第一篇：大學(xué)英語(yǔ)翻譯全教程第一講(完美版)

翻譯理論與實(shí)踐

（以《英語(yǔ)翻譯教程》南開(kāi)大學(xué)出版社為基礎(chǔ)）

第一講 翻譯概述

一、翻譯的概念

1．廣義的翻譯指語(yǔ)言與語(yǔ)言、語(yǔ)言與非語(yǔ)言等代碼轉(zhuǎn)換和基本信息的傳達(dá)。它包括不同語(yǔ)言間的翻譯（如英漢互譯）語(yǔ)言變體間的翻譯（如古今語(yǔ)言、不同方言的互譯）、語(yǔ)言與其他交際符號(hào)的轉(zhuǎn)換（如把交通規(guī)則畫(huà)成交通標(biāo)志）。他對(duì)翻譯的內(nèi)容只強(qiáng)調(diào)“基本信息”，不強(qiáng)調(diào)“完全的忠實(shí)”。也有翻譯家提出“理解也是翻譯”的理論，這就把語(yǔ)言與思維也包括在廣義的翻譯里了。

2．狹義的翻譯指語(yǔ)言活動(dòng)，是把一種語(yǔ)言所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容中式地用另一種遠(yuǎn)表達(dá)出來(lái)。這個(gè)定義強(qiáng)調(diào)“是一種語(yǔ)言活動(dòng)”，表明它是人類多種交際方式中語(yǔ)言交際的溝通；強(qiáng)調(diào)“一種語(yǔ)言到另一種語(yǔ)言”，排除了同一語(yǔ)言間各變體的互譯；強(qiáng)調(diào)“忠實(shí)地”，避免了翻譯與釋義或改寫(xiě)的混淆。

奈達(dá)（Eugene Nida）“Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language message, first in terms of meaning and second in terms of style.”(Nida & Taber: The Theory and Practice of Translation)

我們的翻譯課講的就是狹義的翻譯，并專指“書(shū)面表達(dá)內(nèi)容”，以區(qū)別于有獨(dú)特之處的口譯（interpretation）。

二、翻譯的分類

1．從所涉及的代碼性質(zhì)看，可分為語(yǔ)內(nèi)翻譯（intralingual translation）、語(yǔ)際翻譯（interlingual translation）和語(yǔ)符翻譯（intersemiotic translation）。語(yǔ)內(nèi)翻譯是同一種語(yǔ)言見(jiàn)不同語(yǔ)言變體的翻譯，如把古漢語(yǔ)譯成現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)，把黑話譯成一般語(yǔ)言（雷子，一方）；語(yǔ)際翻譯是不同語(yǔ)言間的翻譯，是狹義翻譯研究的對(duì)象；語(yǔ)符翻譯是用非文字符號(hào)解釋文字符號(hào)，如圖畫(huà)、手勢(shì)、音樂(lè)符號(hào)等。

2．從方向上看，我國(guó)的翻譯可分為外譯漢、漢譯外。

3．從手段上看，翻譯可分為口譯、筆譯和機(jī)器翻譯。

4．從題材，即所譯資料的性質(zhì)上看，可分為文學(xué)翻譯（literary translation）,如小說(shuō)、詩(shī)歌、戲劇等，和實(shí)用翻譯（pragmatic translation）,科技資料、法律文件、新聞、公文等。當(dāng)然兩者都可以進(jìn)一步再分。如小說(shuō)翻譯、新聞翻譯等。

5從翻譯的模式上看，可分為全譯、編譯、縮譯（節(jié)譯）、摘譯、改譯。

a)編譯 是翻譯與編訂的結(jié)合，是指把所需材料選編、翻譯過(guò)來(lái)，一般不加如譯者的觀點(diǎn)，所據(jù)材料可以是一種也可以是多種，常用于實(shí)用性資料的翻譯中，如說(shuō)明書(shū)，介紹。

b)縮譯也叫節(jié)譯，是翻譯與縮寫(xiě)的結(jié)合，近似于編譯，但一般要求原材料是一種。（如金教授《尤利西斯》的節(jié)譯與選譯之爭(zhēng)）

c)摘譯是翻譯與摘錄的結(jié)合，是比縮譯更簡(jiǎn)約的一種獲取資料的方法。

d)改譯，是翻譯和創(chuàng)作的結(jié)合，如文學(xué)作品可以增刪一些情節(jié)（迦因小傳），體裁也可有所改動(dòng)，如原文是戲劇可改譯成小說(shuō)（如朱生豪把莎士比亞的詩(shī)體譯成散文體）。補(bǔ)充資料：口譯

口譯依進(jìn)行的方式，可分為同聲傳譯以及交替?zhèn)髯g兩大類。

●同聲傳譯

所謂同聲傳譯（Simultaneous Interpreting），是指譯員以幾乎與講者同時(shí)的方式，做口語(yǔ)翻譯，也就是在講者仍在說(shuō)話時(shí)，同聲傳譯員便“同時(shí)”進(jìn)行翻譯。由于同聲傳譯員必須一邊接收來(lái)自講者的訊息，一邊將訊息盡快傳遞給聽(tīng)者，因此“一心多用”這樣的分神能力（Multi-tasking），是譯員的訓(xùn)練重點(diǎn)。

