第一篇：英語中動(dòng)詞的分類

英語中動(dòng)詞的分類

1）表示動(dòng)作中狀態(tài)的詞叫做動(dòng)詞。

2）根據(jù)其在句中的功能，動(dòng)詞可分為四類，分別是：實(shí)義動(dòng)詞（Notional Verb）、系動(dòng)詞（Link Verb）、助動(dòng)詞（Auxiliary Verb）、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（Modal Verb）。

說明：有些情況下，有些動(dòng)詞是兼類詞，例如：

We are having a meeting.我們正在開會(huì)。（having是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。）

He has gone to New York.他已去紐約。

（has是助動(dòng)詞。）

3）動(dòng)詞根據(jù)其后是否帶有賓語，可分為兩類，分別是：及物動(dòng)詞（Transitive Verb）、不及物動(dòng)詞（Intransitive Verb），縮寫形式分別為vt.和vi.。

** 英語動(dòng)詞是句子的核心。它既決定著句子意思的表達(dá)同時(shí)又決定著句子的語法結(jié)構(gòu)。難怪有人說，英語是動(dòng)詞和介詞的語言?？梢娧芯縿?dòng)詞的用法在英語學(xué)習(xí)中是十分重要的。

（一、)分清及物不及物: 分清動(dòng)詞的及物不及物是在英語學(xué)習(xí)中必須解決的首要問題。動(dòng)詞及物與不及物通常有以下

幾種情況：

a．主要用作及物動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞后面必須跟賓語?？梢杂糜冢骸爸鳎^＋賓”；“主＋謂＋雙

賓”；“主＋謂＋賓＋賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)。如： He reached Paris the day before yesterday.Please hand me the book over there.They asked me to go fishing with them.類似的還有：buy, catch, invent, found, like, observe, offer, prevent, promise, raise, find, forget, receive, regard, see, say, seat, supply, select, suppose, show, make, take, tell....b．主要用作不及物的動(dòng)詞。不及物動(dòng)詞后面不跟賓語。只能用與：“主＋謂”結(jié)構(gòu)。

This is the room where I once lived.類似的還有：agree, go, work, listen, look, come, die, belong, fall, exist, rise, arrive, sit, sail, hurry，fail, succeed....c．既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的動(dòng)詞，其意義不變。如begin 都是作“開始”講。everybody , our game begins.let us begin our game.類似的還有：start, answer, sing, close, consider, insist, read, learn, prepare, pay, hurt, improve....d．既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的動(dòng)詞，其意義完全不同。

這類動(dòng)詞作不及物動(dòng)詞是一個(gè)意義；而作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)卻是另一個(gè)意義。如lift作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)是指煙霧的“消散”。we saw the mountain when the clouds lifted.作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)是“升高；舉

起”。

He lifted his glass and drank.類似的還有：beat

vi.跳動(dòng)vt.敲、打;

grow vi.生長vt.種植

play vi.玩耍vt.打（牌、球）,演奏 smell vi.發(fā)出（氣味）vt.嗅

ring

vi.（電話、鈴）響vt.打電話

speak vi.講話 vt.說（語言）

hang

vi.懸掛vt.絞死

operate vi.動(dòng)手術(shù) vt.操作

（二、)辨別表動(dòng)作與表結(jié)果的動(dòng)詞

表動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的發(fā)生，不涉及該動(dòng)詞的結(jié)果。如：

He looked at the picture.He saw a picture.前一句中的動(dòng)詞強(qiáng)調(diào)“看”這一動(dòng)作；而后一句中的動(dòng)詞表示“看到”這一結(jié)果。類似的還有：tear at;tear, look for;find, try to do sth.;manage to do sth., prepare for;be prepared for, advise;

persuade 等。

（三、)記住瞬間動(dòng)詞

英語中不少動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作在瞬間就可以完成．如：

He arrived in paris yesterday.而另一些動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作則可以延續(xù)．如：

They worked until 12 o'clock last night.特別是在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的句子中，瞬間動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)態(tài)不能跟表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語連用。瞬間動(dòng)詞有：arrive, borrow, buy, close, fall, finish, go, join, kill, hit, leave, lend, die, marry, open，reach, return, start, stop, recognize....等。

（四、)掌握好表狀態(tài)的連系動(dòng)詞與表變化的連系動(dòng)詞

英語中的連系動(dòng)詞主要分為兩大類： 英語動(dòng)詞

a．表狀態(tài)的連系動(dòng)詞。如：he is a good worker.除了be 而外，還有：stand(位于),lie(位于),stay, have, consist of, belong to, exist, weigh, own....等。

b．另一類連系動(dòng)詞表示動(dòng)作或變化，是由行為動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來的。一般在這些連系動(dòng)詞后跟形容詞作表語如：his hair grows grey.這類連系動(dòng)詞還有: turn, become, taste, smell, sound，look, feel, get...等。

（五、)注意詞義相近，用法不同的動(dòng)詞

a．表主觀與客觀的動(dòng)詞

I received his invitation last night, but i didn't want to accept it.該句中，動(dòng)詞receive, accept 都表示“接受”但前者表示客觀地接收到什么東西；后者表示 “I” 的主觀意愿。類似用法的動(dòng)詞還有：listen to;hear, look at;see, must;have to等。

b．表直接與間接的動(dòng)詞

He heard that the scientist would come to our school.He heard of the news that the scientist would come to our school.前句中hear的表示直接聽說的，而后一句中hear of 的表示間接聽說的。類似用法的動(dòng)詞還有：know;know of, speak;speak of, talk;talk of等。

（六、)重視多字動(dòng)詞的用法

所謂多字動(dòng)詞是指動(dòng)詞與某些副詞、介詞構(gòu)成的動(dòng)詞詞組。一般有四種形式：

a．“動(dòng)詞+介詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。該結(jié)構(gòu)中的動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞，當(dāng)和一些介詞搭配后，則把它看成一

個(gè)整體，即把它看成一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞。如：

We never thought of such success when we first started.類似用法的還有：agree to, ask for, attention to, break into, call upon, deal with, laugh at, dream of, listen to, look at, operate on, talk about, rely on, refer to...b．“動(dòng)詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。該結(jié)構(gòu)中的動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞的，該結(jié)構(gòu)及物；是不及物的，則不及物。

如：

We put off the sports meet.After he grew up, he went to london to work for a company.類似用法的還有: bring about, bring up, call up, carry out, find out, give up, hand in, help out, look up, make out, pass on, point out, put away, put down, put away, put down, put off, put on, ring up, set up, take up, think over, turn down, use up, work out..., wake up, shut up, come about, break out, carry on, come up, fall over, get away, get back, look out, go up, go out, stay up....在這類結(jié)構(gòu)中，必須注意有的多字動(dòng)詞即及物又可不及物。有的甚至漢語意義也完全不相同。

