第一篇:學(xué)生如何做好高考英語任務(wù)型閱讀
如何做好高考英語任務(wù)型閱讀
學(xué)生如何做好高考英語任務(wù)型閱讀:只要學(xué)生在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中做一個(gè)有心人,掌握語言規(guī)則和解題技巧,那么任務(wù)型閱讀完全可以成為能夠拿到分的題型
任務(wù)型閱讀是高考英語試題中第二卷中的一種題型.分值為10分。高考成績(jī)的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)表明在這一項(xiàng)上,考生普遍失分較多。高考英語任務(wù)型閱讀是閱讀理解又一檢驗(yàn)形式,主要考查考生綜合語言的運(yùn)用能力。它是英語閱讀理解和完形填空的結(jié)合體,在掌握篇章表層含義的基礎(chǔ)之上,還要求對(duì)文章結(jié)構(gòu)框架的把握.考生不但要具備基本的英語詞匯知識(shí)。而且要能夠依據(jù)上下文的內(nèi)容,運(yùn)用邏輯判斷,正確填出任務(wù)型閱讀中的空白處。因而,任務(wù)型閱讀對(duì)考生的英語閱讀和對(duì)英語學(xué)科的感悟能力要求較高。也就是說,任務(wù)型閱讀不僅檢查考生的詞、句、篇的掌握,而且涉及考生綜合運(yùn)用英語語法的能力,所以說.這種題型是比較全面的考查.學(xué)生在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)過程中,要關(guān)注詞匯的使用,領(lǐng)悟篇章的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu),同時(shí)還要注意詞的搭配和語用知識(shí)。任務(wù)型閱讀的題型特點(diǎn)大致可以概括為下面兩點(diǎn) 1.考生在做英語閱讀題時(shí),常會(huì)犯如下錯(cuò)誤:?jiǎn)卧~的大小寫不分,詞性誤用,詞形缺乏變化,與文章框架相關(guān)的詞語使用錯(cuò)誤等。
2.全面考查考生的閱讀理解能力,同時(shí)兼顧英語基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的綜合運(yùn)用,尤其是篇章結(jié)構(gòu)框架的把握。要想提高此項(xiàng)的分值.應(yīng)該根據(jù)任務(wù)型閱讀自身的特點(diǎn)與規(guī)律,掌握特定的解題技巧和方法。如此,方能收到事半功倍的效果。
一、任務(wù)型閱讀題型的考查角度 l.單詞的大小寫
考生往往從文中便可直接找到答案,無需進(jìn)行詞性和詞形的轉(zhuǎn)化。但是如果沒有根據(jù)英文首字母要大寫的要求,或在特殊的上下文中。忽略字母的大小寫,便無法得到本應(yīng)該拿到的分?jǐn)?shù)。
2.詞性的變化
要依據(jù)特定的語境結(jié)合文中涉及的詞語.靈活地轉(zhuǎn)變?cè)~性。比如:動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)樾稳菰~,形容詞轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槊~,等等。
3.詞形的轉(zhuǎn)化
主要依據(jù)任務(wù)型閱讀提供的特殊框架,來敲定詞語的各種形式。例如:文中過去式需要在題目中使用現(xiàn)在時(shí),同時(shí)還要注意人稱和數(shù)的變化。
4.近義詞與反義詞的轉(zhuǎn)化
根據(jù)任務(wù)型閱讀題型中提供的已有信息.盡管文中也能發(fā)現(xiàn)相關(guān)的詞語.卻沒能依據(jù)特定的語境進(jìn)行必要的詞語的轉(zhuǎn)換,比如將肯定的語氣轉(zhuǎn)化為否定的形式等。
5.實(shí)現(xiàn)詞句的轉(zhuǎn)換
盡管文章無法一下子找到任務(wù)型閱讀題型中出現(xiàn)的答案,但是依據(jù)文章的上下文以及文中句子的解釋.則可以聯(lián)系掌握的英語基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),得出相應(yīng)的答案。
6.文章框架詞語的使用
注意文章的整體布局,理清句與句之間,段與段之間的內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系,反復(fù)閱讀文章,認(rèn)真思考,然后找出能代表篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的詞匯。
最后,卷面是否清潔也會(huì)影響到考生最終的得分。答案書寫要工整清晰.避免由于字跡潦草導(dǎo)致失分。完成題目后.一定要仔細(xì)的將答案帶入題中,結(jié)合文中提供的信息,認(rèn)真核對(duì),反復(fù)思考,確保絕不因?yàn)樽约旱拇中拇笠舛Х帧?/p>
二、任務(wù)型閱讀題型的解題思路
1.先認(rèn)真讀題,通過題目來了解文章的大致框架。做到在閱讀文章前.心中有數(shù),不會(huì)因?yàn)槲恼碌拈L(zhǎng)度或文中出現(xiàn)的生詞影響到自己對(duì)文章結(jié)構(gòu)的整體把握
2.利用快速閱讀策略做出判斷.自己理解的文章主旨是否與題目中的要求一致。在這一過程中,可以盡可能填出與文章大意相關(guān)的詞匯。
3.結(jié)合題目的基本模式,可以判斷出文章的行文特點(diǎn)。例如:說明文解決的是介紹某種物品或事物.其特征無外乎描述特征,闡述用途;議論性的文章主要提出一種觀點(diǎn)或一個(gè)問題.再利用一些論據(jù)來證明這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)正確與否或者來說明解決問題的途徑和方式。按照此種方法,可以仔細(xì)地從篇章的字里行間找到相互對(duì)應(yīng)的單詞或詞組,尤其要注意盡量使用文中現(xiàn)有的詞匯,不可脫離文章。
4.在發(fā)現(xiàn)答案有多種選擇時(shí),應(yīng)該從詞組的搭配和詞與詞的差別著手,深思熟慮,調(diào)動(dòng)平時(shí)積累的英語知識(shí),認(rèn)真比對(duì),做出最精確的選擇
5.任務(wù)型閱讀不僅是對(duì)英語單詞拼寫的簡(jiǎn)單檢查,而且是要求考生要結(jié)合上下文的特殊語境,綜合運(yùn)用語言知識(shí),甚至是學(xué)生自身具備的邏輯推理能力。因而,在具體的題型中,一定要慎重做題.切不可將文中現(xiàn)成的詞組拿來就用,必須有思維加工的過程
6.在解題過程中.不一定每次都按照它的序號(hào)來做題,因?yàn)橛袝r(shí)出題的順序與行文的先后不符,這就需要根據(jù)具體文章的特定框架來解題,先做第三或第五空,然后再完成第一或第二空.不要被它的題號(hào)所束縛。
7.在日常英語學(xué)習(xí)中.可以有意識(shí)、有目的的積累一些與文章框架相關(guān)的詞匯。例如:(dis)advantage,way,title,approach,summary,conclusion等。
任務(wù)型閱讀相對(duì)來說是一種新型的高考題型,它是閱讀理解和考生英語基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)考查的綜合。只要學(xué)生在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中做一個(gè)有心人,掌握語言規(guī)則和解題技巧,那么任務(wù)型閱讀完全可以成為能夠拿到分的題型。
歸納常用詞匯:
原因和結(jié)果:reason(for), result;cause(of), effect;consequence
異同點(diǎn)與優(yōu)缺點(diǎn):difference , similarity; advantage/benefit , disadvantage 功能 :function
觀點(diǎn)與態(tài)度:opinion , view(on/about), viewpoint , idea ;attitude to/towards 評(píng)論、評(píng)價(jià):comment(on), remark(on/upon), assessment
方式、方法:means , way , method(of);solution , approach(to doing sth.);take measures to do sth.目的:purpose , aim , goal 積極和消極:positive ,negative;optimistic 建議: advice [u] , suggestion , tip 概括、總結(jié): summary , conclusion 特點(diǎn): feature , characteristic 種類:kind , type , category , class
精神上與身體上:mentally,physically 影響 : influence , impact , effect(on)情形,狀況 : situation,condition 建立:build , create , establish , found 出現(xiàn):appear ,occur(red)實(shí)現(xiàn),完成:reach , realize , accomplish 必要,必需 : must /necessity 方面,項(xiàng)目條款:item / aspect 材料 : materials 知識(shí)消息:knowledge / information 日程計(jì)劃 : schedule / agenda 百分比:percentage 性別 :sex 年齡 : age
滿意 :satisfaction 憂慮,擔(dān) 憂,焦急 : concern
(不)熟悉 :familiar /unfamiliar 個(gè)人,個(gè)人的: individual 細(xì)節(jié) :description , detail 文化 : culture
責(zé)任 :(take)responsibility 貢獻(xiàn) :(make)contributions to
重要 : value importance significance 比較 : contrast comparison 時(shí)期 : period / time 存在 : existence exist 花費(fèi) : cost / expense 人口 : population
天氣與氣候 : weather[u] / climate [c] 位置 : location 主題 : the me 背景 : setting,background 情節(jié) : plot 高潮 : climax
結(jié)尾 :ending 反對(duì)者與支持者:supporter , opponent
轉(zhuǎn)換類常用句型:
1.100 years = 1 century = 10 decades 2.take advantage of = make use of
3.parental attention = with the help / aid / assistance of parents
4.oppose the move = be against the move = object to = disag ree with 5.consider … = take … into consideration / account 6.at the beginning = at first
7.be responsible for = take / shoulder / bear responsibility for
8.since the beginning of human evolution = throughout human history
9.Americans have been migrating south and west for decades in search of better job opportunities.= Americans have been migrating south and west for decades, seeking a better job./ searching /looking for a better job.10.housing-related reasons = reasons related / linked/relevant to / connected with housing
11.take an active part in = take part in sth.actively
12.encourage participation in quiet activities = encourage children to participate in / take part in/ play a role in quite activities
13.be hooked on headphones = be addicted to headphones 1 4.valuable information = information of great value 15.understand clearly = have a clear understanding of sth.16.affect = have an effect / influence / impact on sth.17.matter = count = be very important = be of importance = make sense = make a difference
18.kills sb.= sth.costs sb.sth.= claim one’s life 19.make an apology = apologize to sb.20.be over = end = put …to an end 21.despite = in spite of
22.share less than 2% = account for less than 2%= make up 23.online = on the Internet
24.learn good citizenship = learn to be good citizens
25.list the things that you are good at = list what / all yo u are good at 26.explain sth.= make an explanation
27.offer sth.to sb.= provide / supply sth.for sb.28.besides = on top of = in addition to = apart from 29.be better than = be superior to
30.approve of = subscribe to = be in favor / support of = favor sth.31.have access to = be acceptable / accessible / available to 32.stop = quit = give up
33.compensate for = make up for 34.in part = partly
35.every year = yearly = annually 36.use up = run out of(主動(dòng))
37.run out = give out = be used up(被動(dòng))38.be accused of = be charged with
39.most of the people = the majority of the people
40.cater to /for one’s needs / demands /requirements = satisfy / meet one’s ….41.starve to death = die of hunger/ starvation 42.be tired out = be worn out = be exhausted 43.socially responsible = social responsibility
44.sth.benefits sb.= be beneficial to sb.= be of benefit to = sb.benefits from sth.45.commit oneself to doing sth.= promise to do sth.46.make full use of = make the most of
第二篇:廣東英語高考任務(wù)型寫作10篇
(一)閱讀下面的短文,然后按照要求寫一篇150詞左右的英語短文。
Doctors say anger can be an extremely harmful emotion, unless you learn how to deal with it.They warn that angry feelings can lead to heart disease, stomach problems, headaches, emotional problems and possibly cancer.Anger is a normal emotion that we all feel from time to time.Some people express anger openly in a calm, reasonable way.Others burst with anger, losing control of themselves.But still other people control their anger.They cannot or will not express it.Recently some doctors have found that people who express anger too often and violently become, in fact, more and not less angry.This can cause medical problems.Some doctors say that both controlling and expressing anger can be dangerous.They believe that those who express anger strongly may be more likely to develop heart disease, and they believe that those who deep their anger inside may face a greater danger of high blood pressure.Doctors say the solution is learning how to deal with anger.They say the first step is to admit that you are angry and to recognize the real cause of the anger, then decide if the cause is serious enough to get angry about.If it is, they say, “Do not express your anger while angry.Wait until your anger has cooled down and you are able to express yourself calmly and reasonably.”
