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      肯尼迪的公眾承諾

      時(shí)間:2019-05-15 01:14:21下載本文作者:會(huì)員上傳
      簡(jiǎn)介:寫寫幫文庫小編為你整理了多篇相關(guān)的《肯尼迪的公眾承諾》,但愿對(duì)你工作學(xué)習(xí)有幫助,當(dāng)然你在寫寫幫文庫還可以找到更多《肯尼迪的公眾承諾》。

      第一篇:肯尼迪的公眾承諾

      肯尼迪的公眾承諾

      (藍(lán)色字體基本上為關(guān)系字,紅字體為重點(diǎn)加強(qiáng))

      1、眾所周知,肯尼迪是一位美國總統(tǒng)。很多人卻不知道,他曾經(jīng)是一位非常出色的橄欖球員。雖然他花在橄欖球的時(shí)間并不是很多,僅僅是中學(xué)的兩年時(shí)間。但在第二年,他已經(jīng)從一個(gè)從未打過橄欖球的毛頭小伙成長(zhǎng)到學(xué)校橄欖球隊(duì)隊(duì)長(zhǎng)。

      2、肯尼迪的橄欖球之路的成功源自于一句話,這聽起來有點(diǎn)不可思議。不過事實(shí)的確如此。小時(shí)候的肯尼迪由于家境優(yōu)越,幾乎他的要求都會(huì)得到滿足,于是,小肯尼迪嘴里的愿望便越來越膨脹,每一次在看電視的時(shí)候,他都會(huì)常立志。比如看到飛機(jī),他便會(huì)大聲宣布,“我長(zhǎng)大了要成為最偉大的飛行員”,看到奧運(yùn)會(huì),他又大聲宣布,“我長(zhǎng)大了要成為最偉大的長(zhǎng)跑選手?!?失敗者常立志,成功者立長(zhǎng)志)

      3、小肯尼迪也會(huì)苦惱,因?yàn)閺膩砭蜎]有人把他的話當(dāng)真。中學(xué)一年級(jí)的時(shí)候,有一次他和同學(xué)們?nèi)ビ^看學(xué)校的橄欖球比賽,由于事后大家都興高采烈地評(píng)論著球員們精彩的表現(xiàn)以及健美的體型,這令有點(diǎn)發(fā)胖的肯尼迪心里很不是滋味,頭腦一熱竟然脫口而出:“只要兩年,我可以成為他們的隊(duì)長(zhǎng)?!?/p>

      4、可以想象,當(dāng)時(shí)周圍的同學(xué)們可不是他的家人,沒有人會(huì)去附合他,只有取笑他。所有人都認(rèn)為肯尼迪只會(huì)吹牛,這對(duì)他來說是絕對(duì)不可忍受的事情。小好勝的肯尼迪這一回被激怒了,他沖到控制臺(tái),搶過話筒大聲宣布:“我,肯尼迪,兩年內(nèi)要成為橄欖球隊(duì)長(zhǎng),否則,我把橄欖球吞下去?!保ü姵兄Z)

      5、那天以后,肯尼迪的生活發(fā)生了翻天覆地的變化,因?yàn)檫@件事使他成了整個(gè)學(xué)校最熱門話題的主角,不管走到哪兒,總有人在指著他的背影談?wù)撻蠙烨虻氖虑椤>瓦B老師善意的笑容他也理解為是對(duì)他的不屑。這一次,肯尼迪明白了,無論如何,他必須要兌現(xiàn)他的承諾,否則他們會(huì)真的把橄欖球塞進(jìn)他的嘴里。

      6、后來同學(xué)們看到的是一個(gè)永不疲倦的肯尼迪,不管早晨還是傍晚,校園里看到的肯尼迪身影總是在不停奔跑。在每一次的橄欖球訓(xùn)練課上,肯尼迪成了令人恐懼的對(duì)手,因?yàn)樗阉杏?xùn)練當(dāng)成正式比賽。

      7、就像開頭說的那樣,肯尼迪兌現(xiàn)了他的公眾承諾,兩年的時(shí)間里,他成了學(xué)校橄欖球隊(duì)長(zhǎng),并且每一個(gè)隊(duì)員都信任他,他在每一個(gè)同學(xué)的心目中形象是:肯尼迪這個(gè)家伙,他說到的肯定能夠做得到。這個(gè)形象后來成了他競(jìng)選美國總統(tǒng)的最大優(yōu)勢(shì)。

      8、當(dāng)然,我們和肯尼迪都知道,他的成功因素并不是那一句承諾,而是承諾以后他付出的所有辛勤汗水。但如果沒有那一句的公眾承諾,他還會(huì)自覺地付出那此超常的汗水嗎?答案是肯定不會(huì),因?yàn)闆]有承諾,他就沒有目標(biāo),沒有動(dòng)力。

