第一篇：考博英語(yǔ)詞匯題

詞匯題匯總（練習(xí)）A scientific law is liable at any time to need modifying.This happens when fact is discovered which seems to_____ what the law would lead one to expect.A.prove B.support C.contradict D.discourage 2 The scientific and medical prizes have proved to be the least______, while those for literature and peace by their very nature have been the most exposed to critical differences.A.radical B.prominent C.confidential D.controversial 3 After several nuclear disasters, a ______ has raged over the safety of nuclear energy.A.quarrel B.suspicion C.verdict D.controversy 4 Our interests seem to ______ at this point.A.constrain B.condense C.conduct D.converge 5 Rescue teams from all over the world ______ on the earthquake-stricken area after the news s-pread that the quake, which measured 7.9 on the Richter scale, had claimed a toll of 15000 lives.A.diversified B.disseminated C.converged D.accelerated 6 The ______ of electrical energy into thermal energy is a process that is easily carried out at 100% efficiency.A.conversion B.convention C.conversation D.version 7 Without Bob’s testimony, evidence of bribery is lacking and ______ in the case will be impossible.A.verdict B.sentence C.conviction D.acquittal 8 The two countries have developed a ______ relation and increased a great deal in foreign trade.A.managerial B.lethal C.metric D.cordial 9 Chemistry is closely______ with other studies: physics, biology and so on.A.corresponded B.concerned C.correlated D.cooperated 10 It is not enough to observe behaviors and _____ them with physiological events that occur at the same time.A.correlate B.comply C.correspond D.pertain 11 Being the manager of a large corporation, he has a great deal of ______ to deal with every day.A.correspondents B.correspondence C.incidence D.dependence 12 Since its inception, Pakistan has strived desperately to ______India, cultivating ties with any state willing to help it.A.counteract B.counterfeited C.counterchange D.counterbalance 13 A briefcase full of counterfeit money was found on the counter.A.forged B.currency C.substituted D.cash 14 He displayed a complete lack of courtesy and tact in dealing with his employer.A.tenacity B.curiosity C.civility D.hostility 15 What is missing from TV news_______ would fill a book.A.coverage B.dissemination C.declaration D.consultation 16 The none of students in the class likes the mistress, who is used to being_____ of everything they do.A.emotional B.optimistic C.interested D.critical 17 The ______ question in this case is whether the accused had a motive for this crime or not.A.crucial B.forcible C.supreme D.valuable 18 In a divorce, the mother usually is granted______ of her children.A.support B.retention C.perseverance D.custody 19 Any person who is in ______ while awaiting trial is considered innocent until he has been declared guilty.A.jeopardy B.custody C.suspicion D.probation 20 The jurors came to a deadlock in the defendant’s trial for murder.A.a decision of guilty B.a decision to punish by electrocution C.an impasse D.an unusual verdict 21 The source, who spoke on condition of anonymity, ______ to discuss the implication of that conclusion.A.receded B.implied C.complied D.declined 22 Because of a recent obstacle in production, sales have dropped and accordingly profits have______.A.declined B.increased C.broken D.maintained 23 If somebody is _____, he is given a medal or other honor as an official reward for what he has done.A.confirmed B.decorated C.appreciated D.nominated 24 He won by______ because his opponent refused to play.A.defect B.default C.deficit D.refusal 25 The ____now seems to stand as the primary to a new era of strong economic growth.A.defect B.descent C.deficit D.defeat 26 It was their______ decision to leave their country, and as a result, they lost their citizenship.A.compulsory B.deliberate C.carefree D.modest 27 A ______ plan needs to be considered and accepted so as to lower the prices in these cities.A.deliberate B.disincentive C.functional D.fantastic 28 The supply of apples exceeds the _____ this year.A.request B.claim C.requirement D.demand 29 “Do you like your boss?” “No, he is too_______.”

A.in demand B.demande C.on demand D.demanding 30 I can’t understand how he can feel that his colleagues are always ready to denounce him.A.compliment B.criticize C.flatter D.challenge 31 Because of the bombing that killed six people, Washington has been urging the spokesman to______ terrorism more severely.A.charge B.censor C.blame D.denounce 32 The degree of downward slope of a beach depends o its composition of deposits as well as on the action of waves across its surface.A.sentiment B.sediment C.semester D.segment 33 Nobody at work is very happy, because last week’s sales figures were pretty _____.A.destroying B.depressing C.deceasing D.declining 34 I want to talk about all these points in_____ order of importance.A.declining

B.descending

C.plunging

D.falling

Sometimes a dictionary designates a noun as attributive, which means that it can be used to describe another noun or name its attributes.A.conveys

B.defines

C.indicates

D.explains

If you call the 911 emergency number, they will______ firemen, policemen, and paramedics immediately.A.assign

B.detach

C.attach

D.dispatch 37 The bus moved slowly in the thick fog.We arrived at our______ almost two hours later.A.designation

B.destiny

C.destination

D.dignity

He was ______ to take over the duties and responsibilities of his father from an early age.A.deduced

B.damped

C.diminished

D.destined

My grandmother has been ill for two months, so her health has______.A.deteriorated

B.diminished

C.dwindled

D.lessened

Smuggling is a ______ activity which might bring destruction to our economy;therefore, it must be banned.A.pertinent

B.fruitful

C.detrimental

D.casual

The Coriolis force causes all moving projectiles on Earth to be _____ from a straight line.A.distracted

B.deviated

C.intrigued

D.permeated 42 In ancient Egyptian paintings, royal figures were differentiated by making them several times larger than others.A.distinguished

B.estranged

C.deferred

D.enlarged

The ______ of the occasion was spoiled when she fell down the steps.A.privacy

B.dignity

C.morality

D.secrecy 44 Even if I won a million-dollar lottery, I would continue to live_____.A.subtly B.frugally C.explicitly D.cautiously 45 His wife says that he was more frugal in his youth than later years.A.listless B.robust C.thrifty D.gullible 46 To survive in the intense trade competition between countries, we must______ the qualities and varieties of products we make to the world market demand.A.improve B.enhance C.guarantee D.gear 47 Desperation, hunger, thirst, and resentment all make it more likely that people will______ a more powerful figure who promised them help and/or salvation.A.be prone to B.give in to C.live up to D.put an end to 48 She ______ at the thought of being parted from her family for so long.A.suffered B.grieved C.discriminate D.scared 49 It______ me to see him in such a bad health.He was such an energetic and strong young man only several months ago.A.depressed B.upset C.harmed D.grieved 50 I’m surprised they are no longer on speaking terms.It’s not like either of them to bear a _______.A.grudge B.hatred C.disgust D.curse 51 Participants in the Shanghai Cooperation Forum______ regional teamwork to promote investment and economic development.A.cursed B.echoed C.bounced D.hailed 52 The snow_____ my plan to visit my aunt in the countryside.A.confused B.bewildered C.conversed D.hampered 53 The trucks _____ heavy goods from factories to the ports.A.pull B.haul C.drag D.push 54 Cigarette smoking is a great health _____ and may lead to fatal diseases.A.opposition B.protagonist C.fault D.hazard 55 The manager stubbornly_____ the section director from reducing his staff despite the failing business of the company.A.hindered B.adapted C.imposed D.permitted 56 It must guarantee freedom of expression, to the end that all _____ to the flow of ideas shall be removed.A.prophecies B.transactions C.argument D.hindrances 57 Some birds______ when they look for animals to kill on the ground.A.hosed B.rolled C.hovered D.revolved 58 The full _____ of changes in computer technology will be felt within the next few years.A.affect B.impact C.action D.importance 59 The degree of economic growth is an ______ of the level of living.A.index B.advantage C.access D.aspect 60 The policeman tried to ______ the teenage driver to obey the traffic laws rather than fine him directly.A.induce B.abduct C.indulge D.lure 61 Since the package was______, the damage was paid for.A.ensured B.insured C.assured D.promised 62 The point at ______ at the meeting is whether they are to import the assembly line.A.argument B.controversy C.issue D.conflict 63 Lawyer have a terrible habit of using Latin and industry ______ to mystify people and themselves more valuable.A.inflections B.dialects C.accent D.jargon 64 As the cat lay asleep, dreaming her whiskers______.A.twitched B.twisted C.jerked D.jogged 65 The manager______ facts and figures to make it seem that the company was prosperous.A.beguiled B.besmirched C.juxtaposed D.juggled 66 The attack of the World Trade Center will leave a_______ impression on those who have witnessed the explosion.A.long B.forever C.lasting D.lively 67 His talent for music remained latent until his wife bought him a guitar.A.hidden B.sophisticated C.delicate D.profound 68 When a person dies, his debts must be paid before his _____ can be distributed.A.paradoxes B.legacies C.platitudes D.analogies 69 Now the public has an unprecedented chance to peer over the shoulders of archaeologists and historians and get a firsthand look at the_____ of the Mongols and their Asian predecessors.A.legacy B.bequest C.converse D.miracle 70 The farmer put up iron fences around the flower______ garden neighbor’s sheep should break in.A.on condition that B.now that C.lest D.but 71 _____ any one should think it strange, let me assure you that it is quite true.A.In order that B.Lest C.If D.Providing 72 After the concert, the clean-up crew found the ground______ with papers, bottles and cans.A.scrubbed B.used C.littered D.dispersed 73 I don’t understand why people_____ such a beautiful garden with cans and bottles.A.located B.provided C.protected D.littered 74 Please put your empty cigarette packets and paper bags in the______ bins provided.A.junk B.litter C.scrap D.deposit 75 Laura, who comes from a wealthy family, spends most of her time enjoying herself, but takes _____ pains with her lessons.A.little B.few C.a little D.a few 76 What he told me was a _____ of downright lies.A.load B.mob C.pack D.flock 77 A _____ refers to an animal that is born from its mother’s body, not from an egg, and drinks its mother’s milk as a baby.A.mammoth B.penguin C.mosquito D.mammal 78 He expected the House to pass the bill by a comfortable______.A.maple B.marble C.marsh D.margin 79 The tiger continued to ______ us by walking round and round our tent.A.trap B.transplant C.menace D.provoke 80 A______ of this approach is that the variables are visually presented in a style that can be understood by generalists and specialists alike.A.value B.merit C.factor D.worth 81 Americans are highly_____, and therefore may find it difficult to become deeply involved with others.A.moving B.mobile C.movable D.motional 82 The two psychologists had to modify the American Sign Language somewhat in order to accommodate the chimpanzees’ spontaneous gestures.A.change B.abort C.shorten D.enhance 83 The whole program is well designed, but some details need further _____by some experts.A.proofing B.modifying C.demonstrating D.polishing 84 A scientific law is liable at anytime to need_____, that is an eternal truth.A.modifying B.changing C.revising D.adjusting 85 The integration of staff for training has led to a good exchange of ideas, greater enthusiasm, and higher staff_____.A.moral B.mortal C.morale D.mores 86 Another popular misconception is the _____ that great talent is usually highly specifiC.A.notion B.dilemma C.domain D.analogy 87 On behalf of my company, I am______ to you and your colleagues for your generous help.A.subjected B.inclined C.available D.obliged 88 They were tired, but not any less enthusiastic_____ that account.A.on B.by C.for D.with 89 The Barbie doll comes with a whole range of_______ that you can dress her in.A.outlooks B.outlines C.outskirts D.outfits 90 Such an _____act of hostility can only lead to war.A.overt B.episodic C.ample D.ultimate 91 Furthermore, if I were to leave him, he would______, for he cannot endure to be separated from me for more than one hour.A.prevail B.preside C.perish D.persecute 92 There’s one girl at my school who everybody______ because she doesn’t wear what everybody else wears;they are horrible to her.A.picks out B.picks over C.picks on D.picks off 93 Players will be_____ against four others worldwide in a timed competition to answer trivia questions from the 1950s to present day.A.trifled B.wreathed C.instigated D.pitted 94 The criminal’s _____ for leniency was ignored by the jurors.A.protest B.demand C.plea D.defence 95 When the rent was due, the poor man______ for more time.A.pleaded B.squashed C.exerted D.cursed 96 The couple had been trying to satisfy all the needs of their only youngster, who had been ____ for more pocket money all the time.A.supposing B.pleading C.trailing D.devising 97 He told a story about his sister who was in a sad______ when she was ill and had no money.A.plight B.polarization C.plague D.pigment 98 In 1914, an apparently insignificant event in a remote part of Eastern Europe______ Europe into a great war.A.pitched B.imposed C.inserted D.plunged 99 In 1816, an apparently insignificant event in a remote part of Northern Europe______ Europe into a bloody war.A.imposed B.plunged C.pitched D.inserted 100 It is not too late, but_____ action is needed.A.right B.urgent C.hurry D.prompt

答案（未必正確，請(qǐng)按自己查找對(duì)的理解）: 1-5CADAC.6-10CBDCA.11-15CAAAA.16-20ABCCC.21-25BAAAD.26-30CADCD.31-35AABBD.36-40CBBCD.41-45BCABC.46-50DBBDA.51-55DDBDA.56-60DCBAA.61-65BCDCD.66-70CABAC.71-75BCDBA.76-80ADDCB.81-85BABAC.86-90ADADA.91-95CCDCA.96-100BADBD

第二篇：考博英語(yǔ)詞匯

考博英語(yǔ)詞匯（1）

第一部分 詞匯記憶策略 1．全腦活化

人類(lèi)左右腦分析比較：

左腦：意識(shí)、低速、一般閱讀、知識(shí)、知覺(jué)、知性、邏輯

右腦：無(wú)意識(shí)、超高速、速讀、創(chuàng)造力、視覺(jué)、聽(tīng)覺(jué)、觸覺(jué)、嗅覺(jué)、味覺(jué)、圖像、色彩、直覺(jué)

右腦具備左腦沒(méi)有的特殊機(jī)能： 1． 超高速大量記憶機(jī)制 2． 圖像化機(jī)能 3． 超高速演算機(jī)能 4． 共振共鳴機(jī)能 2．舉例說(shuō)明：

***0***2131425 3．詞匯記憶策略：聯(lián)想法、串聯(lián)法、構(gòu)詞法、近義詞、近形詞、易混淆詞、加減詞、固定搭配

? euthanasia, chrysanthemum ? flower----rose, lily, tulip, peony, carnation, camellia, azalea, narcissus, chrysanthemum, forget-me-not, poinsettia, …

? receive---deceive---conceive(-ceive= take;con-= 共同)? tumble---stumble（tumble…into/through 跌倒；stumble…over / on 腳下拌到東西而跌倒）

? stationary---stationery（文具，如筆pen,鉛筆pencil中含有“e”, 故見(jiàn)到“e”就想起是文具。）

? genius---genuine(含有us的是天才，因?yàn)槲覀兪翘觳虐?！另一個(gè)就是“真正的”), ? form---deform確（形狀；變形）? attach to

第二部分 實(shí)例練習(xí)1．聯(lián)想法

carnation, narcissus, coroner, chandelier, hippocampus, assassinate, antarctic, armour，abalone, flounder, cult, beau 2．串聯(lián)法 network: Internet---cyberspace---email---e-commerce---website---on-line---homepage---browse---retrieve---log on… 3．構(gòu)詞法

-age（狀態(tài)、特性、行為）

page/rage, advantage/disadvantage, message/massage, courage/encourage, voltage/mileage, village/cottage, luggage/carriage, garage coverage, cabbage, shortage, leakage, breakage, passage, postage, bondage（bond 結(jié)束、約束、債券；bondage就含有“束縛、奴役”的意思）, damage, garbage（garb 衣服）, manage ,spillage, usage, storage, savage, sausage(sauce), dosage language, image, heritage, engage-ward inward, outward, forward, backward, toward, upward, downward, seaward, skyward,---coward, reward, award，a-(構(gòu)成作表語(yǔ)用的形容詞；構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞。。)apart, aloud, around, away, afar, aboard, across alike, acute, alive, asleep, aware amaze, amend, amuse, arise, ascribe, avail, await, awake, award, abound, abridge, amount affirm, acclaim, accompany, account, arrange, array, arrest, arrow 4．近義詞

Merchants 煤商

Dealers 買(mǎi)進(jìn)賣(mài)出商人 Businessmen（廣義）商人 Tradesmen（英）店主

Scene 特別的景象，如泰山的日出

Scenery一國(guó)一地的自然風(fēng)光

Views特別的景象

Nature 強(qiáng)調(diào)大自然的感召力，不著重具體的自然景象

Urgent 緊急

Hasty 草率

Instant 立刻

Prompt 快速；及時(shí)

Contend 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)；斗爭(zhēng) Compete比賽；競(jìng)爭(zhēng) Struggle斗爭(zhēng)

Conflict 斗爭(zhēng)

Hinder Preclude Detain Retard Hamper Protract Postpone Cancel Delay Adjourn

Blame for Condemn for Accuse of Criticize for Announce Publish Advertise Inform

Substitute Selection Preference Alternative

Fraud Deceive Cheat Dupe

Decline Deny Reject Refuse

Reliable Confident Faithful Dependent

Income Wages Salary Pay Buyers Shoppers Customers Clients Particular Peculiar Special Unusual

