第一篇:外貿(mào)函電禮儀
外貿(mào)函電禮儀
摘要:隨著信息技術(shù)和網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,相互間的商務(wù)信息交流也隨之廣泛,而互通信息的的工具也越來(lái)越多,主要是傳真、信函、互聯(lián)網(wǎng),電子郵件。其中,外貿(mào)電函是商務(wù)交際的重要手段之一。在商務(wù)交際中禮儀是很重要的,它是外貿(mào)電函文體特征之一。好的禮儀是成功的一半,是不可忽視的。因此,我們?cè)谔顚懮虅?wù)電函時(shí),我們務(wù)必要了解商務(wù)電函禮儀原則、理論和禮貌的策略等,它涉及到包括業(yè)務(wù)關(guān)系,詢價(jià),報(bào)價(jià),接受,訂單的執(zhí)行情況,航運(yùn),保險(xiǎn),付款,索賠等機(jī)構(gòu)營(yíng)業(yè)。
關(guān)鍵詞:外貿(mào)電函 語(yǔ)篇構(gòu)成 禮貌策略原則 禮貌策略分析
Abstract As information technology and network technology, human society into the information society, largely fax, internet, e-mail more quickly, convenient, economical means of communication instead of the traditional means of communication letter Business English is the foreign trade exchange of correspondence one of the main.As the carrier is carried out in English letters and telegrams between the main application of the telegraph, telex, letter, fax, e-mail communication It is a tool for companies to contact customers in the foreign trade plays a role in communication between buyers and sellers of media;it relates to the business including the establishment of business relations, inquire, offer, offer, acceptance, implementation of orders, shipping, insurance, payments, claims, etc.Key words: correspond;construction;politeness principle;politeness analysis 前言:英語(yǔ)外貿(mào)函電作為商務(wù)交際中最常見(jiàn)的的一種應(yīng)用文,具有突出的格式化特征、語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)特征和語(yǔ)言特征。外貿(mào)函電按照其所傳遞信息的性質(zhì)不同。語(yǔ)篇所體現(xiàn)的概念功能、人際功能和語(yǔ)篇功能也有所不同,所以語(yǔ)篇的結(jié)構(gòu)和語(yǔ)言特征也具有不同的表現(xiàn)形式。消極信息外貿(mào)電函的交際目的是傳遞不利于對(duì)方的消息,寫信者不但要盡力說(shuō)服對(duì)方接受函電所傳遞的信息,而且要傳遞愿意繼續(xù)保持業(yè)務(wù)來(lái)往的信息。本文分析消極電函的語(yǔ)篇構(gòu)建過(guò)程中所體現(xiàn)的合作原則和禮貌原則,選擇和使用科學(xué)的語(yǔ)篇構(gòu)成策略。
一、外貿(mào)語(yǔ)篇函電體現(xiàn)的語(yǔ)篇策略和原則
1.合作原則
美國(guó)哲學(xué)家Grice(1975)認(rèn)為,回話是受到一定條件制約的,人們進(jìn)行交際之所以不說(shuō)出一連串互不連貫的話,是因?yàn)闀?huì)話者互相合作,同遵循一個(gè)目的后一組目的。為了達(dá)到某一幕的你,會(huì)話雙方都必須共同遵循一些基本原則,他特別強(qiáng)調(diào)“合作原則”。Grice指出,人們?cè)谡勗捴凶袷氐脑瓌t包括四個(gè)范疇,而每個(gè)原則中又包括一條準(zhǔn)則和一條次準(zhǔn)則;(1)量的準(zhǔn)則(Quantity Maxim):第一,所說(shuō)的話應(yīng)該包括當(dāng)前所包括的所需的信息;第二,所所的話不應(yīng)該超出所需要的信息;(2)質(zhì)的準(zhǔn)則(Quality Maxim):第一,不要說(shuō)自己不知道的話;第二不要說(shuō)自己缺乏足夠證據(jù)的話;(3)關(guān)聯(lián)準(zhǔn)則(Relation Maxim):第一,所說(shuō)的話要貼切、要相關(guān);(4)方式準(zhǔn)則(Manner Maxim):第一,說(shuō)話簡(jiǎn)練;第二,說(shuō)話要有條理。