      9、承諾給了你目標(biāo),給了你行動(dòng)的方向,但我們要真正兌現(xiàn)承諾的時(shí)候,一套有效的行動(dòng)方法便是你兌現(xiàn)承諾的保證。正如《絕不裸奔》這本書的結(jié)構(gòu),你看到的封面是一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的公眾承諾口號(hào),但翻開書本,陳安之式的通俗幽默語言把全套行動(dòng)方法解剖得清清楚楚。

      10、正確的方法就如走上了一條正確的道路。

      11、這個(gè)世界有許多努力的人,不過并不是每一個(gè)努力的人都成功了,因?yàn)椴皇敲恳粋€(gè)人在努力的時(shí)候,他都清楚知道自己的目標(biāo),如果你不是朝著終點(diǎn)線奔去的話,不管你跑得多久,你都永遠(yuǎn)到不了終點(diǎn)。

      12、這便是公眾承諾,讓自己和所有人知道你的目標(biāo),然后你便只干一件事——全力以赴往目標(biāo)奔去!

      13、中學(xué)的經(jīng)歷讓肯尼迪嘗到了公眾承諾的甜頭,在他升入大學(xué)的第一年生日會(huì)上,他的父親對(duì)他說:“親愛的兒子,你已經(jīng)是大學(xué)生了,你確定了你以后要從事什么事業(yè)嗎?”

      14、肯尼迪沒有馬上回答父親,他走到樂隊(duì)旁邊,拿起話筒對(duì)所有來賓大聲說:“我,肯尼迪,未來的美利堅(jiān)合眾國總統(tǒng),我要讓美國成為世界第一強(qiáng)國,希望你們現(xiàn)在就給我掌聲支持?!?/p>

      第二篇:公眾承諾

      公眾承諾

      自今日起若我因個(gè)人情緒影響到他人心情以及正常工作,若有3人證實(shí)認(rèn)可,我愿意接受從一樓到三樓上下樓梯各20遍的懲罰。

      承諾人簽字:

      第三篇:公眾承諾的力量

      公眾承諾的力量

      我是普寧新世界中英文學(xué)校小學(xué)部的老師付曉亮,我非常榮幸的參加了思八達(dá)智慧系統(tǒng)工程第13期的培訓(xùn)學(xué)習(xí),此次學(xué)習(xí)讓我感觸最深,幫助最大的就是——“公眾承諾”。

      “公眾承諾”的意思是說當(dāng)你想去完成某一件事情的時(shí)候,害怕動(dòng)力不足無法堅(jiān)持下去,就把它說出來給身邊比較親密的人聽,并告訴他們自己一定能夠完成,當(dāng)然也包括讓他們來監(jiān)督自己。親朋好友無形的監(jiān)督力度是非常強(qiáng)大的,因?yàn)槟愕纳睢⒐ぷ鞫家獣r(shí)時(shí)刻刻面對(duì)他們,你會(huì)因?yàn)樽约和瓴怀苫蜃龅貌粔蚝枚哂谝娙?。正是這羞于見人的心理促使自己加倍去努力以實(shí)現(xiàn)當(dāng)初的公眾承諾。

      此次培訓(xùn)進(jìn)入最后一天時(shí),崔動(dòng)老師讓每位學(xué)員寫出了阻礙個(gè)人發(fā)展的阻力,我當(dāng)時(shí)寫到阻礙我發(fā)展的3個(gè)主要阻力:

      1、懶惰。

      2、得過且過。

      3、不敢承擔(dān)責(zé)任。然后我上臺(tái)和大家進(jìn)行了分享,并對(duì)大家做出了公眾承諾。我付曉亮鄭重承諾:在2011年12月8日前(即一個(gè)月)完成體重減重10斤的目標(biāo),若達(dá)成此目標(biāo),則獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)自己一個(gè)12寸的蛋糕來補(bǔ)過自己的生日,若達(dá)不成則拿出一個(gè)月的工資4200元請(qǐng)普寧團(tuán)隊(duì)的20名成員聚餐作為懲罰。

      可能我們從小就很少受到信譽(yù)的教育,更少用制度來約束你一定要兌現(xiàn)承諾從而成為一種習(xí)慣,所以大量的人總在為失信找理由,總在為沒有達(dá)成目標(biāo)找充足的借口??

      剛設(shè)立起一個(gè)目標(biāo),稍遇到一點(diǎn)困難就不能堅(jiān)持了,只要隨便找個(gè)理由就會(huì)輕易放棄??大量的人都是這樣的,因?yàn)槿艘艞壥呛苋菀椎模S便找個(gè)理由都可以不干。干任何事都有兩個(gè)面來檢驗(yàn)?zāi)愕闹腔郏骸笆菆?jiān)持?還是放棄?”