[寫作內(nèi)容]
1)概括短文的內(nèi)容要點(diǎn),該部分的字?jǐn)?shù)大約30詞左右;
2)就“要不要生氣”這個(gè)主題發(fā)表你的看法,至少包含以下的內(nèi)容要點(diǎn),該部分字?jǐn)?shù)大約120詞左右;
a)發(fā)脾氣不但不利于健康,而且對(duì)人際關(guān)系有影響; b)避免因誤解而造成的生氣; c)理性的對(duì)待別人的錯(cuò)誤。
[寫作要求]
你可以使用實(shí)例或其它論述方法支持你的論點(diǎn),也可以參照閱讀材料的內(nèi)容,但不要抄襲閱讀材料中的句子。
One possible version:
Doctors say anger can lead to serious diseases like heart disease, stomach problems, headaches, emotional problems and even cancer.Both controlling anger and express anger strongly can be harmful to your health.As we know, getting angry not only does harm to one’s health but also has a bad effect on the relationship between people.Sometimes expressing anger too strongly can lead to severe results.However, in many cases, anger may be avoided if we can understand each other better.For instance, someone may have done something about which you are very angry, but in fact he/she meant no harm.So it is quite unnecessary for you to get angry.If someone does do some wrong, try to put yourself in his/her position and understand him/her.If you find it really necessary to express to anger, try to do it in a calm, reasonable way.Remember losing your temper does good to neither you nor the other person.(二)
閱讀下面的短文,然后按照要求寫一篇150詞左右的英語短文。
People used to say, “The hand that rocks the cradle rules the world.” and “Behind every successful man there is a woman.”
Both these sayings mean the same thing.Men rule the world, but their mothers and wives rule them.Most American women wish to make their husbands and sons successful, but some of them want more for themselves.They want good jobs.When they work they want to be better paid.They want to be as successful as men.The American women’s liberation movement was started by women who didn’t want to stand behind successful men.They wanted to stand beside men,with the same chance for success.They refused to work side by side with men who did the same work for a higher pay.This movement is quite new, and many American women don’t agree yet.But it has already made some important changes in women’s lives-in men’s lives, too.Liberated women are proud of being a woman and have confidence in themselves.More and more women are holding important positions in companies, institutions and the government.More people than ever have realized that women deserve as much respect as men.[寫作內(nèi)容]
1)概括短文的內(nèi)容要點(diǎn),該部分的字?jǐn)?shù)大約30詞左右;
2)就“男女平等”這個(gè)主題發(fā)表你的看法,至少包含以下的內(nèi)容要點(diǎn),該部分字?jǐn)?shù)大約120詞左右;
a)婦女在家庭和社會(huì)中的地位的今與昔; b)婦女的貢獻(xiàn),婦女應(yīng)該受到尊重; c)你認(rèn)為怎樣才能實(shí)現(xiàn)真正的男女平等。
[寫作要求] 你可以使用實(shí)例或其它論述方法支持你的論點(diǎn),也可以參照閱讀材料的內(nèi)容,但不要抄襲閱讀材料中的句子。
One possible version:
With the women’s liberation movement carried out, American women now enjoy a better situation in both their families and the society.What they have done proves women deserve as much respect as men.Women in the world have long been treated unjustly.They were limited in their homes could not share equal rights with men.Now the situation has improved greatly, but they are still not treated equally as men.And this is a worldwide problem.Considering the contribution women do to their families and the society, women should be given as much respect and as many opportunities.They should be paid as much as men if they do the same job.Men should always remember that their mothers are women too and give up the belief t
hat men should have some privilege.On the other hand, women should make themselves more able, be more self-confident and more active.I believe the day will come when women enjoy real equality with men.(三)
閱讀下面的短文,然后按照要求寫一篇150詞左右的英語短文。
A new study shows that fat people in the United States suffer direct economic(經(jīng)濟(jì)的)and social effects because of their size.The findings are from an 8 – year study of about 100,000 people.The people studied were between the ages of 16 and 24 when the research began.The researchers who carried out the study say they consider the people fat if they are in the top of 5% of the measurement in which weight is connected with height.For example, fat women in the study were about 160 centimeters tall and weighed about 90 kilograms.Fat men in the study were about 175 centimeters tall and weighed 100 kilograms.The researchers say that more than 1,000,000 Americans are that big.The researchers found that fat young women were more likely to lose social and economic power even if they were form wealthy families.The fat women also were 20% less likely to get married and they earned an average of about $6,700 a year less than other women.The study showed less severe effect on fat men.They earned an average of about $3,000 a year less than other men.Fat men also were 11% less likely to get married.[寫作內(nèi)容]
1)概括短文的內(nèi)容要點(diǎn),該部分的字?jǐn)?shù)大約30詞左右;
2)就“肥胖引起的問題”這個(gè)主題發(fā)表你的看法,至少包含以下的內(nèi)容要點(diǎn),該部分的字?jǐn)?shù)大約120詞左右;
a)簡(jiǎn)介中國(guó)的肥胖人群面臨的問題; b)你認(rèn)為人們應(yīng)如何避免過于肥胖; c)你認(rèn)為應(yīng)該怎樣對(duì)待肥胖人群。
[寫作要求]
你可以使用實(shí)例或其它論述方法支持你的論點(diǎn),也可以參照閱讀材料的內(nèi)容,但不要抄襲閱讀材料中的句子。
One possible version:
A recent report says there are over a million fat people in the US.Fat people meet a series of problems in their life.They are less likely to get married and are badly paid when they work.In China this problem is also getting worse and worse.The living standard of the Chinese people has greatly improved in the last two decades.Meanwhile more and more people, especially children, are getting too fat.Fat people in China are faced with many problems in their life.They receive discrimination from the society.They find it more difficult to find work than ordinary people and are worse paid when they work.In order to reduce the number of fat people, I think people, including children, should keep living an active life, having a healthy diet and exercise more.On the other hand, fat people should be treated with full respect and as equally as any human being in the society.(四)
閱讀下面的短文,然后按照要求寫一篇150詞左右的英語短文。
The motor vehicle has killed and disabled more people in its brief history than any bomb or weapon ever invented.Much of the blood on the street flows essentially from uncivil behavior of drivers who refuse to respect the legal and moral rights of others.So the killing on the road may be regarded as a social problem.In fact, the enemies of society on wheels are rather harmless people, just ordinary people acting carelessly, you might say.But carelessness is no excuse when one’s actions could bring death or damage to others.A minority of the killers go even beyond carelessness to total negligence(疏忽).Researchers have estimated that as many as 80 per cent of all automobile accidents are caused due to the psychological(心理的)condition of the driver.Emotional upsets can slow drivers’ judgment and reactions, and blind them to
