第一篇:七口訣搞定英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)
七口訣搞定英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)
英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)絕對(duì)不是一道難題,它所考查的語(yǔ)法和詞匯都是最基礎(chǔ)的。那為什么很多同學(xué)在這道題上拿不了高分甚至滿分呢?這是因?yàn)椴涣私獬鲱}意圖和角度的緣故。所謂”知己知彼,百戰(zhàn)不殆“,今天,分享短文改錯(cuò)到底考什么,通過(guò)以下口訣我們就一目了然了!
動(dòng)詞形,名詞數(shù);
注意形和副;
非謂動(dòng)詞細(xì)辨別;
習(xí)慣用法要記住;
句子成分多分析;
邏輯錯(cuò)誤須關(guān)注。一.動(dòng)詞形
主要包括兩類錯(cuò)誤:動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤,以及主、謂不一致的錯(cuò)誤。例如: Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library.(are)
上述錯(cuò)誤屬于主、謂不一致錯(cuò)誤。
二.名詞數(shù)
指名詞單、復(fù)數(shù)形式的用法錯(cuò)誤。常表現(xiàn)為將名詞復(fù)數(shù)寫成單數(shù)。例如: …so that I'll get good marks in all my subject.(subjects)三.區(qū)分形和副
區(qū)分形容詞和副詞在句子中的作用和具體用法。這也是高考短文改錯(cuò)的??键c(diǎn)。例如:
I'm sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together.(wonderful)
Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family.(Unfortunately)
需要注意的是,形容詞多用來(lái)做定、表、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)等,而副詞只能在句子中作狀語(yǔ),修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子。第一例中的wonderful作定語(yǔ)修飾time,第二句的Unfortunately作狀語(yǔ)修飾整個(gè)句子。
四.非謂動(dòng)詞細(xì)辨別
這是考查最多的錯(cuò)誤形式之一。主要有分詞和動(dòng)名詞類錯(cuò)誤,也包括不定式類錯(cuò)誤。例如: Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also …(playing)My parents love me… and will do all they can ∧ make sure…(to)
上述兩例分別是動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ),和不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。一般的,現(xiàn)在分詞有主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行的含義,而過(guò)去分詞具有被動(dòng)態(tài)和完成時(shí)的含義,不定式有將來(lái)的含義。五.習(xí)慣用法要記住
主要考查習(xí)慣搭配方面的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)。這也是歷年高考的??键c(diǎn),其錯(cuò)誤表現(xiàn)形式主要有三種:多詞、少詞和搭配錯(cuò)誤。例如:
It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and…(of)
We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ∧ ourselves.(of)六.句子成分多分析
不同的句子成分要用不同的詞類;不同的語(yǔ)景要選擇不同的詞語(yǔ)。這些都有待我們對(duì)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句子成分作細(xì)致的分析,才能找出用詞不當(dāng)?shù)腻e(cuò)誤。例如:
They ∧ eager to know everything about China and…(were)I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China.(which)
第一例漏掉了謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞were,這是受漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣的影響而導(dǎo)致的錯(cuò)誤;第二例則是詞類與它在句子中的成分不相符,where是副詞,不能作主語(yǔ)。七.邏輯錯(cuò)誤須關(guān)注
與句子的上、下文不一致,甚至相矛盾,屬于邏輯性錯(cuò)誤。如稱謂上的張冠李戴,人名、地名、時(shí)間、方位等方面的錯(cuò)誤,常是這類錯(cuò)誤的考查對(duì)象。例如:
The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.(their)
First, let me tell you something more about myself.(去掉more)
… no way of setting the matter except by selling the set.Now someone at home reads instead.(everyone)
上述第一例中的主語(yǔ)是Smiths(史密斯夫婦倆),因此后面的his不合邏輯。第二例中的more在這兒表“再”的意思,才開(kāi)始告訴別人,怎么能說(shuō)“再告訴你一些事”?第三例講的是為了解決看電視時(shí)的爭(zhēng)端,“我們”把電視機(jī)賣了;晚上沒(méi)電視看了,所以與從前一樣,大家又都讀書了,所以該用 everyone。
除了上述錯(cuò)誤類型外,常考的錯(cuò)誤形式還有:連詞but, and, or和so的用法錯(cuò)誤(可以歸類為邏輯錯(cuò)誤),以及冠詞的用法錯(cuò)誤等。例如:
She was smiling but nodding at me.(and)
It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest.(or)We may be one family and live under a same roof.(the)
下面是全國(guó)高考英語(yǔ)真題中的短文改錯(cuò)題。這道題較全面地反映了本文的口訣?,F(xiàn)在試著做一做,然后參閱題后的答案與解析。
Last week my parents and I took a two-day trip to Emei
Mountain in Sichuan.As everyone knows,it’s famous 76._____ Mountain with all kinds of plants and animals.The weather 77._____ was fine.It was about noon we arrived at the foot of 78._____
the mountain,the three of them were very excited.As we 79._____
climbed the mountain,we saw monkeys,visiting temples 80._____ and told stories.On the way up I was busy taking picture 81._____ since the scenery was so beautiful.The time passes quickly.82._____ Evening came down.We spent the night in a hotel at the top 83._____ of the mountain.The food was expensive and the service was 84._____ good.I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my 85._____ head touched the pillow.【答案與解析】
