the undesired response so they can not be

performed simultaneously

C.The fatigue method means that engaging in the behavior is transformde

into avoiding it by introducing the stimulus at full strength so it becomes

a cue for not performing it D.The fatigue method is that in presence of stimulus teachers have child

make response incompatible with unwanted response Passage 2 The increase in global trade means that international companies cannot afford to make costly advertising mistakes if they want to be competitive.Understanding the language and culture of target markets in foreign countries is one of the keys to successful international marketing.Too many companies, however, have jumped into foreign markets with embarrassing wralts.Translation mistakes are at the heart of many blunders in international advertising.General Motors, the US auto manufacturer, got a costly lesson when it introduced its Chevrole Nova to the Puerto Rican market.“Nova” is Latin for new(star)“ and means ”star“ in many languages, but in spoken Spanish it can sound like ”no va“, meaning ”it doesn't go“.Few people wanted to buy a car with that cursed meaning.When GM changed the name to Caribe, sales picked up” dramatically.Marketing blunders have also been made by food and beverage companies.3ne American food company's friendly “Jolly Green Giant”(for advertising ,egetables)became something quite different when it was translated into Arabic as “Intimidating Green Ogre”.When translated into German Pepsi's popular slogan, “Come Alive with Pepsi” came out implying “Come Alive from the Grave”.No wonder customers in Germany didn't rush out to buy Pepsi.Successful international marketing doesn't stop with good ranslafions--,-other aspects of culture must be researched and understood ff aarketers are to avoid blunders.When marketers do not understand and appreciate the values, tastes, geography, climate, superstitions, religion, or economy of a culture, they fail to capture their target market.For example, an American designer tried to introduce a new pentare ihto the Latin American market but the product aroused little interest.The mail reason was that the camellia used in it was traditionally used for funerals in many South American countries.Having awakened to the special nature of foreign advertising, companies are becoming much more conscientious in their translations and more sensitive to cultural distinctions.The best way to prevent errors is to hire professional translators who understand the target language and its idiomatic usage, or to use a technique

called “back translation” to reduce the possibility of blunders.The process uses one person to translate a message into the target language and another to translate it back.Effective translators aim to capture the, overall message of an advertisement because a word-for-word duplication of the original rarely conveys the intended meaning and often causes misunderstandings.In designing advertisements for other countries, messages need to be shot and simple.They should also avoid jokes, since what is considered funny in one part of the world may not be so humorous in another.46.The best title of this passage might be __.A.Culture Is Very Important ia Advertishag B.Avoid Cultural Misunderstanding between Nations C.Overcome Cultural Shock in Different Countries D.Advertisements Reflect Various Life Styles 47.What does the word “blunder” mean in this passage? A.hesitation B.mistake C.stutter D.default 48.Which of the following statements can be used to summarize the gist from Paragraph 3 to Paragraph 6? A.Cultural shocks

B.Faulty translations C.Avoid cultural oversights D.Prevent blunders 49.We can learn from the context in Paragraph 9 that the word “ca ” most probably mean____ A.an animal used in perfume for its smell B.a piece of fabric used both in perfume and at funerals C.a flower used in perfume for its fragrance and used for funerals D.an nrnament used in prefume and at funerals 50.One way to prevent errors in advertising in different countries is to___ A.fire the translators who don't know the target language.B.use the technique called “l(fā)iteral translation” to reduce the possibility of

blunders C.avoid cultural oversights and avoid certain jokes D.explain in details when designing advertisement for other countries Passage 3 It is not unusual for chief executives to collect millions of dollars a year in pay, stock options, and bonuses.In the last fifteen years, while executive remuneration rose, taxes in the highest income bracket went down.Millionaires are now commonplace.Amiability is not a prerequisite for rising to the top, and there are a number of chief executive officers with legendary bad tempers.It is not the boss's job to worry about the well-being of his subordinates although the man with many enemies wi！be swept out more quickly in hard times;it is the company he worries about.His business savvy is supposed to be based on intimate knowledge of.his company and the industry.so he goes home nightly with a full briefcase.At the very topexecutives are exceedingly dedicated.The American executive must be capable of enough small talk to get him through the social part of his schedule, but he is probably not a highly cultured individual or an intellectual.Although his wife may be on the board of the symphony or opera, he himself has little time for such pursuits.His reading may largely concern business and management, despite interests in other fields.Golf provides him with a sportive outlet that combines with some useful socializing.These days, he probably attempts some form of aerobic exercise to “keep the old heart in shape” and for the same reason goes easy on butter and alcohol, and substances thought to contribute to taking highly stressed executives out of the running.But his doctor's admonition to “take it easy” falls on deaf eyes.He likes to work.He knows there are younger men nipping at his heels.Corporate head-hunting, carried on by “executive search fares,” is a growing industry.America has great faith in individual talent, and dynamic and aggressive executives are so in demand that companies regularly raid each other's managerial ranks.51.We can infer from the second paragraph that___

A.promotion depends on amiability

B.chief executives do not work hard enough at the top level

C.it is the duty of the chief executive to look after the well-being of his

subordinates

D.a chief executive is expected to know more about his company and the

industry 52.The term “aerobic exercise”(fa'st line in second last paragraph)is a kind Of

____

A.hallucination exercise

B.physical exercise

C.meditation exercise

D.entertainment 53.From the last paragraph we can gather that ____

A.there are too many aggressive executives

B.individual talent is not essential for a company

C.the job of an “executive search rum” is corporate head-hunting

D.it is not common for companies to undermine each other's managerial

ranks 54.For executives, according to the article, a golf course is a pl where ________

A.they can conduct their business

B.they can indulge themselves

C.they can cultivate their mind

D.they can exercise as well as socialize 55.What is NOT tree according to the article? A.Executives tend to ignore doctors' advice and warnings.B.Executives are sensitive to pressure from the younger generation.C.All chief executives can earn millions of dollars a year.D.Executives are careful of what they eat.Passage 4 In November 1970 Yukio Mishima, together withsome of his fanatical followers from the ultranationalistic Shield Society WhiCh.he had four, dod in 1966, broke into the headquarters of Japan's Eastern Defense Forces armed with swords and daggers, overpowered some aides, tied up the commanding general, and demanded that the troops be assembled to hear a speech.Mishima addressed the troops for ten minutes, inciting them to rebel against the constitutional govemment imposed by the United States that had, in his words, “turned Japan spineless.” Receiving only ridicule in response, he returned to the general's office and there, before the general's unbelieving eyes, proceeded to kill himself in strict accordance with the tradifonal samurai ritual of seppuku.After Mishima had driven a dagger deep into his left abdomen, one of his aides severed his head with a sword.The aide likewise 'killed himself and was 5eheaded;the others surrendered.In 1936 there had been a similar revolt and, though equally unsuccessful, it had foreshadowed the repressive re,me of General Tojo that was to stage tho attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941.That earlier revolt is the one referred to in “Patriotism,” one of Mishima's most powerful stories.Here life and fiction become joined.The act of seppuku was for Mishima a fulfdlment, “the ultimate dream of my life.” Bom of an ancient samurai family, he longed to die a hero's death in accordance with the ancient samurai code;but his weak body kept him from service in the war, and he had to compensate through body building(he became expert at karate and kendo)and, most important, through the discipline writing.In his short lifetime he turned out twenty novels, thirty plays, many essays, and more than eighty stories: he also produced, directed, and acted in movies, and even sang on stage.His first book of stories, A Forest in Flower, appeared in 1943, but it was Confession of a Mask(1948), dealing with the meditations of a young man of homosexual leanings in a repressive society, that brought him fame.Mishima has been called “Japan's Hemingway,” while others have compared him to “aesthetic” writers like Walter Peter and Oscar Wilde.56.The article implies that A.Mishima refused to join the army when he was young B.Mishima has been regarded as a lunatic writer C.Mishima is a person who'is hard m define D.Critics all agree that Mishima is an aesthetic writer 57.The aim of the rebel led by Mishima was A.Fo capture the commanding genera!

B.to urge the government to declare a war against America C.to incite the soldiers to rebel against the Constitutional govemment

D.to force the Emperor to give up the throne 58.In the 1970 rebel, the speech made by Mishima____ A.was web received by the soldiers B, was laughed at by the soldiers C.impressed the commanding general D, left a deep impression tO the soldiers 59.What IS true according to article? A.The general knew that Mishima had longed to die a hero's death.B.The general was greatly taken aback by Mishima's suicide attemnpt C.Some soldiers surrendered after Mishima's speech.D.one of Mishima's aides was killed by the soldiers.60.Mishima became a well-known writer after he had ___ A, written “Patriotism”, one of his most powerful stories B.written eighty short stories C.published “A Forest in Flower” D.published “Confession of a Mask” 主觀題部分

請(qǐng)用鋼筆或圓珠筆將此部分試題的答案做在答題紙二上，否則無(wú)效！V.Translation(20 points)Fart A.(10 points)Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese on your ANSWER SHEET.One might ask why speculation is permitted when there is so real a danger of loss.The basic reason is that speculation can perform useful functions in the economy.Buying a commodity or stock in the belief that prices will rise speeds market equilibrium and encourages faster entry of more suppliers.If the price change lagged until after an actual commodity shortage had occurred, the fluctuation would probably be sharper and more sudden.Remedial supply action could not be further delayed.Similarly, if speculators foresee a surplus in some commodity, their selling of futures will help drive the price down to some extent before the SurpluS actually occurs.When speculators foresee a shortage and bid up the price, they are also helphng to conserve the present supply.As the price goes up,less of the commodity is purchased;a rise in price encourages users to ecor, om2ze.Similarly, a lowering of price encourages users to buy more, thus helping to sell the surplus which is developing.Part B.(10 points)Directions: Translate the following into EngIish on your ANSWER SHEET.中國(guó)已經(jīng)發(fā)層成為一個(gè)全球極富吸引力的、現(xiàn)實(shí)的大市場(chǎng)。世界各國(guó) 和地區(qū)不少有遠(yuǎn)見(jiàn)卓識(shí)的企業(yè)家，都將目光投向了中國(guó)，并從投資活動(dòng)中 獲得了豐厚的回報(bào)。我相信，中國(guó)加入世貿(mào)組織后，外商參與中國(guó)投資活 動(dòng)的機(jī)會(huì)將越來(lái)越多，自身發(fā)展的空間也越來(lái)越大。在中國(guó)的投資活動(dòng)一 定能成為溝通世界各國(guó)和地區(qū)的企業(yè)家與中國(guó)市場(chǎng)的一座橋梁，促進(jìn)中國(guó) 和世界經(jīng)濟(jì)共同發(fā)展、共同繁榮。VI.Writing(20 points)Directions Write an essay in no less than 250 words with file title “My Understanding of GlobaIization”.Your essay should be written on the Answer Sheet.

第三篇：2008年成考專升本英語(yǔ)真題匯總

2008年成人高考專升本英語(yǔ)真題解析

I.Phonetics(5 points)

Directions: In each of the following groups of words, there are four underlined letters or letter combinations marked A, B, C and D.Compare the underlined parts and identify the one that is different from the others in pronunciation.Mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.1.A.water B.porter C.daughter D.laughter

【答案】 D

2.A.naked B.addicted C.smelled D.rested

【答案】 C

【解析】考查單詞的詞尾加字母ed的讀音規(guī)則。

3.A.structure B.mixture C.gesture D.mature

【答案】 D

【解析】考查字母組合ture 在詞尾時(shí)的讀音規(guī)則。此題中的D項(xiàng)-ture是在特殊情況下的讀音，讀作 詞意是成熟的.第四小題是考查元音字母e在單詞中的讀音。

4.A.honest B.chest C.harvest D.forest

【答案】 B

5.A.feather B.leather C.strengthen D.southern

【答案】 C

【解析】是考查字母組合th在單詞中的讀音規(guī)則。

II.Vocabulary and Structure(15 points)

Directions: There are 15 incomplete sentences in this section.For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.Choose one answer that best completes the sentence and blacken

the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.6.—Bradford graduated from college with honors at a very young age.—He have been an outstanding student.A.must B.could C.should D.might

【答案】 A

【翻譯】 Bradford小小年紀(jì)就以優(yōu)秀的成績(jī)從大學(xué)畢業(yè)了。

——他（那時(shí)）一定是非常杰出。

【考點(diǎn)】 語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。

【分析】 這四個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，后面都可以接完成時(shí)態(tài)，但后三者都表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣，只有A項(xiàng)是對(duì)發(fā)生過(guò)的事情的推測(cè)，結(jié)合前面的那句話，故選A。

7.None of us called the police when the two cars collided, ？

A.didn't we B.don't we C.did we D.do we

【答案】 C

【翻譯】 兩車相撞后，我們中沒(méi)人叫警察，是嗎？

【考點(diǎn)】 句法結(jié)構(gòu)。

【分析】 這是一個(gè)反義疑問(wèn)句；翻譯疑問(wèn)句在構(gòu)成上是兩部分：前面是陳述句，后面是簡(jiǎn)略疑問(wèn)句；如果前面是肯定意思的句子，后半部分就接否定意思的簡(jiǎn)略問(wèn)句，如果前面是否定意思的，后面就接肯定的。

8.Not only I but also Douglas and Miranda fond of watching television.A.am B.is C.are D.be

【答案】 C

【翻譯】 不僅是我，而且Douglas和Micanda都喜歡看電視。

【考點(diǎn)】 句法結(jié)構(gòu)，主謂一致的問(wèn)題。

【分析】 主謂一致的問(wèn)題是要看主謂在數(shù)量上要搭配；該句中not only...but also連接并列主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采用就近的原則，因?yàn)榘ぶ^語(yǔ)近的是兩個(gè)人，故選C。

9.—May I have the of dancing with you, Madame?

