第一篇：中考英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)題 主謂一致和倒裝

主謂一致和倒裝

Quiz :改錯(cuò) 句中，從句謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于one前是否有the（only）、1.Both paper and ink is used up.the very。如果有，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，如沒(méi)有the only

2.Eating too much are bad for your health.就用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

3.This pair of shoes are my brother's.He was one of the students who were late for school.4.Each of the boys have a dictionary.He was the only one of the students who was late for school.5 Every one of the students in Class Two have two books.6.I think maths are very difficult to learn.★3.each, either, neither, another, the other 和由some, any,7.A large number of students has gone to work in Xingjiang.no, every + thing/ one/ body構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞作主語(yǔ)

8.The mother with two children often go to the town.時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

9.Bread and butter are her daily breakfast.e.g.There is something wrong with my computer.10.Nobody know the answer to the question.Everyone is ready for the big dinner.I have two sisters.One is a doctor, the other is a nurse.主謂一致是指主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在‘人稱(chēng)’和‘?dāng)?shù)’方面的一致關(guān)系?！糇ⅲ篹ach作同位語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍與主語(yǔ)一致。主謂一致遵循以下四種原則：語(yǔ)法一致原則、意義一致原They each have a book.則、就近一致原則和就遠(yuǎn)一致原則。★4.不定式/動(dòng)名詞（短語(yǔ)）作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。

e.g.Doing morning exercises is good for your health.一、語(yǔ)法一致原則（主單→謂單；主復(fù)→謂復(fù)）

★1． 由and或both……and連接的并列成分作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，To teach is to learn.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如果多個(gè)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞連在一起表達(dá)同一概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用e.g.Both milk and coffee are on sale in Walmart 單數(shù)形式；如果表達(dá)不同概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。supermarket.e.g.To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit.Zhang Jie and Xie Na are a couple.To work and to live are two different things but they are ◆但是，⑴and連接的并列主語(yǔ)如果指的是同一人、同一

事物或同一概念(and 后無(wú)冠詞)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。always together.e.g.The teacher and writer has come.Bread and butter is the breakfast of the western people.★5.all/most/ part /some/none/half/plenty/a lot/lots/the rest/and所連接的表示同一概念的短語(yǔ)有：a horse and cart 馬分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+ n.等短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)車(chē), a knife and fork 刀叉, bread and butter 涂有黃油的取決于of后面的名詞的數(shù)。此名詞可數(shù)，則謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)；面包 此名詞不可數(shù)，則謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。⑵由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語(yǔ)之前如果分別由each, All of the work has been finished.every, no修飾時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。All of the people have gone.e.g.In our country every boy and every girl has the right to Fifty percent of the apples were bad.receive education.Fifty percent of the water was polluted.Part of the work has been done by us.★2.用one, every one, each one, any one, each, either, Let’s eat the food first.The rest is going to be given to them.neither 等+ of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞/人稱(chēng)代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單

★6.成雙成套的詞如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, 數(shù)。，socks等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。e.g.Neither of his parents is a doctor.They are both teachers.scissors◆注：如果這類(lèi)名詞前用了a pair /two pairs等修飾，則謂Every one of the students is studying hard.語(yǔ)與pair的單復(fù)數(shù)一致?！糇ⅲ?1)“both of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞/人稱(chēng)代詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用The shoes in the shop are beautiful.A pair of shoes was sold out this morning.復(fù)數(shù)。Both of them are students.(2)none作主語(yǔ)時(shí)如果指人或可數(shù)的物，表數(shù)目，謂語(yǔ)★7． 由“a/this kind of, many kinds of”或‘n.+ of this 動(dòng)詞用單復(fù)數(shù)形式皆可；如果指不可數(shù)名詞，表量，謂kind’，以及由與kind 意義相似的type, sort 等詞構(gòu)成的語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。類(lèi)似短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)與of前的名詞保持一致。e.g.None of the students have made mistakes this time.A kind of birds has been discovered by them.Machines of this kind are very useful.None of us is/are interested in your new subject.(3)在定語(yǔ)從句中主語(yǔ)是關(guān)系代詞who , that , which , 謂語(yǔ)★8.a number of后面加復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與先行詞的數(shù)一致。式；但the number of后面加復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)用但在“one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+ who/that/which”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從單數(shù)。

The number of the students in our school is over 20 thousand.A number of students are coming to our school to learn English.★9.倒裝句中謂語(yǔ)單復(fù)數(shù)要看其后面的主語(yǔ)。There comes the bus.Between the two buildings is a supermarket.二、意義一致原則（主語(yǔ)表單數(shù)概念→謂語(yǔ)單數(shù)；主語(yǔ)表復(fù)數(shù)概念→謂語(yǔ)復(fù)數(shù)）★1.主語(yǔ)表事物的總稱(chēng)，若指有生命的集合體，如people, police, staff，cattle, crew等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。The police are looking for the missing boy.主語(yǔ)表事物的總稱(chēng)，若指無(wú)生命的集合體，如traffic, clothing, fruit, equipment等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)。

★2.復(fù)數(shù)形式、單數(shù)意義的名詞作主語(yǔ)

(1)有些詞形似復(fù)數(shù)，實(shí)為單數(shù)，其作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù).常見(jiàn)的有：抽象名詞news，學(xué)科名詞maths，physics，politics，報(bào)紙、雜志名The New York Times,專(zhuān)有名詞James, the United States等

The United States was founded in 1776.Physics is my favorite subject.The New York Times sells well all over the United States.◆但clothes, goods(貨物), works(著作)，the Olympics等詞或短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。

The Olympics are held every four years.His works are translated into so many languages that you can find it in many bookshops easily.(2)表時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格、度量衡等的名詞或短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)將它們看作一整體，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。Ten years is a long time.Five million dollars is a lot of money.★3.“the +形容詞”表一類(lèi)人（如the poor，the rich，the young，the old，the dead，the sick，the brave 等）作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)；The rich are not always happy.若“the +形容詞”表一種抽象概念或品質(zhì)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。The beautiful gives pleasure to all of us.★4.“the +姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)”（表一家人）作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。

The Greens are watching TV.★5.集體名詞family, class, team, group ,government, audience, crowd, company等若表整體概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)；若表每一個(gè)成員時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。

Her family is a large one.Now the whole family are having dinner in the dinning room ◆注：population表“人口”時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)；若population受分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)修飾表“居民”時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。The population of China is about 1.4 billion.Two thirds of the population in China are farmers.★6.疑問(wèn)代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)也有兩種情況：主語(yǔ)表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)；主語(yǔ)表示單數(shù)意義，則謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。

Who is your brother?Who are League members?

