第一篇：八年級(jí)下冊(cè) 英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)

八年級(jí)下冊(cè) 英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)（全書(shū)）

初二語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)

1.so+謂語(yǔ)+主語(yǔ)：…也一樣.謂語(yǔ):be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

2.so+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ):的確如此,真的這樣.3.help yourself/yurselves to．．．請(qǐng)隨便吃點(diǎn)．．．

4.發(fā)現(xiàn)sb做sth : find sb doing sth

5.不完全同意I don’t really agree.完全不同意I really don’t agree.6.或者．．或者．．．either…or…..就近原則

既不．．也不．．neither…nor….就近原則

既．．．．又．．．both…and….謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)

7.看起來(lái)，似乎It seems/seemed that…..8.由于．．．而聞名be famous for….更詳細(xì)的語(yǔ)法可以看這里：）

第二篇：八年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)

八年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)

2009-08-25 18:42

Unit6 Fun Cycling

Topic1 We’re going on a spring field trip

一.重點(diǎn)詞匯

(一)詞形轉(zhuǎn)換:

1.discuss(名詞)discussion 2.queen(對(duì)應(yīng)詞)king 3.comfortable(名詞)

comfort 4.safely(形容詞)safe(名詞)safety

(二)詞的辨析

1.find out / look for / find 2.cost / pay for / spend on 3.other /else

4.raise /rise 5.each /every 6.exciting / excited(三)重點(diǎn)詞組:

1.go on a visit to 去……旅行 2.make the decision 做決定 3.bring back

帶回 4.go on a field trip 去野外旅行

5.decide on(upon)sth 對(duì)某事做出決定 6 see the sunrise 看日出 7.make

a reservation 預(yù)訂

8.come up with 想出（主意）9.look forward to(doing)sth 期望 10.pay

for 支付；賠償

11.raise money 籌錢 12.book a ticket 訂票 13.make a room for sb 為……

訂房間

14.have a wonderful time 玩得愉快 15.in the daytime 在白天 16.a

two-day visit 為期兩天的旅行

17.find out 查出 18.some places of interest 名勝 19.rooms with bathtub

帶浴室的房間

20．a(chǎn) hard(soft)sleeper 硬（軟）臥 21.my pleasure 不客氣

二．重點(diǎn)句型及重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)

1.I have some exciting news to tell you.我有一些激動(dòng)人心的消息要告訴

你們。

to tell you 是動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)，作定語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)常放在被修飾的名詞或代詞之后。如： I have nothing to talk about.He has a lot of work

to do.2.Sounds great!= It sounds great!聽(tīng)起來(lái)不錯(cuò)。3.We will go on a two-day visit to Mount Tai.我們將要去泰山玩兩天。go on a visit to 去參觀/旅

游 They went to a visit to Egypt last year.類似有：go on a trip / go on a picnic。a two-day visit 為期兩天的旅行

a two-month holiday 兩個(gè)月的假期

an eighteen-year-old boy 一個(gè)18歲的男孩

4．It’s hard to say.這很難說(shuō)。To say 是動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)，It 是形式主

語(yǔ)。如： It’s nice to meet you.5.I’ll ask the airline on the phone.我將打電話問(wèn)問(wèn)航空公司。同義句

是： I’ll phone and ask the airline.6.Bring back your information to class tomorrow and we’ll decide on the best way to go on our field trip.明天把你們查到的信息帶到班上來(lái)，然后

我們來(lái)決定最好的郊游方式。

bring back 帶回。Please bring back your library books tomorrow.decide on/upon sth 決定，選定 We’re trying to decide on a school.7.It’s too far for cycling.騎自行車去路太遠(yuǎn)了。同義句是：It’ too far

to cycle there.8.How long does it take to reach Mount Tai by…？乘……去泰山要花多長(zhǎng)

時(shí)間？

9．How much does it cost to go there ?去那里要花多少錢？

How much does a standard room cost ? 一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)間的價(jià)格是多少？ 10.We have tickets at 120 yuan for the hard sleeper and 180 yuan for the soft sleeper.我們的票價(jià)是硬臥120元，軟臥是180元。

at 意為“以……”，一般用于表示價(jià)格，年齡，速度等詞的前面，for 意為“供，適合于”。I’ve got tickets at 80 yuan for The Sound of Music.11.I’d like to book 20 tickets for the hard sleeper.我要預(yù)訂20張硬

臥票。tickets for the hard sleeper= 20 hard sleeper tickets

book tickets 預(yù)訂票 book a room for sb/sth 為……預(yù)訂房間

e.g.We want to book some rooms for 14th.我們想預(yù)訂一些14號(hào)的房間。

12．Please pay for the tickets before 5:30 p.m.請(qǐng)?jiān)谙挛?：30之前付款。

Pay for 支付 pay for sb to do sth 付錢給某人做某事

e.g.Her parents paid for her to go to America.她的父母支付她去美國(guó)的費(fèi)用.13.I want to make a hotel reservation.我想預(yù)訂房間。make a

reservation 預(yù)訂

14.We have rooms with a bathtub… 我們有帶浴缸……的房間。with 有或

帶著 a house with a swimming pool

a standard room with two single beds

15.It’s very common to raise money in Canadian and American schools.在加拿大和美國(guó)的學(xué)校里籌錢是很正常的。raise money 籌錢 We can raise the

money ourselves.16.It costs each student one dollar to buy a ticket for the draw.每一

個(gè)學(xué)生花一美元便可買到一張抽獎(jiǎng)的票。

(1)each 作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù) Each of the students spends one dollar buying a ticket..（2）用于單數(shù)名詞前，作定語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。Each student has their

own e-mail address.(3)用于復(fù)數(shù)主語(yǔ)后，作主語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。They each have their own

e-mail address.17.I am looking forward to hearing from you.我盼望收到你的來(lái)信。Look forward to 盼望，期待 They are looking forward to solving the

problem.三.重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法

動(dòng)詞不定式

（1）動(dòng)詞不定式常跟這些及物動(dòng)詞之后，want ,refuse, forget, need , try, learn , like, agree, help, hope ,decide, begin等?？捎庙樋诹铮ㄒ刖?/p>

絕忘記，需要努力學(xué)習(xí)，喜歡同意幫助，希望決定開(kāi)始）

（2）不定式的否定形式是在to的前面直接加not.My mother decided not to

buy a computer for me.（3）不定式可以和疑問(wèn)詞who , which ,when, where ,how, what等連用。Can you tell me what to say at the meeting ? I don’t know how to get to the

station.（4）本topic出現(xiàn)的句子有：

I have some exciting news to tell you.I want to make a hotel reservation.It is very common to raise money in Canadian and American schools.The best way to raise money is to sell newspapers.I think the most exciting

way is to sell flowers in the evening.Kangkang helped us to book the train tickets.Topic2 How about exploring the Ming Tombs ?