—Yes, of course.A.pleasure B.joy C.right D.desire

【答案】 A

【翻譯】 女士，可否賞光與我一起跳舞？

【考點(diǎn)】 詞義辨析。

【分析】 have the oleasure of(doing)sth.正規(guī)用詞，表示“獲得某種特別的榮幸做某事”。

10.Our president made a(n)speech at the opening ceremony of the sports meeting, which encouraged the sportsmen greatly.A.indifferent B.inspiring C.flat D.dry

【答案】 B

【翻譯】 我們的總統(tǒng)在運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)的開(kāi)幕式上做了令人激動(dòng)的講話，這讓運(yùn)動(dòng)員們大受鼓舞。

【考點(diǎn)】 詞義辨析。

【分析】 A項(xiàng)中的indifferent是“冷漠的，漠不關(guān)心的”；B項(xiàng)中的inspiring是“激勵(lì)人的”；而C、D兩項(xiàng)中的詞義跟句義更不相干，故選B。

11.Diana was reading Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, completely in the mysterious work

A.being lost B.having lost C.losing D.lost

【答案】 D

【翻譯】 Dinna正在看《哈利波特》、《火星》，完全沉浸在那神秘的世界中了。

【考點(diǎn)】 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。

【分析】 該句的主語(yǔ)是Dinna, 相對(duì)lose（迷失）的意思搭配，表示是讀物讓她沉浸其中的，也就是主語(yǔ)Dinna是“被。。的意思”，故選D。

12.If I had known you weren't coming, I a cake.A.would not bake B.did not bake C.will not have baked D.would not have baked

【答案】 D

【翻譯】 要是我知道你不會(huì)來(lái)，我就不會(huì)準(zhǔn)備蛋糕了。

【考點(diǎn)】 語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。

【分析】 條件句中提到：“要是。。”，分析起來(lái)是對(duì)發(fā)生過(guò)的事情進(jìn)行跟事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，故配套用D所用的格式。

13.Staying in a four-star hotel for a night costs renting a house in the suburb for a month.A.twice as much as B.twice more C.as much as twice D.as much twice as

【答案】 A

【翻譯】 在四星級(jí)的賓館里住一晚的花費(fèi)，比在郊區(qū)租一個(gè)月的房子多出兩倍還多。

【考點(diǎn)】 語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。

【分析】 形容詞的級(jí)別詞，無(wú)論原級(jí)、比較級(jí)、還是最高級(jí)，若有數(shù)詞加以補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明修飾，數(shù)詞都在級(jí)別詞之前；本句還牽扯到“是。。的兩倍多”，其中包含原有的費(fèi)用，故選A。此考點(diǎn)我在北京安通學(xué)校的輔導(dǎo)班課堂上至少講過(guò)3次了。

14.In winter, traffic accidents occur on the highway.A.frequently B.suddenly C.usually D.rapidly

【答案】 A

【翻譯】 冬天高速路上事故頻發(fā)。

【考點(diǎn)】 詞義辨析。

【分析】 A項(xiàng)的意思是“頻繁地，經(jīng)常地”，側(cè)重指動(dòng)作發(fā)生的頻率；B項(xiàng)的意思是“突然，一下子”；C項(xiàng)的意思是“通常，大多數(shù)情況下”； D項(xiàng)的意思是“迅速地”。

15.Only when I began to do it that I had made a mistake.A.I realized B.I had realized C.did I realize D.would I realize

【答案】 C

【翻譯】 只有當(dāng)我開(kāi)始做這事情時(shí)，我才意識(shí)到我犯錯(cuò)誤了。

【考點(diǎn)】 句法結(jié)構(gòu)。

【分析】 該句涉及到倒裝句的知識(shí)點(diǎn)之一：當(dāng)一個(gè)句子以“only + 狀語(yǔ)”開(kāi)頭時(shí)，該句要倒裝。

16.It was three weeks later he heard the news.A.which B.that C.after D.when

【答案】 B

【翻譯】 三周后他才聽(tīng)到這消息。

【考點(diǎn)】 句法結(jié)構(gòu)。

【分析】 該句考察強(qiáng)調(diào)句，其句型是It is/was...that/who...;如被強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)象是人，用who或whom，其他情況都用that。特別注意：強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間不用when，強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)不用where，也不用介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞。

17.He live in a remote and underdeveloped country than in this modem but noisy city.A.prefers to B.likes to C.had better D.would rather

【答案】 D

【翻譯】 他寧愿住在偏遠(yuǎn)、欠發(fā)達(dá)的鄉(xiāng)間，而不是這個(gè)現(xiàn)代但嘈雜的城市里。

【考點(diǎn)】 詞語(yǔ)搭配。

【分析】 A項(xiàng)prefer to do sth.，或prefer...to...(兩處省略的是名詞功能的部分)；B項(xiàng)的like to do sth.；C項(xiàng)had better后接動(dòng)詞原形，“最好。?！?；只有D項(xiàng)中，would rather 與than結(jié)合，表示“寧愿。。而不（是）。?！惫蔬xD。

18.__ , Sam knows lots of things about philosophy.A.As he is young B.As young he is C.Young as is he D.Young as he is

【答案】 D

【翻譯】 盡管Sam年紀(jì)小，但他知道很多有關(guān)哲學(xué)方面的事情。

【考點(diǎn)】 句法結(jié)構(gòu)。

【分析】 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中都含有as引導(dǎo)詞，但由as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，被強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)象要放在as的前面?！居?al)though, even though, no matter...,等引導(dǎo)時(shí)，都是引導(dǎo)詞加陳述句?！?/p>

19.Today the energy problem becomes critical.It __ an immediate solution.A.calls on B.calls for C.calls up D.calls at

【答案】 B

【翻譯】 現(xiàn)在的能源問(wèn)題變得至關(guān)重要了，需要立即解決。

【考點(diǎn)】 短語(yǔ)搭配。

【分析】 call on：“拜訪某人”；call at: “拜訪某地”； call up：“給某人打電話，使。。憶起”；call for：“要求、需要。?！薄?/p>

20.Dr.Zhang was always __ the poor and the sick, his private clinic often providing them with free medical care.A.tended by B.absorbed in C.concerned about D.reminded of

【答案】 C

【翻譯】 張先生向來(lái)關(guān)心那些窮人、有困苦的人，他的私人診所往往給他們免費(fèi)治療。

【考點(diǎn)】 短語(yǔ)搭配。

【分析】 A、B、D如果跟句中的was連用，則表示A: 被照顧看；B: 被吸收進(jìn)。。；D：被想起。。；C項(xiàng)中 be concerned about/for sth./sb.表示：擔(dān)心。。，煩惱。。，憂慮。。，其中concerned 是形容詞。

【總評(píng)】與去年考試一樣，共15個(gè)小題，其中有10個(gè)題目考查語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)，涉及到了虛擬語(yǔ)氣2個(gè)（第6、12小題）、反義疑問(wèn)句1個(gè)（第7題）、強(qiáng)調(diào)句1個(gè)（第16題It is??that??）、倒裝句2個(gè)（第15、18小題，其中15小題是Only提到句首的倒裝），還考到主語(yǔ)從句等等。

除了語(yǔ)法外，另外5個(gè)小題考到了三個(gè)固定搭配，其他都是近義詞區(qū)別。這些咱們?cè)诎餐▽W(xué)校的全程班里邊都給大家講過(guò)類似的搭配，語(yǔ)法第12題咱們?cè)谌贪嘣}都講過(guò)，所以說(shuō)只要是系統(tǒng)的跟著咱們?nèi)贪鄬W(xué)習(xí)，這15分肯定沒(méi)問(wèn)題。

III.Cloze(30 points)

Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.Choose the one that is most suitable and mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.The first snowboards were made in the 1960s.However, it was in the late 70s that they became more 21.Throughout the 80s, more and more people began taking up the sport, even though snowboards were not allowed on most ski hills.22 its earlier problems, snowboarding is now the world's 23 growing winter sport and most resorts(度假地)welcome snowboards.In 1963, a Grade 8 student named Tom Sims 24 a ski-board for a school project in New Jersey.Then, in 1966, a man named Sherman Poppen 25 two skis together for his kids on Christmas day.He called his invention “the Snurfer,” which 26 the words “snow” and “surf.” In 1969, Jake Burton Carpenter received a 27 for Christmas.He soon began designing boards, and today “Burton” is a popular 28 of snowboard.By the 1980s, snowboarding had become very popular.29 , most ski resorts did not allow snowboarding because they thought it was too 30.Since many snowboarders were young, many older skiers did not want them on the ski hills.The snowboarders had to go to the backcountry;31 patrolled(有巡羅的)resorts.Rejection at the resorts did not 32 snowboarding from growing in popularity.Eventually, the owners of ski resorts changed their views.They 33 that they could make more money by allowing snowboarding.One by one, the resorts 34 to welcome snowboards.Today, many resorts even set 35 special areas where snowboarders can practice their creative tricks.21.A.spreading B.popular C.ordinary D.interesting

22.A.Besides B.Instead of C.Despite D.Because of

23.A.fastest B.best C.most slowly D.most efficiently

24.A.discovered B.found C.planned D.designed

25.A.bought B.made C.attached D.mended

26.A.combines B.mixes C.unites D.associates

27.A.tool B.snurfer C.board D.ski

28.A.brand B.game C.resort D.person

29.A.Therefore B.Furthermore C.Meanwhile D.However

30.A.showy B.dangerous C.exciting D.harmful

31.A.nearby B.across C.away from D.close to

32.A.fail B.involve C.stop D.drop

33.A.rejected B.realized C.fulfilled D.denied

34.A.wanted B.hurried C.refused D.began

35.A.aside B.back C.out D.down

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本篇短文主要談?wù)摶┌宓陌l(fā)明、發(fā)展和對(duì)滑雪運(yùn)動(dòng)的影響。文章有四個(gè)自然段，大約二百五六十個(gè)詞，內(nèi)容比較緊湊，備選詞大多數(shù)是實(shí)詞，這篇短文的15個(gè)空設(shè)置也比較均勻，因此有利于根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和詞義判斷出那個(gè)詞是最佳選項(xiàng)。難度也非常適合成考考生，故事情節(jié)通俗易懂，考查要點(diǎn)也淺顯易懂，主要考查基本詞義，搭配，對(duì)文章的理解能力，只要考生掌握大綱要求詞匯量，就不難取得一個(gè)滿意的分?jǐn)?shù)。

21.【答案】 B

【考點(diǎn)】 詞義辨析。

【解析】 該句是全文第二句，第一句剛交代：滑雪板運(yùn)動(dòng)是二十世紀(jì)六十年代發(fā)明的，結(jié)合全文第二段對(duì)滑雪板運(yùn)動(dòng)發(fā)展歷史的講解，到第三段的開(kāi)頭第一句：到二十世紀(jì)八十年代，該運(yùn)動(dòng)變得十分流行，再看這兒的四個(gè)詞的各自意思，故選B.22.【答案】 C

【考點(diǎn)】 邏輯推理加詞義辨析。

【解析】 該句前一句說(shuō)到：整個(gè)八十年代，盡管在許多滑雪區(qū)不允許滑板滑雪，越來(lái)越多的人，卻開(kāi)始喜歡該項(xiàng)體育運(yùn)動(dòng)。從所給的四個(gè)介詞或介詞短語(yǔ)的意思分析處，再看本句的邏輯搭配：（盡管）早期有許多困難，但它是今天是。。，故選C.23.【答案】 A

【考點(diǎn)】 詞義辨析。

【解析】該句是（盡管）早期有許多困難，但今天它是發(fā)展最。。的冬季體育項(xiàng)目，從幾段的講解來(lái)看，是在介紹滑板滑雪的歷史及現(xiàn)狀，結(jié)合四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思來(lái)分析，只能選A。

24.【答案】 D

【考點(diǎn)】 詞義辨析。

【解析】 該句是:1963年，一位名叫Tom Sims的八年級(jí)學(xué)生，為新澤西的一個(gè)學(xué)校課程設(shè)計(jì)了滑板項(xiàng)目。從四個(gè)詞的意思上來(lái)分析，A、B的意思相近，大同小異，故二者均不能選；C、D兩詞之后雖都能跟for，但C項(xiàng)“計(jì)劃”與句中project相近，故只能選D，D的意思最適合本篇的邏輯搭配。

25.【答案】 C

【考點(diǎn)】 詞義辨析。

【解析】 該句是說(shuō)：。。一位名叫Sherman Poppen的人在圣誕節(jié)為他的孩子們把兩片滑雪板縛在一起。A：（購(gòu)）買；B：制造；C：系、縛、捆、扎；D：修（理）。故選C.26.【答案】 A

【考點(diǎn)】 短語(yǔ)搭配辨析。

【解析】 他把他的發(fā)明稱為“Snurfer”，這個(gè)詞結(jié)合了snow與surf。這幾個(gè)詞的搭配都差不多，但A：把。。與。。結(jié)合起來(lái)，使具有兩樣（的特性）；B：把。。與。。混雜在一起（原來(lái)的二者就是你中有我，我中有你了）；C：把。。與。。團(tuán)結(jié)、聯(lián)合（為一體）/合并；D：把人或事物聯(lián)系起來(lái)；把。。與。。聯(lián)想起來(lái)。比較清楚各自的側(cè)重點(diǎn)以后，就不難決定了。

27.【答案】 B

【考點(diǎn)】 邏輯推理。

【解析】 從前兩句話，尤其是前一句話，不難鎖定答案B，排除另外的幾個(gè)名詞。

28.【答案】 A

【考點(diǎn)】 邏輯推理。

【解析】 該句意思是：他很快開(kāi)始設(shè)計(jì)滑雪板，而且現(xiàn)在“Burton”就是滑雪板的一個(gè)非常受歡迎的品牌。結(jié)合前面介紹的情形及本句前半截，只有A最適合。A：牌子；B：

（一）場(chǎng)、局賽事；C：海濱、滑雪、休養(yǎng)等的度假勝地；D：（個(gè)）人。

29.【答案】 D

【考點(diǎn)】 句法結(jié)構(gòu)。

【解析】 結(jié)合本句前面的一句（是對(duì)上文的基本總結(jié)），再看看下文中大部分旅游勝地的做法，不難得出前后為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故選D。

30.【答案】 B

【考點(diǎn)】 邏輯推理。

【解析】 本句的意思是：因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為滑板滑雪太危險(xiǎn)，大部分的旅游勝地都不允許此活動(dòng)。不僅是從活動(dòng)本身來(lái)分析，還是看看后面那句話，就能得出此答案。

31.【答案】 C

【考點(diǎn)】 邏輯推理。

【解析】 結(jié)合本句前面的一句：滑板滑雪愛(ài)好者不得不到隱蔽的深山、遠(yuǎn)離那些有巡邏的旅游勝地。了解了上文中大部分旅游勝地的做法，不難得出滑板滑雪者們的選擇，故選D，因?yàn)槠渌齻€(gè)詞的意思是非常直觀的。

32.【答案】 C

【考點(diǎn)】 邏輯推理。

【解析】 該句意思是：各旅游勝地的拒絕沒(méi)有妨礙該活動(dòng)的流行；從后半句中的from可以得出本句為固定搭配。

33.【答案】 B

【考點(diǎn)】 邏輯推理。

【解析】 本句的意思是：他們認(rèn)識(shí)到他們通過(guò)允許滑板滑雪活動(dòng)，可以從中賺更多的錢。從此話前面的一句話看看（那些旅游勝地的所有者們交換了他們對(duì)此的觀點(diǎn)）；而且A、D兩詞意義相近；C的意思完全不符。故選B。

34.【答案】 D

【考點(diǎn)】 邏輯推理。

【解析】 結(jié)合本句前面的兩句，再看看詞的用法搭配：只有A、D兩詞可以與to連用，而A與文意不符，故選D。

35.【答案】 A

【考點(diǎn)】 固定搭配。

【解析】 該句意思是：現(xiàn)今各旅游勝地甚至為滑板滑雪者們留出特別的區(qū)域，這樣他們可以在那兒練習(xí)他們那些別有創(chuàng)意的技巧。所給的四個(gè)詞，只有A跟句中set搭配表示“留出、積攢”。

IV.Reading Comprehension(60 points)

Directions: There are five reading passages in this part.Each passage is followed by four questions.For each question there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D.Choose one best answer and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage one

Win a week in England!