如果說(shuō)話者要直截了當(dāng)?shù)谋硎境鲎约旱囊馑?,就必須遵循上述這些規(guī)則。但在現(xiàn)實(shí)實(shí)際生活中人們會(huì)在不同程度上有意不遵循上述的規(guī)則,而是間接地表達(dá)自己的意思。英國(guó)語(yǔ)言學(xué)家Leech認(rèn)為,“合作原則”的主要作用體現(xiàn)在解釋語(yǔ)言系統(tǒng)意義(sense)和話語(yǔ)意義(force)之間關(guān)系的轉(zhuǎn)換上。但是合作原則有個(gè)明顯的缺陷,它無(wú)法解釋人們?yōu)槭裁唇?jīng)常要違反合作原則,間接地表達(dá)自己的意見(jiàn)。2.禮貌原則
商務(wù)英語(yǔ)電函的寫作主要遵循七個(gè)C,即;Clear(清楚),Concise(簡(jiǎn)明),Correct(正確),Courteous(禮貌),Conve-rsational(對(duì)話),Convincing(可信)和 Complete(完整)。其中禮貌是其中的重要原則之一。禮貌通常被理解為說(shuō)話人為了達(dá)到某一目的而采取的措施,如增加或維護(hù)交際雙方的和睦關(guān)系。語(yǔ)言學(xué)界對(duì)于禮貌的各種原則可用于說(shuō)明語(yǔ)言使用中的許多現(xiàn)象,也具有較強(qiáng)的描述能力。Leech在《語(yǔ)用學(xué)原則》中(1983)把“禮貌原則”(politeness principle)作為“合作原則”的“援助”原則提出來(lái),完善了“會(huì)話含義”學(xué)說(shuō)。Leech把“禮貌原則”劃分為六類,每一類包括一條準(zhǔn)則和兩條此準(zhǔn)則:(1)寬宏準(zhǔn)則(Generosity Maxim):第一,使他人受損最?。坏诙?,使他人受惠最大;(2)策略準(zhǔn)則(Tact Maxim):第一種原則,使自身受惠最小,第二,使自身受損最小;(3)贊揚(yáng)準(zhǔn)則(Approbation Maxim):第一,盡力縮小對(duì)他人的貶損;第二,盡力夸大對(duì)他人的贊揚(yáng);(4)謙虛準(zhǔn)則(Modesty Maxim):第一你,盡力縮小對(duì)自身的贊揚(yáng);第二,盡力夸大對(duì)自身的貶損;(5)贊同準(zhǔn)則(Agreement):盡力減少對(duì)他人的厭惡;第二,盡力夸大對(duì)他人的同情。
成功商務(wù)信函要符合完整(completeness),簡(jiǎn)潔(concise),清處(clarity)和禮貌(courtesy)等原則。前三條符合合作原則,最后一條則符合禮貌原則和合作原則互為益補(bǔ)??梢赃@么說(shuō),外貿(mào)函電中合作原則和禮貌原則的準(zhǔn)確把握是信函交際功能能否實(shí)現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵所在,在很大程度上決定著與客戶業(yè)務(wù)的長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展。因此,要使信息接受者心平氣和的接受消極信息,實(shí)現(xiàn)函電的交際的目的,使雙方能夠繼續(xù)保持有好的業(yè)務(wù)關(guān)系,采用合適的禮貌策略是必不可少的。
二、積極的外貿(mào)電函語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)中禮貌策略分析
積極面子是指希望得到別人的肯定和贊美。為保住對(duì)方的積極面子不受損害,說(shuō)話人有必要使用積極的語(yǔ)言來(lái)給對(duì)方積極的影向,讓對(duì)方感覺(jué)到說(shuō)話人的承認(rèn)和贊美。在商務(wù)信函中積極的禮貌表現(xiàn)主要體現(xiàn)為三種策略:贊美、避免不和與聲稱關(guān)系親近。
1、贊美
贊美策略是一種“社交催化劑”它是利用夸獎(jiǎng)、恭維話來(lái)滿足對(duì)方的求榮心里。以引起對(duì)方的注意和興趣的方式。在不同的場(chǎng)合使用恰當(dāng)?shù)馁澝勒Z(yǔ)言可以給人們的生活帶來(lái)愉快的滿足感。促使人際關(guān)系變得和諧融洽,起到潤(rùn)滑油的作用。例如:
We find both quality and prices satisfactory and are pleased to place an order with you for the following;?
(經(jīng)檢查,貴方的質(zhì)量和價(jià)格都使我方很滿意。因此,決定向貴方訂貨,具體的款項(xiàng)如下;?)
