第一篇:準(zhǔn)備英語(yǔ)二級(jí)口譯
如何準(zhǔn)備英語(yǔ)二級(jí)口譯考試
可先看看主頁(yè)翻譯漫談中盧敏老師的文章.其中有些是二級(jí)口譯員的要求,會(huì)貫徹到評(píng)分中.從本人的經(jīng)歷盡量推測(cè)catti 二級(jí)口譯的判分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
該考試十分注重考生是否具有真正在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的口譯能力,與一般英語(yǔ)考試的口試不同。
60分并不是一個(gè)只及格的“濫”分?jǐn)?shù),而是已經(jīng)具有一定在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的口譯能力,能擔(dān)任一定會(huì)議口譯,可以持證上崗的標(biāo)志。若按現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的表現(xiàn)評(píng)定口譯員,80分的考試已是十分優(yōu)秀的口譯員,并有一定上升為更高一級(jí)譯員的潛力。1 口齒清晰,發(fā)音標(biāo)準(zhǔn),語(yǔ)速適中。譯文念出時(shí)基本速度一致,沒(méi)有忽而快,忽而慢的。聽(tīng)眾不會(huì)因?yàn)橐舭l(fā)問(wèn)題,語(yǔ)速問(wèn)題,聽(tīng)不清你說(shuō)什么。這點(diǎn)其實(shí)極重要。我在考試聽(tīng)到有謝考生的英語(yǔ)發(fā)音實(shí)在不堪入耳,再加上錄音設(shè)備的關(guān)系(考試語(yǔ)音設(shè)備好不了,我在復(fù)旦的語(yǔ)音室,那些設(shè)備都是陳舊不堪的,沒(méi)有一個(gè)語(yǔ)音室會(huì)有歌星錄音棚的還原原聲效果,因此平時(shí)語(yǔ)音要多練,跟著美國(guó)本土播音員的發(fā)音練。要用美國(guó)本土播音員標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求自己,曲不離口,到時(shí)候打點(diǎn)折扣才差不多。但真正極為圓潤(rùn)的美音有適得其反,設(shè)備也會(huì)把你的發(fā)音弄得不堪入耳。本人大學(xué)時(shí)受瘋狂英語(yǔ)李陽(yáng)的熏陶,用他的方法訓(xùn)練美音,現(xiàn)在能學(xué)學(xué)湯姆.漢克斯。自比發(fā)音強(qiáng)與電視臺(tái)中國(guó)籍播音員,但考試時(shí)一試帶聽(tīng)了自己的發(fā)音,發(fā)上覺(jué)得這種錄音設(shè)備不能使用太卷舌的美音,力求發(fā)音清晰,響亮,聽(tīng)者能聽(tīng)懂是上策。當(dāng)然最好是發(fā)音像native speaker 譯到美國(guó)題材用流暢圓潤(rùn)的美音,說(shuō)道英國(guó)能用純正頓挫的英音。這恐怕太難,國(guó)家級(jí)譯員都沒(méi)幾個(gè)有這水平。但口譯員要求能盡量傳達(dá)原文的感情色彩.譯文有感染力也是盧敏老師提到的要求之一.不是干巴巴的翻譯.這對(duì)譯文有語(yǔ)音語(yǔ)調(diào)音質(zhì)要求,也有語(yǔ)言措辭的要求.中國(guó)人從小學(xué)英語(yǔ)忽視發(fā)音,認(rèn)為別人能聽(tīng)懂就行。但發(fā)音漂亮至少清晰這是做口譯的基本標(biāo)準(zhǔn),也是catti作為考核口譯員資質(zhì)的基本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。發(fā)音不清,語(yǔ)速過(guò)快別人跟不上,或自己組織句子能力弱,語(yǔ)速太慢別人聽(tīng)得難受,都是不合格的譯員。2 翻譯過(guò)程流暢,期間沒(méi)有明顯的改口?,F(xiàn)場(chǎng)改口聽(tīng)眾馬上認(rèn)為這是個(gè)濫翻譯。不改口,聲音充滿自信,即便有譯得不標(biāo)準(zhǔn),不規(guī)范之處,別人未必馬上發(fā)現(xiàn)。誰(shuí)見(jiàn)過(guò)溫總理記者招待會(huì)上翻譯改口再譯,即便是改口,也是一個(gè)詞或者詞組說(shuō)了馬上該回,(這種情況在一次口譯中也只有一兩次)沒(méi)有句子說(shuō)完,重頭再來(lái)的??荚嚂r(shí)有不少考試錄音結(jié)束馬上翻譯,錯(cuò)了再該,實(shí)際已經(jīng)扣了不少分??荚嚂r(shí)我有兩次改口,并非原則錯(cuò)誤,只是當(dāng)時(shí)覺(jué)得這里可以改進(jìn)。
Gtreat intelligence gives the one who owns it 這里一想the one who owns it 這不是owner 嗎?馬上改口,其實(shí)不改也沒(méi)什么關(guān)系,不就復(fù)雜了點(diǎn)嗎。反到是破壞了節(jié)奏。
英譯中說(shuō)中國(guó)能源緊缺,china will be vulnerable to oil price fluctuation.(好象是這樣,也可能是oil crisis反正差不多。
當(dāng)時(shí)就翻了“原油價(jià)格波動(dòng)中國(guó)容易受影響較大?!钡?dāng)時(shí)一定想把vulnerable的容易受攻擊,比較脆弱的意思翻譯出來(lái),這是最后一句,時(shí)間有多余。便補(bǔ)了兩句,其實(shí)也是這個(gè)意思,反到是沒(méi)譯出流暢的中文,“對(duì)原油價(jià)格波動(dòng)。。顯得比較脆弱?!?兩次都畫(huà)蛇添足。這非??简?yàn)口語(yǔ)的表達(dá)能力,表達(dá)能力強(qiáng)的同學(xué)組織句子流暢,改口情況較少。平時(shí)應(yīng)多練練口語(yǔ),各種題材topic的表述能力,說(shuō)自己的話都要改口,何況譯別人的話。這還需要多多背誦各種題材topic的英語(yǔ)文章,熟練表達(dá)的語(yǔ)匯,知道別人表達(dá)這意思怎樣表述,不然無(wú)米之炊怎么譯好。
