第一篇：教師考試--英語寫作

寫作部分要點解讀

一、【學習目標】按照《普通教師定崗英語課程標準（實驗）》中的要求制定該部分的學習目標為：培養(yǎng)學生書面表達能力。

能用文字及圖表提供的信息進行簡單描述；能寫出通知、信件等常見體裁的應用文；能描述人物或事件，并進行簡單的評論；能根據(jù)材料填寫簡單的表格。

二、【要點解讀】情景作文題考查學生初步的書面表達能力。意在要求平時指導學生寫作時, 寫作題立意要盡量與語言實際使用情形一致，寫作提示要盡可能具有開放性，體現(xiàn)“用英語做事”，引導學生表達真情實感，再現(xiàn)生活經(jīng)歷，描述周圍的人和物，表達意見、觀點，特別是要表達真實意義或個人經(jīng)驗。整體內(nèi)容要簡潔、明了；建議要合情合理，條理清晰，重點突出；可以用連接詞保持文章的連貫性。本題是開放性主觀題。解這類題的方法一般是認真閱讀寫作提示，掌握其要求，然后根據(jù)要求寫出文章。本題能力層級為綜合運用，難度預估值為0.75。

三、【學法指導】

（一）了解教師定崗必修模塊各種常見體裁應用文的格式

1.Notice通知(Book 1,P.16-P.17)

英語的通知分為兩類，即口頭通知和書面通知。

口頭通知一般不用寫題目，也不必寫出通知的時間。發(fā)布口頭通知首先要說明被通知的對象，在正文前面有稱呼語且頂左格寫，如：“Ladies and gentlemen”，“Boys and girls ”等。為了引起聽者的注意，需另起行不頂格寫一些引人注意的話，如“Be quiet, please!”，“ May I have your attention?”，“ Attention, please!”等?？陬^通知還要有結(jié)束語，如用That’s all表示通知到此為止。通知的結(jié)尾還可以用Thank you以表示禮貌。書面通知一般用Notice作為標題，通常寫在正文上方的正中間位置。正文是通知的主體部分，包括通知的對象、事由、時間、地點等，多用書面語、祈使句和將來時態(tài)，既要簡明扼要，又要準確無誤。常見格式：

Notice

正文

發(fā)通知的單位

日期

2.Letter書信(Book 1,P.38-P.39;Book 5,P.17;P.56-P.57;P.97)

英文書信分為私人書信（Personal letters）和業(yè)務書信(Business letters)。

書信一般包括五個部分：信頭(Heading)、稱呼(Salutation)、正文(Body of the letter)、結(jié)束語(Complimentary close)、簽名(Signature)。常見格式：

寫信人地址

寫信日期

收信人地址

稱呼

正文

結(jié)尾語

謙稱

簽名

寫信人地址和收信人地址的書寫順序與漢語相反，即由小到大。私人信件一般不寫收信人地址。

3.E-mail(Book 2,P.36-P.37)

首先,必須要在標題（Heading）欄的“收件人(To)”框中輸入收信人的E-mail 地址?！爸黝}(Subject)”框的內(nèi)容應簡明地概括信的內(nèi)容，短的可以是一個單詞,如greetings；長的可以是一個名詞性短語，也可以是完整句，但長度一般不超過35個字母?！爸黝}”框的內(nèi)容切忌含糊不清。

E-mail一般使用非正式的書信文體,因此正文前的稱呼通常無須使用諸如“Dear Mr.John”之類的表

達。在同輩的親朋好友或同事間可以直呼其名,但對長輩或上級最好使用頭銜加上姓。如：Tommy或者Mr.Smith。

E-mail文體的另外一個特點是簡單明了，便于閱讀，太長的內(nèi)容可以以附件的方式發(fā)出。一個段落大多僅由一到三個句子組成。信尾客套話通常也很簡明。常常只須一個詞，如：“Thanks”，“Best”，“Cheers”，不需要用一般信函中的“Sincerely yours”或“Best regards”。

4.Diary日記(Book 2,P.101)

日記就是記所做過的有趣的或有意義的事，動詞多用過去時。常見格式：

星期月，日天氣（如：Sunny）

正文

天氣的寫法有：fine/sunny/clear, rainy, windy, snowy, cloudy等。

5.Speech發(fā)言稿(Book 3,P.36-P.37)

發(fā)言稿一般由稱呼語、正文和結(jié)束語三部分組成，開頭和結(jié)尾有固定格式，寫正文時觀點要鮮明，條理要清楚，語言要簡潔明快。常見格式：

Good morning, everyone!

