第一篇:何亞非副部長在安理會索馬里海盜問題部長級會議上的發(fā)言
主席先生,中國支持安理會就索馬里海盜問題召開高級別會議。今天的會議和剛才通過的決議再次充分顯示了國際社會團(tuán)結(jié)一致、堅(jiān)決打擊索馬里海盜的信心與決心,安理會發(fā)出的信號是積極、正確和及時的。
主席先生,索馬里海盜活動日益猖獗,已成為一大國際公害,對國際航運(yùn)、海上貿(mào)易和海上安全構(gòu)成嚴(yán)重威脅。中國也 是索馬里海盜活動的受害者之一。僅今年就有6艘中國籍或中方租用船只在索馬里海域被海盜劫持。至今仍有1艘船只、17名中國公民未被釋放。中國政府和廣大 民眾對此極為關(guān)切。
索馬里問題久拖不決對國際和平與安全構(gòu)成嚴(yán)重威脅,而索馬里海盜活動日益猖獗進(jìn)一步加劇了索馬里的安 全局勢。安理會肩負(fù)著維護(hù)國際和平與安全的首要責(zé)任,今年以來已先后就打擊索馬里海盜通過了三項(xiàng)決議。中國歡迎國際社會就打擊索馬里海盜開展有效合作,支 持有關(guān)國家根據(jù)國際法和安理會決議派軍艦打擊索馬里海盜的努力,中國正積極考慮近期派軍艦赴亞丁灣、索馬里海域參加護(hù)航活動。
主席先生,為進(jìn)一步打擊索馬里海盜行為,中方愿提出以下主張:
第一、發(fā)揮聯(lián)合國重要作用。打擊索馬里海盜行動牽涉多方,只有通力合作,才能共克難關(guān)。在此方面,應(yīng)充分發(fā)揮聯(lián)合國,特別是安理會在維護(hù)國際和平與安全方面的核心作用,以有效協(xié)調(diào)各國打擊索馬里海盜的行動。
第二、嚴(yán)格遵守國際法和安理會決議。這是有關(guān)行動得到包括索馬里政府和人民在內(nèi)的國際社會普遍支持的 重要前提。國際社會應(yīng)在《聯(lián)合國海洋法公約》、安理會決議的基礎(chǔ)上開展合作。任何打擊海盜的行動都應(yīng)嚴(yán)格遵守安理會決議的授權(quán),尤其要充分尊重沿岸國主權(quán) 和領(lǐng)土完整,并事先征得索馬里過渡聯(lián)邦政府的同意。
第三、制定綜合性戰(zhàn)略。打擊索馬里海盜涉及政治、軍事、經(jīng)濟(jì)、外交、司法等各領(lǐng)域工作,是一項(xiàng)綜合、系統(tǒng)工程。要取得實(shí)效,就必須多軌并行、齊力推進(jìn)。同時還要根據(jù)形勢發(fā)展,確定并且調(diào)整不同時期的工作重點(diǎn)。
第四、幫助索馬里加強(qiáng)本國能力建設(shè),并開展區(qū)域內(nèi)協(xié)作。索馬里海盜問題解決的關(guān)鍵歸根結(jié)底在索馬里政 府和人民。國際社會應(yīng)通過各種途徑幫助索馬里政府提高自身能力建設(shè)。以往有益實(shí)踐證明,區(qū)域合作也可發(fā)揮重要作用。中方歡迎紅海、亞丁灣和西印度洋沿岸國 家共同努力,通過區(qū)域安排應(yīng)對索馬里海盜問題。
主席先生,索馬里海盜現(xiàn)象不是孤立的。海盜猖獗只是索馬里政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會、人道各方面深刻危機(jī)的表象。國際社 會要重視打擊索馬里海盜,更要重視鏟除海盜產(chǎn)生的根源。我們呼吁各方繼續(xù)推進(jìn)索馬里政治進(jìn)程,推動切實(shí)落實(shí)《吉布提協(xié)議》。安理會應(yīng)正視索馬里政府和非盟 的強(qiáng)烈愿望,加強(qiáng)非盟索馬里特派團(tuán),并盡快授權(quán)聯(lián)合國接管在索馬里維和行動。同時,國際社會應(yīng)防止索馬里人道主義局勢進(jìn)一步惡化,并加大對索馬里基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施 和發(fā)展項(xiàng)目援助,助其早日恢復(fù)“造血”功能。中方愿繼續(xù)作出自己的努力。
謝謝主席先生。
Mr.President, China supports the holding of this high-level Security Council meeting on counter piracy off the coast of Somalia.This meeting and the resolution just adopted once again fully demonstrate the commitment and confidence of the international community to come together and fight against piracy.The signal sent by the Security Council is positive, right and timely.Mr.President, Piracy off the coast of Somalia has become increasingly rampant and is now an international menace posing a grave threat to international shipping, maritime trade and security at sea.China is also one of its victims.This year alone, a total of six vessels registered in or rented by China have been hijacked in the waters off the Somali coast.One vessel and 17 Chinese nationals have remained in captivity till today.This has aroused utmost concern from the Chinese Government and the general public.The long-term delay in settlement of the Somali issue is posing a serious threat to international peace and security, while the rampant piracy problem off the Somali coast has worsened the security situation in Somalia.In fulfilling its primary responsibility of upholding world peace and security, the Security Council has so far this year adopted three resolutions on this issue.China welcomes international cooperation in the fight against piracy off the coast of Somalia and supports the efforts of relevant countries to send warships to the region to crack down on pirates pursuant to Security Council resolutions.China is seriously considering sending naval ships to the Gulf of Aden and waters off the Somali coast for escorting operations in the near future.Mr.President, To step up the fight against piracy off the Somali coast, the Chinese side wishes to make the following proposals: First, give full play to the important role of the United Nations.Since fighting piracy in that region involves many different parties, the problem can only be resolved with concerted efforts from all.It is therefore crucial to allow the United Nations, especially its Security Council, to play its core role of maintaining world peace and security and effectively coordinate responses and actions.Second, strictly abide by international law and Security Council resolutions.This is an important prerequisite for there to be extensive support from the people of Somalia and the rest of the international community for relevant anti-piracy actions.The international community should cooperate on the basis of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and the Security Council resolutions.All anti-piracy operations should be conducted in full compliance with the mandate of Security Council resolutions, and particularly with full respect for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of littoral countries and prior consent from the Transitional Federal Government of Somalia..Third, formulate an integrated strategy.Fighting piracy off the coast of Somalia is a comprehensive and systematic project as it involves efforts in the political, military, economic, diplomatic and judicial fields.Concerted efforts must be made on different tracks in order to achieve tangible results.In addition, priorities for different phases must be identified and redefined in light of the evolving situation.Fourth, help Somalia strengthen its own capacity building and carry out regional cooperation.The key to solving the issue of piracy lies with the government and people of Somalia.The international community should help the Somali Government to improve its capacity building through various channels.Useful practices in the past have proven that regional cooperation can play an important role.China welcomes concerted efforts to be made by the littoral countries of the Red Sea, the Gulf of Aden and the Western Indian Ocean to tackle the issue of piracy off the coast of Somalia through regional arrangements.Mr.President, Piracy off the coast of Somalia is not an isolated case.The surge of piracy is just a symptom of the profound political, economic, social and humanitarian crises that Somalia faces.The international community should take the fight against piracy seriously.But what is even more important is to remove the root causes of piracy.We call on all parties concerned to further advance the Somali political process and promote the implementation of the Djibouti Agreement in good faith.The Security Council should heed the strong desire of the Somali Government and the African Union, reinforce the African Union Mission to Somalia(AMISOM)and mandate the United Nations to take over peacekeeping operations in Somalia at an early date.In the meantime, the international community should work to prevent the humanitarian situation in Somalia from further deteriorating.It should also increase assistance to Somalia in infrastructure development and development projects so as to help it regain its “blood-generating” function.China will continue to make its contribution in this regard.Thank you, Mr.President.
