第一篇：2010年第一學(xué)期英漢互譯(1--7課)答案

Unit 1 課文：

1.Americans believe no one stands still.If you are not moving ahead, you are falling behind.This attitude results in a nation of people committed to researching, experimenting and exploring.Time is one of the two elements that Americans save carefully, the other being labor.美國人相信沒有人能夠停止不前。如果你不求進(jìn)取，就會落伍。這樣一種態(tài)度造就了一個投身研究、試驗和探索的民族。時間是美國人注意節(jié)約的兩個要素之一，另外一個是勞力。

2.“We are slaves to nothing but the clock,” it has been said.Time is treated as if it were something almost real.We budget it, save it, waste it , steal it, kill it, cut if, account for it;we also charge for it.It is a precious resource.Many people have a rather acute sense of the shortness of each lifetime.Once the sands have run out of a person’s hourglass, they cannot be replaced.We want every minute to count.人們一直說，“只有時間才能支配我們”。人們把時間當(dāng)著一個差不多是實實在在存在的東西來對待。我們安排時間、節(jié)約時間、浪費時間、擠搶時間、消磨時間、縮減時間、對時間的利用做出解釋；我們還要因付出時間收取費用。時間是一件寶貴的資源，許多人都深感人生的短暫。時光一去不復(fù)返。我們應(yīng)當(dāng)讓每一分鐘都過的有意義。

3.Consequently, we work hard at the task of saving time.We produce a steady flow of labor-saving devices;we communicate rapidly through faxes, phone calls or emails rather than through personal contacts, which though pleasant, take longer—especially given out traffic-filled streets.We, therefore, save most personal visiting for after-work hours or for social weekend gatherings.因此，我們千方百計的節(jié)約時間。我們發(fā)明了一系列節(jié)省勞力的裝置；我們通過發(fā)傳真、打電話、發(fā)電子郵件與他人快速交流，而不是通過直接接觸。雖然面對面接觸令人愉悅，卻要花更多時間，尤其是在馬路上交通擁擠的時候。因此，我們把大多數(shù)個人拜訪安排在下班后的時間和周末的社交聚會上。

4.The US is definitely a telephone country.Almost everyone uses the telephone to conduct business, to chat with friends, to make or break social appointments, to say “Thank you”, to shop and to obtain all kinds of information.Telephones save the feet and endless amounts of time.This is due partly to the fact that the telephone service is superb here, whereas the postal service is less efficient.美國無疑就是一個電話王國。幾乎每個人都使用電話做生意、和朋友聊天、安排或取消社交約會，表達(dá)謝意，購物和獲取各種信息。電話不但免去了走路之勞，而且能節(jié)約大量時間：美國的電話服務(wù)時一流服務(wù)，而郵政服務(wù)的效率則差一些。

Unit 2 Unit 3 課文：

1.Gail and I imagined a quiet wedding.During our two years together we had experienced the usual ups and downs of a couple learning to know, understand, and respect each other.But through it all we had honestly confronted the weaknesses and strengths of each other’s characters.我和蓋爾計劃一個不事張揚(yáng)的婚禮。在兩年的相處中，我們的關(guān)系經(jīng)歷起伏，這是一對情侶在學(xué)著相互了解、理解和尊重時常常出現(xiàn)的。但在這整整兩年間，我們坦誠的面對彼此性格中的弱點和優(yōu)點。

2.Gail and I had no illusions about what the future held for us as a married, mixed couple in America.The continual source of our strength was our mutual trust and respect.對于居住在美國、異族通婚的夫妻，我和蓋爾對未來沒有什么不切實際的幻想。相互信任和尊重才 是我們永不枯竭的力量源泉。

3.“So it was all right for me to date him, but it’s wrong for me to marry him.Is his color the problem, Mom?” Gail subsequently told me she had asked her mother.“這么說我和他約會是對的，但如果和他結(jié)婚，就錯了。是不是因為他的膚色，媽媽？”。后來蓋爾告訴我她曾這樣問過母親。

4.“But Mark and I have been together more than two years,” Gail railed.“We’ve been through so much together.We’ve seen each other at our worst many times.I’m sure that time will only confirm what we feel deeply about each other.”

“但是我和馬克呆在一起兩年多了，”蓋爾抱怨說。“我們一起經(jīng)歷了如此多事情，我們彼此多次看到對方最糟糕的一面。我可以肯定時間會證實我們是彼此深情相愛的”。

Unit 4 課文：

1.For thirteen months, she had faithfully written to him.When his letters did not arrive, she wrote anyway, without decrease.During the difficult days of war, her letters nourished him and gave him courage.As long as he received letters from her, he felt as though he could survive.After a short time, he believed he loved her, and she loved him.It was as if fate had brought them together.十三個月來，她一直忠實的給他寫信。即使沒有他的回信，她依然一如既往的給他寫信，從未減少過。在那段艱苦戰(zhàn)斗的日子里，她的信鼓舞著他，給他力量。只要一接到她的來信，就仿佛感到能存活下去。一段時間后，他相信他們彼此相愛，就像命運讓他們走在一起。

2.A young woman was coming toward him, and he felt a connection with her right away.Her figure was long and thin, her spectacular golden hair layback in curls from her small ears.Her eyes were blued flowers;her lips had a gentle firmness.In her fancy green suit she was like springtime come alive.一個年輕的女子向他走來，他立即覺得自己和她之間存在一種聯(lián)系。她的身材修長而苗條，漂亮的金色長發(fā)卷曲在小巧的耳后。她的眼睛如同藍(lán)色的花朵，雙唇間有著一種溫柔的堅毅。她穿著別致的綠色套裝，就如同春天般生氣盎然。

3.He started toward her, entirely forgetting to notice that she wasn’t wearing a rose, and as he moved, a small, warm smile formed on her lips.他向她迎去，完全忘記了她并沒有佩帶玫瑰?？此邅恚拇诫H露出一絲熱情的微笑。4.Uncontrollably, he made one step closer to her.Then he saw Hollis Meynell.他不由自主向她走近了一步，然后看見了霍利斯.梅內(nèi)爾。

Unit 5 課文：

1.I do not remember when he started to cough.Perhaps it was unnoticeable at first, a little coughing in the morning as he lit his first cigarette upon getting out of bed.By the time I was sixteen, my daughter’s age, his breath was a wheeze, embarrassing to hear;he could not climb stairs without resting every third or fourth step.It was not unusual for him to cough for an hour.我記不得父親是什么時候開始咳嗽。也許開始時并不明顯，只是早上起床點燃第一支煙有些微咳。當(dāng)我是十六歲時（我女兒現(xiàn)在的年齡），他的一呼吸就呼哧呼哧的，讓人感到不安；他上樓時，每隔三、四個樓梯就要休息一下，而且，他常常是一咳就是一個小時。

2.There is a deep hurt that I feel as a mother.Some days it is a feeling of uselessness.I remember how carefully I ate when I was pregnant, how patiently I taught my daughter how to cross a street safely.For what, I sometimes wonder;so that she can struggle to breathe through most of her life feeling half her strength, and then die of self-poisoning, as her grandfather did? 作為母親，我感到了深深的痛苦。有時我有一種無能為力的感覺。我記得懷孕時，吃東西的時候是 多么小心啊，之后教育女兒如何安全過馬路時，是多么的耐心。我有時納悶，自己這樣做到底是為了什么？難道是為了她今后有氣無力的掙扎著呼吸，然后就像她外公一樣自己把自己毒死？

