第一篇:專業(yè)英語ppt底稿
智能光網(wǎng)絡(luò) 由于ASON(智能光網(wǎng)絡(luò))是構(gòu)造在各種傳送技術(shù)之上的,也就是在傳送平面SDH、光傳送網(wǎng)(OTN)之上增加了獨(dú)立控制平面,因此它支持目前傳送網(wǎng)可以提供的各種速率和不同信號(hào)特性(如格式、比特率等)的業(yè)務(wù)。ASON網(wǎng)絡(luò)可以在兩個(gè)客戶網(wǎng)元之間提供具有固定帶寬的傳輸通道,通道界定在光網(wǎng)絡(luò)的輸入接入點(diǎn)和輸出接入點(diǎn)之間。
1.業(yè)務(wù)類型
ASON業(yè)務(wù)有以下幾個(gè)方面:
SDH業(yè)務(wù),支持G.707定義的SDH連接顆粒VC-n和VC-n-Xv; OTN業(yè)務(wù),支持G.709定義的OTN連接顆粒ODUk和ODUk-n-Xv; 透明或不透明的光波長(zhǎng)業(yè)務(wù);
10Mb/s、100Mb/s、1Gb/s和10Gb/s的以太網(wǎng)業(yè)務(wù);
基于光纖連接(FICON)、企業(yè)系統(tǒng)連接(ESCON)和光纖通道(FC)的存儲(chǔ)域網(wǎng)絡(luò)(SAN)業(yè)務(wù)。
ASON對(duì)新業(yè)務(wù)類型具有可擴(kuò)展性。ASON可以支持多種類型的業(yè)務(wù)模型,每種業(yè)務(wù)模型都有自身的業(yè)務(wù)屬性、目標(biāo)市場(chǎng)和業(yè)務(wù)管理需求。
2..業(yè)務(wù)連接拓?fù)漕愋?/p>
為了支持增強(qiáng)型業(yè)務(wù)(如帶寬按需分配、多樣性電路指配和捆綁連接等),ASON應(yīng)支持呼叫和連接控制的分離。呼叫和連接控制的分離可以減少中間連接控制節(jié)點(diǎn)過多的呼叫控制信息,去掉解碼和解釋消息的沉重負(fù)擔(dān)。ASON支持的連接拓?fù)漕愋桶ǎ弘p向點(diǎn)到點(diǎn)連接、單向點(diǎn)到點(diǎn)連接、單向點(diǎn)到多點(diǎn)連接。
由于呼叫和連接分離,一個(gè)呼叫可以對(duì)應(yīng)多個(gè)連接,目前雙向點(diǎn)到點(diǎn)連接是最主要連接方式
3.業(yè)務(wù)連接類型
ASON網(wǎng)絡(luò)支持3種業(yè)務(wù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接類型:永久連接(PC)、交換連接(SC)、軟永久連接(SPC)。
PC和SPC連接都是由管理平面發(fā)起的對(duì)連接的管理。PC和SPC的區(qū)別在于光網(wǎng)絡(luò)內(nèi)建立連接是利用網(wǎng)管命令還是實(shí)時(shí)信令,這兩種方式都是由運(yùn)營(yíng)商發(fā)起建立的業(yè)務(wù)連接。SC連接通過UNI信令接口發(fā)起,用戶的業(yè)務(wù)請(qǐng)求通過控制平面(包括信令代理)的UNI發(fā)送給運(yùn)營(yíng)商,即由用戶直接發(fā)起建立業(yè)務(wù)連接。
業(yè)務(wù)等級(jí)
目前的傳輸網(wǎng)不能按照服務(wù)等級(jí)制訂相應(yīng)的資費(fèi)政策,造成資源配置的浪費(fèi),而ASON網(wǎng)絡(luò)可以方便地對(duì)業(yè)務(wù)電路的優(yōu)先級(jí)進(jìn)行劃分,從而提供有服務(wù)品質(zhì)協(xié)議(SLA)的傳輸業(yè)務(wù)電路??蛻魧?duì)不同連接的可靠性有不同的要求,這些要求可以采用“業(yè)務(wù)等級(jí)”來表述。在ASON網(wǎng)絡(luò)中,業(yè)務(wù)等級(jí)主要是通過映射到不同恢復(fù)、保護(hù)選項(xiàng)和相關(guān)連接的優(yōu)先級(jí)來實(shí)現(xiàn)的,例如建立優(yōu)先級(jí)、保持優(yōu)先級(jí)(是否可以預(yù)空閑)、恢復(fù)優(yōu)先級(jí)。
建立優(yōu)先級(jí)主要是指業(yè)務(wù)的建立響應(yīng)時(shí)間,分別為在日、小時(shí)或分鐘內(nèi)建立業(yè)務(wù)連接。保持優(yōu)先級(jí)(是否可以預(yù)空閑)主要是指在出現(xiàn)其他系統(tǒng)故障時(shí)系統(tǒng)是否會(huì)被空閑出來承載更重要的業(yè)務(wù),業(yè)務(wù)連接本身有沒有保護(hù)。
恢復(fù)優(yōu)先級(jí)則是考慮系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)故障時(shí)的恢復(fù)時(shí)間和恢復(fù)等級(jí)(如恢復(fù)業(yè)務(wù)百分比)。將單個(gè)業(yè)務(wù)等級(jí)映射到一系列保護(hù)、恢復(fù)選項(xiàng),每個(gè)運(yùn)營(yíng)商有著不同的選擇。控制層面支持基于每個(gè)連接鏈路優(yōu)先級(jí)的設(shè)定,并支持將帶寬資源預(yù)留作為恢復(fù)目的和失效修復(fù)后路由歸一化。一般支持的業(yè)務(wù)連接等級(jí)包括:專用連接(1+1和1:1)、共享保護(hù)(1:N和M:N)、不保護(hù)(在主用電路上傳送)、不保護(hù)業(yè)務(wù)(在保護(hù)電路上傳送)等。
業(yè)務(wù)接入方法