★7.what 從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，表示單數(shù)意義，則謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)；表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。

What we need is more time.What they need are books.★8.many a ＋單數(shù)名詞(許多??)； more than one ＋單數(shù)名詞(不止一??)作主語(yǔ)，盡管意思是復(fù)數(shù)，但謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞還是用單數(shù)。Many a ship has been damaged in the storm.◆注： “more than +基數(shù)詞＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)或“more ＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞＋ than one做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。

More than twenty students are playing football on the playground.More members than one are against your plan.★9.算式中的主謂一致

（1）兩數(shù)相加、相乘：此時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)也可用復(fù)數(shù)。E.g.Fifteen and five is/are twenty.Five times six is / are thirty.(2)兩數(shù)相減、相除；此時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù) e.g.Fifteen minus five is/ leaves ten.Fifteen divided by five is / makes three.三、就近一致原則（謂語(yǔ)與離它最近的主語(yǔ)保持一致）由連詞not…but…, or, either…or, neither…nor,not only…but also,等連接的并列主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)采用就近一致原則，與最靠近它的主語(yǔ)一致。There be句型、以here be開(kāi)頭的句子謂語(yǔ)也采用就近一致原則。Not you but he is to blame.Not only students but also their teacher is against the plan.Neither you nor I am a student.There is an apple and three oranges on the table.There are three oranges and an apple on the table.四、就遠(yuǎn)一致原則 主語(yǔ)后面跟有with，together with，along with，as well as，but ,except, besides, like，including, rather than, in addition to等引導(dǎo)的介詞短語(yǔ)+其它名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前面的主語(yǔ)一致。

The women with two children is my aunt.Everyone here, including children and old people, is for the plan.Mary, along with her boyfriend, goes climbing every Sunday.?？键c(diǎn)

1.用one, every one, each one, any one, each, either,neither 等+ of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞/人稱(chēng)代詞作主語(yǔ)

2.由連詞not…but…, or, either…or, neither…nor,not

only…but also,等連接的并列主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)采用就近一致原則。

3.all/most/ part /some/none/half/plenty/a lot/lots/ the rest/

分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+ n.等短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)。

4.主語(yǔ)后面跟有with，together with，along with，as

well as，but, like，including等引導(dǎo)的介詞短語(yǔ)+其它名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前面的主語(yǔ)一致。

5.people, police, staff，cattle, crew等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)

詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。

6.集體名詞family, class, team, group ,government,audience, crowd, company等表整體/成員時(shí)。

7.成雙成套的詞如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks,scissors，socks等作主語(yǔ)。

8.a number of和 the number of后面加復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞

作主語(yǔ)。

9.由“a/this kind of, many kinds of”或‘n.+ of this kind’

短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)與of前的名詞保持一致。

10.表時(shí)間、金錢(qián)、距離、價(jià)格、度量衡等的名詞或短語(yǔ)

作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，看作一整體，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。11.“the +形容詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。12.and連接的并列主語(yǔ)指同一概念

C．has been2．Look!There ___ playing with the tourists on Yinhe Square.B．a(chǎn)re a number of deers C．is a number of deerD．is a number of deers 3．Both Lily and Lucy ________ to the party yesterday.A．invitedB．was invited C．had invited4．Eachofthestudents______ adictionary.A.haveB.isC.are

5．How time flies!Ten years ________ passed.A.haveC.isD.are

6．Not only his parents but also his brother ________to the Summer Palace.They haven’t been back.A.have beenB.have goneC.has been7．Look!There _______ playing with the tourists on Dahe Square.B.are a number of deersC.is a number of deerD.is a number of deers 8．The Smiths ______ sending e-mails _______ letters, because it is faster．

B．prefer，to write C．prefers，to writingD．prefers，to write 9．Everyone except Bill and Jim ______there when the meeting began.B.isC.areD.were

10．Either Jane or Steven _____ watching TV now． A．wereC．a(chǎn)reD.was 11．Since 2000, Nanchang has become a new city.Everything ______.A.are changedB.was changedD.had changed

12.The Olympic Games _______ held every______ years.A.is，fourC.is，fiveD.are，five 13.Look, there come some _______.A.dogB.horseD.cow

14.The injured in the tsunami _____ good care of by some medical teams.解題誤區(qū)：

一、誤認(rèn)主語(yǔ) 1.倒裝句

(誤填are)

2.主語(yǔ)后帶介詞for health.(誤填are)

3.“one of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語(yǔ)。4.定語(yǔ)從句中

(誤填was)

(誤填were)

二、被主語(yǔ)表象迷惑

1.看似復(fù)數(shù)實(shí)為單數(shù)physics, maths, news.2.看似單數(shù)實(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)police, staff, cattle 3.單復(fù)同形Are there any sheep on the farm.4.集合名詞作主語(yǔ) class, team, family

三、主語(yǔ)想當(dāng)然

1.表時(shí)間、金錢(qián)、距離、價(jià)格等的名詞或短語(yǔ)作主

語(yǔ)

Two days is a minute for him when he is with his girlfriend.(誤填are)

2.就近一致和就遠(yuǎn)一致中的主語(yǔ)確定

練習(xí)

1．Not only his parents but also his brother ________ to the Summer Palace.They haven’t been back.A．have beenB．have gone

A.is takenA.are;areB.is;isD.are;isC.are takingD.is being taken 30.My shirt _____ white and my trousers _____ blue.15.It is not J.K.Rowling but her works that _____ us A.are;areB.are;isC.is;isexcited.31.------Two months _______ quite a long time.A.makesD.are made------Yes.I’m afraid that he will miss a lot of lessons.16.On the closet _____ a pair of trousers his parents boughtB.areC.wasD.were for his birthday.32.He is one of the boys who _____ here on time.He is the A.lyingC.lieD.is laid only one of the boys who _____ here on time.17.Each man and each woman _____ asked to help when theA.has come;have comefire broke out.C.has come;has comeD.have come;have comeA.isC.areD.were 33.Either you or he _____ interested in playing chess._____ 18.About 60 percent of the students _____ from the south;you or he fond of music at present?

the rest of them _____ from thenorth and foreign countries.C.are;IsD.is;IsA.are;isB.is;isC.is;are34.Many a professor _____ looking forward to visiting 19.They said the eighteenth and last lesson _____ quite easy.Germany now.Many scientists _____ studied animals andA.isC.areD.were plants in the last two years.20.---When are you going to Kunming for your holidays?B.is;hasC.are;haveD.is;are---I haven’t decided.___ this Sunday ___ next Sunday is OK.35.A knife and a fork _____ on the table.A knife and fork A.Both;and_____ on the table.C.Neither;ofD.Not only;but alsoA.is;isB.are;areD.is;are21.The paper for books and new papers ___ made of wood.36.Her family _____ much larger than mine four years ago.A.areC.hasD.have Her family _____ dancing and singing when I came in last 22.Not only my brother but also I______ good at painting.night.Both of us ______good painters.A.are...areC.is...isD.are...is 37.The box of rubbers ____ white.23._______ of them has his own opinion.B．a(chǎn)reC．beD．were A.BothB.SomeC.Every38.The writer and teacher ____ coming now.24.Are there any _______ in the zoo?B．a(chǎn)reC．hasD．haveA.horseB.duckC.chicken39.The old man has two children but _____ of them lives 25.One-third of the area _____ covered with green trees.with him.About seventy percent of the trees _____ been planted.A.bothB.noneD.all

A.are;haveB.is;hasD.are;has40.How and why Jack came to China _____unknown.When

and where to build the new library _____ not been decided.26.The number of teachers in our college _____ greatly

D.are;have

increased last term.A number of teachers in this school _____ from the countryside.D.were;is27.What _____ the population of China? One-third of the population _____ workers here.B.are;areC.is;isD.are;is28.Not only he but also we _____ right.He as well as we _____ right.A.are;areC.is;isD.is;are 29.What he’d like _____ a digital watch.What she’d like _____ textbooks.