Preliminary Primary Elementary Fundamental

Perplex Puzzle Confuse

Fatigued Tired Exhausted Bored

Thieves Burglars Robbers Bandits

Synthetic False Imitation Counterfeit Artificial

Mortal Fatal Deadly

Imaginative Imaginable Imagined Imaginary

Reproach Scold Compliment Reprimand

Empty Blank Vacant Bare ．近形詞 fiction fraction friction function

tumble stumble scramble humble tremble resume consume assume presume

resumption consumption assumption presumption bore core pore sore

simplify modify verify rectify

justify testify rectify verify

transcription subscription prescription description

attribute contribute distribute tribute

attitude altitude aptitude

descriptive prescriptive

interference interruption intervention interaction

transaction transmission transformation transition

contact intact

possibility validity reliability security

conceivable perceivable arise rise raise arouse

respectful respectable respected respective

detain attain retain certain contain

room doom boom loom

intense intentional intensive intending intended

assure ensure insure reassure

sometimes some time sometime some times

hatch catch patch match bare rare care dare fare hare

banish vanish diminish admonish

durability flexibility versatility 5 hostility fold include

gold cooperate hold form coordinate mold deform correlate sold inform correspond told transform

conform observe migrant

reserve immigrant contempt conserve immigrate attempt preserve immigration prompt deserve emigrant

emigrate except prior emigration accept superior concept inferior edge percept senior hedge

junior wedge receive

pledge deceive sparrow

conceive swallow deduce perceive hollow reduce

sorrow produce achieve narrow induce believe pillow seduce grieve

relieve bold preclude

cold exclude 自測(cè)題：

1.不看講義，試一試你的記憶力。利用聯(lián)想法，你能記住多少剛才所學(xué)的詞：1．____________________ 2.__________________ 3._________________ 4._____________________ 5.__________________ 6._________________ 7._____________________ 8.__________________ 9._________________ 10.____________________ 11._________________ 12.________________ 2.列出以下單詞的近義詞： 1.income 2.mortal 3.urgent 4.synthetic 5.deceive 6.retard 7.empty 8.confuse

9.buyer 10.contend

3.列出以下單詞的近形詞：

1.tumble 2.description 3.justify 4.attain 5.attribute 6.prior

漢英對(duì)照近義詞

Merchants

煤商 Dealers

買(mǎi)進(jìn)賣(mài)出商人 Businessmen（廣義）商人 Tradesmen

（英）店主

Scene

特別的景象，如泰山的日出 Scenery 一國(guó)一地的自然風(fēng)光 Views 特別的景象 Nature 強(qiáng)調(diào)大自然的感召力，不著重具體的自然景象

Urgent 緊急 Hasty

草率 Instant 立刻 Prompt 快速；及時(shí)

Contend 搏斗；爭(zhēng)奪(compete against sb.in order to gain sth.)

Compete 比賽；競(jìng)爭(zhēng)(try to be more successful than another person or organization in business)compete with sb.for sth./ compete for office（爭(zhēng)奪公職）/ against Struggle 斗爭(zhēng)(try hard to achieve sth.)struggle against difficulties/ struggle for freedom Conflict

斗爭(zhēng)（兩種觀(guān)點(diǎn)、信仰不能同時(shí)存在，不能都正確。）a conflict of opinion（分歧）;The two accounts of what had happened conflicted with each other.（關(guān)于發(fā)生的事情，兩個(gè)報(bào)道截然不同。）

Hinder: make it difficult for sb.to do sth.Or for sth.to develop High invest rates will hinder economic growth.Preclude:(formal)prevent sth.or make sth.impossible Age alone will not preclude him from standing as a candidate.Detain:(officially)prevent sb.from leaving some place（拘留；扣押）

Delay sb.who wants to leave, by talking to them, asking them to do sth.（耽擱；留?。〩e was detained by a flat tire on his way home.The police detained the man to make further inquiries.Retard:(formal)to delay the development of sth.or to make sth.happen more slowly than expected.（妨礙；推遲）

Cold weather retards the growth of many plants.Bad roads retard the car（失修的公路阻滯了車(chē)速。）

Hamper: restrict sb.movement, activities, achievements by causing difficulties for them.Women's progress in the workplace is still hampered by male's attitudes.Hamper sb.from getting elected.Protract: last a long time, esp.longer than usual Protracted negotiations 曠日持久的談判

Protract one's stay for some weeks 多呆了幾個(gè)星期 Postpone: change an event, action to a later time or date Gail and Lisa have decided to postpone having a family for a while.The match had to be postponed.Cancel: arrange that a planned activity or event will not now happen.The football game had been cancelled due to rain.Delay: wait until a later time to do sth.Don't delay claiming or you may lose benefit.Adjourn: finish or stop for a short time The chairman has the power to adjourn the meeting at any time.Blame for

把……歸于 Condemn for 譴責(zé) Accuse sb.of sth.指責(zé) Criticize for

批判

Announce

宣布；通知 Publish

發(fā)表；出版 Advertise

為……做廣告 Inform

告知(inform sb.of sth.)

Substitute: sth.new or different that you use instead of sth.else that you used previously.替代品；替補(bǔ)

Substitute teacher 代課教師

Selection: the careful choice of a particular person or thing from among a group of similar people or things.Preference: if you like a preference for sth.you like it more than another thing.Alternative: sth.that you can choose to do or use instead of sth.else

Fraud: a method of illegally getting money from sb., often by using clever and complicated methods.Deceive: make sb.believe sth.that is not true in order to get what you want.Cheat: behave in a dishonest way in order to win or to get an advantage, esp.in competitive, game, exams.Dupe: trick or deceive sb.哄騙；詐騙

Consumers are being duped into buying faulty electronic goods.Decline: refuse to do sth.（比較婉轉(zhuǎn)，禮貌拒絕邀請(qǐng)）

Deny: She denied working for the enemy = She said she was not working for the enemy(NOT: She refused to work for the enemy.)Reject:拒絕申請(qǐng)，觀(guān)點(diǎn)，計(jì)劃 Refuse: 拒絕邀請(qǐng)

Turn down 拒絕（口語(yǔ)）

Reliable 可靠的；可信賴(lài)的（側(cè)重于始終如一。）Confident 有信心的 Faithful 忠實(shí)的；可靠的（側(cè)重于“忠于……”a reliable person, a faithful fighter

Dependent 從屬的；依靠的Income 總收入 Wages 按周或日付酬 Salary 月薪；年薪 Pay 工資

Buyers 買(mǎi)主

Shoppers 家庭中外出購(gòu)物的人 Customers 顧客 Clients 委托人

Particular: special enough to mention separately Peculiar: strange, unfamiliar, and a little surprising, esp.in a way that is unpleasant or worrying.Taste peculiar Special: not ordinary but different in some way and often better or more important.a special diet unusual: different from what is usual special---specially or especially specially: used when you do sth.that is different from what you usually do for a particular purpose(with a passive form of a verb: a specially made)especially: to emphasize sth.is more worth mentioning or more important than the other things,(…, especially when…)Preliminary 初步的；開(kāi)始的（強(qiáng)調(diào)開(kāi)始之前有準(zhǔn)備工作）Primary 最初的；→主要的；基本的；→沒(méi)有預(yù)備 Elementary 初步的；簡(jiǎn)單的 Fundamental 基礎(chǔ)的

Perplex（常用被動(dòng)）困惑；茫然；費(fèi)解

Make you feel worried and confused because it is difficult to understand.e.g.I was somewhat perplexed by his response.Puzzle: confuse sb.or make them feel slightly anxious because they do not understand sth.e.g.What puzzles me is how the burglar got into the house without setting off the alarm.Confuse（常用被動(dòng)）

Make sb.feel that they cannot think clearly or do not understand.e.g.Don't give me so much information.---you are confusing me.I was confused.Fatigued: very tired.e.g.fatigued after her long journey, Bill fell into a deep sleep.Tired: feeling that you want tosleep or rest.Exhausted: extremely tired and having no energy.Bored: tired and impatient because you do not think sth.is interesting, or because you have nothing to do.e.g.Children easily get bored.Thieves 小偷；竊賊 Burglars 潛入室內(nèi)的盜賊 Robbers 強(qiáng)盜；賊

Bandits 土匪；強(qiáng)盜（常出沒(méi)在山區(qū)、森林）

Synthetic 合成的 False 假的；人造的（強(qiáng)調(diào)替代品，與原物不一樣，如假牙，人造瓚石）Imitation 仿造的(Beware of imitation 謹(jǐn)防假冒)Counterfeit 比Imitation 更貶義

Artificial 人造的（強(qiáng)調(diào)生產(chǎn)方式，如：人工降雨）

Mortal : causing death or likely to cause death e.g.mortal injures / blow / combat Fatal: resulting in sb's death e.g.fatal accident / illness / injures Deadly : like dead in appearance e.g.His face has a deadly paleness

likely to cause death e.g.deadly person lethal: causing death, or having the power to cause death e.g.a lethal dose of a drug

Imaginative: new and interesting idea used in a clever way;good at thingking of new, interesting ideas and at forming pictures in one's mind

e.g.imaginative writer;imaginative child Imaginable: emphasize that sth.is the best, worst example of sth.that it is possible to imagine All, every, only Imagined: forming a picture or idea in your mind about what sth.could be like.Imaginary: not really, but produced from pictures or ideas in your mind.e.g.all the characters in this book are imaginary.Reproach: ~sb.for /with sth.~ for doing sth.blame or criticize someone in a way that shows you are disappointed, but not angry e.g.Jake reproached her bitterly for abandoning him.Scold: angrily criticize someone, esp.a child, about sth.that have done.Compliment: ~ sb.on sth.Say sth.nice to sb.in order to praise him Reprimand: ~ sb.for sth.tell sb.officially that sth.they have done is very wrong.Rebuke: speak to sb.severely, about sth.they have done wrong.[ ~ sb.for V-ing] Chide:(literary)to speak angrily to sb.because you do not approve of sth.they have done.Compliment Complement : show up the good qualities in sb.or sth.or make them seem more attractive.Empty: having nothing inside;not having people inside;not being used e.g.an empty table in the corner [ empty nest: the situation that parents are in when all their children have left home] Blank: without any writing, print, or recorded sound;showing no understanding;e.g.go blank: suddenly unable to remember sth.for TV;stop showing any images Vacant: vacant seat, room → empty and available for sb.to use Vacant job, position → empty and available for sb.to start with Bare: empty, not covered by anything or not having any decoration;not covered by clothes, by trees or grass Deceived 欺騙 Deserted 遺棄 Desperated 絕望 Disappointed 失望

近形詞

fiction 小說(shuō) fraction 一部分 friction 摩擦

function 功能；職責(zé)

tumble 跌倒 stumble 拌倒

scramble 攀登；爭(zhēng)奪 humble 謙虛；羞辱 tremble 顫抖；擔(dān)心

resume 中斷后重新開(kāi)始 consume 消耗

assume 假定；假設(shè)；采用(think that sth.is true although you have no proof of it.E.g.~ responsibilities / power: start to do a job esp.an important one)

presume 推測(cè)；冒昧(think you can be sure of sth.because it is likely, although there is no proof.E.g.~ sb./ sth.to be sth./ be ~ed to do sth./ ~ to do sth.resumption 恢復(fù) consumption 消費(fèi) assumption 假定；臆斷；傲慢(the assumption of responsibilities: the act of starting to have control or power)(His air of assumption made him disliked.)presumption 傲慢；推測(cè)；假定(disrespectful or impolite behavior that shows you are too confident)

bore

V.鉆孔

n.孔 core

v.使厭煩 n.令人討厭的事 pore

v.注視 n.毛孔

a.多孔的 sore

a.疼痛的n.痛處；潰瘍

simplify 簡(jiǎn)化 modify 更改

對(duì)某物作稍微修改使其完善 verify 證實(shí)

rectify 糾正；把不滿(mǎn)意的狀況變成合乎人們所期待的狀況

justify 證明……是有道理的 testify 證明

rectify 糾正；把不滿(mǎn)意的狀況變成合乎人們所期待的狀況 verify 證實(shí) transcription: 抄寫(xiě)；翻譯；副本 subscription：

捐贈(zèng)；訂閱；認(rèn)購(gòu)； prescription 藥方；指令 description： 描述；描繪

attribute

把……歸因于（to）contribute 捐贈(zèng)；投稿

contribute… to 有助于 distribute 分發(fā)；分配 tribute

貢品；勒索的錢(qián)財(cái)；頌詞

attitude 態(tài)度 altitude 高度 aptitude 天資；傾向 latitude 緯度 multitude 人群（a multitude of …許多）

descriptive 說(shuō)明的 prescriptive 規(guī)范的；約定俗成的

interference 干預(yù)（強(qiáng)調(diào)妨礙）interruption 打斷 intervention 介于；在中間起作用 interaction 相互作用

transaction 辦理；交易；學(xué)報(bào)；相反作用 transmission 傳送；傳播；發(fā)送 transformation 轉(zhuǎn)換；改革 transition 變遷；過(guò)渡時(shí)期

contact 接觸；交往；有影響的熟人（tact 圓滑，乖巧，外交手腕）intact

完整無(wú)缺的

possibility 可能性 validity 有效性；正確性 reliability 可靠性 security 保障；安全感

conceivable 可想象的；可相信的 able to be belileved or imagined.E.g.every conceivable means perceivable 可感知的；可認(rèn)識(shí)的

arise: begin to happen(problem, difficulty)e.g.arise from= caused by rise: increase, go upwards, rise, become successful raise: e.g.raise a question;waise your voice arouse: make you become interesting, expect sth.;make sb.angry, afraid;wake sb.When things and prices move upwards on their own, they rise.People or government raise / increase the price.E.g.The government is raising the tax.Respectful 尊重別人的；有禮貌的 Respectable 值得人們尊重的；正派的 Respected 受到人們尊重的 Respective 各自的；各個(gè)的

detain:(officially)prevent sb.from leaving some place（拘留；扣押）

Delay sb.who wants to leave, by talking to them, asking them to do sth.（耽擱；留住）

Attain: succeed in reaching a particular level or in getting sth.after trying for a long time.Retain: keep sb.or continue to have sth.e.g.retain a sense of dignity Certain: 一定 Contain: 容納

Room

房間 Doom 厄運(yùn)；毀滅；定罪 Boom 高潮，迅速發(fā)展 Loom 織布機(jī)

Intense 強(qiáng)烈的

Intentional 有意的；故意的 Intensive 精細(xì)的；強(qiáng)化的 Intending 打算；意欲 intended

assure : tell sb.that sth.with definitely happen.e.g.~sb.that …

be ~ed of: feel certain that sth.will happen ensure: make sure that it does happen(AmE.Insure)e.g.Please ensure that the lights are switched off before leaving the building.Assure can be used in this meaning, but it mainly used in : success, safety.E.g.The band's latest release has assured their success in the rock world.insure: against sth.bad happening to it by paying money to an insurance company.reassure: tell sb.that there is nothing to worry about.e.g.The doctor reassured me that there would be no pain.sometimes 有時(shí) some time 一些時(shí)間 sometime 曾經(jīng)；有朝一日 some times 幾次

hatch 孵化 catch 捉 patch 縫補(bǔ) match 匹配

bare 赤裸裸的；沒(méi)有陳設(shè)的（揭露）rare 稀薄的；稀少的；煎的 care 小心；關(guān)心 dare 敢于 fare 車(chē)船費(fèi)；乘客；伙食 hare 野兔

banish 禁止出入；驅(qū)逐出境；清除；消除（疾病）vanish 突然不見(jiàn)； 逐漸消失 diminish 減少；貶低

admonish 警告；告誡；忠告

durability 耐用性 flexibility 變通性；靈活性 versatility 多才多藝；多功能 hostility 敵意；敵視

co-col-com-con-cor-with(共同)cooperate 合作 coordinate 協(xié)調(diào) correlate 相關(guān) correspond 相符合

collaborate 協(xié)作（與cooperate 同，但多用于科學(xué)和藝術(shù)）

observe 觀(guān)察

reserve 保留座位 conserve 保護(hù)；節(jié)省 preserve 保留 deserve 值得

prior 首先的 superior 優(yōu)先的

inferior 次要的 senior 高級(jí)的 junior 初級(jí)的 exterior 外部的 interior 內(nèi)部的

sparrow 麻雀 swallow 燕子 hollow 空的 sorrow 悲傷 narrow 窄的 pillow 枕頭 arrow 箭

bold 勇敢的 cold 冷的 fold 折疊；褶 gold 金 hold 握 mold 模式 sold 賣(mài)出 told 告訴

migrant

移居者 immigrant 入境移民 immigrate 作為移民定居 immigration 移居；（總稱(chēng)）外來(lái)移民emigrant

出境移民 emigrate

移居外國(guó) emigration 遷移出境；（總稱(chēng)）移民edge 邊沿

hedge 矮樹(shù)籬笆；障礙物

wedge

鍥子；鍥形物；事情的起因 pledge 誓言；典押；保人

deduce 推斷；演繹 reduce 減少 produce 生產(chǎn)

induce 引誘；引起；導(dǎo)致；歸納 seduce 唆使；引入歧途

preclude 排除；杜絕；阻止 exclude 除外

include 包括

form 形式 deform 變形 inform 通知 transform 轉(zhuǎn)變 conform 一致

contempt 輕視 attempt 企圖 prompt 促使；推動(dòng)；激起

敏捷的

except 除…… accept 接受 concept 概念 percept 感知；認(rèn)知

receive 收到 deceive 欺騙 conceive 含有 perceive 知覺(jué)；意識(shí)到；把……看作……

(perceive … as … / take … as … / regard … as … / see … as …)achieve 獲得 believe 相信

grieve 悲痛 relieve 放松

lilac n.淺紫色

antique violet n.古紫色 pansy n.紫羅蘭色 white n.白色

off-white n.灰白色 ivory n.象牙色

snowy white n.雪白色 oyster white n.乳白色 gray n.灰色

charcoal gray n.炭灰色 smoky gray n.煙灰色 misty gray n.霧灰色

第三篇：考博英語(yǔ)詞匯解答技巧

考博英語(yǔ)詞匯解答技巧

一、動(dòng) 詞

動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是博士生入學(xué)英語(yǔ)考試詞匯部分的一個(gè)重要測(cè)試項(xiàng)目。該項(xiàng)目對(duì)考生的測(cè)試點(diǎn)包括：1)動(dòng)詞的認(rèn)知能力和辨別能力；2)動(dòng)詞用法的掌握程度；3)動(dòng)詞搭配關(guān)系的熟練程度。據(jù)初步統(tǒng)計(jì)在碩士研究生入學(xué)考試5500個(gè)詞匯中，大約有五分之一是動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞詞組。因此，掌握好這批詞匯直接關(guān)系到能否通過(guò)博士生入學(xué)英語(yǔ)詞匯部分的考試。