為了將業(yè)務(wù)接入ASON網(wǎng)絡(luò),用戶首先需要在傳送平面上與運(yùn)營(yíng)商網(wǎng)絡(luò)建立物理連接。按照運(yùn)營(yíng)商網(wǎng)絡(luò)與客戶的位置,業(yè)務(wù)接入可以采取局內(nèi)接入(光網(wǎng)絡(luò)網(wǎng)元與客戶端網(wǎng)元在一地)、直接遠(yuǎn)端接入(具有專用鏈路連接到用戶端)、經(jīng)由接入子網(wǎng)的遠(yuǎn)端接入以及雙歸接入。
ASON必須支持雙歸接入方式。對(duì)于相同的客戶設(shè)備采用雙歸接入時(shí)不應(yīng)需要多個(gè)地址,雙歸接入是接入的一種特殊情況。采用雙歸接入的主要目的是增強(qiáng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的生存性,當(dāng)一個(gè)接入失敗時(shí),客戶的業(yè)務(wù)能夠依靠另一個(gè)接入而不會(huì)中斷。客戶設(shè)備可以以雙歸的方式(兩條不同的路徑)接入到核心網(wǎng)/運(yùn)營(yíng)商。
從安全角度,網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源應(yīng)該避免沒有授權(quán)的接入,業(yè)務(wù)接入控制就是限制和控制實(shí)體企圖接入到網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源的機(jī)制,特別是通過UNI和外部網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點(diǎn)接口(E-NNI)。連接接納控制(CAC)功能應(yīng)支持以下安全特征。
1.CAC適用于所有通過UNI(或者E-NNI)接入到網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源的實(shí)體。CAC包括實(shí)體認(rèn)證功能,以防止冒充者通過假裝另一個(gè)實(shí)體欺騙性地使用網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源。已經(jīng)認(rèn)證了的實(shí)體將根據(jù)可配置的策略管理被賦予一個(gè)業(yè)務(wù)接入等級(jí)。
2.UNI和網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點(diǎn)接口(NNI)上應(yīng)提供機(jī)制來保證客戶認(rèn)證和鏈路信息完整性,如鏈路建立、拆除和信令信息,以用來連接管理和防止業(yè)務(wù)入侵。UNI和E-NNI還應(yīng)包括基于CAC的應(yīng)用計(jì)費(fèi)信息,防止連接管理信息的偽造。
3.每個(gè)實(shí)體可以通過運(yùn)營(yíng)者管理策略的授權(quán)利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源。
第二篇:PPT文字底稿
P1自我介紹
利用閑暇時(shí)間讀了《創(chuàng)新天才》這本書,感觸頗多,現(xiàn)對(duì)我的讀書感觸做出如下報(bào)告。P2目錄這次報(bào)告共分為四個(gè)部分作者簡(jiǎn)介 全書概要 重點(diǎn)解讀讀書總結(jié)P3作者簡(jiǎn)介
彼得·菲斯克(Peter Fisk)是研究創(chuàng)新問題的專家和暢銷書作者,是一位引領(lǐng)全世界公司的顧問,也是一位經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的商業(yè)領(lǐng)袖。彼得曾與世界上許多最有創(chuàng)意的公司合作過,曾是很多大型企業(yè)的非執(zhí)行性總監(jiān)。彼得現(xiàn)在掌管Genius Works,這是一家“加速創(chuàng)新”的公司,與很多公司領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者合作開發(fā)能夠更加激勵(lì)人的戰(zhàn)略和程序,在公司中使用最好的創(chuàng)意,吸引人們?nèi)ニ伎荚鯓硬拍芨行腋錾赝瓿晒ぷ鳌W罱?,彼得被《商業(yè)戰(zhàn)略評(píng)論》評(píng)價(jià)為“最佳新商業(yè)思想家”,也曾被邀請(qǐng)作為專業(yè)顧問及有活力的演說家到世界各地演講。P4全書概要
本書是暢銷書作者彼得·菲斯克在創(chuàng)新領(lǐng)域的力作。本書從“設(shè)計(jì)模式”的角度來研討和歸納創(chuàng)新的方法,以及走向商業(yè)成功的方方面面。在本書中,作者介紹了創(chuàng)新的數(shù)十條軌跡,并為進(jìn)行創(chuàng)新提供了商業(yè)藍(lán)圖。本書受到了達(dá)·芬奇的想象力和視野的激發(fā),從而驅(qū)動(dòng)創(chuàng)新,以更加激進(jìn)和強(qiáng)大的方式來設(shè)計(jì)和創(chuàng)新。它包括使用的工具,從情境規(guī)劃到積累創(chuàng)新和市場(chǎng)進(jìn)入,一共有50條軌跡、50個(gè)啟發(fā)性的案例。本書內(nèi)容輕松易讀,具有很好的啟發(fā)性;配合的案例都是取自于IT行業(yè)中高度創(chuàng)新的國(guó)外公司,對(duì)于國(guó)內(nèi)的公司同樣具有很高的參考價(jià)值。本書的讀者面廣泛,適合于企業(yè)管理人員、學(xué)生和普通大眾。P5重點(diǎn)解讀
全書五十個(gè)章節(jié),但是總體連成一條主線。什么是創(chuàng)新,創(chuàng)新的重要性,以及我們應(yīng)該怎么樣驅(qū)動(dòng)創(chuàng)新。
