第一篇：德語國家文化概況復(fù)習(xí)題

判斷正誤

1.“四七社”的精神領(lǐng)袖是格拉斯。2.《法學(xué)總論》、《法學(xué)匯編》和《新敕令》三部法典與《查士丁尼法典》合稱《羅馬法》。

3.1054 年,東部教會宣布脫離羅馬教廷,史稱“東西教會大分裂”。4.17 世紀(jì),巴洛克文化席卷歐洲,文學(xué)藝術(shù)中產(chǎn)生了古典主義。

5.17世紀(jì)藝術(shù)家們把古典文化奉為圭臬，希臘、羅馬的造型藝術(shù)、詩學(xué)、戲劇成為藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作的范本, 其影響之深,乃至引起了著名的 “古今之爭”。

6.1848年的民族統(tǒng)一運動直接威脅到德意志各邦國統(tǒng)治者的利益,遭到他們聯(lián)手鎮(zhèn)壓。奧地利首相梅特涅在各邦君主的支持下,通過了“ 卡爾斯巴德決議”,以撲滅大學(xué)生運動,限制民眾的政治活動。

7.1918年11 月7 日,慕尼黑爆發(fā)革命,革命蔓延到柏林,威廉一世眾叛親離,不得不倉惶出逃荷蘭,在歐洲歷史上叱咤風(fēng)云兩個多世紀(jì)的霍亨佐倫王朝宣告覆滅。8.1919 年6 月28 日,德國代表團(tuán)經(jīng)過長時間的談判,終于在巴黎郊外簽署著名的《凡爾賽條約》。

9.1939 年二戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)前夕,希特勒提出:一旦發(fā)生戰(zhàn)爭,就要徹底消滅歐洲的猶太人,即所謂“最終解決”。

10.1945 年以后,就有一大批相當(dāng)出色的瑞士和奧地利德語作家在德語文學(xué)界占據(jù)了重要地位,例如瑞士作家馬克斯·弗里施和弗里德利?！さ蟼愸R特和奧地利作家托馬斯·貝恩哈特、著名的奧地利女詩人英格博格·巴赫曼，以及當(dāng)代最惹人爭議的奧地利作家彼得·漢特克等。

11.1949 年,布萊希特形象地提出了“砍光伐盡”的文學(xué)主張。12.1970 年12 月7 日,聯(lián)邦德國總理威利·勃蘭特在華沙向華沙無名烈士們和華沙隔都死難者紀(jì)念碑獻(xiàn)花圈時,突然跪倒在地,代表德意志民族和國家向華沙死難者認(rèn)罪。

13.1989 年12 月,在萊比錫傳統(tǒng)的星期一游行中,“我們是一個民族”的口號取代了“我們才是人民”。

14.1990 年12 月,分裂多年的德國終于實現(xiàn)了統(tǒng)一。

15.1996 年春,人稱“統(tǒng)一總理”的科爾大膽提出“ 一攬子節(jié)約措施”以節(jié)約開支,增加就業(yè)機(jī)會。

16.存在主義的主要著作是海德格爾的《存在與虛無》。17.存在主義哲學(xué)是馬丁·海德格爾和卡爾·雅斯貝斯在兩次大戰(zhàn)之間創(chuàng)立的，后來在法國得到了進(jìn)一步的發(fā)展,其思想淵源可追溯到19 世紀(jì)和20 世紀(jì)初歐洲的反理性主義思潮。

18.丹麥哲學(xué)家克爾愷郭爾和德國哲學(xué)家叔本華是存在主義的主要思想先驅(qū)。19.當(dāng)

日耳曼人固有的文化。

22.德國早期啟蒙運動的哲學(xué)代表是黑格爾，他堪稱名副其實的“ 通才”。

23.德語在公元8 世紀(jì)發(fā)生了

45.進(jìn)入創(chuàng)作成熟期的詩人歌德、席勒重新皈依古典傳統(tǒng)。

46.就其特點而言，希臘文化更關(guān)注文化、藝術(shù)、哲學(xué)、宗教等精神領(lǐng)域里的活動，并在這些領(lǐng)域里取得了足以影響整個西方世界的輝煌成就，現(xiàn)代西方世界的哲學(xué)、藝術(shù)、詩學(xué)都是從這里汲取靈感和養(yǎng)料。

47.卡爾四世于1347～1378 年間就任德國皇帝，在海德堡建立了德國歷史上

式”，即史詩、戲劇和詩歌。

69.在政治和法律領(lǐng)域，希臘人首創(chuàng)了“法律下之自由”的概念，并且在當(dāng)時的社會做了實驗。

概念解釋：

“九十五條論綱” “四D”計劃 “帝國理念” 《西方的衰落》 1914年理念 水晶之夜

包豪斯 柏林墻 狂飆突進(jìn) 荷馬史詩 國會縱火案 四D計劃 啟蒙運動 中世紀(jì)行會制度 十字軍東征 大德意志方案與小德意志方案

第二篇：英語國家概況復(fù)習(xí)題及參考答案

《英語國家概況》復(fù)習(xí)題及參考答案

一 Multiple choice(30’)

()1As a result of the Black Death, much land was left untended and there was a terrible shortage of ___ in England.AgrainBfarm toolsChousesDlabor

()2In the late 17th century, two of most famous literary works were Pilgrim’s Progress and _________.Athe Jew of MaltaBthe School of Archery

