第一篇：孔子說 英文版(下)

禮之用，和為貴。有子說：“禮的應(yīng)用，以遇事和順為可貴。”

In conducting the rites, seeking harmony is the most valuable principle.里仁為美，擇不處仁，焉得知？ 孔子說：“選擇住處要選在風(fēng)俗淳美的地方，否則怎么能算明智呢？”

One should choose to dwell in such a place where there are men of benevolence.Otherwise, how can one be said to be wise?

名不正，則言不順?？鬃诱f：“名分不正，說話就不能順理成章?！?/p>

If names are not rectified, what is said will not sound reasonable.其身正，不令而行；其身不正，雖令不從?？鬃诱f：“執(zhí)政者行為端正，不發(fā)命令老百姓也會(huì)跟著走；執(zhí)政者行為不端正，縱三令五申老百姓也不會(huì)聽從。”

If the ruler acts properly, the common people will obey him without being ordered to;if the ruler does not act properly, the common people will not obey him ever after repeated injunctions.巧言令色，鮮矣仁！孔子說：“一貫花言巧語，偽裝和善的人，不會(huì)有什么仁慈。”

A man who speaks with honeyed words and pretends to be kind cannot be benevolent.巧言亂德?？鬃诱f：“花言巧語足以敗壞道德?！?Sweet words will ruin one’s virtue.群居終日，言不及義，好行小慧，難矣哉！

Those who spend the whole day long merely chatting idly, saying unreasonable things and parading their cleverness will accomplish little.人而無信，不知其可也?？鬃诱f：“一個(gè)人不講信用，怎么可以立身處世?！?/p>

How can one be acceptable without being trustworthy in words?

人莫不飲食也，鮮能知味也?？鬃诱f：“人人都喝水吃飯，卻很少有人能品嘗出其真正的滋味?！?/p>

Everyone drinks and eats, but few know the real taste of what has been drunk or eaten.人無遠(yuǎn)慮，必有近憂?？鬃诱f：“一個(gè)人如果沒有長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)打算，憂患很快就會(huì)出現(xiàn)。” Worries will soon appear if one gives no thought to a long-term plan.人一能之，己百之。人十能之，己千之?？鬃诱f：“別人用一份力氣可以做到的，自己要用百分的力氣去做。別人用十分力氣可以做 到的，自己要用千分的力氣去做?！?/p>

If others succeed by making one ounce of effort, I will make a hundred times as much effort;if others succeed by making ten times as much effort, I will make ten hundred times as much effort.仁者，人也，親親為大?？鬃诱f：“仁就是愛人的意思，愛自己的父母是最大的仁。”

Being benevolent means to love people.The greatest benevolence is to love one’s own parents.三軍可奪帥也，匹夫補(bǔ)課奪志也?？鬃诱f：“軍隊(duì)可以喪失主帥，一個(gè)人不可喪失志氣?！?/p>

An army may be deprived of its commanding officer, yet a man cannot be deprived of his will.三人行，必有我?guī)熝?。則其善者而從之，其不善者而改之?？鬃诱f：“有幾個(gè)人在一起走路，其中便一定有值得我學(xué)習(xí)的人。我選取那些優(yōu)點(diǎn)而學(xué)習(xí)，看出那些缺點(diǎn)而檢查改正?！?/p>

When walking in the company of other men, there must be one I can learn something from.I shall pick out his merits to follow and his shortcomings for reference to overcome my own.士不可以不弘毅，任重而道遠(yuǎn)。仁以為己任，不亦重乎？死而后已，不亦遠(yuǎn)乎？ 曾子說：“讀書人要?jiǎng)倧?qiáng)而有毅力，因?yàn)樗麄兗缲?fù)重任而前程遠(yuǎn)大。以實(shí)現(xiàn)仁德于天下，這擔(dān)子還不重嗎？為此目的，至死方休，這還不遙遠(yuǎn)嗎？”

Zeng Zi said, “A scholar must be resolute and steadfast, for his burden is heavy and his road is long.To practice the virtue of benevolence in the world is his burden.Is that not heavy? Only with death does his journey come to an end.Is that not long?”

士見危致命，見得思義。子張說：“讀書人遇到國(guó)家危難時(shí)肯獻(xiàn)出生命，不輕取不義之財(cái)。”

Zi Zhang said, “It is satisfactory for a gentleman to lay down his life when his country is in danger, and to keep in mind what is right in the face of gain.”

逝者如斯夫！不舍晝夜?？鬃诱驹诤舆吀袊@道：“過去的時(shí)光就像這河水一樣，日夜不停的流去?！?/p>

Standing by the side of a river, Confucius sighed, “Time is going on like this river, flowing away endlessly day and night.”

歲寒，然后知松柏之后凋也?？鬃诱f：“到了嚴(yán)寒的季節(jié)，才知道松柏樹是不落葉的?！?/p>

Only when the winter turns cold can we see that the leaves of pines and cypresses are the last to wither and fall.為政以德，譬如北辰居其所而群星共之?？鬃诱f：“執(zhí)政者如果用道德來治理國(guó)政，自己就會(huì)像北極星受群星環(huán)繞一樣受到百姓們的擁護(hù)。”

He who rules his state on a moral basis would be supported by the people, just as the Polar Star is enriched by all the other stars.溫故而知新，可以為師矣?？鬃诱f：“溫習(xí)學(xué)過的知識(shí)時(shí)，能從中獲得新知識(shí)的人，就可以做老師了?！?/p>

I f one is able to acquire new knowledge by reviewing old knowledge, he is qualified to be a tutor.我非生而知之者，好古，敏以求之者也?？鬃诱f：“我不是生來就有知識(shí)的人，而是由于愛好古代文化，靠了勤奮和敏捷求得知識(shí)的?！?I was not born with knowledge, but, being fond of ancient culture, I was eager to seek it through diligence.吾日三省吾身：為人謀而不忠乎？與朋友教而不信乎？傳而不習(xí)乎？ 曾子說：“我每天都再三反省自己：為別人辦事是否盡心竭力了呢？同朋友交往是否以誠(chéng)相待了呢？老師教的功課是否用心復(fù)習(xí)了呢？”

Zeng Zi(a disciple of Confucius’)said, “Every day I examine myself once and again: Have I tried my utmost to help others? Have I been honest to my friends? Have I diligently reviewed the instructions from the Master?”

吾十有五而志于學(xué)，三十而立，四十而不惑，五十而知天命，六十而耳順，七十而從心所欲，不逾矩?？鬃诱f：“我十五歲有志于做學(xué)問。三十歲立身處世站穩(wěn)了腳跟；四十歲掌握了各種知識(shí)遇事不迷惑；五十歲知道了上天賦予了自己的使命；六十歲對(duì)別人的話能辨別是非曲直；七十歲即使隨心所欲也不會(huì)有越規(guī)的行為?！?/p>

Confucius said, “Since the age of fifteen, I have devoted myself to learning;since thirty, I have been well established;since forty, I have understood many things and have no longer been confused;since fifty, I have known my heaven-sent duty;since sixty, I have been able to distinguish right and wrong in other people’s words;and since seventy, I have been able to do what I intend freely without breaking the rules.”