2、避免不和
避免不和在商務(wù)信函寫作中,主要表現(xiàn)為當(dāng)寫信人不同意對(duì)方的觀點(diǎn)或不愿意滿足對(duì)方的要求或請(qǐng)求時(shí),為了不造成對(duì)方的直接否定,維護(hù)對(duì)方的積極面子,在回信的時(shí)候?qū)懶湃艘苊庵苯雨愂霾煌囊庖?jiàn)。例如;We appreciate the good quality of your products.But your prices are much higher than those we have previously paid for strawboards of the same quality.Regretfully, we have decided to place the order elsewhere.(我們贊美你們的良好的產(chǎn)品,但是,貴方的報(bào)價(jià)大大高于此前所購(gòu)?fù)葍?yōu)質(zhì)產(chǎn)品的價(jià)格。很遺憾,我們不得不決定從他出訂貨。)這種寫作方式產(chǎn)用在拒絕對(duì)方發(fā)盤。其中像Regretfully 這些詞的含有否定的意思。但語(yǔ)氣很委婉。我們可以列舉一些類似的句子
Perhaps you might like to have a look at the actual goods.We might be of some service to you in a similar case.以上的也可以用will , shall , may 等詞,但是用past subjunctive from 則表示等客氣和委婉些。
3、緩和用法(Mitigation)
為了緩和過(guò)分的強(qiáng)調(diào)或刺激對(duì)方。常用:we are afraid, we would say, we might say , we(would)think, it seems(or would seem)To us, we(would)think/suggest,as you are(or;may be)aware , as we need hardly point out 等等緩和語(yǔ)氣如下所示:
A, you should make necessary amendment to the relative L/c as soon as possible.B, please make necessary amendment to the relative L/C as soon as soon possible.C, would like it be possible for you to make necessary amendment to the relative L/C as soon as possible ?
在函電的寫作中,有時(shí)我們只要稍加改變就可以突出禮貌性。
1、把命令變成請(qǐng)求的常用形式;
Please, will you?.., will you please??,如:
A, will you give us more detailed information on your requirement? B, will you compare our sample with the goods of other firms?
2、虛擬式(past subjunctive from)如:
A, would you compare our sample with the goods of other firms? b.we should ask you would let us have your reply soon.C, we with you would let us have your reply soon D, this would seem to confirm our opinion.We should be grateful if you would help us with you suggestion.三、消極的外貿(mào)函電語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)程中禮貌策略分析
外貿(mào)函電按其所傳遞信息的性質(zhì)可分為消極函電、積極函電和勸服性函電。傳遞消極信息的函電可大致分為兩類:買方拒絕買方的還盤、訂單、索賠類函電,買方向賣方申訴、索賠以及催裝類電函。語(yǔ)篇的體裁不同,交際的功能不同,不僅導(dǎo)致其語(yǔ)言風(fēng)格不同,而且導(dǎo)致其組成篇的模式有所不同。本文以拒
絕還盤信函為例分析傳遞消極信息函電語(yǔ)篇構(gòu)建過(guò)程中的禮貌策略。
Dear Sirs, We learn from your letter of May 28 that our price for the Silicon Steel Sheet is found to be on the high side.在信函的開(kāi)頭部分,寫信者放棄方式準(zhǔn)則,遵循禮貌原則中的贊同準(zhǔn)則,以緩和、中立的語(yǔ)氣客氣的指出受到對(duì)法的來(lái)函和有關(guān)的價(jià)格信息,刻意的回避在信函的最開(kāi)始部分直接拒絕對(duì)法的還盤,以最大限度地放大相互之間的一致之處,避免唐突地傳遞消極的信息,引起對(duì)方的不愉快,為下文的拒絕還盤做好了充分的準(zhǔn)備,是對(duì)方有了一定的心里準(zhǔn)備。另外,寫信者遵循關(guān)聯(lián)準(zhǔn)則,以“our price for the Silicon Steel Sheet is found to be on the high side.”言簡(jiǎn)意賅地表明該信函的目的是談?wù)摗癝ilicon Steel Sheet”的報(bào)價(jià)事宜。
在外貿(mào)函電寫作中,無(wú)論是傳遞積極的信息還是消極的信息,交易的一方再回復(fù)對(duì)方的時(shí)候總是要體現(xiàn)商務(wù)信函索要求的禮貌原則。在函電的開(kāi)頭部分,寫信人總是禮貌地提及對(duì)方的來(lái)函,以簡(jiǎn)明明了的語(yǔ)言說(shuō)明去函電目的。