      我也在想自己能不能成功?我也知道達(dá)成巨大目標(biāo)的背后往往有一個(gè)巨大的痛苦??墒俏乙蚕嘈拍阋脒_(dá)成一件事情,你要想執(zhí)行完成一項(xiàng)工作,就必須付出,任何人想成事都需要不斷的自我引導(dǎo),否則就會(huì)半途而廢。要做到自我引導(dǎo)首先要不斷的在頭腦中顯現(xiàn)我要實(shí)現(xiàn)的目標(biāo)的畫面。第二要不斷的在頭腦中顯現(xiàn)我要實(shí)現(xiàn)的理由的畫面。

      第三要不斷的在頭腦中豐富加強(qiáng)實(shí)現(xiàn)此目標(biāo)理由的畫面。

      第四要下定決心,與實(shí)現(xiàn)此目標(biāo)無關(guān)的事斷絕來往。

      為什么我們不成功?就是因?yàn)槲覀冞€沒有下決心。為什么我們還不夠成功?

      就是因?yàn)槲覀冞€沒有下足夠的決心。因?yàn)闆]有令我們產(chǎn)生足夠快樂的興奮點(diǎn)及產(chǎn)生痛苦的壓力。要成功就必須具備“一定要”去做的動(dòng)力和決心——這就是達(dá)成目標(biāo)的法則。人真要達(dá)成目標(biāo),一定不要忘記人性有兩大最有力量的“興奮點(diǎn)”——“追求快樂!”——“逃避痛苦!”就是說人要完成一件事情,這兩大動(dòng)力興奮點(diǎn),一定要設(shè)計(jì)好:達(dá)成了會(huì)有很多快樂!失敗了會(huì)有很多痛苦??可別忘了“人永遠(yuǎn)在追求快樂,永遠(yuǎn)在逃避痛苦”。而人逃避痛苦的壓力與力量,要大于追求快樂的力量。所以我覺得我不應(yīng)該說:我要減重。而是要說:我一定要減重,一定要。

      對(duì)于我的減重計(jì)劃來說里面有勵(lì)志,勵(lì)志是讓人快樂——我做到什么,我將給自己什么獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)!勵(lì)志就是當(dāng)我完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)后——我將得到什么東西。里面也有“激勵(lì)”?激勵(lì)就是給我痛苦——我做不到什么,我將遭到什么懲罰!我自然不想拿出一個(gè)月的工資與大家分享,所以我一定要完成,這就是激勵(lì)的力量。而為這種力量又添加了重要的砝碼那就是——公眾承諾。

      所以當(dāng)自己要實(shí)現(xiàn)某一個(gè)目標(biāo)時(shí),最好把它當(dāng)作一個(gè)公眾承諾說給身邊的親朋好友聽,你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的潛能竟能輕而易舉地被挖掘出來。

      和大家分享一下我這減重10天的成果吧,我已經(jīng)減了11斤了??超額完成任務(wù)。

      耶!~~~~~~

      當(dāng)然這個(gè)減重的承諾只是一個(gè)引子,我們應(yīng)該把手里的工作,都制定好一個(gè)明確的目標(biāo),把它變成一個(gè)公眾承諾,讓大家來給我們力量吧!我相信我們都會(huì)成功的!

      第四篇:肯尼迪就職演說

      Inaugural Address(January 20,1961)By John F.Kennedy We observe today not a victory of party but a celebration of freedom, symbolizing an end as well as a beginning, signifying renewal as well as change.For I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed nearly a century and three-quarters ago.The world is very different now.For man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life.And yet the same revolutionary belief for which our forebears fought is still at issue around the globe, the belief that the rights of man come not from the generosity of the state but from the hand of God.We dare not forget today that we are the heirs of that first revolution.Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans, born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage, and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of these human rights to which this nation has always been committed, and to which we are committed today at home and around the world.Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty.This much we pledge—and more.To those old allies whose cultural and spiritual origins we share, we pledge the loyalty of faithful friends.United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures.Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder.To those new states whom we welcome to the ranks of the free, we pledge our word that one form of colonial control shall not have passed away merely to be replaced by a far more iron tyranny.We shall not always expect to find them supporting our view.But we shall always hope to find them strongly supporting their own freedom, and to remember that, in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.T o those peoples in the huts and villages of half the globe struggling to break the bonds of mass misery, we pledge our best efforts to help them help themselves, for whatever period is required, not because the Communists may be doing it, not because we seek their votes, but because it is right.If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich.To our sister republics south of our border, we offer a special pledge: to convert our good words into good deeds, in a new alliance for progress, to assist free men and free governments in casting off the chains of poverty.But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers.Let all our neighbors know that we shall join with them to oppose aggression or subversion anywhere in the Americas.And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house.To that world assembly of sovereign states, the United Nations, our last best hope in an age where the instruments of war have far outpaced the instruments of peace, we renew our pledge of support to prevent it from becoming merely a forum for invective, to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak, and to enlarge the area in which its writ may run.Finally, to those nations who would make themselves our adversary, we offer not a pledge but a request: that both sides begin anew the quest for peace, before the dark powers of destruction unleashed by science engulf all humanity in planned or accidental self-destruction.講評(píng)“肯尼迪總統(tǒng)就職演說詞” ■北京外國語大學(xué) 李品偉 選評(píng)