第二篇:外交部副部長在安理會利比亞問題會議發(fā)言
主席先生:
首先我感謝非洲國家倡議召開此次安理會關(guān)于利比亞問題的會議。感謝你和南非外長、毛里塔尼亞外長、剛果(布)外長、馬里外長及非盟委員會和平與安全事務(wù)專員拉馬拉專程從非洲趕來與會。我希望此次會議的舉行能凝聚國際社會共識,為推動利比亞問題的早日解決作出貢獻(xiàn)。
去年底以來,西亞北非地區(qū)陷入持續(xù)動蕩。其中,利比亞的沖突最為激烈、局勢最為嚴(yán)峻。目前,利比亞的戰(zhàn)事仍在繼續(xù),平民仍在傷亡,影響仍在擴(kuò)散。在此重要時刻,安理會與非盟和平安全理事會高級別代表團(tuán)進(jìn)行對話,為國際社會探討利問題的解決之道提供了重要平臺。我想借此機(jī)會就利問題談幾點(diǎn)看法:
第一,要推動政治解決。歷史一再證明,武力無法化解沖突,反而會加劇矛盾,對話和談判等和平手段才是解決爭端的根本出路。我們呼吁利有關(guān)各方以國家利益和人民福祉為重,充分發(fā)揮政治智慧,展現(xiàn)具有建設(shè)性的妥協(xié)和靈活,盡快實(shí)現(xiàn)?;?、開展對話,爭取就政治安排、安全保障、戰(zhàn)后重建等問題找到各方均可接受的解決辦法。我們希望這一政治對話進(jìn)程具有包容性,能吸引利問題各方的實(shí)質(zhì)參與,充分吸收各方的意見和建議,只有這樣才能找到出路,最終達(dá)成的方案才能公正持久。
第二,要認(rèn)真執(zhí)行決議。利危機(jī)爆發(fā)以來,安理會先后通過了第1970和1973號決議,根本出發(fā)點(diǎn)是為了保護(hù)利國內(nèi)平民,推動利問題的政治解決。但我們遺憾地看到,決議通過已近三個月,利局勢并未有所好轉(zhuǎn),利平民也仍未得到有效保護(hù)。中方呼吁各方嚴(yán)格、準(zhǔn)確執(zhí)行安理會有關(guān)決議,不做任意解讀,不采取超出授權(quán)的行動。我們希望有關(guān)各方遵循《聯(lián)合國憲章》的宗旨與原則及相關(guān)國際法準(zhǔn)則,尊重利主權(quán)、獨(dú)立、統(tǒng)一和領(lǐng)土完整,支持利人民自主選擇發(fā)展道路,自主解決國內(nèi)問題。
第三,要加大人道救援。受戰(zhàn)爭影響,利比亞糧食、飲用水等基本生活用品匱乏,醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生條件惡劣,面臨大規(guī)模人道主義危機(jī)。近一時期,更是有大批難民從利涌向周邊國家。聯(lián)合國人道主義協(xié)調(diào)辦公室為利發(fā)出緊急人道主義救援呼吁,但目前仍面臨近2億美元的資金缺口。我們呼吁國際社會高度重視利人道主義局勢,積極響應(yīng)聯(lián)合國的緊急呼吁,加大對利人道主義援助力度。同時我們敦促利國內(nèi)各派為確保人道主義物資在利的公平、及時、有效發(fā)送,創(chuàng)造條件,提供便利。
第四,要支持非盟努力。利危機(jī)爆發(fā)以來,非盟積極開展外交斡旋行動,召開利問題特別首腦會議,成立利問題高級別特設(shè)委員會,特別是南非總統(tǒng)祖馬和外長女士多次赴利,為解決利危機(jī)付出不懈努力。我們對此表示高度贊賞和積極評價。利是非洲國家,國際社會應(yīng)相信非洲人民的智慧和經(jīng)驗(yàn),充分重視非盟提出的建議,繼續(xù)為非盟開展斡旋提供各方面的支持。聯(lián)合國在利問題的解決,特別是在利戰(zhàn)后安排方面發(fā)揮著不可替代的作用。我們鼓勵非盟與聯(lián)合國多加強(qiáng)溝通、協(xié)調(diào)與配合。
主席先生,中方一直高度關(guān)注利局勢的發(fā)展,始終秉持客觀、公正的立場,呼吁利問題的政治解決。中方同利國內(nèi)沖突雙方均有接觸,我們本著勸和促談的態(tài)度,敦促雙方采取有利于國家和人民的建設(shè)性舉措,推動局勢早日走向緩和。中方與聯(lián)合國和非盟等國際和地區(qū)組織也保持著密切溝通,大力支持他們的政治與外交努力,鼓勵國際社會提供必要的幫助。中方還多次做有關(guān)國家工作,敦促他們將對安理會決議的執(zhí)行嚴(yán)格限定在保護(hù)平民范疇,不要擅自行事。此外,中方已分別向埃及提供了100萬美元現(xiàn)匯、向突尼斯提供了3030萬元人民幣的物資和200萬美元現(xiàn)匯,用于兩國與利邊境的難民安置。中方還將根據(jù)利人道主義狀況,積極考慮向利提供新的人道援助。
主席先生,利比亞局勢持續(xù)動蕩不符合利人民利益,也不符合地區(qū)國家和國際社會的整體利益。作為安理會常任理事國,中方愿與國際社會一道,繼續(xù)為解決利比亞問題提供建設(shè)性幫助,盡快推動利局勢實(shí)現(xiàn)穩(wěn)定,走上政治解決軌道。
第三篇:在全民健康覆蓋問題部長級會議上的主旨發(fā)言:2015年后的挑戰(zhàn)
Keynote Address at the Ministerial Meeting on Universal Health Coverage: the
Post-2015 Challenge
在全民健康覆蓋問題部長級會議上的主旨發(fā)言:2015年后的挑戰(zhàn)
Dr Margaret Chan, Director-General of the World Health Organization
世界衛(wèi)生組織總干事 陳馮富珍博士
Singapore, 10 February 2015 新加坡,2015年2月10日
Your Excellency, Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong, Minister Gan, honourable ministers, distinguished experts, colleagues in public health, ladies and gentlemen,李顯龍總理閣下、顏部長閣下、尊貴的各位部長、尊敬的各位專家、公共衛(wèi)生界的各位同事、女士們、先生們,It is a great honour to address a ministerial meeting on universal health coverage in Singapore, a city-state with an inclusive health system known for its affordable excellence.Last year, Bloomberg’s second annual ranking of countries with the most efficient health care placed Singapore at the top.我深表榮幸能在新加坡的這次全民健康覆蓋問題部長級會議上發(fā)言,這個城市國家以其出色且負(fù)擔(dān)得起的包容性衛(wèi)生系統(tǒng)而聞名。去年,在彭博社關(guān)于衛(wèi)生保健最具成效的國家的第二次排名中,新加坡名列榜首。