一、重點(diǎn)詞匯：

（一）詞形轉(zhuǎn)換：

1.explore(名詞)explore 2.east(形容詞)eastern 3.north(形容詞)

northern 4.push(反義詞)pull

5.sadly(形容詞)sad(名詞)sadness 6.crowd(形容詞)crowded

（二）重點(diǎn)詞組:

1.make a plan 擬定計(jì)劃 2.make sure 確信，確保 3.come along with 和……

一起來(lái) 4.at the foot of 在……的腳下

5.be surprised at 對(duì)……感到驚奇 6.be satisfied with 對(duì)……感到滿意 7.out of sight 看不見(jiàn)

8.step on one’s toes 踩著某人的腳 9.can’t help doing sth 忍不住做

某事 10.spread over 分布于

11.rush out 沖出去 12.raise one’s head 抬頭 13.ask sb for help 向某人

求助 14.thank goodness 謝天謝地

二． 重點(diǎn)句型及重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)

1.While you were enjoying your trip, I was busy preparing for my exams.當(dāng)你在旅行時(shí)，我正忙于準(zhǔn)備考試。

(1)be busy doing sth,/ be busy with sth 忙于做某事

I’m busy preparing for my birthday party these days.(2)while 當(dāng)……時(shí)候，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。當(dāng)一個(gè)動(dòng)作在正在進(jìn)行時(shí)，另一個(gè)動(dòng)作也同時(shí)進(jìn)行。While my mother was cooking , I was watching TV.2.Would you help me plan a trip ? 請(qǐng)你幫我定個(gè)旅行計(jì)劃好嗎？ Would you 比will you 語(yǔ)氣更加客氣，委婉, 類似還有could you

Could you come along with us ?

3.They surveyed the area to make sure their tombs faced south and had mountains at the back.他們仔細(xì)勘測(cè)了整個(gè)區(qū)域，確保這些陵墓是坐北朝南，而且在背后有群山環(huán)繞。

make sure 確信，確保 Make sure all the windows are closed before you leave.4.It’s about two and a half hours by bike.騎自行車大約要2個(gè)半小時(shí)。

Two and a half hours = two hours and a half

5.It’s to the east of Yongling.它在永陵的東面。

to the +方位詞+of(表示互不接壤)Japan is to the east of China.on the +方位詞+of(表示相互接壤)Fujian is on the south of Zhejang.in the +方位詞+of 表示在某一范圍內(nèi)的地區(qū) Beijing is in the north of

China.6.They walked into Dingling and were surprised at the wonders.他們走

進(jìn)定陵，對(duì)那里的奇觀感到很驚奇。

be surprised at 對(duì)……感到很驚奇 He is surprised at dragons.be surprised to do sth 驚奇地做某事 She was surprised to find she was

lost.7.…so they had to look for space to park their bikes 他們不得不尋找停

自行車的地方

space 空間 Can you make space for this old man ?

8.While the crowd was pushing him in different directions, someone

stepped on his toes.當(dāng)人群從四面八方擠來(lái)時(shí)，有人踩了他的腳。

in one’s direction 朝著某人的方向 step on one’s toes踩了某人的腳

step on sth 踩某物 Don’t step on the flowers and grass.9.When he finally rushed out of the crowd, he noticed his friends were

both out of sight.當(dāng)他最后沖出人群時(shí)，他注意到他的兩個(gè)朋友都不見(jiàn)了。

notice sb do sth 注意某人做了某事 notice sb doing sth注意某人正在做某

事

10.As soon as the three boys saw each other, they all jumped up happily.三個(gè)男孩一見(jiàn)面，就高興得跳了起來(lái)。

as soon as 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 意為“一……就”

He left as soon as he heard the news.I’ll tell him as soon as I see him.11.He didn’t raise his head until someone called his name.直到有人喊

他的名字，他才抬起頭。not …until 直到……才

12.They were so lovely that we couldn’t help playing with them.它們太可愛(ài)了，我們禁不住和它們一起玩。

can’t help doing sth 忍不住做某事 When I heard the funny news, I couldn’

t help laughing.13.I am satisfied with everything in China.我對(duì)在中國(guó)的一切感到滿意。]

be satisfied with 對(duì)……感到滿意 He is satisfied with my work.14..We even asked the guard for help.我們甚至向保安尋求幫助。ask sb for help 向某人求助 The lost boy asked the police for help.三.重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句

1。引導(dǎo)詞：

（1）when, while , as 當(dāng)……時(shí)候.when 后可跟短暫性動(dòng)詞也可跟延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞；while 后跟延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞；as 多用于口語(yǔ)，強(qiáng)調(diào)同一時(shí)間，或一前一后。The students were talking in the classroom when the teacher came in.= While the students were talking in the classroom , the teacher came in.學(xué)生在教室里談話時(shí)，老師進(jìn)來(lái)了。

Mother always sings as she cooks dinner for us.媽媽總是邊給我們做飯邊

唱歌。

（2）not … until 直到……才，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用短暫性動(dòng)詞。

I won’t leave here until the rain stops.He didn’t sleep until his mother came back home.(3)after 在……之后，before 在……之前，as soon as 一……就

I went to sleep after I finished my homework..= I finished my homework

before I went to sleep.As soon as the bell rings , the students will go into the classroom.2.時(shí)態(tài)

（1）當(dāng)主句為一般過(guò)去時(shí)時(shí)，從句常用過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)。While I was doing my

homework , the telephone rang.(2)當(dāng)主句的時(shí)態(tài)為一般將來(lái)時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。I will call you as soon

as I get to Beijing.本topic出現(xiàn)的句子有：

1.While you were enjoying your trip, I was busy preparing for my exams.2.He didn’t raise his head until someone called his name.3.While the crowd was pushing him in different directions, someone stepped

on his toes..4.As soon as the three boys saw each other, they all jumped up happily.5.After they rode their bikes for two and a half hours, Kangkanf , Michael

and Darren arrived at the Ming Tombs.6.As they were exploring happily, the crowd became larger and larger.Topic3 Bicycles are popular with people

一、重點(diǎn)詞匯：

（一）詞形轉(zhuǎn)換：

1.death(動(dòng)詞)die(形容詞)dead 2 slow(副詞)slowly 3.crossing（動(dòng)詞）cross 介詞）across 4.success（動(dòng)詞）succeed(形容詞successful 5．Pain

(形容詞)painful 6.lead(名詞)leader

7.final(副詞)finally 8impossible(反義詞)possible 9 courage（動(dòng)詞）encourage

（二）重點(diǎn)詞組:

1．Slow down 減速 2.run into 撞到 3.avoid doing sth 避免 防止做某事 4.warn sb to do sth 警告/提醒某人做某事

5.ride into 進(jìn)入 躋身于 6 get used to(doing)習(xí)慣于做某事 7.a sharp turn 急轉(zhuǎn)彎 8.be popular with 受……的歡迎

9.get a fine 處以罰金 10.go on doing sth 繼續(xù)做某事 11.the way to success 成功之路

12.obey the traffic rules 遵守交通規(guī)則 13.break the traffic rules 違反交通規(guī)則

14.be afraid of doing sth 害怕做某事

15.be famous for 因……聞名 16.be in danger 處于危險(xiǎn)中 17.after a while 一會(huì)兒

二． 重點(diǎn)句型及重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)