dangers that might otherwise be evident.The experts warn that it is important for every driver to make an effort to keep one’s emotions under control.Yet drivers are not the only people to blame for road accidents.Street walkers regularly break traffic regulations, they are at fault in most vehicle walker accidents;and many cyclists even believe that they need not follow the basic rules of the road.[寫作內(nèi)容]
1)概括短文的內(nèi)容要點(diǎn),該部分的字?jǐn)?shù)大約30詞左右;
2)就“如何減少交通事故”這個(gè)主題發(fā)表你的看法,至少包含以下的內(nèi)容要點(diǎn),該部分字?jǐn)?shù)大約120詞左右;
a)交通事故造成的生命財(cái)產(chǎn)的損失;
b)人們應(yīng)做出什么努力來減少交通事故的發(fā)生; c)政府應(yīng)采取什么措施來減少交通事故的發(fā)生。
[寫作要求] 你可以使用實(shí)例或其它論述方法支持你的論點(diǎn),也可以參照閱讀材料的內(nèi)容,但不要抄襲閱讀材料中的句子。
One possible version:
Every year an amazingly large number of people die or become disabled because of traffic accidents, most of which are caused by drivers with bad psychological condition.In some cases street walkers and cyclists are also to blame.Traffic accidents cause great losses of lives as well as property and bring people a lot of sufferings.But many accidents could have been avoided if people pay more attention to safety.I think road users should tell themselves again and again to be aware of dangers on the road.Drivers must realize that they will become a killer if they are careless in driving.They should learn to control their emotion while driving and keep themselves away from drunken driving.Walkers and cyclists should keep safety in mind and strictly follow traffic rules.The government should educate the public to guard against road accidents and make strict regulations of road safety for people to follow.(五)
閱讀下面的短文,然后按照要求寫一篇150詞左右的英語短文。
You may think birthdays mean only cake, presents, and a sweet song--“Happy Birthday”.However, there are many varieties of birthday celebrations.In the West, many birthday traditions come from an ancient belief that bad spirits showed up on a person's birthday.To drive troublemaking spirits away, friends would visit each other on their birthdays.Today, people still get together for birthday parties.But around the world, birthdays are celebrated in many different ways.In eastern Canada, children get their noses covered with butter on their birthdays.The butter is supposed to make children too slippery for bad luck to stick to them.Irish people lift birthday children upside down and hit them lightly on the floor for every year of their age.Mexico also has a unique birthday tradition.A paper-made animal is filled with candy and toys and hung from the ceiling.The birthday child with his eyes covered then tries to hit the animal with a stick until it bursts open.[寫作內(nèi)容] 1)以約30詞概括短文的要點(diǎn);
2)就“生日”為主題寫一篇短文,至少包含以下的內(nèi)容要點(diǎn),該部分的字?jǐn)?shù)大約120詞左右:
a)你通常怎樣慶祝你的生日; b)介紹一次令你難忘的生日經(jīng)歷。
[寫作要求] 1.作文中可以使用自己的親身經(jīng)歷或虛構(gòu)故事,也可以參照閱讀材料的內(nèi)容,但不得直接引用原文中的句子。
2.作文中不能出現(xiàn)真實(shí)姓名和學(xué)校名稱。[評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)] 概括準(zhǔn)確,語言規(guī)范,內(nèi)容合適,篇章連貫。
(六)閱讀下面的短文,然后按照要求寫一篇150詞左右的英語短文。
The generation gap between students and their teachers is becoming more significant with only 3.3 percent out of a survey group of 1,000 students from 30 key middle schools in the city saying they would be willing to tell their teachers of their inner thoughts.In today’s educational environment, teachers are positioned to be the authority figure for learning instead of becoming good friends in the life of students.As only students with good marks in exams are considered the “apples in the eyes” of the teachers, most students think their teachers to be partial(偏心).“I feel sad to hear such remarks,” said Yu Yi, a well-known special-class teacher.She recalled that in the past, teachers and students would play basketball together or comment on novels while sitting on the grass during a break.But today, study and good marks are the only topics of conversation between students and teachers.“Schools are not only the place where knowledge is imparted(傳授), but also where students are taught how to be an upright person,” Yu said.“The success of a person is not merely determined by intelligence but also by emotional state.”
Yang Xiong, director of the Juvenile Research Institute, said the educational system which focuses on examinations should be held to be substantially responsible.寫作內(nèi)容
1.以約30個(gè)詞概括學(xué)生不愿告訴老師內(nèi)心想法的原因;
2.以約120個(gè)詞就“現(xiàn)代師生關(guān)系”這個(gè)主題發(fā)表你的看法,包括如下要點(diǎn):(1)你是否愿意告訴老師你內(nèi)心的想法,為什么?
(2)你希望你與你的老師之間的關(guān)系是怎樣的?如何才能建立這種關(guān)系?
寫作要求
1.可以使用實(shí)例或其他論述方法支持你的論點(diǎn),也可以參照閱讀材料的內(nèi)容,但不得直接引用原文中的句子; 2.標(biāo)題自定;
3.文中不能出現(xiàn)考生的真實(shí)姓名和學(xué)校名稱。
(七)閱讀下面的短文,然后按照要求寫一篇150詞左右的英語短文。
My Home Tutor Two years ago, I went through quite hard a time with my writing.Essays and papers were really great obstacles lying on my way to my high-school graduate certificate.It was at that time that it struck me that I might have a tutor.And that’s how the girl named Grace came into my life.She taught me for fun, and for free!Grace was younger than me(believe it or not), who took various activities to fulfill her social experience.In spite of the fact that she had just started her high school, she was very academic, particularly good at writing--my suffering!I enjoyed talking with her twice a week.It is from her that I know so many customs in the US---how wealthy students in our college spent their life and consumed money;how to do my presentation and teamwork;how to progress and how to build up a healthy learning habit.Thanks to God for bringing Grace to help me!Maybe what she told me to fulfill our life is more precious than academic knowledge.[寫作內(nèi)容] 1.以約30個(gè)詞概括短文的要點(diǎn) ;
2.然后以約120個(gè)詞談?wù)勀銓?duì)“學(xué)生請(qǐng)家教”的看法,內(nèi)容包括:
(1)當(dāng)你成績(jī)下滑或?qū)W習(xí)不佳的時(shí)候,你是否請(qǐng)過家教?請(qǐng)簡(jiǎn)單談?wù)勀愕淖龇ɑ驊?yīng)對(duì)措施;
(2)你周圍的同學(xué)請(qǐng)家教的人多嗎?效果如何?
(3)你認(rèn)為學(xué)習(xí)不好請(qǐng)家教有必要嗎?請(qǐng)說說你的看法。[寫作要求] 1.在作文中可以使用自己親身的經(jīng)歷或虛構(gòu)的故事,也可以參照閱讀材料的內(nèi)容但不得直接引用原文中的句子;
2.作文中不能出現(xiàn)真實(shí)姓名和學(xué)校名稱。[評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)]
概括準(zhǔn)確,語言規(guī)范,內(nèi)容合適,篇章連貫
(八)閱讀下面的短文,然后按照要求寫一篇150詞左右的英語短文。
In addition to teaching here, I also teach at a smaller high school 17 miles down the freeway from where I live.One day a few weeks ago I was driving to that school when my car broke down just after I exited the freeway.I was only about a quarter of a mile away from the school so I grabbed my books, and started walking.“ ”As soon as I got there I called a repairman to meet me at my car after class.One of my colleagues asked me what had happened.'This is my lucky day,' I replied, smiling.“ ” 'Your car breaks down and today is your lucky day?' She was puzzled.'What do you mean?'“
