第一篇:各種書(shū)信類(lèi)應(yīng)用文(十大??碱?lèi)型真題)
各種書(shū)信類(lèi)應(yīng)用文(真題): 道歉+建議信,建議信/致編輯信,感謝信,推薦信 祝賀+建議信,歡迎+建議信,備忘錄/報(bào)告,投訴信
1、十大必背范文之一:08真題:道歉+建議信,Directions:
You have just come back from Canada and found a music CD in your luggage that you forgot to return to Bob, your landlord there.Write him a letter to
1)make an apology, and
2)suggest a solution
Dear Bob,I’m writing to apologize for having forgotten to return the “the Beatles” CD to you when I left Canada.I was in such a hurry that I packed everything in my luggage without checking carefully.Had I paid more attention then, I wouldn’t have made such a stupid mistake.Now something must be done to solve the problem because I understand you cherish the
CD enormously.I can either send it to you by express mail or alternatively compensate you at a reasonable price.If you do not mind, I may bring it back to you next time I go to Canada.Please let me know which solution you prefer at your earliest convenience.I really hope you will accept my sincere apology.Faithfully yours,Li Ming
參考譯文:
親愛(ài)的鮑勃:
我寫(xiě)此信的目的是為了向你道歉。在離開(kāi)加拿大時(shí),我忘了把那盤(pán)披頭士樂(lè)隊(duì)的
CD還給你。走的時(shí)候太匆忙了,我把所有東西都塞到行李中,沒(méi)有仔細(xì)檢查。當(dāng)時(shí)要是多 加注意的話(huà),就不會(huì)犯這種低級(jí)錯(cuò)誤了。
因?yàn)槲抑滥闾貏e珍愛(ài)那盤(pán)CD,所以一定要想辦法解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。我可以寄快遞
包裹給你,也可以按合理的價(jià)格賠償你的損失。如果你不介意的話(huà),我也可以在下次去加拿 大的時(shí)候把它給你帶回去。
請(qǐng)?jiān)诜奖愕臅r(shí)候盡快讓我知道你傾向哪一種解決方案。希望你能接受我真誠(chéng)的道 歉。
您真誠(chéng)的,李明
2、十大必背范文之二:
2009真題:建議信/致編輯信(=短議論文)
Directions:
Restrictions on the use of plastic bags have not been so successful in some regions.“White Pollution” is still going on.Write a letter to the editor(s)of your local newspaper to
1)give your opinions briefly, and
2)make two or three suggestions.Dear Editors,I have been reading your newspaper for many years with a great enthusiasm and interest.It is my view that limiting the use of disposable plastic bags is of utmost significance.To crack this hard nut, I would like to propose several practical recommendations as follows.First and foremost, it is imperative for us to ban the free use of disposable plastic bags.In
addition, we should develop possible alternative forms to replace them, such as paper or clothing bags.Last but not least, plastic bags should be offered in a much higher price in department stores or supermarkets.I hope you will find the above proposals conducive and I would like to discuss this matter to further details.Your prompt attention to my suggestions would be highly appreciated.Yours sincerely,Li Ming
參考譯文
尊敬的編輯:
多年來(lái)我一直懷著極大的熱情與興趣閱讀貴報(bào)。我認(rèn)為限制使用一次性塑料袋非常重要。
為解決這個(gè)難題,我想提出如下幾個(gè)實(shí)用的建議。首先,我們急需禁止免費(fèi)使用一次性 塑料袋。其次,我們應(yīng)該開(kāi)發(fā)塑料袋的替代品,如紙袋或布袋。最后,商場(chǎng)或超市應(yīng)以更高 的價(jià)格提供塑料袋。
我希望您覺(jué)得上述建議有益,同時(shí)希望進(jìn)一步討論這一問(wèn)題。十分感謝您對(duì)我的建議給 予及時(shí)的關(guān)注。
您真誠(chéng)的 李明
3、十大必背范文之三:2010英語(yǔ)
(二)真題:感謝信
Directions:
You have just come back from the U.S as a member of Sino-American cultural exchange program.Write a letter to your American colleague to
1)express your thanks to his/her warm reception,2)welcome him/her to visit China in due course.Dear Bob,I have just arrived at my home from the airport.As I sit behind the desk, I just want to write a letter to you.I am grateful for your warm reception in this cultural exchange program.You and your family gave me a deep impression.The program is one of the most wonderful memories in my life.In once talk you said you want to travel in China.Well, you will be welcomed and it will be my pleasure to be your guide.By the way, send me a list and write down the places where you would like to visit.Please give my best regards to your family.(110 words)
Sincerely yours,Zhang Wei 參考譯文:
親愛(ài)的鮑勃:
我剛從機(jī)場(chǎng)回到家里。我在書(shū)桌前坐下就想給你寫(xiě)這封信。在這次文化交流項(xiàng)目中,非 常感謝你的熱情接待。你和你的家人給我留下了深刻的印象。這個(gè)項(xiàng)目是我一生中最美好的 回憶之一。
你曾經(jīng)說(shuō)過(guò)你想來(lái)中國(guó)旅行。那么,非常歡迎,而且我很榮幸做你的導(dǎo)游。順便說(shuō)一句,給我寄一張清單,寫(xiě)下你想去的地方。
請(qǐng)向你的家人致以誠(chéng)摯的祝福。
你真誠(chéng)的,張偉
4、十大必背范文之四:2011真題:推薦信
Directions:
Write a letter to a friend of yours to
1)recommend one of your favorite movies and
2)give reasons for your recommendation.Dear Neo,I’m so glad to hear from you.How have you been theses days?