英譯漢：

1.I don’t think that he would commit robbery, much less would he commit violent robbery.我認(rèn)為他不可能去搶劫，更不用說暴力搶劫。

2.Once the balance in nature is disturbed, it will result in a number of possible unforeseeable effects.自然的平衡一旦受到破壞，將會帶來許多無法預(yù)知的后果。

3.Men earn ten dollars an hour on average, whereas women only seven dollars.男工平均工作每小時十美元，而女工每小時只有七美元。

4.The final examination is close at hand;you’d better spend more time reading.期末考試迫在眉睫，你最好多花些時間看書。

5.What is interesting is that consumers find it increasingly difficult to identify the nationality of certain brands.This is due partly to globalization and partly to changes in the location of production.6.有趣的是消費者發(fā)現(xiàn)越來越難于辨別一個品牌的原產(chǎn)國，部分原因來自全球化的影響，部分原因來自生產(chǎn)地點的變化。

7.They persisted in carrying out the project despite the fact that it had proved unworkable at the very beginning.盡管這個計劃一開始被證實是不切實際的，但他們?nèi)詧猿謱嵤?/p>

8.I could not persuade him to accept the plan, nor could I make him see its importance.我無法說服他接受這個計劃，也無法讓他認(rèn)識到這個計劃的重要性。9.How did you manage to pack so many things into such a small suitcase? 你是怎樣把那么多東西塞入這個小行李箱？

10.He is completely indifferent to what others think of him.他全不在意別人對他的看法。

11.May I point out that you have made a small mistake? 我能否指出你犯了一個小錯誤。

12.His mother asked him to drive slowly, but he never took any notice of her words.他母親要求他開車慢一點，但是他從不把她的話放在心上。

13.A person is never too young to receive the clear message that the law is to be taken seriously.應(yīng)盡早告訴年輕人：必須認(rèn)真對待法律。

14.He’s now faced with an important decision, a decision that can affect his entire future.他現(xiàn)在面臨一個重要決定，這個決定可能會影響他的整個前程。15.You must be calm and confident even when things are at their worst.即使在情況最糟的時候，你也必須保持鎮(zhèn)靜和自信。

16.The success of a relationship has a lot to do with how compatible two people are and how well they communicate.人際關(guān)系的成功與雙方之間是否相處融洽和溝通是否流暢有著很大的關(guān)系。17.He was attacked and sustained severe injuries from which he subsequently died.他受到攻擊，身受重傷，隨后不治身亡。

18.He behaved, at least on the surface, like a normal person.他的舉止至少表面像正常人。

19.It is getting harder these days for a man with only a secondary education to get a good job.現(xiàn)在只受過中等教育的人要找份好工作越來越難。20.As long as the green hills last, there’ll always be wood to burn.留得青山在，不怕沒材燒。

21.If you are not satisfied with your purchase, we will be more than happy to give your money back to you.如果你對購買的商品不滿意，我們將很樂意退款。

22.We are thankful for the beauty of this great land, which has welcomed so many to its shores across the years.我們對這片偉大美麗的土地心懷感激之情，多年來它吸引了眾多的人來到這里的海灘游覽。23.To the teacher’s surprise, no one volunteered for the position of monitor.讓老師吃驚的是，沒有一個人自愿當(dāng)班長。

24.The dog continued to wait for its master at the train station without fail until its own death two years later.這只狗忠心耿耿繼續(xù)在火車站等待主人，直到兩年后死去。

25.The plane may be several hours late, in which case there’s no point in our waiting.飛機(jī)可能會晚點幾個小時，要是那樣，我們等待沒有什么意義。

26.George so often told stories that were untrue that no one believed him when he told about the high grade he got in the exam.喬治經(jīng)常說謊，因此當(dāng)他說在考試中等了高分時沒人相信他。

27.All was silent except for the small factory fairly close at hand, somewhere down by the crossroads.除了附近位于十字路口的一個小工廠，一切都是靜悄悄的。

28.People starved of sleep may find it difficult to focus their minds on what they are doing.缺少睡眠的人會感到很難集中心思做事。

29.I arranged to pick up Mr.Clarke at the airport and take him to his hotel.我安排了人去機(jī)場接克拉克先生，然后帶他到賓館。

30.The tourists cried out of joy upon reaching the peak of the mountain.一到達(dá)山頂，游客們高興的大叫起來。

31.(Just)as table tennis is to the Chinese, so is football to Italians.足球之于意大利人，就像乒乓球之于中國人。

32.The teacher does not rush the class toward a decision at this point, but asks them to think very carefully before making up their minds.老師并沒有急于要全班同學(xué)現(xiàn)在做決定，而是要求他們仔細(xì)思考后再下決心。

33.I don’t know what the drink was and I had that much;then the lads had to see me home because I was more or less drunk.我不知道那是什么飲料，喝了那么多；結(jié)果那些小伙們只能送我回家，因為我有些醉了。34.Windy days are characteristic of March in the north of China.在中國北方，三月往往多風(fēng)。

35.Even so, the government has approved a 6.2 percent increase in total spending.盡管如此，政府已同意總支出增加6.2%。

36.Information, defined as knowledge conveyed to the mind by a statement of fact, can take many forms.信息被定義為通過陳述事實向大腦傳遞的知識，可以采取多種形式。

37.His research is concerned, among other things, with the battle against AIDS in the developing countries.除了其他內(nèi)容，他的研究還涉及發(fā)展中國家與艾滋病的斗爭。

38.These people are made aware that the better the service is, the more they will earn.這些人明白了，服務(wù)越好，他們掙得越多。

39.Although her father seemed anxious and worried, Susan did not perceive any change in his looks or ways.盡管父親似乎憂慮不安，但蘇珊沒有覺察到他在表情和行為有什么變化。

40.The amount of financial aid offered has become more central to students’ decisions about which school to attend.能獲得多少經(jīng)濟(jì)資助已成為學(xué)生選擇上哪所學(xué)校的更重要的因素。

41.She’s already cut down on going out and buying clothes, but she doesn’t have enough money to start paying off the debt.她已經(jīng)減少了外出和購置衣服的花費，但她還是沒有足夠的錢開始還債。

42.One of the keys to controlling stress is to realize that there are many things in our life over which we have no control.控制壓力的方法之一是要認(rèn)識到，生命中有許多事是我們無法掌控的。

漢譯英：

1.他認(rèn)為我在對他說謊，但實際上我講的是實話。

He thought I was lying to him, whereas I was telling the truth.2.她連水都不愿喝一口，更別提留下來吃飯了。

She wouldn’t take a drink, much less would she stay for dinner.3.這樣的措施很可能帶來工作效率的提高。

Such measures are likely to result in the improvement of work efficiency 4.我們已經(jīng)在這個項目上投入了大量時間和精力，所以我們只能繼續(xù)。

We have already poured a lot of time and energy into this project, so we have to carry on.5.他們利潤增長的部分原因是采用了新的市場策略。

The increase in their profits is due partly to their new market strategy.6.A recent survey showed that women account for 40 percent of the total workforce.最近一次調(diào)查表明婦女占了勞動力的百分之四十。7.這個星期你每天都遲到，對此你怎么解釋？

How do you account for the fact that you have been late every day this week? 8.盡管她是家里的獨生女，她父母也從來不溺愛她。

Despite the fact that she is the only child in her family, she is never babied by her parents.9.邁克沒有來參加昨晚的聚會，也沒給我打電話做任何解釋。

