第一篇：學(xué)術(shù)英語(yǔ)博士推薦信

To Whom It May Concern: I take great pleasure in recommending Longgang Wu, one of my favorite students, for admission into your distinguished graduate program in Machinery Manufacturing.I have known Mr.Wu 5 years since his freshman year at Harbin Engineering University.At that time, he took the course “Advanced Manufacturing Technology”, which I taught mainly for junior students Majoring in Mechanical Engineering.To my surprise, I found he was among the few students in his class who could keep up with the pace of my lectures.Moreover, he often posed thought-provoking questions during the course.Thus it was natural that I liked discussing with this young man and became familiar with him.The more I knew him, the more I found he was talented at Mechanical Engineering.As you can see, he got excellent scores on the course.In fact, he ranked No.1 on this 27 hours course.After the course, he was admitted as a Master of Mechanical Engineering.As his research adviser, I direct his research and found his a promising youth radiating with intelligence and creativity.During the following two years, Mr.Wu worked on a computational theory study of Drag Reduction Characteristics of Bionic Jet Surface.To make the theory model meet the actual materials, he faced down many practical problems, such as building reasonable module of inorganic materials, and calculation techniques.Working hard and independently, he cracked the problems one by one, and came up with a thesis that was characterized by academic excellence.In my experience with Mr.Wu, I was impressed with not only his extraordinary intelligence but also his ambitions and persistence.I am sure that Mr.Wu will be an outstanding student in any doctoral program that he may care to enroll in.So I would like to support him firmly in his quest recommendation into account when considering his application.I would greatly appreciate it you decide to accept him as he wishes.Yours sincerely Gang Zhao

Intelligent Manufacturing System Lab

Harbin Engineering University

第二篇：博士英語(yǔ)的學(xué)術(shù)不端行為文章

學(xué)術(shù)不端行為

今年來(lái)學(xué)術(shù)不端行為屢屢發(fā)生，2009年4月，上海大學(xué)教授、博導(dǎo)陳湛勻因兩篇論文存在抄襲現(xiàn)象被通報(bào)，被學(xué)校免除學(xué)術(shù)委員會(huì)委員職務(wù)，并撤銷了國(guó)際工商與管理學(xué)院副院長(zhǎng)一職。學(xué)術(shù)不端行為已成為高校的一個(gè)熱門話題。什么原因?qū)е聦W(xué)術(shù)不端行為的大量出現(xiàn)？

This year academic misconduct has occurred frequently, in April 2009, Shanghai University, Professor, Ph.D.Chen Zhan even exist due to two papers plagiarism phenomenon is informed by the school exempt academic committee duties, and the withdrawal of International Business and Management School a post.University academic misconduct has become a hot topic.What causes a large number of academic misconduct occur? 首先，目前我們國(guó)家的科研經(jīng)費(fèi)分配制度有關(guān)。各種科研經(jīng)費(fèi)，都需要你有前期的大量的基礎(chǔ)研究工作，目前只能通過(guò)發(fā)表的文章來(lái)證明，這是導(dǎo)致很多學(xué)術(shù)腐敗的主要原因。

First, with the current distribution system of our country on research funding.Various research funding, require that you have a lot of pre-basic research work, currently only through post to prove it.This is the main reason leading many academic corruption.其次，與目前我國(guó)學(xué)術(shù)不端行為立法不健全有關(guān)。全國(guó)人大代表閆希軍認(rèn)為，從根本上遏制學(xué)術(shù)詐騙行為，就必須加強(qiáng)學(xué)術(shù)誠(chéng)信的法制化管理，他建議：一應(yīng)盡快把遏制學(xué)術(shù)不端行為納入立法體系。通過(guò)立法，明確學(xué)術(shù)行為人的權(quán)利與義務(wù)關(guān)系，使學(xué)術(shù)誠(chéng)信的要求能夠標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化和可操作。通過(guò)立法，建立健全對(duì)學(xué)術(shù)不端行為的投訴舉報(bào)機(jī)制，形成完善的外部監(jiān)督。二應(yīng)加強(qiáng)執(zhí)法監(jiān)督，加大對(duì)學(xué)術(shù)不端行為的懲處力度。特別是對(duì)以虛假課題或項(xiàng)目等形式騙取扶持資金，甚至以虛假成果損害他人或社會(huì)利益的，建議設(shè)立獨(dú)立的“學(xué)術(shù)欺詐罪”，予以嚴(yán)厲處罰。