1．I think traffic in Beijing is crazy.我認(rèn)為北京的交通很擁堵。traffic 是不可數(shù)名詞

2.If people obey the traffic rules , there will be fewer accidents.如果人們都遵守交通規(guī)則，交通事故將會(huì)減少。

If we break the traffic rules, it will be dangerous and we will get a fine.如果

人們違反交通規(guī)則，將很危險(xiǎn)，我們會(huì)受到處罰的。

這是if 引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

3．I feel a little more confident.我感到自信多了。more confident 是比較級(jí)

4.It can help us save energy and avoid pollution.這樣可以節(jié)約能源以及避免空氣污染。avoid sth / doing sth 避免做某事

You should avoid making the mistake like that.He ran into the wall to avoid hitting the truck.5.Bicycles are popular with people.自行車深受人們歡迎。Be popular with 受……歡迎It warns us to be more careful.Warn sb(not)to do sth 警告/提醒某人做某事 He warned her to keep silence.Warn sb about sth 提醒某人某事

7.Most people think bicycles are much safer than any other vehicle.大部分人認(rèn)為自行車比其他交通工具要安全些。

8．.However, his way to success didn’t go well.然而，他的成功之路并非一帆風(fēng)順。The way to success 成功之路 success in doing sth 在……成功

I didn’t have much success in finding a job.我找工作沒(méi)什么結(jié)果。

9．Like the other challenges in his life, Lance faced it head-on.像面對(duì)生命中其他挑戰(zhàn)一樣，蘭斯迎頭面對(duì)。

10．It seems impossible to beat him.打敗他似乎是不可能的。

beat sb 打敗某人 win a game /match/ a gold medal

It seems +adj+to do sth 做某事似乎……

She always seems to be sad.三.重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法 條件狀語(yǔ)從句

1.條件狀語(yǔ)從句由if（如果），unless(除非)等 引導(dǎo)的，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)，主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。

主句 if從句

Will(must, should, may)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

如：I won’t go if he doesn’t go.We will pass the exam if we study hard.We won’t pass the exam unless we study hard..2.祈使句+and/or 引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果句，祈使句在意義上相當(dāng)于條件狀語(yǔ)從句。

如：Hurry up, or you’ll be late.= If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late.=You’ll be late unless you hurry up.Study hard, and you will pass the exam.= If you study hard, you will pass the exam.

第三篇：八年級(jí)上冊(cè)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)

八年級(jí)上冊(cè)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)

1)leave的用法

1.“l(fā)eave+地點(diǎn)”表示“離開(kāi)某地”。

例如：When did you leave Shanghai?你什么時(shí)候離開(kāi)上海的？

2.“l(fā)eave for+地點(diǎn)”表示“動(dòng)身去某地”。

例如：Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London.下周五，愛(ài)麗斯要去倫敦了。

3.“l(fā)eave+地點(diǎn)+for+地點(diǎn)”表示“離開(kāi)某地去某地”。

例如：Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing?你為什么要離開(kāi)上海去北京？

2)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should“應(yīng)該”學(xué)會(huì)使用

should作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用，常常表示意外、驚奇、不能理解等，有“竟會(huì)”的意思。例如：How should I know? 我怎么知道？

Why should you be so late today? 你今天為什么來(lái)得這么晚？ should有時(shí)表示應(yīng)當(dāng)做或發(fā)生的事。

例如：We should help each other.我們應(yīng)當(dāng)互相幫助。

我們?cè)谑褂脮r(shí)要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：

1.用于表示“應(yīng)該”或“不應(yīng)該”的概念。此時(shí)常指長(zhǎng)輩教導(dǎo)或責(zé)備晚輩。例如：You should be here with clean hands.你應(yīng)該把手洗干凈了再來(lái)。

2.用于提出意見(jiàn)勸導(dǎo)別人。

例如： You should go to the doctor if you feel ill.如果你感覺(jué)不舒服，你最好去看醫(yī)生。

3.用于表示可能性。should的這一用法是考試中常常出現(xiàn)的考點(diǎn)之一。例如：We should arrive by supper time.我們?cè)谕盹埱熬湍艿搅恕?/p>

She should be here any moment.她隨時(shí)都可能來(lái)。

3)What...? 與 Which...? 1.what 與 which 都是疑問(wèn)代詞，都可以指人或事物，但是what僅用來(lái)詢問(wèn)職業(yè)。

如：What is your father?

= What does your father do?

=What is your father's job? 你父親是干什么的？

Which 指代的是特定范圍內(nèi)的某一個(gè)人。如：

---Which is Peter? 哪個(gè)是皮特？---The boy behind Mary.瑪麗背后的那個(gè)男孩。

2.What...?是泛指，所指的事物沒(méi)有范圍的限制；而 Which...?是特指，所指的事物有范圍的限制。如：What color do you like best?（所有顏色）你最喜愛(ài)什么顏色？

Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow?（有特定的范圍）你最喜愛(ài)哪一種顏色？ 3.what 與 which 后都可以接單、復(fù)數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。如：Which pictures are from China?哪些圖片來(lái)自中國(guó)？

4)頻度副詞的位置

1.常見(jiàn)的頻度副詞有以下這些：

always（總是，一直）usually（通常）

often（常常，經(jīng)常）sometimes（有時(shí)候）

never（從不）

2.頻度副詞的位置：

a放在連系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面。

如： David is often arrives late for school.大衛(wèi)上學(xué)經(jīng)常遲到。b放在行為動(dòng)詞前。

如：We usually go to school at 7:10 every day.我們每天經(jīng)常在7：10去上學(xué)。c有些頻度副詞可放在句首或句尾，用來(lái)表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。

如：Sometimes I walk home, sometime I rides a bike.有時(shí)我步行回家，有時(shí)我騎自行車。d.never放在句首時(shí)，主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要倒裝。如：Never have I been there.5)every day 與 everyday 1.every day 作狀語(yǔ)，譯為“每一天”。

如： We go to school at 7:10 every day.我們每天7：10去上學(xué)。

I decide to read English every day.我決定每天讀英語(yǔ)。

2.everyday 作定語(yǔ)，譯為“日常的”。

如：She watches everyday English on TV after dinner.她晚飯后在電視上看日常英語(yǔ)。

What's your everyday activity?你的日?；顒?dòng)是什么？ 6)什么是助動(dòng)詞 1.協(xié)助主要?jiǎng)釉~構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞詞組的詞叫助動(dòng)詞。被協(xié)助的動(dòng)詞稱作主要?jiǎng)釉~。

助動(dòng)詞自身沒(méi)有詞義，不可單獨(dú)使用。例如：He doesn't like English.他不喜歡英語(yǔ)。

（doesn't是助動(dòng)詞，無(wú)詞義；like是主要?jiǎng)釉~，有詞義）

2.助動(dòng)詞協(xié)助主要?jiǎng)釉~完成以下功用，可以用來(lái)：

a.表示時(shí)態(tài)，例如：He is singing.他在唱歌。

He has got married.他已結(jié)婚。

b.表示語(yǔ)態(tài)，例如：He was sent to England.他被派往英國(guó)。c.構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句，例如：Do you like college life? 你喜歡大學(xué)生活嗎？

