第一篇：高級英語復習筆記及講解2

本資料來自英語自考網http://004km.cnpleted by the end of this month（in）one way or another.不管用什么方式，這個項目必須在這個月底結束。

b.batten on ： thrive，or prosper，or live in luxury（on）（esp.at the expoense of others）（靠他人犧牲而）興旺，過奢侈的生活，（損人）肥飽私囊

13.Some of us find this distasteful-an undignified kind of life.distasteful ： disagreeable ； unpleasant 討厭的，令人不愉快的。

如：Jazz is distasteful to me.我討厭爵士樂。（爵士樂不合我的口味）

14.But for the poor in spirit，with low levels of both energy and pride，it may be the least intolerable choice available.avaible ： ready for use ； readily obtainable

a.（立即）可利用的；可得到的。

如：employ all means available 采用一切可能的方法。

The dress is available in all sizes.這種款式的服裝大小尺寸都有。

b.（人）有空的。

如：I‘ll be available tomorrow morning.我明天早上有空。

15.This strategy has ancient antecedents.antecedent ： preceding thing or circumstance，esp.（pl.）past history of a person 前事，前情；

（復數）身世，經歷，人的過去歷史。

如； a woman of shady antecedent 一個來歷可疑的女人

16.?? that is，the city，with all its ugliness and tension.tension ： mental strain 緊張。

英語自考網004km.cne short of，become exhausted 用完。

如； We ran out of petrol the other day.那一天我們汽油用光了。

We are running out of time.我們已經沒有時間了。

19.Plot a Revolution

plot ： plan secretly 密謀。

如：They plotted how to kill him.他們密謀如何殺死他。

The criminals were plotting to rob the bank.犯罪密謀搶銀行。

20.?? those who have no patience with the tedious workings of the democratic process and who believe that the institytion can only be changed by force.a.tedious ： long and tiresome 冗長乏味的。

如：a tedious lecture 冗長的演講；tedious work 乏味的工作

b.working（s）： action，operation 工作，運作。

如：the workings of the mind，the workings of the nature 自然的運作

21.To them it offers a romantic appeal，usually symbolized by some dashing and charismatic figure.a.a romantic appeal ： appeal n.： the power to attract the mind or emotions 吸引力。

如：Such life has no appeal for me.這種生活對我沒有吸引力。

That sort of music has lost its appeal for me.這種音樂已經失去了對我的吸引力。

v.appeal to ： 吸引。

如：Does the menu appeal to me？ 菜單吸引我了嗎？

英語自考網004km.cne off，??

come off ： happen，occur 發(fā)生。

如：The invasion came off last week.入侵是上星期發(fā)生的。

To be effective or successful 生效，成功。

如：She didn‘t come off well in the interview.她的面試不很成功。

24.I am not，of course，suggesting that revolutions accomplish nothing.accomplish ： bring to a successful conclusion ； achievement 完成。

如：accomplish something / a great deal / miracles 實現某種目標/取得很大成就/實現奇跡

accomplish ： skilled，expert 熟練的，內行的。

如：an accomplish golf player 技術精湛的高爾夫運動員

accomplishment（s）修養(yǎng)，才藝。

如：a woman of many accomplishment 多才多藝的女人

25.For at best their victory never dawns on the shining new world they had dreamed of，cleansed of all human meanness.cleanse ： make clean 清洗。

如：She cleansed the wound with alcohol.她用酒精清洗傷口。

cleanse sin from the soul = cleanse the soul of sin 清洗靈魂的罪惡

26.At first glance，this course is far from inviting.inviting ： temptingly attractive 誘人的。

如：an inviting smile 迷人的微笑/an inviting dish 誘人的菜肴

27.It depends on the exasperting and uncertain instruments of persuasion ??

exasperate ： annoy extremely 令人怒不可遏

英語自考網004km.cne into view in indistint and enlarged form 忽隱忽現。

如：The iceberg loomed out of the mist.冰山在迷霧中忽隱忽現。

Dangers are looming ahead.危險陰森森地逼近。

30.?? of coping with war in unfamiliar guises.guise ： a false or assumed appearance or disguise 外貌，偽裝。

如：an old idea in a new guise 老觀念新面貌（新瓶裝舊酒）

in the guise of 打扮成??的樣子。

如：the king in the guise of a beggar 裝扮成乞丐的國王

under the guise of 以??為借口。

如：under the guise of friendship 以友誼為幌子

31.It dawned on us rather suddenly that ??

dawn on ： begin to be known，or realized 常用先行詞it，表示“明白過來”。

如：It has slowly dawned upon me that he will not lend a helping hand to us when we are in trouble.我慢慢明白，當我們碰到麻煩的時候，他是不會伸出援手的。

英語自考網www.absee.net以優(yōu)質資料及高效的訪問速度，為大家提供最新自考信息，祝愿大家早日畢業(yè)!

第二篇：高級英語復習

Death of a pig

1.It is tragedy enacted on most farms with perfect fidelity to the original script.The murder, being premeditated, is in the first degree but is quick and skillful, and the smoked bacon and ham provide a ceremonial ending whose fitness is seldom questioned.2.A pig couldn’t ask for anything better-or none has, at any rate.3.…and when a pig(or a child)refuses supper a chill wave of fear runs through any household, or ice-household.4.you could see him down there at all hours, his white face parting the grass along the fence as he wobbled and stumbled about, his stethoscope dangling-a happy quack, writing his villainous prescriptions and grinning his corrosive grin.5.When the enema bag appeared, and the bucket of warm suds, his happiness was complete, and he managed to squeeze his enormous body between the two lowest rails of the yard and then assumed full charge of the irrigation.6.…ours was a businesslike procession, with Fred, the dishonorable pallbearer, staggering along in the rear, his preserve bereavement showing in every seam in his face;and the post-mortem performed handily and swiftly right at the edge of the grave, so that the inwards that had caused the pig’s death precede him into the ground and he lay at last resting squarely on the cause of his undoing.7...and the premature expiration of a pig is, I soon discovered, a departure which the community marks solemnly on its calendar, a sorrow in which it feels fully involved.8.I have written this account in penitence and in grief, as a man who failed to raise his pig, and to explain my deviation from the classic course of so many raised pigs.9.The graves in the woods is unmarked, but Fred can direst the mourner to it unerringly and with immense good will, and I know he and I shall often revisit it, singly and together, in seasons of reflection and despair, on flagless memorial days of our own choosing.翻譯