Secondly, with the current legislation of academic misconduct related unsound.NPC Yan Xijun that fundamentally curb academic fraud, we must strengthen the academic integrity of the legal management, he suggested: One should stop as soon as possible into the legislative system of academic misconduct.Through legislation, a clear academic perpetrator's rights and obligations between the academic integrity requires the ability to standardize and operational.Through legislation, establish a sound academic misconduct complaint mechanism, the formation of a sound external oversight.Two should strengthen law enforcement supervision, increase the punishment for academic misconduct.Especially on issues of false or fraudulent funds to support the project in the form, or even harm others with false results or social benefits, recommended the establishment of an independent “academic fraud” be severely punished.第三，與學(xué)術(shù)不端行為現(xiàn)代化的評(píng)估手段不健全有關(guān)。目前論文發(fā)表系統(tǒng)還缺少抄襲、剽竊的檢測(cè)手段。只要建立起這些現(xiàn)代化的手段，對(duì)學(xué)術(shù)不端行為是一個(gè)極大的威懾。

Third, the modern academic misconduct related assessment tools are not perfect.Currently Papers system also lacks plagiarism detection means.Just build these modern means of academic misconduct is a great deterrent.目前，我們已經(jīng)充分認(rèn)識(shí)到學(xué)術(shù)不端的危害，相關(guān)的法律、措施、手段，也在不斷的完善，相信在不久的將來(lái)，學(xué)術(shù)不端行為會(huì)一段歷史。

Currently, we have fully recognized the dangers of academic misconduct, the relevant laws, measures and means, but also continuous improvement, I believe that in the near future, will be a history of academic misconduct.

第三篇：學(xué)術(shù)英語(yǔ)范文

《學(xué)術(shù)英語(yǔ)》課程階段性作業(yè)：文獻(xiàn)綜述

學(xué)生姓名：學(xué)號(hào)：專業(yè)班級(jí)：完成日期：分?jǐn)?shù)：

The influence of the earthquake disaster and earthquake disaster mitigation measures analysis

There are three main reasons for the earthquake hypothesis , namely “ elastic rebound ”, “the magma shock to say” ' said phase change.“These three hypotheses have some reasonable, but what causes earthquakes, pending further study

The Characteristics of earthquake disasterissudden and strong, destructive big , serious secondary disasters , far-reaching social , defense difficult.Sudden strong make it difficult to predict and the effect of prevention becomes weak.His devastating is to see, such as the Tangshan earthquake which caused 24.2 million deaths , injuries 16.4 million.The Secondary disasters such as fires , floods , tsunamis , landslides , mudslides , gas leaks, pandemics, radioactive contamination is also very scary.2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, which has razed to the ground in several cities.Due to sudden strong earthquake , suffered heavy casualties, huge economic losses , tend to produce a chain reaction , causing a huge impact on a region or even a social life and the country 's economic activity , resulting in a profound impact on society.Compared with floods, droughts, typhoons and other weather disasters , earthquake prediction is much more difficult.At the same time , improve the seismic performance of buildings , requires a lot of capital investment , this is not a short period of time can do.Although it is difficult to predict the devastating earthquake , but there is a history of China successfully predicted miracle.At 19:36 on February 4, 1975 occurred in Liaoning Haicheng earthquake prediction is accurate , which makes more than 100 million people in southern Liaoning Province promptly evacuated their homes and workplaces.This success is due to the abnormal situation in a timely manner to collect a large number of earthquake precursors , and timely induction, analyze, summarize the results , thanks to good policies of prevention group prevention and measured.Haicheng earthquake prediction can be successful, professional workers contributed to the earthquake, but it was the implementation of ”mass monitoring and prevention" approach, also played a crucial role.Generally speaking, professional workers in the earthquake, earthquake forecasting long, medium, and have a good chance, but the short-term forecasting, grasp not so big.The earthquake disaster prevention, the short-term forecasting truly decisive.References:

1, The cause of the earthquake

2, The characteristics of earthquake disasters

3, NOVA: Wave That Shook The World—Site and special report shot within days of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami.4,changmengfei,Shockproof ,Please reference the historical experience[N].Procuratorate Daily, 2008-05-14.參考文獻(xiàn)：

1, 地震災(zāi)害的成因

2,地震災(zāi)害的特點(diǎn)

3,新星：波浪搖動(dòng)了世界——直擊近日2004年的印度洋海嘯的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)特別報(bào)道 4, 常夢(mèng)飛，防震.請(qǐng)借鑒歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn)[N].檢察日?qǐng)?bào), 2008-05-14.

第四篇：學(xué)術(shù)英語(yǔ)

1.詞匯替換（這題全部出自課文后的formal words練習(xí)）

2.術(shù)語(yǔ)（20個(gè)的范圍準(zhǔn)備，考試考10個(gè)。學(xué)生必須自己熟悉術(shù)語(yǔ)的含義，考試的時(shí)候

要求考生根據(jù)描述寫出術(shù)語(yǔ)。）

Iceberg Theory

2.Essay

3.Collective unconscious

4.Artistic merit

5.Literary theory

6.Gender studies

7.Figure of speech

8.Literary criticism

9.Genealogy

10.historical data

11.national identity

12.the pastness of the past

13.the Mandate of Heaven

14.historical consciousness

15.historiography

16.historian/historiographer

17.Paradox

18.epistemology

19.Metaphysics

20.formal developments 1.3.釋義（給學(xué)生8句的范圍準(zhǔn)備，考試考2句）

1).The nature of artistic merit is less easy to define than to recognize.The writer need

not even pursue it to attain it.2).The test in individual cases would seem to be one of enduring satisfaction and, ofcourse, truth.3).By embracing literary theory, we learn about literature, but importantly, we are also

taught tolerance for other people’s beliefs.4).Although each reader’s theory and methodology for arriving at a text’sinterpretation differs, sooner or later groups of readers and critics declare allegiance

to a similar core of beliefs and band together, thereby founding schools of criticism.5).“History teaching by example” is one phrase that describes this use of a study of the past — a

study not only of certifiable heroes, the great men and women of history who successfully

worked through moral dilemmas, but also of more ordinary people who provide lessons in

courage, diligence, or constructive protest.6.The same aesthetic and humanistic goals inspire people to immerse themselves in efforts to reconstruct quite remote pasts, far removed from immediate, present-day utility.The method of conceptual analysis might sometimes seem picky, but unclarity or imprecision in our concepts is often what leads us into paradoxes and incoherence in our world views.Every claim, no matter where it comes from, is subject to scrutiny.Even common sense is not taken for granted, which leads

philosophers to put forward some very weird views.7.8.翻譯來(lái)自第六單元的A課文

第五篇：土木工程博士英語(yǔ)必備

土木工程博士研究生專業(yè)英語(yǔ)必備

第一部分必須掌握，第二部分盡量掌握

第一部分： Finite Element Method 有限單元法 2 專業(yè)英語(yǔ) Specialty English 3 水利工程 Hydraulic Engineering 4 土木工程 Civil Engineering 5 地下工程 Underground Engineering 6 巖土工程 Geotechnical Engineering 7 道路工程 Road(Highway)Engineering 8 橋梁工程Bridge Engineering 9 隧道工程 Tunnel Engineering 10 工程力學(xué) Engineering Mechanics 11 交通工程 Traffic Engineering 12 港口工程 Port Engineering 13 安全性 safety 17木結(jié)構(gòu) timber structure 18 砌體結(jié)構(gòu) masonry structure 19 混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)concrete structure 20 鋼結(jié)構(gòu) steelstructure 21 鋼-混凝土復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) steel and concrete composite structure 22 素混凝土 plain concrete 鋼筋混凝土reinforced concrete 鋼筋 rebar 預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土 pre-stressed concrete 26 靜定結(jié)構(gòu)statically determinate structure 27 超靜定結(jié)構(gòu) statically indeterminate structure 28 桁架結(jié)構(gòu) truss structure 空間網(wǎng)架結(jié)構(gòu) spatial grid structure 30近海工程 offshore engineering 31 靜力學(xué) statics 32運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)kinematics 33 動(dòng)力學(xué)dynamics