無欲速，無見小利。欲速則不達(dá)，見小利則大事不成。孔子說：“做事不要圖快，不要貪圖小利。一味圖快反而達(dá)不到目的，貪圖小利就辦不成大事。”

Do not make haste;do not covet small gains.If you make haste, you cannot reach your goal;if you covet small gains, your efforts will not culminate in great achievements.小不忍，則亂大謀。孔子說：“小事上不能忍耐，就會(huì)壞了大事?！?/p>

Lack of patience in small matters will bring destruction to overall plans.性相近也，習(xí)相遠(yuǎn)也?？鬃诱f：“人的本性都差不多，只是由于習(xí)俗不同，便相距越來越遠(yuǎn)了?！?/p>

Men are similar to one another by nature.They diverge gradually as a result of different customs.學(xué)而不思則罔，思而不學(xué)則殆?？鬃诱f：“只讀書不思考，就不會(huì)分析。只空想不讀書就不明事理?！? It throws one into bewilderment to read without thinking whereas it places one in jeopardy to think without reading.學(xué)而不厭，誨人不倦?？鬃诱f：“學(xué)習(xí)努力而不滿足，教導(dǎo)別人不知疲倦?！?/p>

Study hard and never contented, and never be tired of teaching others.學(xué)而時(shí)習(xí)之，不亦說乎？有朋自遠(yuǎn)方來，不亦樂乎？人不知，而不慍，不亦君子乎？ 孔子說：“對(duì)學(xué)過的知識(shí)按時(shí)去實(shí)習(xí)它，不也是很好的事嗎？有朋友自遠(yuǎn)方來，不是很快樂的事嗎？不為別人不了解自己而抱怨，不是很有修養(yǎng)的君子風(fēng)度嗎？”

Confucius said, “Is it not a pleasure after all to practice in due time what one has learnt? Is it not a delight after all to have friends come from afar? Is it not a gentleman after all who will not take offence when others fail to appreciate him?”

言顧行，行顧言?？鬃诱f：“說話要照顧到行動(dòng)，行動(dòng)要照顧到說話?！?/p>

When a man speaks, he should think of his acts;when he acts, he should think of what he said.一張一弛，文武之道也。孔子說：“有緊有松，才是周文王、武王治理國(guó)家的辦法?！?/p>

The principle of kings Wen andWu was to alternate tension with relaxation.益者三樂，損者三樂。樂節(jié)禮樂，樂道人之善，樂多賢友，益矣。樂驕樂，樂佚樂，損矣。孔子說：“有益的快樂有三種，有害的快樂也有三種。以得到禮樂的調(diào)節(jié)為快樂，以宣揚(yáng)別人的長(zhǎng)處為快樂，以多交賢良的朋友為快樂，這是有益的快樂。以尊貴驕傲為快樂，以盡情游蕩為快樂，以吃吃喝喝為快樂，這是有害的快樂。”

There are three kinds of beneficial pleasure.Equally there are three kinds of harmful pleasure.The three beneficial kinds include: to prepare for the rites and music;to give publicity to others’ good qualities;to make friends with those who are virtuous.The three harmful kinds are as follows: to be arrogant about one’s position;to loiter to one’s heat’s content;and to indulge in food and drink.益者三友，損者三友。友直，友諒，友多聞，益矣。友便辟，友善柔，友便佞，損矣?？鬃诱f：“交朋友有三種人可以交，有三種人不可以交。同正直的人、誠(chéng)實(shí)的人、廣見博聞的人交朋友，是有益的。同諂媚奉承的人、當(dāng)面恭維背后毀謗的人、夸夸其談的人并無真才實(shí)學(xué)的人交朋友，是有害的?！?/p>

There are three kinds of people one may make friends with.Equally, there are three kinds of people one should not make friends with.It is beneficial for one to make friends with those who are upright, honest, and erudite.It is harmful for one to make friends with those who today, those who flatter people but slander them behind their backs, those who brag but are not erudite at all.有德者必有言，有言者不必有德?？鬃诱f：“道德高尚的人一定會(huì)有有益的名言傳世，但有名言傳世的人不一定都是道德高尚的人?！?/p>

A virtuous man must have said something of note;but someone who has said something of note is not necessarily a man of virtue.有教無類?？鬃诱f：“我對(duì)凡來求學(xué)的人，都無區(qū)別地加以教育。” In educating people, I treat everyone the same.Note: This could also be translated as: “Everyone is entitled to be educated.”

愚而好自用，賤而好自專?？鬃诱f：“愚笨的人卻喜歡自作聰明，卑賤的人卻喜歡自作主張?！?/p>

A foolish man likes to think himself clever and a man in low post likes to take liberties to make decisions on his own.朝聞道，夕死可矣?？鬃诱f：“早晨學(xué)得真理，當(dāng)天晚上死掉也不后悔?！?/p>

If one learns the truth in the morning, one would never regret dying the same evening.知之為知之，不知為不知，是知也?？鬃诱f：“懂就說懂，不懂就說不懂，才是聰明人。”

If you understand what you learn, say you do;if not, say you do not.Only then are you an intelligent man.知之者不如好知者，好知者不如樂知者?？鬃诱f：“懂得學(xué)業(yè)的人不如喜愛學(xué)業(yè)的人，喜愛學(xué)業(yè)的人不如以從事學(xué)業(yè)為快樂的人?！?To be fond of knowledge is better than merely to acquire it;to take delight in it is still better than merely to be fond of it.知者不惑，仁者不憂，勇者不懼?？鬃诱f：“聰明人不受欺騙，品德高尚的人沒有憂慮，勇敢的人無所畏懼?！?/p>

A wise man is never cheated, a virtuous man is never worried and a courageous man is never afraid.知者不失人，亦不失言?？鬃诱f：“聰明人不會(huì)失人，也不會(huì)失言?！?/p>

A wise man shall not let a man slip into uselessness, nor shall be waste his words.知者樂水，仁仁者樂山。知者動(dòng)，仁者靜。知者樂，仁者壽。孔子說：“聰明人喜歡水，有仁德的人喜愛山。聰明人好動(dòng)，有仁德的人好靜。聰明人生活快樂，有仁德的人能享高壽?！?/p>

The wise take delight in water, the benevolent in mountains.The wise are active while the benevolent are still.The wise enjoy life while the benevolent achieve longevity.志士仁人，無求生以害仁，有殺身以成仁?？鬃诱f：“志士仁人，沒有貪生怕死而損害仁德的，只有犧牲自己而成全仁德。”

A man of benevolence and lofty ideals should not, at the expense of benevolence, cling cravenly to life instead of braving death.He will, on the contrary, lay down his life for the accomplishment of benevolence.志于道，據(jù)于德，依于仁，游于藝。孔子說：“志向在道，根據(jù)在德，依靠在仁，游習(xí)于六藝之中?！?/p>

Stick to the way to your goal, base yourself on virtue, lean upon benevolence, and take your recreation in the six arts(i.e.music, the rites, archery, carriage driving, classic books and arithmetic.)