在動(dòng)詞部分中，考生首先應(yīng)該具備較好的認(rèn)知能力，即遇見(jiàn)一個(gè)動(dòng)詞后，能夠較快地確定它的前兩個(gè)或前三個(gè)詞義。如：evolve v.，第一個(gè)詞義是“使發(fā)展”，第二個(gè)詞義是“使進(jìn)化”，第三個(gè)詞義是“推論”。在考試中，檢查考生這一能力的題是比較多的；考生應(yīng)該能夠根據(jù)上下文確定動(dòng)詞的有關(guān)詞義。在具備認(rèn)知能力的基礎(chǔ)上，考生還需掌握這些詞匯的基本用法。如：forbid v.后面不能用to smoke，只能用動(dòng)詞+ing的形式，即smoking；Occur v.(發(fā)生)，只能用于主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，不能以被動(dòng)的形式出現(xiàn)。最后，還要熟悉動(dòng)詞的基本搭配關(guān)系。如：concentrate和associate兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞，其后面的介詞一般只能是on和with。以下是按照上面三種情況出現(xiàn)的詞匯題：

1.The diplomatic relations between the two countries have ____.A.ticked away B.gone out C.broken off D.rung up 2.The Constitution also provides that the organ of state must practice democratic centralism.A.supplies B.specifies C.presents D.withhold 3.As a result, they had to ___ answering their letter by three days.A.decide B.refrain C.surpass D.delay 第一句表示“外交關(guān)系終止”需用動(dòng)詞詞組“break off“。

第二句中的 ”provide"，第一個(gè)詞義是“提供”或“供應(yīng)”，第二個(gè)詞義是“規(guī)定”。四個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)中，“specify” 含有“規(guī)定”的意思，因此B是正確答案。第三句中只有“delay”一詞的后面可以采用動(dòng)名詞，所以應(yīng)該選擇D。

考生在平時(shí)復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)，可以有意識(shí)地按照以上三點(diǎn)記憶動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。在準(zhǔn)備動(dòng)詞詞匯部分時(shí)，考生還需注意以下幾點(diǎn)。

1.不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的詞形變化: 有一定數(shù)量的動(dòng)詞，其過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞與原形不同。這部分詞匯在測(cè)試中起到較強(qiáng)的干擾作用。在5500詞匯中類(lèi)似動(dòng)詞較多，以下僅舉部分例子：

動(dòng)詞原形 過(guò)去式 過(guò)去分詞 bear忍受 bore borne，born bend彎曲 bent bent bid 表示 bade, bid bidden bid breed 繁殖 bred bred abide 遵守abode，abided abode，abided arise 升起 arose arisen awake喚醒 awoke woke, awaken fling 扔，拋 flung flung forbid禁止 forbade, forbad forbidden freeze 結(jié)冰 froze frozen shred 撕碎shredded, shred shredded，shred cast 投，擲 cast cast creep 爬 crept crept dwell 留居dwelt, dwelled dwelt, dwelled 2.動(dòng)詞詞形相近，詞義不同: 有些動(dòng)詞在詞形上相似，但其詞義是不同的?？忌谄綍r(shí)復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)，需注意對(duì)它們的辨別。例： compliment vt.贊美

He is complimented for his fine work.complement vt.補(bǔ)充

They need to complement the factory with more workers.adapt vt.使適應(yīng) We have to adapt our thinking to the new circumstances.adopt vt.采用

They have adopted close planting.類(lèi)似的動(dòng)詞還有：

inquire vt.打聽(tīng)，詢(xún)問(wèn) require vt.要求，命令 compel vt.強(qiáng)迫，迫使屈從 impel vt.促成，推動(dòng) compress vt.擠壓 comprise vt.包括 confirm v.證實(shí) conform v.符合 affect vt.影響 effect vt.產(chǎn)生，引起 award vt.授予！給予 reward vt.獎(jiǎng)賞，報(bào)答 ensure vt.保證，擔(dān)保 insure vt.給??保險(xiǎn) rescue vt.援救，營(yíng)救 secure vt.保護(hù)，使??安全 extinguish vt.熄滅 distinguish vt.區(qū)別，辨別 wander vt.漫游 wonder vt.驚嘆

contract vt.締結(jié)，訂約 contact vt.使接觸 respect vt.尊重 suspect vt.猜想 類(lèi)似的形近義不同的動(dòng)詞還有一些，注意了它們之間的詞義差別，也有利于我們對(duì)這些動(dòng)詞的記憶與辨認(rèn)。

3.動(dòng)詞詞義相近，用法不同 consist vt.一般用于主動(dòng)態(tài)

This class consists of forty students.compose vt.常用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)

This country is composed of ten nations.insist v.后面需用介詞on。

He insisted on going to the hospital tomorrow.persist v.后面需用介詞in。

He persisted in working on this experiment.arrive vi.后面需采用at, in, on等介詞。He arrived in Bejing yesterday.reach vt.及物動(dòng)詞，直接跟賓語(yǔ) They reached the village yesterday.4.動(dòng)詞后需用動(dòng)名詞: 有一批動(dòng)詞的后面只能使用動(dòng)名詞。在詞匯考試部分中,有時(shí)要求考生能夠正確判斷動(dòng)詞的這一用法。這類(lèi)常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞有：

anticipate avoid delay envy escape miss mind risk band enjoy complete imagine consider deny practice acknowledge appreciate favor facilitate postpone quit resent resume include favor deny 例：He will consider giving us a chance to do the experiment.resume permit 5.動(dòng)詞后需用不定式: 英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中，還有一些動(dòng)詞的后面只能使用不定式。這類(lèi)常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞有： claim arrange demand determine expect intend pretend promise afford refuse decide seek agree care learn manage presume desire consent prepare resolve undertake consented decided 例：She refused to offer her help.agreed intended 6.動(dòng)詞后可用動(dòng)名詞或不定式: 還有一些動(dòng)詞的后面即可以使用動(dòng)名詞，也可以使用不定式。常見(jiàn)這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有: continue dislike prefer begin like propose remember deserve regret intend neglect attempt forget 7.動(dòng)詞固定搭配: 動(dòng)詞的固定搭配是英語(yǔ)測(cè)試中的一個(gè)很重要的項(xiàng)目。動(dòng)詞的搭配關(guān)系主要反映在動(dòng)詞與介詞、動(dòng)詞與名詞的關(guān)系上。下面分組做一簡(jiǎn)單的介紹： 1)動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配: call for 要求,需要 call off取消，放棄 carry off 奪取,奪去 come by得到，獲得 come up to達(dá)到,符合cut down削減,降低 break down損害,分解 break off終止,中斷 break out逃出,爆發(fā) break through突破，突圍 bring about 產(chǎn)生,引起 bring forward 提出，提議 drop off 減弱, 減少 drop out退出, 離隊(duì)

get over克服 give away泄漏 get across使人了解 get at夠得著 2)動(dòng)詞與名詞的搭配

arrive at a conclusion 得出結(jié)論 take in to consideration考慮到 commit a crime 犯罪 make a decision 決定

reach an agreement達(dá)成協(xié)議 break one's promise 違約 take action 采取行動(dòng) keep balance 保持平衡

catch one's breath 喘氣 accept a challenge 應(yīng)戰(zhàn) take a risk 承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn) keep sb.company 陪伴某人 keep one's head 保持鎮(zhèn)定 lose heart 失去勇氣 take shape 成型，形成 resist temptation 抵制誘惑 3)動(dòng)詞與名詞和介詞的搭配 have control over 對(duì)??控制 attach importance to 重視

hold an inquiry into sth.某事進(jìn)行調(diào)查 gain an advantage over 勝過(guò)，優(yōu)于 make the acquaintance of sb.結(jié)識(shí)某人 make an apology to sb.向某人道歉 make comments on sth.評(píng)論某事 lose contact with 與??失去聯(lián)系 express sympathy for 對(duì)某人表示慰問(wèn)

二.名詞(一)名詞的特點(diǎn)

英語(yǔ)和其他語(yǔ)種一樣，其名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞以及連詞都有各自不同的特點(diǎn)。在學(xué)習(xí)名詞時(shí)，應(yīng)注意名詞的一些特點(diǎn)。奉節(jié)著重談一下名詞的構(gòu)成和名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。1.名詞的構(gòu)成

(1)除了英語(yǔ)本族語(yǔ)及少量外來(lái)語(yǔ)等拼寫(xiě)簡(jiǎn)單的名詞外，名詞多數(shù)是由希臘及拉丁詞根加上前綴、后綴構(gòu)成。大量的名詞后綴是表示性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和行為的。如：-ance importance(重要性)-ence independence(獨(dú)立)-ion selection(選擇)-ition addition(增加)-sion conclusion(結(jié)論)-ation hydration(水化)-ity productivity(生產(chǎn)力)-ment movement(運(yùn)動(dòng))-ship hardship(艱難)-ness weariness(厭倦)-y difficulty(困難)表示“??人”、“??者”的后綴，除了-er、-or、-ar、-ee、-eer、-ese、-ess等大家熟悉的以外，還有：-ian musician(音樂(lè)家)-ain captain(船長(zhǎng))-ant occupant(居住者)-ent dependent(依賴(lài)他人者)-ary secretary(書(shū)記，秘書(shū))-yer lawyer(律師)sawyer(鋸木工)-ate candidate(候選人)-al rival(對(duì)手)-ist socialist(社會(huì)主義者)-icist physicist(物理學(xué)家)表示地點(diǎn)、處所的有：-age orphanage(孤兒院)-ium auditorium(禮堂)-ary granary(谷倉(cāng))-ery surgery(手術(shù)室)-ory laboratory(實(shí)驗(yàn)室)表示科技學(xué)科名稱(chēng)及觀(guān)測(cè)試驗(yàn)方法或技術(shù)的有：-graphy seismography(地震測(cè)量法)-ic logic(邏輯學(xué))-ics electronics(電子學(xué))-logy zoology(動(dòng)物學(xué))在認(rèn)知名詞時(shí)，也切忌望文生義。如下列單詞，似乎不是名詞，但它們確實(shí)是名詞。請(qǐng)寫(xiě)出它們的詞義：

1.wireless___ 2.captive___ 2.coefficient ___ 4.graduate ___ 5.alternative____ 6.exclusive____ 7.combustible____ 8.functionary ____(2)有些名詞是由其他詞類(lèi)轉(zhuǎn)換而來(lái)。如由形容詞轉(zhuǎn)來(lái)的the old(老年人)，the wounded(受傷者，傷員)，the sick(病人)；由短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞come out轉(zhuǎn)來(lái)的outcome(結(jié)果)，cry out轉(zhuǎn)來(lái)的outcry(強(qiáng)烈反對(duì))，還有well－being(福利)，等等。2.詞的復(fù)數(shù)

改-y為-i+-es，在-o后加-es或-s，改-f為-v+-es，大家都已熟知。研究生英語(yǔ) 大綱及有關(guān)詞匯表所列名詞中有一些大家不太熟悉的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。現(xiàn)介紹如下：(1)以-f結(jié)尾的名詞，構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)只加-s，如：

cliffs(懸崖)griefs(憂(yōu)愁)gulfs(海灣)proofs(證據(jù))有些以-f結(jié)尾的名詞可有兩種復(fù)數(shù)形式。如： dwarf-dwarfs／dwarves(侏儒)hoof-hoofs／hooves(蹄)handkerchief--handkerchiefs／handkerchieves(手帕)(2)源自拉丁語(yǔ)、希臘語(yǔ)及法語(yǔ)的一部分外來(lái)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式仍然保留不變。1)來(lái)自拉丁語(yǔ)的： stratum／strata(地層)larva／larvae(昆蟲(chóng)的幼蟲(chóng))stimulus／stimuli(刺激)bacterium／bacteria(細(xì)菌)2)來(lái)自希臘語(yǔ)的：

analysis／analyses(分析)hypothesis／hypotheses(假設(shè))synopsis／synopses(概要, 大意)thesis／theses(論文，論題)criterion／criteria(標(biāo)準(zhǔn))phenomenon／phenomena(現(xiàn)象)(3)一些外來(lái)詞兼有原有復(fù)數(shù)形式和英語(yǔ)規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)形式。外來(lái)詞 原有復(fù)數(shù) 英語(yǔ)規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)

nucleus(拉)nuclei nucleuses(原子核)syllabus(拉)syllabi syllabuses(大綱, 課程表)medium(拉)media mediums(媒體)symposium(拉)symposia symposiums(座談會(huì))appendix(拉)appendices appendixes(附錄，盲腸)plateau(法)plateaux plateaus(高地)(4)復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。

1).daughter-in-law----daughters-in-law)2).looker-on--lookers-on(旁觀(guān)者)3).man-servant--menservants(男仆)4).air-raid--air-raids(空襲)stand-by-stand-bys(可依靠的人或物)(5)一些名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)意義不同。kindness(善意)---kindnesses(善行)anxiety(焦慮)----anxieties(令人憂(yōu)慮之事)security(安全)----securities(證券，債券)(6)有些名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式兼有單數(shù)形式的意義和新的意義。colour顏色 colours顏色／軍旗 letter字母;信

letters字母;信／文學(xué),學(xué)問(wèn) manner方式，方法 manners方式，方法／禮貌 pain痛 pains痛／努力 scale鱗；尺度 scales鱗；尺度／磅秤(二)同義詞學(xué)習(xí)

我們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)名詞時(shí)碰到的問(wèn)題主要是認(rèn)知方面的。準(zhǔn)確地掌握名詞所表示的概念的外延和內(nèi)涵是學(xué)會(huì)正確使用名詞的基礎(chǔ)。學(xué)習(xí)同義詞是幫助我們更好地認(rèn)知、理解、掌握名詞的方法之一。學(xué)習(xí)同義詞時(shí)要注意不能從中文釋義出發(fā)，而應(yīng)仔細(xì)研究英文原文定義及注釋?zhuān)闱迕~所表示的概念的內(nèi)涵和外延。例如：

The reproductive potentialities of aphides are unmatched in the insect world.A.1atent capacity B.power C.strength D.mentality potentialities，latent capacity，power，strength和mentality這些詞都有“力”這個(gè) 概念的內(nèi)涵，相當(dāng)于邏輯上講的“各個(gè)種概念都具有屬概念的內(nèi)涵”。但這些詞又有各自特有的內(nèi)涵，這些內(nèi)涵又屬于“力”的不同外延。potentiality：power or quality which is potential，and needs development，指潛能，潛力；與latent capacity“隱藏的能力”一致。power：1)ability to do or act指行動(dòng)的能力;2)faculty of the body or mind指精力，體力，智力；3)strength or force指力，力氣；4)energy or force that can be used to work指動(dòng)力，機(jī)力；5)right，control，authority指權(quán)，權(quán)力，勢(shì)力。Strength: 1)quality of being strong指力量、強(qiáng)度；2)power measured by numbers of persons present or persons who can be used指實(shí)力，兵力或人數(shù)。mentality：general intellectual character；degree of intellectual power指精神力，智力。