Mike did not come to the party last night, nor did he call me to give an explanation.10.坐在他旁邊的那個人確實發(fā)表過一些小說，但決不是什么大作家。

The person sitting next to him did publish some novel, but he is by no means a great writer.11.他對足球不感興趣，也從不關(guān)心誰輸誰贏。

He has no interest in football, and is indifferent to who wins or loses.12.經(jīng)理需要一個可以信賴的助手，在他外出時，由助手負(fù)責(zé)處理問題。

The manager needs an assistant that he can count on to take care of problems in his absence.13.這是他第一次當(dāng)著那么多觀眾演講。

This is the first time that he made a speech in the presence of so large an audience.14.你再怎么有經(jīng)驗，也得學(xué)習(xí)新技術(shù)。

You are never too experienced to learn new techniques.15.還存在一個問題，那就是派誰去帶領(lǐng)那里的研究工作。

There remains one problem, namely, who should be sent to head the research there.16.由于文化的不同，他們的關(guān)系在開始確實遇到了一些困難。

Their relationship did meet with some difficulty at the beginning because of cultural differences.17.雖然他歷經(jīng)沉浮，但我始終相信他總有一天會成功的。

Although he has had ups and downs, but I believed all along he would succeed someday.18.我對你的說法的真實性有些保留看法。

I have some reservations about the truth of your claim.19.她長得并不特別高，但是她身材瘦，給人一種個子高的錯覺。

She isn’t particularly tall, but her slim figure gives an illusion of height.20.有朋自遠(yuǎn)方來，不亦樂乎？

It is a great pleasure to meet friends from afar.21.不管黑貓白貓，能抓住老鼠就是好貓。

It doesn’t matter whether the cat is black or white, as long as it catches mice.22.你必須明天上午十點前把那筆錢還給我。

You must let me have the money back without fail by ten o’clock tomorrow morning.23.請允許我參加這個項目，我對這個項目非常感興趣。

Please allow me to take part in this project;I am more than a little interested in it.24.人人都知道他比較特殊：他來去隨意。

Everyone knows that he is special: He is free to come and go as he pleases.25.看她臉上不悅的神色，我覺得她似乎有什么話要對我說。

Watching unhappy look on her face, I feel as though she wish to say something to me.26.他說話很自信，給我留下了很深的印象。

He spoke confidently, which impressed me most.27.我父親太愛忘事，總是在找鑰匙。

My father is so forgetful that he is always looking for his keys.28.我十分感激你給我的幫助。

I am very grateful to you for all the help you have given me.29.光線不足，加上地面潮濕，使得駕駛十分困難。

The bad light, coupled with wet ground, mad driving very difficult.30.由于缺乏資金，他們不得不取消了創(chuàng)業(yè)計劃。

Being starved of funds, they had to cancel their plan to start a business.31.每當(dāng)有了麻煩，他們總是依靠我們。

They always lean on us whenever they are in trouble.32.就像機(jī)器需要經(jīng)常運轉(zhuǎn)一樣，身體也需要經(jīng)常鍛煉。

Just as a machine needs regular running, so does the body needs regular exercise.33.在美國學(xué)習(xí)時，他學(xué)會了彈琴。

He learned to play the piano while studying in the United States.34.令我們失望的是，他拒絕了我們的邀請。

To our disappointment, he turned down our invitation.35.真實情況是，不管是好是壞，隨著新科技的進(jìn)步，世界發(fā)生了變化。

The reality is that, for better or worse, the world has changed with advance of new technologies.36.我班里的大多數(shù)女生在被要求回答問題時都似乎感到不自在。

Most of female students in my class appear to be ill at ease when required to answer questions.37.當(dāng)?shù)卣?fù)責(zé)運動會的安全。

The local government took charge of the security for the sports meeting.38.在會上，除了其他事情，他們還討論了目前的經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢。

At the meeting, they discussed, among other things, present economic situation.39.我對大自然了解的越多，就越癡迷于大自然的奧秘。

The more I learned about the nature, the more absorbed I became in its mystery.40.醫(yī)生建議說，有壓力的人要學(xué)會做一些新鮮有趣、富有挑戰(zhàn)性的事情，好讓自己的負(fù)面情緒有發(fā)泄的渠道。

The doctor recommends that those stressed people should try some new, interesting and challenging things in order to give their negative feelings an outlet.41.那個學(xué)生的成績差，但老師給他布置了更多的作業(yè)，而不是減少作業(yè)量。

The teacher gives more homework to the student who has had bad grades instead of cutting it down.42.相比之下，美國的父母更趨向于把孩子的成功歸因于天賦。

By contrast, American parents are more likely to attribute their children’s success to natural talent.43.老師首先要考慮的事情之一是喚起學(xué)生的興趣，激發(fā)他們的創(chuàng)造性。

One of a teacher’s priorities is to stimulate students’ interests and their creativity.

第二篇：00英漢互譯答案

00英漢互譯答案

1.The grey-black clouds had suddenly departed and an expanse of colored clouds had blazed up at the western edge of the sky.灰黑的云突然遁去，西天邊燒起一片云彩。

2.A penniless lass with a long pedigree and a sweet face, she had been raised by a scheming aunt to find a million dollars and marry it.這位小姑娘雖然一貧如洗，卻是世家出身，長得俏麗動人，由姑母撫養(yǎng)，這位長輩頗有心計，這心想讓侄女嫁個百萬富翁。

3.John doesn't invite Mary to coffee because she is a wet blanket.約翰不邀請瑪麗去喝咖啡，因為她是一個令人掃興的人。

4.It was an early September day, cool and bright and just right for running, and I was in the first few miles of a 10.5-mile race over a course through steep exhausting hills.那是九月初的一天，秋高氣爽，陽光明媚，正是賽跑的好時光。我正參加一場10.5英里的比賽，剛跑了幾英里。比賽路線要穿越一些陡峭、使人精疲力竭的山坡。

5.I wonder whether he is a Trojan Horse.我不知道他是否是個內(nèi)奸。

6.It is right here, at Geneva, whose very name evokes peace, the will to peace, cooperation among nations, that after long years of discussion, the negotiations were completed which had started on March 24，1984 at Havana on the necessity of creating as part o f the United Nations system a body responsible for regulating international trade.日內(nèi)瓦是一個喚起和平、喚起各國和平意愿與合作的地方。正是在此地，于1984年3月24日在哈瓦那開始的曠日持久的談判終于完成了。這次談判的目的是，有否必要在聯(lián)合國系統(tǒng)內(nèi)建立一個負(fù)責(zé)調(diào)節(jié)國際貿(mào)易的機(jī)構(gòu)。7.In China, they “made mistakes”, suffered by them, acknowledged and studied them, thus planned victory.在中國，他們犯過錯誤，吃過錯誤的虧，承認(rèn)錯誤，研究錯誤，從而制定了勝利的方針。

8.The questions were evidently unexpected to the slow-witted spokesman, who instantly found himself tongue-tied.這些問題顯然使得這位頭腦遲鈍的發(fā)言人感到意外，他立刻顯得張口結(jié)舌，啞口無言。

9.They drove in a black limousine, past groves of birch trees and endless rows of identical new buildings.他們駕著一輛黑色大轎車，經(jīng)過一片片白樺林，穿過一排排鱗次櫛比的新建筑。

10.Motion is infinite in variety, and the study of certain simple type of motion constitutes the science of mechanics.盡管運動的方式多種多樣，但是人們通過對某些簡單運動形式的研究而創(chuàng)立了力學(xué)。