While we appreciate your cooperation in giving us the information about the Japanese supply in your market ,we regret to say that there is no possibility of cutting the price to the extent you indicate, i.e.8%.For your information, we have received a crowed of inquires from buyers in other directions and expect to close business at something near our level.At present, we cannot see our way clear to entertain your counter-offer, as our price is quite realistic.本信函的目的雖然是拒絕對(duì)方的降價(jià)要求,但作者巧妙地運(yùn)用贊揚(yáng)的準(zhǔn)則和贊同的準(zhǔn)則,在第一部分以中立的語(yǔ)氣陳述對(duì)方認(rèn)為價(jià)格太高,暗示自己一方難以接受的基礎(chǔ)上,使用“we appreciate your cooperation”以感謝的口吻提到對(duì)方所提供的信息,創(chuàng)造有好的氛圍。然后略帶歉意地拒絕了對(duì)方的降價(jià)的要求。對(duì)于方式準(zhǔn)則的缺失,書信的作者采用了禮貌原則中策略準(zhǔn)則進(jìn)彌補(bǔ),使用regret來(lái)表示作者的對(duì)傳遞消極信息(拒絕還盤)的遺憾之情,為對(duì)方接受消極信息設(shè)置良好的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境,消除對(duì)方的不愉快的心情和情緒。
表明看起來(lái),使用”there is no possibility of cutting the price ”拒絕對(duì)方的降價(jià)要求違背了方式準(zhǔn)則,但是寫信者運(yùn)用連量的準(zhǔn)則和質(zhì)的準(zhǔn)則,使用“a crowed of inquires ”來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)物質(zhì)的暢銷,清楚地 說(shuō)明了拒絕對(duì)方降價(jià)的具體、真實(shí)原因。雖然這然的解釋方法在一定程度上違背了謙虛準(zhǔn)則,安東尼避免了一味的表示禮貌而過(guò)分的使用前輩的嚴(yán)策降低了自己的地位,并且是對(duì)方感覺(jué)到雙方的談判建立在相互 信任、平等的基礎(chǔ)上,是拒絕還盤顯得更加有禮有節(jié)。
If later on you see any chance to do better, please let us know.In the meantime, please keep us posted of developments at your end.在前一段說(shuō)明拒絕對(duì)方原因基礎(chǔ)上,寫信者運(yùn)用贊同準(zhǔn)則表明對(duì)該筆業(yè)務(wù)非常關(guān)注,期望知道對(duì)方的任何進(jìn)展,表達(dá)了雙方的利益息息相關(guān),盡力縮小自己與對(duì)方的差距和分歧,對(duì)曉之以理,動(dòng)之以情,側(cè)重以對(duì)方的利益來(lái)勸說(shuō)其接受報(bào)盤。另一方面進(jìn)一步解釋拒絕接受還盤的原因,更重要的是達(dá)到說(shuō)服對(duì)方收回要求降價(jià)的要求。
一般的拒絕還盤信函都會(huì)具體的反應(yīng)對(duì)方的考慮,例如適當(dāng)降價(jià)、改變支付的方式,交貨時(shí)間等等,該信函卻禮貌而又完全地拒絕了對(duì)方還盤。表明上
看起來(lái)雙方的談判告一段落,事實(shí)上寫信者運(yùn)用策略準(zhǔn)則,通過(guò)上部分的“expect to close business at something near our level” 和本部分的”if later on you see any chance to do better , please let us know”精心地使用語(yǔ)言技巧為以后的談判留下充分的空間,體現(xiàn)了寫信者對(duì)市場(chǎng)的把握程度和禮貌原則的熟練使用.We assure you that all your inquiries will receive our prompt attention.在結(jié)尾部分,寫信者運(yùn)用謙虛準(zhǔn)則和贊揚(yáng)準(zhǔn)則,在自己的利益不受到損害的情況下,從情感上給以對(duì)方有好處的安慰,使得話語(yǔ)的旋回余地大大增加,表達(dá)保持業(yè)務(wù)關(guān)系的誠(chéng)意。
對(duì)謝外貿(mào)電函的建議和忠告:
由于消極信息函電主要傳遞的是拒絕、指責(zé)和威脅等等本質(zhì)上不禮貌的信息,這些信息會(huì)使用貿(mào)易雙方陷入尷尬的處境之中的,因此,在撰寫消極信息函電的過(guò)程中,應(yīng)采用積極的禮貌策略,既要遵守和合作原則又要處于禮貌的需要后其他原因而故意違反合作原則,從而體現(xiàn)語(yǔ)言的語(yǔ)篇功能和交際功能。在構(gòu)建消極的信息外貿(mào)電函的語(yǔ)篇過(guò)程當(dāng)中,為了避免過(guò)于直爽對(duì)對(duì)方造成傷害,寫信者在電函的開(kāi)始部分總是要吃積極的角度著手,采用緩和的語(yǔ)氣陳述消極信息,給對(duì)方心里結(jié)束做好充分的準(zhǔn)備,然后在傳遞消極信息并作出客觀的、令人信服的解釋,用事實(shí)說(shuō)明不能滿足對(duì)方要求的確不得已而為之,博得對(duì)方傳遞消極信息的理解,并提出切實(shí)可行的補(bǔ)救措施,最后有好的態(tài)度和客氣的結(jié)束語(yǔ)進(jìn)一步降低消極信息對(duì)業(yè)務(wù)和業(yè)務(wù)關(guān)系的不良影響。
結(jié)束語(yǔ):
隨著全球貿(mào)易一體化的推進(jìn),外貿(mào)電函在其中起著重要的作用。同時(shí),禮貌原則在外貿(mào)電函中起到十分重要的作用,它能營(yíng)造一種尊重對(duì)方,尋求合作的氣氛,從而促進(jìn)雙方的貿(mào)易往來(lái)。因其,在進(jìn)行外貿(mào)函電的寫作的時(shí)候要注意原則的應(yīng)用。使其中為促進(jìn)貿(mào)易服務(wù)。
姓名:吳建達(dá) 班級(jí):國(guó)貿(mào)111 學(xué)號(hào):11111003
第二篇:外貿(mào)函電
Dear Miss Han, We are glad to learn from your letter that you have decided to place a large order for the item of alarm o’clock.As you know, with superior quality, our products enjoy growing favor in the world market.We hope that you will direct your attention to superior quality of our product, which we think in much more important.However, Much as we would like to establish business relationship with you, the best we can do is to reduce the original price by 1%.As you stated in your order that this order is in urgent need, shipment could be made in June subject to the L/C reaching us no later than 18 th of June.We look forward to your early reply and hope to establish business relationship with you in the near future.Yours sincerely, Zhou Liangyi Sales manager