在于解了上述各詞的共同點(diǎn)(即“屬概念”的內(nèi)涵)，又明白了它們各自的特有屬性(即“種概念”的內(nèi)涵)后，區(qū)別它們也就不難了：potentiality和latent capacity的內(nèi)涵一樣，是同義詞；power是最基本的“行動(dòng)能力”，又具有“力”的不同外延如精力、體力、智力、動(dòng)力、機(jī)力、權(quán)力、勢(shì)力；strength除了具有“力”的不同外延如實(shí)力、兵力外，則強(qiáng)調(diào)力量的“quality'’；mentality則主要指智力及其 “degree”。

此外，表示“環(huán)境”的名詞也有好幾個(gè)。settings具體指舞臺(tái)背景，故事發(fā)生地點(diǎn)，背景音樂(lè)等。它和environment在此時(shí)是一個(gè)意思，即外部環(huán)境。circumstance的單、復(fù)數(shù)都是指外部的環(huán)境，相關(guān)的人或事，有影響力的人或事。condition的復(fù)數(shù)表示環(huán)境、情形等外部狀況，和circumstances同義。surrounding的單、復(fù)數(shù)也是指周?chē)挛铮础碍h(huán)境”。但要表示舞臺(tái)背景，故事背景，背景音樂(lè)等意思，還是得用“setting(s)”?？傊?，學(xué)習(xí)同義詞時(shí)要多研讀英文釋義，認(rèn)真體會(huì)，才能獲得真經(jīng)。

三、形容詞

形容詞是博士入學(xué)英浯考試詞匯部分的一個(gè)重要測(cè)試項(xiàng)目。因?yàn)樾稳菰~是英語(yǔ)三大實(shí)詞之一，是英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言文字中意義較豐富、用法較積極的一部分。該項(xiàng)目的測(cè)試點(diǎn)包括：1)形容詞的認(rèn)知能力和辨別能力；2)詞形及詞義相近的形容詞的區(qū)分；3)形容詞和介詞的搭配。在國(guó)家頒布的碩士生和博士生英語(yǔ)教學(xué)大綱附錄的詞匯表中有相當(dāng)比例的形容詞及與其緊密相關(guān)的副詞，在各種研究生入學(xué)考試和模擬考試中也涉及為數(shù)不少的形容詞。掌握好形容詞有助于考生考試時(shí)答題順利，也為全面掌握英語(yǔ)這門(mén)語(yǔ)言打下基礎(chǔ)。考生平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)中應(yīng)注意積累大量詞匯，每學(xué)一個(gè)單詞要知道它的詞性、主要詞義及其與介詞的搭配。認(rèn)知能力和辨別能力是基礎(chǔ)、就是說(shuō)，見(jiàn)到一組形容詞首先要清楚它們的基本含義和用法；其次是辨別這組形容詞詞義和用法的不同；再次是把這些詞義和用法與句子具體的語(yǔ)境結(jié)合起來(lái)，最后就可確定題目的正確答案。此類(lèi)題目出現(xiàn)頻率較高。例如：

1.TV sets are rapidly becoming accessible to the people in the remote areas.A.doubtful B.obtainable C.imaginary D.negligible 2.All the off-shore explorers were in good mood when they read ____ letters from their family.A.affectionate B.intimate C.passionate D.considerate 3.All the girls seem to be ____ of her beauty and intelligence.A.envious B.indifferent C.distinct D.enthusiastic 例句1題干中 “accessible”詞義為“可以接近的，可以弄到的”，選項(xiàng)中doubtful為“持懷疑態(tài)度的”；obtainable“可以獲得的”；imaginary“想象中的”。答案顯然是B。例句2中的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的拼寫(xiě)有些類(lèi)似。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和閱讀，我們可以確定句子需要一個(gè)含有“充滿(mǎn)感情的”含義的詞，affectionate便是答案了。例句3中只有envious(嫉妒的，羨幕的)和介詞of搭配。

考生在考前復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)要注意下面幾個(gè)方面的問(wèn)題，它們極易成為出題的重點(diǎn)：

1.注意詞形相近的形容詞。如：conspicuous，miraculous，meticulous，incredulous，2.注意積累大量的同義詞和反義詞。如wonderful的同義詞有：marvelous, excellent，extraordinary，remarkable，miraculous，prodigious等。如generous的反義詞有：miserly，mean，stingy，selfish等。

3.注意把形容詞的學(xué)習(xí)和動(dòng)詞的學(xué)習(xí)結(jié)合起來(lái)。如：indicate-indicative；receive--receptive；inquire-inquisitive等。

4.注意把形容詞的學(xué)習(xí)和名詞結(jié)合起。如：defect-defective，intention-intentional等。

5.注意以-1y結(jié)尾的單詞的詞性。名詞加-1y多構(gòu)成形容詞。如：heavenly，womanly，worldly等。

6.注意有的單詞在拼寫(xiě)不變的情況下既是名詞，又是形容詞。如：choice goods上等品；quality apple優(yōu)等蘋(píng)果；minute particles微小的顆粒。7.注意有些不規(guī)則形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的變化形式。如：

原級(jí) 比較級(jí) 最高級(jí) good better best bad worse worst little less(1esser)least far farther(further)farthest(furthest)考生在復(fù)習(xí)當(dāng)中要注意學(xué)會(huì)用歸納法和聯(lián)想法記憶單詞。下面舉幾個(gè)形容詞和介詞搭配的例子。

1.與介詞搭配的形容詞：

guilty, jealous, envious, ignorant, hopeful, aware, conscious, considerate, thoughtful, desirous, short, irrespective, exclusive, independent, tolerant, worthy, capable, sure, certain, confident, critical, characteristic, suspicious, dubious, wary 等等 2.與介詞 to 搭配的形容詞: accessible, available, accustomed, adjacent, advantageous, beneficial, alert, alien, agreeable, comparative, attentive, awake, pertinent, relevant, subject, susceptible, contrary 等等 3.與介詞 with 搭配的形容詞: consistent, compatible, identical, popular, satisfied等等

扼要介紹以上內(nèi)容，希望起到拋磚引玉的作用。英語(yǔ)考試大綱中沒(méi)有明確規(guī)定哪些詞匯和短語(yǔ)需要熟練掌握，哪些只需要認(rèn)識(shí)。因此，考生要盡可能多地熟練掌握考試大綱所涉及的詞匯和詞組。

四、副 詞

副詞也是博士生入學(xué)英語(yǔ)考試中的一個(gè)重要項(xiàng)目。在這部分詞類(lèi)中，要求考生能夠正確地識(shí)別副詞的形式以及詞義。在這一章中，我們將介紹副詞的分類(lèi)、用法、構(gòu)成及特點(diǎn)，幫助考生熟悉考試的形式。(一)副詞的分類(lèi)

副詞按其詞義和作用可分為下列幾類(lèi)：

1.時(shí)間副詞，如：yesterday，tomorrow，today，last，ago，recently，immediately，nowadays，still，just等。

2.頻率副詞，如：never, sometimes, often, usually, hardly, seldom，always, frequently等。

3.地點(diǎn)、方向副詞，如：here，there，outside，west，left，straight，over，on, in, out，off, somewhere，anywhere，up，down，over，away等。

4.方式副詞，如：awkwardly，largely，neatly，quickly，well，together，slowly，fast等。

5.強(qiáng)調(diào)副詞，如：very，quite，too，more，extremely，so，pretty，terribly，wholly，almost，entirely，even，only等。

6.疑問(wèn)、連接副詞，如：when，where，why，how，whenever，however，wherever等。(二)副詞的用法

1.修飾動(dòng)詞: The girl threw the ball quickly.2.修飾形容詞: The job is too hard to him.3.修飾其他副詞: He drives rather fast.4.修飾小品詞: They let her well behind.5.修飾不定代詞和數(shù)詞：

Nearly everybody came to out party.7.修飾名詞：Life here is full of Joy.9.修飾全句：

Ordinarily we eat breakfast at seven.(三)副詞的構(gòu)成

1.大多數(shù)副詞是由形容詞加后綴-ly 構(gòu)成的。如：politely，sadly；當(dāng)形容詞以-y結(jié)尾時(shí)。在加-1y之前，先變-y為-i：heavily，busily；以-1e結(jié)尾時(shí)去-e加-y即可： simply，ably；以-ll結(jié)尾時(shí)，只需加-y: dully，shrilly；以-ic結(jié)尾時(shí)，則在-ic之后加-ally: economically，basically等。

2.由名詞加-ly構(gòu)成的副詞，如：weekly，monthly，yearly。3.由數(shù)詞加-1y構(gòu)成的副詞，如：firstly。4.由不定代詞加-1y構(gòu)成的副詞，如：mostly。5.由介詞加-ly構(gòu)成的副詞，如：overly。

6.由短語(yǔ)加-1y構(gòu)成的副詞, 如: matter-of-factly。7.由各種詞類(lèi)加前綴-a或后綴-fashion，-ways，-style構(gòu)成的副詞，如：alike，round，aloud，sideways，cowboy-style等。

8.有些副詞由介詞或地點(diǎn)名詞加后綴-ward(s)構(gòu)成，意義是“向?”。如: backward(s)，downward(s)，forward(s)，northward(s)，onward(s)，upward(s)等。

9.另外，有些副詞是由名詞加后綴-wise構(gòu)成，表示方向、位置、狀態(tài)、樣子等，如：clockwise，crabwise，lengthwise等。

四、與形容詞同形的副詞

有些形容詞與副詞同形，但有著不同的句法功能。如： We had an early breakfast.We had breakfast early.early在第一句中是形容詞，做定語(yǔ)；在第二句中是副詞，做狀語(yǔ)。有些表示時(shí)間的如：daily，weekly，quarterly，monthly，yearly也能做如此用法。(五)兼有兩種形式的副詞

有些副詞有兩種形式：一是與形容詞同形，二是由該形容詞加-1y構(gòu)成。這兩種不同的形式，有些含義相同，有些略有不同，有些完全不同。如： 1.close做“近”解：

He lives close to the school.He was following close behind.做其他解釋時(shí)用closely： Watch what I do closely.The prisons were closely guarded..2.dead做“突然地, 完全地”解： She stopped dead.在非正式用語(yǔ)中作“完全地”“直接地”解： He was dead tired.The wind was dead against us.deadly做“死一般地”或“非?！苯?，例如：deadly pale，deadly serious，deadly dull等。3.direct做“直線(xiàn)地”“不繞圈子地”解： The train goes there direct.The next flight doesn’t go direct to Rome;it goes by way of Paris.做“直接地”(即“間接地”的反義詞)解時(shí)用directly： He was looking directly at us.She answered me very directly and openly.directly也可以做“立即”或“馬上”解： Answer me directly.Let's meet directly after lunch.有些詞，如：above，in, on，around，away，off等，在與動(dòng)詞搭配時(shí)，其后面沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)，這些詞是做副詞。請(qǐng)看以下例句： They looked around.Let’s go on with the work.上面兩句中的around和on都是副詞。(六)副詞的詞序

1.副詞修飾形容詞、副詞時(shí)，通常放在被修飾詞的前面。The building is very high.He came long before the appointed time.2.副詞修飾動(dòng)詞。

不及物動(dòng)詞+副詞：She speaks well.及物動(dòng)詞+受詞+副詞：She speaks English well.3.地點(diǎn)副詞和時(shí)間副詞可置于句首或句末，放在句首時(shí)語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)。I was born in Zhejiang in 1963.4.頻度副詞的位置。

在一般動(dòng)詞前：They always say so.有be動(dòng)詞時(shí)，在be動(dòng)詞后： I am always busy.有助動(dòng)詞時(shí)，在助動(dòng)詞和本動(dòng)詞之間：This job will never be finished.5.兩個(gè)以上的副詞詞序。單位較小者+單位較大者：

The school is situated at the fifth street, Beijing, China.6.兩個(gè)以上不種類(lèi)的副詞詞序。地點(diǎn)+狀態(tài)+次數(shù)+時(shí)間：

She arrived there safely the other day.程度十狀態(tài)+地點(diǎn)十時(shí)間：

They played fairly well there yesterday.五、介 詞

介詞是英語(yǔ)中最活躍的詞類(lèi)之一。一些常用介詞的搭配能力非常強(qiáng)，可用來(lái)表示各種不同的意思，大部分的習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)都是由介詞和其他詞構(gòu)成的，所以介詞出現(xiàn)在英語(yǔ)測(cè)試的各個(gè)項(xiàng)目中。對(duì)介詞的測(cè)試點(diǎn)主要包括：1)一些主要介詞的基本意思的掌握程度；2)介詞與其他詞特別是動(dòng)詞、形容詞和名詞的搭配的掌握程度。所以在準(zhǔn)備介詞詞匯時(shí)，考生應(yīng)該注意以下幾點(diǎn)：

1.介詞在句子中不能獨(dú)立充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分，而是需要和一個(gè)名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)一起構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)，從而在句子中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。能和介詞一起構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)的有： 1)名詞。如：

The car crashed into the train, and two men in it were killed on the spot.2)代詞。如：

“What does your car look like?” “That is similar in shape with yours.” 3)動(dòng)名詞(短語(yǔ))。如：

The prosecutor accused the man of smuggling.4)由連接代(副)詞引起的從句或不定式短語(yǔ)。如： I am preparing for what to say in the interview.2.關(guān)于介詞和動(dòng)詞的搭配，考生應(yīng)該注意：

1)在什么動(dòng)詞后需要跟什么介詞，如：rely on依靠，指望；consult with和?商議；remark on就??發(fā)表看法，評(píng)論。2)同一個(gè)動(dòng)詞在什么情況下跟不同的介詞，如：match to使和??相等／match up調(diào)諧，相配；使互相吻合／match up to跟上??的水平(形勢(shì)等)；gear to使合適／gear up促進(jìn)，增加。

3.不同的形容詞后有時(shí)需跟特定的介詞，如：be strict with 對(duì)?嚴(yán)格； be sick for 思念；be loyal to忠于。

4.不同的名詞后也常常需跟不同的介詞。如：confidence in對(duì)?的信心；satisfaction with對(duì)??滿(mǎn)意；loyalty to對(duì)??的忠誠(chéng)。

5.介詞還可以和名詞構(gòu)成成語(yǔ)。如：for instance例如；in proportion成比例，按正確比例，按本來(lái)大小(看事物)，客觀(guān)地；in general通常，大體上，一般而言。

六.連 詞

連詞是一種虛詞，不能獨(dú)立擔(dān)任句子成分，只起連接詞與詞、短語(yǔ)與短語(yǔ)以及句子與句子的作用。連詞一般分為并列連詞(連接平行的詞、詞組或分句)和從屬連詞(用來(lái)引起分句)。除了連詞外，許多連接代詞、連接副詞、關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞都可以用來(lái)引起一個(gè)從句。還有一些副詞，如anyway，therefore，also，still等也有類(lèi)似的作用。另外，有些詞組，如: on the other hand，for that reason等也可以幫助前后文更加連貫。考生在準(zhǔn)備連詞時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下幾個(gè)問(wèn)題。

1.連接兩個(gè)分句，一個(gè)連詞就夠了。容易出錯(cuò)的典型例子是： Although he was tired, but he went to work.Because she liked him, so she went out with him.在上面所提到的兩個(gè)例子中，我們可以選用although或but，because或so，不能 同時(shí)使用兩個(gè)連詞。但是連接三個(gè)分句時(shí)，可以用兩個(gè)連詞。如：

Although he was tired, he went to work, but he didn't stay there long.類(lèi)似的錯(cuò)誤還有把that和where，how或whether連在一起用。如： I asked him that how he was working.l wondered that where he lived.2.關(guān)系代詞who，whom和which的一個(gè)特殊用法是可以連接分句。所以它們既是代詞，又是連詞。容易出錯(cuò)的典型例子是： He never listens to the advice which I give it to her.在該句中it是多余的，which連接兩個(gè)分句，同時(shí)又代替it而成為第二個(gè)分句的賓語(yǔ)。3.That經(jīng)常用來(lái)代替which和who，但是不常用that來(lái)代替where和when。容易 出錯(cuò)的典型例子是: The house that she lives is very small.正確的句子應(yīng)該是：

The house where she lives is very small.The house that she lives in is very small.4.連詞不能單獨(dú)和一個(gè)分句連用。連接詞要連接兩個(gè)分句，而這兩個(gè)分句一般要 寫(xiě)成一句話(huà)，即不能寫(xiě)成中間用句號(hào)隔開(kāi)的兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子。容易出錯(cuò)的典型例子是： When I came back home.It was late.正確的句子應(yīng)該是：

When I came back home it was late.