同聲傳譯經(jīng)常應(yīng)用于一般的正式國(guó)際會(huì)議中，通?？谧g員會(huì)坐在位于后方的“口譯室”（Booth）中，透過(guò)耳機(jī)以及視線或視訊接收講者的訊息，然后對(duì)著麥克風(fēng)進(jìn)行翻譯，而坐于會(huì)場(chǎng)中的聽(tīng)眾，1

則可透過(guò)特殊的音訊接收設(shè)備，以耳機(jī)聽(tīng)取口譯員的翻譯。正式的國(guó)際會(huì)議中，出于口譯員精神負(fù)荷的考量，通常一種語(yǔ)言會(huì)由兩位口譯員負(fù)責(zé)，兩人輪流進(jìn)行翻譯。

●交替?zhèn)髯g

所謂交替?zhèn)髯g（Consecutive Interpreting），是指講者講到一個(gè)段落后，停下來(lái)讓口譯員進(jìn)行翻譯，以此方式交替進(jìn)行。由于講者說(shuō)話的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)短不一，為了不遺漏重點(diǎn)，在短時(shí)間內(nèi)以筆記的方式摘要講者說(shuō)過(guò)的內(nèi)容，是同聲傳譯員的訓(xùn)練重點(diǎn)之一。

關(guān)于口譯的考試

“翻譯專業(yè)資格（水平）考試”(China Accreditation Test for Translators and

Interpreters —CATTI)是在全國(guó)實(shí)行統(tǒng)一的、面向社會(huì)的、國(guó)內(nèi)最具權(quán)威的翻譯專業(yè)資格（水平）認(rèn)證；是對(duì)參試人員口譯或筆譯方面的雙語(yǔ)互譯能力和水平的認(rèn)定。

翻譯專業(yè)資格(水平)考試合格，頒發(fā)由國(guó)家人力資源和社會(huì)保障部統(tǒng)一印制并用印的《中華人民共和國(guó)翻譯專業(yè)資格(水平)證書(shū)》。翻譯專業(yè)資格(水平)考試在國(guó)家人力資源和社會(huì)保障部指導(dǎo)下,由中國(guó)外文局組織實(shí)施與管理。

2003年12月6日至7日，全國(guó)首次二級(jí)、三級(jí)英語(yǔ)口譯、筆譯試點(diǎn)考試在北京、上海、廣州三個(gè)城市舉行。這項(xiàng)考試分三級(jí)、二級(jí)、一級(jí)口筆譯翻譯和資深翻譯4個(gè)等級(jí)，目前我們進(jìn)行的是二級(jí)口譯、筆譯翻譯和三級(jí)口譯、筆譯翻譯的考試。2010年二級(jí)英語(yǔ)筆譯、口譯交替?zhèn)髯g類考試和三級(jí)英語(yǔ)筆譯、口譯考試分為5月8、9日和11月13、14日兩次舉行；其他語(yǔ)種各級(jí)別考試均為一次。

三、譯者的素養(yǎng)

1.堅(jiān)實(shí)的語(yǔ)言功底：不僅指外語(yǔ)，也指漢語(yǔ)水平，應(yīng)有很強(qiáng)的雙語(yǔ)能力。提高的途徑是多閱讀，優(yōu)秀的經(jīng)典的中外文學(xué)作品。

例：There’s no pot so ugly it can’t find a lid.（該句的含義是“姑娘無(wú)論多丑也能配個(gè)漢子?！保?/p>

如果譯為“沒(méi)有丑到配不上一個(gè)蓋子的罐子”，讀起來(lái)未免平板滯重；

如果譯為“罐兒再丑，配個(gè)蓋子不發(fā)愁”，意韻合拍，頓成妙筆佳句。

2.合理的知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)：即雜學(xué)，天文地理、人情風(fēng)俗、歷史事件。提高的途徑是勤學(xué)多問(wèn)，要成為一名雜

家。如： radio astronomer是“射電天文學(xué)家”不是“無(wú)線電天文學(xué)家”，radio telescope是“射電望遠(yuǎn)鏡”不是“無(wú)線電望遠(yuǎn)鏡”。Radio noise 是“射頻噪聲”。

例：After lunching in the basement of the Medical School, Philip went back to his rooms.It was Saturday afternoon, and the landlady was cleaning the stairs.(在醫(yī)學(xué)院地下室吃過(guò)午飯后，菲利普回到自己的寓所。那是一個(gè)星期六的下午，女房東正在打掃樓梯。)

在英國(guó)把房屋分間出租供人住宿，被稱為landlord/landlady。有人缺乏相關(guān)背景知識(shí)，把landlady譯為“女地主”。

3.學(xué)習(xí)一些翻譯理論和技巧：如翻譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、過(guò)程方法、歷史，翻譯時(shí)所采用的各種方法。