You still don't know what to do this summer? Well, here's your chance to win a one-week language course in Kent, England!Free4Fun and ETC(English Travel Connections)are giving away two trips to Rochester.This historic city is less than an hour's drive from London and close to the sea resort of Herne Bay.It is also the home of one of England's most famous writers, Charles Dickens.The town of Rochester is in Southeast England.Charles Dickens often wrote about it in his books.His home, Gad's Hill, is there, too.A popular attraction is Rochester Castle, a large Norman fortress.It was built in the llth century and rebuilt during the 14th century.Other attractions are Rochester Cathedral, which was built during the 13th century, and Dickens Centre.It has got its name in honour of Dickens himself.The trip to England includes:

* travel by train(via the Eurotunnel)to and from any railway station in Germany

* room and full board with a guest family for one week

* language course in small groups

* two tripsto London

* large choice of sports and entertainment

* German-speaking advisors available 24 hours a day

Interested? All you have to do is to answer the following question:

When was Charles Dickens born?

So, take the chance and send your answer by 1 May to:

Free4Fun “Rochester”

Free4Fun, 24 Elphinstone Road, Hastings, 2FQ6VJ

fax: 089 / 85 763-103

e-mail: free4fun@netlight.com

The two winners will be contacted directly before 5 May.They will also be announced in the

June issue of Free4Fun.Good luck!

For further information contact:

phone:(03212)144 43

fax:(03212)144 42

e-mail: info@etc.com

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】關(guān)于Free4Fun和ETC（English Travel Connections）聯(lián)合舉辦的活動(dòng)，是一則有獎(jiǎng)問(wèn)答形式的廣告。

首先說(shuō)你今年夏季可能有機(jī)會(huì)贏得在英格蘭最著名的作家查爾斯?狄更斯的家鄉(xiāng)Rocheste旅游一周的機(jī)會(huì)。并簡(jiǎn)要介紹了一下當(dāng)?shù)氐慕ㄖ锏臍v史背景,然后就介紹行程及活動(dòng)安排等。你感興趣了，文章就鼓動(dòng)你回答問(wèn)題：查爾斯?狄更斯是什么時(shí)候出生的？，并留下發(fā)送答案的地址和活動(dòng)截止日期。最后一段是告訴你，本次活動(dòng)只抽取兩位幸運(yùn)者，獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)叩拿麊螌⒐荚诹路莸腇ree4Fun刊物上。

這篇短文形式類似于2006年閱讀理解的題目，所問(wèn)的問(wèn)題也都是細(xì)節(jié)題，可以直接從文章中尋找到。只有第36題稍微要思考一下，13th century（13世紀(jì)）即1200s。

36.Rochester Cathedral was built in the.A.1100s B.1200s

C.1300s D.1400s

【答案】 B

【解析】 該題為事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)“...Other attraction are Rochester Cathedral, which was built during the 13th centery,...”結(jié)合對(duì)世紀(jì)的背景知識(shí)的理解，可以獲得。

37.What activities can you participate in during the trip?

A.Working as an advisor.B.Learning German language.C.Travelling with a guest family.D.Enjoying sports and entertainment.【答案】 D

【解析】 該題為事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。答案可以從所給的旅行內(nèi)容中第五點(diǎn)得出。

38.If you want to win a prize you have to send your answer to.A.the June issue of Free4fun

B.free4 fun@netlight.com

C.info@etc.com

D.ETC

【答案】 B

【解析】該題為事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題?？梢愿鶕?jù)大項(xiàng)第三項(xiàng)得出提示，做的時(shí)候仔細(xì)一些，注意排除干擾項(xiàng)，最后鎖定選項(xiàng)B。

39.The persons who know of Charles Dickens are likely to win the free trip.A.the birth date B.the home town

C.the major works D.the writing style

【答案】 A

【解析】 該題為事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。答案可以結(jié)合38題做，回頭看看要寄的答案是全文第三個(gè)標(biāo)題中的內(nèi)容，稍加推理就能得出。

Passage Two

In 2000, with little but a bar and a church left to make it a destination, tiny St.James, Nebraska, was taken off state highway maps.Then the church closed, and the small farm village in the state's northeast comer looked set to just disappear.Thanks to five devoted women, it didn't.In May 2001, after meeting with staff from the Center for Rural Affairs, the friends--Louise Guy, Vicky Koch, Jeanette Pinkelman, Mary Rose Pinkelman and Violet Pinkelman--opened a weekend market for vendors(小商販)to sell handcrafts and local food.“We felt like, what can we do to bring the community together?” says Mary Rose Pinkelman.“We decided to make a place to sell local goods.” They set up shop in the church school, which, though closed for nearly 40 years, had been well maintained.The first weekend, 16 vendors took over an old classroom.The result was ah instant hit.Today, the market draws up to 70 vendors--who sell such items as homemade jellies, baked goods, hand-woven rugs, and farm-grown produce--and what Pinkelman calls an unexpected number of visitors.In the process, the market has made St.James a destination again, putting it back on the state road map.【翻譯】由于五位婦女的共同努力，一個(gè)從公路版圖上消失的小村莊又重新返回到地圖上。

在2000年，隨著村里的最后那個(gè)教堂的關(guān)閉，小村子在公路版圖上消失了。2001年的五月，五個(gè)朋友會(huì)見(jiàn)了有關(guān)部門以后，決定利用該村廢棄多年的教堂學(xué)校，在周末開(kāi)辦本地產(chǎn)品的銷售市場(chǎng)。她們的事業(yè)迅速成功了，越來(lái)越多的小商販來(lái)到這里，從第一個(gè)周末的十六家商販，到今天發(fā)展到七十家，商人們販賣手工藝品、當(dāng)?shù)厥澄铩⑥r(nóng)產(chǎn)品等等，同時(shí)也意外的吸引來(lái)了大量的游客，所以這個(gè)小村子就再次回到地圖上。

40.According to Paragraph 1, what fate was St.James, Nebraska suffering?

A.The replacement of the church school.B.The disappearance from highway maps.C.The closedown of the bar.D.The set-up of a market.【答案】 B

【解析】 該題為細(xì)節(jié)歸納題。答案可以從第一段的第一句：只剩下一個(gè)小酒館、一座教堂，使得Nebraska的小鎮(zhèn)圣.詹姆士，被從美國(guó)的高速路地圖上除名了；第二句的主句部分：。。注定要消失了，故選B。

41.St.James in this passage is

A.a small village B.a little farm

C.a tiny city D.a little town

【答案】 A

【解析】 該題為事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。答案可以第一段第二句的主語(yǔ)得出。

42.What does the underlined phrase ~'an instant hit“(Paragraph 3)mean?

A.A fast blow.B.A sudden beat.C.A big strike.D.A quick success.【答案】 D

【解析】 此題為細(xì)節(jié)歸納題。結(jié)合第二段（介紹了先期的行動(dòng)）、到第三段說(shuō)起具體進(jìn)展，以及接下來(lái)對(duì)該小鎮(zhèn)目前情況的講解，我們可以得出答案D，而且其余三個(gè)答案都有打擊/失敗之意。

43.St.James has been put back to the state road map due to

A.the efforts of five women B.the efforts of the Center for Rural Affairs

C.the vendors in the local place D.the unexpected number of visitors

【答案】 A

【解析】 該題為主旨?xì)w納題。要結(jié)合全文的頭尾來(lái)看，尤其是第一段的最后一句、全文的最后一句：先是多虧了五位。。；中間講到大致過(guò)程，最后說(shuō)起說(shuō)起在市場(chǎng)的建設(shè)擴(kuò)大過(guò)程中。。所以選 A；其他幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)只是文中的局部細(xì)節(jié)而已。

Passage Three

Romeo and Juliet was probably written in 1595, when Shakespeare was a young, successful playwright.He had already written comedies and history plays, but had not yet developed his skill at tragedy.The power of fate is strong in Shakespeare's play.Chance and evil eventually join to bring tragedy.Chance involves Romeo in a murder;chance prevents a message from reaching Romeo in time;chance brings about a deadly meeting in a cemetery.Many Elizabethans were followers of astrology(星相術(shù))and believed that the stars could control events.Thus, Romeo and Juliet are referred to as ”star-crossed lovers“ whose stars doomed(命中注定)them to disaster.Elizabethans also had a concept of fate in the person of Dame Fortune(命運(yùn)女神).By spinning her wheel, she could raise the state of a beggar or lower that of a king.One of the fascinations of Shakespeare is the way in which he put these ideas into the play.One of the most difficult things to decide about this play is the question of responsibility.Did irresistible fate bring tragedy to Romeo and Juliet, or were they themselves to blame? The fact that this question is not resolved by the author also helps to make Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet a fascinating work.【翻譯】莎士比亞的悲劇羅密歐與朱麗葉.文章第一段首先說(shuō)了羅密歐與朱麗葉可能作于1595年，那時(shí)年輕的莎士比亞并不擅長(zhǎng)寫悲劇，他是一個(gè)成功的寫喜劇和歷史劇的劇作家。

作者認(rèn)為莎士比亞的戲劇中有很強(qiáng)的宿命論因素，機(jī)遇和邪惡共同造就了悲劇。羅密歐和朱麗葉倆人的星座相克，命中注定要遭災(zāi)，誰(shuí)應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)羅密歐與朱麗葉的悲劇負(fù)責(zé)任？這個(gè)問(wèn)題尚未解決。

44.According to Paragraph 1, Shakespeare wrote Romeo and Juliet

A.when he succeeded in comedies and history plays

B.after he had developed his skill in tragedy

C.before he wrote comedies and history plays

D.when he was no longer young

【答案】 A

【解析】 該題細(xì)節(jié)歸納題。第一段就兩句話。把第一句的后半截連同第二句的前半截結(jié)合起來(lái)理解，就能得出答案是A；其他三項(xiàng)都是故意與文中的事實(shí)擰著說(shuō)的，起到干擾結(jié)論的作用。

45.According to the passage, chance

A.involves Juliet in a murder

B.sends Romeo and Juliet into evil-doing

C.causes late arrival of a message for Romeo

D.leads to a happy meeting between Romeo and Juliet

【答案】 C

【解析】該題為事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。答案可以從第二段中提到的幾個(gè)排比句中得出，稍微仔細(xì)一點(diǎn)兒，只有C說(shuō)得對(duì)：A項(xiàng)中應(yīng)該是指Romeo才對(duì)；B中的說(shuō)法就沒(méi)提到，跟劇情也不符合；D項(xiàng)中內(nèi)容是對(duì)對(duì)最后一句原有內(nèi)容的篡改。

46.The passage indicates that Shakespeare put into Romeo and Juliet.A.historical events B.Elizabethan beliefs

C.his personal experience D.political issues at the time

【答案】 B

【解析】該題為事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。答案可以從第三段得出，其他三個(gè)選擇，都可以說(shuō)是在本篇沒(méi)提到的信息，不能加進(jìn)來(lái)做為這個(gè)題目的依據(jù)；或者說(shuō)只是站到讀者的角度，妄加聯(lián)想出來(lái)的。

47.What is unresolved about this play is

A.who is responsible for the tragedy

B.whether Romeo and Juliet are tragic characters

C.what the most fascinating element of the play is

D.how tragic fate can be avoided

【答案】 A

【解析】本題為事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。該問(wèn)題可以從最后一段的第一句就能得出；這一句是是該段的主題句，這之后的幾句都是圍繞它展開(kāi)的。

Passage Four

Friends become a child's chosen family.If his social life is going well, he gains confidence.If he has trouble connecting, it hurts and can make him feel sad and withdrawn and lonely.1.Help your child communicate.Naturally outgoing kids have an easier time expressing their interest in other children than shy ones do.But you can help build this skill through practice.Ask your child about his favorite games and toys.Praise him for specifics when he shows interest in other people: ”You were so nice to let Roger talk about his little dog.I am proud of you.“

2.Keep play short and sweet.Parents should keep early play dates short, so no one gets too tired and everyone has fun.Schedule the next one soon after that, so kids can quickly build on their comfort foundation.3.Know your child.If your child is bossy, talk with him and agree beforehand on which toys will be shared and which ones should be put away because your child just can't seem to share them.If you have a shy child, match him with a younger child so he has a chance to be the leader.4.Help your child help others.Encourage your child to be a better friend by helping him include others in play.If you see someone being excluded, don't ignore it.This is an opportunity to work on your child's ability to understand others.”Rachel is being left out.That must make her feel very sad.Can you think of a way to include her in the game?“

5.Help your kids help themselves.If your child is the one who's being ignored or treated badly, teach him to speak up.【文章大意】主要介紹了如何幫助你的孩子交朋友。

首先說(shuō)明了孩子交友的重要意義。孩子的交友就像他們選擇家庭一樣，如果社會(huì)交往順利，孩子就會(huì)自信，如果交友不順，他們就會(huì)受到傷害，也可能感到悲哀、退步和孤獨(dú)。

文章隨后從五個(gè)方面介紹說(shuō)明如何幫助你的孩子。

48.Which Word can best describe a child who is good at connecting?

A.Bossy.B.Confident.C.Proud.D.Showy.【答案】 B

【解析】本題為事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。問(wèn)題中的connecting一詞，是在第一段第三句出現(xiàn)的；第二句說(shuō)到：假如孩子的社交生活進(jìn)展順利，他就會(huì)獲得自信；第三句是：若他在與人打交道方面有問(wèn)題。。，兩句 結(jié)合起來(lái)考慮，答案B是對(duì)的。

49.According to the passage, parents can help their children communicate by.A.showing their own interest in other children

B.encouraging their interest in other children

C.playing games with them

D.buying them more toys

【答案】 B

【解析】本題為推理判斷題。文章從第二段開(kāi)始給父母一些幫助孩子建立自信的具體做法，做法一中的第三、第四句提到“詢問(wèn)。。。。表?yè)P(yáng)。?！保忌芴釤挸稣_答案B；A選項(xiàng)中動(dòng)作詞show跟問(wèn)句中的人稱是反的，C、D兩項(xiàng)差不多是順著本篇發(fā)揮出來(lái)的。

50.The phrase ”left out“ in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to”.“

A.neglected B.criticised

C.not included D.not respected

【答案】 C

【解析】本題為詞語(yǔ)理解題。做法四告訴我們?cè)趺磶椭⒆尤W(xué)會(huì)他人。其中第二句提到：如果你看到有人被排除在外，不要不管；第三句：這是一個(gè)極好的培養(yǎng)孩子理解他人的機(jī)會(huì)；left out是在接下來(lái)的那句中出現(xiàn)的，其義只能是C了。

51.What is probably the best title for the passage?