10.He stood his ground, sucking slightly at the residue of oil;a few drops leaked out of his lips while his wicked eyes, shaded by their coy little lashes, turned on me in his disgust and hatred.它站穩(wěn)身子，輕輕最了最殘留的蓖麻油：有幾滴蓖麻油從它唇上滴下來，它狡黠的雙眼轉向我，在纖細的睫毛遮擋下，充滿了厭惡與怨恨。

11.we had been having an unreasonable spell of weather –hot, close days, with the fog shutting in every night, scaling for a few hours in mid-day, then creeping back again at dark, drifting in first over the trees on the point, then suddenly blowing across the field, blotting out theworld and taking possession of houses, men, and animals.一段時間以來，氣候始終很怪異—白天又悶又熱，夜晚霧氣沉沉，中午前后有幾個小時霧氣散開，隨后又隨夜幕潛入，它先是浮動在樹梢上，募地就吹向原野，籠罩世界，吞噬了房舍，人和畜生。

12.with very small, timid pigs, weanlings, this ruse is often quite successful and will encourage them to eat;but with a large, sick pig the ruse is senseless and the sound I made must have made him feel, if anything, more miserable.這個把戲，對那些羞怯的小豬，剛斷奶的幼崽很管用，往往就能鼓動它們進食，但對一頭病中的大豬，卻毫無意義。我的嘖嘖聲，如果還有作用，怕也只是讓它覺得更加悲慘。

13.from the lustiness of a healthy pig man derives a feeling of personal lustiness;the stuff that goes into the trough and is received with such enthusiasm is am earnest of some later feast of his own, and when this suddenly comes to an end and the food lies stale and untouched, souring in the sun, the pig’s imbalance becomes the man’s, vicariously, and life seems insecure, displaced, transitory.健康的豬精神氣兒十足，人能從中感覺到自己的健旺，倒入食槽的飼料給它開心地吃干凈，預示著自己今后的盛宴也有了著落，一旦這一切突然停滯，飼料放在那里變了味兒，原封不動地在太陽下餿掉，豬的失調就轉換成了人的失調，生活似乎從此變得捉摸不定，紊亂無著，讓人難以把握。

14.The pig’s lot and mine were inextricably bound now, as though the rubber tube were the silver cord.From then until the time of his death I held the pig steadily in the bowl of my mind;the task of trying to deliver him from his misery became a strong obsession.His suffering soon became the embodiment of all earthly wretchedness.現在這頭豬的命運與我的命運緊緊地聯(lián)系在一起，就像膠皮管與膠帶糾纏在一起。從這一刻開始直到它死，我心中再也拋不開它，我魔怔了一般，只想如何來解除它的痛苦。它的不幸很快成了世界一切苦難的象征。

15.The awakening had been violent and I minded it all the more because I knew that what could be true of my pig could be true also of the rest of my tidy world.I tried to put this distasteful idea from me, but it kept recurring.此番覺醒來勢迅猛，想到發(fā)生在豬身上的事，同樣也會發(fā)生在我那本來有條有理的小天地的其他地方，更令我難以釋懷。我努力打消這種討厭的想法，但它去而復來。

16.…all of us working in darkness and in comfort, working with the instinctive

teamwork induced by emergency conditions, the pig unprotesting, the house shadowy, protesting, intimate.大家都在暗夜中安祥地忙碌，突發(fā)事件激發(fā)了我們本能的協(xié)作精神，豬不吵不鬧，房舍隱在朦朧中，警醒而又親切。

17.everything about this last scene seemed overwritten-dismal sky, the shabby

woods, the imminence of rain, the worm(legendary bedfellow of the dead), the apple(conventional garnish of a pig)

這最后一幕的每件事。似乎都給人寫濫了—灰暗的天空，荒涼的叢林，迫近的陰雨，蚯蚓（傳說中與尸體作伴的），蘋果（烤豬是常用作點綴的）

Inaugural Address

1.For man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human

poverty and all forms of human life.2.… unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of those human rights…

3.to those peoples in the huts and villages of half the globe struggling to break the

bonds of mass misery, we pledge our best efforts to help them help themselves…

4.But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers.5.and let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master

of its own house.6.…before the dark powers of destruction unleashed by science engulf all

humanity in planned or accidental self-destruction.7.…yet both racing to alter the uncertain balance of terror that stays the hand of

mankind’s final war.8.…civility is not a sign of weakness, and sincerity is always subject to proof.9.let both sides seek to invoke the wonders of science instead of its terrors

10.…each generation of Americans has been summoned to give testimony to its

national loyalty.翻譯

11.We observe today not a victory of party but a celebration of

freedom-symbolizing an end as well as beginning-signifying renewal as well as change.12.United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures.Divided ,there is little we can do-for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and

split asunder.13.…one form of colonial control shall not have passed away merely to be replaced by a far more iron tyranny.14.…and to remember that, in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.15...we renew our pledge of support-to prevent it from becoming merely a forum for invective-to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak-and to enlarge the area in which its writ may run.16.For only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed.17.Let us never negotiate out of fear.But let us never fear to negotiate.我們不會由于恐懼而去談判：但是我們永遠不畏懼談判。

18.And if a beachhead of cooperation may push back the jungles of suspicion.如果小小的一點合作能驅散深深的猜疑。