      美國總統(tǒng)就職演說詞獨(dú)具一格,而肯尼迪的講演更是其中一篇為人們注目的代表作,字字句句經(jīng)過刻意雕琢,有許多值得品味推敲之處。

      它講的是美國人為之驕傲的美國歷史傳統(tǒng),講的是美國的外交政策。

      半個(gè)世紀(jì)以前的國際形勢(shì)與今天大不相同:勢(shì)不兩立的兩大陣營、激烈的軍備競(jìng)賽、持續(xù)的冷戰(zhàn)局面。這些在文章中可見端倪。

      可是,在肯尼迪的全篇演說中,沒有直截了當(dāng)?shù)貙?duì)國際形勢(shì)進(jìn)行分析,更沒有一處提到一個(gè)國家的名字或具體事例,一切都隱晦、委婉、模糊不清,用的只是to friend and foe alike, to those nations who...等,沒有經(jīng)歷或不熟悉那一段時(shí)期歷史的人也許會(huì)摸不著頭腦。不奇怪,這些在一定程度上代表了西方政治家的風(fēng)格。

      21世紀(jì)的今天,全球化(globali-zation)成了全世界所關(guān)注的問題,也成了人們天天在重復(fù)的一個(gè)詞語,從形勢(shì)上與此篇講演的背景很有可比較之處,但這里我們主要是就此篇講演中如何沿襲古希臘、羅馬的修辭、文風(fēng),如何精心選用圣經(jīng)語言句式,講演稿如何注意音韻效果等問題分別舉例討論而已。因篇幅有限,只選用了前11段,未選全文。inaugural address 指就職演說詞。一般來說,演說詞在英語里是speech,用address這個(gè)詞是比較少的。如果要說兩者有什么差別的話,無非是風(fēng)格上及使用場(chǎng)合上的區(qū)別。前者是一個(gè)普通的詞,而address從風(fēng)格上來說更為莊重,指正式的致辭,除了總統(tǒng)演說詞之外,也用于學(xué)校畢業(yè)典禮上校長(zhǎng)的演說詞等。

      第一段第一個(gè)動(dòng)詞observe一般作“觀察”解,但這里“觀察”一看就說不通,說不通就可以試著通過上下文來推斷或查一下詞典。如果你的詞典里observe有三個(gè)釋義,那么你就要注意第二或第三個(gè)釋義了,你的推斷如果是“慶祝”,那就對(duì)了,此時(shí)它的英語等同語應(yīng)該是celebrate,其賓語可以是這篇文章中的victory,(a celebration of)freedom。其他常見的搭配還有什么呢?有節(jié)日(festivals),有生日(birthdays),有周年紀(jì)念(anniversaries)等。這幾個(gè)賓語中的birthday因?yàn)樘胀耍赡苡玫蒙傩?。用得多的?yīng)該是anniversaries,因?yàn)樗^之其他兩個(gè)更為莊重。

      從選詞風(fēng)格的角度來說,我們會(huì)注意到文章一開始有某些不太常用的詞,如:forebears, prescribes等,可以說forbears這個(gè)詞在中、小型詞典中往往是查不到的,你必須查較大的詞典。它的意思是祖先、祖宗,也就是我們一般熟悉的ancestor。兩者用法上有所不同,那就是ancestor的單數(shù)很常見,而forebear則總是以復(fù)數(shù)形式forebears出現(xiàn),從風(fēng)格上,更具古風(fēng)。Collins Co Build的Essential English Dictionary關(guān)于這個(gè)字的旁注是:N count(可數(shù)名詞)/ usu.plural(一般復(fù)數(shù))/ Formal(正式);而ancestor的旁注則沒有后面兩點(diǎn),由此可見兩者的細(xì)微差別。

      prescribe這個(gè)動(dòng)詞你不一定見得多,如見到,也多半是它的名詞形式prescription(處方)。prescription是常用詞,而動(dòng)詞prescribe則較常用于正式場(chǎng)合。關(guān)于這個(gè)動(dòng)詞同一詞典有這樣的第2條釋義:If someone prescribes an action or duty, they state formally that it must be carried out.它所指的動(dòng)作與開醫(yī)藥處方是兩回事,意思不是別的而是“命令”,必須執(zhí)行。

      第二段以一個(gè)短句開始,與第一段的長(zhǎng)句正好相反。唱歌讀詩有節(jié)奏,句子與句子、段與段的關(guān)聯(lián)也有節(jié)奏,如果一篇文章自始至終是緩慢而沉重的長(zhǎng)句,讀起來就沉重、缺乏起伏。所以第二段的一個(gè)短句不單起著承上啟下的作用,而且還有速度上適當(dāng)調(diào)節(jié)的作用,賦予了段落一種節(jié)奏感。