第二篇：主謂一致和復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)謂語(yǔ)單復(fù)數(shù)

主謂一致：在英語(yǔ)句中，謂語(yǔ)受主語(yǔ)動(dòng)支配，必須同主語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上保持一致。＊名詞＋as well as/no less than/but/except/with/like +其他名詞，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)與前面的第一個(gè)名詞一致.＊few/a few/both/many/several+名詞復(fù)數(shù)／of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)＋復(fù)數(shù)

＊不定代詞／疑問(wèn)代詞(something/anything/anywhere/somewhere/where/when)＋單數(shù)

語(yǔ)法一致原則：句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)取決于該句子主語(yǔ)的數(shù)。

1。“the＋姓氏名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式”(---的成員)＋復(fù)數(shù)

2。all/some/half/enough/two thirds ＋名詞（單／復(fù)數(shù)）＋單／復(fù)數(shù)

3.復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞：clothes/trousers/shorts(短褲）/glasses/scissors/gloves/chopsticks等＋復(fù)數(shù)

＊

計(jì)量單位（pair)＋ 復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞＋謂語(yǔ)取決于 計(jì)量單位

意義一致原則：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式，取決于主語(yǔ)所表達(dá)的概念。

1.集體名詞：people/public(公共)/police/crew(船員）＋復(fù)數(shù)

2。復(fù)數(shù)形式，單數(shù)意義。（news/physics/maths/politics)

3.集合名詞：class/family/team/Chinese/Japanese強(qiáng)調(diào)總體－－單數(shù)；強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體－－復(fù)數(shù)。The class has 45 students.The class are planting trees on the hill.4.時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格、重量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞／算式＋單數(shù)

Ten days is a long time.5.the +形容詞“表一類(lèi)人”＋復(fù)數(shù);

The rich have much money.6.and/both---and + 復(fù)數(shù)

7。one of/each of/none of/either of/neither of ＋名詞＋單數(shù)

8.a number(許多)+n +復(fù)數(shù)；the number(---的數(shù)量)+n +單數(shù)

9。名詞＋and＋名詞“表同一人／物用單數(shù)”“表不同人／物用復(fù)數(shù)”

The writer and the speaker are from the USA.The writer and speaker is from the USA.就近一致原則：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與它緊鄰的名詞／代詞的數(shù)保持一致。

1.or/not---but/either---or---/neither---nor---/not only---but also---＋就近原則

2.There be＋并列主語(yǔ)

（一）主謂一致的種類(lèi)

1．語(yǔ)法形式上的一致

主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：

The number of the students present is 200.Jane and Mary look alike.2．意義上一致

1）主語(yǔ)形式雖為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：The crowd were shouting.單數(shù)形式代表復(fù)數(shù)內(nèi)容的詞有：people, police, cattle等。

2）主語(yǔ)形式為復(fù)數(shù)，而意義上卻是單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：The news was so surprising.形復(fù)意單的單詞有news和一些以ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱(chēng)，如physics，politics, economics等。

3．就近原則

即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語(yǔ)。如用連詞or，either…or, neither…not, not only…but also等連接的并列主語(yǔ)，如果一個(gè)是單數(shù)，一個(gè)是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與靠近它的主語(yǔ)一致。如：

Either your students or Mr.Wang knows this.（二）主謂一致的應(yīng)用

1．名詞作主語(yǔ)

1）某些集體名詞，如family, team等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果作為一個(gè)整體看待，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，如果就其中一個(gè)個(gè)成員而言，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：

His family is a happy one.The whole family are watching TV.這類(lèi)名詞有：audience，class，club，company，crew，enemy，crowd，government，group，party，public，team等。

名詞population一詞的使用情況類(lèi)似。“a group(crowd)of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”等短語(yǔ)之后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也同樣可用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)，前者強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，后者強(qiáng)調(diào)各個(gè)部分。

2）某些集體名詞，如people, police, cattle等，只當(dāng)復(fù)數(shù)看待，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)。如：

The police are searching for the thief.3）單、復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)根據(jù)意義決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。如：

A sheep is over there.Some sheep are over there.4）名詞所有格之后的名詞被省略，這種情況一般只指商店、工廠、住宅等，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。如：

The doctor’s is across the street.My uncle’s is not far from here.常見(jiàn)的省略名詞有：the baker’s, the barber’s, the carpenter’s, the Zhang’s等。

表示店鋪的名詞，一般作集體名詞看待，但用作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞往往用復(fù)數(shù)。如：

Richardson’s have a lot of goods to sell.5）當(dāng)名詞詞組中心詞為表示度量、距離、金額、時(shí)間、書(shū)名等復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，往往可以根據(jù)意義一致的原則，把這些復(fù)數(shù)名詞看作一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。如：

Three years has passed since then.6）不定代詞each, every, no所修飾的名詞即使以and或逗號(hào)連接成多主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式。如：

Each boy and each girl wants to go to the cinema.7）如果主語(yǔ)有more than one…或many a…構(gòu)成，盡管從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù)內(nèi)容，但它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式。如：

More than one student has read the book.Many a girl has been there.但是，“more +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+than one”結(jié)構(gòu)之后，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般多用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：

More members than one are against your plan.8）一些有兩個(gè)部分構(gòu)成的名詞表示衣物或工具作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式，例如：glasses, clothes, trousers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors等。但如果主語(yǔ)用“a kind of, a pair of , a series of等加名詞”構(gòu)成時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。如：

A pair of shoes was on the desk.9）this kind of book =a book of this kind（這種書(shū)），其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；短語(yǔ)this kind of men =men of this kind =these kind of men(口語(yǔ))（這一類(lèi)人），但this kind of men的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，men of this kind和these kind of men的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，all kinds of后跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：

This kind of men is dangerous.Men of this kind are dangerous.10）復(fù)數(shù)形式的單、復(fù)數(shù)同形名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，按意義一致原則，作用單數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)，反之，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。這類(lèi)名詞有：means（方法），works（工廠），species（種類(lèi)），Chinese，Japanese等。如：

The(This)glass works was set up in 1980.(這家玻璃廠建于1980年。)

The（These）glass works are near the railway station.（這些玻璃廠在火車(chē)站附近。）

當(dāng)它們前面有a, such a , this, that修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)；有all, such, these, those修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)，但means, no means, the means等詞前沒(méi)有以上修飾詞時(shí)，可用作單數(shù)，也可用作復(fù)數(shù)。

11）如果名詞詞組中心詞是all，most, half, rest等詞語(yǔ)，所指的復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；反之，用單數(shù)。如：

All of my classmates like music.All of the water is gone.12)在主謂倒裝的句子中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語(yǔ)一致。如：

Between the two windows hangs a picture.2．由連接詞連接的名詞作主語(yǔ)

1）

用and或both…and連接并列主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：

Plastics and rubber never rot.Walking and riding are good exercises.但是，并列主語(yǔ)如果指的是同一個(gè)人、同一事物或同一概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，這時(shí)and后面的名詞沒(méi)有冠詞。如： Truth and honesty is the best policy.The girl’s teacher and friend is a young doctor.To love and to be loved is great happiness.Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.A knife and fork is on the table.2）當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后面跟有as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, with, like, rather than, together with, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等引導(dǎo)的詞組時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)而定。如：

The teacher as well as the students was reading in the library.3）以or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also等連接的名詞（代詞）作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)根據(jù)就近一致的原則。如：

Tom or his brothers are waiting in the room.Either you or he is to go.3．代詞作主語(yǔ)

1）名詞性物主代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，既可以用作單數(shù)，也可以用作復(fù)數(shù)，這取決于它所代替的是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。如：

Ours(Our Party)is a great party.Your shoes are black, and mine(=my shoes)are brown.2）such, the same起指示代詞作用時(shí)，應(yīng)根據(jù)其所指的內(nèi)容來(lái)決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。如：

Such is our plan.Such are his words.3）關(guān)系代詞who, that, which等在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。如：

Those who want to go please put up your hands.Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun.4）疑問(wèn)代詞who, what, which作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可根據(jù)說(shuō)話(huà)人所要表達(dá)的意思決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。如：

Who lives next door ? It is Xiao Liu.Who live next door ? It is Zhang and Liu.What produce(s)heat ?