” I live 17 miles from here.' I replied.“My car could have broken down anywhere along the freeway.It didn't.Instead, it broke down in the perfect place: off the freeway, within walking distance of here.I'm still able to teach my class, and I've been able to arrange for the repairman to meet me after class.If my car was meant to break down today, it couldn't have been arranged in a more convenient fashion." I once read somewhere before that every morning when you get up, you have a choice about how you want to approach life that day.And this is what I choose---to be cheerful.[寫作內(nèi)容] 最近你經(jīng)常感覺學(xué)習(xí)壓力非常大。假設(shè)上文是你的外籍老師今天在課堂上所講述的自己的親身經(jīng)歷。你準(zhǔn)備在今天的日記中表達(dá)自己的感受。以下是日記的內(nèi)容(日記的開頭已為你寫好):
1.以約30個(gè)詞概括老師所講述的這個(gè)故事的內(nèi)涵; 2.以約120個(gè)詞表達(dá)你內(nèi)心的感受,并包括如下要點(diǎn):(1)你聽完這個(gè)故事的感受;
(2)在你成長(zhǎng)過程中你自己或他人用積極的態(tài)度去面對(duì)問題的某個(gè)經(jīng)歷;
(3)激勵(lì)你自己正確面對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)壓力。[寫作要求] 1.作文中可使用自己的親身經(jīng)歷或虛構(gòu)的故事,也可以參照閱讀材料的內(nèi)容但不得直接
引用原文中的句子;
2.信中不能出現(xiàn)真實(shí)姓名和學(xué)校名稱。
[評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)] 概括準(zhǔn)確,語言規(guī)范,內(nèi)容合適,篇章連貫。
Saturday, Dec.22nd, 2007 Dear Diary,Today in class my teacher told us a story that really helped me deal with the pressures I often feel in my studies.…
(九)閱讀下面的短文,然后按照要求寫一篇150詞左右的英語短文。
Learning to study is not difficult.The first thing to remember is that you must be willing to learn.It doesn't mean that you must always like the subject.It does mean, however, that you must be willing to learn whatever is necessary.Try to understand why it is important and how it will help you now and later.Knowing mathematical facts will be useful in your whole life.Knowing how to spell words makes any kind of writing easier.Sometimes the subject that you think is going to be uninteresting will be attractive when you begin to work on it.Learning things can be fun if you can try your best.Here's some advice for you.Have a certain time each day and a quiet place with good lighting for study, so that you can concentrate on your study without
interruptions.Have everything ready before you sit down to study, a dictionary, paper, a pen and books.Be sure you understand what you should learn before you start.Read carefully and pay special attention to the most important things.When memorizing, find out the main parts and then recite the whole thing.Check your homework after you finish it.Never forget the importance of review and preview.[寫作內(nèi)容] 1.概括短文內(nèi)容要點(diǎn),該部分詞數(shù)大約30詞;
2.就“想學(xué)就能學(xué)好”這個(gè)主題發(fā)表你的看法,至少包括以下內(nèi)容要點(diǎn),該部分的詞數(shù)120詞左右:
a.以親身經(jīng)歷說明只有想學(xué)才能學(xué)好這個(gè)道理; b.學(xué)習(xí)本身就是樂趣; c.要有良好的學(xué)習(xí)方法; d.學(xué)習(xí)并不是難事。[寫作要求] 1.作文中可使用自己的親身經(jīng)歷或虛構(gòu)的故事,也可以參照閱讀材料的內(nèi)容但不得直接引用原文中的句子;
2.信中不能出現(xiàn)真實(shí)姓名和學(xué)校名稱。[評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)] 概括準(zhǔn)確,語言規(guī)范,內(nèi)容合適,篇章連貫。
(十)閱讀下面的短文,然后按照要求寫一篇150詞左右的英語短文。
Owing to the traditional Grammar-focused, teacher-centered and test-based classes in China, English is thought to be something dry and abstract or a subject similar to any other subject that the students are learning.What the students need to do at class is just to concentrate their attention on the teacher’s lecture, which always focuses on vocabulary and grammar explanation.As a result, many students can’t open their mouths to speak English despite they have learned English for several years.A national survey in 15 provinces and cities by the State Education Commission in 1986 revealed that most middle-school leavers found it hard to communicate even in simple English after spending 900 hours in English class.(1)With China’s entry to WTO, English is becoming a hit in China.As is reported, nearly 100 million Chinese elementary and secondary school students, apart from English learners from other walks of life, are learning English.In line with China’s entry to WTO, the reforming of educational system in China is progressing with times and the tendency of quality-oriented education is taking the lead.Foreign languages are important tools that people use to take in fruit of foreign civilizations and communicate for international co-operation.It is an indispensable basic skill for modern humans.(2)So the purpose of learning English is to use it.In another word, English should be a tool that people use to communicate.The purpose of English teaching is to help foster an ability of making use of language knowledge and technique.It is an urgent task to find an efficient teaching method for English.[寫作內(nèi)容] 1)概括短文的內(nèi)容要點(diǎn),該部分的字?jǐn)?shù)大約60詞左右;
2)就“a teacher centered class or a student centered class”這個(gè)主題發(fā)表你的看法,至少包含以下的內(nèi)容要點(diǎn),該部分的字?jǐn)?shù)大約90詞左右; a)以英語學(xué)習(xí)為例,可以簡(jiǎn)述你學(xué)習(xí)過程中的課堂模式;
b)你是如何看待a teacher centered class 或者a student centered class,簡(jiǎn)述兩個(gè)課堂模式的特點(diǎn);
c)你希望的課堂模式是怎樣的,列舉觀點(diǎn)支持你的看法。[寫作要求] 你可以使用實(shí)例或其它論述方法支持你的論點(diǎn),也可以參照閱讀材料的內(nèi)容,但不要抄襲閱讀材料中的句子。
第三篇:2012高考英語任務(wù)型閱讀高頻率單詞
高考英語任務(wù)型閱讀高頻率單詞
一.名詞(可數(shù)名詞或以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn))cause 原因
effect結(jié)果,影響,效果 process過程 process過程
consequence結(jié)局,后果 development進(jìn)展.發(fā)展 process過程 clue線索
evidence證據(jù),物證 instruction說明,指令,指示 connection聯(lián)系,連接
conclusion結(jié)論 judgement判斷(力)proof證據(jù),證明
analysis分析
explanation解釋,說明
comparison比較 example例子 sample樣品 point論點(diǎn),要點(diǎn) focus焦點(diǎn)
argument議論,論據(jù),理由 solution解決辦法,答案 description描述 fact事實(shí)
reason理由 excuse借口 procedure程序,手續(xù) step步驟 method(way)方法 measure措施 means方法,手段,工具 program(me)節(jié)目單,議程,計(jì)劃日程 progress進(jìn)步 proposal提議,建議 suggestion建議 proportion比例 part組成部分,零件 message口信,短信,旨意 information信息,消息 material材料,素材 detail細(xì)節(jié),詳情 purpose目的,意圖 goal目的,目標(biāo)
advantage優(yōu)勢(shì),長(zhǎng)處,有利條件 disadvantage不利條件 equipmen設(shè)備instrument器材 situation形勢(shì),局勢(shì) condition條件,狀況,形勢(shì) view觀點(diǎn),見解 attitude態(tài)度
destination目的地 route路線,航線 course過程,經(jīng)過.課程 subject科目,學(xué)科 direction方向
directions用法,指示,說明書tips提示,建議
number數(shù)目
figure數(shù)字,形狀,圖形
organization組織
structure結(jié)構(gòu),構(gòu)造
function功能
principle原理,原則
institute團(tuán)體,機(jī)構(gòu)
announcement通知,公告
features特征
measurement計(jì)量
state狀態(tài),形態(tài)
shape形態(tài)
size大小,尺寸,型號(hào)
height高度
weight重量
length長(zhǎng)度
width寬度
depth深度
amount(quantity)數(shù)量
quality質(zhì)量
type, variety,sort,kind類型,種類
form形式
style風(fēng)格,款式,式樣
businessman商人
manager經(jīng)理
nationality民族,國(guó)籍 sex性別
male男性
female女性
occupation(job)職業(yè),工作
profession職業(yè)
address地址
location位置,場(chǎng)所,方位
position位置,方位,地位,身份,職位
staff職員
scene場(chǎng)面,現(xiàn)場(chǎng)
spot場(chǎng)所,地點(diǎn)
climate氣候
surroundings周圍環(huán)境
scenery風(fēng)景,景色
landscape風(fēng)景,地貌
interests興趣
hobbies業(yè)余愛好
preference偏愛(物),喜好
sense感覺,感受,意識(shí)