4.高度的責(zé)任感：高度的責(zé)任感，不負(fù)責(zé)任的錯(cuò)誤清則鬧笑話，重則出事故。如96年奧運(yùn)會(huì)的三劍客就

因?yàn)榉g的失誤而錯(cuò)失金牌。在1996年的亞特蘭大奧運(yùn)會(huì)上,因?yàn)榉g錯(cuò)了比賽時(shí)間,中國(guó)男子擊劍隊(duì)三劍客葉沖,王海濱,董兆致沒(méi)有準(zhǔn)時(shí)參加男子花劍的團(tuán)體比賽,那時(shí)候中國(guó)三劍客正值上升期,絕對(duì)具備奪牌或者拿到金牌的實(shí)力,但就是因?yàn)榉g的疏忽讓他們的奧運(yùn)夢(mèng)想破裂了。

四、翻譯的步驟：1.理解（翻譯的第一步）；2.表達(dá)（翻譯）；3檢查(Proofreading)。英譯漢難在理解，因而造成誤譯。如：“He only passed the French test.”(他勉強(qiáng)通過(guò)了法語(yǔ)考試)。而不是 “只有他通過(guò)了法語(yǔ)考試”（Only he passed the French test）,也不是“他只通過(guò)了法語(yǔ)考試”（He passed only the French test）

又如： 上世紀(jì)三十年代，魯迅與瞿秋白是主張用“直譯法”翻譯英語(yǔ)作品的，主張“寧信而不順”，當(dāng)時(shí)與“意譯派”趙景深之流有較大沖突。英語(yǔ)中的“milky way”的中文意思是“銀河”，趙景深主張翻譯外文“與其信而不順，不如順而不信“，竟然將其譯成“牛奶路”。這讓魯迅等人嗤之以鼻，魯迅還稍弄文筆，作小詩(shī)一首以諷之。詩(shī)云：“可嘆織女星，竟作馬郎婦。喜鵲疑不來(lái)，條條牛奶路?！保ㄒ馑际牵嚎椗潜弧芭ｎ^不對(duì)馬嘴”之人配作了“馬郎婦”，喜鵲看見(jiàn)不是牛郎，都不來(lái)了，如何相見(jiàn)呢？只有靠一條條的牛奶路了。魯迅將銀河與牛郎織女之故事聯(lián)系起來(lái)，又結(jié)合對(duì)手張冠李戴之作法，巧妙刺其不倫不類之意，令“意譯派”尷尬不已，很下不來(lái)臺(tái)。）

The Milky Way，傳說(shuō)中赫拉（古希臘神話中的天后，宙斯的姐姐和第三位妻子，她在奧林匹斯山的地位僅次于她的丈夫宙斯。）的乳汁濺成的天路。雖然趙景深“牛奶路”這個(gè)翻譯曾受人恥笑并棄之不用，但“銀河”一詞未免又忽略了它背后的希臘神話故事，漢譯英難在表達(dá)，如漢譯英實(shí)踐中的“三角錢(qián)”譯成了“triangle money”。

五、大學(xué)生如何學(xué)好翻譯

（1）樹(shù)立正確的學(xué)習(xí)態(tài)度，克服輕視、懼怕翻譯的心理。

（2）掌握基本的翻譯理論技巧知識(shí)

（3）進(jìn)行大量的實(shí)踐：熟能生巧，在實(shí)踐中不斷摸索，提高認(rèn)識(shí)，增強(qiáng)雙語(yǔ)能力。

六、課堂練習(xí)

1.理解易，表達(dá)難

（1）It was a cold winter day.這是一個(gè)寒冷的冬天。（錯(cuò)）

這是寒冬的一天。（錯(cuò)）

這是冬天的寒冷的一天。（兩個(gè)“的”，兩個(gè)“天”，別扭）

冬天一個(gè)寒冷的日子。

（2）She liked to be with him better than with others.她覺(jué)得跟他在一起比跟別人在一起開(kāi)心。（沒(méi)錯(cuò)，但不順）

她覺(jué)得跟他在一起比跟誰(shuí)都開(kāi)心。（更順一些）

她覺(jué)得跟他在一起最開(kāi)心（好，漢語(yǔ)往往用最高級(jí)形式代替一般比較級(jí)形式）

（3）離開(kāi)教室的時(shí)候關(guān)燈。

Turn off the lights before you leave.（用when不符合英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣）

2．理解難，（1）All men can’t be first.并非人人都可以拿第一。

（2）He has a large family.他的子女很多。（family在《牛津袖珍英漢雙解詞典》中的解釋有a.numbers of a household 家庭成員；b.person’s children 子女）

（3）I always get angry with him, I just can’t help it.我老是對(duì)他發(fā)火，我就是控制不了我自己。