In your last letter, you talked about movies you love.I agreed with you that Matrix is a
great movie.Guess what? If you lose some weight, you’ll be as cool as “Neo” in the film!
Anyway, here is one of my favorite movies that I would like to recommend to you.The title of the movie is The Legend of 1900 and there’re some reasons for my recommendation.Firstly, the director is very famous and respected all over the world.Its story is very moving and its hero is a very talented pianist named “1900”.More importantly, the sound track of the movie is extraordinarily beautiful.I know you like music and you are learning to play piano.I hope you’ll enjoy the movie and learn something about playing piano.I am looking forward to your reply.Take care!
Yours, Li Ming
利奧:
很高興收到你的來(lái)信。近來(lái)過(guò)得怎么樣?
在上封信里,你提到了喜愛(ài)的電影。我也認(rèn)為《黑客帝國(guó)》是一部偉大的電影。你猜怎 么著?如果減點(diǎn)肥的話(huà),你會(huì)像電影里的“利奧”一樣酷。
無(wú)論如何,我想給向推薦我最喜愛(ài)的一部電影。電影的名字是《海上鋼琴師》,推薦原 因如下。首先,這位導(dǎo)演全球聞名,并且受人敬重。它的故事非常感人,主人公是名叫“1900” 的一位天才鋼琴師。此外,電影的音效尤其優(yōu)美。我知道你喜歡音樂(lè),而且你正在學(xué)習(xí)彈鋼 琴。希望你喜歡這部電影,并且從中學(xué)習(xí)一些鋼琴技巧。期待著你的回信。保重!
李明
5、十大必背范文之五:
2011英語(yǔ)
(二)真題:祝賀+建議信
Directions:
Suppose your cousin Li Ming has just been admitted to a university.Write him/her a letter to:
1)congratulate him/her, and
2)give him/her suggestions on how to get prepared for university life.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter.Use “Zhang Wei” instead.Dear Li Ming,I’m so glad to hear that you have received the offer from Beijing University.Congratulations!There’s nothing surprising——I remember seeing how hard you have been working since
childhood.Now you have the opportunity to learn physics, which you have a huge interest in, in one of the best universities in China.I feel extremely happy for you.Well, I want to share some reminders for university life with you.First of all, don’t forget your study.Second, take some time to know yourself well and make your own decisions.Third, enjoy your life as long as it’s under your control.I hope you will have a wonderful time!
Yours,Zhang Wei
參考譯文:
李明:
很高興得知你收到了來(lái)自北京大學(xué)的錄取通知。祝賀你!沒(méi)什么好奇怪的——我現(xiàn)在還 記得你童年以來(lái)一直在多么努力地學(xué)習(xí)。現(xiàn)在你終于有機(jī)會(huì)在中國(guó)最好的大學(xué)之一學(xué)習(xí)物理 學(xué),你有強(qiáng)烈興趣的專(zhuān)業(yè)。我格外為你高興。
下面,我想和你分享一些大學(xué)生活的建議。首先,別忘了學(xué)習(xí)。其次,花點(diǎn)時(shí)間好好了 解自己,自己做出決定。第三,只要你能掌控,盡可能享受生活。希望你過(guò)得開(kāi)心。
張偉
6、十大必背范文之六:
2012真題:歡迎+建議信
Directions:
Some international students are coming to your university.Write them an email in the name of the Students' Union to
1)extend your welcome and
2)provide some suggestions for their campus life here.Dear Friends,On behalf of the Students’ Union of Beijing Foreign Studies University, I would like to extend our heartfelt welcome to all of the overseas students from all over the world to study in our university.It is my great pleasure to offer you several practical suggestions.In the first place, life in this prestigious university perhaps is not as easy as you have expected.You may be tightly bound by continual classes, abundant homework and exams.Then, be prepared for the hectic life here.In the second place, in spite of all those burdens, various extracurricular activities such as sports meets, speech contests, social gatherings still will provide ample opportunity to make friends.So, enjoy your life in this esteemed institute!
All in all, although there is a lot of pressure, the time you spend on our campus will be worthwhile in your whole life.Hope you like it here!