Did you study English before you came here?你來(lái)這兒之前學(xué)過(guò)英語(yǔ)嗎？

d.與否定副詞not合用，構(gòu)成否定句，例如：I don't like him.我不喜歡他。a.加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，例如：Do come to the party tomorrow evening.明天晚上一定來(lái)參加晚會(huì)。

He did know that.他的確知道那件事。

3.最常用的助動(dòng)詞有：be, have, do, shall, will, should, would 7)forget doing/to do與remember doing/to do 1.forget to do 忘記要去做某事。(未做)forget doing 忘記做過(guò)某事。

(已做)

The light in the office is still on.He forgot to turn it off..辦公室的燈還在亮著，它忘記關(guān)了。(沒(méi)有做關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作)

He forgot turning the light off.他忘記他已經(jīng)關(guān)了燈了。(已做過(guò)關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作)

Don't forget to come tomorrow.別忘了明天來(lái)。

(to come動(dòng)作未做)

2.remember to do 記得去做某事

(未做)

remember doing 記得做過(guò)某事

(已做)

Remember to go to the post office after school.記著放學(xué)后去趟郵局。（未去）

Don't you remember seeing the man before? 你不記得以前見(jiàn)過(guò)那個(gè)人嗎?（已做）8)It's for sb.和 It's of sb.1.for sb.常用于表示事物的特征特點(diǎn)，表示客觀形式的形容詞，如easy, hard, difficult,interesting, impossible等：

It's very hard for him to study two languages.對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)學(xué)兩門外語(yǔ)是很難的。

2.of sb 的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主觀感情或態(tài)度的形容詞，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。

It's very nice of you to help me.你來(lái)幫助我，你真是太好了。

3.for 與of 的辨別方法：

用介詞后面的代詞作主語(yǔ)，用介詞前邊的形容詞作表語(yǔ)，造個(gè)句子。如果道理上通順用of，不通則用for.如：You are nice.(通順，所以應(yīng)用of)。

He is hard.(人是困難的，不通，因此應(yīng)用for。)9)對(duì)兩個(gè)句子的提問(wèn)

例如：句子：The boy in blue has three pens.提問(wèn)：1.Who has three pens?

2.Which boy has three pens? 3.What does the boy in blue have? 4.How many pens does the boy in blue have? 10)so、such與不定冠詞的使用

1.so與不定冠詞a、an連用，結(jié)構(gòu)為“so+形容詞+a/an+名詞”。如： He is so funny a boy.Jim has so big a house.2.such與不定冠詞a、an連用，結(jié)構(gòu)為“such+a/an+形容詞+名詞”。如：It is such a nice day.That was such an interesting story.11)使用-ing分詞的幾種情況

1.在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中。如： He is watching TV in the room.They were dancing at nine o'clock last night.2.在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：There is a boy swimming in the river.3.在have fun/problems結(jié)構(gòu)中。如： We have fun learning English this term.They had problems getting to the top of the mountain.4.在介詞后面。如： Thanks for helping me.Are you good at playing basketball.5.在以下結(jié)構(gòu)中：enjoy doing sth

樂(lè)于做某事

finish doing sth

完成做某事 feel like doing sth 想要做某事

stop doing sth 停止做某事

forget doing sth 忘記做過(guò)某事

go on doing sth 繼續(xù)做某事

remember doing sth 記得做過(guò)某事

like doing sth 喜歡做某事

keep sb doing sth 使某人一直做某事

find sb doing sth 發(fā)現(xiàn)某人做某事

see/hear/watch sb doing sth 看到/聽(tīng)到/觀看某人做某事

try doing sth 試圖做某事 need doing sth 需要做某事 prefer doing sth 寧愿做某事 mind doing sth 介意做某事 practice doing sth 練習(xí)做某事 be busy doing sth 忙于做某事 can't help doing sth 禁不住做某事 miss doing sth 錯(cuò)過(guò)做某事

12)英語(yǔ)中的“單數(shù)”

1.主語(yǔ)的第三人稱單數(shù)形式，即可用“he, she, it”代替的。

如： he, she, it

my friend, his teacher, our classroom, Tom, Mary's uncle 2.名詞有單數(shù)名詞和復(fù)數(shù)名詞。

如： man（單數(shù)）---men（復(fù)數(shù)）banana（單數(shù)）---bananas（復(fù)數(shù)）3.動(dòng)詞有原形，第三人稱單數(shù)形式，-ing分詞，過(guò)去式，過(guò)去分詞。如：go---goes---going---went---gone

work---works---working---worked---worked

watch---watches---watching---watched---watched 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)的時(shí)候，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須用相應(yīng)的第三人稱單數(shù)形式。如：

The boy wants to be a sales assistant.Our English teacher is from the US.Their daughter makes her breakfast all by herself.13)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)構(gòu)成的幾種形式

名詞復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成可分為規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。

I 名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化

1.一般在名詞詞尾加-s。

如：pear---pears hamburger---hamburgers

desk---desks

tree---trees 2.以字母-s,-sh,-ch,-x結(jié)尾的名詞，詞尾加-es。如：class---classes dish---dishes

watch---watches box---boxes 3.以字母-o結(jié)尾的某些名詞，詞尾加-es。

如： potato---potatoes tomato---tomatoes

Negro---Negroes hero---heroes 4.以輔音字母加-y結(jié)尾的名詞，將-y變?yōu)?i,再加-es。如：family---families dictionary---dictionaries city---cities country---countries 5.以字母-f或-fe結(jié)尾的名詞，將-f或-fe變?yōu)?v，再加-es。如： half---halves leaf---leaves thief---thieves knife---knives

self---selves wife---wives

life---lives wolf---wolves

shelf---shelves loaf---loaves

但是：scarf---scarves(fes)roof---roofs serf---serfs gulf---gulfs

chief---chiefs proof---proofs

belief---beliefs II 名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化

1.將-oo改為--ee。如： foot---feet tooth---teeth 2.將-man改為-men。如： man---men woman---women policeman---policemen postman---postmen 3.添加詞尾。如：child---children 4.單復(fù)數(shù)同形。如：sheep---sheep deer---deer

fish---fish people---people 5.表示“某國(guó)人”的單、復(fù)數(shù)變化。即“中日瑞不變英法變，其它國(guó)把-s加后面”。

如：Chinese---Chinese Japanese---Japanese

Swiss---Swiss

Englishman---Englishmen Frenchman---Frenchmen

American---Americans Australian---Australians

Canadian---Canadians Korean---Koreans

Russian---Russians Indian---Indians 6.其它。如：mouse---mice apple tree---apple trees man teacher---men teachers 14)肯定句變否定句及疑問(wèn)句要變化的一些詞 1.some變?yōu)閍ny。

如：There are some birds in the tree.→There aren't any birds in the tree.但是，若在表示請(qǐng)邀請(qǐng)、請(qǐng)求的句子中，some可以不變。如：

Would you like some orange juice?