76.famous前加上a.(名詞數(shù))
77.正確
78.we前面加when,引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。(句子成分多分析)
79.them→us(邏輯錯(cuò)誤須關(guān)注)
80.visiting→visited(非謂動(dòng)詞細(xì)辨別)
81.picture→pictures(名詞數(shù))82.passes→passed(動(dòng)詞形)
83.去掉down(習(xí)慣用法要記住)
84.and→but(邏輯錯(cuò)誤須關(guān)注)
85.去掉at(句子成分多分析 /習(xí)慣用法要記?。?/p>
第二篇:短文改錯(cuò)口訣(推薦)
短文改錯(cuò)口訣
動(dòng)詞形,名詞數(shù); 還要注意形和副; 非謂動(dòng)詞細(xì)辨別;習(xí)慣用法要記??; 句子成分多分析; 邏輯錯(cuò)誤須關(guān)注。
一、動(dòng)詞形
主要包括兩類錯(cuò)誤:動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤,以及主、謂不一致的錯(cuò)誤。例如: My favourite sport is football.I was member of our school football team.(is)
Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library.(are)上述兩例分別屬于時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤和主、謂不一致錯(cuò)誤。找出此類錯(cuò)誤的關(guān)鍵是樹立牢固的時(shí)態(tài)概念,注意短文內(nèi)容發(fā)生或存在的時(shí)間,保持時(shí)間概念的一致性。
二、名詞數(shù)
指名詞單、復(fù)數(shù)形式的用法錯(cuò)誤。常表現(xiàn)為將名詞復(fù)數(shù)寫成單數(shù)。例如: …so that I’ll get good marks in all my subject.(subjects)
三、區(qū)分形和副
及區(qū)分形容詞和副詞在句子中的作用和具體用法。這也是高考短文改錯(cuò)的常考點(diǎn)。例如:
I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together.(wonderful)
Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family.(Unfortunately)需要注意的是,形容詞多用來(lái)做定、表、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)等,而副詞只能在句子中作狀語(yǔ),修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子。第一例中的wonderful作定語(yǔ)修飾time,第二句的Unfortunately作狀語(yǔ)修飾整個(gè)句子。
四、非謂動(dòng)詞細(xì)辨別
這是考查最多的錯(cuò)誤形式之一。主要有分詞和動(dòng)名詞類錯(cuò)誤,也包括不定式類錯(cuò)誤。例如:
…in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football.(interested)Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also …(playing)
My parents love me… and will do all they can ∧ make sure…(to)上述二、三例分別是動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ),和不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。一般的,現(xiàn)在分詞有主動(dòng)態(tài)和進(jìn)行時(shí)的含義,而過(guò)去分詞具有被動(dòng)態(tài)和完成時(shí)的含義,不定式有將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的含義。
(1)A rising tide lifts all boats.水漲眾船高。(2)Time lost cannot be recalled.光陰一去不復(fù)返。(recall vt.召回恢復(fù))(3)To stand still is to move back……
逆水行舟,不進(jìn)則退。(4)Saving is getting.節(jié)約而后有(節(jié)約就是獲得。)
(5)It is no use crying over spilt milk.覆水難收(打翻牛奶,哭也沒(méi)用)(注:以上五句運(yùn)用了非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。)
主要考查習(xí)慣搭配方面的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)。這也是歷年高考的??键c(diǎn),其錯(cuò)誤表現(xiàn)形式主要有三種:多詞、少詞和搭配錯(cuò)誤。例如:
It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and…(of)We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ∧ ourselves.(of)
六、句子成分多分析
不同的句子成分要用不同的詞類;不同的語(yǔ)景要選擇不同的詞語(yǔ)。這些都有待我們對(duì)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句子成分作細(xì)致的分析,才能找出用詞不當(dāng)?shù)腻e(cuò)誤。例如: They ∧eager to know everything about China and…(were)I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China.(which)
第一例漏掉了謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞were,這是受漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣的影響而導(dǎo)致的錯(cuò)誤;第二例則是詞類與它在句子中的成分不相符,where是副詞,不能作定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)。
第三篇:高考備考:高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)口訣
高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)口訣
為了提高做短文改錯(cuò)題的能力,除了要加強(qiáng)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的積累、提高語(yǔ)篇的整體理解能力之外,還應(yīng)該對(duì)其錯(cuò)項(xiàng)設(shè)置的基本情況有所了解,以便做到目標(biāo)明確,有的放矢,從而提高解題的正確率。本文擬從語(yǔ)法和邏輯的角度,用口訣的形式,向同學(xué)們介紹高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)中最常見(jiàn)的幾類錯(cuò)誤。
短文改錯(cuò)口訣:
動(dòng)詞形,名詞數(shù); 注意形和副; 非謂動(dòng)詞細(xì)辨別;習(xí)慣用法要記住; 句子成分多分析; 邏輯錯(cuò)誤須關(guān)注。一. 動(dòng)詞形
主要包括兩類錯(cuò)誤:動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤,以及主、謂不一致的錯(cuò)誤。例如: My favourite sport is football.I was member of our school football team.(is)Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library.(are)上述兩例分別屬于時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤和主、謂不一致錯(cuò)誤。找出此類錯(cuò)誤的關(guān)鍵是樹立牢固的時(shí)態(tài)概念,注意短文內(nèi)容發(fā)生或存在的時(shí)間,保持時(shí)間概念的一致性。二. 名詞數(shù)