19.In your hands, my fellow citizens, more than mine, will rest the final success and failure of our course.同胞們，我們事業(yè)的最終成敗不是掌握在我的手中，而是掌握在你們手中。

20.Ask not what your country can do for you-ask what you can do for your country.不要問你的國家能為你做什么-首先要問你能為你的國家做什么

A Rose for Emily

1.But garages and cotton gins had encroached and obliterated even the august names of that neighborhood;

2.Not that Miss Emily would have accepted charity.3.”just-as if a man-any man-could keep a kitchen properly,” the ladies said…

What the ladies said meant that they did not in the least believe a man, any man, could keep a kitchen properly.It was another link between the gross, teeming world and the high and mighty Griersons.The Griersons regarded themselves as very important and the outside world as vulgar and full of people inferior to them.They belonged to two entirely different worlds.However, the complaints about smell served as a link between the two different worlds and compelled Miss Emily to deal with the outside world.The next day he received two more complaints, one from a man who came in diffident deprecation

The next day the mayor received two more complaints.One of them was from a man who came and pleaded to the mayor in a shy and timid way.6.People in our town, remembering how old lady Wyatt, her great-aunt, had gone completely crazy at last, believed that the Griersons held themselves a little too high for what they really were.People in the town fell that the Grierson family regarded themselves more important

than they really deserved to be.The fact that Miss Emily’s great-aunt, old lady Wyatt, had gone crazy had to do with this blind, excessive self-importance.7.Now she too would know the old thrill and the old despair of a penny more or less.Ordinary people often become excited or worried when they get a penny more or a penny less.Being poor, now she would learn to appreciate the value of money like other people in the town.8.But there were still others, older people, who said that even grief could not cause a real lady to forget noblesse oblige-without calling it noblesse oblige.9.We were glad because the two female cousins were even more Grierson than Miss Emily had ever been.10..…and the very old men…confusing time with its mathematical progression, as the old do, to whom all the past is not a diminishing road but, instead, a huge meadow which no winter ever quite touches, divided from them now by the narrow bottle-neck of the most recent decade of years.翻譯

11.When Miss Emily Grierson died, our whole town went to her funeral: the men through a sort of respectful affection for a fallen monument, the women mostly out of curiosity to see the inside of her house, which no one save an old man-servant--a combined gardener and cook--had seen in at least ten years.=

12.And now Miss Emily had gone to join the representatives of those august names where they lay in the cedar-bemused cemetery among the ranked and anonymous graves of Union and Confederate soldiers who fell at the battle of Jefferson.13.Alive, Miss Emily had been a tradition, a duty, and a care;a sort of hereditary obligation upon the town.埃米莉在世時，一直是傳統(tǒng)的化身，履行責任和給予關照的對象，這是全鎮(zhèn)人沿襲下來的一種義務…

14.They were admitted by the old Negro into a dim hall from which a stairway mounted into still more shadow.接待他們的是那個黑人男仆，他們來到陰暗的門廳，廳里的樓梯通往光線更加一男的樓上

15… and when they sat down, a faint dust rose sluggishly about their thighs, spinning with slow motes in the single sunray

他們落座時，一股細細的灰塵在大腿周圍慢慢揚起，在射進的唯一一縷陽光中，與塵粒一起緩緩地旋轉著。

16.Her skeleton was small and spare;perhaps that was why what would have been merely plumpness in another was obesity in her.因為她的骨架小，換了別人只是有點富態(tài)，而到她身上就顯得肥胖了。

17.So the next night, after midnight, four men crossed Miss Emily's lawn and slunk about the house like burglars, sniffing along the base of the brickwork and at the cellar openings while one of them performed a regular sowing motion with his hand out of a sack slung from his shoulder.18.They had not even been represented at the funeral.19.Miss Emily just stared at him, her head tilted back in order to look him eye for eye, until he looked away and went and got the arsenic and wrapped it up.20.Now and then we would see her in one of the downstairs windows--she had evidently shut up the top floor of the house--like the carven torso of an idol in a niche, looking or not looking at us, we could never tell which.

第三篇：盜墓筆記講解

盜墓筆記的故事，大體可以很好的分塊。

1.最早發(fā)生的事情，是在長沙的鏢子嶺。

幾個解放初期的盜墓賊從戰(zhàn)國古墓中盜出了本書的一條主線：戰(zhàn)國帛書。這是吳邪爺爺輩的事情，也就是狗五爺年少時候的故事，當時還沒有江湖上的排行，當時最有名的一共是九個人，陳皮阿四，狗五，黑背老六等等，其中最末的九是解阿九，也就是解連環(huán)的老爸，這是吳邪沒提過的。

后面也有所謂的十爺，十一爺，那承認的范圍就很小，都是自己或者手下封的，說到外面別人都不知道。

有人說陳皮阿四九十多了，五十年前他也四十了，而當時狗五還不大，算他當時十七歲，年少成名，也得十年，那時候算二十七，如何能排在近五十的陳皮阿四后面，成為狗五？如此排下去，解小九當時不是在穿開襠褲？

這有點無理取鬧，有點常識的都知道江湖上排的不是年齡，而是資歷和輩分，而且這些都是人家給排的，吳邪爺爺的狗五，排的如此高，可見他當時的手腕和魄力的確是厲害，讓人不得不服。

2.第二個故事，同樣發(fā)生在鏢子嶺。

那是吳邪三叔夜盜血尸墓截了美國人的胡的那件事情，事情發(fā)生在第一個故事發(fā)生約二十年到三十年后，這件事情可以說完全是巧合，而三叔也由此知道了當年吳邪爺爺他們第一次下血尸墓，血尸墓底下發(fā)生的事情。這一次冒險，三叔上升了經驗值若干，得到了一顆奇怪的丹藥。這只是一個插曲，但是這件事情，可以說是以后西沙事件的起因了。