Yours sincerely,Li Ming
親愛(ài)的朋友們:
我謹(jǐn)代表北京外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)學(xué)生會(huì),向來(lái)我校學(xué)習(xí)的留學(xué)生表達(dá)衷心的歡迎。
我很榮幸地向你們提出一些實(shí)用的建議。首先,這所著名學(xué)府的生活也許不像
你們所設(shè)想的那么輕松。你們可能會(huì)陷入面臨繁重的課程、大量的作業(yè)和考試。因此,做好 準(zhǔn)備迎接這里的繁忙生活吧。其次,盡管有以上負(fù)擔(dān),運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)、演講比賽、聯(lián)誼會(huì)等各種各 樣的課外活動(dòng)仍會(huì)提供大量結(jié)交朋友的機(jī)會(huì)。所以,盡情享受這所著名大學(xué)里的生活吧!
總之,盡管有很多壓力,但你們?cè)谖覀冃@里度過(guò)的時(shí)光仍將是你一生中一段 有意義的歲月。希望你們喜歡這里!
您真誠(chéng)的,李明
7、十大必背范文之七:
2012英語(yǔ)
(二)真題:投訴信
Directions:
Suppose you have found something wrong with the electronic dictionary that
you bought from an online store the other day.Write an email to the customer service center to
1)make a complaint, and
2)demand a prompt solution.Dear Sir or Madam,I bought an electronic dictionary from your online store on January 1st, but I found it has some problems after using it for a short period of time.To begin with, the battery needs recharging after a mere 2 hours of use.This means
that I need to carry my charger with me when I go out for a day.In addition, the buttons on the electronic dictionary are so small that it is nearly impossible to type anything with them.Personally, I find this to be completely unacceptable.Therefore, I would like to either change the electronic dictionary for another model that works well or a full refund.Your help is greatly appreciated.Yours sincerely,Zhang Wei
參考譯文
尊敬的先生或女士:
1月1日我在貴網(wǎng)店購(gòu)買(mǎi)了一部電子詞典,但在使用了一段時(shí)間之后,我發(fā)現(xiàn)它 有一些問(wèn)題。
首先,在僅僅使用兩小時(shí)之后,電池就需要充電。這就意味著當(dāng)我出門(mén)一天時(shí),就需要隨身攜帶充電器。此外,這部電子詞典的按鍵如此之小,以至于幾乎無(wú)法通過(guò)鍵盤(pán)輸 入任何東西。對(duì)我個(gè)人而言,我認(rèn)為這一點(diǎn)完全不能接受。
因此,我希望要么為我換一個(gè)能運(yùn)行正常的型號(hào),要么全額退款。非常感謝您的 幫助。
您真誠(chéng)的,張偉
8、十大必背范文之八:備忘錄/報(bào)告:
Directions:
The environmental protection club is going to organize some activities with the
theme of “Creating Green Culture and Building Low-Carbon Campus”.As the club leader, you will
write a memo to the members to explain the importance and arrangements of those activities.Do not sign your own name.Use “Li Ming” instead.To: All club members
From: Li Ming
Date: January 19, 2013
Subject: Creating Green Culture and Building Low-Carbon Campus We are going to launch a series of activities to promote low-carbon lifestyle, or
more specifically to advocate energy efficiency, waste minimization and recycling.This green lifestyle is a potential recipe for a healthier and more habitable environment and highly recommendable to every person.To attract more schoolmates to accept this low-carbon lifestyle, we will hold lectures