CNovum OrganumDParadise Lost

()3.In 1836, a group of skilled workers and _____ formed the London Working Men’s Association.AhouseholdersBtenantsCsmall shopkeepersDoffice workers

()4.In the Industrial Revolution, changes occurred earliest and quickest in the industry of ______.A.potteryBhardwareCtextilesDchemicals

()5.In Britain police officers are not allowed to join ________ or to go on strike.Aa choirBa political partyCa trade unionDa club

()6The Great Carter of 1215 is also known as _________.APeople’s CharterB Magna Carta

CKing’s CharterDthe Declaration of human rights

()7Henry Ⅱ was the first king of the ________ dynasty.AMalcolmB PlantagenetCWindsorDTudor

()8.__________ is the most typically English of sports

ACricketBGolfCTennisDHorse-racing

()9.By the Treaty of ______ of 1842, China ceded _______ to Britain.ANanjing, Hong KongBTianjing, Hong Kong

CNanjing, MacauDTianjing, Macau

()10.In _______, the name Great Britain came into being.A1689B1702C1701D1707

()11.The serious economic crisis in the late 1920s and the beginning of 1930s was first brought about by ___.Athe farm failureBthe bank failures

C the stock market crashDthe high unemployment

()12． What are the problems that the U.S.economy has faced from time to time?

AInflationB DepressionsCRecessionsDall of the above

()13．The real American literature began________.Aafter the war of IndependenceBafter the Westward Movement

Cafter the Civil WarDafter the Civil Rights Movement

()14.In 1900, the United States ranked first in the production of ____.AcoalBelectricityC oilDwheat

()15.In the United States, if the parents don’t send their children to school at certain age, ________.Athe state government will be responsible for it

Bthey will educate the children themselves

Cthey can save a lot of moneyDthey are breaking the law

()16.The U.S.and China established their diplomatic relations in _____.A1974B1972C1978D1979

()17In his inaugural speech, ______ said that “the only thing we have to fear is fear itself.”

AWoodrow WilsonBTheodore Roosevelt

CFranklin D.RooseveltDGeorge Washington

()18.One of the characteristics of the American people is _______ and it is said they are always ______.Aliberty, debatingBaggressiveness, starting wars

Cmobility, on the moveDgreediness, making money

()19.Hemingway’s most famous masterpiece was ______.AThe Sun Also RisesBA Farewell to Arms

CFor Whom the Bell TollsDOld Man and the Sea

()20.The system of higher education in the U.S.has three principle functions except ____-.AteachingBresearchCpublic serviceD individual service

following statements are T(true)or F(false)according to what you have learned.(10’)

()1 There are three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: Scotland, Wales and England.()2 Under William’s rule, the freeman were at the bottom of the feudal system.()3 The English Civil War is also called the Glorious Revolution.()4 In U.K, a Parliament has a maximum duration of 4 years.()5 Christmas Day, December 25th, celebrates the birth of Christ, and is the greatest of Christian festivals.()6 Chicago is known as the automobile capital of the world.()7 Between 1850 and1880, many early Chinese immigrants to the United States worked in the mining industry, especially in the gold mines.()8 The Pilgrims built a colony named Plymouth after they arrived in America.()9.The longest war that the United States has fought is the Civil War.()10.Higher education in the U.S consists of six types of institutions.三Fill in the following blanks:(10’)In 1066, England was conquered by the _____________ who were led by William the Conqueror.2 The greatest writer in the English language is ____________________.In criminal trials in Britain, the issue of guilt or innocence is to be decided by the ________ while sentence is to be passed by the _______________.The dominant broadcasting corporation in Britain is ____________, which is controlled by the state.The most famous leader of the American Civil Rights movement in the 1960s was ______________________.The U.S.system of government has two layers of rule.They are the ___________ government and the ______ government.7.The National Day of the United States is ______.Between 1946 and 1961, more than 63 million babies were born in the United States, who were known as the ______________ generation.四 Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions.(30’)What is the official name of Britain?What were the main causes of the Hundred Years’ War?What are the primary sources of British law?How was the 1920s in the United States described by many historians?What is the meaning of the “Lost Generation”?

6.What were the two guiding principles underlying America diplomatic activities in World War Two?

7.What are the three periods as far as the evolution the British economy since the Second World War is concerned?

8.What kind of economic system does the United States have?

9.Why is education very important to Americans?

10.What does the British Parliament consist of?

五 Explain each of the following terms in English.(10’)Thanksgiving Daythe Civil Rights Act of 1964

六 Write between 100-120 words on EITHER of the following topics.(10’)

1.What is Thatcherism and what are the major components of Thatcherism?

2.In what sense was the War of 1812 important to the development of the United States?

參考答案

一 1 DDCCC6 BBAAD 11 CDAAD 16 DCCDD

二 1 TFFFT6 FTTFT

三 1 Norman2 Shakespeare3 juryjudge4 BBC5 Martin Luther KingFederalState74, July8 baby boom

四The official name of Britain is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Nortain Ireland.Tthe main causes of the Hundred Years’ War were partly territorial and partly economic.The primary sources of British law are:(1)Statutes of Parliament;(2)common law;(3)equity law;(4)European Community law.The 1920s in the United States has been described by many historians as a period of material success and spiritual frustration or confusion and purposelessness.The “Lost Generation refers to those who are both physically and spiritually impotent.The first was to win the war;the second was to establish a postwar political structure in accord with American interests and to prevent the Soviet Union from over-expansion.(1)Steady development in the 50s and 60s;

(2)Economic recession in the 70s;

