第一篇：學術英語摘要

Vocabulary:

Toboggan: a fast sled used for sliding down snowy or icy hills.RV:(recdreational vehicle)large motor vehicle equipped with living space ,such as a toilet,kitchen,sleeping space,etc.Manifest destiny:American philosophy from the 19th century;belief that Americans have a destiny or fate to explore new areas and take over new lands.Hitchhike:

Cinco de mayo:it was a festival of Mexican,today it means freedom and independent

Grafitti:

Dive: a very cheap,often sketchy restaurant or bar

Cuckooa: man who is a stupid,incompetent fool

Pit stop: a break to get food or grass or use the bathroom.Idioms/Slang:

The grass is always greener on the other side of the fence: people tend to want whatever they don’t have.Have itchy feet:

Yellow fever:refer to westen men who like to date Asian women ,for example:John only dates Chinese girls,he denifite have yellow fever.Backseat driver: a passenger who gives unnecessary or annoying directions to the diriver.Dog days of summer: hot and humid weather,usually in late July.Digging a hole to China:1)to dig a hole.2)to have unrealistic goals or expectatry.If she thinks she can pass her drivers exam,she’s just digging a hole to

China.Get lobstered: get a very bad sunburn,turn bright red.Black gold: the oil

To shanghai: to kidnap, trick, or force someone to do something unwillingly.for example :I didn’t want to go to the movies last night, but my friend she

shanghai to me.Don’t eat yellow snow: don’t do things that obvious that is stupid or damage.Concepts:

1.Americans’ perception of Chinas

2.Road trip

3.Great Wall graffiti zone

4.Advice

5.new years resolutions

第二篇：學術英語摘要

Text 4

Security Benefits of Cloud Computing

Abstract: Today, we can easily notice how the nature of the internet is changing from a place used to read web pages to an environment that allows the users to run software applications.Nowadays, with the development of web page ,the newest web page has up to web pages 3.0,also called the intelligent web ,which is the next stage of the internet evolution.the cloud means the internet.the term is derived from the way in which the internet is often represented into the network diagrams.the current cloud computing

architecture involves the existence of the data centers that are able to provide services to the clients located al overthe world.the main advantages of the cloud computing are the following :there is no need to download or install a specific software and update the local system, users or clients don’t afraid to the computing crashing, because everything is stored into cloud.the cost is low or even free ,like mobile phone or PDAs.the cloud

computing can be used.but everything has its short leg ,there are some disadvantages as well, like :it is hard to integrate with the existing in-house infrastructure.there are not

enough major suppliers in this field and so on.Some major Security benefits for individuals or companies, like the following: centralizing data storage ,increasing uncertainty,virtualization allows a rapid replacement of compromised server located into the cloud without major costs or damages.Today ,the information infrastructure is moving faster to a simple but very innovative concept called cloud computing.the cloud computing is potentially able to offer major security benefits.Key words :security ,cloud computing, advantages, benefits

云計算的安全優(yōu)勢

摘要：今天，我們可以很容易發(fā)現如何在互聯(lián)網的本質是從用于讀取網頁到一個環(huán)境，使用戶能夠運行應用軟件的地方改變。

如今，隨著網頁的發(fā)展，最新的網頁有多達網頁3.0，也稱為智能網，它是互聯(lián)網演進的下一階段。云是指互聯(lián)網。這個詞是從在互聯(lián)網上通常表示成網絡圖的方式獲得。目前的云計算架構涉及到能夠給客戶提供服務的數據中心的存在，位于人在世界。云計算的主要優(yōu)勢有以下幾點：無需下載或安裝一個特定的軟件和更新本地系統(tǒng)，用戶或客戶端不害怕的計算崩潰，因為一切都被存儲到云計算的成本低甚至免費，如移動電話或PDA。，云計算可以使用，但任何事物都有它的腿短，也有一些缺點，如：它是很難與現有的內部基礎設施的整合沒有足夠的主要供應商在這一領域等。

為個人或公司，如以下一些主要的安全優(yōu)勢：數據集中存儲，不確定性增加，虛擬化技術允許快速更換定位成云無重大費用或損失被攻陷服務器的今天，信息基礎設施正在快速地簡單，但。非常創(chuàng)新的概念，叫做云計算。云計算是潛在的能夠提供重大的安全利益。關鍵詞：安全，云計算，優(yōu)點，好處

Text 8

How Nanotechnology Works

Abstract:

At the begin of this article,it states that there are unprecedented multidisciplinary convergence scientists dedicated to the study of a world so small that we can’t see it—even with a light microscope and tells us the important of nanotechnology.Then in order to understand the unusual world of nanotechnology ,we need to get an idea of the units of measure involved.The long of one nanometer is so small.When we measure the atomic scale,we can find that it’s still small compare to the nannmeter.But in a lecture called “Small Wonders:The World of Nanoscience”,Nobel Prize winner Dr.Horst Stormer said that the nanoscale is more interstesting than the atomic scale because the nanoscale is the first point where we can assemble something—it’s not until we start putting atoms together that we can make anything useful.Then the article states that some predictions of nanotechnology such as the use of the rule of quantum mechanics,nanorobot.It

nanotechnology in future.Key words: nanotechnologyvalueapplication in future

Text 10

states that there great value in

Global Warming and Its Effects

Abstract:Global warming has been a global issue for many years now.However, the most prominent effect of global warming exists in the climate change over the past years.It causes the oceans warmer, the intensity of hurricanes amplifies in power and devastation.Another area affected by global warming is the animal kingdom and nature.The number of animals has been decreasing and the various disease has spread to new regions across the globe.A third type of evidence of global warming can be found in plants.The leading cause of global warming is the ongoing burning of fossil fuels, which releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.Although carbon dioxide largely harms the environment, the other greenhouse gases have a large impact in the atmosphere.Throughout the world, various nations have been joining to help prevent or slow the process of global warming.The issue of global warming affects nature, people, and the economy.Scientists directly link disease to global warming.When people are trying to get others involved in the cause, a common problem that arises is the lack of motivation.In conclusion, the world needs to put forth a stronger effort to prevent global warming.And the mitigation of global warming, we should do from ourselves, from the little things around.Key words: global warming，climate change，effect

全球變暖以及它的影響

摘要：現在全球變暖已經成為多年來的全球問題，然而，過去幾年來全球變暖最突出的影響體現在氣候變化上，它導致海洋變得更暖、颶

風的強度和力量更強、冰川融化等等。全球變暖影響的另一個領域是動物王國和自然，它導致動物的數量急劇減少、疾病的傳播更加廣。全球變暖的第三類證據可以在植物中找到。全球變暖的主要原因是不斷地燃燒化石燃料，這種燃燒會向大氣中釋放二氧化碳。不僅僅是二氧化碳，其它的溫室氣體也對大氣有很大影響。在全世界，不同國家一直在努力防止或減緩全球變暖的過程。這個問題影響到自然、人和經濟?？茖W家們直接把疾病和全球變暖聯(lián)系起來，當人們努力讓其他人參與到這項事業(yè)中，出現的一個共同問題是缺乏動力?？傊澜缧枰冻龈蟮呐σ苑乐谷蜃兣p緩全球變暖，我們應該從自己做起，從身邊的小事做起。

關鍵字：全球變暖，氣候變化，影響

Text 11

Risks of Nuclear Power Abstract：

The principal risks associated with nuclear power arise from health effects of radiation.The radiation mainly comes form the radioactive material.They can penetrate deep inside the human body where they can damage biological cells and thereby initiate a cancer.If they strike sex cells, they can cause genetic diseases in progeny.But the rate of the latter is far less than the former.Reactor accidents is also one of the risk of nuclear power.But the nuclear power plant design strategy for preventing accidents ,back-up system and mitigating their potential effects is “defence in depth”, so they happen

probability is exceedingly small.If they all fails,very high radiation doses can destroy body functions and lead to death within 60 days.The radioactive waste products from the nuclear industry must be isolated from contact with people for very long time periods.The bulk of the radioactivity is contained in the spent fuel, which is quite small in volume and therefore easily handled with great care.At other radiation problems，for example, exploitation of materials and transport of radioactive materials also produce radiation.The effects of routine releases of radioactivity from nuclear plants depend somewhat on how the spent fuel is handled.Key words：radiation，risks，reactor accidents，radioactive waste核電的風險 摘要： 核電的風險主要來自輻射對健康的危害，這些輻射主要來自于放射性材料。他們可以穿透人體深處,破壞生物細胞,從而引發(fā)癌癥；如果他們破壞生殖細胞,可能導致遺傳疾病。但是后者發(fā)生的概率遠小于前者。核反應堆事故也是核電的風險之一，由于具有縱深防御的策略，它們發(fā)生的幾率非常小。但是一旦發(fā)生，非常高的輻射劑量可以摧毀身體功能和在60天內導致死亡。核工業(yè)的放射性廢物必須與人隔離很長時間，放射性的大部分包含在乏燃料，而且體積小，因此非常容易處理。在其它輻射問題上，如在核材料的開采和放射性物質的運輸處理時也會產生輻射。但放射性物質從核電站釋放的對人類健康的影響在某種程度上取決于它的處理方式。

關鍵詞：輻射、風險、核反應堆事故、放射性廢品。

Text 15

Genetically Modified Foods---Feed the World?