to introduce the new life concept, make broadcast programs to record low-carbon experience around us and host an exhibition of fruits of recycling to encourage students to make the best use of old stuff.In addition, we will hand out leaflets to every dormitory, recommending students to switch off unused lights and other electrical equipments, recycle paper, batteries and plastic bottles, and travel by bicycle, bus or subway.All members are required to take part in those above activities.Other creative thoughts and brilliant ideas about activity plan will be encouraged.(148 words)
致:全體成員
自:李明
日期:2013年1月19日
主題:創(chuàng)建綠色文化,建設(shè)低碳校園
我們將舉辦一系列推廣低碳生活的活動(dòng),更準(zhǔn)確的說(shuō),就是推廣有效利用能源,減少浪費(fèi)和回收利用。綠色生活是實(shí)現(xiàn)更健康更宜居環(huán)境的訣竅,應(yīng)該推薦給每個(gè)人。
為了吸引更多的校友接受低碳生活,我們將舉辦講座介紹新的生活理念,制作廣 播節(jié)目記錄我們身邊的低碳經(jīng)歷并且舉辦回收成果展覽以鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生利用舊東西。另外,我們 將向各寢室發(fā)放傳單,以建議同學(xué)關(guān)掉不用的電燈、電器;回收紙、電池和塑料瓶;乘自行 車(chē)、公交、地鐵出行。
所有成員要求參加上述活動(dòng)。大家可以提出其他關(guān)于活動(dòng)計(jì)劃的創(chuàng)意和好點(diǎn)子。
第二篇:??疾【漕?lèi)型
中考語(yǔ)文常見(jiàn)病句類(lèi)型及修改
一、句子成分殘缺
缺少主語(yǔ)又分兩種情況。
1.主語(yǔ)被掩蓋,如: ⑴通過(guò)這次活動(dòng),使我們開(kāi)闊了眼界,增長(zhǎng)了見(jiàn)識(shí)。
這個(gè)句子由于在“這次活動(dòng)”前加上了“通過(guò)”一詞,和在“我們”前加上了“使”一詞,使得這個(gè)句子的主語(yǔ)被掩蓋起來(lái),致使主語(yǔ)殘缺。修改的方法是,把“通過(guò)”一詞刪去,讓“這次活動(dòng)”作句子的主語(yǔ)。或者把“使”刪去,讓“我們”作句子的主語(yǔ)。
2.誤認(rèn)主語(yǔ),造成主語(yǔ)殘缺,如: ⑵陣風(fēng)掠過(guò)稻田時(shí),恰似滾滾的黃河水,上下起伏。
這個(gè)句子誤認(rèn)“陣風(fēng)”為主語(yǔ),其實(shí)主語(yǔ)應(yīng)是“稻浪”。修改的方法是,在“恰是”前加上“稻浪”。
3.缺少賓語(yǔ)的中心語(yǔ),如: ⑶他這個(gè)人有不少值得表?yè)P(yáng)。
這個(gè)句子缺少賓語(yǔ)的中心語(yǔ),應(yīng)在句末加上“的地方”。
二、句子成分不搭配
1.主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)不搭配,如: ⑷這時(shí),全場(chǎng)所有人的眼睛都集中到大會(huì)主席臺(tái)上。
這個(gè)句子的中心語(yǔ)“眼睛”和謂語(yǔ)“集中”不搭配,應(yīng)將“眼睛”改為“目光”。
2.動(dòng)詞和它的賓語(yǔ)不搭配,如:⑸同學(xué)們以敬佩的目光注視著和傾聽(tīng)著這位英模的報(bào)告。
這個(gè)句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞“注視”和它的賓語(yǔ)“報(bào)告”不搭配,修改的方法是,在“注視
后加上“這位英?!?,將“和”去掉,在“這位英?!焙蠹佣禾?hào)。
3.主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)不搭配,如:⑹七月的內(nèi)蒙古草原,是一個(gè)美麗的季節(jié)。
這個(gè)句子的主語(yǔ)“內(nèi)蒙古草原”和賓語(yǔ)“季節(jié)”不搭配,可改為:內(nèi)蒙古草原的七月,是一個(gè)美麗的季節(jié)。
4.定語(yǔ)和它的中心語(yǔ)不搭配,如:⑺他邁著強(qiáng)壯有力的步伐正向我們走來(lái)。
這個(gè)句子的定語(yǔ)“強(qiáng)壯”與它的中心語(yǔ)“步伐”不搭配,可將“強(qiáng)壯”改為“強(qiáng)健”。
5.狀語(yǔ)和它的中心語(yǔ)不搭配,如:⑻這樸素的話(huà)語(yǔ)多么深刻地蘊(yùn)含著人生哲理啊!
這個(gè)句子的狀語(yǔ)“多么深刻”與其中心語(yǔ)“蘊(yùn)含”不搭配,應(yīng)改為:這樸素的話(huà)語(yǔ)蘊(yùn)含著多么深刻的人生哲理??!
三、詞序不當(dāng)
詞序不當(dāng)容易產(chǎn)生歧義,如:⑼記者又到學(xué)校采訪到了許多張老師的事跡。
這個(gè)句子有兩種理解:一種是把“許多”看作是“事跡”的定語(yǔ),表示有“許多事跡”;一種是把“許多”看作是“張老師”的定語(yǔ),表示有“許多張老師”。要避免這種歧義,應(yīng)把“許多”調(diào)到“張老師”的后邊。詞序不當(dāng)?shù)牧硪粋€(gè)表現(xiàn)是,多個(gè)定語(yǔ)距中心語(yǔ)的遠(yuǎn)近關(guān)系處理不當(dāng)。如:⑽我們學(xué)校有優(yōu)秀的有三十年教齡的兩位老教師。