簡(jiǎn)支梁 simply supported beam 35 固定支座 fixed bearing 36彈性力學(xué) elasticity 37 塑性力學(xué) plasticity 38 彈塑性力學(xué) elaso-plasticity 39 斷裂力學(xué) fracture Mechanics 40 土力學(xué) soil mechanics 41 水力學(xué) hydraulics 42 流體力學(xué) fluid mechanics 43 固體力學(xué)solid mechanics 44 集中力 concentrated force 45 壓力 pressure

靜水壓力 hydrostatic pressure

均布?jí)毫?uniform pressure 48 體力 body force 49 重力 gravity 50 線荷載 line load 51 彎矩 bending moment 52 torque 扭矩 53 應(yīng)力 stress 54 應(yīng)變 stain 55 正應(yīng)力 normal stress 56 剪應(yīng)力 shearing stress 57 主應(yīng)力 principal stress 58 變形 deformation 59 內(nèi)力 internal force 60 偏移量 撓度 deflection 61 settlement 沉降 62 屈曲失穩(wěn) buckle 63 軸力 axial force 64 允許應(yīng)力 allowable stress 65 疲勞分析 fatigue analysis 66 梁 beam 67 殼 shell 68 板 plate 69 橋 bridge 70 樁 pile

主動(dòng)土壓力 active earth pressure 72 被動(dòng)土壓力 passive earth pressure

承載力 load-bearing capacity 74 水位 water Height 75 位移 displacement

結(jié)構(gòu)力學(xué) structural mechanics 77 材料力學(xué) material mechanics 78 經(jīng)緯儀 altometer 79 水準(zhǔn)儀level 80 學(xué)科 discipline 81 子學(xué)科 sub-discipline 82 期刊 journal ,periodical 83文獻(xiàn)literature

ISSN International Standard Serial Number 國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)刊號(hào)

ISBN International Standard Book Number 國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)書號(hào)

卷 volume

期 number 88 專著 monograph 89 會(huì)議論文集 Proceeding 90 學(xué)位論文 thesis, dissertation 91 專利 patent 92 檔案 檔案室 archive 93 國(guó)際學(xué)術(shù)會(huì)議 conference 94 導(dǎo)師 advisor

學(xué)位論文答辯 defense of thesis 96 博士研究生 doctorate student 97 研究生 postgraduate

EI Engineering Index 工程索引

SCI Science Citation Index 科學(xué)引文索引

100ISTP Index to Science and Technology Proceedings 科學(xué)技術(shù)會(huì)議論文集索引 101 題目 title 102 摘要 abstract 103 全文 full-text 104 參考文獻(xiàn) reference

聯(lián)絡(luò)單位、所屬單位affiliation 106 主題詞 Subject 107 關(guān)鍵字 keyword

ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers 美國(guó)土木工程師協(xié)會(huì)

FHWA Federal Highway Administration 聯(lián)邦公路總署110 ISO International Standard Organization 111 解析方法 analytical method 112 數(shù)值方法 numerical method 113 計(jì)算 computation 114 說(shuō)明書 instruction 115 規(guī)范 Specification, Code

第二部分：

巖土工程專業(yè)詞匯

1.geotechnical engineering巖土工程

2.foundation engineering基礎(chǔ)工程 3.soil, earth土

4.soil mechanics土力學(xué) cyclic loading周期荷載 unloading卸載 reloading再加載

viscoelastic foundation粘彈性地基

viscous damping粘滯阻尼

shear modulus剪切模量 5.soil dynamics土動(dòng)力學(xué) 6.stress path應(yīng)力路徑

7.numerical geotechanics 數(shù)值巖土力學(xué)