11.理論必須密切聯(lián)系實際，這是我們應(yīng)當(dāng)牢記的一條原則。

That theory must go hand in hand with practice is a principle we should always keep in mind.12.這家小工廠經(jīng)過技術(shù)改造，發(fā)展很快，使人感到驚訝不已。

This small factory underwent a technological renovation, thus developing with surprising speed.13.我們恢復(fù)和采取這些貿(mào)易方式的原因很簡單：我們出口商品就是為了滿足國外客戶消費方面的需要。

The reason why we have restored and adopted these trade practices is very simple.Our export commodities are for the use and consumption of our foreign customers.14.另一方面，必須用上述材料進(jìn)行廣泛宣傳，使人們認(rèn)識到，自然保護(hù)區(qū)是保護(hù)自然及文化遺產(chǎn)的基本單位，它們是在人類進(jìn)步里程中長期斗爭中形成的，對經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)有著重要的作用。

On the other hand, it is necessary to carry on the extensive publicity, enabling the public to know that the protected areas are the basic unit of the management of the natural and cultural heritages which are formed in the struggle process against the nature by human beings and will play an important role in the economic construction.15.最近幾年，學(xué)校對教學(xué)制度進(jìn)行了改革，最明顯的一點是學(xué)分制，也就是學(xué)生若提前修滿規(guī)定的學(xué)分，就可以提前畢業(yè)。

We have been undergoing some educational reforms in recent years.An obvious method is to adopt credit system which means students can graduate ahead of schedule whey then complete the regular credits.2.1)全球變暖有人們以前擔(dān)心的兩倍那么快。近來聯(lián)合國發(fā)表報告警告說，21世紀(jì)地球氣溫可能上升近6 攝氏度--比過去1萬年的任何時候都要迅速。在過去100年里，地球的氣溫僅上升了0石攝氏度。但20世紀(jì)的最后10年里，氣溫達(dá)到了最高紀(jì)錄。數(shù)個月前在海牙進(jìn)行的減少5％的溫室氣體排放的談判失敗了。報道警告說，若地球氣溫升高5．8攝氏度，隨著海洋變暖和極地冰帽融化，海平面將升高3英尺，幾千萬孟加拉人和埃及人將無家可歸。部分英國低地也面臨著同樣的危險?？茖W(xué)家們相信其預(yù)言的升溫將帶來風(fēng)暴、洪水和旱災(zāi)，部分原因?qū)⑹强諝馕廴緶p少。該報告是由在上海舉行的有 99國專家參加的一次會議上發(fā)布的。這種升溫將部分地歸咎于污染的消除。引起酸雨的二氧化硫氣體排放減少，溫室氣體的影響隨之?dāng)U大'。這些氣體留住"陽光中的熱量，而二氧化硫使空氣冷卻。聯(lián)合國氣候變化國際專門小組呼吁各國政府進(jìn)一步努力，減 少排放礦物燃料燃燒產(chǎn)生的諸如二氧化碳等溫室氣體，以制止全球變暖。

2)置身幸福環(huán)境的人，在思想受到困擾的時候，總有這種體驗。接著，他幾乎會奢望幸福環(huán)境能分擔(dān)他的困擾并在分擔(dān)中變得更為真實。在那個星期天，人們感到，一個黃金時代已在昨日宣告結(jié)束，而大地對這消息尤渾然不覺。這場變化之所以發(fā)生，不是上帝旨意使然，甚至也不是人類的意志使然，而是因為遠(yuǎn)在別處的少數(shù)人怯于開誠布公地善待同類。他們手中握有足以令他們戰(zhàn)栗的大權(quán)。有一條他們知道不可觸動的彈簧，可是如同喜歡搗蛋又戰(zhàn)戰(zhàn)兢兢的孩子，他們畢竟去觸動了，為了他們的淘氣，如今全世界的人要受罪了。于是，翌日早晨，人們看見一名預(yù)備役士兵穿上了制服，在農(nóng)舍門口告別妻孥，爬山出谷去了，臉上仍掛著欣喜的笑容。那是出現(xiàn)麻煩的第一個朕兆，一點蛛絲馬跡而已，當(dāng)事人更是盡量不事張揚(yáng)。歸根到底，這片谷地遠(yuǎn)在可能燃起的戰(zhàn)火之外，這兒的一應(yīng)作物以及用于今年釀酒的梨子和蘋果都將在和平環(huán)境中收摘歸倉。

3.Judging from what we have accomplished in recent years, it should be possible for our economy to reach a new stage every few years.We actually started the reform in 1980.In 1981, 1982 and 1983 it was carried out primarily in the countryside.In 1984 the focus shifted to urban areas.The years from 1984 to 1988 witnessed comparatively rapid economic growth.During those five years rural reform brought about many changes: grain output increased substantially, as did the peasants’ income, and rural enterprises emerged as a new force.The purchasing power of peasants increased and many new houses were built.The “four big items”---bicycles, sewing machines, radios and wristwatches---entered ordinary peasant household, along with some more expensive consumer goods.The increase of farm and sideline products, the expansion of rural markets and the shift of surplus farm labor to rural enterprises stimulated industrial development.In those five years the gross industrial output value amounted to more than 6 trillion Yuan, with an average annual growth rate of 21.7 percent.：Production of processed food, clothing, housing, transportation and commodities for daily use, including major appliances such as color TV Sets, refrigerators and washing machines, increased by a wide margin.There was also substantial growth in the production of capital goods such as rolled steel and cement.Thus, agriculture and industry, rural areas and urban areas had a reciprocal impact, progress in one sector promoting progress in the other.This is a vivid, convincing model of the development process.It can be said that during this period China’s wealth expanded considerably, and the economy as a whole was raised to a new level.

第三篇：英漢互譯第8-10課

Lecture 8 Sentence Translation

Omission

一、教學(xué)目的：要求熟練理解句子的翻譯技 巧，從而在英漢翻譯時做到通順、準(zhǔn)確。

二、教學(xué)過程： 1.增譯法 省譯法 詞類轉(zhuǎn)換

正說反譯、反說正譯法 重譯法 語態(tài)變換法 詞序調(diào)整法 拆譯法

Omission(省譯法)

1)A book is useful.書（是）有用（的）。

2)The earth goes around the sun.地球繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)。

3)On Sundays we have no school.禮拜天我們不上課。

Omission(省譯法)任何事物具有兩面，翻譯既然有增譯法，就必定有對應(yīng)的減譯法或省略法。省略法就是指原文中有些詞在譯文中不譯出來，因為譯文中雖無其詞但已有其意，或者在譯文中是不言而喻的。簡言之省略法就是刪去一些可有可無或有了反而累贅或違背譯文表達(dá)習(xí)慣的詞。省略法不是省掉原文的思想內(nèi)容。這種省略多從語法和修辭角度考慮。

冠詞、連詞、代詞（尤其是人稱代詞、關(guān)系代詞）、關(guān)系副詞等，在英語中經(jīng)常使用，但譯成漢語時很少出現(xiàn)，為了使譯文忠實地道，減譯法或省略法就不可少了。

1.省略代詞

英語中通常每句都有主語。但根據(jù)漢語習(xí)慣，若前句出現(xiàn)一個主語且后句仍為同一主語時，后句主語一般省掉。如：

1）He was thin and haggard and he looked miserable.他身體消瘦，面容憔悴，看上去一副可憐相。

? Cf：Like his friends he had many wonderful ideas, but he only put a few into practice.? 他象他的朋友一樣，雖然頭腦里有許多美妙的想法，卻只有少數(shù)付諸實施。2)We live and learn.活到老，學(xué)到老。