如：

He looked up and saw his teacher in front of him.(vi.抬起頭看)He looked up the word in the dictionary.(vt.查找)類似的有break down vi.（車等）壞了vt.分解，分為;go over vi.走過去vt.復(fù)習(xí)，仔細(xì)查看等。

c．“動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。如： We should do away with that sort of thing.類似的有：give in to, catch up with, look down upon, make up for, put up with....d．“動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。該結(jié)構(gòu)是最多，最常見的多字動(dòng)詞。如：

We will take care of them.類似的有：catch sight of, keep an eye on, make use of, make a fool of, make fun of, make room for, make sure of, knock out of, have a word with, pay attention to, put an end to, set fire to, take advantage of, take hold of, take note of, take notice of, take part in, take pride in, take possession

of, play a trick on, play a part in....****

說明：同一動(dòng)詞有時(shí)可用作及物動(dòng)詞，有時(shí)可用作不及物動(dòng)詞。例如：

She can dance and sing.她能唱歌又能跳舞。（sing在此用作不及物動(dòng)詞。）

She can sing many English songs.她能唱好多首英文歌曲。（sing用作及物動(dòng)詞。）英語動(dòng)詞

4）根據(jù)是否受主語的人稱和數(shù)的限制，可分兩類，分別是：限定動(dòng)詞（Finite Verb）、非限

定動(dòng)詞（Non-finite Verb）例如：

She sings very well.她唱得很好。（sing受主語she的限制，故用第三人稱單數(shù)形式sings。）

She wants to learn English well.她想學(xué)好英語。（to learn不受主語she的限制，沒有詞形變化，是非限定動(dòng)詞。

說明：英語中共有三種非限定動(dòng)詞，分別是：動(dòng)詞不定式（Infinitive）、動(dòng)名詞（Gerund）、分詞（Participle）。

5)根據(jù)動(dòng)詞的組成形式，可分為三類，分別是：單字詞（One-Word Verb）、短語動(dòng)詞（Phrasal

Verb）、動(dòng)詞短語（Verbal Phrase）例如：

The English language contains many phrasal verbs and verbal phrases.英語里有許多短語動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語。（contains是單字動(dòng)詞。）

Students should learn to look up new words in dictionaries.學(xué)生們學(xué)會(huì)查字典。（look up是短語動(dòng)詞。）

The young ought to take care of the old.年輕人應(yīng)照料老人。（take care of是動(dòng)詞短語。）

6）動(dòng)詞有五種形態(tài)，分別是：原形（Original Form）、第三人稱單數(shù)形式（Singular From in Third Personal）、過去式（Past Form）、過去分詞（Past Participle）、現(xiàn)在分詞（Present Participle）。

7)及物動(dòng)詞不需要介詞

在英語錯(cuò)誤中，“及物動(dòng)詞＋介詞＋賓語”（transitive verb+preposition+object），是常見的一種。所謂及物動(dòng)詞，就是謂語動(dòng)詞（predicative verb），不必通過介詞引薦賓語。相反的，不及物動(dòng)詞（intransitive verb）是不帶賓語的。有許多動(dòng)詞，雖然性質(zhì)是及物的，但不一定要有賓語，如下列的①a和②a便是這種情形：

①a.We study every day.b.Do you study English every day.②a.Please write clearly next time.b.Can you write your composition now?

如果本質(zhì)上就是不及物動(dòng)詞，就不會(huì)有賓語；若要賓語，就要借介詞之助，一起連用才

行，如③b和④b;③a和④a是錯(cuò)的；

*③a.The children are listening the music.b.The children are listening to the music.*④a.She is laughing the crippled man.b.She is laughing at the crippled man.反之，及物動(dòng)詞不必靠介詞，就可以帶賓語，如上述的①b和②b，又如⑤和

⑥：

⑤ John is giving a book to me.⑥ Who will answer this question?

如果無意中把介詞加上，就錯(cuò)了，如：

*⑦ Who will answer to this question?

下列這句從房地產(chǎn)廣告中看到的句子，也犯了同樣的錯(cuò)：

“We have many buyers awaiting for available units here.”

“Awaiting”是個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，后面的介詞“for”是多余的，要去掉；不然把“awaiting”改為

“waiting for”也行。

許多人習(xí)慣上喜歡把介詞加到及物動(dòng)詞后面，然后才帶出賓語。最常見的是“emphasize/stress on/upon”和“discuss about”，如：

⑧ Singaporeans seem to have emphasized on material gains.⑨ In our education system, we stress upon examination results.⑩ World leaders spent a lot of time discussing about worsening economic problems.顯然的，這三句里的介詞“on/upon”和“about”是多余的，不必要的。

下面是些類似的錯(cuò)誤：

● The young must obey to their elders.● Do not approach to that odd-looking man.● The audience attacked on the rude speaker.● Nothing can escape from his parents' eyes.● Do you hope to serve for your nation? ● When did Susan marry with Paul?

介詞“to, on, from, for, with”都要去掉才對。

為什么會(huì)有這些錯(cuò)誤呢？主因是分不清楚及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞的性質(zhì)。其次，就是對同一個(gè)動(dòng)詞及其名詞的句型有些混淆。解決之道有二。第一，要把“及物動(dòng)詞＋賓語”和“不

及物動(dòng)詞＋介詞＋賓語”劃分清楚，如：

 I did not answer him./ I did not reply to him. He reached Londan yesterday./ He arrived in London yesterday.第二，把及物動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞，然后加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~和賓語，如：

 Don't approach such a person. Is oral practice a good approach to language teaching

第二篇：英語動(dòng)詞

第十二講 英語動(dòng)詞 [1]

[新E英語 沈章柱

2007-10-18]

一、動(dòng)詞的概念

顧名思義，動(dòng)詞就是表示動(dòng)作的詞。所謂動(dòng)作，絕大多數(shù)是可以感知到的，比如汽車在開，人在看電視，太陽升起降落，等等。也有些動(dòng)作不是直接能看到聽到的，例如思考問題，制定方案，經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，等等。不管怎么說，這些動(dòng)作都比較明顯，直接或間接地被我們覺察出來。但是，英語動(dòng)詞還有一類是表示“狀態(tài)”的。這些動(dòng)詞并沒有直觀的動(dòng)作，它只是表示事物存在的一種狀態(tài)。例如：我是一個(gè)學(xué)生。其中的“是”，在英語中就是動(dòng)詞；再例如：我們有一個(gè)籃球。其中的“有”也是動(dòng)詞；等等。這類表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，對于初學(xué)者來說要多加留意，它們也必須按照動(dòng)詞的規(guī)律來使用。