第四篇：浙江大學(xué)考博英語(yǔ)詞匯部分

浙江大學(xué)考博英語(yǔ)詞匯部分（全）

發(fā)布: 2008-5-13 14:54 | 作者: 陸向武 | 來(lái)源: kaobo.cn | 查看: 829次

1.Hoping that he might be able to _____the problem,I asked Manio to look at the engine.A.shed light on

B.make light of C.bring light to

D.set light to

2.His_____ and unwillingless to learn from others prevent him from being an effective member of the team.A.arrogance B.dignity C.humility D.solitude 3.The economy grew at its fastest rate since 1980 thanks to a(n)______in world trade.A.inflation B.stimulus C.bulge D.boom

4.He decided he was going to take______ for the murder of his sister

A.refuge B.testify C.certify D.allege

5.No one expected him to ____against his former employer.A.dedare B.testify C.certify D.allege 6.Rachel was the_____choice for the job thanks to her communication skills

A.unanimous B.genuine C.harmnious D.agreeable

7.The police detective put together the pieces of evidence to form on ____ account.A.senstive B.genuine C.expressive D.coherent

8.You should have your eyes examined_____to be sure of your eyesight.A.periodically B.persistently C.continuously D.continually

9.You should treat those remarks with the ___ that they deserve don’t give them a second thought.A.negative B.disgrace C.contempt D.sarcasm The book is a rain attempt to ____ the name of one of the worst dictators in modern history.A.worship B.glorify C.adore D.cherish The government is seeking to ___ itself from the latest financial.A.detach B.extract C.derive D.ease Heavy rainful in the south of England means that flooding is____ A.imminent B.momentous C.transient D.prospective He____ his assistant to pick up the plans from the office.A.dispose B.dispensed C.dispatched D.dispersed I didn't ignore her_____ just didn't recognize her.A.attentively B.intensively C.intentionally D.intensely You will only be allowed to leave early in_____ circumstances

A.exceptional B.concidental C.peculiar D.imperative

參考答案：A A D B B A D A A B B A C C A

浙江大學(xué)考博英語(yǔ)04年春詞匯題

1.It is important to keep the factory working at ____ efficiency all the time.A optimistic B optimum C optical D optional

2.We need to take steps to counter the _____ decline in our export market.A lingering B chronic C lengthy D abiding

3.Her handwriting is so bad that it is barely____

A legible B intelligible C distinctive D conceivable

4.We are going to____ what were learned so for by doing some revision exercise today.A consolidate B reinforce C affirm D conform

5.Kerin made one last____attempt to persuade Sandra to go with him and then left

A considerable B trival C futile D resultant 6.The school agree to ___ their decision until they had spoken to his parents.A convert B retain C deter D expel

7.Repullican Party member were confidently ____ victory even as the first few votes come in

A acclaining B reclaining C exclaining D proclaiming 8.The___between the two sets of figures suggests that someone had been stealing money from the bank

A discrepancy B conflict C contrast D divergence

9.The idea that a good night sleep will cure everything is a complete _____

A defect B fallacy C fraud D abuse Before a bill can become law it has to have the full ____ of both Houses of Parliament.A justification B warrant C endorsement D verification 11 The image is ____ by a series of lenses within the telescope A maginfied B signified C extended D expanded Strangely enough the most obvious explanation did not ___ Juckie until the next day

A stumble on B occur to C come up with D stand up to The government wants a 3% inflation rate,but is this a ___ objective?

A reflective B flexible C feeble D feasible She has still ___ by what happened in Bancelona,although she had left 20years earlier

A haunted B frequented C recalled D sustained The hands on my alarm clock are____.So I can tell time in the dark

A imminent B luminous C illumination D illustrative

參考答案：B B A A C B D A B C A B D A B

浙江大學(xué)考博英語(yǔ)04年秋詞匯題

（大部分與03年秋以及04年春詞匯部分重復(fù)，不同的有）1.You can't cure a common cold, but you can ____ the symptoms.A moderate B alleviate C dilute D subdue 2.For years scientists have been ___ by the strange circles that have appeared in cornfields.A tangled B terrified C evoked D baffled

3.The flood was a___ from which Bangladesh has never really recored.A calamity B downfall C reverse D scandal Our company's management____negotiations on a new union contract

A launched B triggered C terminated D preserved

參考答案：B D A A

浙江大學(xué)考博英語(yǔ)05年春詞匯題

1.If wool is submerged in hot water,it tend to___

A snap B shrink C fade D condense 2.His last play was ___ by the critics as a masterpiece

A claimed B proclaimed C exclaimed D acclaimed

3.It is the builder’s job to make sure that the house conforms to the architects___ in every way.A regulations B specialities C essentials D specifications 4.Your letter has been___ to the authority concerned.A transited B transfered C transported D transmitted

5.Among her many___ are loyalty ,courage andtruthfulness

A virtues B morals C characters D graces The soldiers___ their arms as thay marched.A swayed B swung C swerved D swelled

7.The country's constitution___ the ideals of equality and freedom.A embodies B symbolizes C marks D represents

8.It was ___ whether the patient will survive the operation A vague B suspicious C ambiguous D doubtful 9, The brochure______us into thinking that our hotel was only five minutes from the beach A trapped B frightened C engaged D misled “I'm far too busy to talk to you now.”

he said,in his usual____manner.A rigid B steep C abrupt D stern 11 He's rich and keeps____about how much money he's got to impress people

A exaggerating B boasting C admiring D inspiring She was____enough to realize right from the start that he was lying.A initiative B pervasive C imaginative D perceptive The two countries___ their peace efforts after a break of two and a half years

A rebuked B renewed C reviewed D reclaimed People always greet each other warmly,____ their different origins and beliefs.A in regard to B in contrast with C with respect to D regardless of The express train from London___ on time.A pulled up B pulled over C pulled in D pulled through

參考答案：B D D B A B A D D C B D B D C

第五篇：考博英語(yǔ)詞匯和翻譯練習(xí)題

考博英語(yǔ)練習(xí)題

1.Daily nutrition, weight, and physical activities in the family will largely determine whether your children are _____ to children diabetes.A.likely B.susceptible C.influential D.Sustainable 2.The accusations we bring against others should be ____ ourselves;they should not ____ complacency and easy judgments on our part concerning our own moral conduct.A.denigration of.., exclude B.instructions to...equate C.parodies of...satirize D.warnings to...justify 【翻譯練習(xí)】

1、英譯漢參考譯文

The researchers, from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, say when people are living together they share behaviors, such as eating meals together and watching TV.The scientists also note that marriage provides a number of health benefits, including decreased cigarette smoking and lower mortality.2、漢譯英

上海舉行的峰會(huì)可以促進(jìn)六國(guó)之間的友好合作關(guān)系。【參考答案】 1.B 【句子大意】每日汲取的營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分，體重和在家鍛煉很大程度上決定您的孩子是否容易患上兒童糖尿病。

【精析】likely“很可能的，合適的”；susceptible“易受影響的”；influential“有影響的，有勢(shì)力的”；sustainable“可以忍受的，足可支撐的”；故選B項(xiàng)。2.D 【句子大意】那些對(duì)他人的控告應(yīng)該視為對(duì)我們自己的一個(gè)警告；我們不能夠僅憑自身道德行徑就有理由去妄下定論并且驕傲自滿(mǎn)。

【精析】denigration of 詆毀，貶損；exclude排除，排斥；instructions教導(dǎo)，說(shuō)明；equate使相等，視為平等；parodies of模仿，效仿；satirize諷刺，挖苦；Warnings to警告；justify證明合法。根據(jù)原文，可根據(jù)第一句話(huà)，首先排除AC選項(xiàng)，對(duì)他人的控告不能是對(duì)自身的一種詆毀，或效仿。故選D項(xiàng)?！痉g參考答案】

1、英譯漢參考譯文

北卡羅來(lái)納大學(xué)教堂山分校(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill)的研究人員說(shuō)，兩個(gè)人生活在一起就會(huì)一同行動(dòng)，比如說(shuō)一塊兒吃飯看電視?？茖W(xué)家們還強(qiáng)調(diào)，婚姻會(huì)帶來(lái)許多健康方面的好處，比如說(shuō)少抽煙，死亡率也會(huì)降低。

2、漢譯英參考答案

The Summit Sessions held in Shanghai could foster better relations and cooperation between the six counties.================================= 1.Dozens of scientific groups all over the world have been ______ the goal of a practical and economical way to use sunlight to split water molecules.A.chasing B.reaching C.pursuing D.winning 2.Scientists believe that a conclusion which is drawn readily before all of the relevant data are collected, analyzed and contemplated is called ______.A.insincere B.premise C.presumption D.premature 【翻譯練習(xí)】

1、英譯漢

The Wall Street bank said it earned $1bn, or $1.69 a share, in the second quarter, up from $683m, or $1.13 a share, a year earlier.Strong fixed-income trading results offset a sharp drop in debt-underwriting revenue.2、漢譯英

只有那些不怕困難的人，才有可能在工作中取得卓越的成果?！緟⒖即鸢浮?1.C 許多世界各地的科學(xué)團(tuán)體一直追求利用太陽(yáng)光分解水分子這一經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)用方式的目標(biāo)。【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。chase“追逐，追捕”；reach“達(dá)到，抵達(dá)，伸出”；pursue“繼續(xù)，追求，追趕”；win“贏得，在??中獲勝”。由關(guān)鍵詞have been“一直在（表示持續(xù)狀態(tài)”及“goal”可推知“追求目標(biāo)”符合，由此知C項(xiàng)正確。2.C 【句意】科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為在所有的相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)被收集、分析和考慮之前輕易得出的結(jié)論被稱(chēng)為推定。

【解析】名詞及形容詞詞義辨析。insincere“（形容詞）不誠(chéng)實(shí)的，虛假的”；premise“前提，假設(shè)”；presumption“假定，推定”；premature“早產(chǎn)兒，過(guò)早發(fā)生的事物”。由關(guān)鍵詞conclusion“結(jié)論”及“before all of the relevant data are collected, analyzed and contemplated”可推知“稱(chēng)為推定”符合，由此知C項(xiàng)正確。【翻譯參考答案】

1、英譯漢參考譯文

這家華爾街銀行表示，第二季度它的每股收益為10億美元，合每股1.69美元，高于上年同期的6.83億美元，即每股1.13美元。強(qiáng)勁的固定收益交易業(yè)績(jī)抵消了債券承銷(xiāo)收入的大幅下降。

2、漢譯英參考答案

Only those who are not afraid of any difficulties have the chance of achieving outstanding results in their work.================================ 1.The Chinese language differs _____ from the English language because of their different writing system and pronunciation.A)considerably B)consistently C)confidently D)continually 2.Everyone is trying to _____ how the fire started.A)figure out B)make out C)turn out D)clear out 【翻譯練習(xí)】

1、英譯漢

We live in an ascending scale when we live happily, one thing leading to another in an endless series.There is always a new horizon for onward-looking men, and although we dwell on a small planet, immersed in petty business and not enduring beyond a brief period of years, we are so constituted that our hopes are inaccessible, like stars, and the term of hoping is prolonged until the term of life.To be truly happy is a question of how we begin and not of how we end, of what we want and not of what we have.2、漢譯英

那種情況出現(xiàn)時(shí),這種反應(yīng)并不錯(cuò)，這是人類(lèi)用道德觀(guān)念進(jìn)行推理的本能在起作用。這種本能應(yīng)得到鼓勵(lì), 而不應(yīng)遭到嘲弄?！緟⒖即鸢浮?1.A 【句意】漢語(yǔ)與英語(yǔ)有很大的不同，因?yàn)閮烧叩奈淖趾桶l(fā)音不同。

【解析】詞義辨析題。considerably相當(dāng)；consistently始終；confidently 自信地；continually不斷地。2.A 【句意】每個(gè)人都試圖弄懂是如何起火的。

【解析】詞組辨析題。figure out 猜測(cè)，弄懂；make out起草，理解；turn out生產(chǎn)，變成；clear out 離開(kāi)，騰出，清理。

1、英譯漢參考譯文

正是因?yàn)椴煌５刈非筮M(jìn)取，我們才感到生活幸福。一件事完成后，另一件隨之而來(lái)，如此連綿不絕，永無(wú)止境。對(duì)于往前看的人來(lái)說(shuō)，眼前總有一番新天地。雖然我們蝸居于這顆小行星上，整日忙于瑣事且生命短暫，但我們生來(lái)就有不盡的希望，如天上繁星，遙不可及。只要生命猶在，希望便會(huì)不止。真正的幸福在于怎樣開(kāi)始，而不是如何結(jié)束，在于我們的希翼，而并非擁有。

2、漢譯英參考答案

When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankind's instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.================================= 1.Now that the excitement of celebrating has had a chance to _____, it's time to turn the Olympic ideal into reality.A)cut off B)carry off C)turn off D)wear off 2._____, wings for the common man had to await the dawn of the space age to go back to the simplicity of their beginnings.A)Consequently B)Regularly C)Ironically

D)Comprehensively 【翻譯練習(xí)】

1、英譯漢

The 21st century is named as the era of “Internet as the king”.Cyberspace will be an important strategic resource in this century.Network economy has great influence on the traditional economic theories and even changes them.Network economy has obvious scale effect.A greater scale promises more clients, products of more standard level, more business opportunities and thus much more interests.No matter how miraculous the Internet is, it cannot exist independently without traditional economy.Without traditional economy, network economy will be like the fountain without water and the trees without roots, which will not make a sustainable development.2、漢譯英

他在科研上取得的成就要比預(yù)期的大?！?.11）參考答案 1.D 【句意】既然慶祝的興奮感已經(jīng)消失了，現(xiàn)在是把奧林匹克理想變成現(xiàn)實(shí)的時(shí)候了。

【解析】詞組辨析題。cut off 斷掉，切斷；carry off 奪得，奪走；turn off 關(guān)掉；wear off 消失，磨掉。2.C 【句意】諷刺的是，為了回到自身飛翔的單純起點(diǎn)，普通人類(lèi)不得不等待太空時(shí)代的到來(lái)?！窘馕觥吭~義辨析題。consequently 因此；regularly 經(jīng)常；ironically 諷刺地，出人意外的；comprehensively 全面地，透徹地，此句含有一個(gè)前后的邏輯關(guān)系，故選C。

1、英譯漢參考譯文

21世紀(jì)被人們稱(chēng)為“網(wǎng)絡(luò)稱(chēng)雄”的時(shí)代，網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間(cyberspace)將是本世紀(jì)重要的戰(zhàn)略資源。網(wǎng)絡(luò)經(jīng)濟(jì)對(duì)傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟(jì)理論有著重大的影響，且甚至?xí)淖兯鼈儭＞W(wǎng)絡(luò)經(jīng)濟(jì)具有明顯的規(guī)模效應(yīng)。一個(gè)較大的規(guī)模預(yù)示著更多客戶(hù)、更標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的產(chǎn)品、更多的商業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)和因此而產(chǎn)生的過(guò)多利益。然而，不論網(wǎng)絡(luò)如何神奇，它都不能脫離傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟(jì)而獨(dú)立存在。脫離了傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟(jì)，網(wǎng)絡(luò)經(jīng)濟(jì)將不會(huì)有持續(xù)性發(fā)展，這就如同無(wú)水之源、無(wú)本之木。

2、漢譯英參考答案

The success he has achieved in scientific research is greater than expected.=============================== 1.Some cultures have customs that ____ the clothing fashions of people in certain social classes.A)modify B)alter C)regulate D)revise 2.The ______ beauty of the mountain has made it a world-famous resort.Every year numerous tourists from home and abroad come to visit it.A)perpetual B)perplexed C)preserved D)perished 【翻譯練習(xí)】

1、英譯漢

In order for the structure to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet its purpose, architecture employs methods of support that, because they are based on physical laws, have changed little since people first discovered them——even while building materials have changed dramatically.2、漢譯英

很難說(shuō)哪個(gè)方案更為切實(shí)可行。【參考答案】 1.C 【句意】某些文化有一些習(xí)俗，這些習(xí)俗規(guī)定了某些社會(huì)階層中人們的穿衣時(shí)尚。【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)意思分別是：modify“修改，更改；修飾”；alter“改變，更改”；regulate “控制，管理；調(diào)整；調(diào)節(jié)”；revise“修訂，修改；復(fù)習(xí)”。制度的管理和規(guī)定經(jīng)常用regulate，modify是指略微的修改，alter范圍較廣，指任何的改變，revise通常指修訂課本。所以選項(xiàng)C是最佳答案。2.C 【句意】山區(qū)未被破壞的美景使它成為世界聞名的度假勝地。每年，都有大量國(guó)內(nèi)外的游客慕名來(lái)訪(fǎng)。

【解析】形容詞辨析題。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)意思分別是：perpetual “永久的，終身的；不斷的，常發(fā)生的”；perplexed “困惑的，茫然不知所措的”；preserved “保護(hù)的”；perished “消亡的，毀壞的”。根據(jù)句子的上下文意思判斷，只有選項(xiàng)C符合題意。【翻譯參考答案】