5）不定代詞any, either, neither, none, all some, more等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，有以下兩種情況：

單獨(dú)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，視其在文中的意義，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)形式，例如：

Now all has been changed.All are present.either, neither單獨(dú)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)通常用單數(shù)。

但后接of時(shí)，若of的賓語(yǔ)為不可數(shù)名詞，動(dòng)詞當(dāng)然用單數(shù)形式，若of的賓語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞時(shí)，動(dòng)詞可以是單數(shù)，也可以是復(fù)數(shù)，在正式文體中，單數(shù)形式的動(dòng)詞更常用。如：

Do(es)any of you know his address ?

None of them has(have)seen the film.4．分?jǐn)?shù)、量詞作主語(yǔ)

1）“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)以及由“a lot of, lots of plenty of, a large quantity of, a heap of, heaps of, half of +名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與短語(yǔ)中of后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致，這是因?yàn)槎陶Z(yǔ)中后面的名詞是中心詞，而短語(yǔ)中前面的量詞是修飾語(yǔ)，例如：

Lots of damage was caused by fire.About three-fourths of the earth’s surface is covered with water.Three-fifths of the workers here are women.和這種情況類(lèi)似的還有“a number of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”，但是，“the number of +名詞”的中心詞卻是number, 試比較：

A number of students have gone home.The number of pages in this book is two hundred.注意：(large)quantities of修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，其短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)，例如：

Quantities of food(nuts)were on the table.短語(yǔ)in quantity, in large quantities意為“大量”；in small quantities意為“少量”。

2）a great deal of , a large amount of修飾不可數(shù)名詞，其短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)；large amounts of修飾不可數(shù)名詞，其短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)，例如：

A large amount of(A great deal of)damage was done in a very short time.Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.3）表示數(shù)量的one and a half后，名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但是其短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，例如：

One and a half bananas is left on the table.4）half of,(a)part of修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)及不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

5．名詞化的形容詞作主語(yǔ)

如果主語(yǔ)由“the+形容詞（或過(guò)去分詞）”結(jié)構(gòu)擔(dān)任時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)通常用復(fù)數(shù)，這類(lèi)詞有：the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dumb, the oppressed, the injured, the wounded, the unemployed等；但也有少數(shù)的過(guò)去分詞與定冠詞連用時(shí)指?jìng)€(gè)別，則用單數(shù)。如：

The blind study in special schools.The departed was a well-known engineer.這類(lèi)形容詞或分詞如果要表示個(gè)體時(shí)，就要與名詞man, person或表示人的單數(shù)連和，如：an old man, a rich person, the(a)wounded soldier

6．從句作主語(yǔ)

1）由what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)，但所指的具體內(nèi)容是復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式，例如：

What we need is more time.What we need are doctors.2）在“one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞++who/that/which”引導(dǎo)的從句結(jié)構(gòu)中，關(guān)系代詞who/that/which的先行詞是靠近它的復(fù)數(shù)名詞而不是one，因此，從句中的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該是復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：

This is one of the most interesting stories that have been told.但是當(dāng)one之前有the only等修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞的先行詞是one，而不是靠近它的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，因此從句的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)是單數(shù)形式。如： She was the only one of the girls who was late.

第三篇：英語(yǔ)倒裝

英語(yǔ)倒裝

倒裝是一種語(yǔ)法手段，用于表示一定的句子結(jié)構(gòu)或強(qiáng)調(diào)某一句子成分。倒裝句有兩種：完全倒裝和部分倒裝。

1.完全倒裝

1)完全倒裝即把整個(gè)謂語(yǔ)放到主語(yǔ)之前（是整個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，而非助動(dòng)詞）。

例如：In came the teacher and the class began.（老師走了進(jìn)來(lái)，然后開(kāi)始上課。）

2)there引出的完全倒裝句：除了最常見(jiàn)的there be句型以外，there還可以接appear, exist, lie, remain, seem to be, stand等，一般都譯成“有”的含義，構(gòu)成完全倒裝句。

例如：There appeared to be a man in black in the distance.（遠(yuǎn)處有個(gè)穿黑色衣服的人。）

3)由地點(diǎn)和時(shí)間副詞引出的完全倒裝句：以地點(diǎn)副詞here, there和時(shí)間副詞now, then 開(kāi)頭，后面的動(dòng)詞是be, come, exist, fall, follow, go, lie, remain, seem, stand等，而主語(yǔ)又是名詞時(shí)，構(gòu)成完全倒裝句。Up climbed the boy when his mother came.4）表示運(yùn)動(dòng)方向的副詞或地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)置于句首，謂語(yǔ)表示運(yùn)動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞且主語(yǔ)是名詞時(shí)使用完全倒裝Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.轟炸機(jī)肚底下竄出一枚導(dǎo)彈。

Out he rushed.注意： 1)在here, there引出的倒裝句中，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是普通名詞時(shí)用完全倒裝句，但當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是代詞時(shí)，就要用部分倒裝句。

例：Here comes the postman!（郵遞員終于來(lái)了！注意實(shí)意謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞位于主語(yǔ)之前。）Here we are.（我們到了。注意系動(dòng)詞位于主語(yǔ)代詞之后。）

2)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是代詞，謂語(yǔ)是系動(dòng)詞，表語(yǔ)是說(shuō)明性的詞、詞組和定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，可以使用完全倒裝句，起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。

例：Lucky is he who has been enrolled into a famous university.（他真幸運(yùn)，被一所名牌大學(xué)錄取了。）

Typical for China is the crosstalk show where a pair of comedians entertains the audience with word play.（中國(guó)典型的是相聲表演，兩個(gè)喜劇演員通過(guò)文字游戲逗樂(lè)觀眾）

2.部分倒裝

1)部分倒裝即只把謂語(yǔ)的一部分（如助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞等）放到主語(yǔ)前，或把句子的強(qiáng)調(diào)成分提前。

Nor did he let the disease stop him from living the kind of life he has always dreamt about（疾病沒(méi)有使他放棄過(guò)上夢(mèng)想中的生活）

2)以否定詞開(kāi)頭的句子要求部分倒裝。注意下列句子中助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提前、甚至補(bǔ)充助動(dòng)詞的用法：

例：Not until yesterday did little John change his mind.（小約翰直到昨天才改變了主意。）In no country other than Britain, it had been said, can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day.（據(jù)說(shuō)除了英國(guó)世界上沒(méi)有哪個(gè)國(guó)家能讓人在一天中感受到四季變化）

3)以否定副詞開(kāi)頭并加狀語(yǔ)放在句首的句子要求部分倒裝。這些否定副詞有barely, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely…… when, never, no sooner…… than, rarely, no more, not nearly, not only等以及only。