二、動(dòng)詞的分類

1、根據(jù)動(dòng)詞的意義分類

(1)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞和非實(shí)義動(dòng)詞(助動(dòng)詞)動(dòng)詞屬于“實(shí)詞”的一種。所謂實(shí)詞，就是有明確具體的含義，像名詞的桌子、貓狗德行，形容詞的紅黃藍(lán)綠等等，動(dòng)詞的哭笑、走路等等。而英語中其它的一些詞類如冠詞、介詞等等，意義比較地空虛，所以叫做虛詞。根據(jù)動(dòng)詞是不是有明確具體的意思，動(dòng)詞本身也分成所謂的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞和非實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。實(shí)義動(dòng)詞就是動(dòng)作比較明顯具體，像上面講到的汽車在開，人在看電視，太陽升起，思考問題，制定方案，經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，等等。非實(shí)義動(dòng)詞通稱為助動(dòng)詞，如can, may, will, shall 等等。注意：有少數(shù)動(dòng)詞既可以算作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，也是助動(dòng)詞。也就是說，這些動(dòng)詞既可以作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，在另外情況下它又是助動(dòng)詞，如：be, have, look, seem 等。請看例句： 例1：I have my supper at about 6:30 every day.我每在6:30 左右吃晚飯。（這兒，have 是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。）例2：The students have planted many trees.學(xué)生們種了許多樹。（這兒，have planted 中的have 是完成時(shí)態(tài)的助動(dòng)詞。）

(2)短時(shí)動(dòng)詞和持續(xù)動(dòng)詞

短時(shí)動(dòng)詞也稱瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞，是說這些動(dòng)作在很短時(shí)間內(nèi)就完成了，它不太可能持續(xù)很長的時(shí)間，例如：leave(離開)borrow(借), buy(買)，等等。相反，持續(xù)動(dòng)詞表示的是，這些動(dòng)作是一種持續(xù)性的動(dòng)作，它可以連續(xù)不斷地發(fā)生，例如：write(寫), walk(走路), sleep(睡覺)等等。

一個(gè)動(dòng)作是短時(shí)動(dòng)詞還是持續(xù)動(dòng)詞，也就是動(dòng)作持續(xù)時(shí)間的長或短，在英語中對于正確使用動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)非常有用。而有些動(dòng)詞，短時(shí)與長時(shí)所用的動(dòng)詞是不一樣的。這一點(diǎn)在中文里是沒有的，也是初學(xué)者經(jīng)常遇到的問題之一。請看例句： 例1：當(dāng) Tom 到達(dá)的時(shí)候，他得知 Mary 已經(jīng)離開將近三個(gè)小時(shí)了。

[錯(cuò)] When Tom arrived he learned Mary had left for almost three hours.因?yàn)檫^去完成時(shí) had left 和 for 連用，有不停地離開的意思，英語中算作錯(cuò)誤。

[對] When Tom arrived he learned Mary had been away for almost three hours.要表示持續(xù)的狀態(tài)，可以改用系表結(jié)構(gòu) had been away。例2：她那天穿著一件新裙子。

[錯(cuò)] She put on a new dress that day.put on 表示“穿上”的短時(shí)動(dòng)作。顯然，她不可能一天總是在那兒穿來穿去。

[對] She wore a new dress that day.wear 表示“穿著”的狀態(tài)，是持續(xù)動(dòng)詞。

例3：他丟了包有三天了。

[錯(cuò)] He has lost his bag for three days.丟東西是很短時(shí)間發(fā)生的事，不可能連續(xù)三天才把包丟掉。for 表示持續(xù)的一段時(shí)間。

[對] He lost his bag three days ago./ It is three days since he lost his bag.1、及物動(dòng)詞

及物動(dòng)詞的意思是，謂語動(dòng)詞后必須接一個(gè)賓語，表明謂語動(dòng)詞所影響到的對像或者目標(biāo)。這樣，句子的意思才比較完整。例如上例中，discuss 后接了一個(gè) the usage of verb，指出了我們討論的對象(或目標(biāo))，整句話連起來就是：weusage(我們討論用法)，基本上表達(dá)出了句子的主要意思。再例如：The boy see a picture on the wall.如果只說 see，聽者可能就會(huì)問 see 了什么？這里候必須接一個(gè)具體的內(nèi)容 a picture，這樣意思就比較完整了。

及物動(dòng)詞在英語里用縮寫 v.t.表示。

2、不及物動(dòng)詞

不及物動(dòng)詞，意思就是它不需要后面接賓語，句子意思本身就清楚了。

例如：A car is running along the bridge.run 是謂語，說汽車在開。我們聽到了 carFreanch)我能看懂法文，但不會(huì)說。

We read about the storm in the paper today.(read 用作不及物：read-about)從今天的報(bào)紙上我們得知今天有風(fēng)暴

(2)有的詞只用作不及物動(dòng)詞，如果要接賓語，必須后接介詞。這些加了介詞的不及物動(dòng)詞，很多有固定的意思，因而也被稱作“動(dòng)詞短語”。例如：

He turned on the torch to look for his keys.他打開了手電筒，尋找鑰匙。(turn on 與 look for)The children always lag（緩緩而行）behind when we go for a walk.(go for)我們出去散步時(shí)，孩子們總是落在后面。

2、實(shí)義動(dòng)詞(及物、不及物)與助動(dòng)詞

及物與不及物動(dòng)詞都是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，有著明確具體的含義。相對來說，助動(dòng)詞的意義就比較虛了。助動(dòng)詞的用法在講時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)候還會(huì)專門講述。這里要說的是，英語有些動(dòng)詞既可以做實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，也可以用作助動(dòng)詞。這一點(diǎn)請初學(xué)者要搞清楚。例如：

I am a student of Class Two.[ 這里am 是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞] 我是一個(gè)二班的學(xué)生。

I am playing basketball.[這里am 是助動(dòng)詞] 我在打籃球。

We have a clean and tidy classroom.[ have 是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞] 我們有一間干凈整齊的教室。

We have learned 1000 words this term.[ have 是助動(dòng)詞] 這學(xué)期我們學(xué)了1000個(gè)單詞。