Abstract: In fact, genetically modified foods are already very much a part of our lives.Although there are clearly some very real issues that need to be resolved.However, in developing countries which desperate to feed fast-growing and underfed populations, the issue is simpler: do the benefits of biotech outweigh the risks? There are nearly 800 million people around the world are undernourished.Biotech can also improve farming productivity in food shortages places.Many scientists believe biotech could raise overall crop productivity in developing countries as much as 25%.But in developing countries, poverty plays the largest role.Nor can biotech overcome the challenge of distributing food in developing countries.big companies are reluctant to share technology, people may not afford to buy the food too.More and more biotech research is being carried out in developing countries, and delivers biotech solutions for farmers in developing countries.Biotech is not a panacea, but it does promise to transform agriculture in many developing countries.If that promise is not fulfilled, the real losers will be their people.Key words :Biotech, agriculture, developing countries.轉基因食品----養(yǎng)活全世界的人？

文章摘要：事實上，轉基因食品已經成為我們生活重要的一部分。盡管還有一些非?，F實的問題需要解決。但在迫切想要養(yǎng)活其迅速增長的人口的發(fā)展中國家，問題比較簡單：生物技術的好處是否大于風險呢?世界上有近8億人口營養(yǎng)不良，而生物技術可以幫助提高因作物減產而出現食物匱乏的地區(qū)的農業(yè)生產率。許多科學家認為，生物技術能夠把發(fā)展中國家的農業(yè)總產量提高25％。然而在發(fā)展中國家，貧窮才是罪魁禍首。生物技術也無法克服在發(fā)展中國家分配糧食的難題，大公司不愿分享技術，人民也不一定買得起這些食物。發(fā)展中國家正在進行越來越多的生物技術研究，以幫助農民尋求生物技術方面的解決辦法。生物技術雖不是萬靈藥，但它確實有希望改造許多發(fā)展中國家的農業(yè)。如果這種希望不能實現，真正的受害者將是這些國家的人民。

關鍵詞：生物技術，農業(yè)，發(fā)展中國家。

第三篇：學術英語摘要評論

Main Process of Research on Parent-child Relationship 【Author】 CHEN Yan,CHEN Xin-yu

畢節(jié)學院學報 , Journal of Bijie University, 編輯部郵箱 2010年 05期

【Abstract】 Parent-Child Relationships is the first important connection of individual after birth.It in-fluenced the development of individual significantly.This paper discussed the main strides of Parent-Child Relationships research in the world from four topics which included: the period of parent-child conflict,the sexual interaction of parent-child,the influence of family structure,and psychical influence of parent-child relationship.It brings forward the local studies of parent-child relationship.Comment:Abstract is the summary of the paper.In this abstract,the author uses one sentence to introduce the significance of the parent-child relationship in the beginning.The second sentence is used to present the topic from four aspects.And the last sentence show the result of the research.The abstract is very short,however,I think,it did not include the process of the research,nor the background information.A STUDY ON JUNIOR MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTS’ RELATIONSHIP QUALITIES WITH

THEIR PARENTS 【Author】 Shi Wei, Zhang Jinfu, Huang Xiting(Department of psychology, Southwest China Normal University, Chongqing 400715)心理與行為研究 , Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 編輯部郵箱 2004年 01期【Abstract】 A questionnaire was used in this study to investigate 580 students’ relationship quality with their parents.The results showed:(1)The relationship qualities general features were that the relationship’s closeness was in high level, control was higher than average level, self-disclosure, autonomy and conflict were lower than average level, mutuality was in average level.(2)The relationships qualities have many facet significant developmental features, the second grade or/and the third grade is a special period.In the second grade, student-parent relationship’s self-disclosure begin to decline significantly relative to first grade, but insignificantly relative to third grade;autonomy begin to heighten up to third grade.In the third grade, student-parent relationship’s mutuality begin to decline significantly, conflict begin to increase significantly.(3)Many qualities of student-parent relationship are not only influenced by the student gender but also the parent gender, even the interaction of the student gender with the parent gender。