WHO also places Singapore at the top for key health indicators, especially maternal and infant mortality, two of the most sensitive indicators of a well-functioning health system.Through foresighted and visionary planning, Singapore achieved first-rate health care, with outstanding health outcomes, at a cost lower than in any other high-income country in the world.世衛(wèi)組織也將新加坡排在關(guān)鍵衛(wèi)生指標(biāo)的前列,尤其是在孕產(chǎn)婦和嬰兒死亡率方面,這兩個指標(biāo)是運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)良好的衛(wèi)生系統(tǒng)的最敏感指標(biāo)。新加坡通過其高瞻遠(yuǎn)矚的規(guī)劃,實(shí)現(xiàn)了一流的衛(wèi)生保健,衛(wèi)生成果斐然可觀,而費(fèi)用則低于世界上任何其它高收入國家。
This achievement was firmly anchored in a value system that places a premium on fairness and inclusiveness as a route to social cohesion, stability, and harmony.此一成就是堅(jiān)實(shí)地奠定在這樣一種價值體系上,即把公正和包容性視為社會凝聚、穩(wěn)定與和諧之源。
Research guided individual strategies, but so did the wishes of the public, with opinion polls undertaken and conversations started to ensure that changes in the health system won public support and approval.研究工作引導(dǎo)具體戰(zhàn)略,但公眾的意愿也起到引導(dǎo)作用,民意調(diào)查和對話確保了衛(wèi)生系統(tǒng)的變革贏得公眾的支持和贊同。
As we have just heard, Singapore’s version of universal health coverage balances the advantages of competitiveness and other market forces with the need for state intervention to steer these forces in the right direction.It balances freedom to choose providers, services, and facilities with an obligatory health savings account, the MediSave plan, with its emphasis on individual responsibility.正如我們剛剛聽到的,新加坡的全民健康覆蓋模式,平衡了競爭和其它市場力量與需要國家干預(yù)來引導(dǎo)這些力量保持正確方向二者之間的好處。它對選擇供應(yīng)商、服務(wù)和設(shè)施的自由與強(qiáng)制性健康儲蓄賬戶,即醫(yī)療儲蓄計(jì)劃作了平衡,后者強(qiáng)調(diào)了個人的責(zé)任。
There is no free lunch.The plan works to protect against the over-consumption of care.To help inform responsible decisions, the Ministry of Health publishes hospital bills for common illnesses on its website.世上沒有免費(fèi)的午餐。該計(jì)劃有效地防止了醫(yī)療的過度消費(fèi)。為幫助形成負(fù)責(zé)任的決定,衛(wèi)生部在其網(wǎng)站上公布了一般疾病的醫(yī)院賬單。
Another innovation, MediShield Life, embodies the principle of collective responsibility through risk pooling.This is the safety net.It protects households from falling into financial ruin when medical bills are especially high.Studies conducted by WHO show that catastrophic medical bills force 100 to 150 million people below the poverty line every year.While many governments are working hard to lift people out of poverty, these efforts can be offset when the health system and its financing actually contribute to poverty.另一項(xiàng)創(chuàng)新,即終身健康保險(xiǎn),通過風(fēng)險(xiǎn)共擔(dān),體現(xiàn)了集體責(zé)任的原則。這是一個安全網(wǎng)絡(luò)。它保護(hù)家庭在醫(yī)療花費(fèi)太高的情況下免于傾家蕩產(chǎn)。世衛(wèi)組織的研究表明,每年有1億到1.5億人因?yàn)?zāi)難性的醫(yī)療費(fèi)用跌至貧困線以下。許多政府正在大力幫助民眾脫貧,如果衛(wèi)生系統(tǒng)及其收費(fèi)實(shí)際上是在加劇貧困,則這些努力都將落空。
As Singapore’s Minister of Health observed earlier this year, the scheme tells people that they “need not face life’s uncertainties alone, especially those who meet unexpected shocks in their life journeys.”