Only in the country can you learn the “true English”.4）一些如scarcely……when, no sooner ……than, hardly……when引導(dǎo)的主從復(fù)合句主句要求使用過(guò)去完成式。

注意：在部分倒裝句中，只有助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或連系動(dòng)詞to be可以置于主語(yǔ)之前，其它部分都要置于主語(yǔ)之后。

5）此外，一些介詞+no+名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)中需要用部分倒裝，這些結(jié)構(gòu)包括at no time;by no means;for no reason;in no case;in/under no circumstances;in no sense;in no way;on no account;on no consideration;at no point例如Under no circumstances should you lend Paul any money.注意：

a)如果含有從句時(shí)，只要求主句倒裝： 例：Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.（只有當(dāng)他已經(jīng)說(shuō)出那個(gè)字后才意識(shí)到自己犯了個(gè)大錯(cuò)誤。）b)如果上述否定副詞出現(xiàn)在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的前半部分，不用倒裝：

例： It was not until he went abroad that he know the truth of the fact.（直到他出國(guó)以后才了解到事實(shí)真相。）

c)如果hardly, scarcely后面接的是any, ever, at all時(shí)，意義類(lèi)似almost no/ not/ never（幾乎不、從不），則無(wú)須倒裝。

例：Hardly any people having been invited went there.（幾乎沒(méi)有什么受到邀請(qǐng)的人去那里了。）

7)由as though引導(dǎo)的部分倒裝句：

a)當(dāng)as作為比較意義時(shí)，即用于as + adj./ adv.+ as結(jié)構(gòu)中時(shí)，如果把第一個(gè)as省略掉，就形成部分倒裝句。

例：Cautious as the rest of her family(was), she didn't seem willing to give an immediate reply to my question.（正如她家里人一樣謹(jǐn)慎小心，她似乎不愿意立即回答我的問(wèn)題。）She charged the stairs, quick as a rabbit(ran).（她跑上樓去，跑得象兔子那么快?。゜)當(dāng) as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，和although, though一樣，當(dāng)用作“盡管”之義時(shí)，可以用于部分倒裝句。

Hard as he worked, he did not pass the exam.(雖然他很用功，但他還是沒(méi)及格)

c)表示原因時(shí)，為了強(qiáng)調(diào)起見(jiàn)，也可以倒裝。

例：Tired as he was, we decided not to disturb him.（因?yàn)樗哿?，我們決定不打擾他。）d)等于so時(shí)，意義是“也，也是”

例：She worked hard, so/ as did her husband.（她工作很努力，她的丈夫工作也很努力。）

3.so, neither, nor倒裝

除了構(gòu)成上述倒裝句以外，還可以取代上文出現(xiàn)的名詞、形容詞甚至整句話(huà)，構(gòu)成完全倒裝句或部分倒裝句。但這兩種倒裝的意義不同。

a)當(dāng)so表示“也，相同，那樣”時(shí)，通常表示對(duì)前一句肯定句的贊同、一致內(nèi)容，要求使用完全倒裝句：

He promised to finish my homework, so did I.b)so /such ……that句型可以構(gòu)成部分倒裝句，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)so /such和that之間的部分：例：So selfish was she that everyone avoid talking with her.c)也存在such+be+主語(yǔ)的情況用以強(qiáng)調(diào)，例如Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man of great achievements.(阿爾伯特?愛(ài)因斯坦是一個(gè)有偉大成就的普通人)

d)neither和nor共有4種倒裝形式，其含義分別為：

1)完全倒裝時(shí)：表示“也不”，和上文a）用法正好相反，表示對(duì)前一句否定句的贊同或一致內(nèi)容。

例：You don't know what to do now, neither/ nor do I.（你不知道現(xiàn)在該做什么，我也不知道。）

2)和其它否定副詞連用，表示“也（不）”，也要求用完全倒裝句：

例：The besieged enemy could not advance, nor / neither retreat could they.（被包圍的敵人既不能進(jìn)，也不能退。）

注意：若把這句話(huà)改成：“The besieged enemy could neither advance nor retreat.（被包圍的敵人既不能進(jìn)，也不能退。）”就不必倒裝。

She never laughed, nor did she ever lose her temper.3)用在肯定句里，構(gòu)成一般否定倒裝：

例：All that is true, nor must we forget it.（那全都是真的，我們可不能忘記。）

4.部分倒裝

有承上啟下作用，表示同意和贊同：

例：A: I couldn't do anything for her.（我?guī)筒涣怂＃?/p>

B: Nor you could, but you might have got somebody to help her.（你是不能幫她，但你本可以找人幫她的。）

2)在進(jìn)行比較的句子里，如果主語(yǔ)不是代詞時(shí)，可以倒裝：

例：America consumes more energy than did our country.（美國(guó)消耗的能源比我們國(guó)家多。）

3）在某些表示祝愿的句型中要求倒裝。如May you happy.4）在文學(xué)作品中常出現(xiàn)倒裝，有些是由于語(yǔ)法習(xí)慣，有些是為了簡(jiǎn)單的修辭，如Not even one cloud will I bring away（不帶走一片云彩）.5.不用倒裝的地方

注:如果only后面的詞組不是狀語(yǔ),則不用倒裝.Only Wang Ling knows this.如果直接引語(yǔ)后注明引語(yǔ)是什么人說(shuō)的，而且主語(yǔ)是名詞時(shí)，用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)；主語(yǔ)是代詞時(shí)，一般不用倒裝。

“ Let' go ,” said the man.倒裝句之部分倒裝

部分倒裝是指將謂語(yǔ)的一部分如助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)倒裝至主語(yǔ)之前。如果句中的謂語(yǔ)沒(méi)有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，則需添加助動(dòng)詞do, does或did，并將其置于主語(yǔ)之前。

1)句首為否定或半否定的詞語(yǔ)如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等 Never have I seen such a performance.Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.當(dāng)Not until引出主從復(fù)合句，主句倒裝，從句不倒裝。

注意： 如否定詞不在句首不倒裝。

I have never seen such a performance.The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.典型例題

1)Why can't I smoke here?

At no time___ in the meeting-room

A.is smoking permitted B.smoking is permitted

C.smoking is it permitted D.does smoking permit

2）Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is.A.man did know B.man know C.didn't man know D.did man know

倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)的用法：

一、副詞here,there, in, out,up ,down, away,back,now, then, ahead 等位于句首,當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是be,come, go, follow,run等表示位置移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞，而且主語(yǔ)又是名詞時(shí),需要把謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞放主語(yǔ)之前，即全部倒裝。注意:A 此類(lèi)倒裝不用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)度。B若主語(yǔ)是代詞時(shí)，不用倒裝。

1.--Let's hurry.Listen!There________.__Oh,yes.Has the teacher come yet?