指名詞單、復(fù)數(shù)形式的用法錯(cuò)誤。常表現(xiàn)為將名詞復(fù)數(shù)寫成單數(shù)。例如: ?so that I’ll get good marks in all my subject.(subjects)三. 區(qū)分形和副
及區(qū)分形容詞和副詞在句子中的作用和具體用法。這也是高考短文改錯(cuò)的??键c(diǎn)。例如: I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together.(wonderful)
Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family.(Unfortunately)需要注意的是,形容詞多用來(lái)做定、表、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)等,而副詞只能在句子中作狀語(yǔ),修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子。第一例中的wonderful作定語(yǔ)修飾time,第二句的Unfortunately作狀語(yǔ)修飾整個(gè)句子。四. 非謂動(dòng)詞細(xì)辨別
這是考查最多的錯(cuò)誤形式之一。主要有分詞和動(dòng)名詞類錯(cuò)誤,也包括不定式類錯(cuò)誤。例如: ?in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football.(interested)Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also …(playing)My parents love me? and will do all they can ∧ make sure?(to)上述二、三例分別是動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ),和不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。一般的,現(xiàn)在分詞有主動(dòng)態(tài)和進(jìn)行時(shí)的含義,而過(guò)去分詞具有被動(dòng)態(tài)和完成時(shí)的含義,不定式有將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的含義。五.習(xí)慣用法要記住
主要考查習(xí)慣搭配方面的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)。這也是歷年高考的??键c(diǎn),其錯(cuò)誤表現(xiàn)形式主要有三種:多詞、少詞和搭配錯(cuò)誤。例如:
It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and…(of)
We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ∧ ourselves.(of)六. 句子成分多分析
不同的句子成分要用不同的詞類;不同的語(yǔ)景要選擇不同的詞語(yǔ)。這些都有待我們對(duì)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句子成分作細(xì)致的分析,才能找出用詞不當(dāng)?shù)腻e(cuò)誤。例如: They ∧eager to know everything about China and?(were)I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China.(which)第一例漏掉了謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞were,這是受寒于習(xí)慣的影響而導(dǎo)致的錯(cuò)誤;第二例則是詞類與它在句子中的成分不相符,where是副詞,不能作主語(yǔ)。七. 邏輯錯(cuò)誤須關(guān)注
與句子的上、下文不一致,甚至相矛盾,屬于邏輯性錯(cuò)誤。如稱謂上的張冠李戴,人名、地名、時(shí)間、方位等方面的錯(cuò)誤,常是這類錯(cuò)誤的考查對(duì)象。例如: The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.(their)First, let me tell you something more about myself.(去掉more)? no way of setting the matter except by selling the set.Now someone at home reads instead.(everyone)上述第一例中的主語(yǔ)是Smiths(史密斯夫婦倆),因此后面的his不合邏輯。第二例中的more在這兒表“再”的意思,才開(kāi)始告訴別人,怎么能說(shuō)“再告訴你一些事”?第三例講的是為了解決看電視時(shí)的爭(zhēng)端,“我們”把電視機(jī)賣了;晚上沒(méi)電視看了,所以與從前一樣,大家又都讀書了,所以該用everyone。
除了上述錯(cuò)誤類型外,??嫉腻e(cuò)誤形式還有:連詞but, and, or和so的用法錯(cuò)誤(可以歸類為邏輯錯(cuò)誤),以及冠詞的用法錯(cuò)誤等。例如: She was smiling but nodding at me.(and)It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest.(or)We may be one family and live under a same roof.(the)下面是2002年全國(guó)高考試題中的短文改錯(cuò)題。這道題較全面地反映了本文的口訣?,F(xiàn)在請(qǐng)你試著做一做,然后參閱題后的答案與簡(jiǎn)析。
Last week my parents and I took a two-day trip to Emei Mountain in Sichuan.As everyone knows,it’s famous 76._____ Mountain with all kinds of plants and animals.The weather 77._____ Was fine.It was about noon we arrived at the foot of 78._____ the mountain,the three of them were very excited.As we 79._____ climbed the mountain,we ed monkeys,visiting temples 80._____ and told stories.On the way up I was busy taking picture 81._____ since the scenery was so beautiful.The time passes quickly.82._____ Evening came down.We spent the night in a hotel at the top 83._____ of the mountain.The food was expensive and the service was 84._____ good.I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my 85._____ head touched the pillow.答案與簡(jiǎn)析:
76.famous前加上a.(名詞數(shù))77.正確
78.we前面加when,引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。(句子成分多分析)79.them→us(邏輯錯(cuò)誤須關(guān)注)80.visiting→visited(非謂動(dòng)詞細(xì)辨別)81.picture→pictures(名詞數(shù))82.passes→passed(動(dòng)詞形)
83.去掉down(習(xí)慣用法要記?。?4.and→but(but,and,or和so)
85.去掉at(句子成分多分析 /習(xí)慣用法要記住)
改錯(cuò)要想拿高分 語(yǔ)法口訣要記牢