3、謂語動(dòng)詞的變化

英語中，謂語動(dòng)詞的變化非常復(fù)雜。這是由英語表達(dá)的特點(diǎn)決定的。簡單地說，英語在表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作的時(shí)態(tài)，特別注意兩個(gè)問題：一是動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，是過去、現(xiàn)在還是將來等等；二是動(dòng)作持續(xù)的狀態(tài)，是做完了、正在進(jìn)行、一直持續(xù)等等。同一個(gè)動(dòng)作，在不同的時(shí)間、不同的狀態(tài)的時(shí)候，要用動(dòng)詞的不同形式來表達(dá)，這就是所謂動(dòng)詞的過去式、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、正在進(jìn)行時(shí)等等的原因。關(guān)于這方面的問題，這里只提示一下，以后講時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)候?qū)ｉT進(jìn)行講解。例如：

He does his exercise every day.[ does 表示一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，does 是單數(shù)第三人稱。] 他每天都做鍛煉。He is doing his exercise now.[ is doing 表示現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí), doing 叫現(xiàn)在分詞。] 他正在鍛煉。

He has done his exercise and for two months.[ has done 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，done 叫過去分詞。] 他鍛煉有兩個(gè)月了。

1、限定性動(dòng)詞和非限定性的動(dòng)詞

限定與非限定動(dòng)詞，是從主語與謂語的搭配關(guān)系來說的。限定動(dòng)詞是指動(dòng)詞變與不變受主語的人稱(第一、第二、第三人稱)和是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)的限制。它主要出現(xiàn)在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)及少數(shù)的時(shí)態(tài)中。

例如，在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中，I, you, we 和復(fù)數(shù)名詞形式時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞不需要進(jìn)行變化；如果是單數(shù)第三人稱，動(dòng)詞則要進(jìn)行變化。(這種情況也叫“主語、謂語的一致”。)請看例句： We go to school on weekdays.我們天天上學(xué)。(we 是復(fù)數(shù)，go 不需要變化。)He goes to school on weekdays.他天天上學(xué)。(he 是第三人稱單數(shù)，go 需要變成 goes。)I shall play football on Saturday.我星期六將踢足球。(I 后要用 shall 表示將來。）The boys will play football on Saturday.男生們星期六將踢足球。(boys 是第三人稱，要用 will 表示將來。)與此相反，有些動(dòng)詞則不受主語的人稱和單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)的影響，此是就叫非限定動(dòng)詞。非限定動(dòng)詞主要出現(xiàn)在各類非謂語動(dòng)詞中，因?yàn)樗鼈兌际欠侵^語動(dòng)詞，所以一般不受主語的限制。

2、規(guī)則動(dòng)詞和不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞

上面說了，動(dòng)詞有各種變化形式。英語動(dòng)詞的變化，有些是有規(guī)則的，就叫規(guī)則動(dòng)詞；如果沒有規(guī)律，就叫不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞。規(guī)則與不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞主要出現(xiàn)在動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)中。

例如，在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中，I, you, we 和復(fù)數(shù)名詞形式時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞不需要進(jìn)行變化；如果是單數(shù)第三人稱，動(dòng)詞的變化則有以下的規(guī)則：

一般情況下，直接在動(dòng)詞后加 s，此時(shí)就叫“規(guī)則動(dòng)詞”。例如：

He likes watching TV.他喜歡看電視。(like 變成了 likes)It looks like a cat.它看起來像只貓。(look變成了looks)其它如：help(幫助)-helps ；come(來)teaches ；wash(洗)goes;kiss（吻）-kisses ；fix（安裝）-fixes 但是有少數(shù)動(dòng)詞，它們的變化是沒有規(guī)律的，此時(shí)就稱它們?yōu)椤?不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞”，例如：

have(有)am / is / are 等。

在動(dòng)詞的過去式、過去分詞的變化中，同樣存在著規(guī)則變化與不規(guī)則變化。

例如：過去式 規(guī)則變化：

work(原形)worked(過去分詞)；play(原形)played(過去分詞)不規(guī)則變化：

sing(原形)sang(過去式)sung(過去分詞)；grow(原形)grew(過去式)grown(過去分詞)

3、系動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、感官動(dòng)詞等

系動(dòng)詞：它們一般是表示事物某種狀態(tài)(或緩慢變化)的動(dòng)詞，如：be, keep, get, remain 等等。

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：是表示“能、可以、必須”等的詞，如：can, may, must 等。感官動(dòng)詞：專門表示人的感官動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞，如：feel, smell, sound, taste 等等

第三篇：動(dòng)詞的分類

動(dòng)詞的分類

實(shí)義動(dòng)詞

實(shí)意動(dòng)詞是可以獨(dú)立做謂語的動(dòng)詞，按照他的句法可以分為及物動(dòng)詞（vt）和不及物動(dòng)詞（vi）

按照它的持續(xù)性可以分為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞

及物動(dòng)詞（ct）：及物動(dòng)詞本身意義不完整，需要接賓語才能構(gòu)成一個(gè)完整句子。

1.動(dòng)詞+賓語

Eg：I like this book very much我非常喜歡這本書

2.動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語

Eg：We call that bird Polly我們叫那只鳥波利

I saw the children play in the park yesterday昨天我看見孩子們在公園里玩 注意：帶省略to 的不定式或現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有

makeofferpassteachtellwritereadreturn

3.動(dòng)詞+間接賓語+直接賓語

Eg：Please pass me the salt請把鹽遞給我注意：常見帶雙賓語的動(dòng)詞有：givebringbuygetleavelendmakeoffer passteachtellwritereadreturn

不及物動(dòng)詞

不及物動(dòng)詞本身意思完整，不需要接賓語。

Eg：Horses run fast 跑

They work in a factory（工廠）工作

1.有些動(dòng)詞可以做及物動(dòng)詞又可以做不及物動(dòng)詞。

We study English及物

We study hard不及物

2.有些不及物動(dòng)詞與一些別的詞搭配在一起構(gòu)成短語動(dòng)詞，它的作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，要注意積累。

動(dòng)詞+介詞

動(dòng)詞+副詞

動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞

第四篇：動(dòng)詞分類講解范文

動(dòng)詞：

1.（可以做謂語）謂語動(dòng)詞——實(shí)義動(dòng)詞

1）行為動(dòng)詞（動(dòng)作）

⑴不及物動(dòng)詞(vi)

⑵及物動(dòng)詞（vt）

①單賓動(dòng)詞

②雙賓動(dòng)詞

③賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)詞

2）系動(dòng)詞LV（狀態(tài)、特征）

①be

②半系動(dòng)詞

2.（不可以做謂語）——助動(dòng)詞

助誰？

干什么？

時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、否定、語氣

Be 時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)