The topic of my speech today is....正文

Thank you for your listening.6.Poster海報(Book 5,P.37)

海報主要涉及比賽、影訊和演出，正中先寫Poster，然后把內(nèi)容作為大字標題，如：“Football Match”，“ Film News”等。正文部分要寫清具體內(nèi)容、活動時間、地點，以及參加的規(guī)定、主持或舉辦單位等，時常配以繪畫。出海報的單位署名在右下角，日期位于署名的下一行，靠左下角。海報示例：

Poster

Friendly Basketball Match

A basketball match will be held between Class 491 and Class 495 of Senior Grade 2 at 5:00 p.m.on Wednesday, November,18th on the school playground.All are warmly welcome.The School Student Union

Monday, November,16th

（二）教師定崗必修模塊各種常見體裁應用文一些常見的句式

1.書面通知的結(jié)束語常常有：Please attend it on time.Don’t be late.Everyone is welcome to take part in it.2.英文書信和e-mail的開頭語有：Thank you so much for your letter/ gift/e-mail.Glad to receive your letter/e-mail of May,15th.Sorry to have written back to you so late because….I’m writing to ask about….I’m writing to tell you something about….英文書信的結(jié)束語寫在正文的下方，另起一行。常見的結(jié)束語有：Best wishes/regards!Good luck to you!Wish you success/good luck!Give my best wishes/regards to…!Looking forward to your early reply!Do write to me when you have time!

謙稱的第一個字母要大寫，最后要加逗號。常用的謙稱有：Yours;Yours truly;Yours ever;Yours lovingly;Yours faithfully;Yours respectfully;Yours sincerely.3.發(fā)言稿開頭的常用語：I’m very glad to introduce myself to you.Good morning/afternoon/evening, everyone/ladies and gentlemen.The topic of my speech today is….結(jié)尾的常用語：That’s all.Thank you.Thank you for your listening.4.海報的常用語：Come and cheer for them.All are warmly welcome.Tickets, 10 yuan for each.Admission free.（三）中學生寫作中常見的錯誤

有相當一部分中學生在寫作時因?qū)忣}不嚴會導致人稱錯誤、要點遺漏、格式錯誤，還會在拼寫和語法方面犯錯誤。

1.拼寫錯誤。如：come true(√), come ture(ⅹ);believe(√), belive(ⅹ);first(√), frist(ⅹ)。

2.時態(tài)錯誤。如：We haven’t seen each other since you go to the USA.（應為went）。

3.語態(tài)錯誤。如：We watched the train till it was disappeared.（應去掉was）。

4.用詞錯誤。I hope you have a good time everyday.(應為every day)

5.非謂語動詞錯誤。Play computer games will waste your time.（應為Playing）。

6.語句結(jié)構(gòu)混亂。There are 80% of the classmates agreed with me.（應去掉There are）。

（四）巧用連接詞

要想使文章有整體性、連貫性，就要學會正確使用連接詞表示羅列、增加。英語作文常用連接詞如下：

First, second, third；

First, then, next, after that, next, finally；

For one thing ? for another?；

On(the)one hand?on the other hand；

Besides, What’s more, In addition, Furthermore, Moreover, Another, also;

Especially, In particular.表示時間順序

now, at present, recently, after, afterwards, after that, after a while, in a few days, at first, in the beginning, to begin with, later, next, finally, immediately, soon, suddenly, all of a sudden, at that moment, as soon as, the moment, form now on, from then on, at the same time, meanwhile, till, not?until, before, after, when, while, as during.表示解釋說明

now, in addition, for example, for instance, in this case, moreover, furthermore, in fact, actually.,表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系

but, however, while, though, or, otherwise, on the contrary, on the other hand, in contrast, despite, in spite of, even though, except(for), instead, of course, after all.表示并列關(guān)系

or, and, also, too, not only ? but also, as well as, both? and, either ?or, neither?nor.表示因果關(guān)系

because, because of, since, now that, as, thanks to?, due to?, therefore, as a result(of), otherwise, so?that, such?that.表示條件關(guān)系

as(so)long as, on condition that, if, unless.表示讓步關(guān)系

though, although, as, even if, even though, whether ?or?, however, whoever, whatever, whichever, wherever, whenever, no matter how(who, what, which, where, when, whom).表示舉例

for example, for instance, such as?, take? for example.表示比較

be similar to, similarly, the same as, in contrast, compared with(to)?, just like, just as.表示目的for this reason, for this purpose, so that, in order to, so as to.表示強調(diào)

in deed, in fact, surely, certainly, no doubt, without any doubt, truly, obviously, above all.表示概括歸納

in a word, in short, in brief, on the whole, generally speaking, in my opinion, as far as I know, as we all know, as has been stated, as I have shown, finally, at last, in summary, in conclusion.（五）掌握寫作技巧