P6一個(gè)富有創(chuàng)造力應(yīng)該同時(shí)具有不懈的好奇心,豐富的洞察力和開闊的思維。這三方面兼容驅(qū)動(dòng)創(chuàng)造力的產(chǎn)生。將這三方面進(jìn)行聯(lián)系,并且巧妙融合,在工作生活中勇于實(shí)踐,才能夠驅(qū)動(dòng)創(chuàng)造力。
P7企業(yè)只有員工具有創(chuàng)造力,對(duì)產(chǎn)品工作等不斷進(jìn)行創(chuàng)新,與公司技術(shù),實(shí)力環(huán)環(huán)相扣,才能向前發(fā)展
P8讀書后的感觸
1在日常的工作中首先應(yīng)該意識(shí)到創(chuàng)新的重要性
2從工作的各個(gè)方面培養(yǎng)塑造自己的創(chuàng)造力
3高效的完成整理資料,錄入資料等本分工作
4讓工作因?yàn)閯?chuàng)新變成一種樂趣
P9作為企業(yè)的一名員工,應(yīng)該有計(jì)劃的對(duì)自己進(jìn)行鍛煉,提高創(chuàng)造力。
P10做下總結(jié)謝謝觀賞
第三篇:專業(yè)英語PPT演講稿
1、Lathe [leie]
2、Value of two yuan of the third series of the RMB ——the turner3、A lathe is a machine tool which rotates the workpiece on its axis to perform various ['vε?ri?s] operations such as cutting, sanding(砂磨), knurling['n?:li?](滾花), drilling, or deformation with tools that are applied to the workpiece to create an object which has symmetry['simitri](對(duì)稱)about an axis of rotation.(center lathe,vertical lathe)
4、History
The lathe is an ancient tool, dating at least to ancient Egypt ['i:d?ipt] and known and used in Assyria [?'siri?] and ancient Greece [ɡri:s].The origin ['?rid?in, '?:-] of turning dates to around 1300 BC when the Ancient ['ein??nt] Egyptians [i:'d?ip??nz] first developed a two-person lathe.(One person would turn the wood work piece with a rope while the other used a sharp tool to cut shapes in the wood.)Ancient Rome improved the Egyptian design with the addition of a turning bow.In the Middle Ages a pedal replaced hand-operated turning,(freeing both the craftsman's hands to hold the woodturning tools.The pedal was usually connected to a pole, often a straight-grained sapling.)The system today is called the “spring pole” lathe.Spring pole lathes were in common use into the early 20th century.During the Industrial Revolution, mechanized ['mek?naizd] power generated by water wheels or steam engines was transmitted to the lathe via line shafting,(allowing faster and easier work.Metalworking lathes evolved into heavier machines with thicker, more rigid parts.)Between the late 19th and mid-20th centuries, individual electric motors ['m?ut?] at each lathe replaced line shafting as the power source.Beginning in the 1950s, servomechanism[,s?:v?u'mek?niz?m, 's?:v?u,me-](伺服機(jī)構(gòu))were applied to the control of lathes and other machine tools via numerical control,(which often was coupled with computers to yield computerized numerical control.)Today manually controlled and CNC lathes coexist(共存)in the manufacturing industries ['ind?stri].5、Description:Parts
Explanation of the standard components of most lathes:
? Bed床身: Usually made of cast iron.Provides a heavy rigid frame on which all the main components are mounted.? Ways床身導(dǎo)軌: Inner and outer guide rails that are precision machined parallel to assure accuracy of movement.? Headstock['hedst?k]床頭箱,主軸箱: mounted in a fixed position on the inner ways, usually at the left end.Using a chuck, it rotates the work.? Gearbox ①齒輪箱②變速器: inside the headstock, providing multiple speeds with
a geometric ratio by moving levers.? Spindle['spindl]心軸,主軸: Hole through the headstock to which bar stock can be fed, which allows shafts that are up to 2 times the length between lathe centers to be worked on one end at a time.? Chuck卡盤: 3-jaw(self centering)or 4-jaw(independent)to clamp part being machined.? Chuck: allows the mounting of difficult workpieces that are not round, square or triangular.? Tailstock尾架: Fits on the inner ways of the bed and can slide towards any position the headstock to fit the length of the work piece.An optional taper turning attachment would be mounted to it.? Tailstock Quill[kwil]尾架套管: Has a Morse taper to hold a lathe center, drill bit or other tool.? Carriage托架,滑動(dòng)架: Moves on the outer ways.Used for mounting and moving most the cutting tools.? Cross Slide橫刀架,橫拖板,橫溜板: Mounted on the traverse slide of the carriage, and uses a handwheel to feed tools into the workpiece.? Tool Post刀架,刀座: To mount tool holders in which the cutting bits are clamped.? Compound Rest復(fù)式刀架: Mounted to the cross slide, it pivots around the tool post.? Apron['eipr?n]床鞍: Attached to the front of the carriage, it has the mechanism and controls for moving the carriage and cross slide.? Feed Rod進(jìn)給桿: Has a keyway, with two reversing pinion gears, either of which can be meshed with the mating bevel gear to forward or reverse the carriage using a clutch.? Lead Screw絲杠: For cutting threads.? Split Nut開合螺母: When closed around the lead screw, the carriage is driven along by direct drive without using a clutch.? Quick Change Gearbox快換齒輪箱: Controls the movement of the carriage using levers.? Steady Rest固定中心架: Clamped to the lathe ways, it uses adjustable fingers to contact the workpiece and align it.Can be used in place of tailstock or in the middle to support long or unstable parts being machined.? Follow Rest跟刀架: Bolted to the lathe carriage, it uses adjustable fingers to bear against the workpiece opposite the cutting tool to prevent deflection.6~
9、Description:accessories [?k'ses?ri]