正如新加坡衛(wèi)生部長今年早些時候所言,該項(xiàng)計(jì)劃告訴民眾,他們“尤其是那些在生命旅途中遭遇意外變故的人,不會獨(dú)自面對生活中的不穩(wěn)定性?!?/p>
Of course, not all of these innovations can be applied elsewhere.UHC is intrinsically country-owned.To work well, it must be home grown in line with each country’s culture, domestic political institutions, the legacy of the existing health system, and the expectations of citizens.當(dāng)然,所有這些創(chuàng)新,并非在任何地方都適用。全民健康覆蓋本質(zhì)上是國家所有。要想行之有效,它必須根據(jù)每個國家的文化、國內(nèi)政治體制、現(xiàn)行衛(wèi)生系統(tǒng)的遺產(chǎn)和公民的期望因地制宜。
In achieving UHC, Singapore had some distinct advantages.The huge challenge of extending health services to reach remote and impoverished rural areas was non-existent.Singapore has only one rural area, a small island and tourist attraction.在實(shí)現(xiàn)全民健康覆蓋方面,新加坡有一些獨(dú)特的優(yōu)勢。不存在需要將衛(wèi)生服務(wù)擴(kuò)展到邊遠(yuǎn)和貧窮農(nóng)村地區(qū)的挑戰(zhàn)。新加坡只有一處農(nóng)村,是一個小島和旅游勝地。
A tradition of cross-ministry collaboration makes it easier to address the upstream causes of ill health through environmental improvements and the use of fiscal and regulatory measures to encourage healthy lifestyles.跨部門合作的傳統(tǒng)使之可以通過環(huán)境改善和采取財(cái)政和監(jiān)管措施來鼓勵健康的生活方式,從而解決健康不良的上游原因。
Singapore has also enjoyed political stability and a high level of public trust in government for decades.That helped as well.幾十年來,新加坡還保持了政治穩(wěn)定,政府的公信力極高。這也是很有幫助的。
With these advantages, UHC in Singapore has gone beyond providing and financing fair and inclusive health care.UHC in Singapore has worked as a strategy for building an inclusive, caring, and progressive society.These are assets for any country in the world.出于這些優(yōu)勢,全民健康覆蓋在新加坡不僅僅是提供公平和包容性的衛(wèi)生保健,并為之籌資。新加坡的全民健康覆蓋成為建設(shè)一個包容、關(guān)愛和進(jìn)步社會的戰(zhàn)略。這些對世界上任何國家都是一筆財(cái)富。
Ladies and gentlemen,女士們,先生們,Our world is in turmoil from multiple causes.The signs are there for anyone to see: fluctuating currencies, unstable economies, prolonged conflicts, ethnic clashes, and inexplicable acts of violence.Organized acts of terrorism are the newest omnipresent and unpredictable threat.我們的世界因多種原因而變亂不定。這方面的跡象有目共睹:貨幣波動、經(jīng)濟(jì)動蕩、曠日持久的沖突、種族糾紛、不可思議的暴力行為。有組織的恐怖主義活動則是一種最新威脅,它無處不在,難以預(yù)料。
The climate is changing, antibiotics are failing, and health care costs are soaring.Inequalities, in income levels, opportunities, and access to social services, both within and between countries, have reached the highest levels seen in nearly a century.氣候變化,抗生素失靈,衛(wèi)生保健費(fèi)用扶搖直上。國家之內(nèi)和國家之間在收入水平、機(jī)會和獲取社會服務(wù)方面的不平等,已經(jīng)達(dá)到了近百年來曾未見過的最嚴(yán)重程度。
Countries are losing their middle classes, the backbone of democracy.Last month’s Oxfam report on wealth distribution contains a startling statistic: just 80 rich and powerful people own more of the world’s total wealth than 3.5 billion people at the other end of the scale.各國正在失去其作為民主制中堅(jiān)的中產(chǎn)階級。上個月樂施會關(guān)于財(cái)富分配問題的報(bào)告載有令人震驚的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字:僅僅80個有財(cái)有勢者,其在世界總財(cái)富中所占份額,就超過了底層的35億人。
Many economists take optimism from the fact that several of the world’s fastest growing economies are in Africa, often fuelled by foreign extractive industries.But if you look at income distribution within these countries, what we are really seeing is more and more rich countries full of poor people.許多經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家感到樂觀的是,世界上有若干增長最迅速的經(jīng)濟(jì)體在非洲,它們背后往往是外國采掘工業(yè)在推波助瀾。但注意一下這些國家的國內(nèi)收入分配,我們不難看到,在這些越來越富裕的國家中,到處都是窮人。
An African medical blogger contrasted growths in GDP with weaknesses in health systems laid bare by the Ebola outbreak.He asked the following question.What good does it do to cover the ceiling of your house with golden paint when the walls and foundation have cracks?
一個非洲醫(yī)學(xué)博客拿國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的增長與埃博拉疫情顯露的衛(wèi)生系統(tǒng)的薄弱作出比較。他提出了如下問題:如果墻壁和地基都在坍塌,則在屋頂上描金敷彩,又有什么意義?
Decades of experience tell us that this world will not become a fair place for health all by itself.Health systems will not automatically gravitate towards greater equity or naturally evolve towards universal coverage.幾十年的經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)告訴我們,這個世界單憑自身,不會成為一個有利健康的公平場所。衛(wèi)生系統(tǒng)不會自動傾向于更大程度的公平,或自然而然地演化出全民覆蓋。
Economic decisions within a country will not automatically protect the poor or promote their health.Globalization will not self-regulate in ways that ensure fair distribution of benefits.International trade agreements will not, by themselves, guarantee food security, or job security, or health security, or access to affordable medicines.國家內(nèi)的經(jīng)濟(jì)決策不會自動去保護(hù)窮人或增加他們的財(cái)富。全球化不會自我調(diào)節(jié),確保利益的公平分配。國際貿(mào)易協(xié)定本身,不會保障糧食安全、就業(yè)安全,衛(wèi)生安全,或獲取可負(fù)擔(dān)的醫(yī)藥。
All of these outcomes require deliberate policy decisions.所有這些成果都要求作出深思熟慮的政策決定。
Universal health coverage is one of the most powerful social equalizers among all policy options.It is the ultimate expression of fairness.If public health has something that can help our troubled, out-of-balance world, it is this: growing evidence that well-functioning and inclusive health systems contribute to social cohesion, equity, and stability.They hold societies together and help reduce social tensions.全民健康覆蓋是所有政策選項(xiàng)中最有力的一個社會平衡器。它是公正的終極表達(dá)。公共衛(wèi)生如果能對我們這個擾攘不斷的、失衡的世界有所幫助,那就在于:越來越多的證據(jù)顯示,運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)良好的包容性衛(wèi)生系統(tǒng)將促進(jìn)社會的凝聚、公平和穩(wěn)定。它們將社會聚攏在一起,幫助緩和了社會緊張局勢。
At a time when policies in so many sectors are actually increasing social inequalities, I would be delighted to see health lead the world towards greater fairness in ways that matter to each and every person on the planet.在如此之多部門的政策實(shí)際上正在加劇社會的不平等之時,我很高興能看到,衛(wèi)生以對地球上每個人都很重要的方式,引領(lǐng)世界走向更大的公平。Ladies and gentlemen,女士們,先生們,As the world enters the post-2015 era, it faces health challenges that are far more complex than they were at the start of this century.世界正在進(jìn)入2015年后時代,它所面臨的衛(wèi)生挑戰(zhàn)的復(fù)雜性,要遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出本世紀(jì)初。
The sharp distinctions between health problems in wealthy and developing countries are dissolving.Everywhere, health is being shaped by the same universal pressures: the globalized marketing of unhealthy products, population ageing, and rapid urbanization.富國與發(fā)展中國家在衛(wèi)生困擾上的明顯差異正在消失。所有地方的衛(wèi)生工作都受到同樣的普遍壓力:不健康產(chǎn)品的全球化推銷、人口老齡化和迅速的城市化。
Our very definition of what constitutes socioeconomic progress is being challenged.我們關(guān)于社會經(jīng)濟(jì)進(jìn)步為何的定義本身正在受到挑戰(zhàn)。
Beginning in the 19th century, improvements in hygiene and living conditions were followed by vast improvements in health status and life-expectancy.These environmental improvements aided the control of infectious diseases, totally vanquishing many major killers from modern societies.從十九世紀(jì)開始,伴隨衛(wèi)生和生活條件的改善,是健康狀況和預(yù)期壽命的巨大改善。這些環(huán)境改善幫助控制了傳染病,在現(xiàn)代社會徹底消滅了許多主要的致命疾病。
Today, the tables are turned.Instead of diseases vanishing as living conditions improve, socioeconomic progress is actually creating the conditions that favour the rise of noncommunicable diseases.Economic growth, modernization, and urbanization have opened wide the entry point for the spread of unhealthy lifestyles.如今,形勢急轉(zhuǎn)直下。疾病沒有隨生活條件的改善而消失,社會經(jīng)濟(jì)進(jìn)步實(shí)際上正在造成有利于非傳染性疾病出現(xiàn)的條件。經(jīng)濟(jì)增長、現(xiàn)代化和城市化為不健康生活方式的蔓延敞開了大門。
The ancient burden of deaths from infectious diseases has been joined by a newer burden of even more deaths from NCDs.Rapid unplanned urbanization has added a third burden: deaths from road traffic crashes and the mental disorders, substance abuse, and violence that thrive in impoverished urban settings.除過傳染病致死這一古已有之的負(fù)擔(dān),新增了非傳染性疾病造成甚至更多死亡的負(fù)擔(dān)。迅速和無計(jì)劃的城市化加重了第三個負(fù)擔(dān):道路交通事故和精神疾病、物質(zhì)濫用以及城市貧窮環(huán)境中迅速滋生的暴力行為造成的死亡。
The rise of NCDs adds considerably to the costs of health care.The costs of cancer care, for example, are becoming unaffordable for even the wealthiest countries in the world.In 2012, the US Food and Drug Administration approved 12 drugs for various cancer indications.Of these 12, 11 were priced above $100,000 per patient per year.How many countries can afford this cost?