質(zhì)勝文則野，文勝質(zhì)則史。文質(zhì)彬彬，然后君子?？鬃诱f：“一個(gè)人樸實(shí)多于文采，就未免顯得粗俗，如果文采多于樸實(shí)，就未免顯得虛浮，文采和樸實(shí)配合適當(dāng)，這才是君子風(fēng)度?！?/p>

One would seem uncouth with more simplicity than refinement, and seem superficial with more refinement than simplicity.Only when these two qualities are well-balanced can one become a real gentleman.中人以上，可以語上也；中人以下，不可以語上也?？鬃诱f：“對(duì)具有中等接受水平以上的人，可以傳授高深知識(shí)；對(duì)中等水平以上的人，不可以傳授高深知識(shí)?！?/p>

Advanced knowledge can be transmitted to those who are above the average, but never to those who are below the average.主忠信，無友不如己者。過則勿憚改?？鬃诱f：“要重道德，慎交友，有過錯(cuò)，隨時(shí)改正?！?/p>

A gentleman should pay great attention to loyalty and sincerity, and not make close friends with those morality is inferior to this.If he makes a mistake, he should not be afraid of correcting it.自古皆有死，民無信不立?？鬃诱f：“自古以來，人都會(huì)死的。如果失去人民對(duì)政府的信任這一項(xiàng)，也就失去了立國(guó)之本了?！?/p>

Man has been destined to die since time immemorial.But if people close their trust in the government then the country has lost its basis.《孔子說》 蔡希勤

北京：華語教學(xué)出版社

2006

第二篇：孔子英文

孔子：Confucius

1、性相近也，習(xí)相遠(yuǎn)也。

By nature, men are nearly alike;by practice, they get to be wide apart.2、過而不改，是謂過矣。

Not to mend the fault one has made is to err indeed.3、己所不欲，勿施于人。

What you do not want done to yourself, do not do to others.4、言必信，行必果。

Keep what you say and carry out what you do.5、君子以文會(huì)友，以友輔仁。

The superior man on grounds of culture meets with his friends, and by their friendship helps his virtue.6、三軍可奪師也，匹夫不可奪志也。

The commander of the forces of a large State may be carried off, but the will of even a common man cannot be taken from him.后生可畏，焉知來者之不如今也？

A youth is to be regarded with respect.How do you know that his future will not be equal to our present?

7、有朋自遠(yuǎn)方來，不亦樂乎？

Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters?

8、人不知而不慍，不亦君子乎？

Is he not a man of complete virtue, who feels no discomposure though men may take no note of him?

9、父在，觀其志。父沒，觀其行。三年無改于父之道，可謂孝矣。

While a man's father is alive, look at the bent of his will;when his father is dead, look at his conduct.If for three years he does not alter from the way of his father, he may be called filial.10、不患人之不己知，患不知人也。

I will not be afflicted at men's not knowing me;I will be afflicted that I do not know men.11、詩(shī)三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思無邪。

In the Book of Poetry are three hundred pieces, but the design of them all may be embraced in one sentence--“Having no depraved thoughts.”

12、關(guān)睢樂而不淫，哀而不傷。

The Kwan Tsu is expressive of enjoyment without being licentious, and of grief without being hurtfully excessive.13、父母在，不遠(yuǎn)游，游必有方。

While his parents are alive, the son may not go abroad to a distance.If he does go abroad, he must have a fixed place to which he goes.

第三篇：孔子說 英文版

不聽老人言，吃虧在眼前。

If an old dog barks, he gives counsel.愛之，能勿勞乎？忠焉，能勿誨乎？

孔子說：“愛他，就不能讓他貪圖安逸。忠于他，就不能不對(duì)他進(jìn)行教誨?！?/p>

Confucius said, “To love him means not to let him indulge in comfort;to be loyal to him means to teach him.”

飽食終日，無所用心，難矣哉！

孔子說：“整天吃飽飯沒事干的人，不會(huì)有什么出息?！?/p>

He who always has full stomach but does nothing meaningful is simply a good-for-nothing.博學(xué)于文，約之以禮，亦可以弗畔矣夫！

孔子說：“君子廣泛地學(xué)習(xí)文化典藏，并用禮來約束自己，就可避免離經(jīng)叛道了?！?/p>

A gentleman will not go astray so long as he studies extensively and regulates himself with the rites.不憤不啟，不悱不發(fā)。

孔子說：“我教學(xué)生的方法是：不到他們苦思冥想也不能明白的時(shí)候，不去開導(dǎo)他們；不到他們心里想說又總說不明白的時(shí)候，不去啟發(fā)他們。”

I will not enlighten my students until they have really tried hard but failed to understand.I will not instruct them until they have something to say but fail to make themselves understood.不患人之不己知，患其不能也。

孔子說：“不怕別人不了解自己，就怕自己沒有真才實(shí)學(xué)?！钡?、Do not worry that your abilities are not appreciated.Just make sure that you possess them.不患無位,患所以立。

孔子說：“不愁沒有職位，只愁沒有任職的本領(lǐng)?！?/p>

Don’t worry about having no official position, but do worry about your ability to fulfill a post.不義而富且貴,于我如浮云.孔子說:”用不正當(dāng)?shù)氖侄蔚脕淼母毁F,對(duì)我來說就像浮云一樣.” Ill-gotten wealth and rank are just like fleeting clouds to me.不在其位，不謀其政。

Do not get involved in the government affairs that are not your responsibility.大德不逾閑，小德出入可也。

子夏說：“人在大節(jié)上不能超越界限，在小節(jié)上有些出入是應(yīng)當(dāng)允許的?！?/p>

Zi Xia said, “As long as one does not step out of bounds in big matters, it is permissible for one not to be meticulous.”

當(dāng)仁，不讓于師。

孔子說：“面臨仁德時(shí)，不必讓老師先行?！?/p>

In the face of benevolence, do not give precedence even to your teacher.道不同，不相為謀。

孔子說：“政治主張不同，不互相探討謀劃?！?/p>

People who follow different political paths do not take counsel with one another.道之以政，齊之以刑，民免而無恥；道之以德，齊之以禮，有恥且格。

孔子說：“靠行政命令和刑罰來制約人民，老百姓只知避免犯罪遭刑罰而不會(huì)有廉恥之心；如果用道德和禮教來引導(dǎo)人民，老百姓不僅知道犯罪是恥辱的事情，而且能自己改正錯(cuò)誤?！?Regulated by the edicts and punishments, people will know only how to stay out of trouble but will not have a sense of shame.Guided by virtues and the rites, they will not only have a sense of shame but also know how to correct their mistakes of their own accord.德不孤，必有鄰?？鬃诱f：“有道德的人是不會(huì)孤立的，一定會(huì)有志同道合者相從。”

A man of virtue can never be isolated.He is sure to have like-minded companions.弟子，入則孝，出則悌，謹(jǐn)而信，泛愛眾而親仁?？鬃诱f：“少年在家里孝順父母，敬愛兄長(zhǎng)，做事謹(jǐn)慎認(rèn)真，說話誠(chéng)實(shí)，博愛大眾而親近有仁德的人?！?/p>

At home, a young man should be dutiful towards his parents;going outside, he should be respectful towards his elders;he should be cautious in deeds and trustworthy in words;he should love everyone yet make close friends only with those of benevolence.發(fā)憤忘食，樂以忘憂，不知老之將至云爾。

（葉公向子路問孔子的為人，子路不知如何回答）孔子對(duì)子路說：“你為什么不這樣說：他的為人，發(fā)奮用功便忘記吃飯，快樂便忘記憂愁，不曉得衰老會(huì)要到來，如此而已?！?The Duke of Ye asked Zi Lu about Confucius, Zi Lu failed to give a reply.Confucius said to him afterwards, “Why did you not say something like this: He is the sort of person who can be so diligent that he forgets his meals, so happy that he forgets his worries and is even unaware of approaching old age.”