A.How to Help Your Child Help Others B.How to Educate a Shy Child

C.How to Communicate with Your Child D.How to Help Your Child Make Friends

【答案】 D

【解析】該題為主旨大意題。通讀完全文，考生要明白：全文共兩大部分：第一段為統(tǒng)領(lǐng)段，接下來(lái)的是五個(gè)幫助孩子建立自信的建議；其中有三個(gè)是以help開(kāi)頭的，緊隨其后的是其分述，字里行間就看出該題所需答案為D。

Passage Five

Memory is the ability to keep track of things that have happened in the past.Memory really is learning.One needs memory to ride a bicycle.A dog needs to remember if it is to Come when called.Memory is said to be stored in the brain as a ”memory trace(記憶痕)." What makes up this trace is not known.Some scientists believe that certain chemical substances may carry certain memories.For example, one substance, when given to rats, causes them to fear the dark.Other research into memory has to do with how the brain works.Psychologists use three means to find out how a person remembers.For example, give a person a grocery list.Let the person memorize the list, then put it away.The most natural way to find out how much a person remembers of the grocery list is to ask what he or she remembers.This is called the method of recall.Another method is called recognition.Give the person another grocery list.Ask him or her to choose items on the first list from the items that are on only the second list.Often a person will be able to recognize things that he or she cannot recall.A third method of finding how much a person remembers is called relearning.Here the person is asked to read over the first list.The person will probably learn the list the second time faster than he did the first time.The difference in the time it takes to relearn the list is thought of as a measure of how much a person has remembered.One way of remembering something is to repeat it many times.Interest is very important.Boring lists of facts are much more difficult to remember than something that we understand and are interested in.Motivation, or wanting to do something, is also important.Motivation is linked with reward.For example, a hungry animal quickly learns how to do something if that action gets the animal food.In humans, wanting to learn is often motivation.The praise of a teacher or the knowledge that an answer is correct is rewarding.【文章大意】關(guān)于記憶力的一篇研究報(bào)告。

記憶力是一種能力，有了這個(gè)能力就可以記住過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情。但是很難說(shuō)明記憶痕由什么構(gòu)成。心理學(xué)家利用三種方式揭示出人的記憶：其一是回憶，其二是識(shí)別，其三是再學(xué)習(xí)。

對(duì)此，作者在文中分別舉例進(jìn)行了說(shuō)明。短文的最后一段說(shuō)明，要想記住某事的一種方法是多次重復(fù)。但是重復(fù)無(wú)意義的東西卻很難記住，所以興趣和動(dòng)機(jī)兩者都是很重要的。動(dòng)機(jī)與回報(bào)有關(guān)系，例如：饑餓的動(dòng)物學(xué)動(dòng)作會(huì)很快，因?yàn)樗鼈兛梢缘玫绞澄镒鳛楠?jiǎng)賞。

52.We can learn from the 2nd paragraph that.A.bad memories may cause rats to fear the dark

B.it is hard to tell what a memory trace consists of

C.chemical substances carry certain memories

D.memory is stored in the brain as a substance

【答案】 B

【解析】 該題為主旨大意題。文章講到：據(jù)說(shuō)記憶儲(chǔ)存在腦子的記憶痕里，什么構(gòu)成這些記憶痕尚不知道，有些科學(xué)家相信某些化學(xué)物質(zhì)可能就攜帶得有某些記憶，比如有一種給老鼠的物質(zhì)，會(huì)讓他們從而害怕黑暗?？忌x完該段落，要明白C、D都只是該段中的一個(gè)用來(lái)說(shuō)明性的素材，而A就是對(duì)最后一句的曲解，故選B。

53.The way to pick out the items on the first list from the second is known as.A.recognition B.recall C.memorization D.relearning

【答案】 A

【解析】 本題為推理判斷題。其正確答案可以從第三段中找到：在第二行中看出“回憶”能力的實(shí)驗(yàn)；接著就提出另外一個(gè)方法“辨認(rèn)”：給測(cè)試對(duì)象的還是那份雜貨單，但是要求測(cè)試對(duì)象從此單子中選出。。，該小題題目中對(duì)句中的choose...from...，等于是提出了一個(gè)理解問(wèn)題的出處。

54.What is considered as a measure of how much one has remembered?

A.The length of the list.B.The type of list items.C.The time difference of relearning.D.The time difference of brain working.【答案】 C

【解析】 本題為詞語(yǔ)理解題。第三段的最后一句，就直接告訴考生答案了：“The difference in the time it takes to relearn the list is thought of as a measure of how much a person has remembered.此句中的...is thought of as...就相當(dāng)于...is regarded as/is considered。

55.A good way to train an animal to do something quickly is to.A.make the action easy B.praise it in words

C.reward it with food D.weaken its motivation

【答案】 C

【解析】本題為事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。文章最后一段第三行講到：動(dòng)機(jī)與獎(jiǎng)賞有聯(lián)系；接著就是拿饑餓動(dòng)物在什么條件下會(huì)。。來(lái)打比方，因此本題答案不難看出就是C。

V.Daily Conversation(15 points)

Directions: Pick out five appropriate expressions from the eight choices below and complete the following dialogue by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Jessica: I'm so excited!We have two weeks off!What are you going to do?

Natasha: 56.I guess I'll just stay home.Maybe I'll catch up on my reading.57 ? Any plans?

Jessica: Well, my parents have rented an apartment in California.I'm going to take long walks along the beach every day and do lots of swimming.Natasha: 58!

Jessica: 59 ? My parents will be happy to have you with us.Natasha: 60 ? I'd loveto!

56.【答案】 I’m not sure.【解析】 上一句說(shuō)到有假期；這個(gè)空之后的那句中，有一個(gè)詞（guess...）可以暗示出答案。

57.【答案】 What about you

【解析】 前面說(shuō)起自己可能。。；空格后面又問(wèn)“有什么計(jì)劃？”，自然是要問(wèn)對(duì)方的意思了。

58.【答案】 Sounds great

【解析】 對(duì)話中的Jessica上面說(shuō)完了自己的假期計(jì)劃安排，作為二人對(duì)話中的Natasha理應(yīng)對(duì)對(duì)方的計(jì)劃評(píng)價(jià)一下。

59.【答案】 Say, why don’t you come with us

【解析】 根據(jù)上面的對(duì)話，我們了解到：Natasha還沒(méi)有決定假期內(nèi)容，而Jessica的卻很明白，而且Natasha也覺(jué)得很好，這時(shí)可以初步選定答案；再看空格之后有：我父母也會(huì)很高興。。，所以答案為邀請(qǐng)性的最好了。

60.【答案】 Do you mean it

【解析】 Natasha自己本無(wú)明確打算，在聽(tīng)說(shuō)Jessica的美好計(jì)劃后，理應(yīng)就有羨慕之意，接著Jessica又邀請(qǐng)他同往，自然是有些不敢相信。

VI.Writing(25 points)

Directions: For this part, you are supposed to write an advertisement in English in 100-120 words based on the following situation.Remember to write it clearly.61．你(Li Yuan)所在的酒店需招聘數(shù)名管理人員，請(qǐng)你寫一則招聘廣告。內(nèi)容包括：

1、招聘原因和人數(shù)；

2、招聘對(duì)象(年齡、性別、學(xué)歷要求、：工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)等)；

3、優(yōu)先考慮條件(如：高學(xué)歷、有多年工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)、會(huì)外語(yǔ)等)；

4、報(bào)名時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和聯(lián)系方式。

Job Vacancy

VI.Writing(25 points)

1.評(píng)分原則

① 本題總分為25分，分5檔給分。

② 評(píng)分時(shí)，現(xiàn)根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容和語(yǔ)言確定其所屬檔次，然后根據(jù)該檔次的具體內(nèi)容給分。

③ 納入第五的的作文應(yīng)取得至少兩位閱卷教師的認(rèn)可。

④ 字?jǐn)?shù)不足100字的，酌情扣1至2分。

⑤ 拼寫與標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的準(zhǔn)確性視其對(duì)表達(dá)的影響程度予以評(píng)分。英、美式拼寫均可。

⑥ 如書(shū)寫較差，以致影響表達(dá)，將分?jǐn)?shù)降低一個(gè)檔次。

2.評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：

寫作相對(duì)來(lái)講是比較難的題目，但是因?yàn)橐呀?jīng)給出規(guī)定內(nèi)容和要求，只要翻譯準(zhǔn)確即可。不要求文字的華麗。咱們?cè)诎餐▽W(xué)校全程班的后期進(jìn)行寫作專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練時(shí)也專門練習(xí)過(guò)類似的應(yīng)用文，如果上過(guò)安通全程班的學(xué)員寫這個(gè)就比較容易一些了。短文字?jǐn)?shù)也要盡量湊夠100字。短文寫作，沒(méi)什么捷徑，多練習(xí)，熟能生巧。建議大家每星期至少寫一篇短文，并在每一篇中盡量換一個(gè)新話題，使用已經(jīng)學(xué)到的詞匯，詞組，句式。這樣既可以強(qiáng)化記憶單詞，同時(shí)也可以實(shí)踐語(yǔ)法和句型，嘗試自己是否可以駕御寫作英文文章。同時(shí)在實(shí)踐中，將母語(yǔ)中文與英語(yǔ)漸漸的融為一體，發(fā)展自己的寫作風(fēng)格。

【總評(píng)】大多數(shù)學(xué)生認(rèn)為此英語(yǔ)試卷并不像以往真題那么高不可攀，覺(jué)得難度方面還可以。對(duì)于參加過(guò)安通輔導(dǎo)班的學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，試題比較容易，但是對(duì)于工作中的成人學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，由于自身復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)間有限，不會(huì)覺(jué)得過(guò)于輕松。但是難易程度是他們可以接受的，所得分?jǐn)?shù)也會(huì)在他們可以接受的范圍。比前幾年平均分?jǐn)?shù)要理想得多，學(xué)生滿意度要高?？偟膩?lái)說(shuō)，在復(fù)習(xí)輔導(dǎo)的過(guò)程中，無(wú)論教師、學(xué)生，只要本著《大綱》宗旨，按照大綱中要點(diǎn)，按部就班復(fù)習(xí)就可以了。多注重基本知識(shí)點(diǎn)的復(fù)習(xí)，不要過(guò)多地把精力放在難題、偏題上面，畢竟這類題在考試中占少數(shù)。由于英語(yǔ)試題靈活多樣，建議廣大考生不要太在意壓題，而是要注重對(duì)知識(shí)點(diǎn)的復(fù)習(xí)掌握，對(duì)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)把握等等。

第四篇：2015安徽省教師考編真題

2015安徽省教師考編真題

一、基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)題(本大題共7題，共24分)

1、下列詞語(yǔ)中加點(diǎn)的字，韻母完全相同的一組是(D)(2分)

A橫豎 彩虹 耕耘 溫馨 B金銀 經(jīng)營(yíng) 精英 靜音

C才能 根本 樹(shù)坑 感恩 D鳥(niǎo)瞰 前沿 鼾聲 河岸

2、下列成語(yǔ)中沒(méi)有錯(cuò)別字的一組是(A)(2分)

A殘?jiān)珨啾?惡語(yǔ)相加 俯拾即是 B沽名釣謄 耳濡目染 喬裝打扮

C慈眉善目 無(wú)稽之談 形直影單 D一代鼎臣 抑惡揚(yáng)善 囊熒照書(shū)

3、下列各句中沒(méi)有使用比喻修辭手法的是(C)(2分)

A極目遠(yuǎn)眺碧綠如絲絨般的草原上，是一頭頭黑白兩色的奶牛

B一道道高低錯(cuò)落的瀑布，宛如白練騰空，銀花四濺，蔚為壯觀

C看著和小伙伴們一起玩耍的照片，我仿佛一下子回到了二十年前

D鮮花和彩燈輝映，禮花伴歌聲齊飛，天安門廣場(chǎng)猶如歡樂(lè)的海洋。

4、下列句子中沒(méi)有語(yǔ)病的一句是(B)(2分)

A人們透過(guò)這陰慘慘的濃霧，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)地凝視著這尊黑色的雕像徐徐沉進(jìn)遼闊的大海。

B今天我得到了一個(gè)沉痛的教訓(xùn)，那就是，永遠(yuǎn)不要在發(fā)怒的時(shí)候處理任何事情。

C先生把平生的學(xué)問(wèn)都交給了諸葛亮，為諸葛亮成為政治家和軍事家打下了烙印。

D我雖然熱愛(ài)祖國(guó)的山河大山，就是一草一木，一花一石，我也感到親切，值得我留念。

5、下列關(guān)于引用法的表述，不正確的一項(xiàng)是(B)(2分)

A老師經(jīng)常教育我們：“一日之計(jì)在于晨，一年之計(jì)在于春”這里的引號(hào)表示引用。

B人們常說(shuō)“開(kāi)卷有益”，其實(shí)讀讀春聯(lián)也是一種很好的學(xué)習(xí)。這里的引號(hào)表示否定。

C現(xiàn)在，人們逛商場(chǎng)可以用“電子錢包”付款，這里的引號(hào)表詞語(yǔ)有特殊的含義。

D人們常接受“伸”，難容“屈”，認(rèn)為“屈”是窩囊，這里的引號(hào)表示著重論述的內(nèi)容。

6、古詩(shī)文填空(8分)

(1)生當(dāng)作人杰，死亦為鬼雄。至今思項(xiàng)羽，不肯過(guò)江。李清照《夏日絕句》

(2)老驥伏櫪，志在千里。烈士暮年，壯心不己。曹操《龜雖壽》

(3)青海長(zhǎng)云暗雪山，孤城遙望玉門關(guān)。黃沙百戰(zhàn)穿金甲，不破樓蘭終不還。王昌齡

《從軍行》

(4)故木受繩則直，金就礪則利。君子博學(xué)而日參醒乎己，則知明而行無(wú)過(guò)矣。

7、文學(xué)常識(shí)填空(6分)

(1)《論語(yǔ)》 《孟子》 《大學(xué)》《中庸》被稱為“四書(shū)”，是國(guó)學(xué)經(jīng)典。

(2)蕭紅是我國(guó)現(xiàn)代著名女作家，她的成名作是《生死場(chǎng)》，代表作是《呼蘭河傳》

(3)《項(xiàng)鏈》《我的叔叔于勒》的作者是 法 國(guó)家的 莫泊桑，他被成為短篇小說(shuō)之王。

二、閱讀鑒賞題(本大題共7題，共20分)

正午牡丹

[宋〕沈括

歐陽(yáng)公嘗得一古畫牡丹叢，其下有一貓，未識(shí)其精粗。丞相正肅吳公與歐陽(yáng)公姻家，一見(jiàn)曰：“此正午牡丹也。何以明之?其花披哆而色燥，此日中時(shí)花也;貓眼黑睛如線，此正午貓眼也。若帶露花，則房斂而色澤。貓眼早暮則睛圓，日高漸狹長(zhǎng)，正午則如一線耳?！贝艘嗌魄蠊湃斯P意也。

[注〕①姻家：兒女親家 ②哆(chi)：張口的樣子，此處指花瓣張開(kāi)

8、解釋文中加點(diǎn)的詞(2分)

歐陽(yáng)公嘗得一古畫牡丹叢，其下有一貓，未識(shí)精粗。嘗： 曾經(jīng)

若帶露花，則房斂而色澤。房： 花房

9、翻譯文中畫線的句子(2分)

這也是善于探求古人筆下的意境。

10、吳公對(duì)“牡丹從”這幅畫的評(píng)價(jià)，告訴我們什么道理(2分)

答： 畫家善于觀察，才能畫出常人所不見(jiàn)之處。而要想識(shí)畫之妙，亦非善于觀察不可。做任何事皆如此，豈止一畫而已。

閱讀下面的現(xiàn)代詩(shī)歌，完成第11題。

秋

沙白

湖波上

蕩著紅葉一片，如一葉扁舟

上面坐著秋天。

11、“秋天”“坐”在“紅葉”上，多么美的意境，試加以賞析(4分)

答： 這是一首通過(guò)一片紅葉表現(xiàn)秋的神韻的小詩(shī)。運(yùn)用比喻和擬人的修辭手法，詩(shī)人

巧妙地用一個(gè)比喻“如一葉扁舟，”并用“坐”將“秋”人格化，用語(yǔ)精練傳神，內(nèi)蘊(yùn)極為豐厚，一個(gè)“坐”字，寫活了秋大，變靜景為動(dòng)景也給讀者留下了無(wú)限遐想的空間。

閱讀下面文字，完成第12~14題。

宇宙的愛(ài)

依舊是四年前的我。這些青綠的葉，可是四年前的那些青綠的葉?水可是四年前的水?云可是四年前的云?——我可是四年前的我?