第三篇:外貿(mào)函電
Dear Sirs,We would like to order with your company for 1,200 cartons of Jade Rabbit brand Essential Balm.We want the cartons marked clearly with the name, the words 'fragile' and numbered 1-1200.we hope you will be able to ensure the quality of the product/
we willmake payment by L/C at sight and would like delivery by the end of next month.with regard to shipment, please e-maildirect to us and let us have a copy of the commercial invoice when it is made up.Yours faithfully.Dear Sirs,Thank you for your enquiry ,and we appreciate very much you interest in our product.As requested, we take pleasure in makig you a firm offer as follows, subject to your reply reaching here on or before June.Commodity: ‘Jade Rabbit’ brand radiosPrice: US $ 40 per, CIF LondonCommissions: 3%Shipments: JunePayment: by draft at sight for the full invoice value to be opened 30 days before the date of shipment.Please note that we have quoted our most favorable price and we can not see our way clear to entertain any counter offer.Hope for early reply
Yours sincerely,***
Dear Sirs,Your company has been kindly introduced to us by the National Bank of Bangladesh.We have been in the line of Light Industrial Products.We are willing to enter into business relations with you.To give you a general idea of our products, we enclose a complete set of leaflets showing various products being handled y this cooperation with detailed specifications and means of packing.Quotation and samples will be sent upon receipt of your specific enquiries.Our competitive prices, superior quality and efficiency have won confidence and goodwill among our business clients.We are writing to you in the hope that we can open up business relations with your firm.We shall be grateful if you will reply an early date.Yours faithfully,***
第四篇:外貿(mào)函電
外貿(mào)函電--期末資料
開(kāi)立信用證另函 品牌
溢短裝條款 以…為受益人 目的港 分批裝運(yùn) 承運(yùn)人 投保 向…索賠 Brochure
Be lined with mental plate Price listDiscountG.M.Q.InsurantF.P.A.A confirmed L/C TransshipmentStraight B/L
Credit inquiryCounter-offer
Sales confirmation Shipping instruction Inner packing 封內(nèi)地址 形式發(fā)票 跟單信用證電匯 付款交單
Open / establish letters of credit(L/C)EnclosedBrand
Terms more or less In one’s favor Port of destination Partial shipment The carrier Insure / cover
File a claim against...小冊(cè)子
用金屬板內(nèi)襯
價(jià)格列表 / 價(jià)格單 折扣
上好可銷品質(zhì)(不懂詳見(jiàn)度娘)被保險(xiǎn)人平安險(xiǎn) 保兌信用證 轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn) 記名提單
信用查詢 還價(jià)
銷售確認(rèn)書 運(yùn)費(fèi)說(shuō)明 內(nèi)包裝
Inside address Proforma Invoice Documentary Credits
Telegraphic transfer Against payment
With reference to your order of July 6 for musical instruments, we wish to inform you that the goods are in production and will be ready for shipment by the end of October.根據(jù)你7月6日的樂(lè)器訂單,我們想告訴你,產(chǎn)品正在生產(chǎn),并在十月底準(zhǔn)備裝運(yùn)。