人在翻譯緊張都不自覺(jué)發(fā)出嘆詞和語(yǔ)氣詞。在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)還不明顯,錄音尤其會(huì)不自覺(jué)這樣。因?yàn)榭垂P記的信息組織句子,腦子高度緊張,自己會(huì)不注意??记胺磸?fù)提醒自己,說(shuō)話要流暢,不說(shuō)一定閉嘴。考前試音發(fā)現(xiàn)不翻譯,思考時(shí)連呼吸都要控制好,不然錄進(jìn)去有“呼呼”聲。這也是翻譯流暢要求的標(biāo)準(zhǔn).3 翻譯的譯文流暢,符合聽(tīng)眾的目標(biāo)語(yǔ)習(xí)慣。譯成的目標(biāo)語(yǔ)符合聽(tīng)眾的習(xí)慣。用于規(guī)范。譬如:今年5月的題中,講中國(guó)家長(zhǎng)如何將孩子送去外國(guó)念書(shū),在銀行中開(kāi)了專門(mén)的帳戶(open an account)我用了set up 估計(jì)扣分了。中國(guó)教育的需要加大投入資源,invest more resource 我一緊張(可能前面譯的慢了點(diǎn),怕時(shí)間沒(méi)了)用inject 估計(jì)是用詞不當(dāng)。因此在緊張時(shí)用時(shí)人的水平大打折扣,語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)了,用詞錯(cuò)了,第三人稱單數(shù)的動(dòng)詞顧不得了,時(shí)態(tài)亂了,等等都非常考驗(yàn)?zāi)阌⒄Z(yǔ)口語(yǔ)的基本功。還有一些基本的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)如:翻譯的信息準(zhǔn)確,數(shù)字不能譯錯(cuò),排比信息中有70%的信息量等等。我不知專家對(duì)于譯出中文的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)怎樣,至少準(zhǔn)確流暢符合中文的習(xí)慣總是不錯(cuò)的。還有一段中若譯出75%的信息量如何評(píng)分(可能看剩下25%中有無(wú)重要屬于必須譯出的內(nèi)容。比如該標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中有20個(gè)必譯出的點(diǎn),每個(gè)沒(méi)譯好,沒(méi)譯出各扣幾分)
上海高口vs 二級(jí)口譯
上海高口的口譯考試時(shí)間較短,英譯中,中譯英各兩段。共計(jì)十分鐘左右。若不小心犯錯(cuò)很難有機(jī)會(huì)挽回。本人親生經(jīng)歷感覺(jué)其譯題語(yǔ)速較快,考生需要大部分*腦子記憶,筆記盡量減少(語(yǔ)速快時(shí)用還要記筆記會(huì)顧此失彼,信息丟失多),有時(shí)考試題材比較偏,我沒(méi)過(guò)的一次考試便出現(xiàn)了“中國(guó)京劇的臉譜”“桂林山水的鐘乳石”等等。但其評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)估計(jì)沒(méi)有catti二級(jí)嚴(yán)。我在參與一次國(guó)際會(huì)議工作時(shí),接觸了一位上外的高口的考試專家組成員(他也是口譯考官之一),非重要信息點(diǎn)中,信息量有70%就能過(guò),當(dāng)然有些為口譯的考查點(diǎn),如數(shù)字的翻譯,漏了錯(cuò)了肯定要扣分,還有一些基本的考查點(diǎn)可能是否決項(xiàng),(基本的必須翻譯正確,錯(cuò)了這段就fail)。
傳說(shuō)四段中可以fail 一段,依然算過(guò)。但不知現(xiàn)在這一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)怎樣,那是2002年,一位在外做培訓(xùn)的上外考官老師透露的。這一點(diǎn)可能現(xiàn)在有改動(dòng),考生多了要控制通過(guò)率。并傳說(shuō)每個(gè)考官要控制自己的通過(guò)率(這只是謠傳,未證實(shí),考官說(shuō)自己是完全按標(biāo)準(zhǔn)給分)
考試時(shí)一般比較緊張,翻譯的時(shí)間沒(méi)有二級(jí)充裕,要抓緊翻譯。但我總感覺(jué)這個(gè)口試不太正規(guī)。有時(shí)考過(guò)的全真題會(huì)改編后再考。有些題是市面上題材語(yǔ)匯用一些參考書(shū)的內(nèi)容(梅德明的漢英,英漢口譯實(shí)踐常常考到,只是有時(shí)改裝了一下。原題是英譯中,考試時(shí)將書(shū)中的中文答案給你做中譯英,當(dāng)然未必是一摸一樣,可能有一定的改動(dòng)。當(dāng)然那兩本書(shū)你熟讀能背誦,以前的全真題熟記,會(huì)有一定的口譯能力。但一般無(wú)人*這個(gè)考試的證成為職業(yè)翻譯,這個(gè)考試的學(xué)習(xí),只是對(duì)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四六級(jí)的極大補(bǔ)充。學(xué)習(xí)備考這個(gè)考試是慢慢邁向職業(yè)較高端翻譯的底層基礎(chǔ)。多數(shù)通過(guò)者在工作中有自己的專業(yè),再加上有一定的翻譯能力,能在企業(yè)勝任一定的翻譯工作,有些涉外的工作中能顯出其優(yōu)勢(shì)。但這個(gè)考試現(xiàn)在通過(guò)人越來(lái)越多,我的證書(shū)是04年11月取得。證書(shū)上的號(hào)已是5千多號(hào),估計(jì)現(xiàn)在應(yīng)有6千人左右通過(guò)該考試。當(dāng)然現(xiàn)在這個(gè)考試已經(jīng)向長(zhǎng)三角地區(qū)推廣,6千人中有部分是非上海地區(qū)考生?,F(xiàn)在總覺(jué)的這個(gè)考試有不爽之處,據(jù)說(shuō)有些培訓(xùn)機(jī)構(gòu)考前會(huì)有“押題”培訓(xùn),命中率極高。我通過(guò)的那次考試中,考前在等候考試的教師內(nèi),邊上的一位考生在看資料,聽(tīng)磁帶(考前還搞什么)我看了一眼,他看的題我也練過(guò),是以前考過(guò)的全真題,結(jié)果考試真遇上了,這段英譯中其中基本相同。當(dāng)然每次考試總有最后一段中譯英真正考考你的翻譯能力,可能是社會(huì)熱點(diǎn),我考時(shí)有上海私家車(chē)數(shù)量增長(zhǎng),與中美貿(mào)易的發(fā)展(有不少數(shù)字)等等??傆X(jué)得這個(gè)考試“貓膩”多了,證書(shū)水分多了。