它們依舊是葉兒，水兒，云兒，也依舊只是四年前的葉兒，水兒，云兒?！欢鼈儏s經(jīng)過(guò)了幾番宇宙的愛(ài)化，從新的生命里欣欣的長(zhǎng)著，活活的流著，自由的停留著。

它們依舊是四年前的，只是滲透了宇宙的愛(ài)，化出了新的生命?！铱墒撬哪昵暗奈?

四年前的它們，只覺(jué)得憨嬉活潑，現(xiàn)在為何換成一片的微妙莊嚴(yán)?——但我可是四年前的我?

抬頭望月，何如水中看月!一樣的天光云影，還添上樹(shù)枝兒蕩漾，圓月兒飄浮，和一個(gè)獨(dú)俯清流的我。

白線般的長(zhǎng)墻，橫拖在青綠的山上。在這浩浩的太空里，阻不了陽(yáng)光照臨，也阻不了風(fēng)兒來(lái)去，——只有自然的愛(ài)是無(wú)限的，何用勞苦工夫，來(lái)區(qū)分這和愛(ài)的世界?

坐對(duì)著起伏的山，起立的塔，無(wú)邊的村落平原，只抱著膝兒凝想。朝陽(yáng)照到發(fā)上了，——想著東邊隱隱的城圍里，有幾個(gè)沒(méi)來(lái)的孩子，初回家的冰仲，抱病的冰叔，和昨天獨(dú)自睡在樹(shù)下的小弟弟，怎得他們也在這兒??

一九二一年六月十八日，在西山。

(選自《冰心選集》第2卷)

12、請(qǐng)梳理出本文的行文思路(3分)

答： 作者通過(guò)回憶，寫了葉兒、水兒、云兒幾個(gè)物象引出作者思考，寫出了它們經(jīng)過(guò)了幾番宇宙的愛(ài)化，從新生命里欣欣的長(zhǎng)著，活活的流著，自由的停留著，訴說(shuō)了這個(gè)宇宙有愛(ài)。

13、結(jié)合文章的內(nèi)容，談?wù)勀銓?duì)“宇宙的愛(ài)”的理解(3分)

答： 讓我們明白了人活著不需要處心積慮，不需要傷筋動(dòng)骨，一切改變?cè)从趯?duì)生活的熱愛(ài)，只有付出你的愛(ài)心，付出你的快樂(lè)，付出你的希望，才能滲透宇宙的愛(ài)，化出新的生命。

14、試舉例分析本文的語(yǔ)言特色

答： 全文語(yǔ)言清新流利，文章中每段都有和前段相似的句式，簡(jiǎn)短的句子，精煉的語(yǔ)言，仿佛作者在用排比句來(lái)表達(dá)自己的感情，就像詩(shī)歌一樣，語(yǔ)言具有一種音韻美。

三、課程理論題(本大題共2題，共8分)

15、根據(jù)(義務(wù)教育語(yǔ)文課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》(2011版)內(nèi)容完成下列問(wèn)題。

(1)工具性 與人文性的統(tǒng)一是語(yǔ)文課程的基本特點(diǎn)。

(2)閱讀教學(xué)是學(xué)生，教師，教科書(shū)編者，文本之間對(duì)話的過(guò)程。

(3)能具體明確，文從字順 地表達(dá)自己的見(jiàn)聞，體驗(yàn)和想法，能根據(jù)需要，運(yùn)用常見(jiàn)的表達(dá)方式寫作，發(fā)展書(shū)面語(yǔ)問(wèn)運(yùn)用能力。

(4)語(yǔ)文課程評(píng)價(jià)的根本目的是為了促進(jìn)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)、改善教師教學(xué)。

16?！读x務(wù)教育語(yǔ)文課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》(2011版)在“學(xué)段目標(biāo)與內(nèi)容中”除了“識(shí)字和寫字”外，還提出哪四個(gè)方面的要求。請(qǐng)簡(jiǎn)要回答。

答： 閱讀、寫作(第一學(xué)段為“寫話”，第二、三、四學(xué)段為“習(xí)作”)、口語(yǔ)交際、綜合性學(xué)習(xí)

四、教學(xué)實(shí)踐題(本大題共3題，共28分)

17、下面是一篇7歲孩子的“寫話”，作為語(yǔ)文老師，請(qǐng)你結(jié)合這篇寫話按優(yōu)中差確定一個(gè)等級(jí)，并寫出評(píng)定的理由(8分)

媽媽回來(lái)了

前段時(shí)間，媽媽去了杭州學(xué)習(xí)，去了好長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，可能有一個(gè)月吧。今天媽媽終于從杭州回來(lái)了，我非常高興。因?yàn)閶寢尩膽驯Ш芘停驗(yàn)閶寢尰貋?lái)會(huì)給我過(guò)生日，因?yàn)閶寢屧诩依飼?huì)給我讀書(shū)??

媽媽不在家的時(shí)候，我很想她。想媽媽的感覺(jué)，就是一種想哭的感覺(jué)。

答： 優(yōu)。寫話是低年級(jí)孩子表達(dá)和交流的重要方式，在寫話教學(xué)中，應(yīng)該注重培養(yǎng)觀察、思考能力，要求學(xué)生能說(shuō)真話、實(shí)話、心理話。本段寫話寫明了事件的起因，以及自己非常高興的原因，而且排比手法運(yùn)用很熟練，并且把想媽媽這種抽象的感情具象化。

18、請(qǐng)根據(jù)課文，從“教什么”的角度評(píng)價(jià)下面的教學(xué)片段有哪些可取之處(8分)

高爾基和他的兒子

[課文〕

高爾基是一位偉大的作家，他很愛(ài)自己的兒子。

有一年，高爾基在意大利的一個(gè)小島上休養(yǎng)，他的妻子帶著兒子前來(lái)探望他。

高爾基的兒子只有10歲，個(gè)兒還沒(méi)有攫頭高。來(lái)到爸爸身邊以后，他顧不上休息，一直在忙著栽種各種各樣的花草。假期很快過(guò)去了，他告別了爸爸，跟著媽媽回去了。

春天到了，兒子種的花全都開(kāi)了。春風(fēng)吹來(lái)，咤紫嫣紅的花兒輕輕搖晃著，散發(fā)出陣陣芳香，引來(lái)了一只只小蜜蜂。

傍晚，彩霞染紅了天空。高爾基坐在院子里，欣賞著兒子種的花，心里有說(shuō)不出的高興。瞧，那些盛開(kāi)的花朵多像兒子紅撲撲的臉龐啊!

不久，兒子收到了高爾基從遠(yuǎn)方寄來(lái)的信。信里說(shuō)：

“你回去了，可是你栽的花留了下來(lái)。我望著它們，心里想：我的兒子在島上留下了美好的東西一一鮮花。

“要是留給人們的都是美好的東西，那你的生活該會(huì)多么愉快呀!一一鮮花。

要是留給人們的都是美好的東西，那你的生活該會(huì)多么愉快呀!。

[教學(xué)實(shí)錄片段]

師：默讀全文，你覺(jué)得哪些話能引起你的思考就畫起來(lái)做上記號(hào)，在旁邊寫一篇自己的感受。(學(xué)生默讀，圖畫，思考，寫感受，老師巡視)

師：下面我們進(jìn)行交流

生：我劃了“你要知道‘給’永遠(yuǎn)比‘拿’愉快”這句話，還寫了感受。

師：讀一讀你畫的這句話，說(shuō)說(shuō)你寫的感受。

生1：我從中感受到，贈(zèng)人玫瑰，手有余香。

生2：我們應(yīng)該把幫助別人當(dāng)做一種快樂(lè)。

生3：我知道“給”是給予，“拿”是索取??

師：你們讀懂了這句話，(展示自己的批注)我也化了這一句，我的批注是，高爾基就是這樣的一個(gè)，我會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)記住他。

生：我畫的是“瞧，那些盛開(kāi)的花朵多像兒子紅撲撲的臉龐啊!”把花朵比作兒子的臉龐，表達(dá)了高爾基對(duì)兒子的思念??

師：老師也花了這句話，讀這句話老師想到兩個(gè)詞，你們猜猜是哪兩個(gè)詞。

生：觸景生情

師：(點(diǎn)頭)還有一個(gè)詞——(生困惑，師引導(dǎo)，等學(xué)生揣摩之后，投影展示自己的批注：觸景生情、睹物思人)

師：同學(xué)們，這就是圈畫批注，是一種重要的閱讀方法，你們一定要掌握。

師：下面請(qǐng)同學(xué)們代高爾基的兒子給高爾基寫一封回信。寫之前，我們來(lái)談?wù)劯郀柣o兒子的信，看看寫了哪些內(nèi)容。

生1：花開(kāi)了很漂亮

生2：他很思念兒子

生3：希望兒子多助人

師：要注意信的格式，誰(shuí)來(lái)說(shuō)說(shuō)書(shū)信的格式(學(xué)生寫回信，老師巡視)

師：誰(shuí)來(lái)讀一讀回信(指名上臺(tái)讀自己的回信，點(diǎn)評(píng)精彩之處)

生：(展示自己寫的回信)讀一讀老師寫的回信，請(qǐng)同學(xué)們給一點(diǎn)評(píng)價(jià)。

生1：這用了排比的句子

生2：老師會(huì)分段

生3：老師善于引用名言

答： 默讀環(huán)節(jié)，任務(wù)很明確，能讓學(xué)生帶著任務(wù)去閱讀，這樣可以提高讀書(shū)的效率。講解環(huán)節(jié)，通過(guò)對(duì)關(guān)鍵詞的把握，給予學(xué)生正確價(jià)值觀的引導(dǎo)。通過(guò)對(duì)文本內(nèi)容的解讀，帶領(lǐng)學(xué)生回顧書(shū)信的格式，能做到與舊知識(shí)銜接自然。

19、依據(jù)課文，按照‘，教學(xué)目標(biāo)’，在橫線上補(bǔ)寫教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容，完成(1)、(3)題(12分)

巨人的花園

從前，一個(gè)小村子里有座漂亮的花園。那里，春天鮮花盛開(kāi)，夏天綠樹(shù)成陰，秋天鮮果飄香，冬天白雪一片。村里的孩子都喜歡到那里玩。

花園的主人是個(gè)巨人，他外出旅行已有好久了?；▓@里常年洋溢著孩子們歡樂(lè)的笑聲。

有一年秋天，巨人突然回來(lái)了。他見(jiàn)到孩子們?cè)诨▓@里玩耍，很生氣：“誰(shuí)允許你們到這兒來(lái)玩的!都滾出去!”

孩子們嚇壞了，四處逃散。

趕走孩子以后，巨人在花園周圍砌起圍墻，而且豎起一塊“禁止入內(nèi)”的告示牌。

不久，北風(fēng)呼嘯，隆冬來(lái)臨，刺骨的寒風(fēng)吹起雪花。巨人孤獨(dú)地度過(guò)了漫長(zhǎng)的嚴(yán)冬。春天終于來(lái)了，村子里又開(kāi)出美麗的鮮花，不時(shí)傳來(lái)小鳥(niǎo)的歡叫。但不知為什么，巨人的花園里仍然是冬天，天天狂風(fēng)大作，雪花飛舞。巨人裹著毯子，還瑟瑟發(fā)抖。他想：“今年的春天為什么這么冷，這么荒涼呀??”

一天早晨，巨人被喧鬧聲吵醒了。他抬頭望去，一縷陽(yáng)光從窗外射進(jìn)來(lái)。好幾個(gè)月沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)這么明媚的陽(yáng)光了。巨人激動(dòng)地跑到花園里，他看到花園里草翠花開(kāi)，有許多孩子在歡快地游戲，他們大概是從圍墻的破損處鉆進(jìn)來(lái)的。孩子們的歡笑使花園增添了春意。可是巨人又發(fā)脾氣了：“好容易才盼來(lái)春天，你們又來(lái)胡鬧。滾出去!”孩子們聽(tīng)到可怕的訓(xùn)斥，紛紛逃竄。與此同時(shí)，鮮花凋謝，樹(shù)葉飄落，花園又被冰雪覆蓋了。巨人不解地看看四周，突然發(fā)現(xiàn)桃樹(shù)底下站著個(gè)小男孩。

“喂!你趕快滾出去!”巨人大聲叱責(zé)。小男孩沒(méi)有拔腿逃跑，卻用他那會(huì)說(shuō)話的眼睛凝視著巨人。不知怎么，巨人看著他的眼神，心里感到火辣辣的。這個(gè)小男孩在樹(shù)下一伸手，桃樹(shù)馬上綻出綠芽，開(kāi)出許多美麗的花朵。

“噢!是這么回事呀!”巨人終于明白，沒(méi)有孩子的地方就沒(méi)有春天。他不禁抱住了那個(gè)孩子：“喚來(lái)寒冬的，是我那顆任性、冷酷的心啊!要不是你提醒，春天將永遠(yuǎn)被我趕走了。謝謝你!”

小男孩在巨人寬大的臉頰上親了一下。巨人第一次感到了溫暖和愉快。于是，他立刻拆除圍墻，把花園給了孩子們。

從那以后，巨人的花園又成了孩子們的樂(lè)園。孩子們站在巨人的腳下，爬上巨人的肩膀，盡情地玩耍。巨人生活在漂亮的花園和孩子們中間，感到無(wú)比的幸福。

教學(xué)目標(biāo)：

進(jìn)一步引導(dǎo)學(xué)生理解課文，了解童話的特點(diǎn)

教學(xué)過(guò)程：

第一環(huán)節(jié)：再一次默讀課文，邊讀邊劃出描寫匠人語(yǔ)言，行為，花園景色的語(yǔ)句。

第二環(huán)節(jié)：交流匠人的語(yǔ)言，感悟匠人形象，進(jìn)一步理解內(nèi)容。

①

第三環(huán)節(jié)：交流相應(yīng)的描寫花園景色的語(yǔ)句，讓學(xué)生感受到花園由“漂亮”，到“荒涼”，再到“美麗”，的神奇變化。

第四環(huán)節(jié)：引導(dǎo)學(xué)生細(xì)讀課文第8自然段，并按照文中畫線的句子表達(dá)，感悟童話得神奇。

②

第五環(huán)節(jié)：學(xué)生細(xì)讀課文第9。10自然段，交流，揭示童話蘊(yùn)含的道理。

沒(méi)有孩子的地方就沒(méi)有春天，快樂(lè)要和大家一起分享。

第六環(huán)節(jié)：回顧全文，師生共同總結(jié)童話的特點(diǎn)。

③

(1)在①處補(bǔ)寫引導(dǎo)學(xué)生理解匠人語(yǔ)言的具體過(guò)程。

請(qǐng)學(xué)生快速找到巨人訓(xùn)斤孩子們的三句話，理解巨人在說(shuō)這些話時(shí)，心里會(huì)怎么想的?