1、英譯漢參考譯文

為了使結(jié)構(gòu)達(dá)到必要的大小和強(qiáng)度去滿(mǎn)足它的目的，建筑學(xué)上使用了一些支撐的方法，因?yàn)檫@些方法都是基于物理定律，所以盡管建筑材料已經(jīng)發(fā)生了巨大變化，這些方法卻自人們發(fā)現(xiàn)它們以來(lái)就沒(méi)有什么變化。

2、漢譯英參考答案

It’s hard to say which plan is more practicable.=============================== 1.Fred tried to get to the door, but the table was ______.A.in a way B.on the way C.in the way D.by the way 2.______ a sudden burst of rain, the children came home with wet clothes.A.For B.Due to C.Owning to D.Thanks to 【翻譯練習(xí)】

1、英譯漢 Taihu Lake, a freshwater lake located in the eastern part of China with an area of 2250 square kilometers, is the third largest freshwater lake in China, next to Poyang Lake and Dongting Lake.There are about 90 islands in Taihu Lake ranging in size from a few square meters to a few square kilometers.2、漢譯英 對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)，生活要是沒(méi)有廣大的城市地區(qū)似乎是不可想象的，但實(shí)際上城市還是相對(duì)近代才發(fā)展起來(lái)的?！緟⒖即鸢浮?1.C 【句意】Fred打算到門(mén)口去，但桌子擋住了道?！窘馕觥吭~組辨析。in a way“在某種程度上”；on the way“在??途中”；in the way“妨礙，擋道”；by the way“順便說(shuō)說(shuō)”。根據(jù)題干中表示轉(zhuǎn)折的but和做主語(yǔ)的the table“桌子”可以推斷出答案選項(xiàng)為C。2.C 【句意】由于突降陣雨，孩子們回家后衣服都淋濕了。

【解析】近義詞用法辨析。for引導(dǎo)的表示原因的狀語(yǔ)從句不能放在句首，而且前面一般用逗號(hào)與主句分開(kāi)；Owing to做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)因果關(guān)系，修飾整個(gè)句子，可在句首或者句末，用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)；Due to作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)與owing to同義，但一般不與其他成分隔開(kāi)；Thanks to表示原因時(shí)一般出于感謝；故答案選項(xiàng)為C?！痉g參考答案】

1、英譯漢參考譯文

太湖是中國(guó)東部的一個(gè)淡水湖，占地面積 2250平方公里，是中國(guó)三大淡水湖，僅次于 鄱陽(yáng)和洞庭。太湖約有90個(gè)島嶼，大小從幾平方米到幾平方公里不等。

2、漢譯英參考答案

Life without large urban areas may seem inconceivable to us, but actually cities are relatively recent development.================================= 1.The new media law that has sparked a furor in the country requires all broadcast and digital media to provide “balanced coverage“ and is seen by critics as an attempt to __ the press.A.muzzle B.underpin C.sidestep D.reassure 2.______ whether the loan proposal is made by a government, state enterprise or private corporation, an appraisal of the economic and political situation of the borrower's country must be made to assess the risk involved.A.Depending on B.Notwithstanding C.irrespective of D.On account of 【翻譯練習(xí)】 1.英譯漢

The Chinese government announced the annual August 8 as the ”National Fitness Day“ to promote physical activities throughout the country.This move not only popularizes the concept of keeping fit around the nation, but also diversifies the methods of taking exercise.2.漢譯英

你應(yīng)該仔細(xì)核對(duì)全部資料，以避免嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤?！緟⒖即鸢浮?1.A 【句意】新媒體法激起了公憤，它要求所有廣播和數(shù)碼媒體做到“均衡報(bào)道”，這被看做是一種壓制新聞自由的舉措。

【精析】Muzzle“使緘默；封鎖...的言論”，underpin“鞏固；支持”，sidestep“回避；側(cè)向躲避”，reassure“使安心；使放心”。根據(jù)題意，答案選A。2.C 【句意】無(wú)論是政府貸款，國(guó)企貸款，還是私企貸款，都應(yīng)該對(duì)借方國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治形勢(shì)有所評(píng)估，以預(yù)計(jì)貸款風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

【精析】Depending on“根據(jù)，取決于”，notwithstanding“盡管；仍然”，irrespective of“不論；不考慮；不顧”，on account of“由于；因?yàn)椤保鶕?jù)題意，答案選C?！痉g參考答案】 1.英譯漢參考譯文

中囯政府宣布每年的8月8日為“全民健身日”(National Fitness Day)，推動(dòng)全民健身。這一舉動(dòng)不僅在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)普及了健康理念，還使人們鍛煉的方式更加多樣化。2.漢譯英參考答案

You should check all the data carefully so as to avoid serious mistakes.================================= 1.We all enjoy our freedom of choice and do not like to see it ________ when it is within the legal and moral boundaries of society.A.compacted B.dispersed C.delayed D.restricted 2.Allen will soon find out that real life is seldom as simple as it is ________in commercials.A.drafted B.depicted C.alleged D.permeated 【翻譯練習(xí)】 1.英譯漢

long before the emergence of the written word, ballads, accompanied by music and dance,and myths, passed around by word of mouth, were widely popular.Chinese literature finds its origins in these traditions.however, ballads were what people improvised out of daily life, and due to lack of means to record and preserve them in ancient times, they quickly disappeared without leaving much of a trace.2.漢譯英

即使你說(shuō)服不了他，也不要灰心喪氣。【參考答案】 1.D 【句意】我們都享有選擇的自由，而不喜歡在社會(huì)的法律和道德界限內(nèi)看到自由被約束。【解析】動(dòng)詞(過(guò)去分詞)辨析。A.compacted “v.壓縮（compact的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞）；壓緊”；B.dispersed “v.分散；傳播（disperse的過(guò)去分詞）”；C.delayed “v.延遲（delay的過(guò)去式）”；D.restricted “v.限制（restrict的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞）”。2.B 【句意】艾倫將很快發(fā)現(xiàn)實(shí)際生活很少想廣告中描繪的那樣簡(jiǎn)單。

【解析】動(dòng)詞(過(guò)去分詞)辨析。A.drafted “v.設(shè)計(jì)；挑選；拉開(kāi)（draft的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞）”；B.depicted “vt.描述；描畫(huà)（depict的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞）”；C.alleged“v.宣稱(chēng)（allege的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞）；斷言adj.所謂的；聲稱(chēng)的；被斷言的”；D.permeated “v.彌漫(permeate的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞)；遍布；滲入；滲透”。【翻譯參考答案】 1.英譯漢參考譯文

與舞蹈和音樂(lè)相伴的歌謠跟口頭流傳的神話(huà)，遠(yuǎn)在文字出現(xiàn)之前就已大量產(chǎn)生。中國(guó)的文學(xué)正是發(fā)端于此。不過(guò)歌謠本是人們?cè)谏钪须S興而發(fā)的東西，上古時(shí)代也沒(méi)有保存和記載它們的手段，因之也就很快湮滅，不留痕跡。2.漢譯英參考答案

Don’t feel discouraged even if you should fail in persuading him.================================= 1.I had eaten Chinese food often, but I could not have imagined how_______ and extravagant a real Chinese banquet could be.A.fabulous B.gracious C.handsome D.prominent 2.I told him that I would ______ him to act for me while I was away from office.A.identify B.authorize C.rationalize D.justify 【翻譯練習(xí)】 1.英譯漢

as it turns out, showering or bathing daily wreaks havoc on something hilariously called the horny layer.hot water, soap and abrasive surfaces strip off the horny layer, exposing living cells to the elements.2.漢譯英

這件事至今還沒(méi)有得出正確的結(jié)論?！緟⒖即鸢浮?1.A 【句意】我之前常吃中餐，但是還是不能想象真正的中式宴會(huì)能有多么好，多么奢侈?！窘馕觥啃稳菰~辨析。A.fabulous“adj.難以置信的；傳說(shuō)的，寓言中的；極好的”；B.gracious“adj.親切的；高尚的；和藹的；雅致的”；C.handsome“adj.（男子）英俊的；可觀(guān)的；大方的，慷慨的；健美而端莊的”；D.prominent“adj.突出的，顯著的；杰出的；卓越的”。2.B 【句意】我告知他在我不在辦公室期間，我會(huì)授權(quán)他代表我。

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。A.identify“vt.確定；鑒定；識(shí)別，辨認(rèn)出；使參與；把?看成一樣 vi.確定；認(rèn)同；一致” B.authorize“vt.批準(zhǔn)，認(rèn)可；授權(quán)給；委托代替”；C.rationalize “vt.使??合理化；使??有理化；為??找借口vi.實(shí)行合理化；作辯解；合理地思考”；D.justify “vt.證明?是正當(dāng)?shù)?；?辯護(hù)vi.證明合法；整理版面”?！痉g參考答案】 1.英譯漢參考譯文

其實(shí)每天洗澡會(huì)嚴(yán)重破壞身上的角質(zhì)層。熱水、肥皂和搓澡巾會(huì)使角質(zhì)層脫落，讓我們的皮膚暴露在外。2.漢譯英參考答案

So far no correct conclusion has been drawn on the matter.================================= 1.As I have mentioned, an important source of human stress is the _______between the demands of the individual and those of his society.A.splash B.smash C.crash D.clash 2.From his directions, it shouldn't be difficult to _____ the beach house in the map, even though you have never been there before.A.determine B.locate C.unearth D.ascertain 【翻譯練習(xí)】 1.英譯漢

Another problem which the world will face is to get rid of refuse(廢料).One solution is to burn refuse at very high temperatures in incinerators(焚化爐).A development of this, which may prove very useful in the future, is to use these incinerators to generate steam power.2.漢譯英

你對(duì)下一步該做些什么，清楚了嗎? =============================== 1.The head window of the car is made of safety glass that won't _____if it is broken.A.shatter B.shudder C.crush D.crumple 2.The mechanic jacked up the car and then ______ to change the tire.A.advanced B.went C.proceeded D.moved 【翻譯練習(xí)】 1.英譯漢

About 350 years ago Galileo made a telescope and looked through it at the sun.What he saw both surprised and frightened him, for he saw dark spots on the sun which at once suggested to him that God had not made the world quite as perfect as he had previously believed.2.漢譯英

他在這次旅行中的所見(jiàn)所聞給他留下了深刻的印象。【參考答案】 1.D 【句意】正如我所提到的，人類(lèi)壓力的一個(gè)重要來(lái)源是個(gè)人需求與社會(huì)需求之間的沖突?！窘馕觥吭~義辨析。A項(xiàng)“splash濺潑聲，濺潑；濺上的斑點(diǎn)等；濺潑的量；少量液體”；B項(xiàng)“smash破碎，破碎時(shí)發(fā)出的聲音；撞車(chē)；網(wǎng)球的高壓球；極為轟動(dòng)的戲劇、歌曲、影片等”；C項(xiàng)“crash撞擊（聲），破裂（聲）；撞車(chē)，（車(chē)輛等）碰撞”；D項(xiàng)“dash(金屬等的）刺耳的撞擊聲；（兩群人之間的）打斗，打架，沖突；爭(zhēng)論，爭(zhēng)執(zhí)；（顏色）不協(xié)調(diào)；交鋒，交戰(zhàn)，比賽”。2.B 【句意】根據(jù)他的指示，你不難在地圖上找出那海濱別墅的地點(diǎn)，雖然你從來(lái)沒(méi)有去過(guò)那個(gè)地方。

【解析】詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)“determine v.確定某事物，決定；確定，測(cè)定”；B項(xiàng)“l(fā)ocate 找出，把??設(shè)置，在，使坐落于”；C項(xiàng)“unearth發(fā)掘，掘出”；D項(xiàng)“ascertain確定，查明”。

【翻譯參考答案】 1.英譯英參考譯文

世界將面對(duì)著的另一問(wèn)題是處理廢物。有一個(gè)解決辦法就是在焚化爐中用高溫的廢物燒掉。這種方法的一個(gè)新發(fā)展，可能在將來(lái)證明極為有用，即是以這些焚火爐來(lái)產(chǎn)生蒸汽動(dòng)力。2.漢譯英參考答案

Are you clear about what you should do next? ================================ 1.A 【句意】該車(chē)頭窗是由安全玻璃構(gòu)成的，在打破后不會(huì)粉碎的?！窘馕觥吭~義辨析。A項(xiàng)“shatter(使果物）突然而劇烈地裂成碎片，粉碎”；B項(xiàng)“shudder(因寒冷、恐懼等）發(fā)枓、戰(zhàn)栗；劇烈地?fù)u晃”；C項(xiàng)“crush壓（或擠）壞，壓；搗（或碾）碎某物”；D項(xiàng)“crumple(使）起皺”。2.C 【句意】這位機(jī)修工用千斤頂頂起汽車(chē)，然后換輪胎。

【解析】詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)“advance前進(jìn)；進(jìn)步；向前移動(dòng)或推進(jìn)；推進(jìn)某人、計(jì)劃等”；B項(xiàng)“go去”；C項(xiàng)“proceed開(kāi)始，繼續(xù)進(jìn)行，發(fā)生”；D項(xiàng)“move移動(dòng)，搬動(dòng)”?！痉g參考答案】 1.英譯漢參考譯文

大約在三百五十年前，伽利略制造了臺(tái)望遠(yuǎn)鏡，并用它來(lái)觀(guān)察太陽(yáng)。他所看到的景象使他感到既吃驚又害怕，因?yàn)樗吹教?yáng)上有一些黑點(diǎn)，這使他立刻聯(lián)想到上帝創(chuàng)造的世界并不象他以前所相信的那么完美。2.漢譯英參考答案

What he saw and heard on his trip gave him a very deep impression.================================ 1.______ in their island community, the various tribes used languages which became more and more similar to each other's.A)Managed B)Shrunk C)Assumed D)Isolated 2.If full credits were given to this part it could ____ a high grade for the student in his physical course.A)belong to B)be due to C)be subject to D)contribute to 【翻譯練習(xí)】 1.英譯漢

After the concert Mom and Dad came backstage.The way they walked － heads high, faces flushed － I knew they were pleased.My mother gave me a big hug.Dad slipped an arm around me and held me close.”You were just great,“ he said.Then he shook my hand and was slow to let it go.2.漢譯英

酒后駕車(chē)會(huì)導(dǎo)致災(zāi)難性的交通事故?！緟⒖即鸢浮?1.D 【句意】孤零零地待在這個(gè)島國(guó)，島上不同的部落成員使用的語(yǔ)言越來(lái)越相似。

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)意思分別是：manage “營(yíng)，管理；控制；辦理；設(shè)法對(duì)付”，詞組manage without “在沒(méi)有??下應(yīng)付過(guò)去”；shrink “收縮，退縮”，詞組shrink back “退縮，害怕”；assume“假設(shè)，臆斷，猜想；假裝；承擔(dān)，擔(dān)任”，詞組assume responsibility“承擔(dān)責(zé)任”；isolate “使隔離，使孤立，使脫離”。首先排除選項(xiàng)A和C，和題意完全不符，shrink一般指衣服的收縮。isolate則是指地理位置的孤立，所以選項(xiàng)D符合題意。2.D 【句意】如果學(xué)生在這部分得到滿(mǎn)分的話(huà)，那么他物理課程的學(xué)分就會(huì)很高。

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞組辨析題。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)意思分別是：belong to “屬于；是(某團(tuán)體、國(guó)家等)的成員”；be due to“由于；應(yīng)歸于”；be subject to “受支配，從屬于，常遭受??”；contribute to “有助于；貢獻(xiàn)”。根據(jù)句子的意思判斷，只有選項(xiàng)D符合題意。【翻譯參考答案】 1.英譯漢參考譯文

音樂(lè)會(huì)后，爸媽來(lái)到后臺(tái)。他們走路的樣子，昂著頭，精神煥發(fā)--我知道他們很開(kāi)心。媽媽緊緊地抱住我。爸爸伸出一只手臂，牢牢地?fù)ё∥遥骸澳闾袅恕！闭f(shuō)完，他使勁地握著我的手，不愿松開(kāi)。2.漢譯英參考答案

Drunken driving will result in disastrous traffic accidents.================================= 1.It is our firm ______ that a step forward has been taken and will bring the country back to economic prosperity.A)conviction B)empowerment C)imperative D)proposition 2.Due to sluggish market conditions, the factory's workforce has ______ from over 4 000 to a few hundred.A)proclaimed B)dwindled C)repressed D)indulged 【翻譯練習(xí)】 1.英譯漢

At the theater nervousness overtook me as I realized how much I wanted to make my parents proud.Finally, it was my turn.I walked to the lone chair on stage and performed ”Are You Lonesome Tonight?“ without a mistake.The applause spilled out, with a few hands still clapping after others had stopped.I was lightheaded, glad my ordeal was over.2.漢譯英