3.第三個故事，發(fā)生在西沙的外海。

也就是三叔怒海潛沙的故事了，本故事中張起靈的出現形成了本書最大的迷團，這個故事有兩個版本，一個三叔的忽悠版本，一個是三叔歷盡波劫后坦誠的版本，到底有多少是真實的，現在還不知道，因為在三叔心中，必然還有一個巨大的秘密，而這個秘密從現在看來，似乎和吳邪有關，所以從三叔口中得知西沙完全的事實，似乎并不現實，吳邪只有去找三叔之外的幸存者。

4.第四個故事，發(fā)生在山東的七星魯王宮內。

這是本作的第一個故事，也是吳邪的第一次下地，經歷過這一次后吳邪從堅定的無神論者變成了神經病者，參與到這種犯罪活動中實在是好奇心作怪，這個故事中，靠著悶油瓶的力挽狂瀾，吳邪們最終逃出了生天，由此之前的三個故事，通過這個故事有機的融合到了一起，戰(zhàn)國帛書，西沙海底時間，莫名的丹藥，幾條線索聚合，整個故事開始極端的撲朔迷離。

5.第五個故事，重新回到了西沙外海。

這一次是吳邪自己再次進入到汪藏海的墓穴，時隔又將近二十年，尋找消失在墓穴中的三叔，此時的三叔，已經從海底得到了天宮的線索，開始了云頂天宮的計劃，而吳邪們還像傻瓜一樣，進入到了里面，這是一次于汪藏海相隔千年的博弈，最后是王胖子的不拐彎的思維，讓吳邪們再次活了下來，在這個故事中，本作中的三股力量終于匯聚到了一起，謎團開始發(fā)展，追求真相的吳邪們，有著自己計劃的三叔以及前幾個故事中陰魂不散的海外力量，在這里第一次面對面的開始了較量。兩條主線中，故事順著汪藏海千年前寫好的劇本發(fā)展了下去。而另一條暫時中斷了。

6.第六個故事，秦嶺神樹

這是詬病最多的一個故事，編輯們認為最好，最有文學性，讀者認為不知所謂的一個故事，這個故事和主線關系不大，只是引出了山底下巨大的青銅古跡，同時也讓主角的能力得到了提升，在這個故事中，吳邪獨立帶領著心懷不軌的童年好友，深入到了秦嶺深處，這個故事對于吳邪來說，有時候想想，好比是一個長長的夢，大有不真實的感覺。

7.第七個故事，長白山，永遠的云頂天宮。

這是最艱難的探險，也是吳邪寫的最痛苦的一篇，各路人馬帶著各自的謎團走上死亡之路，漫天的白雪，狹窄雪域中的痛苦跋涉，在雪域中，吳邪們找到了一千年前汪藏海試圖留給后人的終極秘密，然而，這個秘密在地底巨大的青銅門之前，戛然而止，深入到地底巨門中的張起靈，似乎是唯一一個最貼近這個秘密的人。汪藏海的主線到了這里停止了，鐵面生的主線重新開始。

8.第八個故事，就是蛇沼鬼城。

由線索拼接成的另外兩個故事，貫徹了整個故事，第一個是汪藏海的傳奇，吳邪整理出來之后，發(fā)現是絕好小說題材，用古龍的風格來寫，必然是一本奇書，吳邪有生之年一定要把它寫出來。

第二個是現在開始慢慢成型的，鐵面生的故事。

現在你可以清晰的看到了故事的原點，山中的巨大青銅神跡和蛇沼鬼城背后的秘密，而歷史上，有兩個超越時代的人，窺得了這個秘密，一個就是戰(zhàn)國時代鐵面生，一個就是明初的汪藏海，從現有的資料來看，吳邪們并不知道他們之間有沒有直接的聯(lián)系，但是可以看到的是，鐵面生必然應該有更加豐富的資料，畢竟，他的時代離神話時代，十分的靠近，而從他們的墓穴中都有那種丹藥來判斷，兩個人應該是共同的地方。

最起碼，兩個人都將自己的經歷使用某種方式流傳了下來——戰(zhàn)國帛書和蛇眉銅魚。而吳邪們正是追尋著這兩個線索，逐漸揭開了這撲朔迷離的面紗。

在這個故事里，吳邪一行人來到塔木托尋找西王母城。在這里最麻煩的不是血尸或者機關，而是熱帶雨林中的蛇。生活在這里的雞冠蛇能夠模仿人類說話，吳邪胖子不僅吃了大虧，連悶油瓶都被蛇咬了。

在第八卷的結尾，吳邪與三叔重遇，得到了文錦留下的另一盤錄像帶。錄像帶中傳來的號角聲是悶油瓶進入青銅門時的吳邪所聽到的。

在這之后，吳邪遇到了文錦。文錦告訴他，其實三叔在西沙就已經死了，活下來的人是解連環(huán)。一直在他身邊的人是解連環(huán)而非三叔。吳邪在廢棄療養(yǎng)院看到的那個怪物其實是尸化得霍玲，并且文錦也會慢慢變成那個樣子。

文錦莫明消失在天石的洞孔之中，悶油瓶也不知為何受了刺激而導致失憶。

第四篇：高級商務禮儀 筆記

《高級商務禮儀》筆記

禮儀就是人們在社會交往活動中應共同遵守的行為規(guī)范和準則。從個人修養(yǎng)的角度來看，禮儀可以說是一個人內在修養(yǎng)和素質的外在表現。從交際的角度來看，禮儀可以說是人際交往中適用的一種藝術，一種交際方式或方法也是人際交往中約定俗成的示人以尊重、友好的習慣做法。從傳播的角度來看，禮儀可以說是在人際交往中進行相互溝通的技巧。