(一)見(jiàn)到謂語(yǔ)找主語(yǔ),主謂一致找狀語(yǔ) 見(jiàn)到名詞想多數(shù),可不可數(shù)要記牢 見(jiàn)到平行看結(jié)構(gòu),形式功能要對(duì)稱 見(jiàn)到代詞找指代,指代通常不合理 帶賓語(yǔ)必帶to,不帶賓語(yǔ)不帶 to 小小of常抓的點(diǎn),of前名詞adj最高級(jí) 比較級(jí)不修飾比較級(jí),最高級(jí)不修飾最高級(jí)
(二)謂與非謂經(jīng)常混 謂語(yǔ)句中就一個(gè) 其余動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ) 常見(jiàn)形式有三種 v-ing ,v-ed和to do 主謂通常v-ing 動(dòng)賓通常v-ed 現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng) 過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng) 目的要用不定式
by前有過(guò)去分詞相擁 by后有動(dòng)名詞后抱 介詞后跟動(dòng)名詞 時(shí)態(tài)基點(diǎn)要搞清 現(xiàn)在還是過(guò)去時(shí)
(三)規(guī)則是說(shuō)謊 lie lied lied 不規(guī)則是躺 lie lay lain 躺過(guò)就下蛋 lay laid laid 下蛋不規(guī)則
第四篇:經(jīng)典英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)20篇(定稿)
經(jīng)典英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)20篇(1)
來(lái)源:高考寶典 發(fā)布日期:2012-03-14 22:27 短文改錯(cuò)是英語(yǔ)高考復(fù)習(xí)的一個(gè)重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn),是影響學(xué)生英語(yǔ)高考分?jǐn)?shù)的一個(gè)重要知識(shí)點(diǎn)。高考英語(yǔ)怎么樣才能取得高分?是很多高三學(xué)生特別關(guān)心的一個(gè)問(wèn)題。高考寶典特地總結(jié)了此部分的高考復(fù)習(xí)資料供同學(xué)們使用?。?009.全國(guó)卷I)短文改錯(cuò)
After five years away in my hometown, I find that
76.________________ The neighborhood which I used to living in has changed
77.________________ a lot.The Sichuan Restaurant and the older fish shop
78._______________
across the street from our middle school were gone.79.________________ There exist now a park that has a small river running
80.________________ through.The factory at the comer of Friendship Street and 81._______________ Zhongshan Road has been moved out of the city, and sports 82.______________ center has been built in their place.The market at the corner of 83._____________ Friendship Street and Xinhua Road has been given way to
84.________________ a supermarket.Besides the bookstore next to our middle
85._______________ school is still there.【解析】
76.【答案】in→from。句意是我離開(kāi)家鄉(xiāng)五年,away from屬于固定搭配。
77.【答案】 living → live。used to 后跟動(dòng)詞原形,表示“過(guò)去常常做某事請(qǐng)”。
78.【答案】older → old。句中沒(méi)有比較的意思。
79.【答案】were → are。根據(jù)上文可知飯店和魚店消失都陳述的是現(xiàn)在的情況。
80.【答案】exist → exists。主語(yǔ)a park是單數(shù)第三人稱。
81.【答案】正確
82.83.84.85.【答案】sports前加a。sports center是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),表示不確定。
【答案】their → its。前文中提到了名詞The factory是單數(shù),因此把their改為its。【答案】去掉been。短語(yǔ)give way to“讓路”,用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)?!敬鸢浮緽esides → But。前后表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。
經(jīng)典英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)20篇(2)
來(lái)源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源
發(fā)布日期:2012-03-14 22:27 短文改錯(cuò)是英語(yǔ)高考復(fù)習(xí)的一個(gè)重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn),是影響學(xué)生英語(yǔ)高考分?jǐn)?shù)的一個(gè)重要知識(shí)點(diǎn)。高考英語(yǔ)怎么樣才能取得高分?是很多高三學(xué)生特別關(guān)心的一個(gè)問(wèn)題。高考寶典特地總結(jié)了此部分的高考復(fù)習(xí)資料供同學(xué)們使用!
短文改錯(cuò)(共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分15分)
此題要求改正所給短文中的錯(cuò)誤。對(duì)標(biāo)有題號(hào)的每一行作出判斷:如無(wú)錯(cuò)誤,在該行右邊橫線上畫一個(gè)勾(√);如有錯(cuò)誤(每行只有一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤),則按下列情況改正:
該行多一個(gè)詞:把多余的詞用斜線(╲)劃掉,在該行右邊橫線上寫出該詞,并也用斜線劃掉。
該行缺一個(gè)詞:在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)(∧), 在該行右邊橫線上寫出該加的詞。
該行錯(cuò)一個(gè)詞:在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線,在該行右邊橫線上寫出改正后的詞。
注意:原行沒(méi)有錯(cuò)的不要改。I am very thankful you for inviting me to go 76._____________ and stay with 77.____________ Nanjing is a 78.____________ longing to see
you my
again English this lives to .
so
that
I .summer the and misses
.
can And
get I
more am
.79.____________ from you in 80.____________ I can’t come 81.____________ grandmother, who 82.____________ again and again 83.____________ together with him
study
you
in
Nanjingcity
.a(chǎn)nd
I
often
I
heard have
that
beautiful that been
help
afraid
coming in go She
vacationsMy
country, spending me I
so wish
asked the
me
vacation that could
much I
I 84.____________ have no choice but obey her85.____________
and see you at the end of this year.