真愛(ài)之路永不平坦。(莎士比亞 Shakespeare)【參考答案】 1.A 【句意】我們堅(jiān)信：我們已經(jīng)向前邁出了一大步，而且我們國(guó)家會(huì)重新走上經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮的道路?！窘馕觥棵~辨析題。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思分別是：conviction“堅(jiān)信，深信；定罪”；empowerment “權(quán)力”，詞組be empowered to do “授權(quán)做某事”；imperative “緊急的事；祈使”；proposition“主張，建議”，其動(dòng)詞是propose，詞組propose at toast to sb.指“為某人干杯”。選項(xiàng)C首先排除，這里應(yīng)該填入名詞，而不是形容詞，這件事不是我們的權(quán)力，所以empowerment也不對(duì)，conviction和proposition意思都可以，但是，conviction 更加強(qiáng)調(diào)程度，所以選項(xiàng)A是正確答案。2.B

【句意】受不景氣的市場(chǎng)環(huán)境影響，工廠(chǎng)的勞動(dòng)力從4000多人銳減到幾百人.【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思分別是：proclaim “宣布，聲明”；dwindle “銳減”；repress “壓抑(感情)；鎮(zhèn)壓”；indulge“使(自己)沉迷于；放縱，嬌縱”，詞組indulge in sth.“沉湎于某物”。表示程度下降的只有dwindle，所以選項(xiàng)B正確?！痉g參考答案】 1.英譯漢參考譯文

在劇場(chǎng)里，當(dāng)我意識(shí)到我是多么想讓父母感到驕傲?xí)r，我極為緊張。最后，終于輪到我了。我走向舞臺(tái)中央的那張椅子，演奏了一曲“今晚你孤獨(dú)嗎？”，一個(gè)音符也沒(méi)拉錯(cuò)。頓時(shí)，掌聲四起，難以停息。我 頭有點(diǎn)暈暈的，慶幸我的苦難終于結(jié)束。2.漢譯英參考答案

The course of true love never did run smooth.=================================1.Last year our school football team won four ______ games.A)obsessive B)concessive C)successive D)excessive 2.I can't possibly mark your homework;your handwriting is ______.A)illogical B)illiterate C)illusive D)illegible 【翻譯練習(xí)】 1.英譯漢

The evening of the concert Mom wore glittery earrings and more makeup than I could remember.Dad got out of work early, put on a suit and tie, and slicked down his hair with Vitalis.They were ready an hour early, so we sat in the living room chatting nervously.I got the unspoken message that playing this one song was a dream come true for them.2.漢譯英

他沒(méi)有辜負(fù)教練的期望?！緟⒖即鸢浮?1.C 【句意】去年，我們校足球隊(duì)連勝4場(chǎng)。

【解析】 形容詞辨析題，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思分別是：obsessive “著迷的”；concessive“讓步的，許可的”;successive “連續(xù)的”；excessive “過(guò)量的”。根據(jù)句子的意思判斷，只有選項(xiàng)C符合題意。2.D 【句意】我無(wú)法給你的作業(yè)評(píng)分，你的字跡都很難辨認(rèn)。

【解析】形容詞辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)分別是：illogical “不合邏輯的”；illiterate“不識(shí)字的，文盲”illusive “虛假的”；illegible “難以辨認(rèn)的”。根據(jù)句子的意思，只有選項(xiàng)D符合?！痉g參考答案】 1.英譯漢參考譯文

音樂(lè)會(huì)那天晚上，媽媽戴上亮晶晶的耳環(huán)，臉上沒(méi)見(jiàn)她這么打扮過(guò)。爸爸早早就下了班，扎上領(lǐng)帶，一身套裝，頭發(fā)用發(fā)油梳得溜光。他們提前一小時(shí)就準(zhǔn)備好了，我們便坐在客廳里緊張地聊天。此時(shí)我感到，演奏這么一首歌是實(shí)現(xiàn)他倆的一個(gè)夢(mèng)想。2.漢譯英參考答案

He lived up to the expectations of his coach.================================ 1.Arithmetic is the one fundamental science, ______ all other physical sciences.A)undermining B)undertaking C)underscoring D)underlying 2.In the professions where women ______ numerically, it would be reasonable to expect them to hold senior positions.A)tolerate B)integrate C)predominate D)accumulate 【翻譯練習(xí)】 1.英譯漢

I was speechless.I had rarely heard Dad speak with such feeling about anything, much less the accordion.From then on, I practiced without my parents’ making me.2.漢譯英

沒(méi)帶任何解釋?zhuān)纳暾?qǐng)就被拒絕了?！緟⒖即鸢浮?1.D 【句意】算術(shù)是最基本的一門(mén)科學(xué)，它是其他所有自然科學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)。

【解析】形近詞辨析題。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思分別是：undermine“破壞，毀壞”；undertake “從事??工作”；underscore“強(qiáng)調(diào)”；underlie “是??的原因；成為??的基礎(chǔ)”。根據(jù)句子的意思判斷，只有選項(xiàng)D 符合題意。2.C 【句意】對(duì)于那些婦女在數(shù)量上占優(yōu)勢(shì)的職位，婦女擔(dān)當(dāng)一些重要職位也是合情合理的?！窘馕觥啃稳菰~辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思分別是：tolerate “容忍”；integrate “使融入”；predominate“數(shù)量上占優(yōu)勢(shì)”；accumulate “增加”。根據(jù)句子的意思判斷，只有選項(xiàng)C符合題意。句子中有numerically所以predominate為最佳選項(xiàng)。1.英譯漢參考譯文

我不吱聲了。我很少聽(tīng)到爸爸如此語(yǔ)重心長(zhǎng)地跟我談事情，更不用說(shuō)是為了拉手風(fēng)琴的事。從那以后，我練琴再也不用父母盯著。2.漢譯英參考答案

His application was denied without any explanation.================================= 1.She always fancied about going abroad, but when she arrived in Germany she found it hard to ______ herself to the new working conditions.A.cater B.suit

C.alternate D.Accommodate 2.She was afraid ______the dog in case it became dangerous.A.of exciting B.to excite C.that she excited D.to be exciting 【翻譯練習(xí)】 1.英譯漢

Such humiliation paled, though, beside the impending fall recital.I would have to play a solo on a local movie theater's stage.I wanted to skip the whole thing.Emotions boiled over in the car one Sunday afternoon.”I don't want to play a solo.“ I said.”You have to,“ replied my father.2.漢譯英

宗教信仰自由受法律保護(hù)?！緟⒖即鸢浮?1.D 【句意】她總是幻想出國(guó)，但是當(dāng)她到了德國(guó)之后發(fā)現(xiàn)她很難適應(yīng)這里新的工作環(huán)境?！窘馕觥縿?dòng)詞辨析。A.cater “v.投合，迎合；滿(mǎn)足需要；提供飲食及服務(wù)”；B.suit “v.適合；使適應(yīng)”；C.alternate “v使交替；使輪流”；D.accommodate “v.容納；使適應(yīng)，改變......以適應(yīng)；調(diào)整以適應(yīng)??”。2.B 【句意】她不敢讓這條狗興奮，以免它變得危險(xiǎn)。

【解析】短語(yǔ)搭配。be afraid 后面接不定式：be afraid to do sth.表示“害怕／不敢做某事”，接動(dòng)名詞: be afraid of doing sth.表示“一向害怕做某事，表示習(xí)慣”。根據(jù)后文的in case“以防”可知，是之后出現(xiàn)的事—it became dangerous，讓她不敢去“excite the dog”，因此，B項(xiàng)更符合語(yǔ)境?！痉g參考答案】 1.英譯漢參考譯文

不過(guò)，這種羞辱與即將來(lái)臨的秋季演奏會(huì)相比，算不得什么。我得在當(dāng)?shù)匾患矣皠≡何枧_(tái)上獨(dú)奏一曲。我想逃避這一切。一個(gè)星期天的下午，不滿(mǎn)的情緒終于在車(chē)上爆發(fā)了?！拔也幌氇?dú)奏，”我說(shuō)。“你必須去，”父親說(shuō)。2.漢譯英參考答案

The freedom of religious belief is protected by law.================================ 1.There are serious problems of land _____in some arid regions of Northwest China.A.degradation B.fertilization C.enhancement D.dilemmas 2.After the sudden death of his mother, his aunt served as a _____mother until he was 18 years old.A.adopted B.effective C.surrogate D.interim 【翻譯練習(xí)】 1.英譯漢

Throughout the summer, Mr.Zelli's lessons grew more difficult.It took me a week and a half to master them now.All the while I could hear my buddies outside playing heated games of stickball.I'd also hear an occasional taunt;”Hey, where's your monkey and cup?“ 2.漢譯英

世界上沒(méi)有兩片葉子是相同的?！緟⒖即鸢浮?1.A 【句意】在中國(guó)西北的一些干旱地區(qū)土壤退化問(wèn)題很?chē)?yán)重?！窘馕觥棵~辨析。A.degradation “n.退化；降格，降級(jí)”；墮落；B.fertilization “n.施肥；肥沃”；C.enhancement “n.增加；放大”；D.dilemmas “n.困境；進(jìn)退兩難；兩刀論法”。2.C 【句意】在他母親死后，他的姑媽在他十八歲之前暫時(shí)作為他的母親?！窘馕觥啃稳菰~辨析。A.adopted “adj.被收養(yǎng)的；被采用的，有收養(yǎng)關(guān)系的”；B.effective “adj.有效的，起作用的；實(shí)際的，實(shí)在的；給人深刻印象”；C.surrogate “adj.代理的，代替的n.替代，代理”；D.interim “adj.辦臨時(shí)的，暫時(shí)的；中間的；間歇的”。1.英譯漢參考譯文

整個(gè)夏天，澤利先生的課越來(lái)越難?，F(xiàn)在要一個(gè)半星期才能掌握。練琴時(shí)，我總是聽(tīng)到伙伴們?cè)谕饷嫱婀髑虻逆音[聲。偶爾還聽(tīng)到奚落：“嗨，你的猴子和獎(jiǎng)杯哪里去了。2.漢英語(yǔ)參考答案

No two leaves are identical in the world.================================ 1.It was a long time before scientists could______ the mystery of the atom.A.penetrate B.pierce C.permeate D.pervade 2.The results of the several rounds of polls indicate that those who haven't vote yet are______ towards abolishing the entrance examination.A.sliding B.backing up C.standing by D.tilting 【翻譯練習(xí)】 1.英譯漢

One July evening I was giving an almost flawless rendition of ”Come Back to Sorrento,“ and my parents called me to an open window.An elderly neighbor, rarely seen outside her house, was leaning against our car humming dreamily to the tune.When I finished, she smiled broadly and called out, ”I remember that song as a child in Italy.Beautiful, just beautiful.“ 2.漢譯英

他讀了很多書(shū)，古今中外都有?！緟⒖即鸢浮?1.A 【句意】科學(xué)家用了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才發(fā)現(xiàn)了原子的秘密?！窘馕觥縿?dòng)詞辨析。A.penetrate“vi.滲透；了解；洞察；領(lǐng)悟vt.滲透；穿透；洞察”；B.pierce“vt.刺穿；洞察；響徹；深深地打動(dòng)vi.進(jìn)入；透入”；C.permeate “vt.（思想、感情、態(tài)度）感染，傳播；彌漫；擴(kuò)散”；D.pervade“vt.遍及；彌漫”。根據(jù)句意，A項(xiàng)“penetrate了解”符合句意。2.D 【句意】幾輪投票的結(jié)果顯示那些人還沒(méi)有投票的人傾向于廢除入學(xué)考試?！窘馕觥縿?dòng)詞（短語(yǔ)）辨析。用現(xiàn)在分詞表示現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。A.slide “v.滑動(dòng) 使滑行”；B.back up“支持，援助；（資料）備份；倒退；裱”；C.stand by“支持；袖手旁觀(guān)；準(zhǔn)備；站在旁邊”；D.tilt“vi.傾斜；翹起；以言詞或文字抨擊”，固定搭配“tilt toward傾向；使偏向”。因此，D項(xiàng)符合句意和搭配?！痉g參考答案】 1.英譯漢參考譯文

七月的一個(gè)傍晚，我正在拉“重回索聯(lián)托”，拉得幾乎完美無(wú)缺。父母突然把我叫到窗前。一位極少出門(mén)、上了年紀(jì)的老鄰居，正靠在我們的車(chē)旁，跟著曲子沉醉地哼唱著。當(dāng)我拉完時(shí)，她咧開(kāi)嘴笑了，大聲說(shuō)：“小時(shí)候在意大利我聽(tīng)到過(guò)這首歌曲，我還記得。太棒了，真是棒極了。

2.漢譯英參考答案

He read all kinds of books, ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign.================================ 1.It is said that the custom of shaking hands originated when primitive men held out empty hands to indicate that they had no ______ weapons and were thus amicably disposed.A.lethal B.concealed C.murderous D.secret 2.Some teenager harbor a generalized resentment against society, which ______ them the right and privileges of adults, although physically they are mature.A.deprives B.restricts C.rejects D.denies 【翻譯練習(xí)】 1.英譯漢

”Very nice, better than last week,“ he'd say.Then I would follow into a medley of his favorites, ”Red River Valley“ and ”Home on the Range," and he would drift off to sleep, the newspaper folded on his lap.I took it as a compliment that he could relax under the spell of my playing.2.漢譯英

從這個(gè)意義上說(shuō)兒童和大人享有同樣的權(quán)利?！緟⒖即鸢浮?1.B 【句意】據(jù)說(shuō)握手的習(xí)俗起源于原始人類(lèi)伸出空手來(lái)表明他們沒(méi)有隱藏的武器，以示友好?！窘馕觥啃稳菰~詞義辨析。lethal“致命的，致死的”；concealed“隱蔽的，隱匿的”；murderous“殺人的，殘忍的，兇殘的，蓄意謀殺的”；secret“秘密的，機(jī)密的”。由關(guān)鍵詞held out empty hands“伸出空手”知“隱藏的”符合題意，故B項(xiàng)正確。2.D 【句意】一些十幾歲的孩子們往往對(duì)社會(huì)有普遍的逆反心理，雖然他們發(fā)育成熟，但社會(huì)拒絕給予他們同成年人一樣的權(quán)利和優(yōu)惠?！窘馕觥縿?dòng)詞詞義辨析。deprive“使喪失，剝奪”，deprive sb.of sth.“剝奪某人某物”；restrict“限制，約束，限定”，沒(méi)有restrict sb.sth.的搭配；reject“拒絕，排斥，抵制，丟棄”，沒(méi)有reject sb.sth.的搭配；deny“否定，拒絕給予，拒絕??的要求”，deny sb.sth.“拒絕給某人某物”。由關(guān)鍵詞teenager、resentment、right and privileges of adults及詞組的搭配知“拒絕”符合題意，故D項(xiàng)正確?！痉g參考答案】 1.英譯漢參考譯文 他會(huì)說(shuō)，“不錯(cuò)，比上星期好，”然后我會(huì)接著拉他喜歡的曲子“紅河谷”和“山上的家”。聽(tīng)著聽(tīng)著，他慢慢睡著了，報(bào)紙疊在腿上。我把這看作是一種贊揚(yáng)：他能在我美妙的演奏中放松。

2.漢譯英參考答案

In this sense, children and adults have equal rights.================================ 1.One of the important properties of a scientific theory is its abilities to ______ further research and further thinking about a particular topic.A.invent B.stimulate C.renovate D.advocate 2.It is doubtful whether anyone can be a truly ______ observer of events.A.inadequate B.impassive C.genius D.impartial 【翻譯練習(xí)】 1.英譯漢

Only music carried Dad away from his world of tools and projects.On a Sunday drive, he turned the radio on immediately.At red lights, I'd notice his foot tapping in time.He seemed to hang on every note.2.漢譯英

她的眼睛由于興奮而閃閃發(fā)光?！緟⒖即鸢浮?1.B 【句意】科學(xué)理論的一個(gè)重要特征是能夠激發(fā)進(jìn)一步的研究以及在某一專(zhuān)門(mén)領(lǐng)域的更深層次的思考。

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。invent“發(fā)明，創(chuàng)造，虛構(gòu)”；stimulate“刺激，鼓舞，激勵(lì)”；renovate“更新，修復(fù)，刷新”；advocate“提倡，主張，擁護(hù)”。根據(jù)題干后置定語(yǔ)中的關(guān)鍵詞further research“進(jìn)一步的研究”和further thinking“更深層次的思考”可知答案選項(xiàng)為B。2.D 【句意】是否任何一個(gè)人都能夠成為一個(gè)真正公正的事件觀(guān)察者還有待確定?！窘馕觥吭~義辨析——形容詞和名詞辨析。inadequate“不充分的，不恰當(dāng)?shù)摹?；impassive“冷漠的，無(wú)感覺(jué)的”；genius“天才，天賦，精神”；impartial“公平的，公正的”。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞doubtful“不能確定的”和truly“真正地”可知答案選項(xiàng)為D。【翻譯參考答案】 1.英譯漢參考譯文