three-jaw [d??:] chuck [t??k]: Self-centering three-jaw chuck and key with one jaw removed and inverted showing the teeth that engage in the scroll plate.The scroll plate is rotated within the chuck body by the key, the scroll engages the teeth on the underside of the jaws which moves the three jaws in unison, to tighten or release the workpiece.four-jaw chuck :Independent four-jaw chuck, also known as a universal chuck, with the jaws independently set.The key is used to adjust each jaw separately.Collet彈性夾頭: A collet ['k?lit] is a holding device—specifically, a subtype of chuck—that forms a collar around the object to be held and exerts a strong clamping force on the object when it is tightened, usually by means of a tapered outer collar.It may be used to hold a workpiece or a tool.Faceplate花盤: A lathe faceplate is the basic workholding accessory for a wood or metal turning lathe.It is a circular metal(usually cast iron)plate which fixes to the end of the lathe spindle.The workpiece is then clamped to the faceplate, typically using t-nuts in slots in the faceplate, or less commonly threaded holes in the faceplate itself.dead center死頂尖: Dead center(The conical piece)mounted in the spindle of a lathe and being used to support a workpiece being driven by a carrier setup live center活頂尖:A live center or revolving center is constructed so that the 60° center runs in its own bearings and is used at the non-driven or tailstock end of a machine.[2] It allows higher turning speeds without the need for separate lubrication [,lu:bri'kei??n], and also greater clamping pressures.lathe carrier['k?ri?]車床雞心夾頭: A lathe dog, also known as a lathe carrier, is a device that clamps around the workpiece and allows the rotary motion of the machine's spindle to be transmitted to the workpiece.Mandrel['m?ndr?l]心軸: an object used to shape machined work.10、application
Lathes are used in woodturning, metalworking, metal spinning(旋壓), and glass-working.Lathes can be used to shape pottery, the best-known design being the potter's wheel陶車.Most suitably equipped metalworking lathes can also be used to produce most solids of revolution, plane surfaces and screw threads or helices.Ornamental [,?:n?'ment?l] lathes can produce three-dimensional solids(實(shí)體)of incredible complexity11、Examples of work produced from a lathe12、thank you!
I`m very happy to have this opptunity to give you a talk.today,my topic is lathe.I know many of you are familiar with this topic
Can you hear me clearly?
I think ti would be best to start out by looking at the picture on the screen
I would like to talk about first is the definition of the lathe
question ['kwest??n]
that is all,thank you very much
do you have any questions? please show me your hand.Who else?