1.注意篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，合理布局

開始部分（opening paragraph）——說出文中的要點、核心問題。

正文部分（Body paragraphs）——圍繞主題開展敘述、討論。

結(jié)尾部分（concluding paragraphs）——對全文的總結(jié)和概括。

要做到全文中心突出、段落之間必須是有機地聯(lián)系，內(nèi)容完整、連貫。前后呼應，祛除與主題無關(guān)的內(nèi)容。

2.確定主題句

主題句是對全文的概括，是文章的主旨。它能在文章中起到“畫龍點睛”的作用。通常主題句出現(xiàn)在一篇文章的開頭，而后，全文對主題句所提出的內(nèi)容進行解釋，擴展。

寫主題句應注意以下幾點：

1)歸納出你要寫的文章的幾個要點；

2)提煉出一句具有概括性的話；

3)主題句應具有可讀性，抓住、吸引讀者。

（六）使用較豐富的句式

長短句、從句和簡單句等的交替使用能夠使文章更加形象、生動。

（七）檢查、修改以及規(guī)范書寫等

四、【習題訓練】

1.Notice練習

假如你是班長，請你用英語通知你班同學本周星期六晚上7：30在本班教室舉行一次英語晚會，節(jié)目有唱歌、朗誦、講故事、話劇等，要求本班同學都參加，歡迎外班同學光臨，請同學們做好準備。詞數(shù)80左右。

2.Letter練習

假如你是李平，你的好友王華最近病倒了，請你給他寫封信安慰他，并給他提一些建議。詞數(shù)100左右。

3.E-mail練習

你的英國朋友Tom給你發(fā)來e-mail，告知你他將來青島度假，請你用英語給他發(fā)e-mail回信。詞數(shù)100左右。

4.Diary練習

用日記的形式表達你在10月28日（星期二）那天發(fā)生的情況：你早飯后準備上學，發(fā)現(xiàn)一建筑物著火，立刻報火警，結(jié)果上課遲到了。詞數(shù)100左右。

5.Speech練習

你們班上舉行一次討論會，討論如何交友，請你以“How to make friends”為題寫一篇英文演講稿，詞數(shù)100左右。

參 考 答 案

寫作部分

1.Notice練習答案

Notice

Attention, please.I have some good news to tell you.We’re going to have an English party in our classroom at 7:30 this Saturday evening.The program includes songs, recitations, storytelling and short plays.Everyone in our class must take part in it and students from other classes are also welcome.Everyone who takes part in the party should perform once.That’s all.Thank you.2.Letter練習答案

Dear Wang Hua,I’m sorry to hear that you have been ill for several days.How are you feeling now?

I know that you are devoting all your energy to study.But I just want to say exercise is as important as study.Doing exercise will not waste your time.Instead, it can refresh your mind.After one or two hours’ exercise, you can study more effectively.Only when you have a strong body can you keep on studying without feeling bad.Otherwise your study will be affected by your health.I hope you can take at least one hour’s exercise every day after you recover from your illness.I hope you will be well soon.Yours truly

Ling Ping

3.E-mail練習答案

Tom,I have read your e-mail.I am very glad to know that you will come to Qingdao.I am going to have a one-month holiday after the exam.We can spend our holidays together.We can go swimming, go fishing, climb the hills and enjoy many kinds of delicious seafood.We can also visit our beautiful city and I hope you will love her.At the same time we may learn languages from each other.By the way, please tell me your flight number and the arriving time.I will meet you at the airport.Good luck!

4.Diary練習答案

TuesdayOctober 28thSunny

This morning I went to school in a hurry after breakfast.On the way to our school, I saw a building was on fire.Immediately I phoned the fire police station.I knew the number is 119.The firemen came here very soon.Several minutes later, the fire was put out.When I arrived at school, class had already begun.After I told my teacher and classmates what had happened on my way to school, my teacher praised me.I said, “The heroic deeds of the firemen are more worthy of praising.”

5.Speech練習答案

Boys and girls,My speech is about how to make friends.Everyone needs friends.But how to make true friends is very important to everyone.Firstly, to make friends, you must be friendly to others.You should do your best to make a stranger feel at home, no matter where he is.And you don’t judge a stranger only by his appearance.You should think more of others than of yourselves.Secondly, if you don’t agree with others on a certain matter, don’t argue but talk with them.Finally, don’t believe those who leave their friends when they are in trouble because, as the saying goes, “A friend in need is a friend indeed.”

That’s all.Thank you!