通過(guò)這幾句話你能感受到巨人是個(gè)什么樣的人。

(2)在②處仿寫兩個(gè)句子

這個(gè)小免子在河邊吹了一口氣，河水馬上融化了，叮叮咚咚流向遠(yuǎn)方。

這個(gè)小姑娘在濕地邊一跺腳，濕地上馬上長(zhǎng)出蘑菇，開(kāi)出了許多白色的小傘。

(3)在③處簡(jiǎn)要地概括童話的特點(diǎn)

幻想是童話的基本特征(童話的生命)。童話的幻想是通過(guò)某些藝術(shù)手法表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的，其中最主要的是夸張、象征和擬人?；恼Q是童話必不可少的美學(xué)品格。(童話的血液)

寫作表達(dá)題(本大題40分)

20、請(qǐng)以“我喜歡這樣的語(yǔ)文課”，為題，寫一篇不少于600字的文章。

要求自選角度，確定立意，明確文體(詩(shī)歌除外);不要套作，不得抄襲，不得泄露個(gè)人相關(guān)信息;書(shū)寫規(guī)范，正確使用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)。

2016年福建省教師招聘考試小學(xué)語(yǔ)文真題卷

一、選擇題

1.下列詞語(yǔ)中加點(diǎn)字注音全部正確的一項(xiàng)是()

A.給養(yǎng)(jǐ)熾熱(chì)劊子手(guì)自怨自艾(yì)

B.愴然(qiàng)賠償(chǎng)浣溪沙(huàn)引吭高歌(háng)

C.玷污(diàn)埋怨(mán)踱方步(duó)拔苗助長(zhǎng)(bá)

D.鞭笞(chī)針砭(biǎn)沙家浜(bāng)悄然無(wú)聲(qiǎo)

2.下列成語(yǔ)中沒(méi)有錯(cuò)別字的一項(xiàng)是()

A.一籌莫展 相形見(jiàn)拙 黯然銷魂 明辨是非

B.生靈涂炭 馳騁疆場(chǎng) 仗義直言 計(jì)日程功

C.英雄倍出 厲行節(jié)約 破釜沉舟 以逸代勞

D.富麗堂皇 卑躬屈膝 味同嚼蠟 耳濡目染

3.下列關(guān)于《漢字拼音方案》的表述，錯(cuò)誤的一項(xiàng)是()

A.《漢字拼音方案》為我國(guó)現(xiàn)行拼音方案，是推廣普通話的有效工具。

B.《漢字拼音方案》字母表中的大寫字母與英文中的大寫字母寫法完全相同。

C.《漢字拼音方案》包括字母表、聲母表、韻母表、聲調(diào)符號(hào)、隔音符號(hào)五個(gè)部分。

D.《漢字拼音方案》克服了直音法、反切法等注音法的缺點(diǎn)，能夠準(zhǔn)確的給漢字注音。

4.下列各句中沒(méi)有語(yǔ)病的一項(xiàng)是()

A.從中國(guó)人以認(rèn)識(shí)到再也不能錯(cuò)過(guò)歷史機(jī)遇之日起，就開(kāi)始了新的長(zhǎng)征。

B.我們單位新來(lái)的小丁，今年二十三歲，恰好比他父親的年齡小一倍。

C.城鎮(zhèn)化建設(shè)要體現(xiàn)天人合一理念，構(gòu)建生態(tài)與文化保護(hù)體系，實(shí)現(xiàn)城鎮(zhèn)與自然和諧發(fā)展。

D.參加修建水渠的勞動(dòng)大軍，響應(yīng)號(hào)召，駿馬愉又好地進(jìn)行施工任務(wù)，爭(zhēng)取提前完成工程。

5.下列關(guān)于修辭手法的分析，錯(cuò)誤的一項(xiàng)是()

A.“爭(zhēng)渡，爭(zhēng)渡，驚起一灘鷗鷺”，運(yùn)用反復(fù)的手法，表現(xiàn)詞人急于尋路回家而奮力劃船的情形。

B.“我到了自家房外，母親迎了出來(lái)，接著便飛出來(lái)八歲的侄兒。”運(yùn)用擬人物的手法，寫出侄兒心情急切和動(dòng)作輕快。

C.“時(shí)間是勤奮者的財(cái)富，創(chuàng)作者的寶庫(kù);時(shí)間是懶惰者的包袱，浪費(fèi)者的墳?zāi)??！边\(yùn)用襯托的手法寫出時(shí)間對(duì)不同人的不同意義和效應(yīng)。

D.“可是當(dāng)兵一當(dāng)三四年，打仗總打了百十回吧，身上要汗毛也沒(méi)碰斷。”運(yùn)用夸張的手法，強(qiáng)調(diào)無(wú)知勇士身經(jīng)百戰(zhàn)而沒(méi)受一點(diǎn)操作，夸贊戰(zhàn)士的英勇。

6.法國(guó)作家雨果的作品中，最能體現(xiàn)美丑對(duì)照美學(xué)原則的作品是()

A.《悲慘世界》 B.《巴黎圣母院》

C.《笑面人》 D.《海上勞工》

7.關(guān)于文藝的起源，我國(guó)現(xiàn)代理論中一直占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位的是()

A.勞動(dòng)說(shuō) B.巫術(shù)說(shuō)

C.游戲說(shuō) D.模仿說(shuō)

8.下列關(guān)于語(yǔ)文課程建設(shè)的表述，錯(cuò)誤的一項(xiàng)是()

A.應(yīng)努力建設(shè)開(kāi)放而有活力的語(yǔ)文課程，盡可能滿足不同學(xué)校、不同學(xué)生的需要。

B.語(yǔ)文課程的建設(shè)應(yīng)繼承我國(guó)語(yǔ)文教學(xué)的優(yōu)良傳統(tǒng)，注重讀書(shū)、積累和感悟。

C.應(yīng)拓寬語(yǔ)文學(xué)習(xí)和運(yùn)用的領(lǐng)域，注重跨學(xué)科的學(xué)習(xí)和現(xiàn)代科技手段的運(yùn)用。

D.應(yīng)確立適應(yīng)時(shí)代需要的語(yǔ)文課程目標(biāo)，開(kāi)發(fā)課程資源，形成穩(wěn)定而不變的實(shí)施機(jī)制。

9.根據(jù)《義務(wù)教育語(yǔ)文課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(2011年版)》，下列關(guān)于寫字教學(xué)階段目標(biāo)的表述正確的一項(xiàng)是()

A.第二學(xué)段要求學(xué)生能用硬筆書(shū)寫正楷字，做到規(guī)范、端正、整潔。

B.第二學(xué)段要求學(xué)生能用毛筆描紅正楷字帖。

C.第三學(xué)段要求學(xué)生能用硬筆書(shū)寫行書(shū)，行款整齊，力求美觀，有一定的速度。

D.第三學(xué)段要求學(xué)生能用毛筆字書(shū)寫行書(shū)，在書(shū)寫中體會(huì)漢字的優(yōu)美。

10.根據(jù)《義務(wù)教育語(yǔ)文課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(2011年版)》，下列關(guān)于語(yǔ)文綜合性學(xué)習(xí)案例的評(píng)價(jià)，錯(cuò)誤的一項(xiàng)是()

【案例】六年級(jí)某班的語(yǔ)文老師決定開(kāi)發(fā)一次有關(guān)清明節(jié)的一次綜合性學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)。同學(xué)們經(jīng)過(guò)充分的溝通，擬出了“清明節(jié)與傳統(tǒng)文化”的綜合性學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)方案。在班長(zhǎng)的組織下，同學(xué)們分工完成了以下幾件事：⑴收集清明節(jié)的故事、民俗;⑵搜尋有關(guān)清明節(jié)的詩(shī)歌，在早讀課上朗讀背誦;⑶一部分同學(xué)走訪當(dāng)?shù)氐牧沂苛陥@并收集革命先烈的故事，一同學(xué)向家人了解逝去親人的故事，舉行感恩教育主題班會(huì);⑷同桌合作，共同完成一張以“清明節(jié)與傳統(tǒng)文化”為主題的手抄報(bào)，并舉行手抄報(bào)展覽。

A.該案例貼近現(xiàn)實(shí)生活，聯(lián)系生活中的實(shí)際問(wèn)題開(kāi)展學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)。

B.該案例的設(shè)計(jì)開(kāi)放，多元，拓展學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)和創(chuàng)造的空間。

C.該案例強(qiáng)調(diào)合作精神，注意培養(yǎng)學(xué)生策劃、組織、協(xié)調(diào)和實(shí)施能力。

D.該案例主要由學(xué)生自行設(shè)計(jì)和組織。

二、填空題

11.無(wú)為在歧路，______________________。

12.秋風(fēng)蕭瑟，______________________。

13.蒹葭蒼蒼，______________________。

14.______________________，潭面無(wú)風(fēng)鏡未磨。

15.童孫未解供耕織，______________________。

16.《哦，香雪》的作者是___________。

17.寓言主要由兩個(gè)要素組成：故事和___________。

18.法國(guó)作家羅曼·羅蘭的作品“巨人三傳”，包括《米開(kāi)朗基羅傳》《托爾斯泰傳》和《___________》

19.《義務(wù)教育語(yǔ)文課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(2011年版)》指出，口語(yǔ)交際的評(píng)價(jià)，就要按照不同學(xué)段的要求，綜合考察學(xué)生的參與意識(shí)、情感態(tài)度和___________。

20.《義務(wù)教育語(yǔ)文課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(2011年版)》指出，默語(yǔ)的評(píng)價(jià)應(yīng)從默讀的方法、速度、效果和___________等方面進(jìn)行綜合考察。

三、古詩(shī)文閱讀

(一)閱讀下面一首詩(shī)，完成21~22題。

又呈吳朗⑴

堂前撲棗任西鄰，無(wú)食無(wú)兒一婦人。

不為困窮寧有此,只緣恐懼轉(zhuǎn)須親。

即防遠(yuǎn)客雖多事,便插疏籬卻甚真。

已訴征求貧到骨,正思戎馬淚盈巾。

21.請(qǐng)對(duì)詩(shī)歌第一句“堂前撲棗任西鄰”中“任”字作簡(jiǎn)要賞析。

22.請(qǐng)寫出杜甫另一詩(shī)《茅屋為秋風(fēng)所破歌》與本詩(shī)所表達(dá)的情感相近的名句。

㈡閱讀下面文言文，完成23~24題。

燭之武退秦師(節(jié)選)

《左傳》

夜縋而出，見(jiàn)秦伯，曰：“秦、晉圍鄭，鄭既知亡矣。若亡鄭而有益于君，敢以煩執(zhí)事。越國(guó)以鄙遠(yuǎn)，君知其難也，焉用亡鄭以陪鄰?鄰之厚，君之薄也。若舍鄭以為東道主，行李之往來(lái)，共其乏困，君亦無(wú)所害。且君嘗為晉君賜矣;許君焦、瑕，朝濟(jì)而夕設(shè)版焉，君之所知也。夫晉，何厭之有?既東封鄭、又欲肆其西封，若不闕秦，將焉取之?闕秦以利晉，唯君圖之?！鼻夭f(shuō)，與鄭人盟。使杞子、逢孫、楊孫戍之，乃還。

子犯請(qǐng)擊之。公曰：“不可。微夫人之力不及此。因人之力而敝之，不仁;失其所與，不知;以亂易整，不武。吾其還也。”亦去之。

23.將上面劃?rùn)M線的句子翻譯成現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)。

越國(guó)以鄙遠(yuǎn)，君知其難也，焉用亡鄭以陪鄰?

24.請(qǐng)聯(lián)系文本，簡(jiǎn)要分析燭之武的“說(shuō)辭”為何能讓秦伯退后。

四、文本解讀與教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)

百合獻(xiàn)誰(shuí)

劉心武

看芭蕾舞劇《天鵝湖》，用望遠(yuǎn)鏡細(xì)觀臺(tái)上，不是緊盯著王子和白天鵝，而是逐個(gè)地掃描那些配舞的天鵝，除了“三大天鵝”“四小天鵝”外，還有若干毫不能令觀眾特別矚目的“眾天鵝”，而在她們當(dāng)中，當(dāng)舞姿“凝固”時(shí)，也還有排在前列與隱在后面的區(qū)別，于是從望遠(yuǎn)鏡中注意到，在最后面，一位天鵝雙腿優(yōu)雅地分立，頭頸微偏，雙手蘭花般交錯(cuò)于翹起的裙裾上，身影與其他天鵝同樣的美麗，在耐心地作為暗景中的“綠葉”，以襯托主角王子與白天鵝在追光中的“紅花”怒綻。隨著舞曲的流動(dòng)，眾天鵝也開(kāi)始緩緩變換姿勢(shì)，于是我從望遠(yuǎn)鏡中，清晰地看到排列在最后的天鵝的細(xì)部，她的眉目，精心化妝后依然掩飾不了歲月的風(fēng)霜，轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)時(shí)，顯露出銳瘦的鎖骨，以及背后同樣“鋒利”的肩胛;可是，她雖隱于最后，卻也滿臉凄惻，渾身是戲。樂(lè)音陡變，眾天鵝如風(fēng)申白蓮般翕合旋舞，轉(zhuǎn)瞬間，我已不能再找到那位資深的舞娘??

我的思緒，飄出了《天鵝湖》，飄出了王子與白天鵝悲歡離合的故事。我在猜想，那位資深的舞娘，她有著怎樣的個(gè)人命運(yùn)?當(dāng)年她獻(xiàn)身芭蕾這一“殘酷的藝術(shù)”，不惜腳趾流血，苦練虛脫，一定懷著充當(dāng)舞臺(tái)追光下的白天鵝的美夢(mèng)，她曾圓過(guò)這個(gè)夢(mèng)嗎?也許，若干年前，她確曾是眾星所捧的那個(gè)“月”，可是，時(shí)光無(wú)情，后生可畏，她漸漸地，先是讓出白天鵝這個(gè)主角，再讓出“三大天鵝”之一的位置，在演出的說(shuō)明書(shū)上，從“掛頭牌”，到名字列于后面，到隱入于“本院演員”的模糊概念中??也許，更殘酷的是，她竟從未跳過(guò)主角，終其一生，也只是充當(dāng)“綠葉”，并且總在“亮相”時(shí)，隱于最后一列，雙手蘭花般交錯(cuò)于翹起的裙裾上??每當(dāng)那個(gè)時(shí)刻，她都能化入劇情之中，而不“走神”于自身命運(yùn)的吟唱么?