非傳染性疾病的加劇導(dǎo)致衛(wèi)生保健成本大增。例如,甚至對世界上最富有的國家而言,癌癥護(hù)理的費(fèi)用也正在令人不堪重負(fù)。2012年,美國食品和藥物管理局為各種癌癥適應(yīng)癥批準(zhǔn)了12種藥物。在這12種藥物中,有11種 的價格超過每個病人每年10萬美元。有多少國家能夠負(fù)擔(dān)得起這筆費(fèi)用?
Prevention is by far the better option, but this, too, is more problematic than for infectious diseases, many of which can be prevented by vaccines or cured by medicines, all delivered by the health sector.迄今為止,預(yù)防是更好的選擇,但相對于預(yù)防傳染病,它也問題多多,許多傳染病是疫苗接種可以預(yù)防或藥物可以治愈的,而且它們均由衛(wèi)生部門提供。
The root causes of NCDs reside in non-health sectors.They escape the direct purview of health.When health policies cross purposes with the economic interests of sectors like trade or finance, economic interests will trample health concerns nearly every time.非傳染性疾病的根源在于非衛(wèi)生部門。它們不在衛(wèi)生部門的直接權(quán)限范圍之內(nèi)。當(dāng)衛(wèi)生政策與貿(mào)易或金融等部門的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益不一致時,幾乎每次都是經(jīng)濟(jì)利益踐踏健康方面的考慮。
Implementation of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control is a notable exception.It provides one of the best examples of cross-ministry collaboration, driven by overwhelming evidence of the health and economic costs of tobacco use.執(zhí)行《世衛(wèi)組織煙草控制框架公約》是一個明顯的例外。它提供了跨部門合作的最佳范例之一,關(guān)于煙草適用的健康成本和經(jīng)濟(jì)成本的壓倒性證據(jù)激勵了這一合作。
It tells us that the health sector, working in tandem with others, can generate huge benefits.It can even tackle a powerful, devious, and dangerous industry on multiple fronts, including through fiscal and regulatory measures.它告訴我們,衛(wèi)生部門與其它部門攜手努力,可以產(chǎn)生巨大效益。它甚至可以在多條戰(zhàn)線,包括通過財(cái)政和監(jiān)管措施,對付一個有權(quán)有勢、陰險(xiǎn)狡猾和危險(xiǎn)的行業(yè)。
As yet another challenge in the post-2015 era, health and medical professionals in every region of the world are losing their first-line antimicrobials as drug resistance develops.In several cases, second-line medicines are failing as well.For some cases of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis and gonorrhoea, even last-resort antibiotics fail.2015年后時代的另一個挑戰(zhàn)是,隨著耐藥性的發(fā)展,世界每一地區(qū)的衛(wèi)生和醫(yī)療專業(yè)人員正在失去他們的一線抗菌素。在若干情況下,二線藥品也失靈了。在一些耐多藥結(jié)核病和淋病案例中,甚至作為最后手段的抗生素也失靈了。
With few replacement products in the pipeline, the world is moving towards a post-antibiotic era in which common infectious diseases will once again kill.A post-antibiotic era is a game-changer on a par with climate change.But antimicrobial resistance will kill us before climate change.由于正在開發(fā)的替代產(chǎn)品很少,世界正在走向后抗生素時代。在這個時代中,普通的傳染病將再次戕害生命。同氣候變化一樣,后抗生素時代也將改變游戲規(guī)則。但抗菌素耐藥性將先于氣候變化,將我們致于死地。
Ladies and gentlemen,女士們,先生們,I began with the strategies used by Singapore to achieve and sustain universal coverage.Let me conclude with the strategies used in a very different country: Bangladesh.我開頭講的是新加坡為實(shí)現(xiàn)和維持全民覆蓋所采用的戰(zhàn)略。讓我以一個迥然不同的國家采用的戰(zhàn)略作為結(jié)束:孟加拉國。
The Bangladeshi story shatters the long-held assumption that countries must first reduce poverty, then better health will follow almost automatically.Bangladesh decided to reverse the order by first freeing populations from the misery caused by ill health.孟加拉國的故事駁斥了人們長期以來的假設(shè),即國家必須首先減貧,則健康自然就會有所增進(jìn)。孟加拉國決定顛倒這個次序,先讓民眾免遭健康不良帶來的苦難。
Driven by a commitment to equity, the country aimed for universal coverage of its vast and very poor population with a package of high-impact interventions.To compensate for a severe shortage of doctors and nurses, the country trained and then closely supervised a brigade of community health workers, mostly women, who followed a doorstep-delivery approach.在實(shí)現(xiàn)公平的承諾的推動下,該國的目標(biāo)是利用一整套影響力巨大的干預(yù)措施,對其為數(shù)眾多的非常貧窮的人口實(shí)現(xiàn)全民覆蓋。為彌補(bǔ)醫(yī)生護(hù)士的嚴(yán)重短缺,該國培訓(xùn)了一大批采取上門交付方式的社區(qū)保健人員,主要是女性,并對其進(jìn)行密切監(jiān)督。