We have duty sighed our sales confirmation and return one copy to you for your file as requested.Meanwhile, we have opened the relevant L/C and it will reach you very soon.我們有責(zé)任審核銷售確認(rèn)書,并退還一份文件給你。同時(shí),我們已經(jīng)開(kāi)立了有關(guān)信用證,您應(yīng)該很快就能收到了。
Please extend the date of shipment and the validity of your L/C No.CHW118 to July 15 and Aug.2 respectively and arrange the amendment advice to reach us by June 15.請(qǐng)將裝運(yùn)日期以及你標(biāo)號(hào)CHW118的信用證的有效性延長(zhǎng)至7月15日和8月2日,并于6月15日聯(lián)系我們,分別安排修訂意見(jiàn)。
When packing, please take into account that the boxes are likely to receive rough handling at this end and must be able to withstand transportation over very bad roads.包裝時(shí),請(qǐng)考慮到盒子很可能在運(yùn)輸環(huán)節(jié)末端承受硬力,并且必須能夠承受很差的運(yùn)輸路況。
An insurance claim should be submitted to the insurance company or its agent as promptly as possible so as to provider the insurance company or its agent with ample time to pursue recovery from the relative party at fault.保險(xiǎn)索賠申請(qǐng)應(yīng)盡可能迅速的提交給保險(xiǎn)公司或其代理人,以提供保險(xiǎn)公司充足的時(shí)間,針對(duì)存在相對(duì)過(guò)錯(cuò)的一方,尋求代理賠償。
很遺憾由于價(jià)格原因無(wú)法達(dá)成交易,但是我方希望向您推薦一款規(guī)格較為便宜的產(chǎn)品。Unfortunately, due to price reasons,we can not make the deal, but we would like to recommend a cheaper product specification for you.該協(xié)議證明了我們一致同意終止雙方2006年6月1日簽訂的合同,且雙方均不對(duì)此提出任何法律申訴。
The agreement proves that we agreed to terminate the contract signed by both parties on June 1, 2006, and both sides are not making any of this legal complaint.租賃條件可以同上述兩家公司相同。該開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)不允許有污染,請(qǐng)?jiān)诳尚行匝芯繄?bào)告中加以說(shuō)明。
Leasing conditions can be the same with these two companies.The zone does not allow contaminated, please to describe it in the feasibility study report.化學(xué)泡沫是包裝領(lǐng)域的一種新方式,隨函附上關(guān)于其運(yùn)用可能性的目錄。
Chemical foam is a new way of packaging, and enclosing on its use of the possibility of the directory.請(qǐng)注意上述商品在9月16日前發(fā)貨,并按發(fā)票面額130%投保。根據(jù)貴方一貫做法,我們知道您只按110%投保,因此,額外部分將由我方承擔(dān)。
Please note that the above-mentioned goods shipped before September 16, referring to the invoice face value of 130% insured.According to the party practice, we know that you are always only insured at 110%, so an additional portion will be borne by us.We wish to introduce ourselves to you as a state-run import and export corporation dealing in light industrial products.作為一個(gè)主營(yíng)輕工業(yè)產(chǎn)品的國(guó)營(yíng)進(jìn)出口公司,我很希望向您介紹自己。
The above order is urgently needed.We, therefore, request you to forward it by air freight.以上的訂單是迫切需要的。因此,我們要求你用空郵方式。
We can meet your requirements to have the goods packed in wooden cases but you have to bear the extra packing charge.我們能滿足你的要求用木箱包裝貨物,但你必須承擔(dān)額外的包裝費(fèi)用。
Owing to heavy commandments, we are not in a position to accept new orders.However, as soon as fresh supplies come in, we’ll immediately contact you with fax.鑒于認(rèn)真審單,我們沒(méi)有能力接受新訂單。但是,一旦有新貨進(jìn)來(lái),我們將立即用傳真與您聯(lián)系。
Our underwriter has surveyors and agents in practically all the big cities in the world to handle claims.Should any damage occur to the goods a claim may be filed with the insurance agent at your end with the necessary documents?