父母在，不遠(yuǎn)游，游必有方?？鬃诱f：“父母在堂，不出遠(yuǎn)門，如必須外出，一定要讓父母知道去處。”

When one’s parents are live, one should not go far away.If one has to, one should tell them where one is going.父母之年，不可不知也。一則以喜，一則以懼?？鬃诱f：“父母的年齡（生日）不能不時(shí)時(shí)記到心里。一方面為他們長(zhǎng)壽而高興，另一方面為他們又老一歲而憂慮。”

One must always keep in mind one’s parents’ birthdays.One the hand, one is glad to offer birthday congratulations;on the other, one is worried to see they grow one year older.富而可求也，雖執(zhí)鞭之士，吾亦為之。孔子說：“財(cái)富如果來路正當(dāng)，就是替人執(zhí)鞭的下等差役我也可以干。” I would pursue wealth so long as it could be obtained legitimately, even by being a common cart driver.富與貴，是人之所欲也；不以其道得之，不處也。貧與賤，是人之所惡也；不以其道得之，不去也。孔子說：“金錢和地位，這是人人都想得到的，但君子不會(huì)用不正當(dāng)?shù)姆椒ǖ玫剿?。貧窮和下賤，這是人人都厭惡的，但君子不會(huì)用不正當(dāng)?shù)姆椒〝[脫它。”

Everyone desires money and high position, but a gentleman would not accept them unless he got them in a right way.Everyone hates poverty and low status, but a gentleman would not get rid of them in an unjust way.工欲善其事，必先利其器。孔子說：“工匠要想做好他的工作，一定要先準(zhǔn)備好他的工具?！?/p>

A craftsman must prepare his tools beforehand in order to do his work well.躬自厚而薄責(zé)于人，則遠(yuǎn)怨矣?？鬃诱f：“多自責(zé)而少責(zé)備于人，自然就可以避免怨恨了?！?/p>

Being strict with oneself and lenient to others is sure to save one from ill will.古者言之不出，恥躬之不逮也。孔子說：“古人不輕易說大話，因?yàn)榕伦约赫f得出而做不到?！?/p>

In ancient times, people didn’t say things lightly, as they would be ashamed not to be able to match up to their words.過而不改，是謂過亦?？鬃诱f：“有過錯(cuò)不改正，才是真錯(cuò)?！?/p>

Not to correct the mistake one has made is to err indeed.過猶不及?？鬃诱f：“過頭和達(dá)不到是一樣的?！?/p>

Going to far and not going far enough are equally bad.好學(xué)近乎知，力行近乎仁，知恥近乎勇。孔子說：“好學(xué)足以破愚所以接近于智慧，身體力行足以忘私所以接近于仁愛，知恥足以起懦所以接近于勇敢?！?/p>

To be eager to learn indicates wisdom because it may eliminate stupidity.To practice what one knows indicates benevolence because it makes one selfless.To have a sense of shame indicates courage because it clears one of cowardice.后生可畏，焉知來者之不如今也？ 孔子說：“年輕人是大有作為的，誰能斷定他們將來不如我們這一代呢？”

Young people have great potential for achievements.Who can say that they will not be our equals in the future?

已所不欲，勿施于人。孔子說：“自己不想做的事情，就不要加給別人?！?Do not impose upon others what you do not desire yourself.見善如不及，見不善如探湯?？鬃诱f：“追求善良，要爭(zhēng)先恐后；避開邪惡，要像開水燙手一樣急迫。”

Striving to be the first and fearing to lag behind when seeking goodness;retreating as quickly as if hurt by boiling water when avoiding vices.見賢思齊焉，見不賢而內(nèi)省也?？鬃诱f：“遇見才德好的人，就應(yīng)該向他看齊，遇到無德才的人，就應(yīng)反省自己有沒有和他同樣的毛病?！?/p>

When you meet a man of virtue, learn from him.When you meet a man without virtue, examine yourself to see if you have the same defects as he has.敬鬼神而遠(yuǎn)之，可謂知矣?？鬃诱f：“對(duì)鬼神采取敬而遠(yuǎn)之的態(tài)度，可以算是聰明了?！?/p>

If one respects the spirits of the dead and the gods while keeping them at a distance, then he can be called wise.君子不器?？鬃诱f：“君子應(yīng)有廣博的知識(shí)?！?/p>

A gentleman should not be like a utensil.(He should have broad knowledge and not be confined to one use.)

君子不以言舉人，不以人廢言。孔子說：“執(zhí)政者不因人說好聽的話就提拔他們，也不因他是壞人就鄙棄他說過的正確的話?！?A gentleman does not promote a man whose words are pleasant to his ear, neither does he distain his correct words for he is an unpleasant man.君子恥其言而過其行?？鬃诱f：“君子以說得多，做得少為恥辱。”

A gentleman takes it as a disgrace to let his words outstrip his deeds。

君子成人之美，不成人之惡?？鬃诱f：“君子成全別人的好事，不去促成別人的壞事?！?/p>

A gentleman helps others fulfill good deeds and never helps them in bad deeds.君子固窮，小人窮斯濫矣?？鬃诱f：“君子雖遇窮困，但能堅(jiān)持，小人一遇窮困就胡作非為了?！?/p>

When gentleman become impoverished, they can still persevere in virtue;when petty men are impoverished, they will act in defiance of virtue.君子和而不同，小人同而不和。孔子說：“君子將有原則的團(tuán)結(jié)而不盲從附和，小人只是盲從附和而不講原則?！? A gentleman unites with people of principle and never follows others blindly.A petty man follows others blindly without regard to principle.君子謀道而不謀食。君子說：“君子用心力于學(xué)術(shù)思想體系的研究，不用心力于謀求衣食?！?/p>

A gentleman devotes himself to studying the academic system of ideology instead of seeking food and clothing.君子求諸己，小人求諸人。孔子說：“君子嚴(yán)格要求自己，小人苛刻要求別人?！?/p>

A gentleman sets strict demands on himself while petty man sets strict demands on others.君子去仁，惡乎成名？君子無終食之間違仁，造次必于是，顛沛必于是。孔子說：“君子離開了認(rèn)得還怎么稱得上君子呢？君子在任何時(shí)候都不會(huì)忘記實(shí)行仁德?！?How can one be called a gentleman if one betrays benevolence? Under no circumstances should a gentleman forget to practice benevolence.君子食無求飽，居無求安，敏于事而慎于言，就有道而正焉，可謂好學(xué)也已?？鬃诱f：“君子吃飯不求飽足，居住不求舒適，辦事敏捷，說話謹(jǐn)慎，向得道之人學(xué)習(xí)以改正自己的缺點(diǎn)，這樣就可以說是好學(xué)了?！?/p>