feeling感覺,感情
affection情感,愛情
emotion情緒,情感
passion激情,熱情
expectation期待,希望
intention意圖,打算
action動(dòng)作,行動(dòng)
behaviour舉止,行為,習(xí)慣
nature自然,天性,本性,性質(zhì)character性格
characteristic特征
memories回憶,往事
degree度數(shù),程度,等級(jí)學(xué)位 grade年級(jí),成績(jī),評(píng)語
mark分?jǐn)?shù),成績(jī)
content內(nèi)容,目錄
items項(xiàng)目,條目
experience經(jīng)歷,經(jīng)驗(yàn)
times(ages)時(shí)代,時(shí)期
period(一段)時(shí)期,時(shí)間
partner合作者,伙伴
relative親戚,親屬
courage勇氣,膽量
pressure壓力
discouragement灰心,氣餒
discovery發(fā)現(xiàn),被發(fā)現(xiàn)之事 supplies供應(yīng)(品)
offers提供,出價(jià) income收入
expense開支,開銷,花費(fèi) export(s)出口(商品)
import(s)進(jìn)口(商品)rate稅率,費(fèi)率
tax稅 price價(jià)格
cost(s)代價(jià),價(jià)格,成本 profit利潤(rùn)
loss虧損
product產(chǎn)品,產(chǎn)量
production生產(chǎn),產(chǎn)品 consumption消費(fèi)
consumer消費(fèi)者 customer顧客
complainant投訴者 demand 要求 complaints 投訴 conflict 沖突,矛盾 settlement 解決 treatment 處理,治療 events重大事件
influence影響(力)
significance意義
achievement成就 difference差異
similarity相似,相同 agreement意義一致
disagreement分歧
usage用法
caution注意(事項(xiàng))
demand要求
reply回答,回復(fù) ability能力 possibility可能性 attempt嘗試 experiment試驗(yàn) average平均數(shù) total總計(jì),總數(shù) speed速度 frequency頻率 disaster災(zāi)難 survivor幸存者 rescue營(yíng)救,救助 prevention預(yù)防(方案)damages損失,損害 deaths死亡(事例)flood洪水,水災(zāi) drought旱災(zāi) population 人口 employment就業(yè)
unemployment失業(yè),失業(yè)率,失業(yè)人數(shù) survey調(diào)查 data數(shù)據(jù),資料 strategy策略 policy政策
applicant申請(qǐng)者,應(yīng)征者,志愿者 volunteer志愿者,自愿參加者 organizer組織者 participant參與者 tradition傳統(tǒng) religion宗教 stage階段,舞臺(tái) level水平fault缺點(diǎn),毛病 feature特征
range范圍,(價(jià)格,氣溫等變化)幅度
subhealthy 亞健康 resources 資源
source
源頭,來源,出處 reaction 反應(yīng)
二、動(dòng)詞(或以動(dòng)名詞,過去式形式出現(xiàn))increase增加 decrease降低,下降 reduce減少
remove除掉,移去,轉(zhuǎn)移 absorb吸收 release釋放 measure測(cè)量 weigh稱......(重)sort 分類
rise上升 drop下降 win取勝,贏
lose失去,輸?shù)?比賽等)attract吸引 imagine想象 rebuilt重建 invent發(fā)明 discovery 發(fā)現(xiàn) create創(chuàng)造 found建立,成立 form形成,養(yǎng)成 develop培養(yǎng),開發(fā) change改變 reform改革 cover覆蓋,采訪,涵蓋 record記錄 break破壞,打破 destroy破壞,毀掉 damage損壞 ruin毀滅 spread傳播,擴(kuò)散 broadcast廣播 inform通知 announce宣布,通報(bào) expand擴(kuò)展,擴(kuò)大 strengthen加強(qiáng) settle 解決,平息
三.形容詞/副詞 successful成功的 satisfied滿意的 disappointed失望的
essential基本的,不可或缺的,重要的 natural自然的 man-made人造的 artificial人工的,人造的 imaginary想象的 considerable可考慮的 considerate體貼的 possible可能的 potential潛在的 positive積極的,正面的 negative消極的負(fù)面的 wide寬的 broad寬闊的 narrow窄的
physical身體的,體力的 mental精神的,心理的 physically在身體方面, mentally從身體上,在精神(心理)上 healthy健康的 disabled殘疾的 terrible可怕的
horrible恐怖的,可怕的 surprising令人驚訝的 astonishing令人吃驚的 amazed感到驚訝的 scared害怕的
nervous(upset)緊張的(不安定)comfortable舒適的 relaxed放松的 miserable悲慘的 lovely可愛的 naughty淘氣的,頑皮的 accessible(easygoing)容易相處的,平易近人的 arbitrary固執(zhí)的,武斷的 ancient古代的 modern現(xiàn)代的 cultural文化的 historical歷史的 national全國(guó)性的 personal個(gè)人的 private私人的,私立的 public公共的
convenient方便的,便捷的 available可利用的,有空的,可得到的
extremely及其,非常 frequently經(jīng)常,頻繁地 strictly嚴(yán)格地
fiercely劇烈地
cautiously小心地,謹(jǐn)慎地 casually隨意地,不拘小節(jié)地 home 家,國(guó)內(nèi) abroad 國(guó)外 optimistic樂觀的 pessimistic悲觀的
permanent 永久的,不變的 temporary 臨時(shí)的,暫時(shí)的 regular 固定的,定期的
四、短語詞匯
travel agent 旅行代理人 travel agency 旅行社
employment agency 職業(yè)介紹所
advertising agent廣告代理商 possible solutions 可能的解決辦法
application form 申請(qǐng)表 mental disorder 精神錯(cuò)亂 mental trouble/problem 心理障礙
crime rates 犯罪率 public opinion 輿論 a speed limit 速度限制 financial/economic crisis 金融/經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī) economic growth 經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng) national economy 國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì) economic stimulus bill經(jīng)濟(jì)刺激方案
essential qualification 必備的資格
reasonable price合理的價(jià)格 attractive price 誘人的價(jià)格 issue price 發(fā)行價(jià)格
promotion ambassador 形象大使
promotion campaign 推廣活動(dòng),促銷活動(dòng)
traditional activities 傳統(tǒng)活動(dòng) tip-top talent 拔尖人才 talents exchange 人才交流 talent bank/ brain bank 人才庫 reserve of talents人才儲(chǔ)備 brain drain 人才流失
the personnel market 人才市場(chǎng) on-the-job training 崗位培訓(xùn) white heat 白熱化 white paper 白皮書
the global economic slowdown 全球經(jīng)濟(jì)下滑/放緩
issue of common concern共同關(guān)心的問題
space tourism 太空游
junk e-mail 垃圾郵件 anti-virus software 防病毒軟件 separate waste collection 垃圾分類收集
cheer-leader / rooter king 拉拉隊(duì)長(zhǎng)
marathon campaign 馬拉松式競(jìng)選活動(dòng)
refugee camp 難民營(yíng)
engage in writing 爬格子,潛心寫作
recycled paper 再生環(huán)保紙 instant food;convenience food 方便食品
environment-friendly battery 環(huán)保電池
environment-friendly car環(huán)保汽車
chief justice 大法官 visiting scholar 訪問學(xué)者 job hunter 求職者
attached middle school附屬中學(xué)
white agriculture 白色農(nóng)業(yè) disaster-affected area受災(zāi)地區(qū) accompanying satellite 伴飛衛(wèi)星
return satellite返回式衛(wèi)星
air defense force防空部隊(duì) sample survey 抽樣調(diào)查 viewing rate 收視率 coverage rate 覆蓋率 regional cooperation 區(qū)域合作 geological disaster 地質(zhì)災(zāi)害 generation gap 代溝 mouse potato 電腦迷 electronic pet 電子寵物 electric
currency;
=electric
money電子貨幣
electronic commerce;e-business;e-commerce電子商務(wù) cultural diversity 文化多樣性 biological diversity 生物多樣性 source of the information 消息來源
radiation treatment 放療 I smell a rat.感到不妙 sense of personal achievement 個(gè)人成就感
wait-and-see attitude觀望態(tài)度 business forecasting商業(yè)預(yù)測(cè) summit conference首腦會(huì)議
第四篇:英語任務(wù)型教學(xué)
英語任務(wù)型教學(xué)
通過對(duì)英語課堂的多樣性設(shè)計(jì)包括拼圖任務(wù)、信息差任務(wù)、比較任務(wù)等任務(wù)型教學(xué)方式,加強(qiáng)語言交際運(yùn)用的過程,充分體現(xiàn)語言的交際本質(zhì)。摒棄單一的、陳舊的教學(xué)組織形式。培養(yǎng)以學(xué)生為主體及學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)用語言的教學(xué)方式,使每個(gè)學(xué)生都可以得到最大限度的發(fā)展。
國(guó)家《英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》中明確指出:提倡任務(wù)型語言教學(xué)途徑。在最新的英語教材《Go for it》教材中涌現(xiàn)出大量的任務(wù),在任務(wù)型語言教學(xué)中,教師如何進(jìn)行任務(wù)的設(shè)計(jì)是教學(xué)的重點(diǎn)。
一、任務(wù)設(shè)計(jì)的理論基礎(chǔ):
(一)任務(wù)型語言教學(xué)的概念
所謂任務(wù)型語言教學(xué),就是直接通過課堂教學(xué)讓學(xué)生用英語完成各種真實(shí)的生活、學(xué)習(xí)、工作等任務(wù),將課堂教學(xué)的目標(biāo)真實(shí)化,任務(wù)化,從而培養(yǎng)其運(yùn)用英語的能力。也就是說以具體的任務(wù)為載體,以完成任務(wù)為動(dòng)力,把知識(shí)和技能融為一體,通過聽、說、讀、寫等活動(dòng),用所學(xué)語言去做事,在做事的過程中發(fā)展運(yùn)用自己所學(xué)語言。
(二)任務(wù)型語言教學(xué)的特點(diǎn)
1、通過交流來學(xué)會(huì)交際。任務(wù)型語言教學(xué)中各項(xiàng)任務(wù)的完成離不開真實(shí)的交流,交流的最終目的是交際能力的提高,只有任務(wù)型練習(xí)才會(huì)給學(xué)生真正交流的機(jī)會(huì),才能使學(xué)生真正學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用。在《Go for it》七年級(jí)(上)7單元 What does he look like? 的任務(wù)設(shè)計(jì)中,要緊緊圍繞句型What does he look like? He is short.(He has a medium build.)讓學(xué)生通過各種形式進(jìn)行語言的交流,從而達(dá)到交際的目的。
2、將具有真實(shí)性的語言材料引入學(xué)習(xí)的環(huán)境。因?yàn)檎鎸?shí)的場(chǎng)景能使學(xué)生在輕松的環(huán)境中不受任何約束地真正體會(huì)語言,理解語言并大膽地運(yùn)用語言,達(dá)到脫口而出的效果,而情景教學(xué)是將具有真實(shí)性的語言材料引入學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境的有效途徑。在《Go for it》七年級(jí)(上)7單元 What does he look like? 的任務(wù)設(shè)計(jì)中,讓學(xué)生為自己喜愛的明星,科學(xué)家,自己身邊的老師,同學(xué)畫像,編歌謠,幫助別人寫尋人啟示等,都是很真實(shí)的情景,學(xué)生們?cè)谄渲幸搀w會(huì)到了所學(xué)語言的真實(shí)性與實(shí)用性。