go
【答案】
76.you前加to 77.heard---hear 78.去掉that 79.正確
80.And---But 81.vacations---vacation 82.a(chǎn)sked前加has 83.spending---spend 84.him---her 85.but后加to
第五篇:短文改錯(cuò)
短文改錯(cuò)
高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)題要求考生判斷一篇短文中十行(自1995年以來(lái))文字是否有錯(cuò),如果有錯(cuò)誤就將其改正。
此題型旨在測(cè)試考生發(fā)現(xiàn)、判斷并改正短文中錯(cuò)誤的能力,以及考查考生準(zhǔn)確運(yùn)用詞法、句法、行文邏輯等的綜合能力。
本題型側(cè)重考查考生的詞匯和語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),但并不是單純的知識(shí)檢測(cè),而是考查考生在閱讀的過(guò)程中運(yùn)用語(yǔ)法知識(shí)解決實(shí)際問(wèn)題的能力。
縱觀近幾年高考短文改錯(cuò),不難發(fā)現(xiàn)其設(shè)題方式比較固定:正確為1個(gè),多詞或缺詞共計(jì)3個(gè),錯(cuò)詞為6個(gè),其比例為1:3:6。
下面引用近幾年的高考題來(lái)分析一下此題的三種錯(cuò)誤類型:多詞、缺詞和錯(cuò)詞。
一、多詞
1.多冠詞
(l)Suddenly,I caught a sight of my English teacherin the crowd.【解析lsight是不可數(shù)名詞,且catch sight of是固定搭配,意為“看見(jiàn)”。
(2)For e】cample, when l was a child, the rain was amystery.【解析】,am為不可數(shù)名詞,泛指時(shí)前面不用冠詞。
【知識(shí)拓寬】
(1)不可數(shù)名詞表示泛指時(shí)不用冠詞。
Modern people know more about the health, havebetter food,and?
(2)與by連用的交通工具及air,land,sea等名詞前不用冠詞。
by bike騎自行車,by sea由海路,乘船
(3)有些名詞(如school,class,hospital,church,prison,bed,table,town等)與相應(yīng)介詞連用,表示進(jìn)行和這些詞直接相關(guān)的活動(dòng)時(shí),前不用冠詞。
___ _去上學(xué),_______坐牢,_______在吃飯
(4)球類運(yùn)動(dòng)、棋類游戲前,不用冠詞。
___ _打籃球,_______下棋
(5)mo。t副詞作“非?!苯鈺r(shí),前面不用定冠詞the。
She is most pretty.她非常漂亮。
(6)?;騮hough引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,構(gòu)成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),前置的單數(shù)名詞前不用任何冠詞。
Child as he is,he knows a lot.雖然他只是孩子,知道的卻很多。
2.多介詞
(l)ln fact,they are planning to visit China in next yeaL
(2)We practice for three times every week..(3)So l'm really sorry that l won't be able to come inthis time.【解析】以上三例都是作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的名詞短語(yǔ)前多了介詞。
(4)?but we do not seem to get much time to talkabout together.【解析】talk about意為“談到??”,是及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ),后須接介詞賓語(yǔ),但根據(jù)本句語(yǔ)境,此處不必接賓語(yǔ),故去掉about。
【知識(shí)拓寬】
(1)last night, next week, this year, one day,threetimes等名詞詞組直接充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),前面不用介詞。
(2)有些動(dòng)詞在漢語(yǔ)中是不及物動(dòng)詞,在英語(yǔ)中卻是及物動(dòng)詞,由于受漢語(yǔ)影響,可能多一個(gè)介詞。
serve for the people, follow after the teacher, marrywith her,make him as our monitor,play with Tom in amatch(畫線介詞多余)
(3)有些表示地點(diǎn)的副詞,其意義中已包含to,如果再加to,則多余。
on one's way to there, return to home, go to upstairs(畫線介詞均多余)
(4)有些副詞或介詞詞組后加另一個(gè)介詞,構(gòu)成復(fù)合介詞,若后面沒(méi)有介詞賓語(yǔ),介詞則多余。同樣,有些動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)是“動(dòng)詞十介詞”結(jié)構(gòu),若后面沒(méi)有介詞賓語(yǔ),介詞則多余。
①If you won’t go,I'll go instead of.(畫線介詞多余)
②She listened to but heard nothing(畫線介詞多余)
(5)有些動(dòng)詞或形容詞后接名詞或代詞時(shí),須加一個(gè)介詞,但接從句時(shí),必須去掉介詞。
①l never knew about a ride down a river could be soexciting.(畫線介詞多余)
②I am sorry for that he won't come(畫線介詞多余)
3.詞義重疊
(1)Whenever I see them l will often think of myEnglish teacher.【解析】在whenever l see them這一時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句后再用often顯得重復(fù),應(yīng)去掉。
(2)1'11 spend all the whole weekend reading andpreparing for it.【解析】the whole weekend意為“整個(gè)周末”,再加上all,詞義重疊。
【知識(shí)拓寬】
(1)有些詞受漢語(yǔ)影響,多一副詞或介詞,造成詞義重疊。
return back回來(lái),repeat again重復(fù),flee away逃走,enter into進(jìn)入,blue color藍(lán)色,stop down停下來(lái),raiseup舉起來(lái),unpack open打開(kāi)
(2)定語(yǔ)從句中的一個(gè)名詞,已由關(guān)系代詞取代,再用其替代詞是多余的。
I do remember you having apologized to the old lady Imet her last week
(3)單音節(jié)的形容詞或副詞比較等級(jí)加-er.-est,多音節(jié)加more、most,但二者不能同時(shí)重疊使用。
As a result, people in the modern world generally livemuch more longer than people in the past.4.出現(xiàn)冗言現(xiàn)象
(l)Today l visited the Smiths-my first time visit toan American family.【解析】本句中的first修飾visit,visit此處為名詞,意為“我的第一次訪問(wèn)”,time多余。
(2)Now I can't watch much television,but?【解析】根據(jù)上下文,此處應(yīng)是“我根本不能看電視”,因此受漢語(yǔ)影響,多了much,造成冗言。
【知識(shí)拓寬】
(1)狀語(yǔ)從句與主句之間多一并列連詞。
①Though he tried his best, but he failed.②The more he has, and the more he wants.(2)充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)的介詞短語(yǔ)與主句之間多一關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞。