這個(gè)句子的賓語(yǔ)中心語(yǔ)“教師”有四個(gè)定語(yǔ),按其距中心語(yǔ)的遠(yuǎn)近關(guān)系應(yīng)排列為:兩位---有三十年教齡的---優(yōu)秀的---老。因此,這句話(huà)可改為:我們學(xué)校有兩位有三十年教齡的優(yōu)秀的老教師。
四、種屬關(guān)系并列
具有種屬關(guān)系的概念不得并列,如:⑾他經(jīng)常去圖書(shū)館查閱工具書(shū)、辭典和《現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)詞典》。
這個(gè)句子中的工具書(shū)和辭典、《現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)詞典》是種屬關(guān)系,不的并列,應(yīng)改為:他經(jīng)常去圖書(shū)館查閱辭典和《現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)詞典》等工具書(shū)。
五、交叉關(guān)系并列
具有交叉關(guān)系的概念也不得并列,如:⑿這所學(xué)校里大部分是中青年教師,老教師和女教師只占少數(shù)。
這個(gè)句子中的“中青年教師”和“老教師”中包含有“女教師”,女教師中也包含有“中青年教師”和“老教師”,“中青年教師”和“女教師”及“老教師”和“女教師”均是交叉關(guān)系,不得并列。因此應(yīng)將“女教師”刪去。
六、意義關(guān)系顛倒
在一個(gè)遞進(jìn)復(fù)句中,前項(xiàng)和后項(xiàng)是遞進(jìn)關(guān)系,其意義關(guān)系不得顛倒,如:
⒀他不僅能寫(xiě)長(zhǎng)篇大論的理論文章,而且能寫(xiě)一般的應(yīng)用文。
這個(gè)復(fù)句中前項(xiàng)和后項(xiàng)關(guān)系出現(xiàn)顛倒,應(yīng)將“能寫(xiě)一般的應(yīng)用文”作復(fù)句的前項(xiàng),將“能寫(xiě)長(zhǎng)篇大論的理論文章”作為后項(xiàng)。這個(gè)復(fù)句可改為:他不僅能寫(xiě)一般的應(yīng)用文,而且能寫(xiě)長(zhǎng)篇大論的理論文章。
七、同義反復(fù)
同義反復(fù)有時(shí)候產(chǎn)生積極的修辭效果,但更多的時(shí)候是產(chǎn)生消極的效果,如:
⒁聽(tīng)說(shuō)學(xué)校要成立文學(xué)社,他首先第一個(gè)報(bào)了名。
“首先”和“第一個(gè)”是同義詞,在這句話(huà)中出現(xiàn)顯得多余,應(yīng)將其中一個(gè)刪去。
八、關(guān)聯(lián)詞語(yǔ)不搭配
關(guān)聯(lián)詞語(yǔ)不搭配,會(huì)破壞分句之間的邏輯關(guān)系,如:⒂高速度的發(fā)展我國(guó)的科技事業(yè)和文教事業(yè),既是十分必要的,而且是十分可能的。
“既……而且……”不搭配,可將“而且”改為“又”,與“既”構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系,或?qū)ⅰ凹取备臑椤安粌H”,與“而且”構(gòu)成遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。
九、濫用關(guān)聯(lián)詞語(yǔ)
復(fù)句中分句間的關(guān)系具有內(nèi)在邏輯性,不得人為地強(qiáng)加某種關(guān)系,如:⒃這本書(shū)出版好幾年了,所以作者最近作了較大的修改。
這個(gè)句子的語(yǔ)病是濫用關(guān)聯(lián)詞語(yǔ)“所以”,加強(qiáng)因果關(guān)系,應(yīng)將“所以”去掉。
十、關(guān)聯(lián)詞語(yǔ)位置不當(dāng)
復(fù)句中關(guān)聯(lián)詞語(yǔ)的位置一般具有確定性,不得隨意調(diào)動(dòng),如:⒄不僅中草藥能與一般抗菌素媲美,而且副作用小,成本也較低。
“不僅”只有放在“中草藥”后才能與“而且”構(gòu)成遞進(jìn)關(guān)系,因此,應(yīng)將“不僅”調(diào)到“中草藥”后。
十一、前后項(xiàng)不對(duì)應(yīng)
如果一個(gè)句子的前項(xiàng)出現(xiàn)了兩種情況,那么后項(xiàng)就應(yīng)該有另外兩種情況與之對(duì)應(yīng),否則,就會(huì)造成前后項(xiàng)不對(duì)應(yīng),如:⒅有沒(méi)有健康的身體,是能做好工作的前提。
這個(gè)句子的前項(xiàng)出現(xiàn)了兩種情況:有健康的身體和沒(méi)有健康的身體,而后項(xiàng)只有一種情況“能做好工作”,這種情況與前項(xiàng)中的“有健康的身體”對(duì)應(yīng),而缺少和“沒(méi)有健康的身體”相對(duì)應(yīng)的另一種情況,因此,這個(gè)句子應(yīng)在“能”字后加一個(gè)“否”字,這樣前后項(xiàng)就對(duì)應(yīng)了。
十二、否定不當(dāng)
不適當(dāng)?shù)姆穸〞?huì)改變句子的原意,如:⒆為了避免今后不再發(fā)生類(lèi)似事故,我們必須盡快健全安全制度。
這個(gè)句子的原意是要避免類(lèi)似事故再次發(fā)生,加否定詞“不”后,就改變了整個(gè)句子的原意,因此,應(yīng)將否定詞“不”去掉。
十三、感情色彩錯(cuò)誤 褒義貶義誤用 如 處心積慮(貶義)用心良苦(褒義)
指出下面句子的語(yǔ)病,并進(jìn)行修改。
⑴李明的這篇作文,結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn),語(yǔ)言流暢,在全國(guó)作文比賽中把它評(píng)為一等獎(jiǎng)。
⑵對(duì)于大學(xué)畢業(yè)生就業(yè)難的問(wèn)題,引起了全社會(huì)的極大關(guān)注
⑶為了您的人身安全,請(qǐng)勿用左手啟動(dòng)家電,以防萬(wàn)無(wú)一失。
⑷中國(guó)人民是贊同成立聯(lián)合國(guó)的首批國(guó)家之一。
第三篇:公務(wù)員??紤?yīng)用文