A gentleman seeks neither a full belly nor a comfortable home.Instead, he is quick in action yet cautious in speech.He learns from virtuous and accomplished men in order to correct his mistakes.Such can be called a man with eagerness to study.君子坦蕩蕩，小人長(zhǎng)戚戚。孔子說：“君子心胸坦蕩，小人憂心忡忡。”

A gentleman is always broad-minded while a petty man is always full of anxiety.君子泰而不驕，小人驕而不泰?？鬃诱f：“君子心情平和而不傲慢，小人傲慢而心情不平和。”

A gentleman always keeps even-tempered without being arrogant while a petty man is arrogant without being even-tempered.君子以文會(huì)友，以友輔仁。曾子說：“君子用文章學(xué)問聚會(huì)朋友，藉朋友幫助培養(yǎng)仁德?！?/p>

Zeng Zi said, “A gentleman makes friends through his learning and cultivates virtue and benevolence through those friends.”

君子憂道而不憂貧?？鬃诱f：“君子憂慮的事天下有道無道，而不是物質(zhì)生活的貧窮?！?/p>

What a gentleman worries about is not poverty but if there are right principles throughout the country.君子有九思：初思明，聽思聰，色斯溫，貌思恭，言思忠，事思敬，疑思問，忿思難，見得思義?？鬃诱f：“君子要考慮九件事：看的時(shí)候，要考慮是否看明白了。聽的時(shí)候，要考慮是否挺清楚了。臉上的顏色，要考慮是否溫和。容貌態(tài)度，要考慮是否端莊。與人交談，要考慮是否誠(chéng)懇。對(duì)待工作，要考慮是否認(rèn)真負(fù)責(zé)。遇到疑難，要考慮如何向人請(qǐng)教。將要發(fā)怒時(shí)，要考慮會(huì)有什么后患。要得到什么，先要考慮是否應(yīng)該得到。”

A gentleman concentrates on the following nine things: seeing clearly when he uses his eyes;hearing acutely when he uses his ears;looking mild when it comes to facial expression;appearing sedate when it comes to demeanor;being sincere when he speaks;being conscientious when it comes to his office responsibility;seeking advice when he is in the face of difficulty;foreseeing the consequences when he gets angry;asking himself whether it is right when he wants to gain something.君子有三戒：少之時(shí)，血?dú)馕炊?，戒之在色；及其壯也，血?dú)夥絼?，戒之在斗；及其老也，血?dú)饧人?，戒之在得。孔子說：“君子有三件事要警惕：年少時(shí)，血?dú)膺€沒有穩(wěn)定，要警惕貪戀女色；到了壯年，血?dú)庹?，要警惕?zhēng)強(qiáng)好斗；到了老年，血?dú)庖呀?jīng)衰竭，要警惕貪得無厭?！?/p>

A gentleman should maintain vigilance against three things: In youth when the vital spirits are not yet settled, he should be on guard against lusting for feminine beauty;in the prime of life when the vital spirits are exuberant, he should be on guard against being bellicose;in old age when the vital spirits are on the decline, he should be on guard against insatiable avarice.君子欲訥于言而敏于行?？鬃诱f：“君子應(yīng)該說話謹(jǐn)慎，做事勤勞敏捷。”

A gentleman should be careful in speech and quick to act.君子之過也，如日月之食焉。過也，人皆見之；更也，人皆仰之。子貢說：“執(zhí)政者的過錯(cuò)，好比日蝕月蝕一樣掛在天上，對(duì)他的過錯(cuò)，人人都能看見；改正之后，大家更敬仰他?！?/p>

Zi Gong said, “The gentleman’s errors are like an eclipse of the sun and the moon;the whole world will see it when he errs, and he will be respected by all when he mends his ways.”

君子貞而不諒?？鬃诱f：“君子重信義而不拘小節(jié)?！?/p>

A gentleman pays attention to faithfulness rather than small matters.苛政猛于虎。孔子說：“苛稅暴政之傷民甚于虎也。” Tyranny is more cruel than a tiger.克己復(fù)禮為仁。一日克己復(fù)禮，天下歸仁焉。（顏淵問老師什么是仁）孔子說：“克制自己的言行合于禮就是仁。一旦能做到這樣，人們就會(huì)承認(rèn)你是仁人了?！?/p>

(Yan Yuan asked what benevolence was.)Confucius said, “One who restrains himself in order to observe the rites is benevolence.Once you can do this, you will be unanimously considered a man of benevolence.”

老者安之，朋友信之，少者懷之?？鬃诱f：“我愿老年人得到安逸，朋友們相互信任，少年人得到關(guān)懷?！?/p>

I wish for the old to live in peace and comfort, friends to trust each other and the young to be taken good care of.摘自《孔子說》 蔡希勤

北京：華語教學(xué)出版社

2006

第四篇：孔子說廉

孔子說廉之一：政者，正也

孔子說：“政者，正也，子帥以正，孰敢不正？”（《論語〃顏淵》）意謂做官，就是首先端正自己，你自己端正了，誰還敢不端正？

這是魯國(guó)執(zhí)政季康子問政于孔子，孔子回答的話。魯哀公十一年（前484年），孔子結(jié)束了周游列國(guó)的生活，回到魯國(guó)。魯國(guó)大權(quán)在握的季康子遵照其父季桓子“相魯，必召孔子”（《史記〃孔子世家》）的遺囑，花錢把孔子請(qǐng)回國(guó)內(nèi)，不時(shí)找他問政，這是其中一次。

回到魯國(guó)后，年輕的哀公也問孔子：“請(qǐng)問怎樣才能把政事治理好？”孔子也從正己的角度作了回答：“政者，正也。君為正，則百姓從正矣。君之所為，百姓之所從也。君所不為，百姓何從？”（《禮記〃哀公問》）他認(rèn)為國(guó)家的管理者行得端、做得正，人民就有了方向，也跟著正道直行。如果管理者心術(shù)不正、行事不正，百姓怎么能遵守秩序和法律，怎么能正道直行？

身正不怕影子斜。身正，心里沒鬼，說話辦事方顯浩然之氣，自然有人愿意服從。不正，心里總是有鬼，說話辦事老讓人覺得賊頭賊腦，豈能讓人心服口服？

孟子說：“枉己者，未有能直人者也?！保ā睹献印墓隆罚┤烁衽で?、行為乖張的人不可能引導(dǎo)別人做到行為正派。他提出“正己而物正”（《孟子〃盡心上》）的要求，意謂自己正了，所行的事也就正了?；疖嚺艿每?，全靠車頭帶。

儒家強(qiáng)調(diào)正己修身的立論基礎(chǔ)，是以個(gè)人為開端。在個(gè)人、家庭、國(guó)家一連串的關(guān)系中，個(gè)人“正心、修身”是起始，從這個(gè)點(diǎn)劃出一條射線，向外延伸，接著是“齊家”，接著是“治國(guó)”，最后是“平天下”；“正心、修身”也是中心，中心確定了，從己身這個(gè)主體到家國(guó)天下，畫出的是一個(gè)個(gè)同心圓，圓半徑的大小則取決于天命。也就是孟子說的“得志，與民由之；不得志，獨(dú)行其道”。