①In the last five years that they have climbed churches一②?in other places where you are limited to a certainnumber...(3)充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)的分詞與主句之間多一并列連詞。
Sitting down,and he began to work.(4)從屬連詞后多一個(gè)that。
She was absent from the meeting because that she was ilL(5)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)前多一個(gè)that。
I found that her lying on the ground.5.固定搭配中多詞
(1)I was used to watch it every night.【解析】此處屬于used to do與be used to兩個(gè)固定搭配的誤用,應(yīng)去掉was,取“過(guò)去常常”之意。
(2)?in any other words,Iam only a child.【解析lin other words為固定搭配,意為“換句話說(shuō)”,而any other意為“任何別的??”,與本文上下文不符。
6.行文邏輯上多詞First, let me tell you something more about myself.【解析】由first可知是剛開(kāi)始向別人講述自己的故事,故只能說(shuō)something,而不能加more。
二、缺詞
1.名詞前缺限定詞
(1)Each player must obey^captain, who is theleader of the team.the【解析】此處應(yīng)加上the,特指“球隊(duì)的隊(duì)長(zhǎng)”。
(2)The day before the speech contest^Englishteacher talked to me.my【解析】根據(jù)上下文分析,此處English teacher是有所指的,指的是“我的”英語(yǔ)老師,故加上my,表達(dá)一個(gè)更確切的概念。
(3)I'1I take this chance to wish you^ wonderful timeon your birthday.a【解析lwish sb.awonderful time為固定搭配,意為“祝某人玩得愉快”。
【知識(shí)拓寬】
(1)在“so+形容詞十可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)”結(jié)構(gòu)中,名詞前不能缺a或an。
This is so good a book that we will buy it.=This is such a good book that we will buy it.(2)little,few表示肯定時(shí),前面不能缺a,意為“一些”。
如a little water,但是“每隔幾分鐘”應(yīng)說(shuō)成every fewminutesa
(3)有些不可數(shù)名詞(如metal, beauty, iron, tea,coffee, ice, youth, pleasure, success, failure等),表示“一種”“一個(gè)“一份”時(shí),應(yīng)加上a或an。
Work is a pleasure to me.(4)“the+姓氏復(fù)數(shù)”表示一家人時(shí),the不能省。
The Browns like to go skating.(5)表示“兩者之中比較??的一個(gè)”時(shí),比較級(jí)前應(yīng)加the。
He is the taller of the two boys.(6)在句中可數(shù)名詞不可單獨(dú)使用,前面應(yīng)有限定詞,如his,that,Tom's,the,a等。
When we walked to the car, Bill smiled and shook^head.his2.缺動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)to(1)I'd like very much^come but I have anexamination on Monday morning.to【解析】like后面不能直接加動(dòng)詞,需加to,構(gòu)成固定搭配“would like to do”,意為“想做??”。
(2)一.and will do all they can^ make sure that l geta good education to【解析】不定式作目的狀語(yǔ),不定式符號(hào)to不可省。
【知識(shí)拓寬】
(1)不定式作后置定語(yǔ),不定式符號(hào)to不能省。
But then there are always more mysteriesAlook into:_____to
(2)-般說(shuō)來(lái),兩個(gè)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞不能并列使用,中間常用to連接。
①7Ihe World Health()rganization and other organizationsare workingAimprove health all over the world_____to
②i had always wantedA retum to the village _____to
(3)feel, hear, let, make,have, see, notice, watch,ob。rv。等動(dòng)詞變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的不定式不能省去to。
Little Tom was made to do heavy work
(4)為了避免重復(fù)前面的動(dòng)詞,后面的不定式常常省略,但要保留不定式符號(hào)to。
We wanted to go to the lecture, but we weren't able to
3.缺系動(dòng)詞
(l)neyA eager to Imow everything about China:.'were【解析】eager為形容詞,必須加系動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。
(2)What^ your favourite sport?IS【解析】本句缺謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,應(yīng)加is。
(3)I'd like to^ your pen-friend, and.be/become【解析】本句考查I'd like to do結(jié)構(gòu),根據(jù)上下文,必須加上系動(dòng)詞。
【知識(shí)拓寬】
(1)由于受漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法規(guī)則的影響,有些形容詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí),常常缺少系動(dòng)詞。
She is afraid of her boss.(2)在被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中,由于缺少助動(dòng)詞,變成了主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),造成錯(cuò)誤。
?and let you know when the book you want has^returned and is ready for you to pick up.been4.缺介詞(l)We must keep in mind that we play for the teaminstead^ ourselves._____ of【解析linstead of為固定短語(yǔ),意為“而非,而不是”,后接賓語(yǔ)。
(2)?but the others spent a lotA time arguing_____of【解析la lot of是固定習(xí)語(yǔ),意為“許多,大量”,后加賓語(yǔ)。
【知識(shí)拓寬】
改錯(cuò)題對(duì)介詞的考查,重點(diǎn)是一些固定搭配,再如:
WhenI have free timeI go^along walk..for,因此,同學(xué)們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)和復(fù)習(xí)中應(yīng)牢記一些固定搭配。
5.缺連詞In one class,l learned^ it rained.why【解析】本句因缺連詞而造成句子成分殘缺,只有加上why,句子的意義才完整。
【知識(shí)拓寬】
(1)在漢語(yǔ)中,分句與分句之間往往不用連詞,但在英語(yǔ)中卻不行。
It began to rain,^ they had to stop working.and
(2)受母語(yǔ)影響,幾個(gè)同類詞并列連用時(shí),它們之間往往缺一連詞。
CDi told Mother, Father, Sister,^ all my friends herewhat a great time I had.and②He looked inside but saw nothing.(3)that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句置于句首時(shí),that常常不能省。
That light travels in straight line is known to all.(4)引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的連詞that,when等常不可省。
(DThe doctors came to the conclusion that the patientwas suffering from cancer.②i have no idea when he will return(5)在even if,even though,as if'as though等短語(yǔ)中,第二個(gè)連詞不能少。
He walks as if/though he were drunk
三、錯(cuò)詞
1.可數(shù)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)誤用
(l)They were eager to know everything about Chinaand asked me lots of question
(2)We study quite a few subject, such as maths,Chinese, English and physics.(3)We practise three times every week and oftenwatch football match on TV together.(4)She said that she and my schoolmate' all.wishedme success,.(5)?so that l'11 get good marks in all my subject.___
(6)?and many happy return of the day_____
(7)I used to love science class-all of them-biology,chemistry, geography, physics.【知識(shí)拓寬】
對(duì)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的考查是高考的熱點(diǎn)之一,幾乎每年考查一處。因此,為了對(duì)名詞錯(cuò)誤判斷準(zhǔn)確,應(yīng)該:
(1)弄清名詞是可數(shù)名詞還是不可數(shù)名詞。
We stopped to rest for a while and to drink somewaters from a stream water
(2)掌握好可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的變化規(guī)則。
There are branch library in many villages libraries
(3)要熟練運(yùn)用名詞的所有格。
2.時(shí)態(tài)誤用
(l)We havea good tinte talking and laughing together.had
(2)I learn about you from my English teacher, MissFang.learned
(3)I was a member of our school football team am
(4)I arn happy with any programme but the othersspent a lot of time...was
(5)I remembered her words and calm down calmed
(6)They did not want me to do any w,ork at home do【知識(shí)拓寬】
動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)是短文改錯(cuò)考查的熱點(diǎn)之一,一般說(shuō)來(lái)每年考查一處,而且近幾年高考主要考查現(xiàn)在時(shí)與過(guò)去時(shí)的使用,再如:I had an examination on Monday moming.have
3.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞誤用
(l)It was very kind of them to meet me.at the railwaystation and drove meto their home drive
(2)I look forward to hear from you soon hearing
(3)Play football not only makes us grow up...Playing
(4)I was often alittle tired after a day's work andwatch TV demands very little effort.watching【知識(shí)拓寬】
(1)由以上考例可見(jiàn),v.-mg形式作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)是考查的熱點(diǎn)。
CDi'ii spend the whole weekend reading and preparefor it.preparing②After learn the basics of the subject, nothing elseseemed very practical to me.learning
(2)過(guò)去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞的區(qū)別是另一考查熱點(diǎn)。此時(shí)重點(diǎn)要看分詞與主語(yǔ)或邏輯主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系。
①After an hour or so, we began to feel veryfrightening.frightened②?but now l am interesting in football.interested(3)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的過(guò)去分詞誤用成動(dòng)詞原形。
Books may be keep for four weeks.kept(4)掌握好動(dòng)詞不定式帶to與不帶to的差異。
(5)有些動(dòng)詞后接不定式,有些動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)名詞,應(yīng)分別牢記這些動(dòng)詞。
4.主謂不一致
(1)Playing football not only makes us grow up talland strong but alsoglve us a sense of fair play and teamspirit.gives
(2)Now my picture and the prize is hanging in thelibrary.are【知識(shí)拓寬】
(1)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)一般取決于前面主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)。
Anyone may borrow books, and it cost nothing toborrow them.costs
(2)not only;一but also, neither.—nor.一,either.or..-等并列連詞連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)采取就近一致原則。