(3)Economic recovery in the 80s.The United state has a free-market economy with a dominant private sector.9.Because it contributes to developing the national strength and personal success.The British Parliament consists of the Sovereign, the House of Lords and the House of Commons.五Thanksgiving Day is a typical American holiday.It is an annual day of thanks for the blessings people have enjoyed during the year.The theme of thanksgiving has been peace and plenty, health and happiness.The Civil Rights Act of 1964It was signed into law by President Jonson in 1964.It outlawed discrimination not only in public housing, but also in employment on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.六

1：The election of 1979 returned the Conservative Party to power and Margaret Thatcher became the first woman prime minister in Britain.Her policies are popularly referred to as Thatcherism.It included:

(1)the return to private ownership of state-owned industries;

(2)the use of monetarist polices to control inflation;

(3)the weakening of trade union;

(4)the strengthening of the role market forces in the economy;

(5)an emphasis on law and order.The war, however, had great impact on the development of the United States.（1）The war made people realize the importance of a strong national government.（2）The war strengthened the feeling of national unity and patriotism.（3）For almost 10 years after the war, the Americans turned their attention to the development of the western part of the continent.（4）It made both Britain and Unites States realize that their disputes should be solve through negotiation..Please write any three of the 13 colonies the British established along the east coast of North America between 1607 and 1733.

第三篇：英美國家文化概況課后選擇題答案

UNIT3

1.Which of the following statements was correct around the time of the American Revolution? The American had the mixed blood of Europeans or their descendants.2.Which of the following was NOT one of the three forces that led to the modern development of Europe?

The spiritual leadership of the Roman Catholic Church.3.The following were the main Reformation leaders except

Martin Luther King

4.The following were some of the characteristics of Protestantism except

salvation through the church.5.Which of the following American values did NOT come from Puritanism?

separation of state and church.6.Lord Baltimore's feudal plan failed because

the English king did not like the plan.7.The following were the founding fathers of the American Republic except

William Penn.8.The theory of American politics and the American Revolution originated mainly fromJohn Locke.9.Which of the following was NOT a denomination of Protestantism?

Catholics.10.“No taxation without representation” was the rallying cry of “

the people of the 13 colonies on the eve of the American Revolution.UNIT4

1.Which of the following statements was NOT correct? When the War of Independence was over,the relationships between the states and the national government were clearly defined.2.According to the author, the Articles of Confederation failed because of the following reasons.Which is not true?

Some new states wanted to be free from the Union.3.Which of the following states refused to participate in the Constitutional Convention?Rhode Island.4.Which of the following statements was NOT correct? When the Constitution was written, there was a Bill of Rights in the Constitution.5.Which of the following is the only branch that can make federal laws, and levy federal taxes?The legislative.6.Which of the following is NOT a power of the president?

The president can make laws.7.The Bill of Rights consists ofamendments added to the Constitution in 1791.8.Which of the following is NOT guaranteed in the Bill of Rights?

The freedom of searching a person's home by police.9.The following were NOT written into the Constitution in 1787 except

the powers of the president.10.The New Deal was started by

Franklin Roosevelt.UNIT 5

1.The first factory in the United States was a cotton textile mill in Pawtucket, in the state ofRhode Island.2.The “American system” of mass production was first used in United States.firearms industry

3.The United States had the first standard paper currency in 1863.4.In which year was the United States rated NO.1 in terms of production capacity in the world? 1945

5.Which of the following is NOT considered as part of the service industry?

Steelmaking

6.The United States was rated forth in the world in terms of land area and the size of population.7.The United States produces as much as half of the world?s

soybeans and corn.8.Which of the following is generally considered as an important institutional factor that contributed to the success of American business and industry?

Laissez-faire

9.Who has extolled the virtues of farmers?

Thomas Jefferson

10.The latest technology that farmers have adopted is

computers

UNIT6

1.Which of the following was NOT a Protestant denomination?

The Catholics

2.Which of the following is unconstitutional in the United States?

Public money is provided to support religious schools.3.Which of the following is NOT regarded as one of the three basic religious beliefs?Islamic

4.Which of the following is true?

Liberal Protestants and Jews join non-believers in maintaining that abortion is a basic right for women,5.Which of the following continues to have an all-male clergy?

The Catholic Church

6.Which of the following features is NOT distinctively American?

There has been very much concentration on doctrine or religious argument in the US.7.In the United States, people go to church mainly for the following reasons except forfinding a job in society.8.Which of the following statement is NOT correct according to the author?

Protestant Church is an established church by law in the US.UNIT 7

1.Which of the following was a writer of the post-Revolutionary period?

Washington Irving

2.Which of the following is considered an American masterpiece?

Moby Dick

3.Which of the following was written by Henry David Thoreau?

Walden

4.Whitman?s poetry has the following characteristics except

fragmented haunting images

5.Mark Twain?s work are characterized by the following except

egotism

6.Three of the following are characteristics of Emily Dickinson?s poems.Which one is NOT? Her poems are very long and powerful.7.Henry Jameswas mainly interested in writing about American living in Europe.8.Sherwood Andersonis NOT included in the group of naturalists.9.Three of the following authors are Noble Prize winners.Which one is NOT?

F.Scott Fitzgerald.10.John Steinbeckdoes NOT belong to the ?Lost Generation?.11.Light in Augustwas NOT written by Hemingway.12.Which of the following is NOT an African-American author?