3、既關(guān)注語言本身,也關(guān)注學(xué)習(xí)過程。任務(wù)型語言課堂把整個(gè)教學(xué)目標(biāo)設(shè)計(jì)成符合本目標(biāo)的若干個(gè)任務(wù),讓學(xué)生在教師指導(dǎo)下完成各項(xiàng)任務(wù),進(jìn)而按步驟完成課堂的總體目標(biāo)。學(xué)生在具體目標(biāo)下完成任務(wù)的過程既是對(duì)新知識(shí)的理解和運(yùn)用又是對(duì)舊知識(shí)的鞏固和掌握,任務(wù)完成的好壞就直接體現(xiàn)著教學(xué)效果。
4、學(xué)習(xí)者個(gè)人的經(jīng)歷作為課堂學(xué)習(xí)的因素。任務(wù)型語言教學(xué)追求的效果是讓學(xué)習(xí)者能用自己的語言知識(shí)解決自己的實(shí)際問題,讓學(xué)生自主、自發(fā)地投入到自覺的語言實(shí)踐中去,以完成各項(xiàng)任務(wù)而體驗(yàn)自己的學(xué)習(xí)過程。
二、任務(wù)型語言教學(xué)的任務(wù)設(shè)計(jì)原則及特點(diǎn):
1、任務(wù)的設(shè)計(jì)要有興趣性、真實(shí)性。因?yàn)閷W(xué)生興趣與學(xué)習(xí)效果及教學(xué)效果密切相關(guān)。脫離學(xué)生的生活實(shí)際而設(shè)計(jì)的活動(dòng)根本喚不起學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣,更達(dá)不到運(yùn)用英語進(jìn)行交際的目的。因此,教師在設(shè)計(jì)教學(xué)活動(dòng)時(shí)應(yīng)盡量以學(xué)生的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)和興趣為出發(fā)點(diǎn)。、任務(wù)的設(shè)計(jì)要有層次性。任務(wù)越容易,參加任務(wù)的人就越多,獲得的成功體驗(yàn)也就越多,學(xué)習(xí)興趣就會(huì)越濃厚。因此,在設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)時(shí)應(yīng)循序漸進(jìn),由易到難。剛開始設(shè)計(jì)的任務(wù)應(yīng)稍微簡(jiǎn)單些,讓大部分學(xué)生都容易參與進(jìn)來。隨著任務(wù)的漸漸深入,學(xué)生對(duì)任務(wù)信息的了解不斷增加,稍難的任務(wù)也會(huì)顯得容易起來。
在《Go for it》七年級(jí)(上)7單元 What does he look like?中注意了這一特點(diǎn),從讓學(xué)生簡(jiǎn)單的動(dòng)作模仿,語音語調(diào)模仿,到他們所熟悉的繪畫,猜人物,以及后來由學(xué)生發(fā)揮創(chuàng)造性思維,自己發(fā)揮編寫chant,故事等,任務(wù)的難度系數(shù)在慢慢遞增,但由于注意了任務(wù)設(shè)計(jì)的層次性,學(xué)生沒
有感到困難,完成任務(wù)是水到渠成之事。不同層次的學(xué)生也能從中找到自己的位置,自然也能參與進(jìn)來了。
3、任務(wù)的設(shè)計(jì)要有多樣性。語言交際是一種充滿創(chuàng)造性的心智活動(dòng),多設(shè)計(jì)一些能啟迪學(xué)生思維,激發(fā)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)熱情的任務(wù)型活動(dòng),可以提高學(xué)生的綜合運(yùn)用語言能力。
三、初中英語任務(wù)型教學(xué)的基本模式 傳統(tǒng)教學(xué)長(zhǎng)期使用PPP常規(guī)教學(xué)步驟
(presentation-practice-production)。在常規(guī)PPP模式中,tasks通常被認(rèn)為是體現(xiàn)在最后一個(gè)P(production)中的延伸式練習(xí),用來鞏固所學(xué)語法結(jié)構(gòu)、語言功能或詞匯。任務(wù)型英語教學(xué)摒棄了這一模式。在任務(wù)型教學(xué)模式中,學(xué)生們以完成任務(wù)的活動(dòng)開始學(xué)習(xí)。在任務(wù)完成后,教師再把學(xué)生的注意力引到任務(wù)型學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)中所使用的語言上來,并對(duì)學(xué)生的使用語言表現(xiàn)做一些適當(dāng)?shù)募m正和調(diào)整。任務(wù)型教學(xué)突出表達(dá)和活動(dòng)。提出了PTP步驟,即三個(gè)主要階段:
(1)前任務(wù)(Pre-task)—Introduction to the topic and task.—教師引入任務(wù)。
(2)任務(wù)環(huán)(Task cycle)—Task planning and report。
A.任務(wù)(task)——學(xué)生執(zhí)行任務(wù)。
B.計(jì)劃(planning)——各組學(xué)生準(zhǔn)備如何向全班報(bào)告任務(wù)完成情況。
C.報(bào)告(reporting)——學(xué)生報(bào)告任務(wù)完成情況。
(3)后任務(wù)(Post-task)—Analysis and practice。
A.分析(Analysis)——學(xué)生通過分析其他各組執(zhí)行任務(wù)的情況;
B.操練(Practice)——學(xué)生在教師指導(dǎo)下練習(xí)語言難點(diǎn)??梢姡诔錆M“變化性互動(dòng)”的英語課堂上,從接受任務(wù)、準(zhǔn)備任務(wù)、執(zhí)行任務(wù)、報(bào)告任務(wù)到分析任務(wù),學(xué)生一直處于積極、活躍、變化的活動(dòng)中。活動(dòng)越多,學(xué)生可理解性的輸入越多,語言習(xí)得就越多。富有挑戰(zhàn)性的問題爭(zhēng)論往往使學(xué)生閃現(xiàn)出富有獨(dú)到見解的、與眾不同的思維火花。任務(wù)的挑戰(zhàn)性刺激著學(xué)生的思維、激勵(lì)著學(xué)生創(chuàng)造性的活動(dòng)。就是在不斷的挑戰(zhàn)、刺激和激勵(lì)中,學(xué)生的創(chuàng)造性思維和創(chuàng)新意識(shí)逐步得到訓(xùn)練、培養(yǎng)、加強(qiáng)和鞏固并發(fā)展成為良好的習(xí)慣。
四、任務(wù)型教學(xué)在初中英語課堂教學(xué)中的運(yùn)用
修改后的中學(xué)英語教課書,增加了許多學(xué)生在日常生活中熟悉并感興趣的話題,提供了許多真實(shí)的語境和語言材料。因此,我們教師要充分利用好教材,以學(xué)生為主體,運(yùn)用任務(wù)型教學(xué),培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的創(chuàng)造性思維能力,鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生自己思考,使他們能夠用所學(xué)的知識(shí)來解決新問題。
參考 Willis 和 Pica,Kanagy & Falodun 對(duì)任務(wù)型活
動(dòng)的分類,以下六種任務(wù)型活動(dòng)適合在初中英語課堂中運(yùn)用。、拼圖任務(wù)(Jigsaw tasks)
拼圖任務(wù)是指小組中每人依次講制作食物的一個(gè)步驟,全小組講完整個(gè)步驟。以八年級(jí)英語(上冊(cè))Unit8 How do you make banana milk shake?為例,學(xué)生在掌握了課文中的游戲后,我們可讓學(xué)生以小組為單位,合作介紹一種新的食物制作步驟,每個(gè)成員一起在全班同學(xué)面前講這個(gè)制作過程。另外,還可提供學(xué)生幾幅圖畫,讓他們合作編成一個(gè)完整的制作方法,這項(xiàng)任務(wù)可以激發(fā)學(xué)生的邏輯思維能力。
2、信息差任務(wù)(Information-gap tasks)
信息差本身是一種社會(huì)現(xiàn)象,而信息共享體現(xiàn)了人的一種普遍心理需求。教師可以充分利用這一心理需求,有意創(chuàng)造一種信息差活動(dòng)來調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣,使其投入到交際活動(dòng)之中。例如
① 猜詞游戲:
A: The opposite of here
B: There
B: It's a place you go to when you want to see the animals.A: A zoo.② 每人畫一幅家譜圖,然后互換圖畫,通過向?qū)Ψ教?/p>
問,了解家庭成員的稱呼和其他信息。這種信息差活動(dòng)有利于培養(yǎng)學(xué)生創(chuàng)造性使用語言的能力。
3、比較任務(wù)(comparison-making tasks)
比較任務(wù)是指找出相同點(diǎn)和不同點(diǎn)。例如,學(xué)習(xí)Unit4 Where’s my backpack?,讓學(xué)生討論 a Chinese farm 和 an American farm 的異同;學(xué)習(xí)Unit8 When is your birthday?,讓學(xué)生比較 Chinese people 與 English people 慶祝生日的異同;通過 celebrate the Mid-autumn Festival 和 celebrate Thanksgiving 的對(duì)比和應(yīng)用,加深學(xué)生對(duì)我們與英語國(guó)家的人慶祝節(jié)日不同點(diǎn)與相同點(diǎn)的認(rèn)識(shí)。這項(xiàng)任務(wù)使他們初步了解西方國(guó)家的日常生活和風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣。
4、觀點(diǎn)交換任務(wù)(Opinion exchange tasks)
觀點(diǎn)交換任務(wù)是指學(xué)習(xí)者討論、交換意見,而不必達(dá)成統(tǒng)一意見。例如,在閱讀 Unit10 Where did you go on vacation?的課文后,小組討論以下問題:
① Where did you go on vacation?
② What sports do you like to play on different vacation? Why?
此任務(wù)能促使學(xué)生積極思考,并充分發(fā)揮他們的分析能力和思維能力。
5、解決問題任務(wù)(Problem-solving tasks)
解決問題的任務(wù)就是要求學(xué)生根據(jù)自己的知識(shí)和推理能力,用英語解決現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中可能遇到的問題。例如,在學(xué)生掌握了 七年級(jí)英語(下冊(cè))Unit 2 Where’s the post office?關(guān)于問路和指路的對(duì)話內(nèi)容后,教師可以設(shè)置幾個(gè)情景:
① Gina is going to get some money from the nearest bank.But she is new here.She doesn’t know the way.She is asking for help.② You're at home.Your new pen pal is coming from Chongqing to visit you next weekend.But he doesn't know where your home is.You’re calling to tell him the way to your home.③ You are in Beijing.You are new there, and you want to watch the 2008 Olympic Games.You need to find the stadium.這項(xiàng)任務(wù)可以幫助學(xué)生鞏固所學(xué)的問路及指路方式,使之學(xué)有所用。
6、創(chuàng)造性任務(wù)(creative tasks)
創(chuàng)造性任務(wù)是指任務(wù)具有探索性、開放性和實(shí)踐性。列表、安排順序、分類對(duì)比和解決問題的任務(wù),也屬于創(chuàng)造性任務(wù)的范疇。例如,在學(xué)習(xí)了食品的名稱和形容詞比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)后,給學(xué)生布置一個(gè)任務(wù):假設(shè)明天我們要舉行一個(gè)
班會(huì),給你們每組 100 元錢,小組討論要買些什么東西??茨囊唤M把 100 元錢能充分利用,不浪費(fèi),而且需要所需的東西都買齊。這樣學(xué)生必須先到商場(chǎng)作調(diào)查,按實(shí)際價(jià)格計(jì)算,每個(gè)小組列一個(gè)購物單,買什么東西,花多少錢,還要寫出買此物品的原因。每小組推薦一個(gè)學(xué)生作匯報(bào)。這項(xiàng)任務(wù)可使學(xué)生把所學(xué)知識(shí)與現(xiàn)實(shí)生活相結(jié)合,鍛煉他們分析問題的能力,并培養(yǎng)其語言運(yùn)用能力。
五、任務(wù)設(shè)計(jì)的教學(xué)實(shí)踐與體會(huì):
Go For It.Unit 7 What does he look like?
任務(wù)型教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì):
1.話題: What does he look like?
2.目標(biāo):
1)認(rèn)知目標(biāo):掌握新單詞短語及句型,學(xué)會(huì)描述人的外貌,并能根據(jù)描述畫出人像。
目標(biāo)語言:
What does your friend look like?
She has a medium build, and she has long hair.(Or: She is thin, and she is tall/medium height.)