3．變性（詞性發(fā)生變化）

1）O.Henry is the creator of a new short story genre in literature.歐·亨利是文學(xué)上短篇小說(shuō)的一種新體裁的創(chuàng)造者。（生手譯文）歐·亨利在文學(xué)上創(chuàng)造了短篇小說(shuō)的一種新體裁。（n.→v.）

2）The presence of the Indians here at the time of Columbus’ arrival is sufficient proof of it.（n.—v.）４．詞無(wú)定譯

（1）who is a good Christian, a good parent, child, wife or husband.虔誠(chéng)的教徒，慈愛(ài)的父母，孝順的兒女，賢良的妻子，盡職的丈夫。——楊必《名利場(chǎng)》

（2）Young Archimedes: 在所在的作品中，應(yīng)該譯成“小Archimedes”, 因?yàn)樾≈魅斯挥惺q，所以不能譯成“年輕的Archimedes”

（3）書(shū)=book?

book: number of sheet of paper, either printed or blank, fastened together in a cover.（筆記本：notebook可以反映出book在漢語(yǔ)與英語(yǔ)中的理解，英漢詞典的中文翻譯“書(shū)”往往會(huì)誤導(dǎo)我們。）

書(shū)：書(shū)寫(xiě)（write）書(shū)法（calligraphy）、書(shū)信（letter），保證書(shū)和說(shuō)明書(shū)（document）

（4）Among all those decades’ worth of family documents my parents had looked through, the delivery bill was the only thing they thought of sufficient interest to pass along.（無(wú)法對(duì)譯：指我的出生記錄/證明）

document: an official paper, a certificate, anything written that gives information or supplies evidence.5.增詞

1）For months I have kept on my desk a picture from a tabloid.幾個(gè)月來(lái)，我桌上一直放著一幅從小報(bào)上剪下的照片。

2）Science demands of men great effort and complete devotion.人們要掌握科學(xué)知識(shí)，必須做出巨大努力，并表現(xiàn)出無(wú)限的熱忱。（不能說(shuō)“掌握科學(xué)”，故加“知識(shí)”，英語(yǔ)名詞見(jiàn)長(zhǎng)，漢語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞見(jiàn)長(zhǎng)，故加“做出”、“表現(xiàn)出”。）

6．減詞

1）He put his hands into his pocket and then shrugged his shoulders.他把雙手插進(jìn)口袋，然后聳了聳肩。

第二篇：大學(xué)英語(yǔ)翻譯

Unit 1 1.聽(tīng)到她屢遭失敗的消息，我感到很難過(guò)（distress）

It distressed me a great deal to hear the news that he had suffered repeated failure.2.他雖然失去了老板的歡心，但仍然裝出一副高興的樣子（assume）He assured an air for cheerfulness, even though he lost favor with his boss.3.格列佛（Gulliver）經(jīng)歷了冒險(xiǎn)奇遇，見(jiàn)到了各色奇異的人物（assortment）Gulliver met with extraordinary adventures and saw a strange assortment of people.4.如果你再犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤，他會(huì)很生你氣的（furious）He will be furious with you if you repeat the same mistake.5.我們都被他坦率的觀點(diǎn)、幽默的語(yǔ)言和親切的態(tài)度所深深吸引（draw）We were all greatly drawn by his frank views, humorous words and genial manner.6.等到歡呼的掌聲平息下來(lái)，那位諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)獲得者開(kāi)始演講（die down）After cheers and applause died down, the Nobel Prize Winner began his speech.7.他天生有一種特別的洞察力和預(yù)見(jiàn)力，因此，他很少隨大流（run with the crowd）He is gifted with a sore of insight and foresight, so he rarely runs with the crowd.8.我發(fā)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)實(shí)畢竟是非常嚴(yán)酷的，一個(gè)人難以完全按照自己的理想去生活（live up to）I feel realities are after all very harsh, so one can hardly live up entirely to his ideals.Unit 2 1.我的頂頭上司是典型的工作狂，一年365天每天工作10小時(shí)以上（workaholic）

My immediate boss is a typical workaholic, for he works for over ten hours each day all the year round.2.校長(zhǎng)十分注重課外活動(dòng)，他認(rèn)為課外活動(dòng)有助于培養(yǎng)學(xué)生對(duì)外部世界的濃厚興趣（extracurricular）

The principal attaches much importance to extracurricular activities and he believes that they will help to cultivate students' tremendous interest in the external world.3.星期一早上，他總是快速?zèng)_個(gè)澡，胡亂吃塊三明治，攔輛出租車去上班（grab）He always grabs a shower, a sandwich and then a taxi to go to work every Monday morning.4.既然你要離開(kāi)公司了，你要在本周內(nèi)清算賬目（straighten out）

Since you are leaving the company, you should straighten out the accounts within the week.5.為了按時(shí)完成博士論文，他經(jīng)常熬夜（stay up）

He often stays up late at night in order to finish writing his Ph.D dissertation on time.6.沒(méi)有什么能夠取代內(nèi)心深處最深切的愛(ài)（replace）