第一部分 社交中的基本禮儀

社會每一個動感元素都由溝通產生化學反應。溝通產生一切，一切都溝通開始！

接人待客，是商務溝通中最基本也是必須做到的事情。故事“坐，請坐，請上坐；茶，上茶，上好茶?！本褪且粋€典型的為人待客典范。所以，貴客來訪需要注意的事情基本有三樣，那就是“客人來了吃什么?其中聊什么？走時送什么？”通過這一系列的問題，我們可以很清楚的知道，人際交往其實就是滿足對方的需要。

案例分析1：你要去參加一位四十歲老板公司的周年聚會，需穿灰色西裝，白襯衫?問：你應該打什么顏色的領帶？

答案是：紫紅色。因為紫紅色代表吉慶，祝賀的意思。

案例分析2：如果你是專職司機，陪同老板聚餐，你該穿什么顏色的衣服？如果你是員工呢？或者比老板低一個職位的領導呢？

答案是：衣服和領帶同顏色的著裝，以表對老板的尊重和不搶老板的風頭的意思。以上二個案例可以得出結論，商務禮儀的著裝是公司形象以及個人形象的重要標識。商務著裝規(guī)劃化也是對自己和他人的尊敬。

案例分析3：為何在外人面前不用方言土語？

答：用方言會產生語言理解誤差。所以在商務禮儀交談中，基本都是國際交流語。案例分析4：最基本的餐桌禮儀是什么？

答：1.不吸煙；2.不剔牙；3.讓菜不夾菜；4.助酒不勸酒；5.注意儀表；6.吃東西不能發(fā)出聲音；此案例說明，教養(yǎng)體現細節(jié)，細節(jié)成就成功或失敗。

案例分析5：喝紅酒的禁忌

答：不能添加任何東西。

案例分析6：在工作崗位上怎樣禮貌待客？

答：三“S” 1.stand起身接待 2.see注視對方3.smile微笑待人。

本章小結

講禮儀就是講規(guī)矩，講規(guī)矩就是為了溝通，有道德才能高尚，有教養(yǎng)才能文明，講規(guī)則才能溝通。

第二部分 禮儀的作用

1，禮乃形式美

案例分析1：女性穿襪子的講究。問：夏天，女性穿露趾涼鞋穿不穿襪子？

答：不穿。露趾涼鞋本來就是為了涼快，所以不用穿襪子。

2，禮亦內在美

禮的外在顯示：講究規(guī)則；禮的實際內涵：展示教養(yǎng)

案例分析2：

問：為什么公共場合不吸煙？

問：為什么反對高聲喧嘩？

問：為什么不在大庭廣眾前接打手機？

問：為什么要有“待客三聲”？

答：公共場合吸煙影響他人；反對高聲喧嘩是指怕影響到其他人的休息；大庭廣眾接打電話會干擾其他人；待客三聲指“來有迎聲問有答聲去有送聲

”

第三部分 禮儀的基本要求

1，尊重為本

案例分析1：問：打電話時，誰先掛？

答：身份高的人先掛；

2，善于表達

要把對別人的尊重表達出來；要有表達的意識，要把自己推銷出來。

3，禮儀是溝通的技巧

案例分析1：問：老外請女士吃西餐，最不能點什么？

答：不能點任何帶有甜味的飲料。

案例分析2：問：如何贊美別人

答：對事不對人。

案例分析3：問：外國人接受禮品時的表現？

答：當面打開并贊美。

重點案例分析4：問：如何舉行正式宴請？

答：1，不搞多邊宴請；（主角只有一個）

如果主角不止一個怎么辦？（自助餐）

2，不能少掉菜單；（沒有菜單叫便餐）

讓客人了解到你的誠意

3，花錢越多越正式；

4，讓客人了解革命發(fā)展的具體過程；（吃法可以尋找彼此的共同點）

第四部分 有效溝通的實現

1.杜威法則

交際之要素1，意圖（想法）

2，手段（怎么干）

3，結果（結果說明一切）

卡西爾法則

每個人都犯常識性錯誤：就是把自己的圈子當作世界，把自己的習慣當作標準。

2.問：如何實現溝通？

答：交往以對方為中心；

聊對方感興趣的問題；

對方所善談或擅長的事。

交際的最高水平就是為別人創(chuàng)造表現的機會。

案例分析1

問：腰帶上的講究？

答：男士不得掛任何物件；

問：穿涼鞋的講究？

答：穿露趾涼鞋本來就是為了涼快，所以不穿絲襪；

問：無人駕駛電梯的出入順序？

答：陪同人員，先進后出。

3.換位思考

案例分析

1問：待客時的“開放式”問題；

2問：待客時的“封閉式”問題；問：為什么要問“你不吃什么？”

答：1，不要問你想去哪里？你想吃什么？你想怎么做？

2，要問選擇性問題；

3，必須問一句，你不吃什么？以便餐飲中噴到對方不能吃的菜

4.梅奧法則：與人合作的能力是第一能力關系就是力量（公共關系 關系未來）什么叫與人合作的能力？<與人合作的能力就是我們適應環(huán)境的能力有效溝通的能力>

5.規(guī)范禮儀的操作不能在他人背后議論領導或者同事不能怨天尤人（不在別人面前發(fā)牢騷）如果待客外出游玩，最不能問：“你來過xx地方嗎？”

切記，不要對有知識和有身份的人進行常識性掃盲。

6.商務人員的著裝要求

什么是正裝？正裝就是有領有秀的衣服

上衣的規(guī)范？有領有秀

下衣的規(guī)范？不要過于短小暴露

7.職場著裝六不準：

1.過分鮮艷過分暴露過分透視過分短小緊身裝

8.商務交談六不談：不說國家的壞話；不涉及國家秘密和行業(yè)秘密；不議論領導、同行、同事；不談格調不高的問題；不談隱私問題；

9.商務交往的特例:

“五不問”不問收入不問家住地區(qū)不問歲數不問婚姻家庭不問健康

10.商務應酬會面的禮節(jié)