Catti二級(jí)口譯,更像是真正得口譯考試。時(shí)間1個(gè)多小時(shí),有點(diǎn)像現(xiàn)場(chǎng)得口譯,(現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的口譯時(shí)間也差不多這么長(zhǎng))有充分的翻譯時(shí)間,這樣即使有點(diǎn)錯(cuò)有機(jī)會(huì)彌補(bǔ)。判分老師會(huì)根據(jù)你的綜合表現(xiàn)給分,看整體的翻譯效果是否達(dá)到標(biāo)準(zhǔn),考試出題,內(nèi)容題材比較合適,而且考試也趨于正規(guī)化,以前的有套二級(jí)全真題,語(yǔ)速太快,不像是現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的發(fā)言人的語(yǔ)速,(估計(jì)出題人認(rèn)為二級(jí)需要有難度,但應(yīng)該增加題的難度)這點(diǎn)本次5月的考試中已有改進(jìn)。感覺(jué)語(yǔ)速比較適中,口譯時(shí)比高口舒服,考生比較適應(yīng)。
具體的考題題材,考點(diǎn),難點(diǎn)(最后一段中譯英)我在528考經(jīng)中有闡述。小妖怪也有回憶敘述補(bǔ)充,我不再重復(fù)。
總之,感覺(jué)二級(jí)口譯的通過(guò)能基本證明現(xiàn)場(chǎng)口譯能力,其出題判分都與現(xiàn)場(chǎng)要求基本一致。高口口譯部分整體難度在二級(jí)和三級(jí)之間(不考慮“貓膩”漏題)口譯本質(zhì)上是一種技能。improve only though practice.不像筆譯可成為一種學(xué)術(shù)性的研究(諸如翻譯紅樓夢(mèng),或是莎士比亞等文學(xué)翻譯尤其如此)口譯更重要需在短時(shí)間內(nèi)駕馭兩種語(yǔ)言的能力,簡(jiǎn)潔準(zhǔn)確成為第一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(放棄信,達(dá),雅的筆譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn))許多學(xué)生有時(shí)感覺(jué)中譯英難,一時(shí)get stuck in the moment can not get out of it 是因?yàn)槠溆⒄Z(yǔ)的能級(jí)不夠,不知道某一個(gè)意思的地道英語(yǔ)的表達(dá)方式和語(yǔ)匯。因此需時(shí)時(shí)積累,多看看原版報(bào)刊雜志,聽(tīng)聽(tīng)voabbc。并把精彩詞句用法記下,時(shí)時(shí)溫故。再者,可以從英譯中突破中譯英,將英譯中里譯出的中文再譯回英文??纯醋约涸诒磉_(dá)和運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)思維上的差距。
例1 :今年Bush 的inauguration speech 中有一句 soldiers died in wave upon wave 去過(guò)海邊的人知道:海浪一個(gè)打上來(lái)后退下去,另一個(gè)馬上會(huì)在打上來(lái),這就是wave upon wave,這個(gè)詞恰好表達(dá)的是中文前赴后繼,(這是我看到的前赴后繼最好的譯文)因此中文“戰(zhàn)士們前赴后繼,英勇就義”可譯成 soldiers honored their life by sacrifice in wave upon wave(or in one wave upon another)如果你能這樣譯,美國(guó)人都會(huì)驚訝那么優(yōu)美的英文。不需要譯成什么marching forward bravely and falling down and another group of ??太羅嗦,不專業(yè)。例2 :最近聽(tīng)bbc 的新聞中報(bào)道中美紡織品貿(mào)易中的摩擦,美國(guó)人抱怨:flooding Us market with low cost Chinese textile goods 其中flooding表示充斥著,可能大多人聽(tīng)得懂,但有幾個(gè)人在翻譯“**泛濫成災(zāi)“時(shí)可以自如的將flood作為動(dòng)詞使用呢?所以聽(tīng)懂看懂不是翻譯,須將地道優(yōu)美的英語(yǔ)翻成中文后你才開(kāi)始學(xué)習(xí)翻譯,一舉兩得,學(xué)了英譯中更學(xué)了中譯英。
第二篇:英語(yǔ)口譯實(shí)務(wù)二級(jí)
Thank you, Lord Hurd , for those kind words.It is an honor and pleasure to be here.When l left Brussels yesterday, it was 12 degrees Celsius and hailing.赫德勛爵,感謝您的美言。
Here, it was 25 degrees and sunny.我很榮幸也很高興來(lái)到這里。昨天我離開(kāi)布魯塞爾時(shí),那里還下著冰雹,氣溫只有12撮氏度,而這里則陽(yáng)光明媚,氣溫高迭25撮氏度。
Speaking of climate change, I don't understand why you British are always complaining about the weather.說(shuō)到這樣的氣候差異,我不明白為什么你們英國(guó)人還總是抱怨天氣不好。