第二篇：大學英語三級考試寫作

大學英語三級考試寫作模板

（一）不同觀點列舉型（選擇型）

（1）要求論述兩個對立的觀點并給出自己的看法。1．有一些人認為…… 2．另一些人認為…… 3．我的看法……

? There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文題目_____.But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.A majority of people think that _ 觀點一________.In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____.So it goes without saying that ___觀點一_____.? People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter.Some people hold the idea that ___觀點二_______.In their point of view, on the one hand，___原因一_______.On the other hand, ____原因二_____.Therefore, there is no doubt that ___觀點二______.? As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __觀點一或二______.It is not only because ________, but also because _________.The more _______, the more ________.The topic of ①________（主題）is becoming more and more popular recently.There are two sides of opinions of it.Some people say A is their favorite.They hold their view for the reason of ②________（支持A的理由一）What is more, ③________（理由二）.Moreover, ④________（理由三）.While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons.Firstly,________（支持B的理由一）.Secondly（besides）,⑥____________（理由二）.Thirdly（finally）,⑦__________（理由三）.From my point of view, I think ⑧________（我的觀點）.The reason is that ⑨____________（原因）.As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice.For me, the former is surely a wise choice.（2）給出一個觀點，要求考生反對或支持這一觀點

1．有一些人認為……

2．我也認為……/我不這么認為 3．我的看法……

Some people believe that ①________（觀點一）.For example, they think ②________（舉例說明）．And it will bring them ③________（為他們帶來的好處）.In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point.For one thing,④____（我不同意或同意該看法的理由一）.For another thing, ⑤____（同意或反對的理由

之二）． Form all what I have said, I agree to the thought that ⑥____（我對文章所討論主題的看法）．

（二）利弊型的議論文

Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over（the issue that）___作文題目______.In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __題目議題_____.Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows.Firstly, ___優(yōu)點一______.And secondly ___優(yōu)點二_____.Just As a popular saying goes, “every coin has two sides”, __討論議題______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects.To begin with, ___缺點一______.In addition, _缺點二______.To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __討論議題____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____討論議題___.（三）答題性議論文（提出解決方式或步驟）

Currently, there is a widespread concern over（the issue that）__作文題目_______.It is really an important concern to every one of us.As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem.First of all, __途徑一______.In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途徑二_____.Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文題目______, we should find a number of various ways.But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法_____.（四）諺語警句性議論文

It is well know to us that the proverb: “ ___諺語_______” has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study.It means ____諺語的含義_______.The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows.（also theoretically）

A case in point is ___例子一______.Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____諺語_____.With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____諺語_____.The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.

第三篇：大學英語四級考試-寫作篇

大學英語四級考試——寫作篇

（一）2004年初教育部高教司組織制定并在全國部分高校開始試點《大學英語課程教學要求（試行）》，《教學要求》規(guī)定，大學英語課程的教學目標是：培養(yǎng)學生的英語綜合應用能力，特別是聽說能力，使他們在今后工作和社會交往中能用英語有效地進行口頭和書面的信息交流。在《大學英語四、六級考試改革方案（試行）》中，寫作能力測試部分（Writing）比例為15%，其中題材包括議論文、說明文、應用文等。

? 命題趨勢

從題型上看，2000年之前，四級作文主要考議論文，從2000年起作文命題指導思想開始變化，開始考更能體現(xiàn)考生實力的記敘文、描寫文以及書信演講類應用文。自2000年1月至2006年6月十三次考試中除2006年1月“Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists?”2003年1月“It Pays to Be Honest”及2000年6月“Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary?”外，其他九次皆為 說明文、記敘描寫文或應用文。最后這兩類文章是考查考生英語表達基本功的最佳方式，因此近年來成為出現(xiàn)頻率最高的題型。

從題材上看，四級考試作文命題貼近大學生的學習和課余生活，反映社會變化、發(fā)展和進步。在平常的訓練中，論說文重點準備關(guān)于大學校園生活的話題，如學習生活、社會工作、兼職打工等；應用文重點在咨詢信、投訴信、介紹信、請求信、建議信、道歉信、邀請信等私人和公務信函以及開幕詞等致辭的寫法。

? 題材類型

四級考試作文出題形式包含有圖表類以及非圖表類兩大形式，其中非圖表類有：

（1）觀點論述題——提出明確個人觀點，并對已經(jīng)提出的觀點提供充分、符合邏輯的論據(jù)。常用句型表達有：

In my opinion??I ' m of the opinion that??I think??I argue for(against)??I have three main reasons for my opinion??

（2）不同物比較題——將兩物進行比較（compare）或?qū)φ?contrast),比較兩物/兩觀點的相同點，對照兩個方面的相異點。常用表達有：

Similarly??on the contrary??in contrast??contrary to??prefer A to B??

Compare with A??B has the following advantages??I like A more for the following reasons??

（3）不同觀點比較題 ——常用表達有：

Different people have different opinions??some people insist that?，while others maintain??