與此相關(guān)的一些不定代詞如something, somebody等也要進(jìn)行相應(yīng)變化。2.and變?yōu)閛r。

如：I have a knife and a ruler.→I don't have a knife or a ruler.3.a lot of(=lots of)變?yōu)閙any或much。如： They have a lot of friends.（可數(shù)名詞）

→They don't have many friends.There is lots of orange in the bottle.（不可數(shù)名詞）

→There isn't much orange in the bottle.1.already變?yōu)閥et。

如： I have been there already.→I haven't been there yet.16)in與after in 與 after 都可以表示時(shí)間，但二者有所區(qū)別。

2.in 經(jīng)常用于將來(lái)時(shí)的句子中，以現(xiàn)在為起點(diǎn)，表示將來(lái)一段時(shí)間。如： He will leave for Beijing in a week.一周后他會(huì)動(dòng)身去北京。

3.after 經(jīng)常用于過(guò)去時(shí)的句子中，以過(guò)去為起點(diǎn)，表示過(guò)去一段時(shí)間。如：He left for Beijing after a week.一周后他動(dòng)身去了北京。4.不過(guò)，如果after后跟的是具體的時(shí)刻，它也可用于將來(lái)時(shí)。

如： We will finish the work after ten o'clock.十點(diǎn)后我們會(huì)完成工作的。5..注意區(qū)分以下的in的用法。

I'll visit him in a week.一周后我會(huì)去拜訪他。

I'll visit him twice in a week.一周內(nèi)我會(huì)去拜訪他兩次。17)不定冠詞a與an的使用 1.a 用在以輔音音素開(kāi)頭的單詞前。如： There is a “b” in the word “book”.單詞book中有個(gè)字母b。

類似的字母還有：c, d, g, j, k, p, q, t, u, v, w, y, z。

She has a small knife.她有一把小刀。2.an 用于以元音音素開(kāi)頭的單詞前。

如： There is an “i” in the word “onion”.單詞onion中有個(gè)字母i。

類似的字母還有：a, e, f, h, l, m, n, o, r, s, x。

如： Do you have an umbrella?你有一把雨傘嗎？

3.以元音字母開(kāi)頭的單詞前面不一定都用an；以輔音字母開(kāi)頭的單詞前面也不一定都用a。如：a useful book a universe

a one-letter word

an hour

an uncle an umbrella

an honest person 18)如何表達(dá)英語(yǔ)中的“穿、戴”？

英語(yǔ)中表示“穿、戴”的表達(dá)方法有好幾種，常見(jiàn)的有以下這些： 1.put on 主要表達(dá)“穿”的動(dòng)作。

如： He put on his coat.他穿上了他的外套。

You'd better put on your shoes.你最好穿上你的鞋子。2.wear 主要表示“穿、戴”的狀態(tài)。

如： The old man wears a pair of glasses.老人戴著一副眼鏡。

The girl is wearing a red skirt.那女孩穿著一條紅色的短裙。

3.dress 可作及物動(dòng)詞，有“給......穿衣”的意思，后接“人”，而不是“衣服”。如： Please dress the children right now.請(qǐng)立即給孩子們穿上衣服。

dress 也可作不及物動(dòng)詞，表示衣著的習(xí)慣。

如：The woman always dresses in green.那位婦女總是穿綠色的衣服。4.be in 表示穿著的狀態(tài)

。如：

John is in white today.約翰今天穿白色的衣服。19)a little, a few 與 a bit(of)a little, a few 與 a bit(of)都有“一些、少量”的意義。他們的區(qū)別在哪里呢？

1.a little 意為“一些、少量”，后接不可數(shù)名詞。

如：

There is a little water in the bottle.瓶子里有一點(diǎn)水。

還可以接形容詞。

如： He is a little shy.他有些害羞。

2.a few 意為“一些、少數(shù)”，后接復(fù)數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞。

如： There are a few people in the room.房間里有一些人。

3.a bit 意為“一點(diǎn)兒”，后接形容詞。如：

It's a bit cold.有點(diǎn)冷。

a bit of 后接不可數(shù)名詞。

如：

He has a bit of money.他有一點(diǎn)兒錢。

4.a little 表肯定意義，little 表否定意義；a few 表肯定意義，few 表否定意義。如：There is a little soda in the glass.杯子里有一點(diǎn)兒汽水。

There is little soda in the glass.杯子里幾乎沒(méi)有汽水了。

I have a few Chinese friends.我有一些中國(guó)朋友。

Few people like him.幾乎沒(méi)有人喜歡他。

5.a little = a bit of, 后接不可數(shù)名詞；

a little = a bit = a little bit = kind of, 后接形容詞，意為“有點(diǎn)兒”。

20)關(guān)于like的用法

like 可以作動(dòng)詞，也可以作介詞。

1.like 作動(dòng)詞，表示一般性的“愛(ài)好、喜歡”，有泛指的含義。如：

Do you like the color?你喜愛(ài)這種顏色嗎？

like 后可接不定式（like to do sth），也可接動(dòng)詞的-ing分詞（like doing sth），有時(shí)意思不盡相同。如： She likes eating apples.她喜愛(ài)吃蘋果。（習(xí)慣）

She likes to eat an apple.她喜愛(ài)吃一粒蘋果。（平常不喜歡吃）

like 與 would 連用，后接不定式，表示愿望或客氣的請(qǐng)求。如：

Would you like a cup of tea?您愿意喝杯茶嗎？

“喜歡某人做某事”可以用結(jié)構(gòu)“l(fā)ike sb to do sth/doing sth”。

如： They all like me to sing/singing English songs.他們都喜歡我唱英文歌。2.like 作介詞，可譯成“像......”。

如： She is friendly to us like a mother.她對(duì)我們友好，就像母親一樣。

It looks like an orange.它看起來(lái)像個(gè)桔子。

3、區(qū)分以下句子：

A.What does he look like? 為“他長(zhǎng)相如何？”指一個(gè)人的外貌特征

B.What is he like? 譯為“他人怎么樣？”指人的性格特點(diǎn)。

C.The boy like Peter is over there.D.A boy like Peter can't do it.A句指外貌相似，而D句指性格相似。

如：

The book speaks of my hometown.那本書(shū)提到我的家鄉(xiāng)。

talk 意為“談話、講話”，如果只有一方對(duì) 21)stop to do sth 與 stop doing sth 1.stop to do sth 意為“停下來(lái)去做某事”。

如：

The students stop to listen to their teacher.學(xué)生們停下來(lái)去聽(tīng)他們老師講話。

2.stop doing sth 意為“停止做某事”。

如：

The students stopped talking.學(xué)生們停止了談話。

與它們相反的句式是：go on to do sth “繼續(xù)做某事（與剛才一事不同）”和 go on doing sth “繼續(xù)做某事（與剛才同一件事）”。

如：

He finishes his homework and goes on to study English.他完成了作業(yè)，接著繼續(xù)去念英語(yǔ)。