I confess I am a little intimidated, Lord Hurd, at being moderated by a veteran statesman of your distinction.赫德勛爵,說(shuō)實(shí)話,您這樣一位聲名顯赫的資深政治家為我做引見(jiàn)令我有些誠(chéng)惶誠(chéng)恐。
When I first accepted the gracious invitation to address this Institute, I was especially excited about the prospect of speaking under the Chatham House Rule.最初接受來(lái)貴所演講的盛情邀請(qǐng)時(shí),一想到將有機(jī)會(huì)按照英國(guó)皇家國(guó)際事務(wù)研究院規(guī)則 演講,我就特剮興奮。
I understand the rule means the audience is free to use the information received at the meeting, but may not reveal the identity of the speaker, nor his affiliation.我知道,按照這一規(guī)則,聽(tīng)眾可以自由引用會(huì)上所獲信息,但不得披露演講者身份及其所屬組織。I thought to myself, now there's a rule we should apply from time to time at the United Nations.我心想,我們?cè)诼?lián)合國(guó)也應(yīng)當(dāng)不時(shí)采用這一規(guī)則。
I could get my message across, but keep a low profile at the same time.這樣我既可以表達(dá)想法,還能同時(shí)保持低調(diào)。
And conversely* those interested in grand-standing would have one less opportunity to do so.而反過(guò)來(lái),那些喜歡拋頭露面的人則少了一個(gè)炫耀的機(jī)會(huì)。But it was not to be.可這次演講將不啟用這一規(guī)則。
Having understood that this event is on the record, I will have to wait for another occasion to experience the Chatham House Rule at first hand.我知道這次活動(dòng)會(huì)記錄在案,我只好另找機(jī)會(huì)親身感受這一規(guī)則了。
Mr.Niblett, Director of Chatham House, 英國(guó)皇家國(guó)際事務(wù)研究所所長(zhǎng)寧布萊特先生,Excellencies, 閣下們
Ladies and gentlemen , 女士們,先生們:
It is truly a privilege to join such a distinguished group of experts and scholars, diplomats and opinion-makers, politicians and not least, representatives of civil societywho by then had become the UK Ambassador to the UNand the world as a whole-has come to appear much complicated.自那時(shí)起,聯(lián)合國(guó)乃至整個(gè)世界似乎變得更加復(fù)雜。So have the challenges confronting our Organization.聯(lián)合國(guó)所面臨的挑戰(zhàn)也是如此。
The perception of us is no longer so black and white, and tends now to be drawn in various shades of gray.如今,人們對(duì)我們的看法不再是非黑即白,而是傾向于不同程度的灰色。But if you are an optimist, as I am, you will paint the UN in brighter colors.但是,如果你們和我一樣,是樂(lè)觀主義者,那么你們會(huì)用更明快的色彩來(lái)勾畫(huà)聯(lián)合國(guó)。
You will know that our world of complex and global challenges is exactly the environment in which our United Nations should thrive-because these are challenges that no country can resolve on its own.你們會(huì)知道,我們的世界充滿了復(fù)雜的全球性挑戰(zhàn),而這正是聯(lián)合國(guó)應(yīng)該蓬勃發(fā)展的大好環(huán)境,因?yàn)槿魏我粋€(gè)國(guó)家都無(wú)法單獨(dú)應(yīng)對(duì)這些挑戰(zhàn)。
It is a world in which the UN can, and must, grow and take on new roles, develop and deliver on new fronts.正是在這樣的世界中,聯(lián)合國(guó)能夠并且必須成長(zhǎng)壯大,承擔(dān)新的任務(wù),開(kāi)辟新的戰(zhàn)線并在那里有所作為。
Thank you very much.多謝各位.