Do 否定、強(qiáng)調(diào)語氣

Have 時(shí)態(tài)、否定

MV 語氣

主語謂語

賓語

()定語

<> 補(bǔ)語

[] 狀語

We should stop the river ____.A.pollutingB.pollutedC.being polluted D.pollute

A be made ofmake A of ….A be made from

A be made in

A be made into

My mother made me(to)do

It happens that……

Sb sth happen to

It turns out that…

Sb sth turn out to do

It seemsed that

Sbsth seem to

It is said that he will study is studying studied in America.Sb sth be said to do to be doing to have done

To be done to have been done

It is said that the bank was robbed last night.The bank is said to have been robbed last nigh.Steal sth(from sb sp)

Rob sb sp(of sth)

Robberrobbery

Thieftheft

Lose oneself one’s way

Be get lost, I had to ask police for help.(Because)(lose →losing 主動(dòng) lost 被動(dòng))myself my way, I had to ask police for help

Was got lost

A.losingB.lostC.IlostD.being lost

第五篇：動(dòng)詞的分類、考點(diǎn)

動(dòng)詞的分類和形式

動(dòng)詞的分類

考點(diǎn)一實(shí)義動(dòng)詞

1、定義及分類

實(shí)義動(dòng)詞是能獨(dú)立作謂語的動(dòng)詞。

根據(jù)動(dòng)詞在句子中是否可以接賓語，可以把實(shí)義動(dòng)詞分為及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞。按其持續(xù)性可分為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。（1）及物動(dòng)詞

及物動(dòng)詞本身意義不完整，需要接賓語才能使其意思完整。①動(dòng)詞+賓語，如：

My brother is flying the kite on the playground.我弟弟在操場上放風(fēng)箏。②動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓補(bǔ)，如：

The teacher made his students happy by doing some games.老師通過做一些游戲讓學(xué)生們很開心。We call the bird Polly.我們叫這只鳥Polly。[注意] 帶省略to的不定式或現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：make, let, see, watch, notice, hear等。③動(dòng)詞+雙賓語，如：

My mother gives me a new bike.我媽媽給我一輛新自行車。[注意] 有些雙賓語動(dòng)詞間接賓語（人）放在直接賓語（事物）后時(shí)，間接賓語前要加to。常用的此類詞有：bring、give、hand、pass、pay、post、return、sell、show、teach、tell、throw、lend等。如：

Hand me that book, please.= Hand that book to me, please.請把那本書遞給我。

有些雙賓語動(dòng)詞間接賓語（人）放在直接賓語（事物）后時(shí)，間接賓語前要加for。常用的此類詞有buy、choose、cook、draw、book、find、get、make、order等。如：

My mom bought me a nice backpack.= My mom bought a nice backpack for me.我媽媽給我買了一個(gè)很好的背包。

（2）不及物動(dòng)詞

不及物動(dòng)詞一般不可以接賓語，但是有些不及物動(dòng)詞與一些介詞、副詞等詞搭配在一起構(gòu)成短語動(dòng)詞，它的作用等于一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞。如：

We arrived at the station at five.我們五點(diǎn)鐘到達(dá)車站。

He turned off the light when he left.當(dāng)他離開的時(shí)候，把燈關(guān)了。He takes pride in doing a job well.他因?yàn)樽龅煤芎茫茏院?。[注意] 有些動(dòng)詞既可作及物動(dòng)詞也可作不及物動(dòng)詞。常用的此類動(dòng)詞有：open、close、start、change、drive、play、meet、win、study等。如： The girl turned her head and smiled.這個(gè)女孩子轉(zhuǎn)過頭笑一笑。She turned and walked back to the classroom.她轉(zhuǎn)過身走回教室。英語中存在著大量由兩個(gè)詞構(gòu)成的動(dòng)詞短語。讓許多同學(xué)感到困惑的是，為什么有的是動(dòng)副短語，有的卻是動(dòng)介短語?區(qū)分它們到底有什么規(guī)律可循?下面就如何區(qū)分動(dòng)介短語和動(dòng)副短語，以及在使用上有哪些要求做一總結(jié)。

一、動(dòng)介短語從構(gòu)成短語的動(dòng)詞的角度來考慮。實(shí)意動(dòng)詞分為及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞，其中不及物動(dòng)詞是不可以直接跟賓語的，如果必須跟賓語時(shí)，就需要在這個(gè)動(dòng)詞后加一介詞，構(gòu)成動(dòng)介短語，此時(shí)，該短語相當(dāng)于一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，后面必須加賓語(由名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞充當(dāng))，且該賓語不能放在動(dòng)介短語的中間。例如，May I come into this room?我可以進(jìn)到這間屋子里來嗎? come into是動(dòng)介短語，賓語this room不能省略。

Look at my eyes，tell me who you are waiting for?看著我的眼睛，告訴我你在等著誰?

初中階段的動(dòng)介短語有: agree with同意......的意見(想法)；符合 base on以......(為)根據(jù)

listen to聽......get to到達(dá)......get off/get on 上車下車

fall off(從......)掉下

help...with...幫助(某人)做(某事)

knock at /on敲(門、窗)

laugh at嘲笑

learn...from...向......學(xué)習(xí)

live on繼續(xù)存在；靠......生活

look after照顧，照看 look at看；觀看

look for尋找

look like看起來像

pay for(sth.)付錢；支付

point at指示；指向

point to指向......prefer to...寧愿(選擇);更喜歡

quarrel with(和某人)吵架

regard...as...把......當(dāng)作......；當(dāng)作

stop...from阻止......做......talk about說話；談話；談?wù)?/p>

talk with與......交談

think about考慮

think of認(rèn)為；想起

二、動(dòng)副短語中的動(dòng)詞有的是及物動(dòng)詞，因此，后接賓語時(shí)不需要加介詞，加上副詞后，該副詞可以進(jìn)一步說明動(dòng)作的結(jié)果，從而，使得句意表達(dá)得更加準(zhǔn)確。這些動(dòng)副短語必須接賓語，但對其位置有一定的限制，如果賓語是名詞，既可以放在短語的中間，又可以放在短語 的后面;如果賓語是代詞，就只能放在兩詞的中間了。例如，You'd better pick the students up before7:00.你最好在7點(diǎn)前把這些學(xué)生接上車。Can you pick me up at 7:00?你能在7點(diǎn)時(shí)接我嗎? 人稱代詞me做賓語要放在pick和up中間。如果動(dòng)副短語中的動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，則該短語不可以加賓語。