I think we have time for just one more question
第四篇:專業(yè)英語
我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)和科學(xué)技術(shù)正在高速發(fā)展,隨著我國(guó)機(jī)械行業(yè)實(shí)力的不斷提升,中國(guó)正在加速產(chǎn)品與設(shè)備的更新與改造,我國(guó)與其他國(guó)家在各技術(shù)領(lǐng)域也正在實(shí)現(xiàn)進(jìn)一步的合作,許多企業(yè)引進(jìn)了很多進(jìn)口設(shè)備,大量資料是英文原版的。因此,學(xué)生將來在工作崗位上能否讀懂這些資料就是擺在面前的一個(gè)嚴(yán)峻的問題,特別是在生產(chǎn)實(shí)際中碰到現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)際問題的時(shí)候,很可能需要查閱原版英文資料或與相關(guān)專家用英語交流專業(yè)技術(shù)來謀取解決途徑,所以機(jī)械工程專業(yè)英語的掌握就變得越來越重要。
一、學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)械專業(yè)英語面臨的主要問題
1.缺乏足夠的重視,認(rèn)為沒必要
許多學(xué)生對(duì)專業(yè)英語重視不夠,認(rèn)為自己以后在工作崗位上一般用不上,學(xué)起來又不容易,不想花功夫去學(xué)習(xí)和加強(qiáng)專業(yè)英語方面的能力,即便有專業(yè)英語課程也是抱著及格萬歲的思想,敷衍了事。其實(shí),隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展,各種工作崗位對(duì)人才的要求越來越高,即使作為一名操作工,也有很大可能要面對(duì)純英文的說明書、加工圖紙等專業(yè)文獻(xiàn),更無須說將來擔(dān)任管理和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)崗位對(duì)專業(yè)英語的需求了。
2專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)不扎實(shí)
專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)不扎實(shí)、專業(yè)知識(shí)的缺乏是專業(yè)英語學(xué)習(xí)和翻譯的一大障礙。只有既懂外語又懂專業(yè)的人才能適應(yīng)全面的對(duì)外開放,4.無法適應(yīng)專業(yè)英語本身的特點(diǎn)
專業(yè)英語一般內(nèi)容較為枯燥,闡述的是原理概念,結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn),不注重文字修飾,重在客觀事實(shí);專業(yè)詞匯多,邏輯性強(qiáng),理論推導(dǎo)多,有獨(dú)特的文體形式和表達(dá)方式。在學(xué)習(xí)開始階段,我感覺很難適應(yīng)。
二、大學(xué)生學(xué)好機(jī)械專業(yè)英語的方法
1.把握專業(yè)知識(shí)
必須將機(jī)械專業(yè)知識(shí)與英語知識(shí)相結(jié)合。缺乏專業(yè)知識(shí),翻譯專業(yè)文獻(xiàn)就沒有了根基,成了無本之末。也許自己在學(xué)習(xí)過程中就會(huì)對(duì)翻譯出來的東西拿捏不穩(wěn),或者自己都不明白,更不能保證對(duì)錯(cuò)了。所以,學(xué)生必須加強(qiáng)開設(shè)本課程前的相關(guān)專業(yè)知識(shí)的學(xué)習(xí),為本課程的學(xué)習(xí)掃清這方面的阻礙,減輕負(fù)擔(dān)。也有學(xué)生反映,專業(yè)英語學(xué)完以后,英語和專業(yè)兩方面都有所鞏固和加強(qiáng),所以學(xué)生要做的仍舊是樹立信心,保持良好積極的心態(tài)。
2.積累專業(yè)詞匯和專業(yè)術(shù)語
在專業(yè)英語的學(xué)習(xí)過程中,學(xué)生既要鞏固基礎(chǔ)詞匯,也要學(xué)習(xí)專業(yè)詞匯,更要注重基礎(chǔ)詞匯的習(xí)慣用法、含義和在專業(yè)英語中的特殊用法、含義,同時(shí),學(xué)生還需要在識(shí)記專業(yè)詞匯的同時(shí),掌握一定量的詞根、詞綴[7]。提高專業(yè)英語資料的閱讀能力必須擴(kuò)大詞匯量,掌握一定量的專業(yè)詞匯。如果詞匯量掌握得不夠,閱讀時(shí)就會(huì)感到生詞多,障礙大,不但影響閱讀的速度,而且影響理解的程度,從而不能進(jìn)行有效的閱讀,還容易使人產(chǎn)生挫敗感。而學(xué)生要想擴(kuò)大詞匯量,就必須在閱讀的同時(shí)進(jìn)行識(shí)記,并擴(kuò)大閱讀范圍。
3培養(yǎng)濃厚興趣
培養(yǎng)對(duì)英語的興趣至關(guān)重要。“興趣是最好的老師”,興趣是學(xué)習(xí)英語的巨大動(dòng)力,有了興趣,學(xué)習(xí)就會(huì)事半功倍。我們都有這樣的經(jīng)驗(yàn):喜歡的事,就容易堅(jiān)持下去;不喜歡的事,是很難堅(jiān)持下去的。而興趣不是與生俱來的,需要培養(yǎng)。必須要用正確的態(tài)度對(duì)待英語學(xué)習(xí),用科學(xué)的方法指導(dǎo)學(xué)習(xí)。多讓自己去嘗試,通過努力讓自己體會(huì)成功的愉悅。