法定通用公文:命令(令);決定;公告;通告;通知;通報(bào);議案;報(bào)告;請(qǐng)示;批復(fù);意見(jiàn);函;會(huì)議紀(jì)要。
事務(wù)文書(shū)類(lèi)公文:計(jì)劃;總結(jié);情況綜合;調(diào)查報(bào)告;研究報(bào)告;述職報(bào)告;提案;講話(huà)稿;演講詞;解說(shuō)詞;布告;制度;章程;規(guī)劃;辦法;細(xì)則;公約;守則;大事記;會(huì)議記錄;編者按
吃透精神:會(huì)議紀(jì)要、會(huì)議記錄、調(diào)查研究:情況匯總、調(diào)查報(bào)告、研究報(bào)告、制定計(jì)劃:提案、規(guī)劃、計(jì)劃、議案;報(bào)告、請(qǐng)示、宣傳動(dòng)員:講話(huà)稿、演講稿;布告;制度、章程、公告、通報(bào)、多措并舉:辦法、通知、意見(jiàn)、總結(jié)匯報(bào):總結(jié)、大事記
第四篇:英語(yǔ)作文應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作技巧書(shū)信類(lèi)
類(lèi)型:
書(shū)信、通知、日記、海報(bào)、便條、啟事、歡迎詞、歡送詞、告別詞、廣告
書(shū)信類(lèi)型: 事務(wù)書(shū)信和私人信件(求職信、投訴信、慰問(wèn)信、建議信、說(shuō)明信、感謝信?)
重點(diǎn)考查的幾類(lèi)書(shū)信:
建議信、求職信/申請(qǐng)信、抱怨信/投訴信 幾種書(shū)信常用的表達(dá)式
①建議信
You have asked me for my advice with regard to? and I will try to make some suggestions.I would like to suggest that?
It is important to?
It helps to ?
It should be a good idea to?
I think it would be a good idea/ more beneficial if you could?
Why not??/ Why don’t you??
I hope you will find these suggestions helpful.最關(guān)鍵的部分就是用不同的句型提出建議,并輔以適當(dāng)?shù)穆?lián)系詞來(lái)連接這些建議。此外,不要忘了在建議的后面附上自己建議的理由用以充實(shí)自己的文章。例文1
假定你是李華,你的英國(guó)朋友Peter來(lái)信向你咨詢(xún)?nèi)绾尾拍軐W(xué)好中文。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)要點(diǎn)寫(xiě)封回信。
要點(diǎn):1.參加中文學(xué)習(xí)班
2.看中文書(shū)刊、電視
3.學(xué)唱中文歌曲
4.交中國(guó)朋友
注意:1.詞數(shù)100左右
2.可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)
3.開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)已為你寫(xiě)好
June 8, 2008
Dear Peter,I’m glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to learn Chinese well.____ _______________________________
Best wishes,Li Hua
【寫(xiě)作指導(dǎo)】
信件類(lèi)型:建議信
內(nèi)容: 寫(xiě)信人就某事或某問(wèn)題提出建議
主體時(shí)態(tài):一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
正文部分:必須給對(duì)方問(wèn)題明確答復(fù);建議的內(nèi)容要層次清楚,目的明確,具有合理性和說(shuō)服力;語(yǔ)言要正確、清晰、禮貌、體貼,易于對(duì)方接受。
【 范文】
Dear Peter,I’m glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to learn Chinese well.Here are a few suggestions.First, it is Important to take a Chinese course,as you’ll be able to learn from the teacher and practice with your fellow students.Then, it also helps to watch TV and read books, newspapers and magazines in Chinese whenever possible.Besides, it should be a good idea to learn and sing Chinese songs, because bydoing so you’ll learn and remember Chinese words more easily.You can also makemore Chinese friends,who will tell you a lot about China and help you learn Chinese.Try and write me in Chinese next time.Best wishes,Li Hua
②求職信/申請(qǐng)信
I learned from?/ I read?in(the newspaper)?
I am thinking I am suitable for the job/position.I graduated from ?/ I have rich experience in doing?