例如：May I come in?我可以進(jìn)來嗎?come是不及物動(dòng)詞，所以，come in后無賓語。

初中階段的動(dòng)副短語主要有: bring out 取出 cut down 砍倒

clean up 清掃，收拾干凈 climb down/up 爬下/上

come back/go back 回來/回去 come round(走)過來 come out(花)開，出來 come over 順便來訪 eat up 吃光 fall asleep 睡著 fall behind 落后 fall down 跌倒 give back 退還 get back 取回 go out 外出 grow up 長大 hurry up 趕緊 knock down 擊倒 look out 小心

look around 環(huán)顧，到處看 look up 查找

open up 開設(shè)，開放，開業(yè) pass on 往前傳遞

put(sth.)down 把放下來 put away 收拾好 put on 穿上.put up 舉起 run away 跑開了 rush out 沖出去

run away 逃跑，逃走 slow down 減緩，減速 set off 出發(fā)，動(dòng)身 turn on/off 打開/關(guān)上 turn up/down 調(diào)大/調(diào)小 take out 取出 think over 考慮 take off 脫下，把……拿掉 take away 拿走 work out 算出 write down 記下 wash away 沖走 wake up 喚醒

（3）延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞

延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示動(dòng)作是可持續(xù)的，如：live, stay, study, work, keep, teach等，可以和時(shí)間段連用。如：

We have lived in China since 2001.我們自從2001年起住在中國。You can keep this book for two weeks.你可以借這本書兩周。

（4）非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞

非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示瞬間動(dòng)作，如：buy, lend, borrow, die, begin, stop, finish, arrive, join, leave, come, catch等，不能和時(shí)間段連用。如果和時(shí)間段連用，就要用其他詞代替。如：

He has been here for five days.(arrive)我們已經(jīng)來這五天了。

The film has been on for ten minutes.(begin)電影已經(jīng)開始十分鐘了。常用瞬間動(dòng)詞相應(yīng)持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞關(guān)系如下：

1、go——be away

2、come——be here

3、come back——be back

4、leave——be away（be not here）

5、buy——have

6、borrow——keep

7、die——be dead

8、begin——be on

9、finish——be over

10、open——be open

11、close——be closed

12、lose——be lost

13、get to know——know

14、turn on——be on

15、get up——be up

16、sit down——sit/be seated

17、join——be in…或be a…member

18、become——be

考點(diǎn)二連系動(dòng)詞

1、定義

連系動(dòng)詞也稱為系動(dòng)詞，連系動(dòng)詞有一定詞義，但不完整，不能單獨(dú)做謂語，必須和表語連用，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，表示主語身份、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)。如：

You are a teacher, but not a good one.你是一個(gè)老師，但不是一個(gè)好老師。We feel very happy when we know it.當(dāng)我們知道的時(shí)候非常開心。

2、分類

英語經(jīng)常用到的連系動(dòng)詞有：

(1)狀態(tài)連系動(dòng)詞：表示主語的狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、身份。（be）如： My father is very strong.我的父親很強(qiáng)壯。

(2)持續(xù)連系動(dòng)詞：表示繼續(xù)或保持一種狀態(tài)或情況。（stay，remain，keep等）如： You must keep healthy.你必須保持健康。(3)表象連系動(dòng)詞：用來表示“看起來”的這一概念的詞。appear（看起來），seem（看似），look（看起來）。如：

Your mother looks much younger than I thought.你媽媽看起來比我想象的要年輕得多。(4)感官連系動(dòng)詞：feel（摸起來)，taste（嘗起來)，smell（聞起來)，sound（聽起來）look（看起來)。如：

The milk tastes a little sour.牛奶嘗起來有點(diǎn)酸。

(5)轉(zhuǎn)變或結(jié)果連系動(dòng)詞：become（變?yōu)?，get（成為)，grow（長得)，turn（變得)，go（變得)等。如：

Our village is becoming more and more beautiful.我們村莊變得越來越美麗。

考點(diǎn)三助動(dòng)詞

助動(dòng)詞本身沒有詞意，或者意義不完全，不能單獨(dú)作謂語，只能和別的動(dòng)詞一起在句子中作謂語，幫助動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成各種時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)等及否定、疑問、強(qiáng)調(diào)等。

主要的助動(dòng)詞有：be，do，have，shall，will等。如：

Will you have a sports meeting next week?你們下周會(huì)有一個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)嗎? Is your mother cooking？你媽媽在做飯嗎？

Don’t be late for class next time.下次上課別遲到了。

考點(diǎn)四情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一般沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，在句子中不能單獨(dú)作謂語，只能和其他動(dòng)詞連用作謂語，表示說話人的語氣和情感。

主要的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有：can，may，must，need，would，could，might，dare等。使用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞要注意以下方面：(1)含must的一般疑問句?？隙ɑ卮鹑杂胢ust；

否定回答則用needn’t或don’t have to，表示“不必”。

一般不能用mustn’t，因?yàn)閙ustn’t表示“不可以、禁止”，語氣很強(qiáng)。

—Must I finish my homework now?我必須現(xiàn)在完成我的家庭作業(yè)嗎？ —No, you needn’t.不，你不必。(2)may開頭的一般疑問句。肯定回答用may； 否定回答用mustn’t。

—May I smoke here?我可以在這吸煙嗎？ —No, you mustn’t.不，你不可以。(3)表示可能性或推測時(shí)。

can多用于否定句或疑問句，can’t表示“不可能”； may多用于陳述句，may not表示“可能不”； must只用于肯定句，表示“一定、準(zhǔn)是”。

You may be right or may not be right.你可能是對的，可能不是對的。The news can’t be true.這則消息不可能是真的。She must be angry.她一定生氣了。

(4)need用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主要用于否定句、疑問句和條件句，表示“需要”； 也可以作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，后跟名詞、代詞、不定式、動(dòng)詞-ing形式等。need開頭的一般疑問句，肯定回答用must。You needn’t come if you are busy.你如果忙的話就不必過來了?！狽eed I come tomorrow? 我明天需要來嗎？

—No, you needn’t./ Yes, you must.不，沒必要。/ 是的，你必須來。He needs to get some sleep.他需要睡一會(huì)。

(5)have to的意思接近must，但是must強(qiáng)調(diào)說話者的主觀意愿。have to強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀上的必要性，常譯成“不得不“。

have to可以用于多種時(shí)態(tài)，其疑問句、否定句都要借助do構(gòu)成。

Do you have to leave now? 你現(xiàn)在必須走了嗎？ You don’t have to get up early.你沒有必要早起。

(6)be able to表示具體的能力，與can用法相近，can只有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)，be able to 可用更多的時(shí)態(tài)。

was / were able to側(cè)重有能力而且成功地做成了某事，而could只表示過去具備某種能力。如：

The math problem was hard but I was able to work it out.這道數(shù)學(xué)題很難，但我做出來了。1.---I forgot to bring my e-dictionary.Could I use yours?---Yes, you.（如東一模）A.can Key:A B.must

C.could

D.should 2.Melody has a great interest in planting flowers, but her sister ______.She can’t even stay in the garden for one minute.（崇川一模）

A.can’t

Key：C A.can

Key：C B.hasn’t

C.doesn’t

D.isn’t

3.—I don’t care what the teacher thinks.— But I think you _______.（崇川一模）

B.may

C.should

D.must 4.―Why are you taking a basket with you for shopping?