Alan Ginsberg

13.The following author were women writers who wrote novels in the 19th and early 20th century with the exception of

Willa Cather

14.The following writers represent new American voices except

T.S.Eliot

15.Among the following Native American writers, whose publications are regarded as sparking the beginning of the Native American Renaissance?

Scott Momaday?s

UNIT 8

1.Which of the following subjects are NOT offered to elementary school students?Politics and business education.2.The expenditure in American public schools is guided or decided by _______.boards of education

3.In the United States school systems, which of the following divisions is true?

Elementary school, secondary school.4.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in American higher education?

Research institutions

5.Three of the following factors have contributed to the flourishing of large universities in America, which is the exception?

Large universities offer scholarships to all students.6.The most important reason for students wanting to get into more desirable institutions becausethey find it easy for them to get jobs after having graduated from one of them

7.In order to go to university, secondary school students must meet the following requirements except that _______.they pass the college entrance examinations

8.Three of the following universities have large endowments from wealthy benefactors.Which is the exception?

The State University of New York

9.Both public and private universities depend on the following sources of income except _______.Investment

10.To get a bachelor's degree, an undergraduate student is required to do the following excepttaking certain subjects such as history, language and philosophy

UNIT 9

1.Black American sang the anthem of the civil rights movement, ______affirming their commitment to fight racial prejudice.We Shall Overcome!

2.The most notorious terrorist group against black civil rights workers in the South was known asKu Klux Klan.3.The reason why many young people were involved in the social movements of the 1960s was that

they resented traditional white male values in US society

4.In addition to such tactics as sit-ins, young students also added ______to educate people about war in Vietnam.Teach-in

5.According to the author, three civil rights groups provided the leadership, the tactics, and the people to fight against Southern segregation.Which is the exception?

The students for a democratic society

6.A historic moment of the civil rights movement was the March on Washington of August 28, 1963 when ______delivered his “I Have a Dream”

Martin Luther King, Jr.7.In January 1965, President Johnson declared “_______” to eliminate poverty “by opening to everyone the opportunity to live in decency and dignity.”

War on poverty

8.Unlike Martin Luther King, _______the chief spokesperson of Black Muslins advocated violence in self defense and black pride.Malcolm X

9.During the early stages of the civil rights movement, the major integration strategy initiated by the Congress of Racial Equality was known as _____to integrate interstate buses and bus station in the South.Freedom rides

10.Due to his firm belief in nonviolent peaceful protest in the spirit of India?s leader Gandhi, _______was awarded the Noble Peace Prize in 1964.Martin Luther King,Jr.11.The one group within the counter culture best known for their pursuit of happiness as their only goal in life was called____

the Hippies

12.In the 1960s, feminism was reborn.Many women were dissatisfied with their lives, and in 1963, with the publication of _______by _________, they found a voice.The Feminine Mystique, Betty Friedan

UNIT 10

1.Which of the following statement is NOT true about blacks after the 1960s?

Blacks felt that they could be fully integrated into the mainstream of American life.2.the main factor contributing to the widening income gap between blacks and whites in the 1970s was _____

black had low position and low pay in the workplace hierarchy

3.Which of the following is NOT the reason for the higher arrest rates among minority groups? The aggressive nature of these groups.4.Which of the following does NOT belong to the white-collar crime?

Robbery

5.Which of the following statement is NOT true?

The Northern states did not have racial discrimination.6.Accoding to the text, which of the following is NOT a dysfunction caused by drug abuse? Drug abuse is a major cause of unemployment.7.If white-collar crimes were included in the Crime Index, the profile of a typical criminal in the United States would be the following EXCEPT

living near city centers

8.Which of the following used human beings as guinea pigs to test drugs like LSD?The CIA

UNIT11

1.When did the word stereotype come into use in English?

Early 17th century

2.Which organization in the United States demonstrated strongly against any laws that might restrict gun ownership?

The NRA(national Rifle Association)

3.Which of the following websites are meant to cater to young tastes?

Facebook

4.Who was the author of the popular play The Melting Pot which was associated with life in America since the late 18th century?

Israel Zangwill

5.What was the major historical event that resulted in the separation of the Protestants from the Roman Catholic Church?

The 16th-century Reformation

6.Which of the following expressions represents the core value of the mainstream society in the USA?

Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.7.Which of the following was President Franklin D.Roosevelt?s main concern?

Social justice

8.According to the author, the mosaic metaphor for American image has one fatal flaw.What is it?

American is not open to change.9.The internet has several characteristics that reflect life in the USA today.Which one is NOT? People can freely download MP3 music

10.Which of the following institution is responsible for the making of the Internet?

The US military

11.Free use of the Internet in the US responds to the basic American values, except that _____it doesn?t help create material wealth.12.Which of the following helps theorize the concept of Fraternity?Karl Marx

第四篇：國家概況演講稿

The 1st PPT:

Then i will talk something about the well-known colleges in Los Angeles.The 2nd PPT:

First, let us see the contents of eight main colleges in Los Angeles.A is the UCLA(加利福尼亞大學(xué)洛杉磯分校);B is the CSUN(加州州立大學(xué)北嶺分校);C is the CSULA(加州州立大學(xué)洛杉磯分校);D is the USC(南加州大學(xué))The 3rd PPT:

E is the Cal Tech(加州理工學(xué)院);F is the Occidental College(西方學(xué)院);G is the East Los Angeles College(東洛杉磯學(xué)院);H is the Pepperdine University(佩珀代因大學(xué))The 4th PPT:

Before i begin the introduction, i want you to enjoy some beautiful pictures of the college.The 5th PPT:

This is the University of California, Los Angeles(加利福尼亞大學(xué)洛杉磯分校).As a public university which was built in 1919, now it is one of the top universities in American and has the largest number of application for admission in the USA.The 6th PPT:

This is the California State University, Northridge(加州州立大學(xué)北嶺分校).It was built in 1958.It has gotten the acknowledgement from WASC.Its primary specialty are Movie&TV.Many famous stars will come into the campus to have some performances.Chinese stars Chen Chong and Pan Weibo also learned in this college before.The 7th PPT:

This is the California State University, Los Angeles(加州州立大學(xué)洛杉磯分校).Built in 1947, it has many distinguished professors and alumnus and alumna.The 8th PPT:

Let us enjoy some photos of the next college’s campus.The 9th PPT:

This college i’ll tell you is the University of Southern California(南加州大學(xué)).It was built in 1880 and it was the oldest private research university in California.There are 5 staff getting the Nobel Prize.And during more than 100 years, the alumnus of this college has won 280 Olympic Medals, which is the top one over all colleges around the world.And Armstrong is one of the alumnus.The 10th PPT:

The next college is the California Institute of Technology(加州理工學(xué)院).Built in 1891, it is the top university of Technology in the world.And it also got the No.1 in the Times Higher Education.However, it only has about 900 undergraduates and 1000 postgraduates.This college has developed many prestigious scientists such as Qian Xuesen, GordonMoore(who created Intel), and Richard Feynman(who created Feynman Diagram).The 11th PPT:

With the background of some pictures of this college, these are several Chinese and Western scientists came from this college.The 12th PPT: Then i want to introduce Occidental College(西方學(xué)院).It was built in 1887 and its feature is the multi specialty.The president Obama once was the student of this university.The 13th PPT:

The next college i want to talk about is the East Los Angeles College(東洛杉磯學(xué)院).It was built in 1945 and it is a famous community college.The 14th PPT:

The last university on my list is the Pepperdine University(佩珀代因大學(xué)).Built in 1937, it was the No.1 in the LL.M Dispute Resolution in 2013.It is famous for its rigorous style of study.And because it gets a good landscape, it also becomes a good place to visit.So in the final time , let us appreciate the beautiful scenery of it.

第五篇：中國旅游客源國概況復(fù)習(xí)題

中國旅游客源國概況復(fù)習(xí)題

第一章世界旅游客源市場

1、世界旅游發(fā)展簡史

答：（1）近代旅游業(yè)發(fā)端于19世紀(jì)中葉的西歐和北美

（2）20世紀(jì)前半葉，世界經(jīng)濟(jì)在危機(jī)、戰(zhàn)爭和革命風(fēng)暴的沖擊下起伏不定，世界旅游

業(yè)時興時廢、時斷時續(xù)，發(fā)展緩慢

（3）20世紀(jì)后半葉，進(jìn)入了全球性的大眾旅游時代

2、旅游業(yè)特點

答：（1）旅游業(yè)發(fā)展速度快，幅度大

（2）旅游活動具有廣泛的群眾性

（3）旅游活動遍及全球

（4）旅游的內(nèi)容和方式日趨多樣化

（5）旅游業(yè)已成為當(dāng)今世界經(jīng)濟(jì)中最大的產(chǎn)業(yè)，成為許多國家國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的中國要產(chǎn)業(yè)和

創(chuàng)匯來源

（6）旅游業(yè)的國內(nèi)管理和國際協(xié)調(diào)郭襄制度化、規(guī)范化

3、全球分為那幾個區(qū)

答：非洲，美洲，東亞及太平洋地區(qū)，歐洲，中東和南亞

4、非洲旅游業(yè)特點

答：起步晚，基礎(chǔ)差，發(fā)展緩慢

5、非洲旅游業(yè)發(fā)展不起來的原因

答：非洲大多數(shù)國家經(jīng)濟(jì)比較落后，旅游設(shè)施不完善，一些地區(qū)社會動蕩、自然災(zāi)害嚴(yán)重，影響著旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展

6、非洲旅游業(yè)發(fā)展面臨的主要任務(wù)

答：改善旅游基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，改進(jìn)和開發(fā)心地旅游產(chǎn)品，并進(jìn)行得力的市場促銷

7、如何發(fā)展美洲旅游業(yè)

答：美洲應(yīng)開發(fā)新的客源市場，特別是高質(zhì)量、高產(chǎn)出的亞洲市場；加勒比地區(qū)要用豐富的新產(chǎn)品和有利的促銷手段，重新推向美國市場；拉丁美洲地區(qū)的旅游業(yè)需要該區(qū)各國政府給予相應(yīng)的重視，應(yīng)加強(qiáng)區(qū)域內(nèi)的合作

8、如何進(jìn)一步發(fā)展東亞及太平洋地區(qū)旅游業(yè)

答：東亞地區(qū)應(yīng)進(jìn)一步開發(fā)既能滿足西方遠(yuǎn)程旅游者，又能滿足東方近程旅游者的旅游產(chǎn)品，完善基礎(chǔ)服務(wù)設(shè)施，在大理接待日益增多的旅游者的同時，保持和提高旅游質(zhì)量；加強(qiáng)旅游旅游經(jīng)濟(jì)合作，形成統(tǒng)一的亞太旅游形象，擴(kuò)大亞太地區(qū)在世界旅游經(jīng)濟(jì)中的份額；在高速發(fā)展旅游業(yè)的同時，高度重視旅游資源和環(huán)境保護(hù)，確保旅游業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展