      另外在用詞方面,你會(huì)注意到這里又一次出現(xiàn)了forebears,而且還有一個(gè)在層次和風(fēng)格上可與之稱兄道弟的mortal hands與它做伴,在一般情況下我們見到的也許會(huì)是...holds in his hands the power to...,這里卻多了mortal這一個(gè)大家不一定熟悉的詞。mortal屬非常用詞,詞義可以是:不能不死的,不共戴天的,性命攸關(guān)的。在這里應(yīng)作“凡人的”,“人類的”解?;剡^頭來想一下:非要這個(gè)詞嗎?沒有它不行嗎?當(dāng)然是人的手,又會(huì)是誰的手呢?解答這個(gè)問題可以從兩方面來說,一是這是自古以來常用的搭配,無須刨根問底,二是在這里有了mortal這個(gè)詞,節(jié)奏鮮明,讀起來感覺更好些,...holds in his mortal hands首先有頭韻[h],接著有2uldz, m0:tl, h*ndz,其中包含的元音(包括一般作為短元音的*)都有一定長(zhǎng)度,它們所含濁輔音及旁流音構(gòu)成的輔音連綴結(jié)尾賦予句子濃厚的韻味效果。

      講演除了論點(diǎn)清楚,有說服力外,還要考慮如何在公眾場(chǎng)合中取得預(yù)期的最佳效果及如何調(diào)動(dòng)人們的情緒,此外還需要掌握很多的技巧。它是一種學(xué)問,這種學(xué)問西方政治家們都要鉆研,他們往往把它作為一個(gè)課程來學(xué)習(xí)。如果你看過西方政治家的傳記一定已經(jīng)注意到了這個(gè)問題。這實(shí)際上是一個(gè)始于希臘羅馬時(shí)期的西方傳統(tǒng)。對(duì)于“瘋狂英語”的倡導(dǎo)人李揚(yáng)人們多有評(píng)論,但有一點(diǎn)是應(yīng)該肯定的,那就是革“啞巴英語”的命,初學(xué)者應(yīng)如此,達(dá)到一定程度后,仍然應(yīng)該如此。講到這里,我們?cè)賮砟x一下本篇第4段,這里包含的幾組頭韻與尾韻,使句子富有一種鮮明的節(jié)奏感、音樂感,如:pay any price, bear any burden, wishes us well or ill, oppose any foe(第4段)這類現(xiàn)象你可以在文章中找到很多,多朗讀一遍就會(huì)多發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè),在此不一一舉例。當(dāng)然除了頭韻、尾韻還有許多其他隱而不現(xiàn)的手段。以下我們抽出幾個(gè)以let開頭的句子作簡(jiǎn)略的討論。所選的句子是:

      Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch...to which we are committed today at home and around the world.(第3段)Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill,...the success of liberty.(第4段)在這樣一個(gè)嚴(yán)肅的講演中,也許有人會(huì)對(duì)出現(xiàn)let somebody do something這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)感到不可思議,因?yàn)樗麄円詾閘et somebody do something只是一個(gè)口語中的表達(dá)法,如Let me do it.Let's sing the song together.但他們不一定能意識(shí)到所提到的let結(jié)構(gòu)有時(shí)表達(dá)的意思、語氣正好與口語中的截然相反,它們含有的是一種號(hào)召、命令的口吻。上面所選的兩個(gè)句子譯成漢語當(dāng)然可以是:讓每個(gè)國家都知道,??; 從現(xiàn)在起,從這個(gè)地方開始,讓這個(gè)信息傳遞到我們的朋友,也傳遞到我們的敵人那里??。再考慮一下,這樣的口氣是否太婉轉(zhuǎn)了一些而與文章的格調(diào)不相稱呢?

      為解答這一問題,我們不妨一起看一下當(dāng)代美國慣用法詞典A Dictionary of Contemporary American Usage(Evans)的有關(guān)講解:let is also used to form a peculiar imperative(祈使句)that includes the speaker along with the person addressed, as in Let us be true to each other.這個(gè)句子有一種號(hào)召的口吻,us也指我們以外的某人或某些人。請(qǐng)?jiān)倏础妒ソ?jīng)》中“創(chuàng)世紀(jì)”第1章3,4,15段: 3.And God said, let there be light;and there was light.(上帝說要有光,就有了光。)4.And God saw the light, that it was good;and God divided the light from the darkness.(上帝看光是好的,就把明暗分開了。)

      15.And let there be lights in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth and it was so.(上帝說,天上要有光體,并要發(fā)光在天空、普照在大地上,事就這樣成了。)

      最后,你一定也已經(jīng)注意到此文中有不少運(yùn)用了排比與對(duì)偶手段的句子。

      如第6段中的United, there is little we cannot...Divided, there is little we can do,...第8段中的...not because the Communists may be doing it, not because we seek their votes,but because it is right.及第3段中的 Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans, born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage, and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of these human rights to which this nation has always been committed, and to which we are committed today at home and around the world.這里that賓語從句內(nèi)所含的修飾語中有連續(xù)出現(xiàn)的過去分詞短語:born in..., tempered by..., disciplined by..., 也有連續(xù)出現(xiàn)的以形容詞開始的短語proud of..., unwilling to...,也有to which this nation..., and to which we are committed today at home and around the world這樣的定語從句。