I will devote myself to it if I can get it./ I would appreciate it if you can give a chance.I’m looking forward to your reply(interview)./ Hope for an early reply.例文2
假如你是卜曼宜,你購(gòu)買(mǎi)了一部某外國(guó)公司生產(chǎn)的手機(jī),因有質(zhì)量問(wèn)題,要求該公司更換。請(qǐng)根據(jù)下列要點(diǎn),用英文寫(xiě)一封電子郵件。
要點(diǎn):
1.問(wèn)題:手機(jī)不響鈴,不能發(fā)短信; 該產(chǎn)品已售完,無(wú)法更換;型號(hào)新,無(wú)配件,無(wú)法維修。
2.要求:公司應(yīng)盡快予以更換。
注意:1.詞數(shù)為100左右
2.參考詞匯:配件 ——spare part
3.電子郵件的開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾已為你寫(xiě)好
Dear Sir,I am writing to you for the mobile phone of Dephone-S250 I bought on 20th Apr.2008 at Tele Mall in Wuhan, P.R.China_____________________________________________
Thank you for your consideration.Sincerely yours
Bu Manyi
【寫(xiě)作指導(dǎo)】
信件類(lèi)型: 抱怨信
內(nèi)容:寫(xiě)信人針對(duì)未能解決的問(wèn)題提出抱怨,希望得到對(duì)方的幫助
主體時(shí)態(tài):一般過(guò)去時(shí)
正文部分:
①切中要害,客觀說(shuō)明存在的問(wèn)題。
②怨之有節(jié),重在解決問(wèn)題(有禮有節(jié),說(shuō)明存在的問(wèn)題對(duì)自己造成的不利影響或危害;必要時(shí)也可提出自己對(duì)存在問(wèn)題的解決辦法或建議)。
③語(yǔ)言力求簡(jiǎn)潔。
【 范文】
Dear Sir,I am writing to you for the mobile phone of...Ten days after that, it didn't ring and send short messages.Then I took it to the seller, but was told that the model had been sold out and I had to wait at least three months for a new one.Later I went to the repairman.He said since it was a new model in China, it was impossible to fix it without the right spare parts.I was so desperate on hearing that.How can I wait that long? Therefore, I require that you send me a new one of the same model within a month.Thank you for your consideration.Sincerely yours,Bu Manyi
③抱怨信/投訴信
I am writing to make a complaint /to express my dissatisfaction about?
I would like to get this matter settled by the end of this month.I hope you can give me a satisfying reply and deal with this matter seriously.I trust you will take my complaint seriously and do something to this matter.I must warn you that unless you do something about the situation, I will be forcedto take legal action.例文3
假設(shè)你是李華,申請(qǐng)到一家外資企業(yè)工作,你需要用英文給該公司經(jīng)理寫(xiě)一封信,介紹
自己的基本情況,信件必須包括下面全部?jī)?nèi)容:
姓名: 李華;出生年月: 1981年8月;
出生地: 廣東省佛山市;
學(xué)歷: 1994—2000 佛山第一中學(xué)
2000—2004 廣州大學(xué)計(jì)算機(jī)系
2004—至今在一所中學(xué)工作
所學(xué)主要課程: 計(jì)算機(jī)、中文、數(shù)學(xué)、英語(yǔ)、體育
特長(zhǎng):計(jì)算機(jī)編程
愛(ài)好: 音樂(lè)、游泳(曾獲大學(xué)游泳比賽一等獎(jiǎng))
聯(lián)系電話(huà):5673678
E-mail: lihua6688@yahoo.com.cn
要求:簡(jiǎn)介必須包括以上全部?jī)?nèi)容(信的開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾已經(jīng)寫(xiě)好)
Dear Manager,___________________________________________
I am looking forward to your reply.Thank you very much.Yours Truly,Li Hua
【寫(xiě)作指導(dǎo)】
信件類(lèi)型:求職信
內(nèi)容:寫(xiě)信人申請(qǐng)工作
主體時(shí)態(tài):一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),一般過(guò)去時(shí)
正文部分:
1、介紹信息來(lái)源(開(kāi)篇交代句)。
2、表明求職心愿(寫(xiě)信目的。)
3、介紹個(gè)人簡(jiǎn)歷。
4、擺出求職優(yōu)勢(shì)。
5、提出獲職打算。
6、請(qǐng)求答復(fù)聯(lián)系。(通訊地址、郵政編碼、電話(huà)號(hào)碼、電子信箱等)
7、表明感激之情。
【 范文】
Dear Manager,I learned from the newspaper that your company wanted to hire a computer engineer.I am interested in this position and writing to apply for it.Now I’d like to introduce myself.My name is Li Hua and I was born in Foshan City of Guangdong Province in August 1981.I studied in Foshan No.1 Middle School from 1994 – 2000, and thenI came to study in the Computer Department of Guangzhou University for four years.I majored in computer science, but my strong point is computer programming.In addition, I studied Chinese, maths, English, P.E.and now I am working for a high school.I also like pop music and swimming very much, and I once won the first