Comment:The first sentence is just a simple one ,but it tells us many things.It presents the topic of the paper.What is more,it also tells us the reseach method:through a questionnaire.Although the author don’t write how to use the questionnaire,it’s enough.The rest sentences illustrat the research result specific in different ways.On The Environment Factors that Affect Mental Health of Adolescence 【Author】 CHEN Hui – ping

北京青年政治學院學報 , Journal of Beijing Youth Politics College, 編輯部郵箱 2006年 01期

【Abstract】 Mental development of children comes to its zero hour in the period of juvenile(12-14)and preadolescence(14-18).Mentality quality that forged in this period affects the career of a person and the cause of a country.In recent years the topic of mental health of children received more and more public attention.From the point of system, exterior environment that affect mental health of adolescence include family, society, school, education of psychology and the view of world.However, the view of world is the key in the dnvironmental system.It is necessary to analysis the environmental factors, to recognize the important of them, and to know the problem of them.By this way, we can solve the psychology problem of adolescence effectively.Comment:The background information is introduced in sentence 1,2 and 3.And the author tells us the paper’s topic in sentence 4.The fifth sentence presents the investigation result.And the next sentence illustrates how the author get the result.The last sentence presents the contribution of the paper.

第四篇：英語摘要

1.U.S.Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius has apologized to the American people for the problems preventing many from signing up for（報名參加）health insurance coverage, as President Barack Obama said Wednesday the health care law is still the “strongest protector” for health care consumers。

2.I’m accountable to（對…..[人]有責任）you for fixing these problems。

3.I really have no idea whether or not I'll be offered a better plan,whether or not the government will help me subsidize（資助 vt.）it。

4.With recent elements of（少許，一些）his health care program under attack（受到攻擊；在攻擊之下）, President Obama has defended its promise。

5.The president promised millions of uninsured Americans that they could purchase comprehensive（綜合的；有理解力的）health insurance plans at affordable rates。

6.The international community（國際社會）has condemned its brutal tactics（殘忍的策略）of using chemical weapons and bombing schools, bakeries, hospitals, and refugee camps（難民營；難民收容所）.7.up to now到目前為止

8.Simply put, the world must act quickly and decisively（果斷地；決然地）to get life-saving assistance to the innocent（無辜的）civilians who are bearing the brunt of the civil war.9.He called for transparent（透明的，顯然的）justice a day before the start of the trial against the former president.10.Kerry says it is no secret that Egypt is going through difficult times following July's military-backed（軍方支持的）takeover, but he told officials here that President Obama is confident Egyptians will overcome those challenges.11.Kerry did not mention the former president by name（名字，名叫）but said it is important that civilians face civilian justice.12.The restaurant is hosting fundraising events(籌款活動)to help people left homeless by the storm.13.Pam Windle is the organization's regional vice president（副主席）.14.one person with conviction can make a change.

第五篇：2015年醫(yī)藥市場部學術工作計劃(摘要)

2015年市場部學術工作計劃

(摘要)現制定2015年的學術工作計劃如下：

一、集中力量，重點突破

1、重點科室，重點突破

⑵根據歷年來的市場情況，2015年選擇XXX科作為重點突破科室。XXX科是涉及功能器官的科室，對人體的影響比較大，患病后愈合緩慢，患者快速愈合、恢復正常生活的愿望比較強烈。同時，XXX科用藥的品種不是很多，競爭對手也相對較少，促進X X的應用是一個較好的機會。

⑶公司2015年對XXX科的科室會議予以重點的支持與獎勵。①新開發(fā)XXX科的，一場科室會議直接獎勵經銷商XXXX元； ②已經開發(fā)的，一場10名醫(yī)生以上的科會直接獎勵經銷商XXXX元。⑷針對XXX科的相關專業(yè)雜志，可加強一些合作，比如：投入專業(yè)廣告，加強對醫(yī)生的宣傳。