自我介紹的幾個要素

① 先遞名片再說話；

② 長話短說；

③ 四個關鍵要素：單位、職務、姓名、部門;

④ 公司名字如果很長的話，第一次說全稱，之后再簡化。2 交換名片

怎樣索取名片？

把自己的名片遞給對方

如何接受名片？

① 有來有往，回敬對方

② 接過名片一定要看

沒有名片怎么辦？

① 名片用完了

② 名片下次補給你握手的常規(guī)

誰先伸出手？

地位高的人先伸手

☆ 客人來訪：主人先伸手

☆ 客人走：客人先伸手

握手五忌：

1三心二意

2用力

3不戴墨鏡

4握手不用左手

5跟異性見面不用雙手

4.會客位次的幾種形式

自由式<隨便坐>

主席式<上下級關系>

并列式<表尊重和交友>

相對式<面對面>

5.汽車的位次

吉普車的位次

上座：副駕駛

轎車的位次

上座：要看誰開車。

如果是主人開車，上座是副駕駛

如果是專職司機，是副駕駛后面

6.商務禮品

禮品是交往的潤滑劑。

選擇禮品幾個需要注意的地方：

① 紀念性----能讓對方記住你

② 獨特性----與眾不同

③ 對象性----如果比較洋氣的人，就送土一點禮品；

④ 便攜性----容易攜帶

7.宴會五M法則

① money(費用)

錢多錢少是體現對他的一種態(tài)度② meeting(會見)

要把陪坐的人提前告訴主角③ medium(環(huán)境)

商務交往主要是吃環(huán)境④ manner(舉止)

menu(菜單)

① 正式的宴會必須有菜單②用封閉式提問

③上菜前主動詢問主角不能吃什么

8.自助餐的吃法

少吃多取

商務禮儀小結

1講交際

2講規(guī)則

3講教養(yǎng)

4講溝通

5講形象

6講心態(tài)

第五篇：高級口譯筆記

高級口譯筆記——禮儀祝詞(Ceremonial Speech)開幕/閉幕式 opening/closing ceremony 開幕詞 opening speech/address 致開幕詞 make an opening speech 友好訪問 goodwill visit

閣下 Your/His/Her Honor/Excellency 貴賓 distinguished guest 尊敬的市長先生 Respected Mr.Mayor 遠道而來/來自大洋彼岸的朋友 friends coming from a distant land/the other side of the Pacific 東道國 host country 宣布??開幕 declare??open 值此之際 on the occasion of 借此機會 take this opportunity to 以??名義 in the name of 本著??精神 in the spirit of

代表 on the behalf of 由衷的謝意 heartfelt thanks 友好款待 gracious hospitality 正式邀請 official invitation 回顧過去 look back on 展望未來 look ahead/look into the future 最后 in closing 圓滿成功 a complete success 提議祝酒 propose a toast 亞太地區(qū) Asian-Pacific region 建交 establishment of diplomatic relations between 互訪 exchange of visit 外交政策 foreign policy 一貫奉行 in persistent pursuit of 平等互利 equality and mutual benefit 雙邊關系 bilateral relations 持久和平lasting peace 貿易額 trade volume 商業(yè)界 business community 跨國公司 transnational corporation 經濟強國/經濟大國/經濟列強（視具體情況翻譯）economic power 1.我愿借此機會，代表我們代表團的全體成員，對我們東道主的誠摯邀請，表示真誠的謝意。

On the behalf of all the members of my mission, I would like to take this opportunity to express our sincere thanks to our host for their earnest invitation.2.現在，我愉快地宣布第二十二屆萬國郵政聯(lián)盟大會開幕。Now, I have the pleasure to declare the 22nd Universal Postal Congress open.3.我很榮幸地代表中國政府和人民向來自聯(lián)合王國的代表團表示熱烈的歡迎。

I have the honor to express this warm welcome on behalf of the Chinese Government and people to the delegation from the United Kingdom.4.我謹向各位表示最熱烈的歡迎。I would like to extend my warmest welocme to all of you.5.我預祝大會圓滿成功！I wish the conference a complete success!

當前常用政治術語的英文翻譯

馬列主義、毛澤東思想、鄧小平理論、江澤民“三個代表”重要思想

Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiao-ping Theory, Jiang Zemin “Three Represent's” important Thought 新民主主義革命 new-democratic revolution

民族獨立和人民解放national independence and the liberation of the people

經濟體制改革和政治體制改革 reforms in the economic and political structure 社會主義制度 socialist system

社會變革 social transformation 建設有中國特色的社會主義事業(yè) the cause of building socialism with Chinese characteristics 中華民族的偉大復興 the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation 黨在社會主義初級階段的基本理論、基本路線、基本綱領

The basic theory, line and program of our Party in the primary stage of socialism 改革開放政策the policies of reform and opening to the outside 中國共產黨十一屆三中全會 The Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China 馬克思主義政黨 Marxist political Party 黨的第一（第二、第三）代中央領導集體

The collective leadership of the Party Central Committee of the first(secondthird)generation 人民民主專政 the people's democratic dictatorship

國民經濟體系 national economic system 綜合國力 aggregate national strength 國內生產總值 the annual gross domestic product(GDP)獨立自主的和平外交政策an independent foreign policy of peace 馬克思主義基本原理同中國具體實際相結合the fundamental principles of Marxism with the specific situation in China 加強和改進黨的建設，不斷增強黨的創(chuàng)造力、凝聚力和戰(zhàn)斗力，永葆黨的生機與活力 strengthen and improve Party building, continuously enhance the creativity, rallying power and combat capability of the Party, and always maintain its vigor and vitality.“三個代表”就是必須代表中國先進生產力的發(fā)展要求，代表中國先進文化的前進方向，代表中國最廣大人民的根本利益，是我們黨的立黨之本、執(zhí)政之基、力量之源，是我們黨始終站在時代前列，保持先進性的根本體現和根本要求。