（4）信件

2002年6月的四級作文考了圖表題。進行此類作文時，考生切忌堆砌數(shù)據(jù)，而應對圖表進行準確地概括和描述后用更多的篇幅來揭示圖表的含義或分析其現(xiàn)象的原因。

? 寫作要求

《大學英語教學要求》規(guī)定，四級寫作的要求為：“能完成一般性寫作任務；能描述個人經(jīng)理、觀感、情感和發(fā)生的事件等；能寫常見的應用文；能就一般性話題或提綱在半小時內(nèi)寫出120個詞的短文，內(nèi)容基本完整，用詞恰當，語意連貫；能掌握基本的寫作技能。”英語四六級作文有四個基本考點：

1、切題-----所謂切題是指在形式上諸如段落、字數(shù)、文體、格式等方面滿足題目

要求，并在內(nèi)容上沒有偏差。

2、表達清楚、條理清晰------考查學生掌握文章結(jié)構(gòu)，明確文章主題觀點，有頭有尾，論證說明安排有主次，有輕重。

3、文字通順，連貫性較好----考查學生對過渡句和連接詞或詞組的掌握和運用，要求文章句子內(nèi)部與句子之間通順連貫，不突兀。

4、基本無語言錯誤----考查學生對言基本功的掌握，包括語法與拼寫兩部分。

考生在寫作中，應當做到：注重語法、評寫以及標點的正確使用，用詞恰當；遵循文章的特定文體格式，使體裁符合試題要求；合理組織文章結(jié)構(gòu)，以實現(xiàn)內(nèi)容的統(tǒng)一和連貫；根據(jù)寫作目的和特定讀者，選擇恰當?shù)恼Z言。

? 出題熱點

綜觀寫作題材的選擇，我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，出題熱點還是比較集中。以下是常見文章題材內(nèi)容：

1、方便------發(fā)明，計算機，網(wǎng)絡，快餐，新科技

Key words: convenience;convenient;bring us much convenience2、效率-------相對時間內(nèi)量最大

Key words: efficient;efficiency;save/waste time3、節(jié)省和浪費-----針對大學生生活習慣

Key words: diligent;economical;thrifty;save space;metro/subway/tube;

costly;time-consuming;lavish;

selfish;selfishness;conservative;isolated;improve;enrich4、心理精神健康------體育運動，生活習慣，室內(nèi)/室外運動

Key words: independence;dependant；cooperation;team spirit;compete;

creation;creative;tolerance;tolerant;

physical;psychological;mental;healthy;mentally unhealthy;

sociable;popular;party animal5、娛樂-----新發(fā)明

Key words:recreation;entertainment;relaxation;

amusement park;leisure time;kill the time;

pleasure, autonomous, tired6、環(huán)境

Key words:environment;pollution;poisonous;contaminated;separated wastes;recycle7、身體健康

Key words: disease;energetic;dynamic8、風險

Key words:risk;hazard;danger;threaten9、經(jīng)驗-----------諺語，抽象話題

Key words:social;sophisticated;skillful10、人道、正義、公平

Key words:humane;fair;justice;fair;help;love

大學英語四級考試——寫作篇

（二）命題作文按照要求，體裁基本可以分為觀點論證、利弊選擇、現(xiàn)象解釋、途徑點評以及應用文寫作這五類。各類體裁按照評分標準，各有其寫作技巧，考生在平時的訓練過程中應多注意培養(yǎng)針對不同體裁文章的寫作技巧和思路。

1． 觀點論證型

觀點論證型作文要求考生根據(jù)題目給出的論點，按照所給提綱的結(jié)構(gòu)要求對其進行論證，然后表明自己的立場和觀點，通過擺事實、講道理的方式論述事理，發(fā)表意見，確立或否定某一主張。

審題思路考生拿到作文題后首先應確立論證的主題、寫作結(jié)構(gòu)以及材料選擇與組織。寫作步驟

?

?

? 表明觀點，提出論點； 論證觀點，以事實和數(shù)據(jù)為依據(jù)例證論點； 得出結(jié)論或表明個人看法和做法。

基本模式

? 第一部分：總結(jié)描述，用一兩句話概括、描述當今社會存在的某種觀點，并做?

? 簡單的擴展——主題句+擴展句 第二部分：列出論據(jù)，說明觀點成立的理由——主題句+舉例 第三部分：表明自己的觀點并結(jié)束全文。結(jié)尾部分一定要總結(jié)自己的觀點。類型范例

Nowadays, ??is a common thing / has become more and more popular.For example, ??.There are different attitudes towards it.Some people believe that?? / some people have the idea that ??;while other people view differently, they contend that??.And some others??.In my opinion / As far as I am concerned / From my point of view, I prefer??.Personally speaking, I would rather??.As long as / With the development of??, we’ll certainly that?? in the end.2． 利弊選擇型

利弊選擇型作文要求考生能對一個論題的正反兩個方面加以闡述分析，進一步作出選擇，推導出自己認為合理的解決該問題的模式。

審題思路考生拿到作文題后首先應該確立協(xié)作主題、寫作結(jié)構(gòu)以及材料選擇與組織。寫作步驟

? 主題：分析問題事實存在是否有討論的必要性

?