三、結(jié)語
用英語進(jìn)行專業(yè)交流是學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)械工程專業(yè)英語的最終目的。由于翻譯過程是個(gè)創(chuàng)造性的、從生疏到熟練的過程,只有具備刻苦的精神、嚴(yán)肅認(rèn)真的學(xué)習(xí)態(tài)度和一定的英語水平、專業(yè)水平和漢語表達(dá)水平,才能充分理解原專業(yè)文獻(xiàn)的含義,把握原文的想要表述的實(shí)質(zhì)內(nèi)容,運(yùn)用種種表達(dá)手段和翻譯技巧,用準(zhǔn)確流暢的符合漢語言習(xí)慣的語言生動(dòng)地再現(xiàn)原文。所以,為把自己培養(yǎng)成為復(fù)合型、有發(fā)展后勁的高技能人才,大學(xué)生必須把握機(jī)械工程專業(yè)知識(shí),培養(yǎng)專業(yè)英語的學(xué)習(xí)興趣,積累專業(yè)英語學(xué)習(xí)方法和基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),加強(qiáng)英文原始專業(yè)文獻(xiàn)的閱讀,擴(kuò)大知識(shí)面,迅速而切實(shí)地提高自己的專業(yè)英語的應(yīng)用能力,為將來更好地適應(yīng)高素質(zhì)工作崗位和進(jìn)一步發(fā)展的需要打下良好的基礎(chǔ)。
第五篇:專業(yè)英語
http://zaixianfanyi.com/google.php#hj
194頁:了解什么歸入類別嵌入計(jì)算,它足以說明什么不是嵌入式設(shè)備的要求。嵌入的設(shè)備的壽命非常不同于通用機(jī)器的3 年的逐漸過時(shí)循環(huán)。有些設(shè)備是幾乎一次性的:平均日本celluar電話在少于一年被替換。在oppsite極端,基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)的設(shè)備例如電話交換機(jī)在30年的日程表貶值。這些壽命差異產(chǎn)生具體的影響,可升級(jí)性和向后兼容性。少量嵌入設(shè)備有升級(jí)要求。例如,積極汽車熱衷者更改自己的車?yán)锏男酒?,但是這些通常是只讀光盤,不是處理器。大多數(shù)消費(fèi)者項(xiàng)將被替換,不會(huì)升級(jí)。
Backward compatibility is seldom an embedded requirement,as software does not migrate from one device to another.An interesting exception is game consoles:to maintain compatibility,later console chips must be capable of being exactly as fast as the early versions despite changes in underlying process technology.In consoles,backward compatible is often implemented by putting a complete copy of the previous-generation console in one small corner of the next-generation die.Bacause many embedded designs need not be backward compatible with previous implementations,designers are free to switch designs with each product generation.Consequently,there is less emphasis on the distinction between architecture and implementation.If a new version of a chip is slightly incompatible but much better than its predecessors,designers may still be willing to use it.因?yàn)檐浖⒉粡囊粋€(gè)設(shè)備遷移到另一個(gè),向后兼容性很少是嵌入式的要求,一個(gè)有趣的例外是游戲控制臺(tái):要維護(hù)兼容性,盡管最新控制臺(tái)芯片在基礎(chǔ)工藝技術(shù)上有所改變,但是它一定是可勝任的是象早版本一樣快速地確切。往往通過將上一代控制臺(tái)的完整副本放在一個(gè)小角落里的下一代模向后兼容。因?yàn)樵S多嵌入式的設(shè)計(jì)需要,不能與以前實(shí)現(xiàn)向后的兼容,設(shè)計(jì)師可以自由切換的每一代產(chǎn)品的設(shè)計(jì)。因此,有少強(qiáng)調(diào)體系結(jié)構(gòu)與實(shí)施之間的區(qū)別。如果稍有不兼容,但比其前任的芯片的新版本,設(shè)計(jì)師仍可能愿意使用它。