―The stores don’t _______ free plastic bags for shoppers to protect the environment.（通州一模）A.sell Key：A B.support

C.collect

D.provide 5.Sorry, sir.I ______ follow you.Would you please speak slower?（通州一模）A.can’t

B.mustn’t C.shouldn’t

Key：A 6.— What is Mom cooking in the kitchen?

— Fish, I guess.How nice it _________!（通州一模）A.looks

B.sounds

C.tastes

Key：D 7.—Tony is still in bed.He may miss the school bus.—Last night he ______ late to write the report of his survey.（通州一模）A.stayed up

B.cheered up

C.got up

Key：A 8.─ I think the man over there must be Douglas.D.needn’t

D.smells

D.dressed up

─ It ______ be him.He has ______ to Australia.（如皋一模）

A.can’t, gone

B.can’t, been

C.may not, been

Key：A

D.mustn’t, gone

9.─ These three problems are too hard to ______.Will you give me some advice? ─ There are many ways.The most important is to have a careful plan.（如皋一模）A.work out Key：A

B.look out

C.hand out

D.break out 10.— There were already five people in the taxi, but the driver managed to take me as well.— I see.It ________ be an uncomfortable journey.（海安一模）A.can't

B.shouldn't Key：C

C.must

D.need

11.— When did the first plane to Hong Kong leave? — Wait a minute.I'm just__________.（海安一模）

A.turning up

B.picking up

C.catching up

D.looking up Key：D 12.— Jack, , or you will get heavier.— OK.I will take your advice.（海安一模）

A.doesn't play sports any more

B.doesn't eat so much meat C.don't play sports any more

D.don't eat so much meat Key：D 13.Why are you taking the book away? I ______ before bed every day.（海安一模）

A.used for reading

B.am used to reading

D.used to read C.am used to read

Key：B 14.— Mum, must I stay there the whole day? — No, you _______.You may come back after lunch, if you like.（啟東一模）A.can’t

B.won’t

C.needn’t

D.mustn’t Key：C 15.— What great fun we had ______ in the river last Sunday!— Well, let’s go there again next weekend.（啟東一模）A.to swim Key：D B.in swiming

C.swum

D.swimming 16.— What’s wrong with you, Eric? You look tired.— I ______ to prepare for the final exam last night.（啟東一模）

A.picked up

B.woke up

C.stayed up

D.put up Key：C 17.The local people like that Italian restaurant because it both delicious food and good service.（啟東一模）A.produces Key：D

B.prevents

C.protects

D.provides

動(dòng)詞的形式

考點(diǎn)一動(dòng)詞原形

1、定義

動(dòng)詞原形就是詞典中出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)詞原來的形式。

例如：be（是），work（工作），write（寫）等。

2、用法

動(dòng)詞原形用法很多，經(jīng)常在中考考查的用法有：

(1)在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中主語不是第三人稱單數(shù)形式，其謂語動(dòng)詞接動(dòng)詞原形。例如：

We often watch TV at home after supper.我們經(jīng)常在晚飯后看電視。(2)感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)詞原形作賓語補(bǔ)足語。例如： Your words make me feel angry.你的話讓我很生氣。(3)在祈使句的開頭用動(dòng)詞原形。例如： Come and buy your books at our book shop.(4)在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和do、will、would等助動(dòng)詞后用動(dòng)詞原形。例如： Can you swim across this river in an hour? 你能在一小時(shí)之內(nèi)游過這條河嗎？ Did everybody want to go there last Monday?上星期一每個(gè)人都想去那嗎？(5)常見的后面用動(dòng)詞原形的結(jié)構(gòu)：

Why not do sth.? = Why don’t you do sth.? had better do sth.Let sb.do sth.help sb.do sth.Why not go there on foot?為什么不步行去那兒？

You’d better finish your homework before supper.你最好在晚飯之前完成作業(yè)。Let’s play volleyball after school！讓我們放學(xué)后打排球吧！

考點(diǎn)二第三人稱單數(shù)形式

1、用法

動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式就是句子的主語是第三人稱單數(shù)形式，并且謂語是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。例如：

My sister often watches TV with us at home.我姐姐經(jīng)常在家里和我們一起看電視。

2、構(gòu)成

動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成：

(1)一般情況下在動(dòng)詞后加字母－s。例如： work－works write－writes take－takes(2)以字母s，x，ch，sh結(jié)尾或以字母o結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞加-es。例如： watch－watches pass－passes catch－catches do－does go－goes(3)以輔音字母＋y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先把字母y變?yōu)閕再加-es。例如： carry－carries try－tries

考點(diǎn)三現(xiàn)在分詞

1、用法

動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式由動(dòng)詞原形＋ing構(gòu)成，一般和be動(dòng)詞連用構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)或用作非謂語動(dòng)詞。例如：

The girl is studying English at home now.這個(gè)女孩現(xiàn)在在家里學(xué)習(xí)英語。

I saw a boy lying on the ground.我看到了一個(gè)男孩躺在地上。

2、構(gòu)成

現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成：

(1)一般情況下直接加-ing。

buy－buying drink－drinking find－finding(2)以不發(fā)音的字母－e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，去掉字母e加-ing。take－taking come－coming become－becoming

(3)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的單詞，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞，雙寫輔音字母，再加-ing。

sit－sitting stop－stopping begin－beginning forget－forgetting 類似的單詞還有：Cut, put, swim, begin, get, forget, it, spit吐痰run, sit, split分開shut, win, shop, drop摔，掉plan, dig挖, prefer, let, step, set, mop拖, nod點(diǎn)頭, fit適合, regret后悔等

(4)部分以ie結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)動(dòng)詞，先把ie變?yōu)閥，然后加－ing。例如： die－dying tie－tying lie－lying

考點(diǎn)四過去式和過去分詞

1、用法

動(dòng)詞的過去式主要用來構(gòu)成一般過去時(shí)；過去分詞是用來構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)的，也可用作非謂語動(dòng)詞。

2、變化規(guī)則

規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式和過去分詞變化如下：(1)一般情況下直接加-ed。例如：

work－worked－worked help－h(huán)elped－h(huán)elped(2)以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，直接加字母-d。例如： live－lived－lived like－liked－liked(3)以輔音字母＋y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先把字母y變?yōu)閕，再加-ed。例如： carry－carried－carried study－studied－studied try－tried－tried(4)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，雙寫此輔音字母，然后加-ed。例如：

permit－permitted－permitted prefer－preferred－preferred（不規(guī)則的變化參見不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表）單選：

1.---I didn't see you at the beginning of the party last night.Where were you?