只有音樂(lè)會(huì)讓爸爸遠(yuǎn)離他的工具和計(jì)劃的世界。一個(gè)星期天駕車(chē)外出，一上車(chē)他就打開(kāi)了收音機(jī)。遇到紅燈時(shí)，我注意到他的腳在打著拍子，似乎能跟得上每一個(gè)節(jié)拍。2.漢譯英參考答案

Her eyes sparkled with excitement.================================= 1.Many artists believe that successful imitation far from being symptomatic of a lack of originality, is the step in learning to be ______.A.elegant B.confident C.creative D.imaginary 2.No one could come up with an easy solution to the government’s predicament----labor______ which is caused by the world financial crisis.A.decline B.vacancy C.rarity D.shortage 【翻譯練習(xí)】 1.英譯漢

Dad was a supervisor in a company that serviced jet engines.Weekends, he tinkered in the cellar, turning scraps of plywood into a utility cabinet or fixing a broken toy with spare parts.Quiet and shy, he was never more comfortable than when at his workbench.2.漢譯英

鄧鐵濤是中醫(yī)界的泰斗?！緟⒖即鸢浮?1.C

【句意】很多藝術(shù)家認(rèn)為，成功的模仿是學(xué)習(xí)創(chuàng)新的第一步，而遠(yuǎn)不是缺乏創(chuàng)意的表現(xiàn)?！窘馕觥啃稳菰~詞義辨析。elegant“高雅的，講究的，簡(jiǎn)潔的”；confident“自信的，確信的”；creative“創(chuàng)造性的”；imaginary“虛構(gòu)的，想像的”。由關(guān)鍵詞successful imitation、originality“獨(dú)創(chuàng)性”及l(fā)earning to be知應(yīng)填跟originality意思相近的形容詞，故C項(xiàng)正確。2.D

【句意】沒(méi)人能想出一種簡(jiǎn)單的方法去解決政府的困境——即世界金融危機(jī)導(dǎo)致勞動(dòng)力短缺。

【解析】名詞義辨析。decline“下降，衰退”；vacancy“空缺，空白”；rarity“罕見(jiàn)，珍貴”；shortage“缺乏，缺少，不足”。由關(guān)鍵詞world financial crisis“世界金融危機(jī)”可知D項(xiàng)正確。

【翻譯參考答案】 1.英譯漢參考譯文

爸爸是一家為噴氣式飛機(jī)引擎提供服務(wù)的公司的主管。周末，他在地下室里修修補(bǔ)補(bǔ)，把膠合板的邊角料做成一個(gè)實(shí)用的小柜子，或者用一些零件把壞了的玩具修好。他不喜張揚(yáng)，不愛(ài)說(shuō)話(huà)。最讓他感到舒服的，莫過(guò)于在工作臺(tái)旁邊。2.漢譯英參考答案

Deng Tietao is a leading authority in the community of TCM.================================= 1.In the past ten years skyscrapers have developed ________ in Chicago and New York City.A)homogeneously B)simultaneously C)spontaneously D)harmoniously 2.The court considers a financial________ to be an appropriate way of punishing him.A)option

B)duty

C)obligation D)penalty 【翻譯練習(xí)】

1.We’ll be all right _______________（只要我們能到達(dá)下一個(gè)加油站）.2..英譯漢

We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances(drugs)is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves.【參考答案】 1.B [譯文]在過(guò)去的十年里，摩天大樓在芝加哥和紐約城同時(shí)獲得了發(fā)展。[精析] 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的單詞含義分別為：同類(lèi)地；同時(shí)地；自發(fā)地；和諧地。2.D [譯文] 法官認(rèn)為罰款是處罰他的合適選擇。

[精析] 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的單詞含義分別為：選項(xiàng)；責(zé)任；義務(wù)；處罰?！痉g參考答案】

1.if only we can get to the next petrol-station 解析：本題“只要”不能用as long as，as long as保留時(shí)間方面的含義，它引導(dǎo)的條件句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常是延續(xù)動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞，如：I’ll let you use the room as long as you keep it clean.（只要你能保持房間清潔，我就讓你用這個(gè)房間。）如果條件句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示短暫性的動(dòng)作，最好用if only。本句中“到達(dá)”就是一個(gè)瞬間動(dòng)詞，因此不選用as long as。2【參考譯文】

我們生活在一個(gè)物質(zhì)(藥物)在醫(yī)療和社交方面的使用都很廣泛的社會(huì)里：阿斯匹林緩解頭痛，葡萄酒有助于社交，早晨用來(lái)提神的咖啡，香煙用來(lái)放松神經(jīng)。

=============================== 1.We work to make money, but it is a _______that people who work hard and long often do not make the most money.A)dilemma B)conflict C)prejudice D)paradox 2.Very few people could understand the lecture the professor delivered because its subject was very _______.A)intriguing B)indefinite

C)obscure D)dubious 【翻譯練習(xí)】

1.In this night，if we can make good use of time，_______（當(dāng)然毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)地我們會(huì)成功）.2.英譯漢

In Australia-where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia.【參考答案】

1.D 【句意】我們工作為了掙錢(qián)，但是矛盾的是，工作努力并且時(shí)間長(zhǎng)的人通常并非是掙錢(qián)最多的。

【解析】名詞辨析。A.dilemma“n.困境；進(jìn)退兩難；兩刀論法”；B.conflict “n.沖突，矛盾；斗爭(zhēng)；爭(zhēng)執(zhí)”；C.prejudice “n.偏見(jiàn)；侵害”；D.paradox “n.悖論，反論；似非而是的論點(diǎn)；自相矛盾的人或事”。

2.C 【句意】因?yàn)榻淌谘葜v的主題非?；逎?，很少人能理解?！窘馕觥啃稳菰~辨析。A.intriguing “adj.有趣的，迷人的”；B.indefinite “adj.不確定的；無(wú)限的；模糊的”；C.obscure“adj.昏暗的，朦朧的；晦澀的，不清楚的；隱蔽的；不著名的，無(wú)名的”；D.dubious“adj.可疑的；曖昧的；無(wú)把握的；半信半疑的”?！痉g參考譯文】

1.there can surely be no doubt that we will succeed 解析：in this light是一個(gè)慣用表達(dá)，意思是“這樣說(shuō)來(lái)”；make good use of指“善用時(shí)間”。如there can be no doubt that we would succeed，就只將“毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)”譯了出來(lái)，卻沒(méi)能體現(xiàn)“當(dāng)然”。那么在there can結(jié)構(gòu)中“當(dāng)然”應(yīng)該放在什么位置呢？通常surely/ certainly都放在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后，系動(dòng)詞之前。注意：“成功”也可以說(shuō)get somewhere；反之，不成功、一事無(wú)成、毫無(wú)進(jìn)展就用get nowhere。如：The new policy will get the company nowhere.（新的政策將使公司前途晦暗。）2.【參考譯文】

在那人口老齡化,長(zhǎng)壽技術(shù)和社會(huì)態(tài)度變化等同時(shí)產(chǎn)生著影響的澳大利亞,其他一些州也要制定類(lèi)似涉及安樂(lè)死的相應(yīng)法律.================================= 1.I intend to move that our committee ______ Jim as chairman, and I hope that you will second my motion.[A] will appoint [B] appoints [C] appoint [D] appointed 2.Our country had made great efforts to promote the family-planning policy, but ______ the birth rate is getting higher and higher.[A] as it were [B] as it is

[C] as it was [D] as is it 【翻譯練習(xí)】

1.The government should enforce laws strictly.On the other hand，the public also should ________________（培養(yǎng)減少污染的好習(xí)慣）.2.英譯漢

There are, of course, exceptions.Small--minded officials, rude waiters, and ill mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US.Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment.【參考答案】

1.C 【句意】我打算向委員會(huì)提議，任命吉姆為主席，而且我希望你能附議我的動(dòng)議?！窘馕觥勘绢}考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。Move提議，建議，后接should+動(dòng)詞原形，should可以省略。2.B 【句意】我們國(guó)家已經(jīng)大力推進(jìn)計(jì)劃生育政策，但實(shí)際上，出生率越來(lái)越高。【解析】as it is“照現(xiàn)狀看，看樣子，實(shí)際上”；as it was為as it is的過(guò)去式；as it were“似乎，可以說(shuō)是”，往往含有“不符合實(shí)際或比喻”的意思?！痉g參考答案】

1.develop the good habit of reducing pollution 解析：本題考查詞義辨析。“培養(yǎng)”的英文對(duì)應(yīng)詞是cultivate，但cultivate是指通過(guò)犁地等來(lái)耕作土地或指對(duì)人的養(yǎng)育、培育，如：to cultivate a love of art（培養(yǎng)對(duì)藝術(shù)的愛(ài)好）；to cultivate a new generation（培育新一代）。句中的意思是說(shuō)，政府應(yīng)嚴(yán)格執(zhí)法，另一方面，大眾也應(yīng)該養(yǎng)成減少污染的好習(xí)慣?！傲?xí)慣”是要大眾自己養(yǎng)成的，而不是說(shuō)大眾要培養(yǎng)什么其他人，所以應(yīng)用develop這個(gè)詞，表示逐漸形成，使行為朝著某一特定目標(biāo)發(fā)展。2.【參考譯文】

當(dāng)然也有例外。在美國(guó)，心胸狹隘的官員，舉止粗魯?shù)恼写秃翢o(wú)禮貌的出租車(chē)司機(jī)也并非罕見(jiàn)。盡管有不如意的地方，但因?yàn)槿藗兂３５贸雒绹?guó)人好客的觀(guān)察意見(jiàn)，因而也就值得議論一番了。

================================= 1.Changing from solid to liquid, water takes in heat from all substances near it, and this_____, produces artificial cold surrounding it.A.consumption B.absorption C.transition D.interaction 2.Furniture has become cheaper, but simultaneously there has been a_____in quality.A.decline B.diversion C.taboo D.Tendency 【翻譯練習(xí)】

1._______________（他們來(lái)幫忙）encouraged me.2.英譯漢

After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia's Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die.【參考答案】

1.B 【句意】由固體變?yōu)橐后w，水吸收周?chē)形镔|(zhì)的熱量，這一吸收過(guò)程使得周?chē)鷾囟认陆怠?/p>

【解析】名詞辨析。A.consumption“n.消費(fèi)；消耗；肺癆”；B.absorption“n.吸收；全神貫注，專(zhuān)心致志”；C.transition“n.過(guò)渡；轉(zhuǎn)變；[分子生物] 轉(zhuǎn)換；變調(diào)”；D.interaction “n.相互作用；[數(shù)] 交互作用”。

2.A【句意】家具的價(jià)格變便宜了，同時(shí)質(zhì)量也下降了。【解析】名詞辨析。A.decline“n.下降；衰退；斜面”；B.diversion“n.轉(zhuǎn)移；消遣；分散注意力”；C.taboo“n.禁忌；禁止”；D.tendency“n.傾向，趨勢(shì)；癖好”?！痉g參考答案】 1.Their coming to help 解析：原中文句是一個(gè)完整的“主、謂、賓”結(jié)構(gòu)，但這種漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)按照字面直接譯成英語(yǔ)They came to help的話(huà)，就不符合英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法規(guī)范，因?yàn)楹蟀刖湟呀?jīng)出現(xiàn)了謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞encouraged，所以這里我們要采用詞性轉(zhuǎn)譯法，把“他們來(lái)幫忙”處理成動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)的形式。其實(shí)，還有一種方法是把“他們來(lái)幫忙”處理成that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句That they came to help，在句子作主語(yǔ)。2.【參考譯文】

經(jīng)過(guò)了六個(gè)月的爭(zhēng)論以及最后16個(gè)小時(shí)激烈的議會(huì)辯論，澳大利亞北部地區(qū)當(dāng)局成為了世界上第一個(gè)允許醫(yī)生給希望死去的絕癥病人實(shí)施安樂(lè)死的立法當(dāng)局。

================================ 1.Years after the accident he was still_____by images of death and destruction.A.twisted B.haunted C.dipped D.submerged 2.It is a generous and receptive intelligence that was ______ from attaining its full scope by bad training, poor school and lack of opportunity.A.foiled B.thwarted C.balked

D.Inhabited 【翻譯練習(xí)】

1.I was sorry ________________（沒(méi)看上這部電影）.2.英譯漢

Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage.But the tide is unlikely to turn back.1.B【句意】事故發(fā)生后好多年死亡和毀滅的景象仍然縈繞于他的腦海中?！窘馕觥吭~義辨析。A項(xiàng)“twist纏繞，盤(pán)繞；扭曲，擠壓；轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，旋轉(zhuǎn)”；B項(xiàng)“haunt(指鬼魂）常出沒(méi)于（某處)；經(jīng)常浮現(xiàn)于（某人）腦際”；C項(xiàng)“dip浸，泡，蘸”；D項(xiàng)“submerge(使）進(jìn)入，液面、海面之下，淹沒(méi)；完全覆蓋”。

2.C【句意】糟糕的訓(xùn)練、較差的學(xué)校以及機(jī)會(huì)的缺失妨礙了一個(gè)寬宏大量并樂(lè)于接受的大腦完全被開(kāi)發(fā)。

【解析】詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)“foil阻止（某人）執(zhí)行計(jì)劃；阻撓，挫敗”；B項(xiàng)“thwart 阻撓（某人）成事；阻止（計(jì)劃等）實(shí)現(xiàn)”；C項(xiàng)“balk故意妨礙或阻止（某事物）”；D項(xiàng)“inhabit居住于，棲居于；占據(jù)”?！痉g參考答案】

1.to have missed this film 解析：本題考查了反譯法和不定式完成時(shí)的用法?！皼](méi)看上這部電影，所以我才感到遺憾”，因此動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前，所以要用完成時(shí)態(tài)。如果用正譯法將句子需填入部分譯成not to have seen this film就不符合英語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣，沒(méi)有答案的效果好。2.【參考譯文】

一些機(jī)構(gòu)終于松了一口氣，但是其他一些機(jī)構(gòu)，包括教堂，倡導(dǎo)生命之權(quán)的團(tuán)體和澳大利亞醫(yī)學(xué)協(xié)會(huì)，尖銳地抨擊這個(gè)法案，指責(zé)法案的通過(guò)過(guò)于匆忙。但是大勢(shì)已定，不可逆轉(zhuǎn)。================================= 1.The lawyer thought that piece of evidence was ______ early in the investigation but it turned out to be vital in convicting the man of theft.A.insignificant B.unchangeable C.unsuitable D.inevitable 2.We are going to ______ what were learned so far by some revision exercise today.A.consolidate B.reinforce C.affirm D.conform 【翻譯練習(xí)】

1._______________（完成作業(yè)后），they went to the library.2.英譯漢

With economic growth has come centralization: fully 76 percent of Japan's 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, tow-generation households.【參考答案】

1.A【句意】律師在調(diào)查初期認(rèn)為那個(gè)證據(jù)是無(wú)關(guān)緊要的，但它最后卻在定這個(gè)男子盜竊罪上成為至關(guān)重要的證據(jù)。

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。insignificant“無(wú)關(guān)緊要，不重要的，無(wú)意義的”；unchangeable“不變的，不能改變的”；unsuitable“不適合的，不適宜的，不相稱(chēng)的”；inevitable“必然的，不可避免的”。由關(guān)鍵詞but的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系及vital“至關(guān)重要的”的對(duì)比知應(yīng)填跟vital意思相反的詞，故A項(xiàng)正確。

2.A【句意】我們今天將通過(guò)做一些復(fù)習(xí)練習(xí)來(lái)鞏固目前學(xué)習(xí)的內(nèi)容?！窘馕觥縿?dòng)詞詞義辨析。consolidate“鞏固，使固定，聯(lián)合”；reinforce“加強(qiáng)，加固，強(qiáng)化，補(bǔ)充”；affirm“肯定，斷言”；conform“使遵守，使一致，使順從”。由關(guān)鍵詞“what were learned”及“exercise”可推知這里指“鞏固學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容”，故A項(xiàng)正確。【翻譯參考答案】

1.Having finished their homework 解析：我們知道，現(xiàn)在分詞在句中可以表示原因、時(shí)間、條件、結(jié)果等。本題考查了現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的用法。由后半句可知，“完成作業(yè)”發(fā)生在“他們?nèi)D書(shū)館”之前，因此，現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)需要用完成時(shí)態(tài)。如果分詞動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，就用一般式，如：Seeing the picture，he couldn’t help thinking of her.（一看到照片，他就禁不住想起她。）2.【參考譯文】

隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長(zhǎng)，出現(xiàn)了集中化：全國(guó)1．19億公民，其中整整76％的人口定居城市：在這里，原來(lái)的社區(qū)和多代同堂的大家庭已被摒棄，取而代之的是與外界疏于往來(lái)的、只由兩代人組成的核心家庭。