二.土的分類 1.residual soil殘積土 groundwater level地下水位 2.groundwater 地下水 groundwater table地下水位 3.clay minerals粘土礦物 4.secondary minerals次生礦物 5.landslides滑坡 6.bore hole columnar section鉆孔柱狀圖 7.engineering geologic investigation工程地質(zhì)勘

察 8.boulder漂石 9.cobble

卵石 10.gravel砂石

11.gravelly sand

礫

砂

12.coarse sand

粗

砂 13.medium sand中砂 14.fine sand細(xì)砂 15.silty sand粉土 16.clayey soil粘性土 17.clay粘土 18.silty clay粉質(zhì)粘土 19.silt粉土 20.sandy silt砂質(zhì)粉土 21.clayey silt粘質(zhì)粉土 22.saturated soil飽和土 23.unsaturated soil非飽和土 24.fill(soil)填土 25.overconsolidated soil超固結(jié)土

26.normally consolidated soil

正

常

固

結(jié)

土 27.underconsolidated soil欠固結(jié)土 28.zonal soil區(qū)域性土 29.soft clay軟粘土 30.expansive(swelling)soil膨脹土 31.peat

泥炭 32.loess

黃土 33.frozen soil

凍

土 24.degree of saturation飽和度 25.dry unit weight干重度 20.underlying soil(stratum ,strata)下臥層（土）

26.moist unit weight濕重度

45.ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 國(guó)際土力學(xué)與巖土工程學(xué)會(huì)

四.滲透性和滲流

1.Darcy’s law 達(dá)西定律 2.piping管涌 3.flowing soil流土 4.sand boiling砂沸 5.flow net流網(wǎng) 6.seepage滲透（流）7.leakage滲流 8.seepage pressure滲透壓力 9.permeability滲透性 10.seepage force滲透力

11.hydraulic gradient水力梯度 12.coefficient of permeability滲透系數(shù)

五.地基應(yīng)力和變形

1.soft soil軟土 2.(negative)skin friction of driven pile打入樁（負(fù)）摩阻力 3.effective stress有效應(yīng)力 4.total stress總應(yīng)力

5.field vane shear strength十字板抗剪強(qiáng)度

6.low activity低活性 7.sensitivity靈敏度 8.triaxial test三軸試驗(yàn) 9.foundation design基礎(chǔ)設(shè)計(jì) 10.recompaction再壓縮11.bearing capacity承載力 12.soil mass土體 13.contact stress(pressure)接觸應(yīng)力（壓力）

14.concentrated load集中荷載 15.a semi-infinite elastic solid半無(wú)限彈性體 16.homogeneous均質(zhì) 17.isotropic各向同性 18.strip footing條基 19.square spread footing方形獨(dú)立基礎(chǔ)

21.dead load =sustained load恒載 持續(xù)荷載 22.live load活載 23.short –term transient load短期瞬時(shí)荷載

24.long-term transient load長(zhǎng)期荷載 25.reduced load折算荷載 26.settlement沉降 27.deformation變形 28.casing套管 29.dike=dyke堤（防）30.clay fraction粘粒粒組 31.physical properties

物理性質(zhì) 32.subgrade

路

基 33.well-graded soil級(jí)配良好土 34.poorly-graded soil級(jí)配不良土 35.normal stresses正應(yīng)力 36.shear stresses剪應(yīng)力 37.principal plane主平面

38.major(intermediate, minor)principal stress最大（中、最?。┲鲬?yīng)力 39.Mohr-Coulomb failure condition摩爾-庫(kù)侖破壞條件 40.FEM=finite element method有限元法 41.limit equilibrium method極限平衡法 42.pore water pressure孔隙水壓力 43.preconsolidation pressure先期固結(jié)壓力 44.modulus of compressibility壓縮模量 45.coefficent of compressibility壓縮系數(shù)