我們的承銷商和代理商在世界上幾乎所有的大城市中都參與過(guò)索賠處理。如有任何損壞發(fā)生而產(chǎn)生的索賠,可以提交相關(guān)文案給保險(xiǎn)代理人么?
目前花生市場(chǎng)見(jiàn)疲,除非貴公司能降價(jià)5%,否則我們無(wú)法達(dá)成交易。
Seeing the current peanut market weakness, unless your company can cut prices by 5%, otherwise,we can not reach a deal.我們已經(jīng)注意到了貴公司降價(jià)的要求,不過(guò),我們想,如果貴公司能夠?qū)⒂嗁?gòu)的數(shù)量增加到6000件的話,我們將會(huì)給貴公司5%的折扣。請(qǐng)注意,這是我們最大限度的讓步,希望貴公司接受。
We have noticed that the price of the company's requirements, but we think that if your company can increase the ordered quantity to 6000, we will give your company a 5% discount.Please note that this is the best of our concessions, and wishing you to accept it.請(qǐng)將信用證的裝運(yùn)期和有效期分別延展至10月15日和10月31日,不勝感激。
Please crediting the shipment and validity are extended to October 15 and October 31, greatly appreciated.如果你方能替我方為貨物按發(fā)票金額的110%投保一切險(xiǎn),我們將非常高興。
If you order the goods for us against all risks for 110% of the invoice amount, we will be very happy.我們最少需要500千克。如果質(zhì)量上乘,我們最多可接受800千克。
We need at least 500 kg.If the quality is goog, we will accept up to 800 kg.Dear Sirs,Insurance
We thank for your letter of May 10, quoting us 100 metric tons of wool on CIF terms.We regret, however, that we prefer to have your quotations and/or offers on CFR terms.尊敬的先生們,保險(xiǎn)
我們感謝您5月10日的來(lái)信,提出我們的羊毛指導(dǎo)到岸價(jià)共100噸按CIF條款計(jì)算。但是,我們感到很遺憾,我們希望你的報(bào)價(jià)單按CFR條款提供指導(dǎo)價(jià)。
For your information, we have taken out an open policy with the Bloyd insurance company, London.All we have to do when a shipment is made is to advise them of the particulars.Furthermore, we are on very good terms with them.We usually receive from our underwriters quite a handsome premium rebate at regular intervals.至于你的信息,我們已經(jīng)向倫敦的Bloyd保險(xiǎn)公司進(jìn)行了報(bào)備。我們所需要做的,就是告知對(duì)方商品詳情。此外,我們與對(duì)方擁有長(zhǎng)期的合作伙伴關(guān)系。我們通常定期從承銷商那里獲得相當(dāng)可觀的保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)回扣。
In the meantime, we should be obliged if you could supply us with full details regarding the scope of cover handled by the people’s insurance company of china for our references.在此期間,我們將不勝感激,如果你能充分提供商品詳情,我們就能讓中國(guó)人民保險(xiǎn)公司為你辦理相關(guān)業(yè)務(wù)。
We look forward to hearing from you at an early date.我們期待您的早日回復(fù)。
Yours,Faithfully
此致,你忠實(shí)的XXX… …
第五篇:外貿(mào)函電
外貿(mào)函電 課程設(shè)計(jì)報(bào)告08110811 葉允嘉 0811081140
外貿(mào)函電課程設(shè)計(jì)報(bào)告