2003年，時(shí)任德國(guó)總統(tǒng)約翰內(nèi)斯〃勞訪問南京，在其精彩的演講中，他引用孔子“政者正也”、“居之無倦，行之以忠”等精辟名言，使得聽講者驚詫不已。他說，這兩句話“德國(guó)人或許可以將其理解為是對(duì)執(zhí)政者依法治國(guó)的一種告誡”。他還說：“我們贊嘆中國(guó)，贊嘆其古老的文化和五千年悠久的歷史。中國(guó)的先哲孔子在德國(guó)也廣為人知。時(shí)至今日，他的至理名言依然能給人以啟迪?！?/p>

孔子說廉之二：茍子之不欲，雖賞之不竊

孔子說：“茍子之不欲，雖賞之不竊！”（《論語〃顏淵》）意謂假如你們當(dāng)官的沒有貪財(cái)?shù)挠?，就是?jiǎng)賞偷盜，老百姓也不會(huì)去偷盜！

孔子周游列國(guó)回到魯國(guó)后，魯國(guó)執(zhí)政季康子苦于盜賊太多，請(qǐng)教孔子該如何治理，孔子講了這兩句話。

孔子的回答，并非就事論事，而是獨(dú)具慧眼，透過現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)，引出為官者清正廉潔方面的問題——認(rèn)為把貪污腐敗問題治理好了，盜賊問題也就隨之平息了。他說：“天下有道，盜其先變乎！”（《荀子〃正論》）意謂天下政治清明，盜賊就會(huì)率先改變自己！

孔子周游列國(guó)14年能回來，是弟子冉有給季康子提出的建議，然后魯國(guó)“以幣迎孔子”（《史記〃孔子世家》），使得孔子回到了母國(guó)。此時(shí)的孔子，雖身無一職，但終因桃李滿天下，加之不少弟子又在康子手下任職，所以，魯國(guó)當(dāng)權(quán)者都把他當(dāng)“國(guó)老”（《左傳〃哀公十一年》），對(duì)他倍加敬重。因此當(dāng)康子請(qǐng)教如何治理遍布魯國(guó)的偷盜問題時(shí)，孔子不留情面，抓住了關(guān)鍵，擊中了要害。

子貢做了官，孔子告誡他：“臨官莫如平，臨財(cái)莫如廉，廉平之守，不可攻也。”（《說苑〃政理》）一個(gè)為官公平，再加上一個(gè)廉潔，把這兩條做到了，在這個(gè)世界上，沒人能打倒你。

世間凡是倒臺(tái)的，都是自己打倒自己的。按正道行事，不貪不占，光明磊落，又有誰能打倒你？大凡因貪污受賄而淪為階下囚的，他們?nèi)鄙俚牟皇墙?jīng)世致用的本事，而是無欲則剛的信念。

當(dāng)年齊國(guó)鬧旱災(zāi)，春天沒有食物可吃，餓死了不少人。齊景公找到孔子求對(duì)策，孔子說：“遭遇饑荒之年，國(guó)君應(yīng)乘劣馬駕馭的馬車，祭祀只用下等的牲畜?！保ā抖Y記〃雜記下》）提出用這種辦法，縮減政府開支，控制鋪張浪費(fèi)，從而救民于水火。

大旱之年，百姓連飯都吃不上，救民如救火，作為一國(guó)之君，倘若還在花天酒地而不拯救百姓，君位還能保住嗎？

孔子九世孫孔鮒做了60年的官，他在講到為官之道時(shí)說：“一人善射，百夫決拾。”（《孔叢子〃答問》），意謂一個(gè)人善于射箭，就有一百個(gè)人爭(zhēng)著效仿他——這講的是為上者的表率作用。

孔子說：“上者，民之表也，表正則何物不正？”（《大戴禮記〃主言》）意謂居于上位的君臣，是民眾的表率，表率正了還有什么不正呢？

孔子說廉之三：欲而不貪

孔子說：“君子惠而不費(fèi)，勞而不怨，欲而不貪，泰而不驕，威而不猛?！保ā墩撜Z〃堯曰》）

意謂君子為政惠民，不勞民傷財(cái)；讓民眾做事，但并不被怨恨；有欲望，但不貪婪；泰然，但不傲慢；威嚴(yán)，但不兇猛。

這是回答子張問政時(shí)講的話。

作為君子治政的五種美德，“惠而不費(fèi)”，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是為政利民、無費(fèi)于財(cái)?shù)乃枷?；“勞而不怨”，講的是合理勞民的意思；“泰而不驕”，講的是待民的一種謙恭態(tài)度；“威而不猛”，講的是雖有威嚴(yán)形象，但能和民的意思。

我們重點(diǎn)看看“欲而不貪”。

孔子對(duì)這句話作了如下解釋：“欲仁而得仁，又焉貪？”意謂為政者自己如果追求仁德便會(huì)得到仁德，又有什么可貪的呢！

孔子的仁學(xué)思想，包括兩個(gè)層面：對(duì)人，講的是愛人利物；對(duì)己，講的是去私慎獨(dú)。以仁（人）為本，便有了愛他利他的境界，他怎么可能為滿足自己的欲望而把國(guó)家或他人的財(cái)物貪為己有呢！

欲望，人皆有之，包括孔子，關(guān)鍵是要做到“欲而不貪”。一個(gè)衛(wèi)國(guó)人釣到一條鰥魚，大得裝滿車子，孔子的孫子子思問：“鰥魚是很難釣到的，你用什么方法釣到的？”那人說：“我開始下鉤的時(shí)候，用的是一條小魚做魚餌，鰥魚經(jīng)過的時(shí)候，連看也不看?；貋砦覔Q了半只小乳豬做魚餌，鰥魚就上鉤了?！?/p>

子思感慨道：“鰥魚雖然不容易捕獲，但因貪圖魚餌而死；士人雖然胸懷治道，卻因貪戀祿位而死??！”（《孔叢子〃抗志》）

子思到了齊國(guó)，齊王對(duì)子思說：“現(xiàn)在諸侯混戰(zhàn)，天下紛亂，沒有霸主，齊國(guó)強(qiáng)大人口眾多，我想謀求霸業(yè)，您看怎么樣？”子思說：“不可以啊，因?yàn)槟荒苋コ呢澙??！饼R君說：“貪利有什么壞處？”子思說：“水性清純而泥沙讓它渾濁，人性安適而嗜欲使它紊亂。所以能擁有天下的人，一定不是圖謀占有天下的人；能得到良好名譽(yù)的人，一定不是求取名譽(yù)的人。如果明白這個(gè)道理，就能拋棄貪利之心。”這就是說，去掉貪心，也才有可能擁有天下。