The country also used its world-class research capacity to experiment with innovations.Formal and contractual arrangements were made with nongovernmental organizations that were best placed to win community trust and reach marginalized populations.Improvements in school enrolment, especially for girls, and in agriculture brought huge benefits for health.該國還利用其世界水平的研究能力進(jìn)行創(chuàng)新實(shí)驗(yàn)。與非政府組織作出正式的合同安排,這些組織最有可能贏得社區(qū)信任,抵達(dá)邊緣人群。入學(xué)率的提高,特別是農(nóng)村女孩入學(xué)率的提高,給健康帶來巨大的好處。
The efforts of Bangladesh were driven by another reality.When government health services fail to reach poor areas, private providers and shops selling medicines will mushroom.Charges for services from these unregulated and largely unqualified health care providers work to deepen poverty, not reduce it.To prevent this from happening, the government built and ran nearly 12,000 strategically located community clinics
另一種現(xiàn)實(shí)也是驅(qū)動孟加拉國努力的因素。在貧困地區(qū),當(dāng)政府的衛(wèi)生服務(wù)鞭長莫及時,私人供應(yīng)商和出售藥品的商店就會蜂擁而起。這些不受管控且基本上無資質(zhì)的醫(yī)療保健提供者對服務(wù)的收費(fèi),加劇而不是減少了貧窮。為防止這種情況發(fā)生,政府建立并管理了近1.2萬個位于戰(zhàn)略位置的社區(qū)醫(yī)務(wù)所。
Perhaps most important was the strong strategic bias towards women and girls.The approaches used explicitly recognized that empowered women will turn health into a nation-building strategy.或許最重要的是對婦女和女孩的強(qiáng)大戰(zhàn)略傾斜。所采用的方法明確承認(rèn),能力增強(qiáng)后的婦女將使健康成為一項(xiàng)國家建設(shè)戰(zhàn)略。
Their needs, including for sexual and reproductive health services, came first.Their human rights were legally protected.That approach led to a stunning reversal in excessive mortality of girls compared with boys
她們的需要,包括對性健康和生殖健康服務(wù)的需要被擺在了首要位置。她們的人權(quán)得到了法律保護(hù)。伴隨這一方針,女孩的死亡率大大高于男孩的現(xiàn)象得到了顯著扭轉(zhuǎn)。
As we have learned from ample evidence, investing in health is investing in economic growth, investing in the health and well-being of people.Every country needs healthy human capacity to sustain development.Without this capacity, it is hard to even begin to talk about sustainable development.正如我們從充足的證據(jù)中所了解,投資于衛(wèi)生,就是投資于經(jīng)濟(jì)增長,投資于人民的健康和福祉。每個國家要維持發(fā)展,都需要健康的人力資源。沒有這一能力,甚至很難開始談?wù)摽沙掷m(xù)發(fā)展。
The Singapore experience and all of the other experiences we have heard about give us one compelling message.Any country that really wants to move towards universal health coverage can do so.There are no excuses.新加坡的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和我們聽到的所有其它經(jīng)驗(yàn),都傳遞了一個令人信服的信息。任何國家,只要真正希望實(shí)現(xiàn)全民健康覆蓋,都是可以做到的。不存在任何借口。
Health is likely one of the most precious commodities in life.But it is highly political and it requires investment.You need political leadership.You need commitment.And you need a conversation with the public, as has been done here in Singapore.I thank you for the opportunity to participate in this discussion.健康可能是生命中最寶貴的商品之一。但它是高度政治性的,而且還要投入資金。需要政治領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。需要承諾。需要與公眾對話,就像新加坡所做的那樣。感謝大家使我有機(jī)會參加這次討論。
Thank you.謝謝大家。
第四篇:習(xí)近平在亞非領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人會議上的講話
習(xí)近平在亞非領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人會議上的講話(全文)
國家主席習(xí)近平22日出席亞非領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人會議并發(fā)表題為《弘揚(yáng)萬隆精神 推進(jìn)合作共贏》的重要講話。講話全文如下:
弘揚(yáng)萬隆精神 推進(jìn)合作共贏
——在亞非領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人會議上的講話
(2015年4月22日,雅加達(dá))
中華人民共和國主席習(xí)近平
尊敬的佐科總統(tǒng),尊敬的各位同事,女士們,先生們,朋友們:
今天,亞非國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人匯聚在美麗的雅加達(dá),共同紀(jì)念萬隆會議召開60周年,共商亞非友好合作和發(fā)展振興大計(jì),具有十分重要的意義。首先,我謹(jǐn)向佐科總統(tǒng)和印度尼西亞政府,表示衷心的感謝!向大家轉(zhuǎn)達(dá)中國人民的誠摯問候和良好祝愿!