第三篇:英語(yǔ)口譯(二級(jí))講義
英語(yǔ)口譯(二級(jí))精講班第1講講義
001 二級(jí)口譯實(shí)務(wù)考試介紹
Lecture 1
1、二級(jí)口譯實(shí)務(wù)考試介紹
英語(yǔ)口譯二級(jí)考試分《口譯綜合能力》 和《口譯實(shí)務(wù)》測(cè)試兩部分,旨在檢測(cè)應(yīng)試者的口譯實(shí)踐能力是否達(dá)到專業(yè)譯員水平。合格的應(yīng)試者應(yīng)能熟練運(yùn)用口譯技巧,完整準(zhǔn)確地譯出原話內(nèi)容,無(wú)錯(cuò)譯漏譯。
英語(yǔ)口譯實(shí)務(wù)(二級(jí))考試含“英漢交替?zhèn)髯g”和“漢英交替?zhèn)髯g”。題量各占50%,含總量約1000單詞的英語(yǔ)講話兩篇和總量約1000漢字的漢語(yǔ)講話兩篇,時(shí)間約60分鐘。考試內(nèi)容涉及政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化、外交、旅游、信息科技、經(jīng)融貿(mào)易、環(huán)境保護(hù)、衛(wèi)生健康等,跟翻譯專業(yè)所要求掌握的知識(shí)和技能相一致,要求應(yīng)試者知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)分布合理,專業(yè)技能達(dá)到一定的水平。
英語(yǔ)口譯實(shí)務(wù)考試一律采取現(xiàn)場(chǎng)錄音的方式,考試結(jié)果記錄在磁帶上。考試的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)非常細(xì)化,一個(gè)考生的磁帶要有兩個(gè)以上的人去聽(tīng),并且聽(tīng)出來(lái)的結(jié)果基本一致,最后再由專家組根據(jù)考生錄音核定成績(jī)。
應(yīng)該說(shuō)英語(yǔ)口譯實(shí)務(wù)(二級(jí))考試具有一定的挑戰(zhàn)性,要求應(yīng)試者過(guò)語(yǔ)言關(guān)、知識(shí)關(guān)和技術(shù)關(guān),同時(shí)還要有穩(wěn)定的心理因素。按照翻譯專業(yè)人員的四個(gè)等級(jí)來(lái)劃分,即:助理翻譯、翻譯、副譯審和譯審,二級(jí)就是翻譯級(jí),也就是我們所說(shuō)的中級(jí)職稱。因此,二級(jí)口譯試題的定位基本上是針對(duì)大學(xué)外語(yǔ)專業(yè)比較優(yōu)秀的畢業(yè)生,經(jīng)過(guò)幾年的翻譯實(shí)踐應(yīng)能達(dá)到的水平。二級(jí)口譯考試模塊的設(shè)計(jì)也是基于這一理念,即要求應(yīng)試者具備比較全面的知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)和良好的雙語(yǔ)互譯能力。具體說(shuō)來(lái),應(yīng)試者應(yīng)具備良好的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)(Linguistic Knowledge)、語(yǔ)言外的知識(shí)(Extra-Linguistic Knowledge)以及分析能力(Analysis)。同時(shí)應(yīng)試者還應(yīng)具備敏銳的聽(tīng)力、良好的短時(shí)記憶、行之有效的筆記、以及準(zhǔn)確靈活的雙語(yǔ)表達(dá)等口譯所必須的基本能力。
2、口譯學(xué)習(xí)講解
技巧和語(yǔ)言基本功相結(jié)合。課程講解同時(shí)關(guān)注這兩點(diǎn)。
3、口譯技巧介紹
口譯技巧(Interpretation Techniques)根據(jù)口譯步驟(信息接收—信息儲(chǔ)存—信息處理—信息輸出)為基礎(chǔ),總結(jié)出以下技巧:(1)聽(tīng)辨;
(2)思維理解1—邏輯分析;
(3)思維理解2—信息視覺(jué);
(4)思維理解3 —將認(rèn)知信息納入理解軌道
(5)記憶機(jī)制1—瞬時(shí)記憶、短時(shí)記憶、長(zhǎng)時(shí)記憶;
(6)記憶機(jī)制2-記憶訓(xùn)練方法;
(7)筆記方法1—記什么?(8)筆記方法2—怎么記?
(9)數(shù)字口譯1—單純數(shù)字口譯
(10)數(shù)字口譯2—數(shù)字與信息相結(jié)合(11)習(xí)語(yǔ)的口譯;
(12)模糊信息處理技巧;
(13)口譯中的文化差異;
(14)口譯中的句法轉(zhuǎn)換;
(15)語(yǔ)境因素處理技巧;
(16)臨場(chǎng)應(yīng)變技巧。
我們將把這些技巧穿插在我們的講解之中,輔以必要練習(xí)。
4、口譯課程結(jié)構(gòu)介紹
每次課內(nèi)容安排:50分鐘
技巧講解和練習(xí)20' 語(yǔ)言練習(xí)10' 篇章練習(xí)20' 002 聽(tīng)辨技巧
一、聽(tīng)辨技巧
“聽(tīng)辨”,顧名思義,不僅要“聽(tīng)”還要“辨”,即思考、分析?!奥?tīng)辨”是口譯過(guò)程中的第一個(gè)階段。在這個(gè)過(guò)程中我們接收到源語(yǔ)信息,并通過(guò)種種分析手段把接收到的信息納入到我們的理解范疇,以便儲(chǔ)存和輸出。毫無(wú)疑問(wèn),口譯的成敗在很大程度上取決于聽(tīng)辨的過(guò)程。所以大家首先要對(duì)口譯的聽(tīng)辨過(guò)程有一個(gè)透徹的認(rèn)識(shí),以便有針對(duì)性地進(jìn)行練習(xí),以提高自己的聽(tīng)辨能力。
口譯中的聽(tīng)辨過(guò)程和大家平時(shí)在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中所接受的聽(tīng)力訓(xùn)練是不同的,但二者又有一定的聯(lián)系。
首先,具備良好的聽(tīng)力水平是培養(yǎng)好的聽(tīng)辨能力的基礎(chǔ)。換句話說(shuō),如果一個(gè)人的外語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力有問(wèn)題,那么無(wú)論他的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)能力有多強(qiáng),他都很難勝任口譯工作。然而光有好的聽(tīng)力還不夠,因?yàn)槁?tīng)辨過(guò)程還涉及到其他方面的能力。這一點(diǎn)可以從聽(tīng)力訓(xùn)練與聽(tīng)辨過(guò)程的區(qū)別中看出來(lái)。
1.英語(yǔ)的聽(tīng)力訓(xùn)練中比較注重語(yǔ)言層面,也就是說(shuō)他們會(huì)十分注意語(yǔ)音、語(yǔ)調(diào)和語(yǔ)言的表達(dá)及用法等。而譯員在聽(tīng)辨過(guò)程中所注重的是意思,或是講話者的意圖而不是具體的詞句表達(dá)。所以譯員在聽(tīng)到一段話之后在頭腦中形成的是一個(gè)有邏輯關(guān)系的語(yǔ)意整體,而不僅僅是詞句的簡(jiǎn)單集合。
2.聽(tīng)力練習(xí)中主要啟動(dòng)聽(tīng)覺(jué)系統(tǒng),理解只是一個(gè)被動(dòng)而附帶的過(guò)程。而譯員在聽(tīng)辨過(guò)程中不僅要啟動(dòng)聽(tīng)覺(jué)系統(tǒng),還要啟動(dòng)大腦中的分析理解機(jī)制和記憶機(jī)制。也就是說(shuō)譯員要邊聽(tīng)、邊分析、邊理解、邊記憶。所以,與一般的外語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)相比較而言,專業(yè)譯員要具有更強(qiáng)的分析能力,要會(huì)“一心多用”。
3.在聽(tīng)的過(guò)程中,信息接收是被動(dòng)和跟隨性的,對(duì)信息的反映略顯滯后。而譯員的聽(tīng)辨過(guò)程是積極而主動(dòng)的。在聽(tīng)的過(guò)程中伴有很大程度的預(yù)測(cè)和判斷行為。常常需要調(diào)動(dòng)非語(yǔ)言因素對(duì)所聽(tīng)內(nèi)容進(jìn)行分析、整理、補(bǔ)充和聯(lián)想等。
4.用作聽(tīng)力訓(xùn)練的材料,信息比較清晰,雜音干擾較少。而譯員在口譯工作中所處的信息環(huán)境是現(xiàn)場(chǎng)性的,因此不確定性因素較多;信息干擾、信息缺失時(shí)有發(fā)生。而且,講話者以交流為唯一目的,在信息發(fā)布過(guò)程中并不照顧或考慮譯員的狀態(tài)。