      第4段中...that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe...也是類似情況的排比。

      當(dāng)然這些排比有時(shí)鏗鏘有力,但不當(dāng)則會(huì)顯得累贅、不自然,所以一定要注意恰當(dāng)運(yùn)用這種修辭手段。

      →如果您認(rèn)為本詞條還有待完善,請(qǐng) 編輯詞條 詞條內(nèi)容僅供參考,如果您需要解決具體問題

      第五篇:肯尼迪就職演說

      肯尼迪就職演說

      FRIDAY, JANUARY 20, 196

      1Vice President Johnson, Mr.Speaker, Mr.Chief Justice, President Eisenhower, Vice President Nixon, President Truman, reverend clergy, fellow citizens, we observe today not a victory of party, but a celebration of freedom--symbolizing an end, as well as a beginning--signifying renewal, as well as change.For I have sworn I before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears l prescribed nearly a century and three quarters ago.the world is very different now.For man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life.And yet the same revolutionary beliefs for which our forebears fought are still at issue around the globe--the belief that the rights of man come not from the generosity of the state, but from the hand of God.We dare not forget today that we are the heirs of that first revolution.Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans--born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage--and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of those human rights to which this Nation has always been committed, and to which we are committed today at home and around the world.Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, in order to assure the survival and the success of liberty.This much we pledge--and more.To those old allies whose cultural and spiritual origins we share, we pledge the loyalty of faithful friends.United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures.Divided, there is little we can do--for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder.To those new States whom we welcome to the ranks of the free, we pledge our word that one form of colonial control shall not have passed away merely to be replaced by a far more iron tyranny.We shall not always expect to find them supporting our view.But we shall always hope to find them strongly supporting their own freedom--and to remember that, in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.To those peoples in the huts and villages across the globe struggling to break the bonds of mass misery, we pledge our best efforts to help them help themselves, for whatever period is required--not because the Communists may be doing it, not because we seek their votes, but because it is right.If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich.To our sister republics south of our border, we offer a special pledge--to convert our good words into good deeds--in a new alliance for proGREss--to assist free men and free governments in casting off the chains of poverty.But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers.Let all our neighbors know that we shall join with them to oppose aggression or subversion anywhere in the Americas.And let every other power know that this Hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house.To that world assembly of sovereign states, the United Nations, our last best hope in an age where the instruments of war have far outpaced the instruments of peace, we renew our pledge of support--to prevent it from becoming merely a forum for invective--to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak--and to enlarge the area in which its writ may run.Finally, to those nations who would make themselves our adversary, we offer not a pledge but a request: that both sides begin anew the quest for peace, before the dark powers of destruction unleashed by science engulf all humanity in planned or accidental self-destruction.We dare not tempt them with weakness.For only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed.But neither can two GREat and powerful groups of nations take comfort from our present course--both sides overburdened by the cost of modern weapons, both rightly alarmed by the steady spread of the deadly atom, yet both racing to alter that uncertain balance of terror that stays the hand of mankind's final war.So let us begin anew--remembering on both sides that civility is not a sign of weakness, and sincerity is always subject to proof.Let us never negotiate out of fear.But let us never fear to negotiate.Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us.Let both sides, for the first time, formulate serious and precise proposals for the inspection and control of arms--and bring the absolute power to destroy other nations under the absolute control of all nations.Let both sides seek to invoke the wonders of science instead of its terrors.Together let us explore the stars, conquer the deserts, eradicate disease, tap the ocean depths, and encourage the arts and commerce.Let both sides unite to heed in all corners of the earth the command of Isaiah--to “undo the heavy burdens...and to let the oppressed go free.”

      And if a beachhead of cooperation may push back the jungle of suspicion, let both sides join in creating a new endeavor, not a new balance of power, but a new world of law, where the strong

      are just and the weak secure and the peace preserved.All this will not be finished in the first 100 days.Nor will it be finished in the first 1,000 days, nor in the life of this Administration, nor even perhaps in our lifetime on this planet.But let us begin.In your hands, my fellow citizens, more than in mine, will rest the final success or failure of our course.Since this country was founded, each generation of Americans has been summoned to give testimony to its national loyalty.The graves of young Americans who answered the call to service surround the globe.Now the trumpet summons us again--not as a call to bear arms, though arms we need;not as a call to battle, though embattled we are--but a call to bear the burden of a long twilight struggle, year in and year out, “rejoicing in hope, patient in tribulation”--a struggle against the common enemies of man: tyranny, poverty, disease, and war itself.Can we forge against these enemies a grand and global alliance, North and South, East and West, that can assure a more fruitful life for all mankind? Will you join in that historic effort?