Nothing can replace the profoundest love lodged in one's heart of hearts.7.他被認(rèn)為是總裁職位的當(dāng)然人選，因?yàn)樗呀?jīng)出色地做了近10年副總裁（natural n.）He is considered a natural for the post of the president, for he has been an excellent vice-president for almost ten years.8.他實(shí)在太普通了，丟人堆里根本找不著（pick out）He is just too common to be picked out from the crowd.Unit 3

1、這所大學(xué)是世界上歷史最悠久的高等學(xué)府之一（venerable）The university is one of the most venerable institutions of higher learning in the world.2、如果一個(gè)人缺乏實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)，僅憑課堂里學(xué)到的東西是難以成功的（deficient）

If one is deficient in practical experience, he can hardly make himself a success with only what he has acquired in class.3、我火冒三丈，這片專題文章本周內(nèi)必須寫(xiě)完，但老是被打斷（exasperate）

I felt exasperated by constant interruptions, for I had to finish writing the monograph by the end of this week.4、他認(rèn)為用就問(wèn)題來(lái)寫(xiě)一個(gè)當(dāng)代的主題是滑稽可笑的（ludicrous）

He feels that it is ludicrous to write on a contemporary theme in an ancient style.5、上海的外灘在上世紀(jì)七八十年代是年輕情侶喜歡來(lái)的談情說(shuō)愛(ài)的之地（coo）

The Bund in Shanghai was a place where young couples liked to come to coo in the 70s and the 80s of the last century.6、作為10來(lái)歲的孩子，他女兒算是非常恬靜的，因?yàn)樗矚g讀書(shū)勝于嬉戲（sedate）His daughter is very sedate for a girl of about ten, for she kikes reading more than playing.7、當(dāng)一抹陽(yáng)光灑向大地的時(shí)候，這對(duì)情人手拉手，在鄉(xiāng)村道路上散步（stroll）

The couple strolled hand-in0hand along the country road when the sun in its first splendor steeped the earth.8、這個(gè)詩(shī)人在世時(shí)被普遍認(rèn)為是一個(gè)怪癖的浪漫天才（eccentric）

The poet was commonly considered as an eccentric romantic genius when alive.Unit 4

1、毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，莎士比亞是各個(gè)時(shí)代劇作家相形見(jiàn)絀（overshadow）

It goes without saying that Shakespeare overshadows all the other playwrights throughout the ages.2、《了不起的蓋茨比》被普通認(rèn)為是美國(guó)上世紀(jì)爵士時(shí)代的縮影（epitome）

The Great Gatsby is commonly deemed as the epitome of the Jazz Age of the last century in America.3、你最好不要在他去哈佛大學(xué)深造的興頭上潑冷水（put a damper on）

It is advisable for you not to put a damper on his enthusiasm to further his studies at Harvard.4、年輕人容易盲目崇拜體育圈和娛樂(lè)圈迷人的明星（make a fetish of）

Young people tend to make a fetish of glamorous stars in sports and entertainment circles.5、他們一路閑逛，漫步來(lái)到市中心區(qū)域觀看慶祝國(guó)慶的煙花燃放（traipse）

They traipsed all the way to the downtown area to watch the National Day fireworks display.6、他沒(méi)有犯什么大錯(cuò)或大罪，不該受到如此嚴(yán)厲的懲罰（deserve）

He does not deserve such a severe punishment as he has committed neither serous errors nor grave crimes.7、我每次遇到他，他總是說(shuō)一堆無(wú)聊的話（a whole lot of）Every time I met him, he would talk a whole lot of nonsense.8、名聲是一個(gè)許多人愿意掉下去的陷阱（trap）

Reputation is a trap into which many people are ready to fall.Unit 5

1、當(dāng)哈姆雷特拿不定注意該采取什么行動(dòng)時(shí)，他就裝瘋（feign）Hamlet feigned madness when he was hesitating what to do.2、搪塞推諉是這生意人的慣用伎倆（prevarication）

Prevarication is one of the techniques this businessman likes to employ.3、真理之光有時(shí)太刺目，于是善意的謊言隨處可見(jiàn)（ubiquitous）

Sometimes the light of the truth is just too dazzling, so white lies are ubiquitous.4、美國(guó)許多婦女聲稱他們對(duì)自己二等公民的地位感到不滿（profess）

Many women in America profess that they are unhappy with their status as second-class citizens.5、一時(shí)沖動(dòng)之下，他失言抖出了秘密（blurt out）On the impulse of the moment, he blurted out the secret.6、你應(yīng)該擺脫偏見(jiàn)，抵制誘惑，不讓任何東西扭曲你的判斷（warp）

You should get rid of any prejudice, resist temptations and let nothing warp your judgment.7、他是一個(gè)過(guò)于敏感和富于想象的人，經(jīng)常在頭腦里編織一張復(fù)雜的網(wǎng)絡(luò)（a tangled web）Being over-sensitive and imaginative, he often weaves a tangled web in his mind.8、他在伙伴中很受歡迎，因?yàn)樗M量不給別人添麻煩（spare）