9、如何進(jìn)一步發(fā)展歐洲旅游業(yè)

答：歐洲應(yīng)充分發(fā)揮其豐富多彩的歷史文化遺產(chǎn)和先進(jìn)的旅游接待設(shè)施的優(yōu)勢，搭理開發(fā)面向亞太、北美和南美旅游者的旅游產(chǎn)品，特別是家庭旅游產(chǎn)品

10、中東地區(qū)旅游業(yè)發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵因素

答：能否保持社會穩(wěn)定，實現(xiàn)和平發(fā)展。隨著中東和平進(jìn)程的推進(jìn)，中東的旅游業(yè)將會得到巨大的發(fā)展。中東地區(qū)國家應(yīng)加強(qiáng)旅游業(yè)的區(qū)域合作和聯(lián)合促銷，并大力改善基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和服務(wù)設(shè)施，提高旅游服務(wù)水平。

11、世界旅游市場整在想歐洲，東亞太和美洲三足鼎立的新格局演變

12、世界旅游業(yè)發(fā)展最顯著地特征遠(yuǎn)將是遠(yuǎn)程旅游的增加

第二章 中國旅游業(yè)和海外客源市場

1、中國旅游業(yè)經(jīng)歷了歷史性轉(zhuǎn)變

答（1）在旅游事業(yè)的性質(zhì)上，從政治接待活動轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榻?jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)業(yè)，旅游業(yè)成為由行、游、住、食、購、娛六個要素組成的新興產(chǎn)業(yè)

（2）在接待對象上，從過去的半封閉式轉(zhuǎn)為向世界全面開放

（3）在產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)模上，從少數(shù)幾家旅行社、高檔賓館、餐館，發(fā)展成有飯店業(yè)、旅行社、旅

游交通、旅游商品、旅游娛樂、旅游教育、宣傳出版等構(gòu)成的綜合性的產(chǎn)業(yè)，成為第三產(chǎn)業(yè)中的重點產(chǎn)業(yè)之一

（4）在旅游經(jīng)濟(jì)的所有指構(gòu)成上，從單一的全民所有制結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)向國有、集體、私營、個體、股份、中外合資（或合作）和外商獨資并存的多種所有制結(jié)構(gòu)

（5）在旅游文化體系上，隨著旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展及旅游活動質(zhì)量的提高，旅游的文化內(nèi)涵逐漸

加重，旅游活動的文化信息量日漸提高，旅游從業(yè)人員的數(shù)量和質(zhì)量不斷提高

（6）在管理體制上，從政企合一的指令性計劃管理想政企分開的市場經(jīng)濟(jì)型管理轉(zhuǎn)變

（7）在國際聯(lián)系上，從過去的隔絕式轉(zhuǎn)為開放式、參與式，從坐等海外游客上門轉(zhuǎn)向主動

出門宣傳促銷、組織招徠

（8）中國旅游的國際地位日益提高。

2、中國海外客源市場分兩大塊，一塊是香港、澳門和臺灣同胞及海外僑胞，另一塊是外國人。其中，香港、澳門和臺灣同胞及海外僑胞占海外客源市場的五分之四，外國人占五分之一

3、為什么吧港澳臺劃分在海外客源市場

答：港澳臺同胞和華僑是大陸人民的骨肉同胞，不同于外國旅游者，但由于歷史原因和現(xiàn)實

情況，對他們的旅游接待于其他國際旅游者有很多相似之處，因此把他們作為入境旅游者。新中國成立以來，港澳臺同胞和華僑一直占我國入境旅游的最主要部分

4、外國客源市場以亞洲為主體，歐洲和北美為兩翼

5、中國海外客源市場開發(fā)前景

答：中國的海外客源市場將在“一體兩翼”格局的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)展到世界五大洲更多的國家和地區(qū)，趨向全方位、多元化。

（1）亞太地區(qū)客源市場將穩(wěn)中求升。在亞太地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)進(jìn)一步提升和該地區(qū)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)合作進(jìn)

一步深化的基礎(chǔ)上，我國的這一主要客源市場將達(dá)到一個新的水平

（2）歐洲市場進(jìn)一步拓展。俄羅斯一直是中國客源市場中較穩(wěn)定的前幾國家之一，英法德

也居來華旅游者前列。由于中國和歐洲各國經(jīng)濟(jì)合作的擴(kuò)大和進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)，今后歐洲客源市場將進(jìn)一步拓展，不僅向西歐、中歐，更重要的是向南歐和北歐擴(kuò)展

（3）美洲市場就有巨大潛力。美國將任然是中國的一個重點客源市場，加拿大市場亦會有

加大的增長。南美洲是中國國際客源市場中的一項空白。隨著亞洲與南美洲新航線的開通，南美將會成為中國的一個新的客源地。

（4）中東和非洲歷來是中國國際客源市場中的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)。中東和非洲歷來是中國國際客源

市場中的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)，隨著中國與中東、非洲建交，經(jīng)貿(mào)，文化關(guān)系的發(fā)展，中國將持續(xù)打開這兩個富有潛力的國際客源市場

第三章 亞太地區(qū)