      In the long history of the world, only a few generations have been granted the role of defending freedom in its hour of maximum danger.I do not shank from this responsibility--I welcome it.I do not believe that any of us would exchange places with any other people or any other generation.The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it--and the glow from that fire can truly light the world.And so, my fellow Americans: ask not what your country can do for you--ask what you can do for your country.My fellow citizens of the world: ask not what America will do for you, but what together we can do for the freedom of man.Finally, whether you are citizens of America or citizens of the world, ask of us the same high standards of strength and sacrifice which we ask of you.With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds, let us go forth to lead the land we love, asking His blessing and His help, but knowing that here on earth God's work must truly be our own.中文譯文:

      我們今天慶祝的并不是一次政黨的勝利,而是一次自由的慶典;它象征著結(jié)束,也象征著開始;意味著更新,也意味著變革。因?yàn)槲乙言谀銈兒腿艿纳系勖媲?,作了跟我們祖先將近一又四分之三世紀(jì)以前所擬定的相同的莊嚴(yán)誓言。

      現(xiàn)今世界已經(jīng)很不同了,因?yàn)槿嗽谧约貉庵|的手中握有足以消滅一切形式的人類貧困和一切形式的人類生命的力量??墒俏覀冏嫦葕^斗不息所維護(hù)的革命信念,在世界各地仍處于爭(zhēng)論之中。那信念就是注

      定人權(quán)并非來自政府的慷慨施與,而是上帝所賜。

      我們今天不敢忘記我們是那第一次革命的繼承人,讓我從此時(shí)此地告訴我們的朋友,并且也告訴我們的敵人,這支火炬已傳交新一代的美國人,他們出生在本世紀(jì),經(jīng)歷過戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的鍛煉,受過嚴(yán)酷而艱苦的和平的熏陶,以我們的古代傳統(tǒng)自豪,而且不愿目睹或容許人權(quán)逐步被褫奪。對(duì)于這些人權(quán)我國一向堅(jiān)貞不移,當(dāng)前在國內(nèi)和全世界我們也是對(duì)此力加維護(hù)的。

      讓每一個(gè)國家知道,不管它盼我們好或盼我們壞,我們將付出任何代價(jià),忍受任何重負(fù),應(yīng)付任何艱辛,支持任何朋友,反對(duì)任何敵人,以確保自由的存在與實(shí)現(xiàn)。

      這是我們矢志不移的事--而且還不止此。

      對(duì)于那些和我們擁有共同文化和精神傳統(tǒng)的老盟邦,我們保證以摯友之誠相待。只要團(tuán)結(jié),則在許多合作事業(yè)中幾乎沒有什么是辦不到的。倘若分裂,我們則無可作為,因?yàn)槲覀冊(cè)谝庖姺制纭⒏餍衅涫堑那闆r下,是不敢應(yīng)付強(qiáng)大挑戰(zhàn)的。

      對(duì)于那些我們歡迎其參與自由國家行列的新國家,我們要提出保證,絕不讓一種形成的殖民統(tǒng)治消失后,卻代之以另一種遠(yuǎn)為殘酷的暴政。我們不能老是期望他們會(huì)支持我們的觀點(diǎn),但我們卻一直希望他們能堅(jiān)決維護(hù)他們自身的自由,并應(yīng)記取,在過去,那些愚蠢得要騎在虎背上以壯聲勢(shì)的人,結(jié)果卻被虎所吞噬。

      對(duì)于那些住在布滿半個(gè)地球的茅舍和鄉(xiāng)村中、力求打破普遍貧困的桎梏的人們,我們保證盡最大努力助其自救,不管需要多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。這并非因?yàn)楣伯a(chǎn)黨會(huì)那樣做,也不是由于我們要求他們的選票,而是由于那樣做是正確的。自由社會(huì)若不能幫助眾多的窮人,也就不能保全那少數(shù)的富人。

      對(duì)于我國邊界以內(nèi)的各姐妹共和國,我們提出一項(xiàng)特殊的保證:要把我們的美好諾言化作善行,在爭(zhēng)取進(jìn)步的新聯(lián)盟中援助自由人和自由政府來擺脫貧困的枷鎖。但這種為實(shí)現(xiàn)本身愿望而進(jìn)行的和平革命不應(yīng)成為不懷好意的國家的俎上肉。讓我們所有的鄰邦都知道,我們將與他們聯(lián)合抵御對(duì)美洲任何地區(qū)的侵略或顛覆。讓其它國家都知道,西半球的事西半球自己會(huì)管。

      至于聯(lián)合國這個(gè)各主權(quán)國家的世界性議會(huì),在今天這個(gè)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)工具的發(fā)展速度超過和平工具的時(shí)代中,它是我們最后的、最美好的希望。我們?cè)钢厣晡覀兊闹С种Z言;不讓它變成僅供謾罵的講壇,加強(qiáng)其對(duì)于新國弱國的保護(hù),并擴(kuò)大其權(quán)力所能運(yùn)用的領(lǐng)域。