⑹針對XXX科開發(fā)得力，并取得積極成果的區(qū)域經理（以醫(yī)院流向單為準），公司給予適當的獎勵，如：

①一個月內成功開發(fā)三甲醫(yī)院XXX科5家的，獎勵XXXX元；

②一個月內成功開發(fā)三乙醫(yī)院XXX科5家的，獎勵XXXX元；

③一個月內成功開發(fā)其他醫(yī)院XXX科5家的，獎勵XXXX元；

④XXX科開發(fā)標準：用藥醫(yī)生≥5人，用藥量占醫(yī)院總量≥10%。

2、重點區(qū)域，重點突破

⑵廣東省作為公司的所在地，亦是全國藥品銷售的大省、一類市場，2015年首先選擇廣東省作為學術工作的重點市場，重點傾斜、集中力量把廣東省進行精耕細作。同時，也需要銷售部及大區(qū)經理的大力協(xié)助，保證每個一級經銷商每月最少4場醫(yī)院科室會，重點針對XXX科。

三、加強臨床觀察的研究

2、為了加強臨床觀察，應加強與醫(yī)院臨床醫(yī)生的合作，特別是一些有影響力的醫(yī)生，可以采取合作撰寫論文等方式，就X X的安全性、臨床應用方法、療效三個主要的方面進行臨床觀察，并整理成論文在專業(yè)雜志上公開發(fā)表。

3、每個臨床觀察的病例數不少于30例，觀察時間不少于3個月，必須是未公開發(fā)表的原創(chuàng)性論文，其方向涵蓋X X的所有臨床應用，可以包括：X X的不良反應、創(chuàng)面的不同使用方法比較、聯(lián)合用藥的方法及療效、與其他同類生長因子的療效比較、X X療效的影響因素觀察（清創(chuàng)、消毒劑等）、X X的用量與療效關系的觀察??

4、對于公開發(fā)表的論文，除由公司負責版面費、加急費等相關費用外，還可按照期刊的級別分別予以獎勵，如：

①國家級期刊論文獎勵X萬元；

②省級期刊論文獎勵X萬元；

③其他期刊論文獎勵X萬元??

5、為了保證臨床論文的地域分布廣泛，在區(qū)域內有一定影響力的醫(yī)生所撰寫的論文有更好的宣傳效果，銷售部大區(qū)經理應積極向區(qū)域內的醫(yī)生進行推薦，2015年的重點是XXX科醫(yī)生，每個省份2015年至少有2篇論文發(fā)表或進入發(fā)表程序。

6、舉行為期一年、針對XXX科的2015年“X X”全國有獎征文活動，論文除上述發(fā)表獎勵外，還可再次進行評獎，評選一、二、三等獎進行獎勵：

①一等獎1名，獎勵筆記本電腦一臺；

②二等獎3名，獎勵數碼相機一臺；

③三等獎5名，獎勵平板電腦一臺;

④優(yōu)秀獎若干，獎勵精美禮品一份。

四、加強產品培訓

1、加強科室會議

⑵2015年的醫(yī)院科室會以XXX科為主，其他科室為輔。⑶大區(qū)經理不能坐等經銷商提出進行科室會，而應主動對經銷商提出科室會的要求，每個一級經銷商每月最少3場醫(yī)院科室會，并制定切實可行的月度計劃。

⑷醫(yī)院科室會由經銷商與大區(qū)經理共同組織，市場部產品經理執(zhí)行。

2、加強經銷商培訓

⑴尤其要加強經銷商的一線臨床業(yè)務員的產品知識培訓，只有這樣把一線業(yè)務員培訓合格了，產品知識才能向醫(yī)生作出正確的傳達。

⑵大區(qū)經理必須直接跟蹤經銷商的一線臨床業(yè)務員，反復傳達產品知識。⑶由于經銷商的一線臨床業(yè)務員的流失率較高，大區(qū)經理必須隨時掌握情況，對新業(yè)務員進行集中、單獨的產品知識培訓。

五、加強展會平臺的宣傳與展示 2、2015年已經報名的全國藥品交易會有三場：

①2015年5月15日-17日，第73屆全國藥品交易會（上海）②2015年7月30日-8月1日，第50屆全國新特藥品交易會（成都）③2015年12月2日-4日，第74屆全國藥品交易會（廈門）

總之，2015年的學術工作將會繼續(xù)圍繞X X的安全性、X X的臨床療效、X X的臨床使用方法三個醫(yī)生最關注的問題來展開，以重點科室—XXX科為工作重心，以廣東省作為精耕細作的重點市場，努力把X X的學術工作提升到一個新高度，為全年的X X銷售大發(fā)展提供助力。