?

? 開頭段：點明主題，指出爭論焦點 中心段1：闡述提綱中列舉的一種看法，給出理由或者舉例說明 結(jié)構(gòu)：主題句+理由/舉例1+理由/舉例2+理由/舉例3 中心段2：闡述提綱中列舉的另一種看法，給出理由或者舉例說明

結(jié)構(gòu)：主題句+理由/舉例1+理由/舉例2+理由/舉例3

? 結(jié)論段：表明自己的觀點，結(jié)束全文

類型范例

These days we often hear that??.It is common that??.People hold different views about??.Some people believe / have the idea that ??.They say that??.They point out that??.For example??.But on the contrary, other people disagree with them.They firmly believe that??.They argue that??.In my own opinion, the former / latter opinion holds more weight.For one thing, ??.For another, ??.Last but not the least, ??.3． 現(xiàn)象解釋型

現(xiàn)象解釋型作文要明確描述社會生活中存在的一種現(xiàn)象，要求考生根據(jù)自己的思考說明該現(xiàn)象所反映的社會問題，并且解釋該現(xiàn)象存在或發(fā)生的原因。

表述類型現(xiàn)象解釋型作文有兩種表述類型，其中包括文字描述型和圖表說明型?？忌玫阶魑念}，應就給出信息確立寫作主題、結(jié)構(gòu)以及材料的選擇和組織。

寫作步驟1 文字描述型可以將文章分為三段，指出現(xiàn)象；解釋原因；分析優(yōu)劣褒貶，最后明確主旨，并且給出建議。

?

?

? 第一部分：描述現(xiàn)象，引起話題； 第二部分：對現(xiàn)象進行細致分析，結(jié)實現(xiàn)象發(fā)生或變化的原因； 第三部分：針對現(xiàn)象做出評論，表明自己的態(tài)度、觀點或做法以及如何在日常

生活中有效發(fā)揮該現(xiàn)象的優(yōu)勢或避免不利的方面。

解釋、描述句型

（1）Everybody knows that?

（2）It is true that?

（3）

（4）

（5）

（6）One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is? The chief reason is that? To take?for an example? Among the most convincing reasons given, one should be mentioned?

（7）There are several causes for this significant growth in?：First?Secondly?

Finally?

（8）Different people observes it in different ways.寫作步驟2 圖表說明型是現(xiàn)象解釋性作文的變體。在此類作文中，題目提供的主題信息由圖表來呈現(xiàn)，表現(xiàn)某一現(xiàn)象的細節(jié)、變化或發(fā)展趨勢，要求考生對所給信息進行分析，然后描述，說明現(xiàn)象存在和變化的原因，預測發(fā)展趨勢，并且在此過程中闡述個人看法。

? 第一部分：描述圖表中數(shù)據(jù)的主要趨勢，對數(shù)據(jù)進行分析比較，總結(jié)歸納圖表? 內(nèi)容所呈現(xiàn)的主要特征； 第二部分：對現(xiàn)象和變化進行細致的分析，解釋現(xiàn)象發(fā)生或變化的原因；

? 第三部分：針對現(xiàn)象和變化做出結(jié)論。

圖表、描述句型

（1）It has increased by three times as compared with that of 1998.（2）There is an increase of 20% in total this year.（3）The table shows that it is decreased twice than that of the year 1996.（4）Compared with 1997, it fell from 15 to 10 percent.（5）The number is 5 times as much as that of 1995.（6）It has decreased almost two and half times, compare with?

類型范例

From the chart / graph / table / figure, we can clearly see that??.Obviously that??.In

my mind, there are three reasons can explain this phenomenon.To begin with / The main reason is??.What is more / In addition that??.Thirdly / Lastly / Apart from that??.As a result / In short??.Considering all these??.For one thing??.For another??.In conclusion / In brief / To sum up??.4． 途徑點評型

途徑方法型作文通過給出提示性文字或圖表提出（或反映）社會生活中存在的某一現(xiàn)實問題，要求考生指出問題的危害性或解決該問題的緊迫性。然后對問題進行分析，提出解決方案或應對措施，最后表明考生自己的態(tài)度和做法。

審題思路了解途徑方法類作文的特征，按照下列思路進行寫作：首先概述現(xiàn)狀，提出問題；其次分析和解決問題；最后總結(jié)全文或提出建議。

寫作步驟

? 明確所要討論的主題

?