在儒家看來，為政成功與否全在得民心。得民心者得天下，不得民心，自身尚且難保，遑論天下?？鬃幽槌鰹檎宓拢坝回潯弊顬榍兄?，為政者能夠“惠而不費(fèi)”、“勞而不怨”、“泰而不驕”、“威而不猛”，功夫盡在“欲而不貪”。政治是公益事業(yè)，唯有不貪者能服眾，唯有不貪者能得民心，唯有不貪者能致太平！

孔子說廉之四：無禁則淫,無度則失,縱欲則敗

孔子說：“中人之情，有余則侈，不足則儉，無禁則淫，無度則失，縱欲則敗?！保ā墩f苑〃雜言》）

意謂就一般人的性情而言，手里的錢多了，就會(huì)奢侈揮霍，不足就節(jié)儉。沒有禁令就放縱，沒有節(jié)度就逸樂，放縱欲望就敗亡。

接著孔子說：“飲食有量，衣服有節(jié)，宮室有度，畜聚有數(shù)，車器有限，以防亂之源也。故夫度量不可不明也，善欲不可不聽也?！币庵^飲食要有定量，衣服要有節(jié)制，住宅要有限度，聚斂要有常數(shù)，車輛器物要有限額，以此來杜絕禍亂的根源。所以法度不能不明確，教育的話不能不聽從。

孔子說的“度量”和“善欲”兩條，體現(xiàn)的是以法治國(guó)和以德治國(guó)并重的原則。

這就是說，一方面須設(shè)立一定的法律條令給予指導(dǎo)、調(diào)節(jié)和節(jié)制，使人舉足有措而適歸于治；一方面要通過教育，讓人有是非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和是非之心，知道哪些該做，哪些不該做。

孔子認(rèn)為，“凡夫之為奸邪、盜竊、靡法、妄行者，生于不足，不足生于無度。無度，則小者偷盜，大者侈靡，各不知節(jié)?！保ā犊鬃蛹艺Z〃五刑解》）意謂凡是邪惡、偷竊、犯法、恣意妄行的人，是由于不滿足，不滿足是因?yàn)闆]有限度。沒有限度，往小的說是偷盜懶惰，往大的說是奢侈浪費(fèi)，都是沒有節(jié)制造成的。

人由好變壞，是一個(gè)漸進(jìn)過程，不是一開始就變壞的，是由細(xì)微的變化慢慢積累起來的?！扒Ю镏?，潰于蟻穴”，只有注意平時(shí)的防微杜漸，才能防止由量到質(zhì)的變化。

俗話說：“蒼蠅不叮沒縫的雞蛋。”如果雞蛋沒“縫”，蒼蠅即便是有通天的本事，也無奈何于雞蛋的。所以，關(guān)鍵還在自己。

有些人變壞，除了個(gè)人的原因，也有制度方面的問題。制度不健全，或者雖有制度但監(jiān)督不到位，這都有可能讓意志不堅(jiān)定的人走向墮落。因此，制度的完善與落實(shí)，也是不可忽視的一個(gè)大問題。

中國(guó)文化，自古以來都甚為看重為政清廉的品德。宋代清官包拯說：“廉者，民之表也；貪者，民之賊也?！保ò镀虿挥泌E吏》）

做官貪得無厭，必定會(huì)給他帶來禍害的，這種禍害，有時(shí)是致命的。

近些年來，媒體披露的一些倒臺(tái)的高級(jí)干部，有的甚至走上不歸之路，也是漸漸變壞的。這些人不乏宏圖大志，但中途或晚年倒臺(tái)，都是因“無禁、無度、縱欲”由量變引發(fā)質(zhì)變?cè)斐傻??！俺灾肜铮粗伬铩?，貪心過重，失去控制，完蛋是遲早的事。

孔子說廉之五：臨官莫如平，臨財(cái)莫如廉

孔子說：“臨官莫如平，臨財(cái)莫如廉，廉平之守，不可攻也?！保ā墩f苑〃政理》）意謂當(dāng)官為政沒有比公平更好的美德，面對(duì)財(cái)貨沒有比廉潔更好的節(jié)操。一個(gè)人如果擁有廉潔公平的操守，就可以經(jīng)受各種考驗(yàn)，立于不敗之地。

子貢將出任信陽的長(zhǎng)官，向孔子辭行，孔子給他講了一番為官的道理，其中說到這四句話，希望他能做一個(gè)公正廉潔的官員。后來，子貢也的確在自己的從政生涯中，忠實(shí)地踐行了老師的教誨，做出了不一般的業(yè)績(jī)。

我們先看看孔子講的“平”。

為政公平，處事公正，這是孔子提倡的為官之道?？鬃又苡瘟袊?guó)，在衛(wèi)國(guó)待的時(shí)間最久，不少學(xué)生和朋友都是衛(wèi)國(guó)的大官。有人擔(dān)心衛(wèi)靈公重用孔子，所以跑到衛(wèi)靈公那里中傷孔子，說他想叛亂。衛(wèi)靈公派人捉拿孔子，于是孔子和他的學(xué)生四散逃走。

孔子的學(xué)生子皋慌亂中跑到城門下，城門已閉，出不去，有個(gè)守門人認(rèn)識(shí)他，把他拉到城門旁的暗室中藏了起來，所以抓捕的人沒有捉住他。

這個(gè)守門人受過刖刑，被砍掉雙足，罰來看門，而執(zhí)行刑罰的正是子皋。子皋問守門人：“當(dāng)初因我堅(jiān)守法令而砍掉了你的腳，今天正是你報(bào)仇的時(shí)候，你為什么要保護(hù)我？”守門人說：“我受斷足之刑，那是我罪有應(yīng)得，也是沒辦法的事。然而當(dāng)您審理此案的時(shí)候，仔細(xì)揣摩法令，想使我免去酷刑，這我是知道的。等到刑罰判定，您面有愁容，我也知道您的好心。這并不是您私心偏袒我才會(huì)這樣，而是您的天性和仁愛之心使然。這就是我之所以報(bào)答您的原因?！?/p>

子皋逃脫后，找到了孔子，向老師匯報(bào)了自己這番遭遇，孔子深有感觸，他說：“善為吏者樹德，不能為吏者樹怨。概者，平量者也；吏者，平法者也。治國(guó)者，不可失平也。”（《韓非子〃外儲(chǔ)說左下》）意謂善于做官的人樹立恩德，不善于做官的人樹立仇怨?！案拧笔峭破搅科鞯模üぞ撸倮羧绺?，是平正執(zhí)法的。治理國(guó)家的人，不可失去平正。

孔子年輕時(shí)給季氏當(dāng)倉(cāng)庫(kù)會(huì)計(jì)，辦事即以公平著稱，故而司馬遷在《史記》中夸獎(jiǎng)他：“料量平”（即出納錢糧計(jì)量公平準(zhǔn)確）。

再看看孔子講的“廉”。

孔子說過“委利生孽”的話（《大戴禮記〃四代》），意思是積利不當(dāng)會(huì)產(chǎn)生禍害。通過不正當(dāng)?shù)氖侄潍@取財(cái)富，如同踏在薄冰上，遲早要掉到冰窟窿里，萬不可心存僥幸。