60年前,亞非29個國家和地區(qū)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人出席了萬隆會議,形成了團(tuán)結(jié)、友誼、合作的萬隆精神,促進(jìn)了亞非拉民族解放運(yùn)動,加速了全球殖民體系瓦解的歷史進(jìn)程。會議在和平共處五項(xiàng)原則基礎(chǔ)上,提出處理國家間關(guān)系的十項(xiàng)原則,為推動國際關(guān)系朝著正確方向發(fā)展,為推動亞非合作、南南合作,為促進(jìn)南北合作,發(fā)揮了重大歷史性作用。因此,萬隆會議是亞非人民團(tuán)結(jié)合作的一個里程碑。
60年來,亞非這兩片古老大陸發(fā)生了廣泛而深刻的變化。亞非各國人民掌握了自己命運(yùn),相繼贏得了政治獨(dú)立,堅(jiān)定致力于經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展,推動亞非兩大洲從過去貧窮落后的地區(qū)成為具有巨大發(fā)展活力的地區(qū)。在萬隆精神激勵下,亞非國家聯(lián)合自強(qiáng),區(qū)域、次區(qū)域、跨區(qū)域合作方興未艾,在地區(qū)和國際事務(wù)中發(fā)揮著越來越重要的作用,在世界戰(zhàn)略全局中的地位不斷上升。
60年后的今天,和平、發(fā)展、合作、共贏的時代潮流更加強(qiáng)勁,各國越來越成為你中有我、我中有你的命運(yùn)共同體。同時,應(yīng)該看到,世界還很不太平,局部動蕩此起彼伏,恐怖主義、重大傳染性疾病等全球性問題不斷增多,南北差距依然懸殊,亞非國家的主權(quán)安全、團(tuán)結(jié)合作、共同發(fā)展依然面臨不少困難和挑戰(zhàn)。
新形勢下,萬隆精神仍然具有強(qiáng)大生命力。我們要大力弘揚(yáng)萬隆精神,不斷賦予其新的時代內(nèi)涵,推動構(gòu)建以合作共贏為核心的新型國際關(guān)系,推動國際秩序和國際體系朝著更加公正合理的方向發(fā)展,推動建設(shè)人類命運(yùn)共同體,更好造福亞非人民及其他地區(qū)人民。為此,我愿提出如下倡議。
第一,深化亞非合作。亞非兩大洲都是人類文明的重要發(fā)源地,人口總量占世界的四分之三,國家數(shù)量超過聯(lián)合國會員國的一半,亞非合作具有越來越重要的全球意義。面對新機(jī)遇新挑戰(zhàn),亞非國家要堅(jiān)持安危與共、守望相助,把握機(jī)遇、共迎挑戰(zhàn),提高亞非合作水平,繼續(xù)做休戚與共、同甘共苦的好朋友、好伙伴、好兄弟。
非洲有句諺語,“一根原木蓋不起一幢房屋”。中國也有句古話,“孤舉者難起,眾行者易趨”。亞非國家加強(qiáng)互利合作,能產(chǎn)生“一加一大于二”的積極效應(yīng)。我們要堅(jiān)持互利共贏、共同發(fā)展,對接發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略,加強(qiáng)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施互聯(lián)互通,推進(jìn)工業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)、人力資源開發(fā)等各領(lǐng)域務(wù)實(shí)合作,打造綠色能源、環(huán)保、電子商務(wù)等合作新亮點(diǎn),把亞非經(jīng)濟(jì)互補(bǔ)性轉(zhuǎn)化為發(fā)展互助力。要深化區(qū)域和跨區(qū)域合作,用好現(xiàn)有區(qū)域和次區(qū)域合作機(jī)制,適時建立新的合作平臺,推動貿(mào)易和投資自由化便利化,構(gòu)建寬領(lǐng)域、多層次、全方位的亞非合作新格局。
亞非地區(qū)有100多個國家,社會制度、歷史文化、價值觀念千差萬別,共同構(gòu)成異彩紛呈的文明畫卷。我們要堅(jiān)持求同存異、開放包容,在交流互鑒中取長補(bǔ)短,在求同存異中共同前進(jìn),讓各個文明都綻放出自己的光彩。亞非合作不是封閉的、排他的,而是開放的、共贏的,我們歡迎其他地區(qū)國家積極參與并作出建設(shè)性貢獻(xiàn)。
第二,拓展南南合作。當(dāng)年,中國改革開放的總設(shè)計(jì)師鄧小平先生說,南南合作這個提法很好,應(yīng)該給發(fā)明者一枚勛章。廣大發(fā)展中國家都面臨著加快發(fā)展、改善民生的共同使命,應(yīng)該抱團(tuán)取暖、扶攜前行,積極開展各領(lǐng)域合作,實(shí)現(xiàn)我們各自的發(fā)展藍(lán)圖。搞好亞非合作,對南南合作具有重要示范帶動作用。
亞非國家要深化合作,同時要加強(qiáng)同拉美、南太及其他地區(qū)發(fā)展中國家的團(tuán)結(jié)合作,擴(kuò)大在治國理政方面的對話交流,密切在重大國際和地區(qū)問題上的溝通和協(xié)調(diào),壯大維護(hù)世界和平、促進(jìn)共同發(fā)展的力量。
加強(qiáng)南南合作,需要加強(qiáng)機(jī)制建設(shè)。要發(fā)揮好不結(jié)盟運(yùn)動、七十七國集團(tuán)等機(jī)制的作用,建設(shè)好亞洲相互協(xié)作與信任措施會議、金磚國家等合作平臺,推動發(fā)展中國家區(qū)域組織開展對話交流,探討建立南南合作新架構(gòu)。中方支持印尼方建立亞非中心的倡議。要提高發(fā)展中國家在國際體系內(nèi)的代表性和發(fā)言權(quán),引導(dǎo)2015年后發(fā)展議程談判重點(diǎn)關(guān)注解決發(fā)展中國家、特別是非洲國家和最不發(fā)達(dá)國家面臨的困難和挑戰(zhàn),更好維護(hù)發(fā)展中國家正當(dāng)權(quán)益。
第三,推進(jìn)南北合作。萬隆精神不僅適用于亞非合作、南南合作,對促進(jìn)南北合作也具有重要啟示和借鑒意義。實(shí)現(xiàn)世界均衡發(fā)展,不可能建立在一批國家越來越富裕、另一批國家長期貧窮落后的基礎(chǔ)之上。從建設(shè)人類命運(yùn)共同體的戰(zhàn)略高度看,南北關(guān)系不僅是一個經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展問題,而且是一個事關(guān)世界和平穩(wěn)定的全局性問題。
堅(jiān)持相互尊重、平等相待,是開展南北合作的政治基礎(chǔ)。合作共贏的基礎(chǔ)是平等,離開了平等難以實(shí)現(xiàn)合作共贏。國家不分大小、強(qiáng)弱、貧富,都是國際社會平等成員,都有平等參與地區(qū)和國際事務(wù)的權(quán)利。要尊重各國主權(quán)、獨(dú)立、領(lǐng)土完整,尊重各國自主選擇的社會制度和發(fā)展道路,反對干涉別國內(nèi)政,反對把自己的意志強(qiáng)加于人。
幫助發(fā)展中國家發(fā)展、縮小南北差距,是發(fā)達(dá)國家應(yīng)該承擔(dān)的責(zé)任和義務(wù)。要推動發(fā)達(dá)國家切實(shí)履行官方發(fā)展援助承諾,在不附帶政治條件基礎(chǔ)上,加大對發(fā)展中國家支持力度,增強(qiáng)發(fā)展中國家自主發(fā)展能力,建立更加平等均衡的新型全球發(fā)展伙伴關(guān)系。要維護(hù)和發(fā)展開放型世界經(jīng)濟(jì),推動建設(shè)公平公正、包容有序的國際經(jīng)濟(jì)金融體系,為發(fā)展中國家發(fā)展?fàn)I造良好外部環(huán)境。
要摒棄冷戰(zhàn)思維、零和博弈的舊觀念,倡導(dǎo)共同、綜合、合作、可持續(xù)安全的新理念,堅(jiān)持通過對話協(xié)商和平解決分歧爭端,共同應(yīng)對恐怖主義、公共衛(wèi)生、網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全、氣候變化等非傳統(tǒng)安全問題和全球性挑戰(zhàn),建設(shè)命運(yùn)共同體,走出一條共建、共享、共贏的安全新路,共同維護(hù)地區(qū)和世界和平穩(wěn)定。
女士們、先生們、朋友們!