25.概括文本的主要內(nèi)容。

26.與第①段相對(duì)比，第②段描寫舞娘的手法有何不同。這樣寫對(duì)人物形象的刻畫有什么作用。

27.從內(nèi)容和形式上兩個(gè)角度分析題目“百合獻(xiàn)誰(shuí)”的妙處。

(二)教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)

28.請(qǐng)從文本的特點(diǎn)及小學(xué)六年級(jí)學(xué)生的認(rèn)知特點(diǎn)出發(fā)，確定本課教學(xué)的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)，并講明理由。

29.《義務(wù)教育語(yǔ)文課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(2011年版)》第三學(xué)段的閱讀教學(xué)目標(biāo)與內(nèi)容提出：“在閱讀中了解文章的表達(dá)順序，體會(huì)作者的思想感情，初步領(lǐng)悟文章的基本表達(dá)方式?！备鶕?jù)這一目標(biāo)為本文第①段擬定一份片段教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)(只需寫出其中“教學(xué)過(guò)程”部分的設(shè)計(jì))

少年閏土(魯迅)

30.“正確把握語(yǔ)文教育的特點(diǎn)”是《義務(wù)教育語(yǔ)文課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(2011年版)》提出的課程理念之一，請(qǐng)分析本教學(xué)實(shí)錄中教師的教學(xué)是如何落實(shí)這一理念的。(至少寫四點(diǎn))

31.人前進(jìn)的時(shí)候，一只手朝前，一只手朝后，朝前的手可以接受先行者的忠告，朝后的手拉一把緊跟著后來(lái)者，人類的發(fā)展就是這樣的一條鏈，結(jié)合你對(duì)教育的思考，寫一篇不少于600字的文章，詩(shī)歌除外。

第五篇：2013浙江省考真題

2013年浙江省考申論真題卷

給定資料：

資料1

源遠(yuǎn)流長(zhǎng)的中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化中有許多關(guān)于行為規(guī)范和道德修養(yǎng)的經(jīng)典論述和故事，《論語(yǔ)。顏淵》中，子貢問(wèn)孔子如何治國(guó)，孔子說(shuō)要做到三點(diǎn)：“足食”有足夠的糧食；“足兵”，有足夠的軍隊(duì)；“民信之矣”，還要得到百姓的信任。子貢問(wèn)，如果不得已必須去掉一項(xiàng)，去哪一項(xiàng)？孔子回答：“去兵”。子貢又問(wèn)，如果還必須去掉一項(xiàng)，去哪一項(xiàng)？孔子說(shuō)：“去食。自古皆有死，民無(wú)信不立?！?/p>

司馬遷《史記》中的《商君列傳》講了一個(gè)商鞅“立木為信”的故事。戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期，秦國(guó)的商鞅在秦孝公的支持下主持變法。當(dāng)時(shí)處于戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)頻繁、人心惶惶之際，為了樹(shù)立威信，推進(jìn)改革，商鞅下令在都城南門外立一根三丈長(zhǎng)的木頭，并當(dāng)眾許下諾言：誰(shuí)能把這根木頭搬到北門，賞金十兩。圍觀的人不相信如此輕而易舉的事情能得到如此高的賞賜，結(jié)果沒(méi)人肯出手一試。于是，商鞅將賞金提高到五十兩。重賞之下必有勇夫，終于有人站出來(lái)將木頭扛到了北門。商鞅立即賞了他五十兩。商鞅這一舉動(dòng)，在百姓心中樹(shù)立起了威信，而接下來(lái)的商鞅變法很快在秦國(guó)推廣開(kāi)了。在此后的幾年中，秦國(guó)在商鞅變法中日漸強(qiáng)大。公元前221年，秦國(guó)終于統(tǒng)一了中國(guó)，建立了秦朝。

而同樣在商鞅“立木為信”的地方，在早它400年以前，卻發(fā)生過(guò)一場(chǎng)“烽火戲諸侯”的鬧劇。周幽王有個(gè)寵妃叫褒姒，為博取她的一笑，幽王下令在都城附近20多座烽火臺(tái)上點(diǎn)起烽火（烽火是邊關(guān)報(bào)警的信號(hào)，只有在外敵入侵需召諸侯來(lái)救援的時(shí)候才能點(diǎn)燃），結(jié)果諸侯們見(jiàn)到烽火，率領(lǐng)將士們匆匆趕到，褒姒看到平日威儀赫赫的諸侯們手足無(wú)措的樣子，終于開(kāi)心一笑。諸侯們弄明白這是君王為博美人一笑的花招后，憤然離去。五年后，犬戎大舉攻周，幽王烽火再燃而諸侯未到——誰(shuí)也不愿再上第二次當(dāng)了。結(jié)果幽王被殺而身死國(guó)亡，褒姒也被俘虜。

資料2

儒家把“信”作為仁、義、禮、智、信“五?！敝唬匚皇种匾??！墩撜Z(yǔ)》中多處講到這一思想，如《論語(yǔ)·學(xué)而》曰：“與朋友交，言而有信。”“吾日三省吾身——為人謀而不忠乎？與朋友交而不信乎？傳不習(xí)乎？”《論語(yǔ)·為政》曰：“人而無(wú)信，不知其可也。”

曾子，春秋時(shí)期魯國(guó)人，是孔子的弟子。“曾子殺豬教子”的故事廣為相傳，有一天，曾子的妻子要去趕集，兒子哭鬧著要跟去。曾妻戲哄兒子說(shuō)：“你別哭，你在家里等著，媽媽回來(lái)殺豬燒肉給你吃?！眱鹤勇?tīng)說(shuō)有肉吃，就不隨母親去，曾子的妻子趕集回來(lái)，見(jiàn)曾子拿著繩子在捆豬，準(zhǔn)備殺豬，她趕緊制止曾子說(shuō)：“我剛才同孩子說(shuō)著玩的，并不是真的要?dú)⒇i，你怎么當(dāng)真了？”曾子嚴(yán)肅地對(duì)妻子說(shuō)：“你要知道孩子是欺騙不得的。孩子小，什么都不懂，今天你要是欺騙孩子，就等于教他說(shuō)假話和欺騙別人，長(zhǎng)大后他會(huì)成為怎樣的人？以后你再講什么話，孩子就會(huì)覺(jué)得母親的話不可靠，就不會(huì)再相信你了。”曾

妻聽(tīng)了丈夫的一席話，后悔自己不該和孩子開(kāi)這樣的玩笑，于是協(xié)助曾子殺豬，為孩子燒了一鍋香噴噴的豬肉，父母的言行直接感染了孩子。一天晚上，曾子的兒子剛睡下又突然起來(lái)，從枕頭下拿起一把書(shū)筒向外跑。曾子問(wèn)他去干什么，孩子說(shuō)，這是我從朋友那里借來(lái)的書(shū)筒，說(shuō)好是今天還的，再晚也得還人家。

資料3

公元1069年，北宋全面展開(kāi)了以王安石主導(dǎo)的變法。其中一項(xiàng)“青苗法”，旨在打擊高利貸資本，阻止土地兼并。北宋時(shí)一到春天，秋糧已經(jīng)吃完，夏糧尚未收割，地里只有春苗，農(nóng)民往往向富戶借高利貸，等青苗成熟收割后再還本付息，假如自然災(zāi)害發(fā)生，收成不好，農(nóng)民只能拿土地還債，宋朝嚴(yán)重的土地兼并多由此產(chǎn)生。為幫助農(nóng)民,“青苗法”要求官吏在春天向農(nóng)民發(fā)放低息貸款，既幫助農(nóng)戶免除高利貸之苦，抑制土地兼并蔓延，同時(shí)也為國(guó)家增加財(cái)政收入，一舉兩得。“青苗法”剛開(kāi)始執(zhí)行時(shí)，為鼓勵(lì)“青苗法”推廣，各級(jí)官吏層層設(shè)定貸款額度目標(biāo)。在績(jī)效考核的壓力下，少數(shù)官吏為了多發(fā)放貸款給農(nóng)民，以顯示“政績(jī)”獲得績(jī)效獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，不管農(nóng)民是否有需求，背著中央強(qiáng)迫農(nóng)戶一律接受官府貸款。而中央政府又無(wú)法掌握地方官吏如何執(zhí)行“青苗法”的信息。逐漸，其他官吏擔(dān)心吃虧，越來(lái)越多的官員效仿，于是大量不需要資金的農(nóng)戶被迫向官府貸款，當(dāng)遇到自然災(zāi)害后就只能再向民間借高利貸來(lái)還官府貸款?！扒嗝绶ā钡呐e措出發(fā)點(diǎn)很好，但在實(shí)踐中忽視了對(duì)地方官吏的監(jiān)督，導(dǎo)致執(zhí)行者對(duì)上歪曲改革政策而失信于中央政府，對(duì)下強(qiáng)行向農(nóng)戶貸款坑害老百姓，最后“流民無(wú)數(shù)，天怒人怨”，改革被迫終止。

資料4

契約，英文為contract,中文又譯為合同，英國(guó)著名法學(xué)家梅英考察了契約的起源和發(fā)展，強(qiáng)調(diào)契約的出現(xiàn)是人類社會(huì)進(jìn)步的標(biāo)志。契約關(guān)系在古代就存在。在古巴比倫王國(guó)，由于商業(yè)比較發(fā)達(dá)，就產(chǎn)生了規(guī)范契約關(guān)系的法律條文。在古希臘羅馬時(shí)期，由于商品經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展帶來(lái)了商事關(guān)系、民事關(guān)系的發(fā)展，因而買賣契約、租賃契約、雇用契約、借貸契約、保管契約、合伙契約等契約關(guān)系也形成和發(fā)展起來(lái)，契約法律約束觀念基本形成。近代，隨著生產(chǎn)社會(huì)化程度的提高，資本主義生產(chǎn)關(guān)系的產(chǎn)生和統(tǒng)治地位的確立，資本主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的建立和不斷完善，真正意義上的契約制度逐步形成和完善起來(lái)。當(dāng)代發(fā)達(dá)資本主義國(guó)家的市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)都是契約經(jīng)濟(jì)，無(wú)論是商事、民事還是政事領(lǐng)域，都存在著各種各樣的契約關(guān)系。經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化趨勢(shì)的發(fā)展和世貿(mào)組織的建立使契約關(guān)系、契約思想進(jìn)一步向全球擴(kuò)展。有學(xué)者提出，制度環(huán)境是一系列用來(lái)建立生產(chǎn)、交換與分配的基本規(guī)則。在制度環(huán)境中，憲法、產(chǎn)權(quán)制度和契約是正式的制度，而價(jià)值觀念、倫理道德、文化習(xí)俗等則為非正式制度。非正式制度不僅是制度的重要構(gòu)成要素，而且同樣約束著人們行為選擇的大部分空問(wèn)。在美國(guó)，一個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)主五歲的，兒子不幸身亡．農(nóng)場(chǎng)主十分傷心，為了紀(jì)念兒子，在莊內(nèi)壘了一個(gè)小墳冢。幾年后，家道中落，他不得不轉(zhuǎn)賣莊園，但提出了唯一的要求，他兒子的墓作為土地的一部分，永遠(yuǎn)不要?dú)У?。買主答應(yīng)農(nóng)場(chǎng)主的要求，并寫入了契約。時(shí)光流逝，墓地上野草青了又黃，黃了又青，土地的主人換了一個(gè)又一個(gè)，孩子的名字已無(wú)從查考，但是，孩子的墓依然完好無(wú)損。后來(lái)，這塊風(fēng)水寶地被政府圈定為美國(guó)第18屆總統(tǒng)

格蘭特將軍的陵園。當(dāng)?shù)卣琅f遵守契約，保留了孩子的墳?zāi)?，格蘭特將軍就安葬在小孩墳?zāi)沟呐赃?。一份普通的契約能夠維持兩百多年，不能不讓人感嘆。

每個(gè)人都有買票乘車的經(jīng)歷，乘客檢票進(jìn)了車廂后，就與客運(yùn)公司建立了契約關(guān)系：司機(jī)有責(zé)任把乘客安全送達(dá)目的地。2012年5月29日，杭州長(zhǎng)運(yùn)客運(yùn)二公司司機(jī)吳斌駕駛從無(wú)錫開(kāi)往杭州的大客車，在途經(jīng)滬宜高速公路時(shí)，一塊數(shù)公斤重的鐵片擊碎正在以每小時(shí)90公里行駛的大巴車的擋風(fēng)玻璃，直接擊中他的腹部。吳斌在肝臟破裂、多根肋骨折斷的情況下完成了靠邊停車、拉手剎、打開(kāi)雙跳燈等保障安全的動(dòng)作，掙扎著站起來(lái)，疏導(dǎo)24名乘客安全離開(kāi)，并且囑咐：“別亂跑，注意安全?！弊罱K，24名乘客無(wú)一受傷。6月1日凌晨，吳斌經(jīng)搶救無(wú)效去世，年僅48歲．吳斌受傷后靠驚人的毅力完成安全停車的76秒視頻在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上熱傳，他堅(jiān)守崗位、履行職責(zé)、舍己為人的精神感動(dòng)了整個(gè)中國(guó)，被人們稱為“最美司機(jī)”?！白蠲浪緳C(jī)”用生命履行了契約：安全行車，保障乘客乘車安全。