46.compression index壓縮指數(shù) 47.swelling index回彈指數(shù) 48.geostatic stress自重應(yīng)力 49.additional stress附加應(yīng)力 50.total stress總應(yīng)力 51.final settlement最終沉降 52.slip line滑動(dòng)線

六.基坑開挖與降水 1 excavation開挖（挖方）2 dewatering（基坑）降水 3 failure of foundation基坑失穩(wěn) 4 bracing of foundation pit基坑圍護(hù) 5 bottom heave=basal heave（基坑）底隆起 retaining wall擋土墻 7 pore-pressure distribution孔壓分布 8 dewatering method降低地下水位法 9 well point system井點(diǎn)系統(tǒng)（輕型）10 deep well point

深井

驗(yàn) 13.vertical allowable load capacity單樁豎向容許承載力 14.low pile cap低樁承臺(tái) 15.high-rise pile cap高樁承臺(tái) 16.vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile單樁抗拔極限承載力 17.silent piling靜力壓樁 18.uplift pile抗拔點(diǎn) 11 vacuum well point真空井點(diǎn) 12 braced cuts支撐圍護(hù) 13 braced excavation支撐開挖 14 braced sheeting支撐擋板

七.深基礎(chǔ)--deep foundation 1.pile foundation樁基礎(chǔ) 1)cast –in-place灌注樁 diving casting cast-in-place pile沉管灌注樁 bored pile鉆孔樁 special-shaped cast-in-place pile機(jī)控異型灌注樁 piles set into rock嵌巖灌注樁 rammed bulb pile夯擴(kuò)樁

2)belled pier foundation鉆孔墩基礎(chǔ) drilled-pier foundation 鉆孔擴(kuò)底墩 under-reamed bored pier 3)precast concrete pile預(yù)制混凝土樁

4)steel pile鋼樁 steel pipe pile鋼管樁 steel sheet pile鋼板樁

5)prestressed concrete pile預(yù)應(yīng)

力

混

凝

土樁 prestressed concrete pipe pile預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土管樁 2.caisson foundation沉井（箱）3.diaphragm wall地下連續(xù)墻 截水墻 4.friction pile摩擦樁 5.end-bearing pile端承樁 6.shaft豎井；樁身 7.wave equation analysis波動(dòng)方程分析 8.pile caps承臺(tái)（樁帽）9.bearing capacity of single pile單樁承載力 10.lateral pile load test單樁橫向載荷試驗(yàn) 11.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile單樁橫向極限承載力 12.static load test of pile單樁豎向靜荷載試

樁 19.anti-slide pile抗滑樁

20.pile groups群樁 21.efficiency factor of pile groups群樁效率系數(shù)（η）

22.efficiency of pile groups群樁效應(yīng) 23.dynamic pile testing樁基動(dòng)測(cè)技術(shù)

24.final set最后貫入度 25.dynamic load test of pile樁動(dòng)荷載試驗(yàn)

26.pile integrity test樁的完整性試驗(yàn) 27.pile head=butt樁頭 28.pile tip=pile point=pile toe樁端（頭）29.pile spacing樁距

30.pile plan樁位布置圖 31.arrangement of piles =pile layout樁的布置

32.group action群樁作用 33.end bearing=tip resistance樁端

阻 34.skin(side)friction=shaft resistance樁側(cè)阻

35.pile cushion樁墊 36.pile driving(by vibration)（振動(dòng)）打樁 37.pile pulling test

拔樁試驗(yàn) 38.pile shoe

樁

靴 39.pile noise打樁噪音 40.pile rig打樁機(jī) 九.固結(jié)consolidation

1.Terzzaghi’s consolidation theory太沙基固結(jié)理論 2.Barraon’s consolidation theory巴隆固結(jié)理論

3.Biot’s consolidation theory比奧固結(jié)理論 4.over consolidation ration(OCR)超固結(jié)比 5.overconsolidation soil超固結(jié)土 6.excess pore water pressure超孔壓力 7.multi-dimensional consolidation多維固結(jié) 8.one-dimensional consolidation一維固結(jié) 9.primary consolidation主固結(jié) 10.secondary consolidation次固結(jié)