He is very popular among his peers as he always tries to spare others any trouble.Unit 8 1.實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了他們的預(yù)料（surpass）

The result of the experiment far surpassed their expectations.2.我們應(yīng)該充分考慮這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的費(fèi)用和可能遇到的問(wèn)題（take account of）

We should take full account of the cost of the project and the difficulties we might encounter 3.好天氣是這次遠(yuǎn)征科學(xué)考察成功的原因之一（contribute to）The fair weather contributed to the success of the scientific expedition.4.巴西球員球星羅納爾多（Ronaldo）在2002年世界杯足球賽中射進(jìn)好幾個(gè)精彩的球（spectacular）

Ronaldo, one of the football stars from Brail, scored several spectacular goals in 2002 FIFA World Cup.5.羅伯特*弗羅斯特（Robert Frost）由于對(duì)詩(shī)歌的杰出貢獻(xiàn)被美國(guó)許多大學(xué)授予名譽(yù)學(xué)位（confer…upon）

Many honorary degrees from different colleges and universities in America were conferred upon Robert Frost for his remarkable contributions to poetry.6.擺脫壞習(xí)慣需要耐心和毅力（emancipation from…）

Patience and perseverance are required in emancipation from bad habits.7.他們努力將這些新觀念灌輸?shù)綄W(xué)生的頭腦中去（instill）They tried to instill such new ideas into students’ minds.8.你對(duì)員工進(jìn)行評(píng)估時(shí)應(yīng)該做到公正（impartiality）

You should demonstrate impartiality in your assessment of the employees.Unit 9 1.你應(yīng)該提前告訴我你將去美國(guó)深造的事（in advance）

You should have told me in advance that you would further your studies in United States.2.他過(guò)分寵愛(ài)他的孫輩（lavish）He lavished too much care on his grandchildren.3.各種新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)已經(jīng)興起（spring up）

Various new technology industries have sprung up.4.許多英語(yǔ)單詞源于拉丁語(yǔ)、希臘語(yǔ)和法語(yǔ)詞匯（derive from）Many English words derive from Latin, Greek and French words.5.一位哲學(xué)家認(rèn)為矛盾對(duì)立無(wú)處不在（ubiquitous）

A philosopher holds that contradictory oppositions are ubiquitous.6.仁慈善良是他本性中不可缺少的一部分（part and parcel）Kindness is part and parcel of his nature.7.他具有超人的記憶力和智力（phenomenal）He possessed phenomenal memory and intelligence.8.他對(duì)吃穿都很講究（fastidious）

He is fastidious about what he eats and wears.Unit 11

1、他的父母對(duì)他有很高的期望，他感到壓力很大（feel weighted）He felt heavily weighted with such high expectations from his parents.2、他用積極的觀點(diǎn)來(lái)解釋這件事（in…light）He interpreted the incident in a favorable.3、我很討厭他，因?yàn)樗貏e喜歡誹謗他人（go out of one's way）I detest him, for he often goes out of his light way to backbite others.4、許多宗教的教義敦促人們超越塵世的成功（mundane）Many religious teachings urge people to transcend mundane success.5、個(gè)人的主動(dòng)性是促進(jìn)事業(yè)發(fā)展的要素之一（initiative）

Personal initiative is one of the essential elements in promoting your career.6、我認(rèn)為填鴨式教育不是好的教學(xué)方法（spoon-feed）

I don't think it is a good method of reaching to spoon-feed students.7、我將全力以赴在下個(gè)月之前完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)，因?yàn)槲也幌胗胁蛔袷刂Z言的污名（stigma）I will spare no efforts to accomplish the task by the end of next month, for I don't want to suffer from the stigma of having broken my promise.8、我得到了許多與教育新政策相關(guān)的信息（pertinent）

I've got much information pertinent to the new policy in education.