日本

1、日本是一個群島國家，全境由4000多個小島組成2、日本火山、地震、溫泉多，全國有大小火山200多座，其中活火山占1/4。日本的陸地

面積僅占世界陸地面積的1/400，卻集中了世界上活火山的1/10。日本是世界上地震最頻繁的國家之一，全國平均每天約有4次地震，故被稱為“火山地震之邦”。

3、日本有溫泉約2萬處，是世界最大的溫泉國

4、日本的礦產(chǎn)資源十分貧乏，是世界上最大的資源進(jìn)口國。

5、北海道漁場是世界著名的漁場之一，魚類多達(dá)700種，捕魚量居世界首位。

主要旅游資源

1、東京（Tokyo）

①新宿②銀座——商業(yè)中心③皇宮區(qū)——天皇居住的宮殿。④迪斯尼樂園——日本最大的游樂場

2、大阪

①大阪城堡——日本最大的城堡②四天王寺——最早的佛教古跡

3、京都——“千年古都”

是日本花道、茶道的繁盛之地，被稱為“日本的靈魂”。

京都御所——日本的故宮

4、北海道

①札幌②登別——著名的溫泉之鄉(xiāng)③富士山——火山

1、日本人的“島國意識”

“島國意識”也即“生存意識”、“危機(jī)意識”，日本的國民有一種較為強(qiáng)烈的生存危機(jī)感，從而表現(xiàn)出來較強(qiáng)的勤勞、節(jié)儉、努力、創(chuàng)新的意識。日本人這種生存意識、危機(jī)意識的形成跟它的國情是分不開的。因為它是一個地理小國、資源小國、人口大國、多災(zāi)之國。

2、日本的文化特征主要體現(xiàn)在：

對傳統(tǒng)文化的繼承性、對外來文明的兼容性、對求道革新的獨創(chuàng)性。正是這繼承性、兼容性、獨創(chuàng)性造就了日本獨特的全新文化，即所謂的“雜食文化”。日本文化特征的表現(xiàn)，則有如日本人自己說的“右手拿算盤，左手拿《論語》”、“東洋的道德，西洋的技術(shù)”。它既包含著儒家思想的內(nèi)容，同時又散發(fā)著濃厚的歐美氣息。

3、日本旅華增長的原因

1、中國旅游資源尤其文化資源對日本游客有著厚重的吸引力

2、日本海外旅游者傾向時間更短、距離更近、花費更少的目的地

3、中日兩國間日益頻繁的經(jīng)貿(mào)往來和各種交流帶來的大量的商務(wù)客流

4、日本的見面禮儀

脫帽鞠躬，很少握手。但如女性或長輩主動伸出手是，男性或晚輩即可迎握，但不要用力握或久握。

兩人并排行走，自己主動走在靠車道一側(cè)，以照顧對方安全。與人說話不要凝視對方。常用見面禮節(jié)語有“您好”、“對不起”、“打擾您了”、“請多關(guān)照”等等。

日本人習(xí)慣于準(zhǔn)備一些見面禮品。禮物大小視情況而定，有事禮物小而誼重情深。

6、重要節(jié)日

賞櫻盛會3月15日至4月15日是日本的櫻花節(jié)

元旦1月1日

桃花節(jié)3月3日，也稱偶人節(jié)，女孩子的節(jié)日

盂蘭盆節(jié)關(guān)東7月，關(guān)西8月

韓國和朝鮮

一、主要旅游資源

1、漢城（首爾）

（1）三大古宮

①景福宮②昌德宮③昌慶宮

（2）仁寺洞

（3）崇禮門（南大門）最典型的朝鮮王朝建筑之一。被稱為漢城的象征。

（4）漢城塔

（5）華克山莊

（6）樂天世界，世界上最大的室內(nèi)娛樂中心

（7）城北的板門店

2、慶州——世界十大古都之一

瞻星臺，感恩寺，文武王海中陵

3、釜山——是韓國的第二大城市和第一大海港

梵魚寺，通度寺，溫泉，固城恐龍腳印化石

4、濟(jì)州島（Cheju）——“韓國夏威夷”——韓國第一大島

金寧窟和萬丈窟，漢拿山國立公園

二、客源特點

①“廉價”、“近距離”、“短時間”。

②韓國國民出游的目的地首選亞洲鄰近國家和地區(qū)，主要原因在于地理位置接近，歷史文化相近和貿(mào)易關(guān)系密切

③出游目的：以休閑度假和商務(wù)旅游為主，另外探親訪友，培訓(xùn)休學(xué)，文化體育

④散客旅游、家庭旅游、個人旅游的消費呈上升趨勢。

⑤年齡構(gòu)成：21～50歲的中青年游客為主體，女性游客里增長勢頭。

⑥出國游客易感興趣的是購物，其次是城市旅游，再次是自然風(fēng)管

三、來華旅游現(xiàn)狀

①目前韓國是我國第二位的主要客源國

②散客多，團(tuán)隊少

③觀光休閑與商務(wù)會議為主

四、重要節(jié)日

春節(jié)農(nóng)歷1月1日，是韓國人生活中最隆重的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日

上元節(jié)“上元”指陰歷正月十五

端午節(jié)陰歷五月初五

中秋節(jié)陰歷八月十五，回家團(tuán)聚，也是韓國人的感恩節(jié)。這天的特殊食物是“松餅”。光復(fù)節(jié)公歷八月十五日

蒙古

1、重要節(jié)日

春節(jié)

那達(dá)慕7月11日。“那達(dá)慕”大會是蒙古民族傳統(tǒng)的群眾性節(jié)慶活動。屆時，有摔跤、賽馬、射箭等體育活動。1997年6月，蒙古決定將國慶節(jié)易名為“國慶節(jié)——那達(dá)慕”