prize for swimming in the school competition.If I am accepted, I’ll work hard and try my best to make a contribution to the company.My telephone number is 5673678.E-mail: lihua6688@yahoo.com.cn
I am looking forward to your reply.Thank you very much.Yours Truly,Li Hua
隨堂演練
假如你叫李華,你的家鄉(xiāng)原來(lái)有座茂密的森林,但現(xiàn)在已變成了荒漠。請(qǐng)根據(jù)下面幾幅圖的內(nèi)容,向一家英文報(bào)社寫(xiě)一篇“Protecting The Forest”的短文。注意:1.詞數(shù)100左右;
2.開(kāi)頭已為你寫(xiě)好
Protecting The Forest
My hometown used to be a beautiful place.內(nèi)容要點(diǎn):
1、家鄉(xiāng)原來(lái)青山綠水,很美。
2、人們毀林種莊稼,過(guò)度放牧,造成水土流失、土地荒漠化。
3、發(fā)表你的看法。
分析下面學(xué)生習(xí)作,找出問(wèn)題,并修改。
(1)Some years ago, my hometown used to be a beautiful place.There is a forest on the hill.Many animals and birds lived there.But later people wanted to plant crops.They began to destroy the forest.They also feeded their crows and sheep on the grass.The trees and grass disappeared.And the forest became wasteland.So when wind blows, the sand on the ground flies into the air.It is harmful to be environment and our health.In our opinion, people should be punished for the bad result.We must ask the
public to protect the environment.If every of us take action, we can live better.【分析】
【修改】Dear editor, Some years ago, my hometown used to be a beautiful place.Thick trees and green grass could be seen all over the hills.As time went on, people destroyed almost the whole forest to grow more crops.To make matters worse, people let their cattle eat up the grass.So, you can only see wasteland instead of green forests now.As a result, when it rains, the soil is washed down the hills and into the rivers.Strong winds also blow away the valuable soil that lies on the top of the fields.I do hope all the people will take good care of the forests and plant more trees to improve our living conditions.Yours, Li Hua
第五篇:人物性格特點(diǎn)都有哪些(閱讀題常考的類(lèi)型)
人物性格特點(diǎn)都有哪些(閱讀題??嫉念?lèi)型)
1.開(kāi)放性:描述是否愿意與人交往,注重和諧發(fā)展; 外向有人緣孤僻不合群好交際興趣廣泛
2.完美性:描述追求完美,重視目標(biāo)計(jì)劃的程度; 仔細(xì)嚴(yán)于律已寬以待人嚴(yán)守秩序有條理
3.較真性:描述對(duì)事物的鉆研和完善程度; 執(zhí)著較真專(zhuān)注
4.認(rèn)知性:描述是否重視積累知識(shí),包括聰明程度;
文質(zhì)彬彬聰明遲鈍冰雪聰明聰明絕世聰穎出口成章語(yǔ)驚四座娓娓而談口若懸河才華橫溢出類(lèi)拔萃博大精深
5.成就性:描述是否注重成就的程度; 有成就感急功近利好大喜功
6.力量性:描述是否愿意支配和影響他人;
勤勞勇敢自信堅(jiān)強(qiáng)有志氣懶惰胸?zé)o大志膽小怕事果敢倔強(qiáng)挑釁信心受挫意志堅(jiān)定 7.浪漫性:描述在浪漫程度;
豪放爽朗爽快爽直豪爽直爽豁達(dá)小氣小心眼多心
8.給予性:描述是否愿意給予他人,包含仁愛(ài),慈孝,正義等; 善良熱情好客孝順講義氣大公無(wú)私好心腸 9.活躍性:描述情緒的興奮和活躍程度; 開(kāi)朗溫柔樂(lè)觀健談沖動(dòng)莽撞易怒情緒低落
10.形體性:描述形體特征的狀況以及重視享受的程度; 美麗實(shí)在不修邊幅華而不實(shí)拜金傾國(guó)傾城
11.疑惑性:描述是否傾向于探究他人的動(dòng)機(jī); 老實(shí)誠(chéng)實(shí)忠厚謹(jǐn)慎嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)守信用言而無(wú)信
12.隨和性:描述和平、隨和與安靜的程度; 急躁妥協(xié)煩躁性情平和暴躁平和
13.傳統(tǒng)性:描述對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的堅(jiān)守程度; 樸素保守
14.自由性:描述重視自由的程度; 15.智慧性:描述創(chuàng)造能力,智慧程度;
足智多謀幽默創(chuàng)造別具慧眼睿智料事如神能說(shuō)會(huì)道巧舌如簧能言善辯伶牙俐齒妙語(yǔ)連珠 16.想象性:描述重視想象,追求至善的程度.理想化想象力好
17.多面性:描述性格復(fù)雜程度; 矛盾表里不一兩面三刀
18.多變性:描述機(jī)敏的程度; 善變敏感機(jī)敏奸詐狡猾反應(yīng)敏捷