(3)There be結(jié)構(gòu)中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)采取就近一致原則。
But then there is always more mysteries to look into.are
(4)注意把集合名詞(如family,class,team等)和不定代詞(如all,none等)放在具體語(yǔ)境中,判斷其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。
5.代詞不一致
(l)The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.their
(2)And they must not break the rules too often if wewant to win the game.we(3)Now someone at home reads instead.everyone/everybody【知識(shí)拓寬】
(1)根據(jù)上下文判斷,出現(xiàn)了代詞不一致。
①1 felt that it helped me understand how the worldworks.they②They have been to Europe many timesWe
(2)傾向于考查學(xué)生對(duì)不定代詞、形容詞性物主代詞、名詞性物主代詞以及代詞的主格與賓格等諸方面知識(shí)的掌握與運(yùn)用能力。
And I can’t forget the good food you cooked forl me
(3)人稱代詞性別上的誤用也是常見(jiàn)的錯(cuò)誤形式之一。
6.連詞誤用
(l)~esaid that she and my schoolmates all wished mesuccass,but it didn’t matter thatI would win or notwhether【解析】it為形式主語(yǔ),whether l would win or not是真正的主語(yǔ),意為“我是否能贏”。
(2)lt looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor andaguest.or【解析】句意為:看起來(lái)我的父母親把我當(dāng)成了“visitor”或“guest”。二者為選擇關(guān)系而非并列關(guān)系,故將and改為or。
(3)It is a very important exam butI can't afford tofail it.and/so【解析】此處應(yīng)是并列或因果關(guān)系,而非轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。
【知識(shí)拓寬】
(1)正確掌握各連詞的含義及其在從句中的應(yīng)用。
①?because I felt that they helped me understandwhat the world works.how②Most people can quickly get help from a doctor orgo to a hospital sir ce they areill when/if
(2)熟練應(yīng)用表示并列、選擇、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果等關(guān)系的連詞:and, or, but, so, therefore, however等.①She was smiling but nodding at me.and②Therefore, there are still some countries wherepeople have shorter lives.However
(3)弄清whether和if的含義及用法區(qū)別。
?and whether you pay the cost of sending apostcard,the librarian will write to you.if
7.關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞誤用
I live inBeijing,where is the capital of China.which【解析】此處是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,關(guān)系代詞which作主語(yǔ)。
【知識(shí)拓寬】
(1)正確區(qū)分關(guān)系代詞之間的區(qū)別,尤其是that和which的區(qū)別。
?in other places you are limited to.a certainnumber, of that some may be novels.which
(2)正確區(qū)分關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的區(qū)別,并掌握它們的用法。
However,there are still some countries there peoplehave shorter lives.where
8.詞性誤用
(1)Also the sport teaches us the important ofobedience.importance【解析】本句應(yīng)該用名詞importance作動(dòng)詞teach的直接賓語(yǔ)。
(2)Unfortunate, there are too many people in myfamily.Unfortunately【解析】此處應(yīng)該用副詞unfortunately作狀語(yǔ),意為“不幸的是”。
(3)After learning the basics of the subject,nothingelse seemed very practically to me.practical【解析】。eem為系動(dòng)詞,后面應(yīng)接形容詞作表語(yǔ)。
【知識(shí)拓寬】
詞性誤用指的是動(dòng)詞與名詞混淆,副詞與形容詞混淆等。這就要求我們?cè)谄綍r(shí)學(xué)習(xí)中重視詞性及各類詞在句中的基本功能。再如:
I'm sure we'IIhave 8 wonderfully time together.wonderful
9.限定詞誤用
(1)Today I visited the Smiths-my first visit to aAmerican family.an【解析】American為元音音素開(kāi)頭的單詞,故應(yīng)用部定冠詞 an
(2)wemay be one family and live under a sameroof,?the【解析】same意為“同樣的”,前面應(yīng)加定冠詞the。
10.近義詞混用They did not want me to do any work at family......home【解析】family側(cè)重指“家庭這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)或家里的人。,而home則側(cè)重指“家庭的所在地”。因此,“在家里”應(yīng)用athome。
【知識(shí)拓寬】
在英語(yǔ)中,有許多同義詞、近義詞和反義詞,在平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)中應(yīng)抓好基礎(chǔ),牢記每一個(gè)詞的基本含義。再如:.Uncle Ben will alsogo back for Christmas.come總之,平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)中應(yīng)加強(qiáng)對(duì)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的積累,熟練掌握高考詞匯、基本詞法、句法,同時(shí)還應(yīng)加強(qiáng)閱讀能力的訓(xùn)練。因?yàn)椋^快的閱讀速度、較好的語(yǔ)感和牢固的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)是做好短文改錯(cuò)的重要前提。平時(shí)訓(xùn)練短文改錯(cuò)時(shí),不應(yīng)只是為了做題而做題,而應(yīng)善于總結(jié)、摸索答題的規(guī)律。
參考答案
一、1.(3)go to school;in prison;at table(4)play basketball;play chess
三、1.(1)question-*questions(2)subject—subjects(3)match-*matches(4)schoolmate—+ schoolmates(5)subject-+ subjects(6)return—.retums(7)class-classes