“Three Represent's” shows that our Party must always represent the requirements of the development of China's advanced productive forces, the orientation of the development of China's advanced culture, and the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people in China, they are the foundation for building the Party, the cornerstone for its exercise of state power and a source of its strengthen，only by doing so can we really ensure that our Party always stand in the forefront of the time and maintain its advanced nature.黨的理論、路線、綱領、方針、政策 Party's theory, line, program, principles and policies, 工人階級的先鋒隊 the vanguard of the working class 生產力、生產關系、經濟基礎、上層建筑 productive force, relation of production, economic base, superstructure constitute 科學技術是第一生產力science and technology are the primary productive force 社會主義物質文明和精神文明 material and spiritual civilizations of socialism 有理想、有道德、有文化、有紀律的公民

citizens with lofty ideals, moral integrity, better education and good sense of discipline

自立意識、競爭意識、效率意識、民主法制意識和開拓創(chuàng)新意識

self-reliance, competition, efficiency, democracy, the legal system, and the pioneering and innovative spirit

科教興國戰(zhàn)略the strategy of invigorating the country through science and education 倡導愛國主義、集體主義、社會主義思想，反對和抵制拜金主義、享樂主義、極端個人主義等腐朽思想

Advocate patriotism, collectivism and socialism, combat and resist money worship, hedonism, ultra-egoism decadent ideas

先天下之憂而憂，后天下之樂而樂 be concern about the country and the people before anything else 全心全意為人民服務、立黨為公、執(zhí)政為民

serve the people heart and soul, work for the public and assumes power for the people 解放思想、實事求是emancipating the mind, seeking truth from the facts 主觀主義、形而上學 subjectivism, metaphysics 民主集中制、黨內民主 democratic centralism, inner-Party democracy 集體領導、民主集中、個別醞釀、會議決定

Collective leadership, democratic centralism, case-specific consultation, decision through meeting 政治路線確定之后，干部就是決定因素 cardres are a decisive factor, once a political line is decided 黨管干部的原則 the principle of the Party assuming the responsibility for cardres' affairs 公開、平等、競爭、擇優(yōu) open, fair, competition, basis of merits 公開選拔、競爭上崗

the supervision of appointment and promotion of officials, and the method for official performance assessment 自重、自省、自警、自勵 self-discipline, self-examination, self-caution and self-motivation 以權謀私、貪贓枉法、腐敗分子 to abuse power for personal gains, take bribes or bend the law, corrupt elements 小康社會、小康生活 well-to-do society, well-to-do life 四項基本原則 Four Cardinal Principles 社會主義初級階段 the primary stage of socialism “政治合格、軍事過硬、作風優(yōu)良、紀律嚴明、保障有力

gualified politically and competent militarily and that have a fine style of work, strict discipline and adequate logistic support 臺獨 taiwan's ”independence" 世界多極化、經濟全球化 world multi-polarization and economic globalization 獨立自主、完全平等、相互尊重、互不干涉內部事務

Independence, completely equality, mutual respect and non-interference in each other's internal affairs cooperation 開放攻堅，改革跟進，穩(wěn)定保障，加快發(fā)展

open and storm fortification, reform and follow-up, stable and secure, speed up development 工作策略 the working tactics 以企業(yè)為中心的工業(yè)化核心戰(zhàn)略

the strategy at the core of industrialization around enterprises(take the enterprises as the center)

漢英口譯分類詞匯（05）--環(huán)境保護詞匯

21世紀議程 Agenda 21（the international plan of action adopted by governments in 1992 in Rio de Janeiro Brazil（巴西里約）, — provides the global consensus on the road map towards sustainable development）世界環(huán)境日 World Environment Day(June 5th each year)世界環(huán)境日主題 World Environment Day Themes 環(huán)境千年—行動起來吧?。?000）The Environment MillenniumOur FutureSave Our Seas!為了地球上的生命（1997）For Life on Earth 我們的地球、居住地、家園（1996）Our Earth, Our Habitat, Our Home 國際生物多樣性日 International Biodiversity Day(29 December)世界水日 World Water Day(22 March)世界氣象日 World Meteorological Day(23 March)世界海洋日 World Oceans Day(8 June)聯(lián)合國環(huán)境與發(fā)展大會（環(huán)發(fā)大會）United Nations Conference on Environment and Development(UNCED)環(huán)發(fā)大會首腦會議 Summit Session of UNCED 聯(lián)合國環(huán)境規(guī)劃署 United Nations Environment Programs（UNEP）2000年全球環(huán)境展望報告 GEO-2000;Global Environmental Outlook 2000 入選“全球500佳獎” be elected to the rank of Global 500 Roll of Honor