---Look!Here________.A the bell goes, is he coming B goes the bell, he comes

C the bell is going,he is coming D goes the bell, comes he

二，含有否定意義的詞放句首，部分倒裝。

A具有否定意義的副詞放句首： not,never,seldom,hardly, rarely.little,scarely,few…

not only, no sooner,hardly.scarely要倒,but also, than, when后面的句子不倒 Neither..nor..兩部分都倒裝 C, 含有否定意義的介詞放句首：by no means, In no time,in no case, on no account,under no

circumstances...On no account must you accept any money against your conscience.三，only＋狀語(yǔ)，部分到裝

6.Only in this way__to make improvement in the operating system.(2003 shang)

A you can hope B you did more C can you hope D did you hope

四、表示上文的狀況也適合另外一人或事半功倍有下列：

肯定:so+助動(dòng)詞(動(dòng)/情態(tài))+主語(yǔ) *主語(yǔ)與上文一致

否定:neither(nor)+助動(dòng)(動(dòng)/情態(tài))+主語(yǔ)

五、as 作“盡管／雖然”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，由于語(yǔ)法需要，把表語(yǔ)／狀語(yǔ)／動(dòng)詞提于句首．

11.___, he knows a lot of things.A The child as he is B Child as he is C A child as he is D Child as he is

六、so..that.., such..that..的句子結(jié)構(gòu)中，若so,such 和與其所修飾的詞置于句首，實(shí)行部分倒。

12.So difficult____it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English well.(2001)

A I have felt B have I felt C I did feel D did I feel

七、若if 引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句中有were, had, should 時(shí)，可將if省，把were, had , should 放主語(yǔ)之前。

13.___it rain tomorrow, we would have put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.(94)

A Were B Should C Would D Will

八、充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)的介詞短語(yǔ)放句首，全倒。

In a lecture hall of a university sits a professor.九、在表示愿望的感嘆句，倒裝。

May our country become rich and strong!

Long live the People's Republic of China!

十、There be 句型，eg,There live(stand,appear.seem,remain,exist….)

There is a man at the door wants to see you.There once lived an old hunter in that house.

第四篇：選用英語(yǔ)倒裝

倒裝是一種語(yǔ)法手段，用于表示一定的句子結(jié)構(gòu)或強(qiáng)調(diào)某一句子成分。倒裝句有兩種：完全倒裝和部分倒裝。

1.完全倒裝

1)完全倒裝即把整個(gè)謂語(yǔ)放到主語(yǔ)之前（是整個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，而非助動(dòng)詞）。例如：In came the teacher and the class began.（老師走了進(jìn)來(lái)，然后開(kāi)始上課。）

2)there引出的完全倒裝句：除了最常見(jiàn)的there be句型以外，there還可以接appear, exist, lie, remain, seem to be, stand等，一般都譯成“有”的含義，構(gòu)成完全倒裝句。

例如：There appeared to be a man in black in the distance.（遠(yuǎn)處有個(gè)穿黑色衣服的人。）

3)由地點(diǎn)和時(shí)間副詞引出的完全倒裝句：以地點(diǎn)副詞here, there和時(shí)間副詞now, then 開(kāi)頭，后面的動(dòng)詞是be, come, exist, fall, follow, go, lie, remain, seem, stand等，而主語(yǔ)又是名詞時(shí)，構(gòu)成完全倒裝句。Up climbed the boy when his mother came.4）表示運(yùn)動(dòng)方向的副詞或地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)置于句首，謂語(yǔ)表示運(yùn)動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞且主語(yǔ)是名詞時(shí)使用完全倒裝

Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.轟炸機(jī)肚底下竄出一枚導(dǎo)彈。

Out he rushed.注意：

1)在here, there引出的倒裝句中，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是普通名詞時(shí)用完全倒裝句，但當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是代詞時(shí)，就要用部分倒裝句。

例：Here comes the postman!（郵遞員終于來(lái)了！注意實(shí)意謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞位于主語(yǔ)之前。）

Here we are.（我們到了。注意系動(dòng)詞位于主語(yǔ)代詞之后。）

2)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是代詞，謂語(yǔ)是系動(dòng)詞，表語(yǔ)是說(shuō)明性的詞、詞組和定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，可以使用完全倒裝句，起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。

例：Lucky is he who has been enrolled into a famous university.（他真幸運(yùn)，被一所名牌大學(xué)錄取了。）

Typical for China is the crosstalk show where a pair of comedians entertains the audience with word play.（中國(guó)典型的是相聲表演，兩個(gè)喜劇演員通過(guò)文字游戲逗樂(lè)觀眾）

2.部分倒裝

1)部分倒裝即只把謂語(yǔ)的一部分（如助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞等）放到主語(yǔ)前，或把句子的強(qiáng)調(diào)成分提前。

Nor did he let the disease stop him from living the kind of life he has always dreamt about（疾病沒(méi)有使他放棄過(guò)上夢(mèng)想中的生活）

2)以否定詞開(kāi)頭的句子要求部分倒裝。注意下列句子中助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提前、甚至補(bǔ)充助動(dòng)詞的用法：

例：Not until yesterday did little John change his mind.（小約翰直到昨天才改變了主意。）

In no country other than Britain, it had been said, can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day.（據(jù)說(shuō)除了英國(guó)世界上沒(méi)有哪個(gè)國(guó)家能讓人在一天中感受到四季變化）

3)以否定副詞開(kāi)頭并加狀語(yǔ)放在句首的句子要求部分倒裝。這些否定副詞有barely, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely…… when, never, no sooner…… than, rarely, no more, not nearly, not only等以及only。

Only in the country can you learn the “true English”.4）一些如scarcely……when, no sooner ……than, hardly……when引導(dǎo)的主從復(fù)合句主句要求使用過(guò)去完成式。

注意：在部分倒裝句中，只有助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或連系動(dòng)詞to be可以置于主語(yǔ)之前，其它部分都要置于主語(yǔ)之后。

5）此外，一些介詞+no+名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)中需要用部分倒裝，這些結(jié)構(gòu)包括at no time;by no means;by no manner of means;for no reason;in no case;in/under no circumstances;in no sense;in no way;on no account;on no consideration;at no point例如Under no circumstances should you lend Paul any money.注意：

a)如果含有從句時(shí)，只要求主句倒裝： 例：Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.（只有當(dāng)他已經(jīng)說(shuō)出那個(gè)字后才意識(shí)到自己犯了個(gè)大錯(cuò)誤。）

b)如果上述否定副詞出現(xiàn)在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的前半部分，不用倒裝：

例： It was not until he went abroad that he know the truth of the fact.（直到他出國(guó)以后才了解到事實(shí)真相。）

c)如果hardly, scarcely后面接的是any, ever, at all時(shí)，意義類(lèi)似almost no/ not/ never（幾乎不、從不），則無(wú)須倒裝。

例：Hardly any people having been invited went there.（幾乎沒(méi)有什么受到邀請(qǐng)的人去那里了。）

6)由no matter how, however和how引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句要求部分倒裝，因?yàn)樾稳菰~或副詞通常緊跟在這三個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞后面，然后才是主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)，形成形式上的部分倒裝句：

例：I know nothing about this river, neither how long, how wide nor how deep it is.（我一點(diǎn)也不了解這條河，不知道它有多長(zhǎng)，多寬或多深。）

7)由as引導(dǎo)的部分倒裝句：

a)當(dāng)as作為比較意義時(shí)，即用于as + adj./ adv.+ as結(jié)構(gòu)中時(shí)，如果把第一個(gè)as省略掉，就形成部分倒裝句。

例：Cautious as the rest of her family(was), she didn't seem willing to give an immediate reply to my question.（正如她家里人一樣謹(jǐn)慎小心，她似乎不愿意立即回答我的問(wèn)題。）