They went on playing games.他們繼續(xù)玩游戲。22)tell, speak, say 與 talk 1.tell 意為“告訴、講述”，指某人把某一件事、一條信息傳送給別人或講述一件事。如：

He tells me that he wants to be a teacher.他告訴我說(shuō)他想成為一位教師。

Father always tells interesting stories to us.爸爸總是給我們講有趣的故事。

tell sb sth 意為“告知某人某事”。

如：

He told me something about his past.他告訴我一些他的往事。

tell sb to do sth 意為“告訴某人去做某事”。

如： David told his son to do the homework.大衛(wèi)要他的兒子去做作業(yè)。

1.speak 意為“說(shuō)話、講話”，后面主要接語(yǔ)言。

如：

He can speak English and a little Chinese.他能講英語(yǔ)和一點(diǎn)漢語(yǔ)。

2.speak to 意為“和.....講話、談話”。

如： Can I speak to Mr Zhang? 我能和張先生講話嗎？

3.speak of 意為“提到、說(shuō)起”。另一方說(shuō)話時(shí)，一般用 talk to；如果雙方或多方交談，多用 with。如：

Please talk to him right now.請(qǐng)立即同他談話。

He is talking with his friend.他在和朋友交談。

talk about 意為“談?wù)?.....”。如：

They are talking about the movie.他們?cè)谡務(wù)撃遣侩娪啊?/p>

have a talk with 意為“與......交談”。

如： Can I have a talk with you? 我可以和你交談嗎？

4.say 意為“說(shuō)”。

如：

Can you say it in English once more? 你能用英語(yǔ)再說(shuō)一遍嗎？

say to 意為“對(duì)......說(shuō)”。

如： He said to his students that they would have a test.他對(duì)他的學(xué)生說(shuō)他們將有一個(gè)測(cè)試。

It is said that...意為“據(jù)說(shuō)”。

如： It is said that he could stay under the water for a long time.據(jù)說(shuō)他能呆在水里很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。23)Excuse me!與 I'm sorry!

1.Excuse me!意為“打攪了！對(duì)不起！”，一般是為了與陌生人搭話，或者要打斷對(duì)方所說(shuō)（做）的事。如：

Excuse me, is there a hotel in the neighborhood?請(qǐng)問(wèn)，附近有旅館嗎？

Excuse me, could I say something?打攪一下，我能說(shuō)一些嗎？

2.I'm sorry!意為“對(duì)不起！”，表示道歉。如：

I'm sorry, Mr Zhang.I won't do it again.對(duì)不起，張先生。我不會(huì)這么做了。

表示時(shí)間的in, on 與 at 都可以和表示時(shí)間的詞（組）連用。

1.in 表示時(shí)間的一段或較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間。如：

in the morning 在上午

in May, 2004 在2004年五月

in a week 在一周之內(nèi)（后）

2.on 主要指在具體的一天。如： on Sunday 在星期天

on May Day 在“五一”節(jié)

on a hot afternoon 在一個(gè)炎熱的下午

3.at 表示時(shí)間的一點(diǎn)或比較短的時(shí)間。如： at 8:00 在八點(diǎn)

at noon 在中午

25)Other及其用法

Other 及其相近的詞（組），如 others, the other, the others, another, any other 等，一直是中學(xué)生朋友們比較困擾的問(wèn)題，平常的考試、作業(yè)中經(jīng)常出錯(cuò)。下面是它們的一些用法：

1、other 指其余的人或物，所有格是 other's，復(fù)數(shù)形式是 others，the other 指“兩個(gè)人或物中的另一個(gè)”，其復(fù)數(shù)形式是 the others，others 相當(dāng)于“other + 名詞”，所以不能充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞。others指整體中去掉一部分后剩余的部分，但不是全部的，即 some...others（一些...其余的人...）。the others 強(qiáng)調(diào)整體中除去一部分后剩余的全部，即some...the others.2、another 泛指三個(gè)以上的不定數(shù)目中的“另外一個(gè)”。由 an 和 other 合并構(gòu)成，所以不能和冠詞連用。another 修飾單數(shù)名詞，比如：another pencil.3、any other 指除去本身以外的“任何其他的人或物”，后面要用名詞的單數(shù)形式。26)look 短語(yǔ)

常見(jiàn)的look短語(yǔ)有以下這些： 1.look at 朝......看

Please look at the map of China.請(qǐng)看中國(guó)地圖。(look at=have a look at)2.look for 尋找

The old man is looking for his dog.老人在尋找他的狗。1.look like 看起來(lái)像

Nancy looks like her mother.南?？雌饋?lái)像她母親。2.look the same 看上去一樣

Li Ping and Li Jing look the same李萍和李晶看上去一樣。5.look up 查找

Please look up the word in the dictionary.請(qǐng)?jiān)谠~典中查找這個(gè)單詞。6.look over 仔細(xì)檢查

The doctor looked over Mary carefully.醫(yī)生仔細(xì)檢查了瑪麗。7.look after 照顧，照看

You must look after your old father.你必須照顧你的老父親。8.look around 到處尋找、查看

We looked around, but we found nothing strange.我們四處查看，但是我們沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)奇怪的東西。27)too，also與either 1.too用于肯定句和疑問(wèn)句，一般放在句尾，其前常加逗號(hào)。如： We are in the same school, too.我們也在相同的學(xué)校。2.also用于肯定句和疑問(wèn)句，一般位于實(shí)義動(dòng)詞前、be動(dòng)詞后。如：Sandra is also a Korean student.Sandra 也是一個(gè)韓國(guó)學(xué)生。3.either用于否定句，一般放在句末。

如： They don't know the answer, either.她們也不知道答案。4.as well as也有“也”的意思。

如：We have great mushroom pizza as well as soda.He is a happy boy as well.28)hard與hardly 1.hard既可作形容詞，也可作副詞。

如： It's a hard(adj.)question.(=difficult)

這是一個(gè)難的問(wèn)題。The boy studies very hard(adv.).那男孩學(xué)習(xí)非常努力。句子結(jié)構(gòu)：It's hard for sb to do sth 做某事對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)是難的。如：It's hard for him to finish the work.完成那項(xiàng)工作對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)很難。

注意區(qū)分：hard work 困難的工作

work hard 努力工作

2.hardly是頻度副詞，表示否定的意思。（=almost not）通常用在形容詞、副詞和動(dòng)詞之前。如：I can hardly see it.我?guī)缀蹩床坏剿?/p>

29)sometime,sometimes,some time與some times 1.sometime是時(shí)間副詞，指不確定的將來(lái)或過(guò)去某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間（某時(shí)候或任何時(shí)候），不指一段時(shí)間。如： We'll go to Beijing sometime next month.我們下個(gè)月某一時(shí)候會(huì)去北京。2.sometimes是頻度副詞，指“有時(shí)”、“不時(shí)”的意思（=at times）。

如：Sometimes I get up very late on Sunday morning.有時(shí)候我在星期天早晨起得很晚。3.some time是名詞詞組，指一段時(shí)間（一些時(shí)間或若干時(shí)間）。