綜上所述,口譯的聽(tīng)辨過(guò)程較一般外語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力訓(xùn)練過(guò)程要復(fù)雜得多,對(duì)能力的要求也要高得多。大家需要建立這樣一個(gè)意識(shí),即口譯的過(guò)程不是一個(gè)信息背誦加字詞翻譯的過(guò)程。而是一個(gè)通過(guò)聽(tīng)辨將信息接收、理解,再用譯入語(yǔ)將理解了的信息加以表達(dá)的過(guò)程。以下提供一些訓(xùn)練方法供大家參考,以英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)辨能力的訓(xùn)練為主。
1.可以選擇一些英文有聲資料(最好是現(xiàn)場(chǎng)講話)或是請(qǐng)練習(xí)搭檔模擬現(xiàn)場(chǎng)發(fā)言。聽(tīng)過(guò)一段話后,在不記筆記的情況下用源語(yǔ)(英文)進(jìn)行復(fù)述。注意在聽(tīng)的過(guò)程中要把注意力從詞句表達(dá)上移開(kāi),而專注于整段話的邏輯意思。在復(fù)述時(shí)不要拘泥于原文的詞句,更不要試圖背原話。意思和邏輯關(guān)系要盡量復(fù)述的準(zhǔn)確完整。
2.在聽(tīng)辨訓(xùn)練的初級(jí)階段,如果還不能完全掌握邊聽(tīng)、邊分析、邊記憶的技能,可采取就所聽(tīng)內(nèi)容進(jìn)行提問(wèn)的方式建立邏輯關(guān)系。比如可以將注意力放在WHAT、WHO、WHEN AND WHERE、HOW AND WHY 等幾個(gè)要素上。通過(guò)這種方式增強(qiáng)邏輯分析意識(shí),努力跟上講話人的思路,從而對(duì)所聽(tīng)語(yǔ)篇有一個(gè)正確的理解。
3.每段講話的長(zhǎng)度可隨熟練程度的加強(qiáng)而逐步增加:比如從聽(tīng)?zhēng)拙湓挼铰?tīng)一小段,從一小段到一大段到數(shù)段等。并且可以嘗試聽(tīng)各種不同風(fēng)格的講話。選題也可以從比較熟悉的領(lǐng)域逐步擴(kuò)展到比較陌生的領(lǐng)域,以培養(yǎng)臨場(chǎng)適應(yīng)能力和分析綜合的能力。
練習(xí)1:
要求,認(rèn)真聽(tīng)原文,不要記筆記,根據(jù)WHAT、WHO、WHEN AND WHERE、HOW AND WHY 幾大要素總結(jié)段落大意。
Tea drinking was common in China for nearly one thousand years before anyone in Europe had ever heard about tea.People in Britain were much slower in finding out what tea was like, mainly because tea was very expensive.It could not be bought in shops and even those people who could afford to have it sent from Holland did so only because it was a fashionable curiosity.Some of them were not sure how to use it.They thought it was a vegetable and tried cooking the leaves.Then they served them mixed with butter and salt.They soon discovered their mistake but many people used to spread the used tea leaves on bread and give them to their children as sandwiches.What's the general idea of this short passage? Compared with the Chinese, People in Europe, particularly in Britain were much slower in finding out what tea was like, and how to use it.They cooked tea leaves as vegetable and served them with butter and salt and even made them part of Children's sandwiches.練習(xí)2 Tea remained scarce and very expensive in England until the ships of the East India Company began to bring it direct from China early in the seventeenth century.During the next few years so much tea came into the country that the price fell and many people could afford to buy it.At the same time people on the Continent were becoming more and more fond of tea.Until then tea had been drunk without milk in it, but one day a famous French lady named Madame de Sevigne decided to see what tea tasted like when milk was added.She found it so pleasant that she would never again drink it without milk.Because she was such a great lady her friends thought they must copy everything she did, so they also drank their tea with milk in it.Slowly this habit spread until it reached England and today only very few Britons drink tea without milk.General idea:
Tea remained scarce and very expensive in England until the ships of the East India Company began to bring it direct from China early in the seventeenth century.?? On the continent, people used to drink tea without milk until a French lady invented the habit of drinking tea with milk.003 詞匯積累
二、主題練習(xí)——會(huì)議致辭詞匯
詞匯積累
(致)歡迎/開(kāi)幕/閉幕詞(deliver/make)a welcome/opening/closing speech/address/lecture 開(kāi)/閉/揭幕式 opening/closing/unveiling ceremony
舉行烈士紀(jì)念碑的揭幕典禮 unveil a monument to the martyrs 為展覽會(huì)揭幕 inaugurate an exhibition 奠基典禮 foundation laying ceremony 開(kāi)學(xué)典禮 school’s opening ceremony
畢業(yè)典禮 graduation ceremony /commencement 開(kāi)國(guó)大典 founding ceremony of a state 婚禮 wedding ceremony 慶典 celebration 答謝宴會(huì) return banquet 晚宴 evening reception/dinner 招待會(huì)/宴會(huì) reception 冷餐招待會(huì) buffet reception 聯(lián)歡/新年/篝火晚會(huì) get-together/spring festival/campfire party 酒會(huì) cocktail party 宣布…開(kāi)幕 declare…open;declare the commencement of … 宣布…閉幕 declare the closing/conclusion of … 陛下 Your/His/Her Majesty 殿下 Your/His/Her(Royal/Imperial/Serene)Highness 閣下 Your/His/Her Honor/Excellency 貴賓們 distinguished guests 尊敬的主席先生respectable/honorable/respected Mr.President 至此… 之際 on the occasion of 代表… on behalf of …