資料5

21世紀(jì)初，美國(guó)大公司的財(cái)務(wù)丑聞?chuàng)p害了公司投資者的收益和美國(guó)雇員的養(yǎng)老金收益（因?yàn)轲B(yǎng)老金都投資了這些公司的股票）。2002年3月7日，美國(guó)總統(tǒng)發(fā)表了“增進(jìn)公司責(zé)任和保護(hù)美國(guó)股東的十點(diǎn)計(jì)劃”的報(bào)告，這是美國(guó)政府對(duì)大公司財(cái)務(wù)丑聞所做出的反應(yīng)?！笆c(diǎn)計(jì)劃”推動(dòng)了美國(guó)公司治理結(jié)構(gòu)的新一輪改革，改革的主要內(nèi)容有：提高了信息披露的要求，加大了信息披露的深度；加大了對(duì)違規(guī)行為的制裁和處罰力度，對(duì)公司信息虛假犯罪坐牢的最長(zhǎng)時(shí)限增加了4倍，由原來(lái)最長(zhǎng)的5年增加到25年；除了監(jiān)禁時(shí)間增長(zhǎng)，還有經(jīng)濟(jì)制裁和非經(jīng)濟(jì)制裁；提高了上市公司財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)告的精確性和即時(shí)性；對(duì)違反財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表披露要求的行為，對(duì)個(gè)人的罰款由原來(lái)的5000美元提高到10萬(wàn)美元，并且對(duì)判處監(jiān)禁的期限由原來(lái)的1年延長(zhǎng)到10年，對(duì)團(tuán)體的處罰由原來(lái)的10萬(wàn)美元增加到50萬(wàn)美元。改革的主要內(nèi)容還有：設(shè)立了上市公司會(huì)計(jì)監(jiān)督委員會(huì)；提高了對(duì)外部審計(jì)者的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和要求；公司選擇外部審計(jì)，必須由獨(dú)立董事提出；負(fù)責(zé)審計(jì)的會(huì)計(jì)公司必須定期對(duì)每個(gè)客戶安排一個(gè)新的審計(jì)員；注冊(cè)的上市會(huì)計(jì)公司除審計(jì)服務(wù)外，不得再向客戶提供其他咨詢服務(wù)，等等。當(dāng)前中國(guó)，食品安全問(wèn)題層出不窮。比如，食用農(nóng)產(chǎn)品多為一家一戶分散經(jīng)營(yíng)，質(zhì)量安全難以保證；小餐飲店、小作坊多，食品產(chǎn)業(yè)安全基礎(chǔ)薄弱．越到基層，監(jiān)管力量越薄弱，缺資金缺人員，而且食品安全檢測(cè)覆蓋面不夠，拿一個(gè)縣來(lái)說(shuō)，一次蔬菜檢測(cè)只有幾百個(gè)批次，實(shí)際上進(jìn)人市場(chǎng)的卻成千上萬(wàn)。面對(duì)食品安全的嚴(yán)峻形勢(shì)，2011年、2012年連續(xù)兩年，在浙江省十一屆人大會(huì)議上，有兩條與食品安全有關(guān)的建議均被列為重點(diǎn)建議。建議受到省人大常委會(huì)和省政府的高度重視：浙江省人大開(kāi)展了省市縣“三級(jí)聯(lián)動(dòng)”的食品安全執(zhí)法檢查，針對(duì)食品安全執(zhí)法檢查中發(fā)現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題，各地“邊檢查，邊整改”，引發(fā)了全省范圍的食品安全大整治。比如，調(diào)整食品安全監(jiān)管體制，浙江省明確要建立上下對(duì)口、權(quán)責(zé)明晰的食品安全綜合監(jiān)管體制。浙江省去年有了一個(gè)很了不起的突破——建起一個(gè)覆蓋全省的責(zé)任網(wǎng)，全省劃出114530個(gè)食品安全責(zé)任網(wǎng)絡(luò)，每格150——200個(gè)生產(chǎn)戶，責(zé)任網(wǎng)建成率100%。另外，對(duì)食品危害事件，浙江省還發(fā)動(dòng)群眾，建立全省統(tǒng)一的96317食品安全投訴熱線，24小時(shí)不間斷受理安全咨詢投訴和舉報(bào)，省市縣三級(jí)還設(shè)立了舉報(bào)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)專項(xiàng)資金。2013年，浙江省政府已將食品安全整治工作列為2013年為民辦實(shí)事項(xiàng)目，具體地說(shuō)，將理順食品安全監(jiān)管體制；增加監(jiān)管能力，在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理、電子監(jiān)管等方面要有突破；推進(jìn)千萬(wàn)學(xué)生飲食放心工程；深化風(fēng)險(xiǎn)隱患排查，圍繞水果蔬菜保鮮劑、水產(chǎn)品中添加孔雀石綠、用工業(yè)明膠加工食品等13個(gè)突出問(wèn)題集中整治。另外，對(duì)

火腿、黃酒、茶葉、蜂蜜、食用植物油等5類浙江傳統(tǒng)特色食品，將建立食品質(zhì)量安全溯源體系。

資料6

“北有同仁堂，南有慶余堂”，在杭州秀麗的吳山北麓，坐落著氣宇軒宏、金碧輝煌的古建筑群，這是晚清紅頂商人胡雪巖一手創(chuàng)辦的胡慶余堂。是什么讓胡慶余堂歷經(jīng)三個(gè)世紀(jì)成就百年老店？是“戒欺”、“真不二價(jià)”等經(jīng)商理念在撐門立戶。胡慶余堂的門樓上至今還懸掛著創(chuàng)始人胡雪巖親筆所題的“戒欺”匾額，國(guó)藥號(hào)大廳至今還懸掛著“真不二價(jià)”的橫匾。在胡慶余堂的天井里有只大銅鼎，當(dāng)時(shí)設(shè)立大銅鼎的用途是，如果有顧客因其一味藥質(zhì)量不好，要求退換，循店規(guī)驗(yàn)證屬實(shí)，當(dāng)班伙計(jì)就會(huì)把整包藥扔入鼎內(nèi)毀棄。一直以來(lái)，那只大銅鼎是胡慶余堂人心中質(zhì)量至上的一根鞭子，一桿秤，1947年，李嘉誠(chéng)在一家五金廠做推銷員，因?yàn)樗趧?、?chuàng)新和業(yè)績(jī)突出，很快就當(dāng)上了部門經(jīng)理，兩年后成為總經(jīng)理。1950年，22歲的李嘉誠(chéng)用省吃儉用積下的7000美金創(chuàng)立了長(zhǎng)江塑膠廠。塑膠廠蒸蒸日上，生產(chǎn)迅猛發(fā)展，這刺激了李嘉誠(chéng)年輕氣盛、急于求成的弱點(diǎn)，造成他一味追求產(chǎn)量，而忽略了企業(yè)信譽(yù)的關(guān)鍵----品質(zhì)。因此，創(chuàng)業(yè)不久，長(zhǎng)江塑膠廠遭到重大挫折，客戶要求退貨，銀行催討貸款。李嘉誠(chéng)深為自己的盲目冒進(jìn)痛心疾首，痛定思痛，他決定坦誠(chéng)面對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)，力挽狂瀾。李嘉誠(chéng)的第一招是“負(fù)荊拜訪”員工、銀行、原料商、客戶，向他們認(rèn)錯(cuò)道歉，請(qǐng)求原諒，并保證在放寬的期限內(nèi)，一定償還欠款，第二招是立即將庫(kù)滿為患的積壓產(chǎn)品分門別類，選好汰劣，然后集中力量推銷，使資金得以較快回籠，分頭償還了一部分債務(wù)，解決燃眉之急。第三招是利用緩沖的喘息機(jī)會(huì)，對(duì)工人進(jìn)行技術(shù)培訓(xùn)，同時(shí)籌款添置先進(jìn)的新設(shè)備，以保證產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量和產(chǎn)量。到1955年，長(zhǎng)江塑膠廠出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)。正是這次反向的動(dòng)力，使李嘉誠(chéng)由一個(gè)余勇可賈、穩(wěn)重不足的小業(yè)主，迅速蛻變?yōu)橐粋€(gè)成熟的商人，形成了李嘉誠(chéng)的生意經(jīng)；做生意要以誠(chéng)待人，不能投機(jī)取巧。一生之中，最重要的是守信。

資料7

劉洪安，今年32歲，身高1.8米，由于患有風(fēng)濕病，背有些駝。從2009年開(kāi)始，每天早上，劉洪安都準(zhǔn)時(shí)出現(xiàn)在保定市高開(kāi)區(qū)銀杏路，在他的早點(diǎn)攤前炸油條、賣豆腐腦。2012年春節(jié)過(guò)后，劉洪安在油條攤上貼了標(biāo)語(yǔ)：“己所不欲，勿施于人”，炸油條的時(shí)候，他每天堅(jiān)持用新油，不用復(fù)炸油，為此每天要倒掉十幾元錢的剩油。為了讓顧客監(jiān)督，他還掛出“安全用油，杜絕復(fù)炸”的標(biāo)語(yǔ)，并貼出驗(yàn)證方法，提供“驗(yàn)油勺”，誰(shuí)有疑問(wèn)，可隨時(shí)驗(yàn)證。這件事在網(wǎng)上迅速引發(fā)圍觀，網(wǎng)友對(duì)劉洪安的做法大加贊賞，親切地稱其為“油條哥”，劉洪安成了新聞媒體報(bào)道的熱點(diǎn)，還上了央視，一時(shí)成了社會(huì)名人。2012年6月，在北京舉行的食品安全論壇上，劉洪安的發(fā)言受到熱捧，他說(shuō)：“我沒(méi)那么高尚，無(wú)非就是三點(diǎn)：從正規(guī)油料、原材料公司購(gòu)買原料；保證每天都用新油炸油條；廢油倒進(jìn)專業(yè)回收桶里。我做的只是一件普通正常的小事，那就是用良心經(jīng)營(yíng)?！弊畛?，劉洪安也擔(dān)心“用好油會(huì)增加成本”，但現(xiàn)在，他的小攤最多時(shí)三、四十個(gè)人同時(shí)排隊(duì)，盈利也比原來(lái)多了1/4，他的油條被譽(yù)為“良心油條”，一位老人說(shuō)：“騎半個(gè)小時(shí)自行車來(lái)買‘良心油條’，不僅是為了品嘗油條，更是為了支持‘良心’”。

某大學(xué)2010級(jí)會(huì)計(jì)班31名同學(xué)和2011級(jí)ACCA班（全球國(guó)際會(huì)計(jì)師項(xiàng)目班）的101名同學(xué)走進(jìn)考場(chǎng)參加會(huì)計(jì)英語(yǔ)考試，考場(chǎng)門口，一張紅色的會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)院關(guān)于“會(huì)計(jì)不做假賬，從考試不作弊開(kāi)始”的倡議書(shū)貼在醒目的位置。和其它考場(chǎng)不同的是，他們的考場(chǎng)沒(méi)有監(jiān)考老師，但如果發(fā)現(xiàn)任何一名學(xué)生作弊，整個(gè)考場(chǎng)的學(xué)生都將被取消成績(jī)，所以他們參加的不單是英語(yǔ)的考試，更是誠(chéng)信的考試。考試開(kāi)始后，考場(chǎng)靜悄悄，為了保證考試的公開(kāi)性，不管是老師、學(xué)生還是經(jīng)過(guò)的路人，都可以對(duì)考場(chǎng)進(jìn)行巡考，從教室后窗往里看，考生們都在埋頭答題，沒(méi)有交頭接耳和偷看抄書(shū)的動(dòng)作?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，有同學(xué)說(shuō)，氛圍很輕松像在做作業(yè)，從小到大還是第一次參加這樣的考試；還有同學(xué)說(shuō)，老師信任我們，我們也不能辜負(fù)他們，正式有了老師們的信任，才更要杜絕作弊，用自己的能力完成考試。學(xué)員的老師說(shuō)，學(xué)風(fēng)建設(shè)是目前高校建設(shè)的重中之重，而會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)員圍繞學(xué)風(fēng)建設(shè)，結(jié)合會(huì)計(jì)專業(yè)的特點(diǎn)，重視對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行職業(yè)道德教育和從業(yè)操守培養(yǎng)，大力倡導(dǎo)在考試中實(shí)行免監(jiān)考”，推行“誠(chéng)信為本，操守為重，堅(jiān)持準(zhǔn)則，不做假賬”的會(huì)計(jì)職業(yè)道德。學(xué)院老師還介紹，會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)院自2000年開(kāi)始進(jìn)行“免監(jiān)考”試點(diǎn)，到2011年為止，共有35個(gè)班級(jí)的1500余人主動(dòng)申請(qǐng)參加“免監(jiān)考”，至今沒(méi)有一人作弊，以實(shí)際行動(dòng)兌現(xiàn)“誠(chéng)信比成績(jī)重要，做人比做賬重要”的承諾。

資料8

個(gè)人信用、社會(huì)信用已成為市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的基礎(chǔ)。西方的個(gè)人信用制度至今已有150多年的歷史，個(gè)人信用體系發(fā)展得十分完善。個(gè)人信用狀況主要是通過(guò)一系列有效的數(shù)據(jù)、證據(jù)和事實(shí)來(lái)說(shuō)明的，個(gè)人可以通過(guò)信用方式獲得支付能力而進(jìn)行消費(fèi)、投資和經(jīng)營(yíng)。在美國(guó)，公民都有屬于自己的社會(huì)保障號(hào)，在歐洲國(guó)家，公民則有社會(huì)信用號(hào)，每個(gè)公民的個(gè)人信用狀況都可以通過(guò)資信機(jī)構(gòu)做出的信用報(bào)告而得到評(píng)估。這種報(bào)告為金融機(jī)構(gòu)和國(guó)家管理部門的資金借貸和管理提供了可靠的個(gè)人信用依據(jù)，同時(shí)也將終生地制約一個(gè)人的行為。在德國(guó)，如乘車逃票被查到，就會(huì)被寫入個(gè)人信用記錄，成為終生的污點(diǎn)，有過(guò)失約記載的人在社會(huì)生活中將會(huì)遭到很大程度的限制。

小吳在北京上大學(xué)時(shí)在某銀行辦理了一張信用卡，畢業(yè)找工作時(shí)透支了2000多元錢。2008年回家鄉(xiāng)后，由于聯(lián)系方式全部變更，他沒(méi)有接收到還款提示，就將還款的事拋諸腦后。2010年，他買房時(shí)準(zhǔn)備向另一家銀行貸款，銀行卻告知他有不良信用記錄，無(wú)法辦理貸款。無(wú)奈之下，他只能以父親的名義買房，為此不但多掏了幾千元的契稅，每次需要辦理其他業(yè)務(wù)時(shí)，總是要拿父親的身份證去辦，非常不便。他想重新申請(qǐng)信用卡，都因有不良信用記錄被銀行拒絕。近幾年，我國(guó)的社會(huì)信用體系建設(shè)受到各界的廣泛關(guān)注，加快社會(huì)信用體系建設(shè)已經(jīng)成為社會(huì)各界的共識(shí)。

【A卷】作答要求：

第一題：請(qǐng)用一個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞概括“給定資料”的主旨，并簡(jiǎn)要?dú)w納“給定資料”是從哪幾個(gè)層面來(lái)介紹這一主旨的？（25分）

要求：全面、準(zhǔn)確、簡(jiǎn)潔；層次清楚；字?jǐn)?shù)不超過(guò)450字。

第二題：“資料4”中有句話：“非正式制度不僅是制度的重要構(gòu)成要素，而且同樣約束著人們行為選擇的大部分空間?！闭?qǐng)結(jié)合“資料1、2、6和7”，談?wù)勀銓?duì)這句話的理解。（25分）

要求：理解準(zhǔn)確，有深度；條理清楚；字?jǐn)?shù)不超過(guò)500字。

第三題：圍繞“給定資料”的主旨，聯(lián)系實(shí)際，自選角度，自擬題目，寫一篇議論文。（50分）

要求：1.觀點(diǎn)明確，內(nèi)容充實(shí)；

2.結(jié)構(gòu)完整，論述深刻；

3.條理清晰，語(yǔ)言流暢；

4.字?jǐn)?shù)在1000-1200字。

再次提醒：所有題目必須在答題卡指定位置作答，不在指定位置作答的一律無(wú)效！

【B卷】作答要求：

第一題：請(qǐng)用一個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞概括“給定資料”的主旨，并簡(jiǎn)要?dú)w納“給定資料”是從哪幾個(gè)層面來(lái)介紹這一主旨的？（25分）

第二題：結(jié)合“給定資料”，聯(lián)合實(shí)際，請(qǐng)你對(duì)當(dāng)前如何建設(shè)誠(chéng)信政府提出建議。（25分）

要求：觀點(diǎn)正確；有針對(duì)性；條理清楚；字?jǐn)?shù)不超過(guò)500字。

第三題：根據(jù)“資料2”和“資料7”，從基層公務(wù)員的角度出發(fā)，自擬題目，寫一篇議論文。（50分）

要求：1.觀點(diǎn)明確，內(nèi)容充實(shí)。

2.觀點(diǎn)完整，論述深刻；

3.條理清晰，語(yǔ)言流暢；

4.字?jǐn)?shù)在1000-1200字