2、旅游景點

烏蘭巴托原名“庫倫”，城市四周有博格多、桑根、青格爾泰等山峰環(huán)抱，其中，博格多山被稱為圣山。山上松林茂密，多野生動物，是蒙古建立最早的自然風(fēng)景保護(hù)區(qū)之一 哈爾和林蒙古歷史名城，蒙古帝國的政治中心。

庫蘇古爾湖蒙古最大的淡水湖

新加坡

1.新加坡面積不大，既沒有名山大川，也沒有多少名勝古跡，旅游資源并不豐富，為什么能發(fā)展成為世界十大旅游中心之一，原因何在？

（1）交通發(fā)達(dá)。

世界航運中心，國際航空客運周轉(zhuǎn)量居世界第五位，新加坡的航空世界高度發(fā)達(dá)，便捷發(fā)達(dá)的交通確保了旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展。

（2）加強(qiáng)狐疑旅游昂的政局穩(wěn)定，社會治安良好，回憶設(shè)施先進(jìn)的優(yōu)勢，加強(qiáng)會議旅游。新加坡以居世界第六大會議中心，亞洲首位會議中心，新加坡建有100多座國際會議館。由于這些會議大都具有參加人數(shù)多，逗留時間長，消費水平高，購買能力強(qiáng)的特點，最終帶動了國際旅游事業(yè)的發(fā)展

（3）降低旅游費用爭奪客源市場

大多數(shù)人都是利用自己的繼續(xù)出國旅游，因而節(jié)約開支，降低消費成為大多數(shù)旅游者的普通需求，根據(jù)旅游者的這一特點，新加坡在世界各旅游城市消費上漲的情況下，通過降低旅游費用來爭奪客源市場，在新加坡不僅吃玩便宜，而且就是一批一流賓館的收費也較其他國家低廉，毫無疑問，這價廉物美的旅游地形象具有極強(qiáng)的競爭力，贏得了各國旅游者的贊賞

（4）注重開展優(yōu)質(zhì)服務(wù)

新加坡旅游接待服務(wù)質(zhì)量水準(zhǔn)高，有一套完整的旅游夫婦機(jī)構(gòu)，一些飯店屢屢在國際上獲得最佳飯店的稱號，新加坡航空公司在國際上享有很高的聲譽。

有態(tài)度殷勤熱情的接待人員，無論食宿、交通、、參觀游覽等都有安排的十分周到。開展“禮貌運動”，提高全社會的道德水平，旅游者會產(chǎn)生安全感，而且感到特別親切和尊重。

（5）不斷快發(fā)展和完善舊項目，増辟新項目

増辟新項目，是其旅游業(yè)長盛不衰的奧妙之所在，新加坡成分利用其地處熱帶雨林氣候的有利條件，建造了許多旅游場所，諸如熱帶植物園，珊瑚館，裕廊飛禽公園，度假營等等，這些場所不及布局合理，獨具匠心，還具有知識性

（6）法律法規(guī)健全，實施嚴(yán)格，科學(xué)管理

為了保證出售商品的質(zhì)優(yōu)價廉，新加坡推行“優(yōu)質(zhì)零售計劃”，發(fā)放魚尾獅標(biāo)志，作為信得過商店，若游客受到詐騙，立刻投訴，賠償損失，或吊銷營業(yè)執(zhí)照，保護(hù)有課消費權(quán)，廣大游客可以放心購物。為了依法管理旅游業(yè)，頒發(fā)了條例法規(guī)。留給有課的印象是“城市地面只有兩種東西，草坪和水泥“

2、重要節(jié)日

國慶節(jié)8月9日

食品節(jié)4月17日

百鳥爭鳴節(jié)7月

3、主要景點

天福宮、裕華園、星和園、魚尾獅公園、晚晴園、植物園——世界上最大的蘭花園之一，世界著名的熱帶植物園之

一、裕廊飛禽公園、泰國

1、泰國的國教是佛教。有“黃袍佛國”、“千佛之國”的美譽

2、民間節(jié)日

清邁鮮花節(jié)2月4號到6號，2月份是北部清邁地區(qū)百花盛開的世界，花節(jié)除展出各種花

卉以外，還有許多表演項目，諸如：花車游行，選美比賽，花船展示

萬佛節(jié)每年泰歷3月15日。表達(dá)佛教徒對佛祖的信仰和尊敬而設(shè)立的節(jié)日

宋干節(jié)亦稱“求雨節(jié)”。泰國佛歷新年，每年公歷4月13日至15日，人們要舉行“浴佛

慶典”“堆沙”“齋僧”“放生”“游行”“潑水”等重要活動

菲律賓

主要旅游景點

1.馬尼拉

菲律賓文化村、梨剎公園、圣奧古斯丁大教堂、唐人街、馬拉卡南宮

2．呂宋島

巴納韋高山梯田、百勝灘、碧瑤

2.巴拉望

3.馬榮火山

越南

1、有染齒習(xí)俗，黑齒是女郎、少女貌美的重要條件之一，有“黑齒桃顏”之說

2、主要旅游景點

（1）河內(nèi)

還劍湖、巴亭廣場、西湖

（2）胡志明市

總統(tǒng)府、圣母院、高等法院

（3）峴港

美索思圣地、會安古鎮(zhèn)

（4）下龍灣

印度

主要旅游景點

1.新德里

泰姬陵

2.加爾各答

3.孟買

阿旃陀石窟、胡馬雍陵、金廟、阿格拉紅包