2)能力目標(biāo):
①學(xué)會(huì)談?wù)撋砀?體重,發(fā)型,面部特征及著裝特點(diǎn)。
②能積極思維,運(yùn)用所學(xué)單詞,短語及句型,結(jié)合實(shí)際
生活進(jìn)行靈活運(yùn)用。
③能和合作伙伴互相交流,充分交換信息。
3)情感目標(biāo):學(xué)會(huì)簡(jiǎn)單地表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)或好惡,學(xué)會(huì)為人善良的美德。
任務(wù)設(shè)計(jì):
我在本課時(shí)設(shè)計(jì)了5個(gè)不同的任務(wù)活動(dòng)形式,緊緊抓住了初一學(xué)生求知欲強(qiáng),好動(dòng),好自我表現(xiàn)的年齡特點(diǎn),較為成功地完成了本課時(shí)的教學(xué)任務(wù)。
活動(dòng)一:猜一猜,學(xué)一學(xué)
在本課時(shí)的第一步,新教學(xué)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí)過程中,采用了3幅學(xué)生熟悉的可愛的卡通圖畫,請(qǐng)學(xué)生們從身高,發(fā)型,體型三個(gè)方面依次用搶答的形式說出已學(xué)過的表達(dá):He is tall/ short/medium height??
對(duì)新知識(shí)的學(xué)習(xí),采取了讓學(xué)生從老師的體態(tài)語言中,從實(shí)際的圖片及身邊的同學(xué)長(zhǎng)相,適時(shí)再配以音標(biāo),讓學(xué)生自己猜義,拼讀,然后再由老師,學(xué)生分別教讀,領(lǐng)讀。在說說,猜猜,學(xué)學(xué)的過程中,學(xué)生自然就進(jìn)入了本課時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容與氛圍中。
活動(dòng)二: 動(dòng)一動(dòng)。
初一學(xué)生畢竟年齡小,好動(dòng)是他們的天性。針對(duì)這一特征,設(shè)計(jì)了在學(xué)習(xí)完身高,發(fā)型,體型三個(gè)方面的詞匯后,讓全班學(xué)生齊起立,跟著老師一起用形象的body movement
復(fù)習(xí)鞏固了剛學(xué)會(huì)的新內(nèi)容。
活動(dòng)三:唱一唱,編一編。
用一個(gè)節(jié)奏簡(jiǎn)單明了的chant,把所學(xué)的知識(shí)用另一種形式得到體現(xiàn)與升華。學(xué)生先由老師帶領(lǐng)熟悉chant 節(jié)奏與內(nèi)容,再讓學(xué)生模仿老師的chant,為他們所喜歡的人物(如貝克漢姆,周杰倫,居里夫人等)編寫新的chant,最后再為身邊的老師,同學(xué)進(jìn)行現(xiàn)場(chǎng)編寫chant,氣氛達(dá)到了前所未有的高潮。學(xué)生的能力也從簡(jiǎn)單的模仿訓(xùn)練上升為帶有一定創(chuàng)造性的訓(xùn)練活動(dòng),不但有利于他們的思維培養(yǎng),還能極大地提高學(xué)習(xí)興趣.(附chant: What does she look like?She is short,short,short,short.What does she look like ? She is thin,thin,thin,thin.What does she look like? She has curly hair,curly curly hair.活動(dòng)四:聽一聽,畫一畫,猜一猜。
為加強(qiáng)學(xué)生的聽力能力,結(jié)合初一學(xué)生喜好動(dòng)手的特點(diǎn),設(shè)計(jì)了讓學(xué)生們先聽兩遍錄音,再結(jié)合所聽內(nèi)容,為所聽到的任務(wù)畫像。再通過實(shí)物投影機(jī),請(qǐng)畫畫的同學(xué)對(duì)所畫的人物描述一翻,可以讓學(xué)生為自己的同學(xué)畫像并描述,讓其余的同學(xué)猜他(她)畫的是誰。
活動(dòng)五: 寫一寫,找一找。
設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)結(jié)合生活實(shí)際的開放性任務(wù):讓學(xué)生自己假設(shè)一個(gè)情景,有可能是逛街時(shí)和媽媽走散,有可能是小孩走失,有可能是尋找多年不見的親人等等,結(jié)合下列表格寫出一份尋人啟示。此任務(wù)不僅培養(yǎng)了學(xué)生的寫作水平,同時(shí)也培養(yǎng)學(xué)生體會(huì)出助人為快樂之本.最后再升華了本節(jié)課思想: 心靈美比外表美更重要。這也突破了本節(jié)課的情感目標(biāo).2、教學(xué)體會(huì):
(1)任務(wù)型語言學(xué)習(xí)有利于發(fā)揮學(xué)生的主體作用
在任務(wù)型教學(xué)中,教師教學(xué)活動(dòng)的設(shè)計(jì)以學(xué)生為主體,教師的作用是組織、引導(dǎo)、幫助和監(jiān)控,教學(xué)活動(dòng)以學(xué)生用英語完成各項(xiàng)“任務(wù)”為主,從而培養(yǎng)學(xué)生應(yīng)用英語的能力,這極大地發(fā)揮了學(xué)生的主體作用,充分體現(xiàn)了以學(xué)生為中心的教育理念。如在學(xué)生為自己喜歡和敬佩的人設(shè)計(jì)chant時(shí),那種參與創(chuàng)造的氛圍非常熱烈,學(xué)生的情緒和能力體現(xiàn)都得到了很好的升華。
(2)任務(wù)設(shè)計(jì)的真實(shí)性有利于激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣:
由于有意義的任務(wù)活動(dòng)貼近學(xué)生的生活、學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)歷,能引起學(xué)生的共鳴,并能激發(fā)學(xué)生積極參與的欲望,使學(xué)生有話可說,使不同程度的學(xué)生都學(xué)有所得,體驗(yàn)成功的喜悅。
(3)小組活動(dòng)的任務(wù)設(shè)計(jì)有利于培養(yǎng)學(xué)生合作學(xué)習(xí):
在任務(wù)型教學(xué)中,教師圍繞特定的交際目的和語言項(xiàng)
目,設(shè)計(jì)出由易到難階梯式、任務(wù)化的教學(xué)活動(dòng),教學(xué)活動(dòng)中讓學(xué)生用英語完成各項(xiàng)真實(shí)的任務(wù),這些任務(wù)可以是獨(dú)立完成的,可以是小組協(xié)作完成的。在完成任務(wù)的過程中,學(xué)生們針對(duì)自己對(duì)話題信息或語言知識(shí)的掌握程度,分工合作,為共同完成學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)發(fā)揮各自的優(yōu)勢(shì),并及時(shí)交流、合成信息,完成學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)。小組活動(dòng)的任務(wù)設(shè)計(jì),使不同程度的學(xué)生都參與到活動(dòng)中,發(fā)揮自己的優(yōu)勢(shì),互相協(xié)作,共同提高。
六、結(jié)束語:
任務(wù)型教學(xué)模式是語言教學(xué)的有效途徑,設(shè)計(jì)語言學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)是教學(xué)的重點(diǎn),它直接影響到教學(xué)的效果,因此,需要教師在教學(xué)中積極探索,大膽實(shí)踐。筆者認(rèn)為,任務(wù)的設(shè)計(jì)在實(shí)際的教學(xué)中還有許多方面需要進(jìn)一步探索,如,如何把握任務(wù)的系統(tǒng)性、任務(wù)的難易度、任務(wù)之間的銜接、完成任務(wù)的時(shí)間安排及任務(wù)的盡可能真實(shí)等,有待于我們?cè)诮窈蟮慕虒W(xué)實(shí)踐中不斷探索,使任務(wù)型教學(xué)模式能夠在提高學(xué)生的語言實(shí)際運(yùn)用能力上發(fā)揮出最大的效應(yīng)。
第五篇:任務(wù)型教學(xué)法 英語
(一)任務(wù)型教學(xué)法的定義及其基本理念
任務(wù)型教學(xué)(Task-based Language Teaching)是指教師通過引導(dǎo)語言學(xué)習(xí)者在課堂上完成任務(wù)來進(jìn)行的教學(xué)。這是20世紀(jì)80年代興起的一種強(qiáng)調(diào)“在做中學(xué)”(learning by doing)的語言教學(xué)方法,是交際教學(xué)法的發(fā)展。Skehan在“Task-based instruction”中對(duì)任務(wù)做了如下描述:“意義優(yōu)先,任務(wù)完成為主,評(píng)估基于任務(wù)完成與否?!币簿褪钦f,任務(wù)重視學(xué)生如何溝通信息,而不是強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)生使用何種語言形式;任務(wù)具有在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中發(fā)生的可能性,而不是“假交際”;學(xué)生應(yīng)把學(xué)習(xí)的重點(diǎn)放在如何完成任務(wù)上,對(duì)任務(wù)進(jìn)行評(píng)估的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是任務(wù)是否成功完成。
我們可以把任務(wù)型語言教學(xué)定義為:任務(wù)就是人們?cè)谌粘I?、工作、娛樂活?dòng)中所從事的各種各樣有目的的活動(dòng)。任務(wù)型語言教學(xué)的核心思想是要模擬人們?cè)谏鐣?huì)學(xué)校生活中運(yùn)用語言所從事的各類活動(dòng),把語言與學(xué)習(xí)者在今后日常生活中的語應(yīng)用結(jié)合起來
任務(wù)型語言教學(xué)的理論依據(jù)來自許多方面,有心理學(xué)、社會(huì)語言學(xué)、語言習(xí)得研究等等。其中一個(gè)理論基礎(chǔ)是“輸入與互動(dòng)假設(shè)”(input and interaction hypothesis)。掌握語言大多是在交際活動(dòng)中使用語言的結(jié)果,而不是單純訓(xùn)練語言技能和學(xué)習(xí)語言知識(shí)的結(jié)果。學(xué)生掌握語言必須通過“可理解性的輸入”,這有利于學(xué)生掌握所學(xué)語言。英語課堂教學(xué)應(yīng)具有“變化性互動(dòng)”的各項(xiàng)活動(dòng),即任務(wù)。學(xué)生在完成任務(wù)的過程中進(jìn)行對(duì)話性互動(dòng),進(jìn)而掌握所學(xué)語言。