聯(lián)合國人類居住中心 UN Center for Human Settlements(UNCHS)改善人類居住環(huán)境最佳范例獎 Best Practices in Human Settlements Improvement 人與生物圈方案 Man and Biosphere(MAB)Programme(UNESCO)中國21世紀議程 China’s Agenda 21 中國生物多樣性保護行動計劃 China Biological Diversity Protection Action Plan 中國跨世紀綠色工程規(guī)劃 China Trans-Century Green Project Plan 國家環(huán)境保護總局 State Environmental Protection Administration(SEPA)中國環(huán)?；痉结?China’s guiding principles for environmental protection 堅持環(huán)境保護基本國策 adhere to the basic state policy of environmental protection 推行可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略 pursue the strategy of sustainable development 貫徹經濟建設、城鄉(xiāng)建設、環(huán)境建設同步規(guī)劃、同步實施、同步發(fā)展（三同步）的方針 carry out a strategy of synchronized planning, implementation and development in terms of economic and urban and rural development and environmental protection(the “three synchronizes” principle)促進經濟體制和經濟增長方式的轉變 promote fundamental shifts in the economic system and mode of economic growth 實現經濟效益、社會效益和環(huán)境效益的統(tǒng)一 bring about harmony of economic returns and contribution to society and environmental protection 中國環(huán)?；菊?the basic policies of China’s environmental protection 預防為主、防治結合的政策 policy of prevention in the first place and integrating prevention with control 污染者負擔的政策 “the-polluters-pay” policy 強化環(huán)境管理的政策 policy of tightening up environmental management 一控雙達標政策 policy of “One Order, Two Goals”: “一控”：12種工業(yè)污染物的排放量控制在國家規(guī)定的排放總量 The total discharge of 12 industrial pollutants in China by the end of 2000 shall not exceed the total amount mandated by the central government.;“雙達標”： 1.到2000年底，全國所有的工業(yè)污染源要達到國家或地方規(guī)定的污染物排放標準 The discharge of industrial pollutants should meet both national and local standards by the end of 2000.2.到2000年底，47個重點城市的空氣和地面水達到國家規(guī)定的環(huán)境質量標準 2.Air and surface water quality in all urban districts in 47 major cities should meet related national standards by the end of 2000.對新項目實行環(huán)境影響評估 conduct environmental impact assessments(EIA)on start-up projects

提高全民環(huán)保意識 raise environmental awareness amongst the general public 查處違反環(huán)保法規(guī)案件 investigate and punish acts of violating laws and regulations on environmental protection 環(huán)保執(zhí)法檢查 environmental protection law enforcement inspection 限期治理 undertake treatment within a prescribed limit of time

中國已加入的國際公約 international conventions into which China has accessed 控制危險廢物越境轉移及其處置的巴塞爾公約 Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal 關于消耗臭氧層物質的蒙特利爾議定書 Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer 生物多樣性公約 Convention on Biological Diversity 防治荒漠化國際公約 Convention to Combat Desertification 氣候變化框架公約 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 生態(tài)示范區(qū) eco-demonstration region;environment-friendly region 國家級生態(tài)示范區(qū)（珠海）Nationally Designated Eco-Demonstration Region 國家級園林城市 Nationally Designated Garden City 對水質和空氣質量的影響 impact on the quality of the water and the air 治理環(huán)境污染 curb environmental pollution;bring the pollution under control

工業(yè)固體廢物 industrial solid wastes 白色污染 white pollution(by using and littering of non-degradable white plastics)可降解一次性塑料袋 throwaway bio-degradable plastic bags 放射性廢料積存 accumulation of radioactive waste 有機污染物 organic pollutants 氰化物、砷、汞排放 cyanide, arsenic, mercury discharged 鉛、鎘、六價鉻 lead, cadmium, sexivalent chromium 城市垃圾無害化處理率 decontamination rate of urban refuse 垃圾填埋場 refuse landfill 垃圾焚化廠 refuse incinerator 防止過度利用森林 protect forests from overexploitation 森林砍伐率 rate of deforestation 水土流失 water and soil erosion 土壤鹽堿化 soil alkalization 農藥殘留 pesticide residue 水土保持 conservation of water and soil 生態(tài)農業(yè) environment-friendly agriculture;eco-agriculture 水資源保護區(qū) water resource conservation zone 海水淡化 sea water desalinization

保護珊瑚礁、紅樹林和漁業(yè)資源 protect coral reefs, mangrove and fishing resource 綠化祖國 turn the country green 全民義務植樹日 National Tree-Planting Day 造林工程 afforestation project 綠化面積 afforested areas;greening space 森林覆蓋率 forest coverage 防風林 wind breaks（防沙林 sand breaks）速生林 fast-growing trees

降低資源消耗率 slow down the rate of resource degradation

開發(fā)可再生資源 develop renewable resources 環(huán)保產品 environment-friendly products 自然保護區(qū) nature reserve 野生動植物 wild fauna and flora 保護生存環(huán)境 conserve natural habitats 瀕危野生動物 endangered wildlife

珍稀瀕危物種繁育基地 rare and endangered species breeding center 自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng) natural ecosystems 防止沙漠化（治沙、抗沙）desertification 環(huán)境負荷 carrying capacity of environment 三廢綜合利用 multipurpose use of three types of wastes 先天與后天，遺傳與環(huán)境 nature-nurture 美化環(huán)境 landscaping design for environmental purposes 防止沿海地帶不可逆轉惡化 protect coastal zones from irreversible degradation 環(huán)境惡化 environmental degradation 城市化失控 uncontrolled urbanization 溫飽型農業(yè) subsistence agriculture 貧困的惡性循環(huán) vicious cycle of poverty 大氣監(jiān)測系統(tǒng) atmospheric monitoring system 空氣污染濃度 air pollution concentration 酸雨、越境空氣污染 acid rain and Tran boundary air pollution 二氧化硫排放 sulfur dioxide(SO2)emissions 懸浮顆粒物 suspended particles 工業(yè)粉塵排放 industrial dust discharged 煙塵排放 soot emissions 二氧化氮 nitrate dioxide(NO2)礦物燃料（煤、石油、天然氣）fossil fuels: coal, oil, and natural gas 清潔能源 clean energy 汽車尾氣排放 motor vehicle exhaust 尾氣凈化器 exhaust purifier 無鉛汽油 lead-free gasoline 天然氣汽車 gas-fueled vehicles 電動汽車 cell-driven vehicles;battery cars 氯氟烴 CFCs 溫室效應 greenhouse effect 厄爾尼諾南徊 ENSO(El Nino Southern Oscillation)噪音 noise（分貝 db;decibel）

化學需氧量（衡量水污染程度的一個指標）COD；chemical oxygen demand 生物需氧量 BOD;biological oxygen demand 工業(yè)廢水處理率 treatment rate of industrial effluents 城市污水處理率 treatment rate of domestic sewage 集中處理廠 centralized treatment plant 紅潮 red tide(rapid propagation of sea algae