如：It took him some time to finish the book.她花了一些時(shí)間去完成作業(yè)。4.some times指“幾次”。

如： He met the woman some times last month.上個(gè)月他見(jiàn)過(guò)那婦女幾次。30)exercise的一些用法

1.作不及物動(dòng)詞，譯為“運(yùn)動(dòng)，鍛煉”。

如： David exercises every morning.大衛(wèi)每天早晨進(jìn)行鍛煉。1.作及物動(dòng)詞，譯為“訓(xùn)練”。

如：Swimming exercises the whole body.游泳能使身體得到全面的鍛煉。2.作名詞，譯為“體育鍛煉、運(yùn)動(dòng)、體操、練習(xí)題”等。

如：It's good to do eye exercises every day.每天做眼保鍵操對(duì)眼睛有好處。Please do more exercise from now on.從今以后請(qǐng)多做運(yùn)動(dòng)吧。

4.注意：exercise指具體運(yùn)動(dòng)或體操時(shí)是可數(shù)名詞，復(fù)數(shù)形式為exercises；泛指運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)是不可數(shù)名詞。31)maybe與may be 1.maybe是副詞，譯為“也許、可能”，相當(dāng)于“perhaps”。

如：Maybe he can answer the question.也許他能回答那個(gè)問(wèn)題。He maybe is from the USA, too.他可能也來(lái)自美國(guó)。2.may be中的may為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，譯為“可能是......”。如：He may be from the USA, too.他可能也來(lái)自美國(guó)。

32)same與different 1.same指“相同的”，前面通常要有一個(gè)定冠詞the，但是如果same前面已經(jīng)有this，those等詞，就不能再與the連用了。

如：We are in the same class.我們?cè)谕粋€(gè)班級(jí)。

結(jié)構(gòu)：the same as 與......一樣

如： His mark is the same as mine.他的分?jǐn)?shù)和我的分?jǐn)?shù)一樣。2.different譯為“不同的”，其后的可數(shù)名詞應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)形式 如：We are in different classes.我們?cè)诓煌陌嗉?jí)。

結(jié)構(gòu)：be different from 與......不同

如：This sweater is different from that one.這件毛衣與那一件不同。

different的名詞形式為difference, 復(fù)數(shù)形式為differences。33)動(dòng)詞want的用法 1.want sth.想要某物

They want some help.他們需要一些幫助。2.want sb.to do sth.想要某人去做某事

My father wants me to help him on the farm.我父親要我在農(nóng)場(chǎng)上幫他。3.want to do sth.想要做某事

I want to study English in England.我想要在英國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。4.want doing 需要...Your sweater wants washing你的運(yùn)動(dòng)衣該洗了。34)be good(bad)for、be good at的相關(guān)用法

1.be good for 對(duì)......有益

Doing morning exercises is good for your health.做早操對(duì)你們的建康有益。

2.be good at 擅長(zhǎng)于......Li Ping is good at basketball.= Li Ping is good at playing basketball.李平擅長(zhǎng)于籃球。

be good at = do well in 如：

I'm good at math.= I do well in math我擅長(zhǎng)于數(shù)學(xué)。

3.be good to 對(duì)......好

Parents are always good to their children.父母親總是對(duì)他們的孩子好。35)how many與how much 1.how many表示“多少”，對(duì)數(shù)量提問(wèn)，后面接可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：There are four people in my family.---How many people are in your family? 你家里有幾個(gè)人？

We have seven classes every day.---How many classes do you have every day? 你們每天上幾節(jié)課？ 2.how much也是表示“多少”，但它對(duì)不可數(shù)名詞進(jìn)行提問(wèn)。如：There is some milk in the bottle.---How much milk is there in the bottle? 瓶子里有多少牛奶？ 3.how much還可以對(duì)價(jià)格提問(wèn)，表示“多少錢”的意思。如： The yellow T-shirt is only 35 yuan.---How much is the yellow T-shirt? 那件黃色的T恤衫多少錢？ 36)with的幾個(gè)用法

1.with表“和、同、與”。

如： Can you go to the park with me? 你能和我一起去公園嗎？ 2.with表“用、以、被”。

如：Don't write with the red pen.不要用那支紅色的鋼筆寫(xiě)字。3.with表“隨著”。

如： Climate varies with the time of the year.氣候隨著時(shí)令的不同而不同。4.with表“帶有、有......的”。

如： The girl with long hair is my classmate.長(zhǎng)頭發(fā)的女孩是我的同學(xué)。5.with表“因?yàn)?、由于”?/p>

如：They were angry with hard work.他們因?yàn)槠D難的工作而生氣。6..一些with結(jié)構(gòu)：play with

與......一起玩

be angry with

對(duì)......生氣

talk with

與......交談

get on well with

與......相處融洽 37)a lot of(lots of)與many,much 1.a lot of意為“許多、大量”。相當(dāng)于lots of。它既可以修飾可數(shù)名詞，又可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞。如：I have a lot of friends in China.我在中國(guó)有很多朋友。The old man has lots of money.那位老人有很多的錢。2.many意為“許多”。它用來(lái)修飾可數(shù)名詞。

如：Do you have many beautiful skirts?你有很多漂亮的裙子嗎？ 3.much意為“大量”。它用來(lái)修飾不可數(shù)名詞。

如：There is much water in the lake.湖里有大量的水。

4.a lot of（=lots of）用在肯定句中，而many，much不受限制。如果將一個(gè)含有a lot of（=lots of）的肯定句改為否定句或疑問(wèn)句，要將它們改為many或much。如：We can see a lot of birds in the tree.---We can't see many birds in the tree.我們?cè)跇?shù)上看不到很多鳥(niǎo)兒。He wants lots of soda.---Does he want much soda? 他需要許多汽水嗎？

38)help用法舉例

help既可以作名詞，也可以作動(dòng)詞。1.help作名詞，意為“幫助”。

如：He needs some help.他需要一些幫助。2.help作動(dòng)詞，也是“幫助”的意思。如：Can you help me? 你能幫幫我嗎？ 3.help的結(jié)構(gòu)： help sb(to)do sth

幫助某人做某事 =help sb with sth

幫助某人做某事

如：They want to help the boy carry the heavy box.=They want to help the boy with the heavy box.他們想要幫助那位男孩搬那個(gè)重箱子。39)well的用法

well可以作副詞，也可以作形容詞。1.well作副詞，意為“（某事干得）好”。如：The boy draws very well.男孩畫(huà)得很好。2.well作形容詞，意為“健康、安好”。如：I'm not feeling well 我覺(jué)得不舒服。40)ago與before ago與before都表示“......以前”，但用法有所區(qū)別。

1.ago意為“以前”，表示從此刻算起的若干時(shí)間之前，常用于過(guò)去時(shí)的句子中。如： He took a photo a week ago.他一周前照了一張相片。2.before作為副詞時(shí)表示：

a.從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻算起的若干時(shí)間以前，用于過(guò)去完成時(shí)的句子中。

如： The boy had already seen the comedy before.那男孩以前已經(jīng)看過(guò)那部喜劇片了。

b.籠統(tǒng)的“以前”，用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子中，一般單獨(dú)使用，而ago不可以單獨(dú)使用。如：He's read this novel before.他以前讀過(guò)這部小說(shuō)。41)need的用法

1.need作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，意為“需要”。

如：Do you need to stay at home? 你要呆在家里嗎？ 2.need作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，一般用于對(duì)must的否定回答。如：---Must he leave now?