第三篇：大學(xué)英語(yǔ)翻譯

1．會(huì)上有人建議任命一個(gè)十一人委員會(huì)來(lái)制定新章程 It was suggested at the meeting that a committee of 11 be appointed to make a newconstitution.2．這些青年科學(xué)家通過(guò)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)觀察，獲得了研究工作所需的第一手資料 By making on-the-spot observation, the young scientist obtained first-hand information they needed in their research work.3．他很可能會(huì)因視力不好而被拒收入伍 It is very likely that he will be rejected by the army because of his bad eyesight.4．委員會(huì)成員在新機(jī)場(chǎng)最佳選址這一問(wèn)題上持有不同意見(jiàn) The committee members have conflictingopinions as to the best location of the new airport.5.亨利創(chuàng)作的藝術(shù)品在許多方面比他兄弟的要好 Henry’s works of art are superior in many respects to those of his brother’s.6.我們產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量的穩(wěn)步提高在很大程度上是由于設(shè)備有所改迚 The steady rise in the quality of our products owes much to the improvement of our equipment.7.吉姆本想按照自己的判斷行亊，但他沒(méi)有這樣做，因?yàn)樽鳛檐娙怂梅拿?令 Jim would have preferred to act on his own judgment, but he didn’t because as a soldier he had to obey the order.8.如果讓我來(lái)決定我們是要一個(gè)沒(méi)有自行車的城市呢，還是要一個(gè)沒(méi)有汽車的 城市，我會(huì)毫不猶豫地選擇后者 Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a city without bikes or one without cars.I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter.1.她在當(dāng)?shù)匾患毅y行找到一份出納員的工作，但不久因不稱職而被解雇了。She got a post as a cashier at a local bank.But she was soon fired because she proved to be incompetent.2.很明顯是他的年輕助手在經(jīng)營(yíng)這家書(shū)店。It is obviously/clearly his youngassistant who is runningthe bookstore.3.這項(xiàng)建議在會(huì)上一宣布，她就站起來(lái)提出異議。No sooner had the proposal been announced at the meeting than she got to her feet to protest.4.比爾已向哈佛大學(xué)申請(qǐng)助教職位，但他得到它的可能性很小。Bill has applied to Harvard University for a teaching assistantship, but his chances of gettingit are slim.5.由于缺乏資金，他們正在想辦法吸引外資。Being short of funds, they are tryingto attract foreign capital.6.這個(gè)房間有股霉味，一定是好久沒(méi)人住了。The room smells of stale air.It must have been vacant for a longtime.7.就業(yè)余愛(ài)好而言，珍妮和她妹妹幾乎沒(méi)有什么共同之處。As far as hobbies are concerned, Jane and her sister have little in common.8.不言而喻，青年人的教育對(duì)于一個(gè)國(guó)家的未來(lái)是至關(guān)重要的。It is self-evident that the education of the youngis vital to the future of a country.1.那小女孩跑的太快，身體一下失去平衡，跌倒了。The little girl ran so fast that she was thrown off balance and fell over/down.2.他致力于研究工作的精神給我留下

第四篇：大學(xué)精品英語(yǔ)翻譯

1.I think we should encourage high school students to find temporary jobs in summer vacation.我認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)該鼓勵(lì)中學(xué)生在暑假找臨時(shí)工作。2.The attorney/lawyer tried to convince the jury of his client’ s innocence 律師試圖說(shuō)服陪審團(tuán)他的當(dāng)事人是無(wú)辜的。3.No one who does not intend to work hard stands a chance of success.不打算努力工作的人就沒(méi)有可能取得成功。4.Watch how he operates the machine and then do likewise.瞧他是如何操作臺(tái)機(jī)器的，如何照著做。5.Some of the old fantasies about the space age have come true.過(guò)去有關(guān)太空時(shí)代的某些幻想已經(jīng)成為現(xiàn)實(shí)。6.Given the chance, John might have become an outstanding painter.如 果 有 機(jī) 會(huì) ,約 翰 也 許 已 成 為 一 位 杰 出 的 畫(huà) 家。7.As far as ability is concerned , I am sure he will qualify for the job.就能力而言，我肯定他能勝任這份工作 8.We came to the meeting full of expectations, yet we left very disappointed.我滿懷期望地來(lái)參加會(huì)議，離開(kāi)時(shí)卻又大失所望。9.We didn’ t like his attitude that he deserved special treatment.我們不贊成他認(rèn)為自己應(yīng)該得到特殊待遇的態(tài)度。10.Even if you are one of the best students in class, in order to maintain your grades you must review your lessons often.即使你是班上最好的學(xué)生之一，保住成績(jī)也得常常溫習(xí)要 功課。11.Some of the old fantasie s about the space age have come true.過(guò)去有關(guān)太空時(shí)代的某些幻想已經(jīng)成為現(xiàn)實(shí)。12.it is true that some people achieve success very early in life, while others must work along time before attaining their goals.情 況 確 實(shí) 如 此，有 些 人 一 生 很 早 就 獲 得 成 功，而 另 一 些 人 則要工作很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才能實(shí)現(xiàn)。13.He maintained that the failure of the experiment was largely due to inadequate preparation.他堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為這次試驗(yàn)的失敗主要由于準(zhǔn)備不足 14.My sister felt miserable for weeks after she had her pet dog stolen.我妹妹的愛(ài)犬被偷走后，她心里難受了好幾個(gè)星期。15.As far as I know, they have been emotionally detached from each other for some time.就我所知，他們互相感情上疏遠(yuǎn)已有一些時(shí)間了。16.In general, prices may be brought down by increasing supply or decreasing demand.一般來(lái)說(shuō)，通過(guò)增加供給或減少需求可以降低物價(jià)。17.There are a lot of papers to sign, but the only urgent one is this contract.許多文件要簽，但緊急的只有這份合同。18.In those days I would read everything I could get my hands on as long as it was written in English.在那些日子里，能弄到什么就看什么，要是英文寫(xiě)的。我 只 19.In fact, there are different accounts of the shipwreck in the newspapers.事實(shí)上，對(duì)于這次海灘報(bào)紙上說(shuō)的不一樣。20.Kong Fansen embodies a ll the fine qualities of a communist.孔繁森體現(xiàn)了一位共產(chǎn)