3)Everywhere you can find new types of men and objects in new Campus.新校區(qū)處處可以看到新人、新事物。4)If you give him an inch, he will take a mile.得寸進(jìn)尺。

5)I have received your letter and read it with delight.我收到了你的信，愉快地讀了。

6)When conditions exist, go ahead;when they don’t, create them and go ahead.有條件要上；沒有條件，創(chuàng)造條件也要上。7)I wash my face in the morning.我早上洗臉。

cf：別把手放在口袋里。Don’t put your hands in your pockets.8)He shrugged his shoulders, shook his head, cast up his eyes, but said nothing.他聳聳肩，搖搖頭，兩眼看天，一言不發(fā)。

Practice：

①.But it’s the way I am, and try as I might, I haven’t been able to change it.但我就這個脾氣，雖然幾經(jīng)努力，卻未能改變過來。

②.Anyone who does not recognize this fact is not a materialist.不承認(rèn)這個事實，就不是唯物主義者。

③.The more you tried to hide your warts, the more you revealed them.越是想掩蓋爛瘡疤（缺點、瑕疵），就越是會暴露。

④.You must excuse me, I shall not speak of the matter again.請原諒，我以后不會再提這事了。⑤.She put up her hand in a solute.她舉手致敬。

⑥.Outside it was pitch dark and it was raining cats and dogs.外面一團(tuán)漆黑，大雨傾盆。

⑦.It is only shallow people who judge by appearances.只有淺薄的人才會以貌取人。

⑧.It was with some difficulty that he found the way to his own house.他費了不少勁才找到了回家的路。2.省略連詞

我們在討論增譯法時，提到“漢語語言精煉，并列連詞較少使用，其上下邏輯關(guān)系常常是暗含的，由詞語順序來表示。但譯為英語時，需要增補(bǔ)。證實了英語是形合語言，漢語是意合語言的命題。”相反，把英語譯成漢語時，很多情況則需省略連詞。如： 1).He looked gloomy and troubled.（表并列）

他看上去有些憂愁不安。

2).As the temperature increase, the volume of water becomes greater.（表原因）

溫度升高，水的體積就增大。

3)If winter comes, can spring be far behind?（表條件）

冬天來了，春天還會遠(yuǎn)嗎？

4)When it is dark in the east, it is light in the west;when things are dark in the south there is still light in the north.（表時間）

東方不亮西方亮，黑了南方有北方。Practice: 1).It is in the plant that we work together with the workers.就是在這個工廠內(nèi)我們同工人一起勞動。

2).The door was opened, and he came in.門開了，他走了進(jìn)來。

3).He studied in the college for two years, and then he went to join the army.他在大學(xué)念過兩年書，后來就去參軍去了。4).If it should rain tomorrow, I shall stay at home.明天下雨我就呆在家里不出去。

5).When at last he stood upon the cliff, he turned to his little sister and looked upon her sorrowfully.最后他站到了懸崖上，轉(zhuǎn)過身來，憂郁地看著他的妹妹。

6).John rose gloomily as the train stopped for he was thinking of his ailing mother.火車停了，約翰憂郁地站了起來，因為他想起了病中的母親。

3.省略介詞

一般說來，表示時間和地點的英語前置詞，譯成漢語如出現(xiàn)在句首，大都可以省略，出現(xiàn)在句尾時大都不省。如：

1)The People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949.一九四九年中華人民共和國成立。

比較：中華人民共和國成立于一九四九年。2)In July, 1956, Egypt had seized the Suez Canal.一九五六年七月，埃及占領(lǐng)了蘇伊士運河。

比較：埃及占領(lǐng)蘇伊士運河是在一九五六年。3)And on July 1st, 1999, I graduated from university.一九九九年七月一日，我大學(xué)畢業(yè)了。4)Smoking is prohibited in public places.公共場所不準(zhǔn)吸煙。

4.省略冠詞

英語有冠詞，漢語沒有冠詞；因此，英譯漢時往往要將冠詞省略。相反，漢譯英時，多要增加冠詞，也就是增譯法中的增加冠詞。如： 1)A book is useful.（是）有用（的）。2)The earth goes around the sun.地球繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)。

（省略表示獨一無二的事物的定冠詞 the）又如：The moon was slowly rising above the sea.）3)A teacher should have patience in his work.當(dāng)教員的應(yīng)當(dāng)有耐心。（省略表示類別的不定冠詞a）

4)The girl standing at the window is his girlfriend.站在窗口的（那個）女孩是他女朋友。

此句中g(shù)irl后有定語，漢譯時定冠詞The可省也可保留。）5)Milk is sold by the pound.牛奶按磅計價。（牛奶是論磅賣的。）

當(dāng)然，有些場合，冠詞是不能省略的。比如不定冠詞a 或an 表示數(shù)量“一”時，定冠詞the 表示“這”或“那”時，均不能省略。6)He left without a word.他一句話不說就走了。7)The children are of an age.這些孩子都是同歲的。Exercises 1.We can not see sound waves as they travel through air.聲波通過空氣傳播，是看不見的。（省人稱代詞）

2.The dog is stretching itself.這條狗在伸懶腰。(省反身代詞）

3.It was a cold, dark day, the sky overcast.寒冷陰沉的一天，烏云密布。（省略非人稱代詞it)4.I can do it, and so can you.我能做，你也能做。（省略并列連詞）5.Smoking is not allowed in the store-house.倉庫重地，嚴(yán)禁吸煙。（省略介詞）6.Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者事竟成。（省從屬連詞）

7.A wise man will not marry a woman who has attainment but no virtue.聰明的人是不會娶有才無德的女子為妻的。（省關(guān)系代詞）8.他們開始研究敵情，分析敵情。

They began to study and analyze the situation of the enemies.（增加并列連詞）9.禮拜天我們不上學(xué)。

On Sundays we have no school.（增加介詞）10.孩子就是孩子。

A boy is always a boy.(增加冠詞）

Lecture 9 Conversion

(詞類轉(zhuǎn)換法)教學(xué)要求

了解并熟悉詞類轉(zhuǎn)換法（Conversion）的翻譯技巧；在此基礎(chǔ)上了解英漢常見的差異。In terms of conversion we mean that in translating a word in one language belonging to a certain part of speech is not necessary to be turned into one of the same part of speech in another language.As a matter of fact, conversion in the English language is very common.Let’s take the word “round” for example:

This is the first round.(n.)There is a round table in the room.(adj.)Round the corner slowly.(v.)He walked round the table.(prep.)So, conversion is one of the important techniques and is needed primarily by the differences in syntactic structure and idiomatical way in the two languages.Conversion occurs on many occasions.But the most commonly seen are as follow: 1.轉(zhuǎn)譯成動詞

英語和漢語相比較，漢語中動詞用得比較多，這是一個特點。往往在英語句子中只用一個謂語動詞，而在漢語中卻可以幾個動詞或動詞性結(jié)構(gòu)連用。如： He is a good eater and a good sleeper.他能吃能睡。

He admires the President’s stated decision to fight for the job.他對總統(tǒng)聲明為保持其職位而決心奮斗表示欽佩。

A.由動詞的派生名詞（或含有動作意義的名詞）轉(zhuǎn)譯為動詞 His very appearance at any affair proclaims it a triumph.無論什么事情，只要他一露面，就算是成功了。

An acquaintance of world history is helpful to the study of translation.讀一點世界史，對學(xué)習(xí)翻譯是有幫助的。