11.degree of consolidation固結(jié)度 12.consolidation test固結(jié)試驗(yàn) 13.consolidation curve固結(jié)曲線 14.time factor Tv時(shí)間因子

15.coefficient of consolidation固結(jié)系數(shù) 16.preconsolidation pressure前期固結(jié)壓力 17.principle of effective stress有效應(yīng)力原理 18.consolidation under K0 condition K0固結(jié)

十.抗剪強(qiáng)度shear strength 1.undrained shear strength不排水抗剪強(qiáng)度

2.residual strength殘余強(qiáng)度 3.long-term strength長(zhǎng)期強(qiáng)度 4.peak strength峰值強(qiáng)度 5.shear strain rate剪切應(yīng)變速率

6.dilatation剪脹

7.effective stress approach of shear strength 剪脹抗剪強(qiáng)度有效應(yīng)力法 8.total stress approach of shear strength抗剪強(qiáng)度總應(yīng)力法 9.Mohr-Coulomb theory莫爾－庫(kù)侖理論 10.angle of internal friction內(nèi)摩擦角 11.cohesion粘聚力 12.failure criterion破壞準(zhǔn)則 13.vane strength十字板抗剪強(qiáng)度

14.unconfined compression無(wú)側(cè)限抗壓強(qiáng)度

15.effective stress failure envelop有效應(yīng)力破壞包線 16.effective stress strength parameter有效應(yīng)力強(qiáng)度參數(shù) 十一.本構(gòu)模型--constitutive model

1.elastic model彈性模型 2.nonlinear elastic model非線性彈性模型

3.elastoplastic model彈塑性模型 4.viscoelastic model粘彈性模型

5.boundary surface model邊界面模型

6.Duncan-Chang model鄧肯－張模型 7.rigid plastic model剛塑性模型 8.cap model蓋帽模型 9.work softening加工軟化 10.work hardening加工硬化 11.Cambridge model劍橋模型 12.ideal elastoplastic model

理想彈塑性模

型 13.Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion莫爾－庫(kù)侖屈服準(zhǔn)則 14.yield surface屈服面

15.elastic half-space foundation model彈性半空間地基模型 16.elastic modulus彈性模量 17.Winkler foundation model文克爾地基模型

十二.地基承載力--bearing capacity of foundation soil 1.punching shear failure沖剪破壞 2.general shear failure整體剪切破化 3.local shear failure

局部剪切破

壞 4.state of limit equilibrium極限平衡狀態(tài) 5.critical edge pressure臨塑荷載 6.stability of foundation soil地基穩(wěn)定性

7.ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil地基極限承載力 8.allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil地基容許承載力 十三.土壓力--earth pressure 1.active earth pressure主動(dòng)土壓力 2.passive earth pressure被動(dòng)土壓力 3.earth pressure at rest靜止土壓力

4.Coulomb’s earth pressure theory庫(kù)侖土壓力理論 5.Rankine’s earth pressure theory朗金土壓力理論 十四.土坡穩(wěn)定分析--slope stability analysis 1.angle of repose休止角 2.Bishop method畢肖普法

3.safety factor of slope邊坡穩(wěn)定安全系數(shù) 4.Fellenius method of slices費(fèi)紐倫斯條分法 5.Swedish circle method瑞典圓弧滑動(dòng)法 6.slices method條分法 十五.擋土墻--retaining wall

1.stability of retaining wall擋土墻穩(wěn)定性

2.foundation wall基礎(chǔ)墻 3.counter retaining wall扶壁式擋土墻 4.cantilever retaining wall懸臂式擋土墻 5.cantilever sheet pile wall懸臂式板樁墻 6.gravity retaining wall重力式擋土墻 7.anchored plate retaining wall錨定板擋土墻 8.anchored sheet pile wall錨定板板樁墻 十六.板樁結(jié)構(gòu)物--sheet pile structure 1.steel sheet pile鋼板樁