他必須離開(kāi)嗎？

---No, he needn't.不，他不必。

3.區(qū)分：a.need作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。

b.need作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，一般不用于肯定句。42)decide的幾種句式

1.decide to do sth

決定去做某事

They decide to fly kite on weekend.他們決定在周末去放風(fēng)箏。

2.decide on doing sth

決定做某事

They decide on flying kites.他們決定放風(fēng)箏。

3.decide on sth

就某事決定......Betty decided on the red skirt.貝蒂選定了那條紅裙子。

2.decide的名詞形式為decision，結(jié)構(gòu)：make a decision，意為“做決定” 如：He has made a decision.他已經(jīng)做一個(gè)決定了。

43)too many,too much與much too 1.too many意為“太多”，用于修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。

如： There are too many students in our class.我們班上有太多的學(xué)生。2.too much意為“太多”，用于修飾不可數(shù)名詞。

如：We have too much work to do.我們有太多的工作要做。3.much too表示“太”，用來(lái)修飾形容詞或副詞。

如：The box is much too heavy, so I can't carry it.箱子太重了，所以我搬不動(dòng)它。44)can的用法 1.表示能力。

如：We can carry the heavy box.我們可以搬得動(dòng)箱子。Who can sing an English song?誰(shuí)會(huì)唱英文歌？

2表示驚訝、不相信等態(tài)度，主要用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中。如：Can it be true?這會(huì)是真的嗎？ You can't be serious? 你不會(huì)當(dāng)真吧？3.表示允許，意思與may相近，主要用于口語(yǔ)中。如： Can I smoke here? 我可以在這兒吸煙嗎？ Can I go with him?我可以跟他一起去嗎？

第四篇：初二下冊(cè)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)

初二下冊(cè)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)

表示一般將來(lái)時(shí)在八年級(jí)中我們已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了以下幾種表現(xiàn)形式：

1.用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)時(shí)(表示按計(jì)劃安排要發(fā)生的事件。)

What are you doing this weekend?

I’m playing soccer with Jim.Are you visiting the aquarium tomorrow? Yes, we are.2.用be going to do表將來(lái)時(shí)(表示明確的打算或用來(lái)表示必然，很可能發(fā)生的事或自然現(xiàn)象。)

It is going to rain this afternoon.We’re going to have a new subject this year.3.用will do表示將來(lái)時(shí)(表示單純的將來(lái)概念或表示“意愿”。)

I will see you tomorrow.Will you please open the door?

Ask for advice 尋求建議

(1)What shall I do?

(2)Can you help me?/Can you give me a hand?

(3)What should he do?

(4)Could you give me some advice?(a piece of advice, some pieces of advice)

Give suggestions 提出建議

第五篇：八年級(jí)上冊(cè)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)

八年級(jí)上冊(cè)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)

.Unit1：1.學(xué)習(xí)談?wù)撨^(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，復(fù)習(xí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間或某個(gè)時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。.例如：Where did you go on vacation ?I went to New York..2

學(xué)習(xí)掌握不定代詞的用法:anyone something anything everything nothing no one 等等...unit2: 1.討論經(jīng)常你經(jīng)常做的事情，用how often 進(jìn)行提問(wèn).例如：How often do you exercise? I exercise every day..2.學(xué)習(xí)掌握頻度副詞：always almost always usually often sometimes hardly ever seldom never...unit3: 1.學(xué)習(xí)形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)規(guī)則，分為規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)用法：表示兩者(人和事物)的比較。..規(guī)則變化：1.一般在此為加er.2.以字母e結(jié)尾的詞，在詞尾加r.3.重度閉音節(jié)詞詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母時(shí)，雙寫(xiě)該輔音字母，再加er.4.以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，先把y改I 再加er.5.多音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)詞在詞前加more.不規(guī)則變化另外記憶。...Unit4: 1.學(xué)習(xí)形容詞和副詞的最高級(jí)規(guī)則，分為規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化。.形容詞和副詞的最級(jí)用法：表示三者或三者以上(人和事物)的比較，其中有一個(gè)在某一方面超過(guò)其他幾個(gè)，后面用of /in 短語(yǔ)來(lái)說(shuō)明比較的范圍。.規(guī)則變化：1.一般在此為加est.2.以字母e結(jié)尾的詞，在詞尾加st.3.重度閉音節(jié)詞詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母時(shí)，雙寫(xiě)該輔音字母，再加est

.4.以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，先把y改I 再加est.5.多音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)詞在詞前加most.不規(guī)則變化另外記憶...Unit5:1.談?wù)搨€(gè)人喜好，學(xué)會(huì)做計(jì)劃。.例如：what do you think of talk show.I can’t stand it.2.學(xué)習(xí)和掌握關(guān)于電視節(jié)目的單詞： talk show sitcomNews soap opera game show sports show talent show...。Unit 6 1.談?wù)搶?lái)的打算，學(xué)會(huì)用be going to 結(jié)構(gòu)的用法.Be going to 是一種固定結(jié)構(gòu)，它后面接動(dòng)詞原形，用來(lái)表示按計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，有時(shí)也可以表示推測(cè)將要發(fā)生或肯定會(huì)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，有“準(zhǔn)備，打算”的意思。.例如I am going to study math really hard..2掌握詞組：have to do with make promise have …in common write downFor this reason take up...Unit 7 1學(xué)習(xí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。.一般將來(lái)時(shí)由“助動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成，表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，也可以表示將來(lái)經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如 tomorrow, next week ,next year ,in the future等。.例如：what will the future be like ?...Unit8: 1.學(xué)會(huì)描述步驟和方法，掌握關(guān)聯(lián)詞：first then next finally

.2.學(xué)會(huì)對(duì)可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的多少進(jìn)行提問(wèn)How much 對(duì)不可數(shù)名詞的多少進(jìn)行提問(wèn)How many 對(duì)可數(shù)名詞的多少進(jìn)行提問(wèn)...Unit9 1.學(xué)會(huì)邀請(qǐng)人參加活動(dòng)和委婉拒絕別人的邀請(qǐng)和建議..例如：can you come to my party on Saturday?.Sure ,I ‘d love to.Sorry ,I must study for a math test..2.學(xué)會(huì)些邀請(qǐng)信和拒絕函。...Unit10: 1學(xué)習(xí)簡(jiǎn)單的if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句If條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示在某條件下，某事很可能發(fā)生，條件是可能存在的，主句中某種情況發(fā)生的概率也是很高的。.例如:if you ask him, he will help you..注意：.If從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，簡(jiǎn)稱“主將從現(xiàn)”。

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