A view of Mt.E-mei can be obtained from here.從這兒可以看到峨嵋山。

A.由動詞的派生名詞（或含有動作意義的名詞）轉(zhuǎn)譯為動詞 Exercise： a.The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.b.On the walk through the campus they saw many students reading in the garden.c.He urged upon citizens of the country the necessity of persisting in participation in political controversies.看到我們的噴氣式飛機(jī)，聽見隆隆的機(jī)聲，令我特別神往。漫步校園時，他們看見許多學(xué)生在公園里看書。他告誡全國公民，必須堅持參加政治論戰(zhàn)。

B.英語中加后綴-er,-or 的名詞，在句中并不表身份和職業(yè)，而是含有較強(qiáng)的動作意義。He is no smoker, but his father is a chain-smoker.他倒是不抽煙，但他的爸爸卻一支接一支地抽（是個老煙槍）。

He was a regular visitor.他經(jīng)常來。

I am afraid I can’t teach you swimming.I think my little brother is a better teacher than I.我未必會教你游泳。我想我的弟弟比我教得好。C.介詞轉(zhuǎn)換為動詞

Jones opened the windows to let fresh air in.瓊斯把窗子打開,讓新鮮空氣進(jìn)來。That day she was up before sunrise.那天她在日出前就起來了。

“Coming!” Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the veranda, and into the porch.“來啊!” 她轉(zhuǎn)身蹦著跳著地跑了, 越過草地, 跑上小徑,跨上臺階, 穿過涼臺,進(jìn)了門廊。C.介詞轉(zhuǎn)換為動詞

Up the street they went, past stores, across a broad square, and then he entered a huge building.他們沿著大街走去，經(jīng)過許多商店，穿過一個大廣場，然后進(jìn)入了一座大廈。in accordance with 符合on the basis of 根據(jù) by means of 利用

on behalf of 代表 instead of 代替

in favor of 支持，贊成D.形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換為動詞

They were suspicious and resentful of him.他們不信任他，討厭他。2.轉(zhuǎn)譯成名詞

A.Verbs-Nouns 英語中有許多由名詞派生的動詞，以及由名詞轉(zhuǎn)用的動詞，在漢語中往往不易找到相應(yīng)的動詞，這時可將其轉(zhuǎn)譯成漢語的名詞。如： She behaves as if she were a child.她的舉止跟一個孩子一樣。

A well-dressed man, who looked and talked like an American, got into the car.一個衣著講究的人上了車，他的言談舉止酷似美國人。A.Verbs-Nouns Edison patented over one thousand separated inventions during his life.愛迪生一生中得到一千多項發(fā)明項目的專利。It is chiefly characterized by its simplicity of structure.它的主要特點是結(jié)構(gòu)簡單。His image as a good student was badly tarnished.Tarnish: 失去光澤；褪色

他作為一個好學(xué)生的形象，已遭受到很大的玷污。

B.Adjectives-Nouns 一種情況，英語中有些形容詞加上定冠詞表示一類的人，漢譯時常譯成名詞（例1、2、3）。另外，有些英語中的形容詞根據(jù)情況，也可譯成名詞。如例4：

1.They did their best to help the sick and the wounded.他們盡了最大的努力幫助病號和傷員。

2.Robin Hood and his merry men hated the rich and loved and protected the poor.羅賓漢和他的同伴們痛恨富人，熱愛并保護(hù)窮人。3.Stevenson was eloquent and elegant—but soft.史蒂文森有口才、有風(fēng)度，但很軟弱。4.This problem is no less important than that one.這個問題的重要性不亞于那個問題。5.Glass is more transparent than plastic cloth.玻璃的透明度比塑料布要好。

Exercise: They are going to build a school for the blind and the deaf.他們將為盲人和聾人修建一所學(xué)校。The White family were religious.王爾德(懷特)全家都是虔誠的教徒。Hospitals are getting more efficient these days.近日來，醫(yī)院的效率越來越高了。C.Adverbs—Nouns It is editorially said that… 社論說……

He is strong physically, but weak mentally.他體力很強(qiáng)，可智力很弱。

The new type of machine is shown schematically in Figure 1.圖一所示是這種新型機(jī)器的簡圖。獨立思考是學(xué)習(xí)所絕對必要的。

Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study.我們覺得難于解決這個問題。

We find difficulty in solving this problem.3.轉(zhuǎn)譯成形容詞

A.Nouns—Adjectives

1.I can note the grace of her gesture.我可以看到她優(yōu)雅的舉止。

2.We have seen the beauty of Mt.Tai.我們看到了美麗的泰山。

3.You pass from the heat and glare of a big open square into a cool, dark cavern.你從一個巨大的露天廣場上炎熱而耀眼的陽光中進(jìn)入涼爽陰暗的洞穴。A.Nouns—Adjectives 4.As he is a perfect stranger in the city, I hope you will give him the necessary help.他對這個城市完全陌生，所以我希望你能給他必要的幫助。

英語中有些名詞加不定冠詞作表語時，往往可以轉(zhuǎn)譯成形容詞（例4和例5）。又如：The blockade was a success.封鎖很成功。B.Adverbs—Adjectives

The English language has changed subtly and pervasively.英語的變化很微妙，很普遍。She looked at me expectantly.她用期待的眼光看著我。

Hopefully, it will be done early next month.下月初完成這項工作是大有希望的。

Traditionally, there had always been good relations between them.他們之間一直有著傳統(tǒng)的友好關(guān)系。B.Adverbs—Adjectives

他慢條斯理地點了一兩下頭說：“是的?！?“Yes,” he said with a slow nod or two.他們熱忱地歡迎他。

They give him a hearty welcome.他會立即答復(fù)。

He will give an immediate reply.A.Nouns—Adverbs 1.The man nodded with satisfaction.那人滿意地點了點頭。

2.He had the honor to attend the congress.他榮幸地出席了代表大會。

B.Adjectives—Adverbs 3.He had a careful study of the map before he started off.他在出發(fā)前仔細(xì)地看了看地圖。

4.Can you give an accurate translation of the sentence? 你能準(zhǔn)確地把這句話譯出來嗎？

很簡單，由于英語中帶有動作意味的名詞漢譯為動詞，因而原文修飾名詞的形容詞也相應(yīng)地漢譯為副詞，以便修飾動詞。

Exercise 1.It is impossible to live in society and be independent of society.(adj—v.)生于社會，不能脫離社會。

2.They have not done so well ideologically, however, as organizationally.(adv.—n.)但是，他們的思想工作沒有他們的組織工作做得好。3.I have the honour to inform you that…(n.—adv.)我榮幸地通知你。

4.He had the kindness to show me the way.(n.—adv.)他好意地給我指路。

5.I recognized the absurdity of dealing with them through intermediaries(中間人).(n.—adj.)我認(rèn)識到，通過中間人跟他們打交道是愚蠢的。6.他們懷疑這是否是真的。(v—adj.)They are doubtful whether it is true or not.7.“放我出去！”房間里的孩子叫道。(v.—adv.)“Let me out!” the child in the room cried.8.你撥錯了電話號碼。(adv.—adj.)