2.reinforced concrete sheet pile鋼筋混凝土板樁 3.steel piles鋼樁 4.wooden sheet pile木板樁

5.timber piles木樁

十七.淺基礎(chǔ)--shallow foundation 1.box foundation箱型基礎(chǔ) 2.mat(raft)foundation片筏基礎(chǔ) 3.strip foundation條形基礎(chǔ) 4.spread footing擴(kuò)展基礎(chǔ) 5.compensated foundation補(bǔ)償性基礎(chǔ) 6.bearing stratum持力層 7.rigid foundation剛性基礎(chǔ) 8.flexible foundation柔性基礎(chǔ)

9.embedded depth of foundation基礎(chǔ)埋置深度 10.net foundation pressure基底附加應(yīng)力

11.structure-foundation-soil interaction analysis上部結(jié)構(gòu)－基礎(chǔ)－地基共同作用分析

十八.土的動(dòng)力性質(zhì)--dynamic properties of soils

1.dynamic strength of soils動(dòng)強(qiáng)度 2.wave velocity method波速法 3.material damping材料阻尼 4.geometric damping幾何阻尼 5.damping ratio阻尼比 6.initial liquefaction初始液化 7.natural period of soil site地基固有周期

8.dynamic shear modulus of soils動(dòng)剪切模量 9.dynamic ma 二十.地基基礎(chǔ)抗震

1.earthquake engineering地震工程 2.soil dynamics土動(dòng)力學(xué)

3.duration of earthquake地震持續(xù)時(shí)間 4.earthquake response spectrum地震反應(yīng)譜 5.earthquake intensity地震烈度 6.earthquake magnitude震級(jí) 7.seismic predominant period

地

震

卓

越

周期 8.maximum acceleration of earthquake地震最大加速度 二十一.室內(nèi)土工實(shí)驗(yàn) 1.high pressure consolidation test高壓固結(jié)試驗(yàn) 2.consolidation under K0 condition K0固結(jié)試驗(yàn) 3.falling head permeability變水頭試驗(yàn) 4.constant head permeability常水頭滲透試驗(yàn)

5.unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test不固結(jié)不排水試驗(yàn)(UU)6.consolidated undrained triaxial test固結(jié)不排水試驗(yàn)(CU)7.consolidated drained triaxial test固結(jié)排水試驗(yàn)(CD)8.compaction test擊實(shí)試驗(yàn)

9.consolidated quick direct shear test固結(jié)快剪試驗(yàn) 10.quick direct shear test快剪試驗(yàn)

11.consolidated drained direct shear test慢剪試驗(yàn)

12.sieve analysis篩分析 13.geotechnical model test土工模型試驗(yàn) 14.centrifugal model test離心模型試驗(yàn)

15.direct shear apparatus直剪儀 16.direct shear test直剪試驗(yàn) 17.direct simple shear test直接單剪試驗(yàn)

18.dynamic triaxial test三軸試驗(yàn) 19.dynamic simple shear動(dòng)單剪 20.free（resonance）vibration column test自(共)振柱試驗(yàn)

二十二.原位測(cè)試

1.standard penetration test(SPT)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)貫入試驗(yàn) 2.surface wave test(SWT)表面波試驗(yàn) 3.dynamic penetration test(DPT)動(dòng)力觸探試驗(yàn) 4.static cone penetration(SPT)靜力觸探試驗(yàn) 5.plate loading test靜力荷載試驗(yàn) 6.lateral load test of pile 單樁橫向載荷試驗(yàn)

7.static load test of pile 單樁豎向荷載試驗(yàn) 8.cross-hole test 跨孔試驗(yàn) 9.screw plate test螺旋板載荷試驗(yàn) 10.pressuremeter test旁壓試驗(yàn) 11.light sounding輕便觸探試驗(yàn)

12.deep settlement measurement深層沉降觀測(cè) 13.vane shear test十字板剪切試驗(yàn) 14.field permeability test現(xiàn)場(chǎng)滲透試驗(yàn)

15.in-situ pore water pressure measurement 原位孔隙水壓量測(cè)

16.in-situ soil test原位試驗(yàn)