She charged the stairs, quick as a rabbit(ran).（她跑上樓去，跑得象兔子那么快！）

b)當(dāng) as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，和although, though一樣，當(dāng)用作“盡管”之義時(shí)，可以用于部分倒裝句。

Hard as he worked, he did not pass the exam.(雖然他很用功，但他還是沒(méi)及格)

c)表示原因時(shí)，為了強(qiáng)調(diào)起見(jiàn)，也可以倒裝。

例：Tired as he was, we decided not to disturb him.（因?yàn)樗哿?，我們決定不打擾他。）

d)等于so時(shí)，意義是“也，也是”

例：She worked hard, so/ as did her husband.（她工作很努力，她的丈夫工作也很努力。）

3.so, neither, nor倒裝

除了構(gòu)成上述倒裝句以外，還可以取代上文出現(xiàn)的名詞、形容詞甚至整句話(huà)，構(gòu)成完全倒裝句或部分倒裝句。但這兩種倒裝的意義不同。

a)當(dāng)so表示“也，相同，那樣”時(shí)，通常表示對(duì)前一句肯定句的贊同、一致內(nèi)容，要求使用完全倒裝句：

He promised to finish my homework, so did I.b)so /such ……that句型可以構(gòu)成部分倒裝句，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)so /such和that之間的部分：

例：So selfish was she that everyone avoid talking with her.c)也存在such+be+主語(yǔ)的情況用以強(qiáng)調(diào)，例如Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man of great achievements.(阿爾伯特?愛(ài)因斯坦是一個(gè)有偉大成就的普通人)

d)neither和nor共有4種倒裝形式，其含義分別為：

1)完全倒裝時(shí)：表示“也不”，和上文a）用法正好相反，表示對(duì)前一句否定句的贊同或一致內(nèi)容。

例：You don't know what to do now, neither/ nor do I.（你不知道現(xiàn)在該做什么，我也不知道。）

2)和其它否定副詞連用，表示“也（不）”，也要求用完全倒裝句：

例：The besieged enemy could not advance, nor / neither retreat could they.（被包圍的敵人既不能進(jìn)，也不能退。）

注意：若把這句話(huà)改成：“The besieged enemy could neither advance nor retreat.（被包圍的敵人既不能進(jìn)，也不能退。）”就不必倒裝。

She never laughed, nor did she ever lose her temper.3)用在肯定句里，構(gòu)成一般否定倒裝：

例：All that is true, nor must we forget it.（那全都是真的，我們可不能忘記。）

4.部分倒裝

有承上啟下作用，表示同意和贊同：

例：A: I couldn't do anything for her.（我?guī)筒涣怂＃?/p>

B: Nor you could, but you might have got somebody to help her.（你是不能幫她，但你本可以找人幫她的。）

2)在進(jìn)行比較的句子里，如果主語(yǔ)不是代詞時(shí)，可以倒裝：

例：America consumes more energy than did our country.（美國(guó)消耗的能源比我們國(guó)家多。）

3）在某些表示祝愿的句型中要求倒裝。如May you happy.4）在文學(xué)作品中常出現(xiàn)倒裝，有些是由于語(yǔ)法習(xí)慣，有些是為了簡(jiǎn)單的修辭，如Not even one cloud will I bring away（不帶走一片云彩）.5.不用倒裝的地方

注:如果only后面的詞組不是狀語(yǔ),則不用倒裝.Only Wang Ling knows this.如果直接引語(yǔ)后注明引語(yǔ)是什么人說(shuō)的，而且主語(yǔ)是名詞時(shí)，用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)；主語(yǔ)是代詞時(shí)，一般不用倒裝。

“ Let' go ,” said the man.【倒裝專(zhuān)練】

1.So _________ that even the people in the next room could hear him.A.loudly he spoke

C.loudly did he speakB.he spoke loudlyD.loudly spoke did he

2.Only when one loses freedom _________ its value.A.does one know

C.does know oneB.one does knowD.know one does

3.He never went to see her again, _________ to apologize.A.nor did he writeB.nor he did write

C.he did writeD.nor he wrote

4._________ to sleep than the telephone rang once again.A.No sooner had he goneB.No sooner did he go

C.He no sooner wentD.He had gone no sooner

5.No sooner _________ down than the phone rang.A.had I sat

C.have I satB.I had satD.I have sat

6.No sooner _________ than he was asked to leave again.A.has he arrived

C.had he arrivedB.he has arrivedD.he had arrived

7.Little _________, but we’re flying to Geneva next weekend to celebrate his birthday.A.does he know

C.knows himB.he knows D.did he know

8.Never in my wildest dreams _________ to win first place last time.A.I expectedB.did I expect

C.I have expected D.have I expected

9.Never before _________ so many people here are still starving.A.had I known

C.have I known

B.I had knownD.I have known

10.Little _________ about his own safety, though he was in great danger himself.A.does he care

C.he caresD.he cared B.did he care

11.Only after my friend came _________.(from)

A.did the computer repairedB.be repaired the computer

C.was the computer repaired D.the computer was repaired

12._________ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research.A.So curious the couple was

C.How curious the couple were B.So curious were the couple D.The couple was such curious

13.Only by shouting _________ to make himself heard.A.he was able

C.he did ableB.was he able D.did he able

14.Only when we landed _________ how badly the plane had been damaged.A.we realizedB.did we realize

D.we had realized C.had we realized

15._________ was the attack that we had no time to escape.A.So sudden

C.So suddenly B.Too suddenD.Too suddenly

16.Not only _________ a pay increase, they want reduced hours as well.A.do the nurses want B.the nurses want

C.did the nurses want D.the nurses wanted

17.Not only _________ to her, I even got her autograph!

A.I spokeB.did I speak

C.I have spokenD.have I spoken

18.The service was terrible and _________ the food.A.so that

C.so was B.so as D.so as to

【參考答案】1—5 CAAAA6—10 CABCB11—15 CBBBA16—18 ABC

第五篇：中考英語(yǔ)作文一

中考英語(yǔ)作文范文一：低碳生活

假定你是李華，最近你們班就“低碳”生活方式進(jìn)行了討論，你的美國(guó)朋友Jack來(lái)信向你詢(xún)問(wèn)討論情況，請(qǐng)你用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)封回信，簡(jiǎn)單參照作文地帶介紹的以下討論結(jié)果：

1.節(jié)水節(jié)電；

2.垃圾分類(lèi)；

3.少用紙巾，重拾手帕；

4.步行，騎自行車(chē)或乘坐公交車(chē)。

參考詞匯：低碳low carbon 紙巾tissue

注意：詞數(shù)100以?xún)?nèi)(不含開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾所給出的字?jǐn)?shù))；可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)了，以使行文連貫；開(kāi)頭已為你寫(xiě)好，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。

Dear Jack,Thank you for your letter asking about our discussion on low carbon lifestyle.Here is something about it._______________________________________

Best wishes,Li Bing

參考范文：

Dear Jack,Thank you for your letter asking about our discussion on low carbon lifestyle.Here is something about it.We can do a lot in our daily life to achieve the goal of living low carbon life.First, we’d better turn off lights if possible and spend less time watching TV or surfing the Internet.Saving water also matters much.Besides, we should sort out the rubbish, hoping that we might recycle some, which will surely benefit us a great deal.In addition, we suggest using handkerchiefs instead of tissues so that we can prevent more trees from being cut down.More importantly, when we go out, walking, riding bikes or taking buses should be our first choice, which contributes to a cleaner world.中考英語(yǔ)作文范文二：網(wǎng)購(gòu)利弊

隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的發(fā)展和普及，網(wǎng)絡(luò)購(gòu)物在中國(guó)也變得越來(lái)越普遍了，甚至已經(jīng)成了我們?nèi)粘Ｉ畹囊徊糠至?；相信同學(xué)們身邊一定有不少同學(xué)已經(jīng)通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行購(gòu)物了，比如*****網(wǎng)，京東商城等；但是網(wǎng)絡(luò)購(gòu)物究竟有何利弊呢? 請(qǐng)寫(xiě)一篇短文，談?wù)劸W(wǎng)上購(gòu)物的好處與壞處。

_______________________________________________________

參考范文：

We talked about the advantages and disadvantages of internet shopping these days.Some students think it's very convenient for us to go shopping on the internet.The shops on Internet，for example taobao.com, 360buy.com are open for almost 24 hours a day, so we can buy something we want at any time if we like.What's more, we needn't to wait in a queue.However, some students disagreed with them.We can't see the things while we are shopping.So we are not sure whether they are good or not..Besides, we can't enjoy the happiness of shopping with our friends.中考英語(yǔ)作文范文三：緩解壓力

許多學(xué)習(xí)生活中的煩惱都會(huì)使人產(chǎn)生壓力,為了更好地發(fā)現(xiàn)及解決同學(xué)們中存在的心理壓力問(wèn)題,你們班特意開(kāi)展了一次以“Less Pressure, Better Life”為主題的英語(yǔ)演講比賽,請(qǐng)你準(zhǔn)備發(fā)言稿,談?wù)勀愕囊恍┚徑鈮毫Φ暮棉k法,與同學(xué)分享,內(nèi)容包括:

●同學(xué)們中普遍存在的壓力是什么；

●我的壓力是什么；

●我是如何成功緩解我的壓力的。

注意：文中不得出現(xiàn)真實(shí)的姓名和校名。

詞數(shù)80~100；短文的開(kāi)頭已給出(不計(jì)入總詞數(shù))。

Less Pressure, Better Life

Hello, boys and girls!

Pressure is a serious problem in today’s world.Students in our class are under too much pressure._________________________________________

That’s all.Thank you!

參考范文:

Less Pressure, Better Life

Hello, boys and girls!

Pressure is a serious problem in today’s world.Students in our class are under too much pressure.Some students can’t get on well with their classmates, while others may worry about their exams.I’m always under pressure, too.My parents want me to be the top student in class.So they send me to all kinds of training classes at weekends.Last Monday evening, I had a talk with my mother.I told her I was not lazy.I really felt tired.I needed time to relax.My mother agreed with me at last.So I think a conversation with parents is necessary to solve the problem.That’s all.Thank you!

中考英語(yǔ)作文范文四：火災(zāi)自救

近年來(lái)，我國(guó)火災(zāi)頻頻發(fā)生。2010年11月15日，上海膠東路一座高樓起火，損失嚴(yán)重。這個(gè)事件提醒注意防火安全很重要。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)以下提示，寫(xiě)一篇短文來(lái)分析引起火災(zāi)的原因并談?wù)勀銓?duì)火災(zāi)中自救的建議。

要求：

1.詞數(shù)不少于90，短文開(kāi)頭過(guò)渡已為你寫(xiě)好，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)；

2.要點(diǎn)完整、層次清楚、語(yǔ)法正確、上下文連貫。

提示：

防火安全fire safety 電 electricity 燃放煙花爆竹 set off fireworks

爬行crawl on one’s knees 消防栓 the fire hydrant

Usually fire accidents are caused because of carelessness.For example, ______________________

What can we do to protect ourselves when there is a fire?____________________________

中考英語(yǔ)作文范文五：自然災(zāi)害

2011年初，我國(guó)南方大部分地區(qū)遭受凍雨(freezing rain)，特別是貴州、湖南和四川，災(zāi)情失分嚴(yán)重。公路、鐵路、機(jī)場(chǎng)都被迫關(guān)閉，電網(wǎng)癱瘓。凍災(zāi)致使貴州40萬(wàn)人飲水難，四川兩電廠停運(yùn)。部分山區(qū)人民生活異常困難，在各級(jí)政府的帶領(lǐng)下，人民群眾、解放軍戰(zhàn)士英勇抗擊冰災(zāi)，涌現(xiàn)出大批可歌可泣的英雄事跡。作為一名中學(xué)生，你有何感想?有何打算?能不能改變這種狀態(tài)?_____________________________________________________________

參考范文：

As we know, our country suffered heavy ice early 2011.Everything was covered with freezing rain.Guizhou, Hunan and Sichuan suffered the most.It caused the buses, trains

and planes stop service.The disaster destroyed power facilities, cutting power supplies in many areas.As a result, huge economic loss was caused.Many people could not work and live normally.There was no food, water or light in some places.Our government called on people to fight against heavy snow.As a student, I think we should learn from those heroes.We must study hard at school.We should learn all kinds of knowledge to make our motherland stronger, better and richer.中考英語(yǔ)作文范文六：電子圖書(shū)

據(jù)報(bào)道，從2011年開(kāi)始韓國(guó)除了向所有小學(xué)和初高中學(xué)生發(fā)放紙質(zhì)的語(yǔ)文、英語(yǔ)、數(shù)學(xué)教科書(shū)之外，同時(shí)還將發(fā)放光盤(pán)形式的電子教科書(shū)。這表明，在韓國(guó)，電子圖書(shū)即將走進(jìn)尋常百姓家。某英文論壇發(fā)起了一次主題為“E-Books, Good or Bad?”的討論，請(qǐng)你寫(xiě)一篇80詞左右的短文，表達(dá)你對(duì)這件事情的看法。

________________________________________________________

參考范文：

E-Books Are Good

It’s reported that school students in Korea will use e-books from 2011.What good news this is!E-books have many advantages.Most importantly, they are good for the environment, since they can save lots of paper and trees.Besides, they are very convenient.To get a paper book, one has to spend a lot of time searching for it in a bookshop.But we can find e-books very quickly on the computer.In short, e-books can help us enjoy our life more.中考英語(yǔ)作文范文七：網(wǎng)上交友

人們對(duì)于學(xué)生網(wǎng)上交友持不同意見(jiàn)。請(qǐng)你用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一篇關(guān)于學(xué)生網(wǎng)上交友的短文，介紹人們的不同觀點(diǎn)，并表達(dá)自己的看法。

贊成的理由 反對(duì)的理由

1.廣交朋友 1.浪費(fèi)時(shí)間

2.可自由表達(dá)思想 2.影響學(xué)習(xí)

3.有利于外語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)3.可能上當(dāng)受騙

你的看法是?

注：字?jǐn)?shù)100—120之間。(書(shū)寫(xiě)不整齊者，酌情扣分。)

_________________________________________________________

參考范文：

Should students make friends on line? Some people say yes.Internet helps people make many friends.Chatting on line, students can express more freely their feelings and opinions, and even get help for their foreign language studies.Others, however, think students should not.They say making friends on line is a waste of time, which should be spent more meaningfully on study.Besides, some students get cheated on line.It is my opinion that students should place their study, health and safety before other things.As for friendship, we can readily find it in our classmates and other people around us.