You dialed the wrong number.Lecture 10

Affirmation and Negation

Sentence Translation

一、教學(xué)目的：要求熟練理解句子的翻譯技巧，從而在英漢翻譯時做到通順、準(zhǔn)確。

二、教學(xué)過程： 1.增譯法 省譯法 詞類轉(zhuǎn)換

正說反譯、反說正譯法 重譯法 語態(tài)變換法 詞序調(diào)整法 拆譯法

During the process of E-C or C-E translation, due to different ways or habit of expressing, the transfer of affirmative expression into negative one or vice versa is not only frequent but necessary.The reasons of using this method is，first, to express the exact meaning of the source language smoothly;second, to conform to norms of the target language Examples: Excuse me.對不起。

“Don’t stop working” he said.他說，“繼續(xù)干活吧” 別停止工作

He went into the insecure building.他走進(jìn)那所危樓。

他走進(jìn)那所不安全的大樓。

A.源文從正面表達(dá)，譯文從反面表達(dá) 1.動詞

Such a chance denied me.我沒有得到這樣一個機(jī)會。2.副詞

A: The boy is quite clever.B: Exactly.甲：這孩子很聰明。

乙：一點不錯/的確如此。3.形容詞

1）It would be most disastrous if even a rumor of it were given.甚至只要有一點點風(fēng)聲漏出去，結(jié)果就不堪設(shè)想。2）The explanation is pretty thin.這個解釋是相當(dāng)不充實的。

3）His refusal is not final.他的拒絕不是不可改變的。4.介詞

1）This problem is above me.這問題我不懂。（或：我解決不了）。

2）It was beyond his power to sign such a contract.他無權(quán)簽訂這種合同。5.連接詞

The guerrilla would fight to death before they surrender 游擊隊員寧愿戰(zhàn)斗到死，而決不投降。

I will not go unless I hear from him 如果他不通知我，我就不去

6.名詞

1）By about six-thirty the sounds of aircraft, trucks and tanks had become quite familiar, but a series of small explosions nearby seemed to cause new anxiety.大約到六點半，大家對飛機(jī)、卡車和坦克的聲音已經(jīng)很習(xí)以為常了。但是附近一些輕微的爆炸聲似乎又造成了新的不安。

7.短語

1）The islanders found themselves far from ready to fight the war.島民發(fā)現(xiàn)自己遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)沒有做好作戰(zhàn)準(zhǔn)備。

2）We believe that the younger generation will prove worthy of our trust.我們相信，年輕一代將不會辜負(fù)我們的信任。

3）When Philip missed the last bus, he was at a loss to know what to do.菲利普誤了最后一班公共汽車，茫然不知該怎么辦。二．英語從反面表達(dá)，譯文從正面表達(dá) 1．動詞

1）I rode around with him one day seeing how the ships unloaded.一天我和他乘車轉(zhuǎn)了一轉(zhuǎn)，看看船如何卸貨。

2）The doubt was still unsolved after his repeated explanations.雖經(jīng)他一再解釋，疑團(tuán)仍然存在。

2．副詞

1）He carelessly glanced through the note and got away.他馬馬虎虎地看了看那張便條就走了。

2）Many agreed that the Prime Minister had in effect resigned dishonorably.許多人認(rèn)為首相辭職實際上是很丟面子的。

3．形容詞

1）He was an indecisive sort of person and always capricious.他這個人優(yōu)柔寡斷，而且總是反復(fù)無常。

2）All the articles are untouchable in the museum.博物館內(nèi)一切展品禁止觸摸。4．名詞

1）He manifested a strong dislike for his father’s business.他對他的父親的行業(yè)表示強(qiáng)烈的厭惡情緒。

2）I watched with disbelief as a number was put on my right forearm---82585.當(dāng)一個號碼—82585刺在我右前臂時，我懷疑地看著。

5．短語

1）Don’t lose time in posting this letter.趕快把這封信寄出去。

2）The examination left no doubt that the patient had died of cancer.調(diào)查的結(jié)果清清楚楚說明病人死于癌癥。

3）Students, with no exception, are to hand in their papers this afternoon.今天下午學(xué)生統(tǒng)統(tǒng)要交書面作業(yè)。A.Some Idiomatic Expressions 1.riot police

防暴警察(即anti-riot police，而不是**的警察)2.crisis law

反危機(jī)法案(即anti-crisis law)3.spy film 反諜影片 4.After you, sir.先生，您先請。

A.Some Idiomatic Expressions 5.Keep in lane!

不準(zhǔn)換線！6.Keep off the lawn!

請勿踐踏草地！

7.I couldn’t agree more with you.我完全同意你的看法。8.Just make yourself at home.不要客氣。/別見外。

9.He was the last man to say such things.他絕不會說這樣的話。

10.They are non-local laborers in Beijing 他們是在北京打工的外地民工。

11.We must never stop taking an optimistic view of life.我們要永遠(yuǎn)對生活抱樂觀的態(tài)度。Exercises：

1.I’m new to the work.這工作我是生手。（這工作我不熟悉。）2.He is free with his money.他花錢大手大腳。（他花錢從不吝嗇。）

3.He realized that he was in trouble.他意識到遇到麻煩了。（他感到自己的處境不妙。）4.The station is no distance at all.車站近在咫尺。（車站一點兒也不遠(yuǎn)。）5.It’s no less than a fraud.這簡直是一場騙局。（這無異于一場騙局。）6.The works of art were left intact, the money gone.藝術(shù)品還在，錢卻不翼而飛。（藝術(shù)品原封未動，錢卻不翼而飛。）

7.Time is what we want most, but what, alas, many use worst.(adv.)時間是我們最缺少的，但可嘆之至，偏偏許多人最不善于利用。8.They feel great anxiety about his sickness.他們對他的病情感到焦慮不安。9.The criminal is still at large.(phrase)罪犯還未捉拿歸案。After class exercises: 1.Isn’t it funny!

2.I am never at a loss for a word;Pitt is never at a loss for the word.3.When Stephen was introduced to the old couple, they said simply, “We’ve read your article.We expected to meet an older man.”

4.In a little town such things cannot be done without remark.5.The thought of returning to his native land never deserted him.6.That’s a thing that might happen to any man.7.This book is a fool to that both in plot and execution.8.He was 75, but he carried his years lightly.9.His speech leaves much to be desired.10.John was a fool for danger.

第四篇：英漢擬聲詞互譯.

英文擬聲詞與翻譯

試看譯例：

1.風(fēng)蕭蕭，雨蕭蕭，馬蕭蕭。

The wind whistled, the rain pattered and the horse neighed.2.Thunder began to rumble.雷聲開始隆隆地響。3.The cart rumbled past.車轱轆轱轆地過去了。

4.His stomach rumbled emptily.他肚子空空如也咕嚕咕嚕地叫。

5.噠噠噠噠噠！咚！咚！李先生突然抱著頭直跳起來，但隨即像一塊木頭似的倒下去。Rat-ta-ta-ta, boom!boom!Wrapping his arms around his head, Mr.Li leaped up, but immediately fell forward like a log.6.這個時候，長城線上，烽火連天，一輛囚車，卻囚著革命英雄，向南急馳。

At a time when the war was raging along the Great Wall, a Carriage, carrying this

revolutionary hero, went rumbling swiftly southwards.7.Though I speak with the tongues of men and of angels and have not charity, I am become a sounding brass, or a tinkling cymbal.我若能說萬人的方言，并天使的話語，卻沒有愛，我就成了鳴的鑼，鈸一般。

8.She drew one out.R-ratch!Now it sputtered and burned.她抽出一根或才，哧！啪！一下子燃著了。

有關(guān)擬聲詞的譯法：

一、同一個擬聲詞，如例1中的“蕭蕭”，在不同的上下文或結(jié)構(gòu)中，應(yīng)根據(jù)譯文的語言習(xí)慣或地道用法，選用不同的與原文意義對應(yīng)的詞或表達(dá)方式。