? 開頭段：闡述為什么要討論該主題，其重要性以及作用 中心段1：分析主題討論問題的原因

? 中心段2：討論解決問題所必須的條件或具備的因素

? 結(jié)論段：得出結(jié)論，重申問題的重要性

或者從各個方面提出解決該問題的建議和方法

類型范例

With the improvement of??, there are??.For example, ??.So it is high time??.The reasons are: First / At first / To begin with??.Secondly / The second / In addition / Furthermore / Besides, ??.Lastly / Finally / Last but not least??.But how to??？In my opinion, I think / as far as I am concerned??.On the one hand??.On the other hand??.Therefore, I believe??.

第四篇：大學英語四級考試短文寫作

大學英語四級考試短文寫作

四項基本技能：聽、說、讀、寫

傳統(tǒng)上：聽和說、讀和寫

現(xiàn)在的新視角：聽和讀（input）、說和寫(output)

一． 四級英語評分標準

120個詞：（10句話）：每一段寫3－4句話，寫3個自然段

出題方式：命題作文、看圖畫或圖表作文，根據(jù)所給文章（中文或英文）寫出文章概要或大意，給出關(guān)鍵詞作文等。

二． 四級作文題型

（一）正反闡釋題

2000年6月

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary? The first sentence has already been written for you.You should write at least 120 words, and you should base your composition on the outline(given in Chinese)below:

1.很多人認為有必要舉行英語口語考試，理由是。。

2.也有人持不同意見。。

3.我的看法和打算

99年6月； 98年6月 97年6月； 96年6月；95年1月；05年12月； 06年12月

（二）闡釋原因、描述危害題

00年1月；99年1月；97年12月；01年1月

（三）永恒話題

97年1月

（四）寫一封信

01年6月；02年1月；03年6月（見證書）；04年1月；04年6月；05年1月；

05年6月

三． 四級作文評分原則

CET作文采用總體評分（Global Scoring）方法。閱卷人員就總的印象給出獎勵分（Reward Scores）,而不是按語言點的錯誤數(shù)目扣分。

1． 第一段要推敲

第二段看有沒有主題句，第一句就寫主題句

第三段總結(jié)

看作文就是看兩點：第一看組織結(jié)構(gòu)，第二看語言表達

2．檢查五個方面的語言錯誤：

1）檢查三個一致問題：主謂一致，時態(tài)一致，單復數(shù)一致

4）檢查拼寫錯誤

3．格式有2種：

（1）每一段縮進去4個字母，每一段之間不空行（傳統(tǒng)格式）

（2）每一段頂格寫，每一段之間空一行（流行格式）

4．評分標準：

11分――切題。表達思想清楚，文字連貫，但有少量語言錯誤。

14分――切題。表達思想清楚，文字通順，連貫性好?；緹o語言錯誤，僅有個

別小錯。

字數(shù)不足酌情扣分。

注：只寫一段者：0－4分；只寫兩段者：0－9分（按規(guī)定三段的作文）提供三點提

綱的作文

建議：無論提綱是幾點，都要寫到三段或四段

經(jīng)原國家教委批準，四、六級考試已從1997年6月份起采用“作文最低分”制計算成績，其中足見國家對提高大學英語寫作能力的重視程度。按規(guī)定，考生作文若為0分，無論其總分是否高于60分，均作不及格處理；若其作文分高于0分，低于6分，報成績時，需從總分中減去6分，再加上實得作文分。也就是說，要從總分中減去實得作文分與6分之間的差額部分。

四． 四級英語作文范文

1． Should Firecrackers Be Banned?

2． Do “Lucky Numbers” Really Bring Good Luck?

五． 主題句練習

1.確定以下主題句是否恰當。

Players on one team take turns batting, and the other team tries to put the batters out.The batter hits the ball and then tries to run around the bases and get “home” safely.The other team tries to put the batter out by catching the ball before it hits the ground, throwing the ball to the base before the batter gets there or by tagging the batter with the ball.The batter can stop at any one of the three bases if it is impossible to make it “home”.university you want to attend to get the necessary forms and information concerning that particular university’s entrance requirements.Then you must follow the steps outlined in their response.You will probably have to send copies of your high school diploma, get letters of recommendation, and write an essay on why you want to study there.You may have to achieve a certain score on the TOEFL test and have your scores forwarded to the university.Finally, you will have to contact the American embassy to start the procedures to obtain a student visa.refreshing swim.Then I walk along the beach and collect shells.Later you’ll find me relaxing in the warm sunshine and making sand castles.Then I sleep for a while before I open the basket of food and drinks that I always pack to take.those students can get to class on the bus.Many universities have a special shuttle bus that is provided for student transportation.Some students like to ride to class on bicycles.This is good exercise.Also, it is easier to find a space to leave a bicycle than to find a parking space for a can on a crowded university campus.Those students who live close to campus or on campus can enjoy a leisurely walk to their classes.2.寫出相應的主題句。