宋代陳師道說：“百年富貴今誰見，一代功名托至公?！币庵^歷史上那些家財(cái)萬貫、地位顯貴的人，今天誰還能記住他們？功勛或美名，只會(huì)記在那些一心為公的人身上。這兩句話可謂深得孔子所謂廉平之旨。

孔子說廉之六：見小利則大事不成

大凡見小利而動(dòng)心的人，沒有幾個(gè)能成大事的。只有拋棄小利的干擾，才可能有實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的大思路、大智慧和大手筆。

孔子說：“無欲速，無見小利。欲速則不達(dá)，見小利則大事不成?！保ā墩撜Z〃子路》）

意謂不要圖快，不要貪占小利益。圖快反而達(dá)不到目的，貪占小利則辦不成大事。

子夏做了莒父（今山東高密縣東南）的長(zhǎng)官，臨行前，向孔子請(qǐng)教如何把官當(dāng)好，孔子告訴他這段話。

孔子對(duì)弟子們的優(yōu)點(diǎn)與缺點(diǎn)了如指掌，回答弟子提問時(shí)總是因人而異，針對(duì)性很強(qiáng)。同樣都是問如何把官做好，子張有點(diǎn)眼高手低，孔子告誡他“居之無倦”（《論語〃顏淵》），而子夏的毛病是“常在近小”（《四書集注》），孔子便以開頭這段話告之。

重點(diǎn)看看題目這句話。

孔子曾告誡為官者：“好見小利，妨于政?！保ā洞蟠鞫Y記〃四代》）他認(rèn)為：“隱小物以害大物者，災(zāi)必及身矣?！保ā俄n詩(shī)外傳》卷六）意謂關(guān)心小事以致?lián)p害大事，災(zāi)禍就必定降臨到他身上來。

做人成事要學(xué)會(huì)權(quán)衡利弊，不可因小失大，包括對(duì)財(cái)富的追求。

司馬遷在《史記〃貨殖列傳》里說：“天下熙熙，皆為利來；天下攘攘，皆為利往?！闭且?yàn)槔嬗腥绱舜蟮恼T惑，孔子才告誡我們不可因利而誤入歧途。

自古以來，“獲利顯而伏隱患，得利近而播遠(yuǎn)憂”。一個(gè)人琢磨著怎樣才能更好地占便宜的時(shí)候，也一定是他要開始吃大虧的時(shí)候。

中央電視臺(tái)播放過這樣一個(gè)節(jié)目：臺(tái)灣商人馬愛珍一生歷經(jīng)磨難。26歲時(shí)，當(dāng)飛行員的丈夫葬身藍(lán)天，當(dāng)時(shí)她已有4個(gè)月的身孕，還帶著兩個(gè)女兒。面對(duì)困境，她曾兩次自殺。后來聽了母親的話，放棄了輕生的念頭，開始經(jīng)商。經(jīng)過幾個(gè)月的奔波，她賺到的第一筆錢，是她為原來打工的公司爭(zhēng)取到的一個(gè)訂單，老板要給她50%的利潤(rùn)，她只要了20%，10萬臺(tái)幣。她在為買方進(jìn)貨時(shí)，明確告訴對(duì)方出廠價(jià)格，然后由買方看情況給提取1%到3%的傭金。后來有了錢，她注冊(cè)了自己的公司?，F(xiàn)在她的公司在世界7個(gè)國(guó)家設(shè)有分公司。

面對(duì)業(yè)務(wù)伙伴，要掌握利人為先的技巧，信守共同賺錢的互利法則，寧虧自己，不虧他人。這樣，才有未來。

古往今來，凡成大事者——無論是從政，還是經(jīng)商——沒有一個(gè)是見小利而動(dòng)心的。何以？凡見小利而心動(dòng)者，沒有大眼光，必定因小失大，得不償失。這樣的人，是成不了大氣候的。

孔子說廉之七：無度則失

人生能否成功，取決于我們能否把自己的欲望保持在一個(gè)合理的范圍內(nèi)。不節(jié)制的欲望一旦突破界限，就可能覆水難收，鑄成大錯(cuò)。

孔子說：“中人之情，有余則侈，不足則儉，無禁則淫，無度則失，縱欲則敗。”（《說苑〃雜言》）意謂就一般人的性情而言，手里的錢多了，就會(huì)奢侈揮霍，不足就節(jié)儉。沒有禁令就放縱，沒有節(jié)度就逸樂，放縱欲望就敗亡。

接著孔子說：“飲食有量，衣服有節(jié)，宮室有度，畜聚有數(shù)，車器有限，以防亂之源也。故夫度量不可不明也，善欲不可不聽也?！?/p>

意謂飲食要有定量，衣服要有節(jié)制，住宅要有限度，聚斂要有常數(shù)，車輛器物要有限額，以此來杜絕禍亂的根源。所以法度不能不明確，教育的話不能不聽從。

孔子說的“度量”和“善欲”兩條，體現(xiàn)的是以法治國(guó)和以德治國(guó)并重的原則。

這就是說，一方面須設(shè)立一定的法律條令給予指導(dǎo)、調(diào)節(jié)和節(jié)制，使人舉足有措而適歸于治；一方面要通過教育，讓人有是非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和是非之心，知道哪些該做，哪些不該做。

孔子認(rèn)為，“凡夫之為奸邪、盜竊、靡法、妄行者，生于不足，不足生于無度。無度，則小者偷盜，大者侈靡，各不知節(jié)?！保ā犊鬃蛹艺Z〃五刑解》）意謂凡是邪惡、偷竊、犯法、恣意妄行的人，是由于不滿足，不滿足是因?yàn)闆]有限度。沒有限度，往小的說是偷盜懶惰，往大的說是奢侈浪費(fèi)，都是沒有節(jié)制造成的。

人由好變壞，是一個(gè)漸進(jìn)過程，是由細(xì)微的變化慢慢積累起來的?！扒Ю镏?，潰于蟻穴”，只有注意平時(shí)的防微杜漸，才能防止由量到質(zhì)的變化。

俗話說：“蒼蠅不叮沒縫的雞蛋。”如果雞蛋沒“縫”，蒼蠅即便是有通天的本事，也無奈何于雞蛋的。所以，關(guān)鍵還在自己。

近些年來，報(bào)紙上披露的一些落馬的高級(jí)干部，有的甚至走上不歸之路，大都是漸漸變壞的。這些人曾經(jīng)不乏宏圖大志，但中途或晚年倒臺(tái)，都是因“無禁、無度、縱欲”而背離了信仰和人民，最終滑向墮落的深淵?！俺灾肜铮粗伬铩?，貪心過重，失去控制，完蛋是遲早的事。

——上述文章均摘自《中國(guó)紀(jì)檢監(jiān)察報(bào)》

第五篇：《孔子》觀后感(英文)

Today，I watched a movie called confucius ,which is about Confucius ,who is a great thinker, educator and sage to the Chinese people.As we all know, Confucius has a great influence on China even Asia.But not everyone knows his experience of travelling around China and conveying his ideas, which we can learn from the movie.What impressed me most is the friendship between Confucius and Nanzi.They were both great politician in their period.Also they were intimates.Sadly ,because of their identity, they had few chances to communicate with others.I'd like to have a intimate, who has the same perspective with me so that we can learn and work together.