二、根據(jù)上一條，自然可以從另一面總結(jié)出第二種方法，即原文不同句中的幾個不同擬聲詞可以譯成同一個詞。如“隆隆地響”、“咕嚕咕嚕地叫”、“ 轱轆轱轆”均可譯成同一個英文擬聲詞 rumble, 其基本意思是 “make a deep, heavy, continuous sound”。

三、原文中有擬聲詞，譯文中也用擬聲詞相對應(yīng)。有的譯為獨詞句，有的譯為動詞或名詞的輔助成分。有時可以將英文的擬聲詞譯為漢語中較為抽象的“..........的叫，...........聲”，如he seemed to hear about him the rustle of unceasing and innumberable wings，耳際仿佛傳來無數(shù)翅膀的拍擊聲。

四、原文中沒用擬聲詞，但很生動，如例6中的“向南疾馳”，也可以譯成擬聲詞。增加擬聲詞可以增加效果，如The logs were burning briskly in the fire.木柴在火中嗶嗶剝剝燒的正旺。

五、與上一方法相對應(yīng)，原文中用了擬聲詞，譯文中可以不用擬聲詞，而是用其他能產(chǎn)生同樣效果的詞語，如例7。譯文也可以不用擬聲詞而直敘其動作，如They splashed through the mire to the village.他們一路踏著泥水向村子去。

關(guān)于動物叫聲的擬聲詞不管是在英語還是漢語中，都很具體，在互譯中要特別注意選準(zhǔn)具體詞語。英國人說“......動物怎么叫？”“What dose a XXX go?”現(xiàn)將最常用的具體詞語列舉如下：

A bee hums(buzzes, drones).蜜蜂嗡嗡（哼哼）的叫。

A fly hums(buzzes, drones).蒼蠅嗡嗡叫。

A mosquito hums(buzzes, drones).蚊子哼哼（嗡嗡）叫。

A bird twitters(chirps, chirrups).鳥叫（嘰嘰喳喳的叫）。

A sparrow twitters(chirps, chirrups).麻雀吱吱喳喳叫。

A cicada chirps(chirrups).知了啾啾叫。

A cricket chips(chirrups).蟋蟀唧唧叫。A crow caws(croaks).烏鴉哇哇叫。

A dove/ pigeon coos.鴿子咕咕叫。

A magpie chatters.喜鵲喳喳叫。

A nightingale jugs(jug-jugs).夜鶯歌唱。

An owl hoots(whoops).貓頭鷹叫。

A parrot squawks.鸚鵡叫。

A wild-goose honks.雁叫。

A crane whoops.（風(fēng)聲）鶴叫。

A bull bellows(lows).公牛哞哞叫。

A cow moos(lows).母牛哞哞叫。

A calf bleats.小牛哞哞叫。A goat bleats.山羊咩咩叫。

A lamb bleats(baas).小羊咩咩叫。A sheep bleats(baas).綿羊咩咩叫。A deer bleats.鹿叫。

A hen cackles(chucks, chuckles, clucks).母雞咯咯叫。A chick cheeps(pips, peeps).小雞唧唧叫。

A cock crows.公雞喔喔叫。

A duck quacks.鴨子呱呱叫。

A goose cackles(gaggles).鵝嘎嘎叫。

An elephant trumpets.大象叫。

A fox yelps.狐貍叫。

An ass brays(hee-haws).驢叫。

A horse neighs(whinnies, knickers).馬叫。

A lion roars.獅吼。

A tiger growls.虎嘯（吼，叫）。

A turkey gobbles.火雞（咯咯）叫。

A whale blows.鯨魚（撲撲）叫。

A wolf howls(growls).狼（嚎，號）叫。

A frog croaks.青蛙哇哇叫。

A monkey screeches(chatters, gibbers, jabbers).猴子叫（猿啼，猿嘯）。

A mouse squeaks(peeps).老鼠吱吱（唧唧）叫。

A snake hisses.蛇聲咝咝。

A cat miaows(miaus, mews, purrs).貓咪咪叫。

A dog barks(yaps, yelps, bays, snarls, growls, howls).狗汪汪叫（狂叫等）。

A pig grunts(squeals).豬咕嚕咕嚕（哼哼）叫。

其它一些擬聲詞：

1、金屬磕碰聲

當(dāng)啷

clank,clang

2、形容金屬的響聲 當(dāng)當(dāng) rattle

3、金屬、瓷器連續(xù)撞擊聲 丁零當(dāng)啷 jingle, jangle, cling-clang

4、鼓聲、敲門聲 咚咚 rub-a dub, rat-tat, rat-a-tat

5、脆響的（關(guān)門）聲 吧嗒 clik

6、敲打木頭聲 梆梆 rat-tat，rat-at

7、重物落下聲 咕咚 thud, splash, plump

8、東西傾倒聲 嘩啦 crash, clank

9、風(fēng)吹動樹枝葉聲 颯颯 sough, rustle

10、樹枝等折斷聲 嘎巴 crack, snap

11、不大的寒風(fēng)聲 瑟瑟 rustle

12、踩沙子、飛沙擊物或風(fēng)吹草木 沙沙、颯颯 rustle

13、飛機(jī)螺旋槳轉(zhuǎn)動 呼呼 whirr

14、雨點敲擊房頂 噼里啪啦 patter

15、水流動聲 拔拉 splash, gurgle

16、物體受壓 嘎吱 creak

喀嚓 crack, snap

17、溪水、泉水流動聲 潺潺 murmur, babble, purl

18、液體、沸騰、水流涌出或大口喝水聲 咕嘟 babble, gurgle

19、重物落地聲 撲通 flop, thump, splash, pit-a-pat 20、笑聲、水、氣擠出聲 撲哧 titter, snigger, fizz

21、雷聲、爆炸聲、機(jī)器聲 隆隆 hum, rumble, roll

22、汽笛或喇叭聲 嗚嗚 toot, hoot, zoom

23、油在鍋里 滋滋 sizzle

24、鞭炮爆炸聲 噼啪 pop

25、腳踏樓板聲 登登 clump

第五篇：自我介紹英漢互譯

女士們，先生們大家上午好：

我叫郭若松，是一個性格活潑、愛好廣泛的男孩，對播音主持和奔放的舞蹈更是情有獨鐘。我喜歡在我的世界里載著夢想自由飛翔。如果說主持人用語言與觀眾交流，那我更是喜歡舞者使用無聲的肢體語言與人交流。

而熟知我的老師和同學(xué)們都說我是一個愛做夢的男孩。假如有一天，能夠面對著麥克風(fēng)——我最親密的朋友，將我心中最美的感受和最多的感動，通過聲音和畫面?zhèn)鬟f給更多人。我相信心靈的溝通將是笑顏更加燦爛，情感的交融會讓忙碌得你我他多一些寬容和關(guān)愛，這就是我的夢想和孜孜以求的目標(biāo)。Good morning ladies and gentalman:

I called Guo ruo song is a lively personality, hobbies boy is a soft spot, radio host and imaginative dance.I like to fly freely carrying the dream of my world.If the host language to communicate with the audience, then I like the dancers use the silent body language to communicate with people.And the well-known teacher and classmates say I love dream boy.If, one day, the face of the microphone-my closest friends, the best feelings in my heart and moved passed to more people through sound and pictures.I believe that spiritual communication will be more brilliant smile, emotional blend makes busy you and me a little more tolerant and caring, this is my dream and pursued the goal.