我愿借此機(jī)會(huì)… I would like to take this opportunity to …/ I would like to avail myself of this great opportunity to …
我代表中國(guó)政府向各位來(lái)賓表示熱烈歡迎,對(duì)會(huì)議的召開(kāi)表示衷心祝賀!On behalf of the Chinese government, I would like to extend our sincere welcome to all the guests here and to express our warm congratulations on the convening of this session.最后,祝各位在北京生活愉快,并祝會(huì)議圓滿成功!
Finally, I wish a full success of the conference and wish you all a pleasant stay here in Beijing.
第四篇:會(huì)議致辭 二級(jí)口譯
Thank you , Lord Hurd, for your kind words.It is an honor and plesaure to be here.When I left Brussels yesterday, it was 12 degree celsius and hailing.Here , it was 25 degree and sunny.Speaking of climate change, I don’t understand why you British are always complaining about the weahter.I confess I am a little intimitated, LordHurd , at being moderated by a veteran statesman of your distinction.When I first accepted the gracious invitation to address this institute, I was especially excited about the prospect of speaking under the Chatham House Rule.I understand the rule means the audience is free to use the information received at the meeting, but may not reveal the identity of the speaker , nor his affiliation.I thought to myself , now there is a rule we should apply from time to time at the United Nations.I could get my message across,but keep a low profile at the same time.And conversely, those interested in grand-standing would have one less opportunity to do so.But it was not to be.Having understood that this event is on the record, I will have to wait for another occasion to experience the Chatham House Rule at first hand.Mr.Niblett,Director of Chatham House,Excellencies,Ladies and gentlemen,It is truly a privilege to join such a distinguished group of experts and scholars, diplomatsand opinion-makers, politicians and not
least ,representatives of civil society---key partners of the United Nations In shaping both policy and practice.They say the United Nations has a way of getting caught in the crossfire between its uncritical lovers and unloving critics.Here at Chatham House, I feel surrounded by true friends---those best defined as loving critics or even critical lovers: well-informed allies of the UN, unwavering but by no means unquestioning supporters.Since the foundation of the UN, the UK has been a cornerstone of our suppor base.It may have been in San Francisco that the United Ntions Charter was signed in 1945;that but it was here in London , the follwing year ,that the UN saw the light of day as a working orgnization.Juston the other side of St ,James’s Park, in Centural Hall Westminster, the General Assembly met for the first time.Across the street from there , in Church House, the Security Council came into being.it was at westminster, as London was rising from the ravages of world war 2 , that my first predecessor as Secretary-General ,Trygve Lie, was installed.He replaced the acting Secretary-General , who was a none other than the distinguished UK dimplomat, sir Gladwyn Jebb.Already in the 1950s, Sir Gladwyn---who by then had become the UK Ambassador to the UN—was shrewd enough to spot the uncritical lovers versus the unloving critics.He did so by studying the newspaper cartoons of the day.At one extreme of the cartoon spectrum, the UN was portayed as an angelic figure, but not a terribly intelligent-looking one.She was sometimes labeled ― peace‖, and usually being assulted by a brutal and uniformed aggressor.At the other extreme , the UN was a bald and middle-aged gentleman of dubious and obviously foreign appearance, wearing a top hat and long coat.He would be plotting with another gentleman of the same type over a green baize table.So one caricature suggested and idealistic international authority, constantly thwarted by wicked maneuvers of politicians;the other an evil