一、課程設(shè)計(jì)目的通過(guò)外貿(mào)函電實(shí)踐性的模擬練習(xí),加深對(duì)外貿(mào)函電理論的理解和運(yùn)用。了解并熟悉外貿(mào)進(jìn)出口的關(guān)鍵步驟,如建立業(yè)務(wù)關(guān)系、詢盤、報(bào)盤、還盤、成交、裝運(yùn)等的模擬,以在今后的實(shí)際應(yīng)用中熟練使用函電的寫作技巧和繕制合同、信用證、匯票、裝箱單、提單等單據(jù)。
二、課程設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容
1.課程設(shè)計(jì)的總體方案布置:根據(jù)背景資料擬寫建交信并進(jìn)行進(jìn)出口報(bào)價(jià)核算。
2.根據(jù)客戶發(fā)來(lái)的傳真及商品資料發(fā)盤并進(jìn)行綜合報(bào)價(jià)還價(jià)核算。
3.擬寫還盤函,根據(jù)背景資料和往來(lái)函電實(shí)例繕制銷售確認(rèn)書。
4.根據(jù)合同審核信用證并寫一份改證函了解裝船通知。
5.根據(jù)信用證及所提供的資料編制匯票、發(fā)票、裝箱單、重量尺碼單位作為銀行議付單據(jù)的一部分。
三、課程設(shè)計(jì)要求
1.掌握建立交易信函的操作技能。
2.掌握出口價(jià)格核算的要點(diǎn)。
3.掌握出口還價(jià)核算的要點(diǎn)。
4.掌握繕制合同的要點(diǎn)。
5.掌握信用證要點(diǎn),掌握繕制改證函的要點(diǎn)。
6.掌握單據(jù)的填制。
四、課程設(shè)計(jì)中遇到的難題以及解決辦法
課程設(shè)計(jì)中最大的難點(diǎn)莫過(guò)于進(jìn)出口合同的訂立和填寫各種單據(jù)。
平時(shí)有擬寫中文合同的經(jīng)驗(yàn),一般都是要根據(jù)一些模板在根據(jù)實(shí)際情況改動(dòng)條款。而一份合同的關(guān)鍵在于措辭的嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)與高明。在擬寫英語(yǔ)進(jìn)出口合同時(shí),一開(kāi)始有一種無(wú)從下手的感覺(jué),但是參考指導(dǎo)書后面章節(jié)合同寫法,經(jīng)過(guò)前后比對(duì),終于完成了合同的編寫。
各種單據(jù)上的表述和信用證上的表述有差異,這是使填寫各種單據(jù)成為難點(diǎn)的主要原因,另外信用證各種信息分散較廣,也給單據(jù)填寫增加了難度。不過(guò),將發(fā)票填完時(shí),后面的幾封單據(jù)就變得容易了很多。不過(guò)有些信息,還是很難在信用證里找出。各種單據(jù)填寫時(shí),有很多時(shí)候要用到大寫,我就差點(diǎn)把日期寫成一般的寫法,后來(lái)還是發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題,改正了出來(lái)。
五、體會(huì)
在寫外貿(mào)函電的時(shí)候就需要額外的注意很多細(xì)節(jié),概括起來(lái),遵循5個(gè)C原則。
Completeness——一封商業(yè)信函應(yīng)概況了各項(xiàng)必需的事項(xiàng),如邀請(qǐng)信應(yīng)說(shuō)明時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)等,確忌寄出含糊不清的信件。
Consideration——寫信時(shí)要處處從對(duì)方的角度去考慮有什么需求,而不是從自身出發(fā),語(yǔ)氣上更尊重對(duì)方。
Courtesy——語(yǔ)言要有禮且謙虛,及時(shí)地回信也是禮貌的表現(xiàn)。Conciseness——避免廢話連篇、避免不必要的重復(fù)、多進(jìn)行短句、單詞的運(yùn)用。
Clarity——意思表達(dá)明確,要注意:避免用詞錯(cuò)誤、注意詞語(yǔ)所放的位置、注意句子的結(jié)構(gòu)。
《外貿(mào)函電》是一門模仿性、實(shí)踐性、操作性都很強(qiáng)的課程,不通過(guò)練習(xí)實(shí)踐,很難加深認(rèn)識(shí),鞏固所學(xué)知識(shí)。只有進(jìn)行大量的有針對(duì)性的反復(fù)操練,尤其是外貿(mào)業(yè)務(wù)各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)設(shè)計(jì)特定情景進(jìn)行反復(fù)操作,進(jìn)行各種類型的練習(xí),我們才能熟練掌握運(yùn)用外貿(mào)業(yè)務(wù)這些常用的句型、詞匯和短語(yǔ)以達(dá)到能夠正確翻譯并能擬寫同類信函的目的。通過(guò)這次學(xué)習(xí),我對(duì)外貿(mào)函電的各種相關(guān)信函和單據(jù)有了一個(gè)更加深入的了解,也對(duì)其熟練度大有提升,經(jīng)過(guò)這次實(shí)訓(xùn),使我們專業(yè)技能得到一個(gè)很好強(qiáng)化的訓(xùn)練機(jī)會(huì),使我們?cè)诮窈蟮膶?shí)踐中更加得心應(yīng)手。