第五篇：大學(xué)英語(yǔ)翻譯

六單元

1)Before I went off to university, my grandfather gave me a few words of wisdom which impressed me deeply.在我上大學(xué)之前，祖父對(duì)我說(shuō)的那幾句充滿智慧的話給我留下了深刻的印象

2)Never tell my parents about my injuries and I’ll be very grateful to you(for it).千萬(wàn)別把我的傷勢(shì)告訴我的父母，我會(huì)很感激你的3)At the meeting some of our colleagues put forward sensible suggestions about improving our working environment.我們有幾個(gè)同事在會(huì)上提出了改進(jìn)工作環(huán)境了合理建議

4)The management has/have agreed to grant the workers a 10% pay rise in response to union pressure.迫于社會(huì)的壓力，資方同意給工人增加10%的工資

5)It was very thoughtful of the hostess to give the house a thorough cleaning before we arrived.女主人考慮得很周到，在我們來(lái)之前把房子打掃得干干凈凈

八單元

1)Without his personal file, an applicant can hardly expect to get/ be employed as a teacher.沒(méi)有個(gè)人檔案，求職者很難指望當(dāng)老師

2)With enough ice, we would be able to chill the drinks.有了足夠的冰，我們就能冰這些飲料了

3)In my humble opinion, reading us the most pleasant way to spend one’s leisure.依我愚見(jiàn)，閱讀是打發(fā)閑暇的最悅?cè)说姆绞?4)Some people said it was simply a miracle that the American athlete Michael Phelps won eight gold medals at the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.有人說(shuō)，美國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)員邁克爾菲爾普斯在2008年北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)上贏得把塊金牌簡(jiǎn)直是個(gè)奇跡

5)The washing machine has broken down, so we have to wash our clothes by hand.洗衣機(jī)壞了，我們只能用手洗衣服了

一單元

1)It takes an enormous amount of courage to make a departure from the tradition.背離傳統(tǒng)需要極大的勇氣

2)Tom used to be very shy, but this time he was bold

enough to give a performance in front of a large audience.湯姆過(guò)去很靦腆，但這次卻非常勇敢能再大庭廣眾面前上臺(tái)表演 3)Many educators think it desirable to foster the creative spirit in the child at an early age.很多教育家認(rèn)為從小培養(yǎng)小孩子的創(chuàng)新精神是很可取的4)Assuming(that)this painting is a masterpiece, do you think it’s worthwhile to buy/purchase it? 假設(shè)那幅畫(huà)確實(shí)是名作，你覺(jué)得值得購(gòu)買(mǎi)嗎

5)If the data is statistically valid, it will throw light on the problem we are investigating.如果這些數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)上時(shí)站得住腳的，那它將會(huì)幫助我們認(rèn)識(shí)正在調(diào)查的問(wèn)題

二單元

1)The company denied that its donations had a commercial purpose.該公司否認(rèn)其捐款有商業(yè)目的2)Whenever he was angry, he would begin to stammer slightly.每當(dāng)他生氣的時(shí)候，他說(shuō)話就有一點(diǎn)結(jié)巴

3)Education is the most cherished tradition in our family.That's why my parents never took me to dinner at expensive restaurants, but sent me to the best private school.教育是我們家庭最看重的傳統(tǒng)，這就是為什們我父母從不帶我們到昂貴的飯店吃飯，卻送我到最好的私立學(xué)校上學(xué)

4)Shortly after he recovered from the surgery, he lost his job and thus had to go through another difficult phase of his life.手術(shù)康復(fù)后不久，他失業(yè)了，因此經(jīng)歷了人生的有一個(gè)困難階段 5)contrast to our affluent neighbors, my parents are rather poor, but they have always tried hard to meet our minimal needs.與我們富裕的鄰居相比，我們的父母就相當(dāng)窮了，但是他們總是努力滿足我們最起碼的需求

四單元

1)Research shows that laughter can bring a lot of health benefits.研究表明，笑能夠帶來(lái)許多健康上的好處

2)A slow Internet connection speed is really annoying.互聯(lián)網(wǎng)連接速度慢的讓人心煩

3)As the law stands, helping someone commit suicide is a crime.法律規(guī)定，幫助他人自殺是犯罪

4)In her report, Mary tries to interpret the data from a completely different angle.瑪麗在她的報(bào)告中試圖從一個(gè)完全不同的角度來(lái)解釋這些數(shù)據(jù) 5)Sue is a girl of great talent.Her amazing memory sets her apart from her classmates.蘇是一個(gè)很有天分的女孩。她那驚人的記憶力使她在同班同學(xué)中顯得格外突出