international plot against sovereignty.Today , when people look back on those early years of the UN, they think of the promise the Organization held.They think of the idealism and unity that inspired the San Francisco Conference, and the signing of the Charter.They think of the creation of landmark documents, such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.They think of the courageous pioneers who joined and shaped the Organization in its fledgling years.In my country , too , those early years were associated with a steadfast sense of faith in the UN.As I was growing up in a war-torn and destitute Korea, the UN stood by my peoplein our darkest hour.The UN gave us hope and sustenance.Its flag was a beacon of better days to come.And in the course of my own lifetime, with the assitance of the UN, THE Republic of Korea was able to rebuild itself from a country torn
apart by war , with a non-existent economy, into a reginoal economic power and major contributor to the Organization.That support helped me make the journey to this podium today.For that, I am deeply thankful.Since then , the UN –and the world as a whole –has come to appear much complicated.So have the challenges confronting our Organization.The perception of us is no longer so black and white, and tends now to be drawn in various shades of gray.But if you are an optimist ,as I am , you will paint the UN in brighter colors.You will know that our world of complex and global challenges is exactly the environment in which our UN shoulf thrive –because these are challenges that no country can resolve on its own.It is a world in which the UN can, and must, grow and take on new roles, develop and deliver on new fronts.Thank u very much
第五篇:二級(jí)口譯考試經(jīng)驗(yàn)
catti 二口 二戰(zhàn)經(jīng)驗(yàn)分享 希望幫到大家
背景介紹: 雅思 7.5 / 托福 106 / 專八 79 / 專四:80 / 上海中高級(jí)口譯證書(shū) / 大學(xué)期間上過(guò)口譯培訓(xùn)班 /
良心建議三點(diǎn):1.英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)說(shuō)讀寫(xiě)基礎(chǔ)扎實(shí),尤其是聽(tīng)力!否則準(zhǔn)備口譯事倍功半。我的聽(tīng)力基本功是大學(xué)里聽(tīng)寫(xiě)并跟讀常速BBC 和VOA 以及高級(jí)listening to this 打下的。聽(tīng)力練習(xí)材料個(gè)人認(rèn)為不需精挑細(xì)選,大量的輸入和復(fù)雜句型的快速反應(yīng)是關(guān)鍵。2.系統(tǒng)學(xué)習(xí)口譯:不管什么形式,大學(xué)口譯課程或校外培訓(xùn)班都可以,不要閉門(mén)造車(chē),雖然我是九年前上過(guò)一段時(shí)間的口譯入門(mén)課,真心受益匪淺。通過(guò)老師的講解,你會(huì)明白如何記筆記(重中之重),然后自己不斷去實(shí)踐,找到理解和筆記的平衡點(diǎn)。3.再痛苦,也要錄音,做視譯是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠的!只有不斷錄音并回聽(tīng)自己的錄音,慢慢揣摩你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)哪個(gè)音調(diào)聽(tīng)起來(lái)是舒服的,哪個(gè)說(shuō)話頻率是適合的,哪種說(shuō)話方式是自信的。
具體到兩場(chǎng)考試對(duì)比:去年11月5號(hào)一戰(zhàn),綜合部分:那場(chǎng)考得還行(69分)關(guān)鍵就是抓緊一切時(shí)間理解題目并注意一些字眼,比如:nearly,totally,not等,這些地方容易混淆視聽(tīng)。但是!切不可小瞧綜合,這次我的綜合就只有60分。做篇章聽(tīng)力部分明顯感覺(jué)很多信息處理不過(guò)來(lái),當(dāng)時(shí)真有一種考試還未開(kāi)始就要結(jié)束的感覺(jué)??偨Y(jié):綜合一定要爭(zhēng)分奪秒的看題且多做教材和真題,熟悉catti 套路,至于summary 我的理解是:抓住總起類(lèi)句子且保證文章邏輯通順即可。
實(shí)務(wù)部分:一戰(zhàn)時(shí)英譯中很多地方?jīng)]聽(tīng)懂,自己強(qiáng)行編造或省略,切身體會(huì):如果英翻中你自己都覺(jué)得編了或漏了超過(guò)2/5,那應(yīng)該就是沒(méi)戲了。中譯英部分自己覺(jué)得還行,但翻譯的語(yǔ)調(diào)不夠沉穩(wěn),會(huì)的地方說(shuō)得很溜,不會(huì)的地方明顯慢下來(lái)。最后我的實(shí)務(wù):48!二戰(zhàn)感覺(jué)英譯中的理解比上次好多了,幾乎只有兩處左右沒(méi)聽(tīng)懂,但是中文表達(dá)始終欠缺,有些累贅或僵硬。所以積累和鞏固通俗中文表達(dá)是非常必要的。中譯英部分自我判斷一帶一路會(huì)是熱門(mén),所以忽略了最基本的經(jīng)濟(jì)加數(shù)字類(lèi)話題的練習(xí)。翻得時(shí)候不夠自信,有停頓(但沒(méi)有嗯),表達(dá)單一,甚至還有一個(gè)重要數(shù)字沒(méi)有聽(tīng)到??傊?,當(dāng)時(shí)走出考場(chǎng),挺失落的,還夾雜著一絲遺憾,想著為什么平時(shí)沒(méi)有更努力一些。今天查分,實(shí)務(wù)也是60分,所以算是擦線過(guò)了。心里只有感恩。為什么分?jǐn)?shù)不高?我認(rèn)為可以歸結(jié)到平時(shí)練習(xí)量還是不夠。
兩次備考都用的官方教材,最后20天用真題練習(xí)。唯一的區(qū)別是降低視譯的練習(xí)量,老老實(shí)實(shí)做錄音,再回放,想想哪些地方需要改進(jìn),再錄。非常注重輸出效果。
我始終記得一位口譯老師講過(guò):高壓之下,人的許多動(dòng)作都會(huì)變形??紙?chǎng)上高度緊張,許多平時(shí)可以處理的信息也會(huì)一下子就亂套。所以高強(qiáng)度的練習(xí)是唯一辦法,并時(shí)刻注意錄音效果,形成條件反射??紙?chǎng)上必定會(huì)碰到處理困難的信息,此刻切記保持冷靜,更加注意語(yǔ)音語(yǔ)調(diào),把你的沉著通過(guò)你的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)出來(lái)??偠灾?,平時(shí)多練一分,考場(chǎng)上的意外和困難就會(huì)少一分,與所有有夢(mèng)想的人共勉!