      最后,對(duì)于那些與我們?yōu)閿车膰?,我們所要提供的不是保證,而是要求:雙方重新著手尋求和平,不要等到科學(xué)所釋出的危險(xiǎn)破壞力量在有意或無意中使全人類淪于自我毀滅。

      我們不敢以示弱去誘惑他們。因?yàn)橹挥挟?dāng)我們的武力無可置疑地壯大時(shí),我們才能毫無疑問地確信永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)使用武力。

      可是這兩個(gè)強(qiáng)有力的國家集團(tuán),誰也不能對(duì)當(dāng)前的趨勢(shì)放心--雙方都因現(xiàn)代武器的代價(jià)而感到不勝負(fù)擔(dān),雙方都對(duì)于致命的原子力量不斷發(fā)展而產(chǎn)生應(yīng)有的驚駭,可是雙方都在競(jìng)謀改變那不穩(wěn)定的恐怖均衡,而此種均衡卻可以暫時(shí)阻止人類最后從事戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。

      因此讓我們重新開始,雙方都應(yīng)記住,謙恭并非懦弱的征象,而誠意則永遠(yuǎn)須要驗(yàn)證。讓我們永不因畏

      懼而談判。但讓我們永不要畏懼談判。

      讓雙方探究能使我們團(tuán)結(jié)在一起的是什么問題,而不要虛耗心力于使我們分裂的問題。

      讓雙方首次制訂有關(guān)視察和管制武器的真誠而確切的建議,并且把那足以毀滅其它國家的漫無限制的力量置于所有國家的絕對(duì)管制之下。

      讓雙方都謀求激發(fā)科學(xué)的神奇力量而不是科學(xué)的恐怖因素。讓我們聯(lián)合起來去探索星球,治理沙漠,消除疾病,開發(fā)海洋深處,并鼓勵(lì)藝術(shù)和商務(wù)。

      讓雙方攜手在世界各個(gè)角落遵循以賽亞的命令,去“卸下沉重的負(fù)擔(dān)??(并)讓被壓迫者得自由。”

      如果建立合作的灘頭堡能夠遏制重重猜疑,那么,讓雙方聯(lián)合作一次新的努力吧,這不是追求新的權(quán)力均衡,而是建立一個(gè)新的法治世界,在那世界上強(qiáng)者公正,弱者安全,和平在握。

      凡此種種不會(huì)在最初的一百天中完成,不會(huì)在最初的一千天中完成,不會(huì)在本政府任期中完成,甚或也不能在我們活在地球上的畢生期間完成。但讓我們開始。

      同胞們,我們事業(yè)的最后成效,主要不是掌握在我手里,而是操在你們手中。自從我國建立以來,每一代的美國人都曾應(yīng)召以驗(yàn)證其對(duì)國家的忠誠。響應(yīng)此項(xiàng)召喚而服軍役的美國青年人的墳?zāi)贡椴既蚋魈帯?/p>

      現(xiàn)在那號(hào)角又再度召喚我們--不是號(hào)召我們肩起武器,雖然武器是我們所需要的;不是號(hào)召我們?nèi)プ鲬?zhàn),雖然我們準(zhǔn)備應(yīng)戰(zhàn);那是號(hào)召我們年復(fù)一年肩負(fù)起持久和勝敗未分的斗爭(zhēng),“在希望中歡樂,在患難中忍耐”;這是一場(chǎng)對(duì)抗人類公敵--暴政、貧困、疾病以及戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)本身--的斗爭(zhēng)。

      我們能否結(jié)成一個(gè)遍及東西南北的全球性偉大聯(lián)盟來對(duì)付這些敵人,來確保全人類享有更為富裕的生活?你們是否愿意參與這歷史性的努力?

      在世界的悠久歷史中,只有很少幾個(gè)世代的人賦有這種在自由遭遇最大危機(jī)時(shí)保衛(wèi)自由的任務(wù)。我決不在這責(zé)任之前退縮;我歡迎它。我不相信我們中間會(huì)有人愿意跟別人及別的世代交換地位。我們?cè)谶@場(chǎng)努力中所獻(xiàn)出的精力、信念與虔誠、將照亮我們的國家以及所有為國家服務(wù)的人,而從這一火焰所聚出的光輝必能照明全世界。

      所以,同胞們:不要問你們的國家能為你們做些什么,而要問你們能為國家做些什么。

      全世界的公民:不要問美國愿為你們做些什么,而應(yīng)問我們?cè)谝黄鹉転槿祟惖淖杂勺鲂┦裁础?/p>

      最后,不管你是美國的公民或世界它國的公民,請(qǐng)將我們所要求于你們的有關(guān)力量與犧牲的高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)拿來要求我們。我們唯一可靠的報(bào)酬是問心無愧,我們行為的最后裁判者是歷史,讓我們向前引導(dǎo)我們所摯愛的國土,企求上帝的保佑與扶攜,但我們知道,在這個(gè)世界上,上帝的任務(wù)肯定就是我們自己所應(yīng)肩負(fù)的任務(wù)。

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