1．______________________________________________________________________.The white pages of an American telephone book give the phone numbers of residences.The blue pages contain the numbers of government offices, and the yellow pages have advertisements and business numbers.There are maps as well as indexes at the back of the book.The telephone books of larger cities ma provide separate books for different sections of the city, while those of small towns may have room to include the numbers from several towns all in one book.2.________________________________________________________________________.First, the fast-food restaurant is good for people who must have a quick bite because of a busy schedule.Second, the food is inexpensive yet tasty.A person can eat an enjoyable meal out and stay within a limited budget.Finally, the food is usually consistent.For example, a cheeseburger from a well-known fast-food restaurant looks and tastes about the same no matter where in the world it is purchased.Consequently, buyers know exactly what they are getting.3.選出不支撐主題句的例子。

1）Ways to get rid of hiccups

A.breathe into a paper bag

B.hold your breath to the count of 10

C.have someone frighten you

D.make an appointment with your doctor

2)Steps for planning a trip

A.purchasing a map

B.working late

C.making an itinerary

D.reserving a ticket

3)Reasons for car accidents

A.fast driving

B.drinking and driving

C.not following traffic regulations

D.giving signals

4)Advantages off small apartments

A.good school facilities

B.easy to clean

C.cheaper to furnish

D.relatively inexpensive

5)Characteristics of a good restaurant

A.efficient waiters

B.tasty food

C.jacket and tie required

D.pleasant atmosphere

第五篇：如何準備考研英語寫作考試

如何準備考研英語寫作考試？對于考研作文準備，這里有兩點建議：一是多積累，二是多動手。不少考生有這新的感受，當面對一個作文題時，覺得有話可說，可就是不知如何表達，其原因是頭腦中所掌握的句式太少。好的句式要從閱讀實踐中不斷吸收。有用的句式積累多了，表達就會更加自如。由于考研準備時間有不限，必須采取非常措施，以便盡快提高自己的應試水平，達到臨考最佳狀態(tài)。單純的題海戰(zhàn)術(shù)不可取，最好的辦法是多研究歷年的真題，多利用真題中的語言材料，通過消化吸收提高自己的應試水平和表達能力。譬如，語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯題中就有不少典型地道的英語句式和表達法；完形填空題可以學習謀局布篇和用詞；翻譯中的劃線句子多為復雜句、長句，更能為寫作所用；閱讀題中的評議材料更是取之不盡、用之不竭。另外，真題的難度也正好是與要求考生所要達到的水平相當，具有針對性。做題量不在多，關(guān)鍵在于做有心人，多多積累所見到的語言材料，反復背誦，才能把自己的努力體現(xiàn)到考試的最終得分上去。從現(xiàn)在做起，多一份積累，多一分信心，也就多一分勝算，不要漫無目標，茫茫然不知準備工作如何著手，最后什么也沒抓著。

“多動手”不僅僅指要多寫，更要在寫完之后多比較才能找差距。寫作文一定要寫真題的作文，寫完后與優(yōu)秀典型的范文進行比較和對照，檢查一下文章是否切題，行文是否連流暢，有無嚴懲的語法錯誤錯誤，是否包含提綱全部要點，用詞是否廣泛，句式是否有變化，練習時還要在35分鐘之內(nèi)限時完成，另外，更為有效的辦法是背范文，對范文中的詞語進行替換，句式進行改寫，把優(yōu)秀典型的范文譯成中文，過幾天后，再根據(jù)中文譯成英文，看是否與范文一致。這樣的練習進行幾次之后，讓自己都會驚喜。在學習范文的時候，內(nèi)容并不重要，要學習其結(jié)構(gòu)思路、語言表達，同時還要比較同一題型不同范文的寫法，譬如第一段如何寫，第二段，三段又如何寫。通過橫向的比較，對付這種題型的思路也就會自然而然地領(lǐng)會于心了。

如果考生有充分的時間，還可以參考本人編寫的《最新大學英語高分作文》，其中包括了歷年四、六級以及考研真題，還有熱門話題30篇。寫作佳句500例，均經(jīng)本人精心寫成和細心挑選。

語言的長城需要無數(shù)的巨石來堆砌，大家的智慧與艱辛一定會筑就勝利的輝煌！在此，本人衷心地祝愿大家今天斗志昂揚，明天夢想成真！