社會(huì)建構(gòu)主義理論也是任務(wù)型教學(xué)法的重要理論基礎(chǔ)之一。社會(huì)建構(gòu)主義理論認(rèn)為,學(xué)習(xí)和發(fā)展是社會(huì)的合作活動(dòng)。這種活動(dòng)是無法被教會(huì)的。知識(shí)是由學(xué)習(xí)者自己建構(gòu)的,而不是有他人傳遞的。這種建構(gòu)發(fā)生在與他人交往的環(huán)境中,是社會(huì)互動(dòng)的結(jié)果。它強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)習(xí)者個(gè)人從自身經(jīng)驗(yàn)背景出發(fā),建構(gòu)對(duì)客觀事物的主觀理解和意義,重視學(xué)習(xí)過程而反對(duì)現(xiàn)成知識(shí)的簡(jiǎn)單傳授。它強(qiáng)調(diào)人的學(xué)習(xí)與發(fā)展發(fā)生在與其他人的交往和互動(dòng)中。
社會(huì)互動(dòng)理論強(qiáng)調(diào)人的學(xué)習(xí)和發(fā)展發(fā)生在與其他人的交往互動(dòng)中。人們掌握語言主要是通過互動(dòng),或者說交流。
任務(wù)型教學(xué)的目標(biāo):任務(wù)型課堂模式把學(xué)生的注意力聚集在怎樣利用英語作為交流的工具來完成任務(wù),而不只是關(guān)心自己所說的句子是否正確,任務(wù)完成的結(jié)果為學(xué)習(xí)者提供自我評(píng)價(jià)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),并使其產(chǎn)生成就感這些目標(biāo)是為課堂教學(xué)服務(wù)的,學(xué)生是直接的受益者。它體現(xiàn)了“以學(xué)生為主體,以任務(wù)為中心和以活動(dòng)為方式”的思想。
(二)任務(wù)由以下三個(gè)部分組成:
1、任務(wù)的目標(biāo)(Goals)。指通過讓學(xué)生完成某一項(xiàng)任務(wù)而希望達(dá)到的目的。任務(wù)的目標(biāo)可以是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生說英語的自信心,解決某項(xiàng)交際問題,也可以是訓(xùn)練某一項(xiàng)基本技能等。
2、構(gòu)成任務(wù)內(nèi)容的輸入材料(Input)。輸入材料必須具有知識(shí)性,應(yīng)以現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的交際為目的,是學(xué)生在一種自然、真實(shí)、或模擬真實(shí)的情景中體會(huì)語言,從而學(xué)習(xí)語言而不是局限與教材。
3、基于這些材料而設(shè)計(jì)的各項(xiàng)活動(dòng)(Activities)。任務(wù)的設(shè)計(jì)由簡(jiǎn)到繁,由易到難,前后想連,層層深入,并由數(shù)個(gè)微任務(wù)(mint-task)構(gòu)成一串“任務(wù)鏈”。在語言技能方面,遵循先輸入后輸出原則。
(三)設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)型學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)應(yīng)遵循的原則
1.活動(dòng)要真實(shí)。活動(dòng)應(yīng)引導(dǎo)學(xué)生通過完成具體的任務(wù)學(xué)習(xí)語言,讓學(xué)生為了特定的學(xué)習(xí)目的實(shí)施特定的語言行動(dòng),通過特定的交際任務(wù)獲得和積累相應(yīng)的學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
2.活動(dòng)要有針對(duì)性。所設(shè)計(jì)的活動(dòng)應(yīng)吸收全體學(xué)生參加,而不是只讓部分水平好的學(xué)生參加。因此,我們必須把活動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì)為若干形式,以保證有效的分層次教學(xué)。3.活動(dòng)應(yīng)具有激勵(lì)性。我們所設(shè)計(jì)的活動(dòng)的結(jié)果應(yīng)該使學(xué)生產(chǎn)生成就感。
(四)任務(wù)型課堂教學(xué)的環(huán)節(jié)
1.前任務(wù)(Pre-Task)——教師引入任務(wù) 2.任務(wù)循環(huán)流程(Task-cycle): a.任務(wù)(task)——學(xué)生執(zhí)行任務(wù);
b.計(jì)劃(planning)——各組學(xué)生準(zhǔn)備如何向全班報(bào)告任務(wù)完成的情況; c.報(bào)告(reporting)——學(xué)生報(bào)告任務(wù)完成情況。3.語言聚焦(Language focus):
a.分析(analysis)——學(xué)生通過錄音分析其他各組執(zhí)行任務(wù)的情況; b.操練(practice)——學(xué)生在教師指導(dǎo)下練習(xí)語言難點(diǎn)。
任務(wù)型的課堂教學(xué)中教師在教的過程中要做的首要環(huán)節(jié)就是呈現(xiàn)任務(wù),如果教師不是在課堂教學(xué)一開始呈現(xiàn)任務(wù),而是在知識(shí)學(xué)習(xí)和技能訓(xùn)練結(jié)束后再呈現(xiàn)并讓學(xué)生完成,那么這就不是任務(wù)驅(qū)動(dòng)型的教學(xué)過程,學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)力就不如任務(wù)驅(qū)動(dòng)過程中那么強(qiáng)烈。所以,真實(shí)運(yùn)用任務(wù)的學(xué)習(xí)過程實(shí)際上就是課堂教學(xué)的過程。此時(shí),學(xué)生就進(jìn)入了參與任務(wù)的環(huán)節(jié)。任務(wù)環(huán)(Task-cycle)是實(shí)施任務(wù)型課堂教學(xué)的核心部分。
任務(wù)的完成是任務(wù)型教學(xué)程序的最后環(huán)節(jié)。在時(shí)機(jī)成熟時(shí),教師就可以讓學(xué)生圍繞新知識(shí)點(diǎn)、突出主題進(jìn)行遷移操練,學(xué)生通過完成任務(wù)學(xué)到的知識(shí)和形成的技能轉(zhuǎn)化成在真實(shí)生活中運(yùn)用英語的能力。
任務(wù)型教學(xué)法是吸收了以往多種教學(xué)法的優(yōu)點(diǎn)而形成的,它和其它的教學(xué)法并不排斥。
優(yōu)點(diǎn)
1.完成多種多樣的任務(wù)活動(dòng),有助于激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣。
2.在完成任務(wù)的過程中,將語言知識(shí)和語言技能結(jié)合起來,有助于培養(yǎng)學(xué)生綜合的語言運(yùn)用能力。
3.促進(jìn)學(xué)生積極參與語言交流活動(dòng),啟發(fā)想像力和創(chuàng)造性思維,有利于發(fā)揮學(xué)生的主體性作用。
4.在任務(wù)型教學(xué)中有大量的小組或雙人活動(dòng),每個(gè)人都有自己的任務(wù)要完成,可以更好地面向全體學(xué)生進(jìn)行教學(xué)。
5.活動(dòng)內(nèi)容涉及面廣,信息量大,有助于拓寬學(xué)生的知識(shí)面。
6.在活動(dòng)中學(xué)習(xí)知識(shí),培養(yǎng)人際交往、思考、決策和應(yīng)變能力,有利于學(xué)生的全面發(fā)展。
7.在任務(wù)型教學(xué)活動(dòng)中,在教師的啟發(fā)下,每個(gè)學(xué)生都有獨(dú)立思考、積極參與的機(jī)會(huì),易于保持學(xué)習(xí)的積極性,養(yǎng)成良好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣,附: 任務(wù)型教學(xué)實(shí)例 任務(wù):采訪一位名人
目標(biāo):通過采訪一位自己感興趣的名人,掌握如何用所學(xué)語言獲取信息的技能。材料:介紹某名人的文章或個(gè)人資料 話題:Weather, Friends 語言技能:Speaking, listening and writing 活動(dòng)形式:四人小組活動(dòng) 操作過程:
a:教師布置任務(wù)并提出具體要求。b:學(xué)生分小組討論,確定采訪對(duì)象。c:教師提供收集材料的樣本。
d:學(xué)生分小組確定個(gè)人職責(zé)(采訪對(duì)象、記者、記錄員、聽眾、匯報(bào)員)并自制采訪表。e:學(xué)生小組采用問答形式進(jìn)行采訪,記錄員填寫采訪表。
f:小組匯報(bào)員向全班報(bào)告采訪結(jié)果,教師和學(xué)生對(duì)采訪作出評(píng)價(jià)。
g:根據(jù)采訪獲取的信息,各小組合作完成一篇200詞左右的介紹某名人的短文。h:文章貼在班級(jí)黑板或墻上供交流。3.總結(jié)任務(wù)
對(duì)所完成的任務(wù)進(jìn)一步分析、歸納、總結(jié),形成正確的概念,進(jìn)行有提升的語言運(yùn)用操練。這一步主要分為兩個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)。
(1)分析:通過相互交流,學(xué)生進(jìn)一步分析各自完成任務(wù)的情況,教師和學(xué)生參與點(diǎn)評(píng),使學(xué)生吸取別人好的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和做法,修正和完善自己的思維和實(shí)踐過程。
(2)操練:在分析的基礎(chǔ)上,學(xué)生在教師的指導(dǎo)下練習(xí)語言難點(diǎn)。在這個(gè)過程中,教師要根據(jù)教學(xué)內(nèi)容,圍繞重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì)一些口頭或筆頭的語言運(yùn)用的情景和練習(xí),讓學(xué)生以個(gè)人或小組的形式進(jìn)行語言操練。
缺點(diǎn):?