中國是亞非團(tuán)結(jié)合作的積極倡導(dǎo)者和推動者,始終堅(jiān)定支持亞非國家爭取民族解放的正義事業(yè),堅(jiān)定促進(jìn)亞非國家共同發(fā)展,并向亞非國家提供了真誠無私的援助。中國在維護(hù)國家主權(quán)、推進(jìn)國家統(tǒng)一、實(shí)現(xiàn)國家發(fā)展的進(jìn)程中,也得到了亞非國家的寶貴支持和幫助。中國人民對此永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記。
新形勢下,中國將堅(jiān)定不移推進(jìn)亞非合作。中國已經(jīng)同周邊8個國家簽署睦鄰友好合作條約,愿同所有周邊國家商簽?zāi)类徲押煤献鳁l約,將加強(qiáng)同非洲國家和平安全合作,幫助非方增強(qiáng)維和、反恐、打擊海盜等方面能力。中國愿同亞非國家開展產(chǎn)能合作,支持非洲國家建設(shè)高速鐵路、高速公路、區(qū)域航空網(wǎng)絡(luò),推動亞非工業(yè)化進(jìn)程。中國將于年內(nèi)對已建交的最不發(fā)達(dá)國家97%稅目產(chǎn)品給予零關(guān)稅待遇,并將繼續(xù)向發(fā)展中國家提供不附加任何政治條件的援助。中國愿同有關(guān)各方一道推進(jìn)“一帶一路”建設(shè),共同建設(shè)好亞洲基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施投資銀行,發(fā)揮好絲路基金作用。中國將同有關(guān)國家一道,完善中國-東盟、中阿合作論壇、上海合作組織等合作平臺,辦好年內(nèi)在南非召開的中非合作論壇第六屆部長級會議。中國將繼續(xù)推動南南合作及南北合作,共同維護(hù)地區(qū)和世界和平穩(wěn)定,促進(jìn)共同發(fā)展繁榮。
我愿在這里宣布:中國未來5年內(nèi)將向亞非發(fā)展中國家提供10萬名培訓(xùn)名額;連續(xù)在華舉辦亞非青年聯(lián)歡節(jié),共邀請2000名亞非青年來華訪問并參加聯(lián)歡;將成立中國-亞非合作中心,進(jìn)一步推進(jìn)亞非各國交流合作;設(shè)立中國-亞非法協(xié)國際法交流與研究項(xiàng)目;年內(nèi)還將舉辦以弘揚(yáng)萬隆精神為主題的國際研討會,歡迎各方積極參與。
女士們、先生們、朋友們!
當(dāng)前,中國人民正在按照全面建成小康社會、全面深化改革、全面依法治國、全面從嚴(yán)治黨的戰(zhàn)略布局,齊心協(xié)力實(shí)現(xiàn)“兩個一百年”奮斗目標(biāo),實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興的中國夢。中國夢同亞非人民及其他各國人民的美好夢想息息相通,不僅造福中國人民,而且造福各國人民。
中華民族是一個愛好和平的民族,歷來崇尚“和為貴”。中國將堅(jiān)持走和平發(fā)展道路,堅(jiān)持獨(dú)立自主的和平外交政策,堅(jiān)持奉行互利共贏的開放戰(zhàn)略,堅(jiān)持正確義利觀,在和平共處五項(xiàng)原則基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展同各國的友好合作,始終做維護(hù)世界和平、促進(jìn)共同發(fā)展的堅(jiān)定力量。無論發(fā)展到哪一步,無論國際風(fēng)云如何變幻,中國都永遠(yuǎn)做發(fā)展中國家的可靠朋友和真誠伙伴。這是中國對外政策的基礎(chǔ),過去、現(xiàn)在、將來都不會改變。
女士們、先生們、朋友們!
按照中國人的說法,每60年是一個紀(jì)年循環(huán)。亞非合作走過了60個春秋,正來到一個新的起點(diǎn)上?;厥走^去60年,中國同亞非國家風(fēng)雨同舟、和衷共濟(jì),相互關(guān)系就像長江、梭羅河、尼羅河水一樣奔流不息。展望未來,我們應(yīng)該弘揚(yáng)萬隆精神,共同實(shí)現(xiàn)亞非振興夢想,為亞非人民帶來更多福祉,為人類和平與發(fā)展的崇高事業(yè)作出新的更大的貢獻(xiàn)!
謝謝大家。
第五篇:習(xí)近平在亞非領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人會議上的講話
考研培訓(xùn)領(lǐng)軍品牌——新東方在線[004km.cn]
【2016時政早關(guān)注】弘揚(yáng)萬隆精神 推進(jìn)合作共贏
——在亞非領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人會議上的講話
新東方在線
今年是萬隆會議召開60周年,國家主席習(xí)近平4月22日出席亞非領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人會議并發(fā)表題為《弘揚(yáng)萬隆精神 推進(jìn)合作共贏》的重要講話,重申萬隆精神,并提出幾點(diǎn)倡議。新東方在線全國研究生入學(xué)考試研究中心政治教研室老師提醒考試整數(shù)年事件要格外關(guān)注,可能會在綱要、形勢與政策或者當(dāng)代世界經(jīng)濟(jì)與政治中進(jìn)行考查。
60年前,亞非29個國家和地區(qū)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人出席了萬隆會議,形成了團(tuán)結(jié)、友誼、合作的萬隆精神,促進(jìn)了亞非拉民族解放運(yùn)動,加速了全球殖民體系瓦解的歷史進(jìn)程。新形勢下,萬隆精神仍然具有強(qiáng)大生命力。我們要大力弘揚(yáng)萬隆精神,不斷賦予其新的時代內(nèi)涵,①推動構(gòu)建以合作共贏為核心的新型國際關(guān)系,②推動國際秩序和國際體系朝著更加公正合理的方向發(fā)展,③推動建設(shè)人類命運(yùn)共同體,更好造福亞非人民及其他地區(qū)人民。為此,提出如下倡議: 第一,深化亞非合作。
非洲有句諺語,“一根原木蓋不起一幢房屋”。中國也有句古話,“孤舉者難起,眾行者易趨”【注意諺語的使用】。亞非國家加強(qiáng)互利合作,能產(chǎn)生“一加一大于二”的積極效應(yīng)。
第二,拓展南南合作。
加強(qiáng)南南合作,需要加強(qiáng)機(jī)制建設(shè)。要發(fā)揮好不結(jié)盟運(yùn)動、七十七國集團(tuán)等機(jī)制的作用,建設(shè)好亞洲相互協(xié)作與信任措施會議、金磚國家等合作平臺,推動發(fā)展中國家區(qū)域組織開展對話交流,探討建立南南合作新架構(gòu)。
第三,推進(jìn)南北合作。
①堅(jiān)持相互尊重、平等相待,是開展南北合作的政治基礎(chǔ)。合作共贏的基礎(chǔ)是平等,離開了平等難以實(shí)現(xiàn)合作共贏。國家不分大小、強(qiáng)弱、貧富,都是國際社會平等成員,都有平等參與地區(qū)和國際事務(wù)的權(quán)利。要尊重各國主權(quán)、獨(dú)立、領(lǐng)土完整,尊重各國自主選擇的社會制度和發(fā)展道路,反對干涉別國內(nèi)政,反對把自己的意志強(qiáng)加于人。
②幫助發(fā)展中國家發(fā)展、縮小南北差距,是發(fā)達(dá)國家應(yīng)該承擔(dān)的責(zé)任和義務(wù)。③要摒棄冷戰(zhàn)思維、零和博弈的舊觀念,倡導(dǎo)共同、綜合、合作、可持續(xù)安全的新理念,堅(jiān)持通過對話協(xié)商和平解決分歧爭端。
背景知識拓展:
萬隆會議,又稱第一次亞非會議。1955年4月18日至24日,29個亞非國家和地區(qū)的政府代表團(tuán)在印度尼西亞萬隆召開亞非會議(Asian-African conference)。這是亞非國
考研培訓(xùn)領(lǐng)軍品牌——新東方在線[004km.cn]