---I on my history report at that time.（如東一模）

A.worked

Key:C

future.（如東一模）

A.will find

B.won't find

C.will be found

D.won't be found B.work

C.was working

D.am working 2.Although Flight MH370 has been missing for months, we do believe it ______ some day in the Key：C 3.Don’t waste food!all the vegetables on the plate.（如東一模）A.Wash up Key：B B.Eat up

C.Put up

D.Clean up 4.---Can I speak to Mrs Green？

---Sorry, wrong number.Please to 114 and check the number.（如東一模）A.put out Key：C

B.put off

C.put through

D.put away

5.Not only he but also his friends_______ eager to help those who lost their homes in the earthquake.（崇川一模）A.was

Key：D B.were

C.is

D.are 6.―When will Peter telephone us?

―As soon as he ______ home this afternoon.（通州一模）A.gets

Key：A B.got

C.will get

D.has got 7.Loud music and red chairs in the restaurant make people ______ fast.（如皋一模）

A.to eat

B.eating

C.eat

D.ate Key：C 8.─ There’s too much salt in the Chinese diet.─ So there is.The WHO says only 1.5 grams of salt ______ for each man every day.（如皋一模）

A.is needed

B.is needing

C.will need

D.has needed Key：A 9.─ Alice, would you mind not playing the guitar? I ______ on the phone.─ Oh, sorry, mom.（如皋一模）A.talked

B.talk

C.was talking

D.am talking Key：D 10.The girl is so helpful that she devoted all her spare time she had ______ others.（如皋一模）

A.to help

B.helping

C.to helping

D.helped Key：A 11.— I hear Sam has gone to Qingdao for his holiday.— Oh, how nice!Do you know when he ?（海安一模）

A.left

Key：A

B.was leaving

C.has left

D.had left 12.— Where is Tom? I haven’t seen him for several months.— He _______ America.He ______ there for half a year.（啟東一模）

A.has gone to;has been

B.has gone to;has gone

C.has been to;has been

D.has been to;has gone Key：A 13.The rubbish near the river.Please clean it up as soon as possible.（啟東一模）A.smells bad B.is smelt bad

C.smells badly

D.is smelt badly Key：A 14.The life we were used to ______ greatly in the recent ten years.（啟東一模）A.has changed Key：A 詞匯： B.changing

C.change

D.changed 1.(假定，料想)that you have a blog.Then you can write down anything you like and share it with your friends.（如東一模）Key：Suppose 2.My teachers often(鼓勵(lì))me not to give up when I face difficulty.（崇川一模）Key：encourage 3.---I wonder whether Brazil will win the match later tonight.---Go to bed first.I will wake you up as soon as the match.（start）（如東一模）Key：starts 4.---Haven’t you seen that sign, sir? It says “No swimming”.---Sorry, I it.（not notice）（如東一模）Key：didn’t notice

5.---Hey, Millie, you’re playing the computer game.How can you do that ?

---I all the work.Why can’t I play for a while ?（finish）（如東一模）Key：have finished 6.---Hello, this is Jim.I（call）to tell you that we’ll meet you at the airport at 4.00 pm tomorrow.---OK, thank you.（如東一模）Key：am calling 7.---Have you decided where to spend your summer holiday?

---We（discuss）it later on.（如東一模）Key：will discuss 8.My teacher（carry）over ten books out of the classroom when I came in just now.（崇川一模）

Key：was carrying

9.The rain.（stop）Let’s go out to take a walk.（崇川一模）

Key：has stopped

10.—Sam, come downstairs, please.I need your help.—Just a minute, Mum.I（sweep）the floor.（崇川一模）

Key：am sweeping 11.—Why didn’t you hand in your homework yesterday? —Sorry, I（leave）it at home.I have brought it here today.（崇川一模）

Key：left

12.His grandma（like）singing Beijing opera in her free time.（崇川一模）

Key：likes

13.The skirt __________（feel）soft as if it is made of silk.（通州一模）Key：feels 14.Last night I didn’t answer your phone because I __________（watch）an interesting TV programme.（通州一模）Key：was watching 15.—Do you know if Jack will drive to London this weekend? —Jack? Never!He __________（hate）driving so far.（通州一模）Key：has hated 16.—Where is your grandma, Ellen?

—She __________（water）the flowers in the garden.（通州一模）Key：is watering 17.The other day, a taxi driver __________（risk）his life to save the drowning pupil.（通州一模）

Key：risked 18.─ Do you know whether David will go cycling or not tomorrow? ─ David? Never!He outdoor activities.（如皋一模）Key：hates 19.─ Is your father at home, May?

─ No, he isn’t.And he back until next Friday.（如皋一模）Key：won't be

20.Mr.Wu heard from his mother yesterday and he to her at once.（如皋一模）Key：replied

21.─you the film Furious 7?（see）

─ Yes, twice.I love it very much.It’s really exciting.（如皋一模）Key：Have；seen 22.Sandy（watch）for the bus when she saw Mr.Wu.Then they went to school together.（如皋一模）

Key：was watching 23.— Do you know whether Helen will drive to Beijing this Sunday? — Helen? Completely possible!She（enjoy）driving so much.（海安一模）Key：enjoys 24Jack can’t enter the office because he（leave）his key at home.（海安一模）Key：has left

25.— the teacher（repeat）the question？

— Yes, she is.So we should listen carefully this time.（海安一模）Key：Is ；going to repeat 26.—Have the designers finished the work? — No, not yet.They（design）the whole morning.（海安一模）Key：were designing 27.My grandpa is in hospital.I（worry）about him these days.（海安一模）Key：am worrying 28.—Why didn’t you wave good-bye to Kitty just now? —Because she ________（dance）to music when I passed by her.（啟東一模）Key：was dancing 29.I _______（spend）much money on fashionable clothes since 2 years ago.I can’t buy any more now.（啟東一模）Key：have spent 30.He got up without saying any word and ________（hurry）away.（啟東一模）Key：hurried 31.Just wait.They _______（email）you in one or two days.（啟東一模）Key：will email 32.—Where’s Tom? He’s wanted on the phone.— He, with his sisters, _________（make）a plan in the next room.（啟東一模）Key：is making