第一篇：2018年春季《大學(xué)英語(一)高起?！菲谀┛己耍ū菊就扑]）

期末作業(yè)考核 《大學(xué)英語

（一）》高起專

滿分：100分

一、Vocabulary and Structure(每題2分，共50分)Section A Directions: In this section there are 15 incomplete sentences.For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence, Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.1.Courses are not ___A _ merely for students to pass exams.A.designed B.designing C.design D.designs 2.Please ___A _those details that you would like to change.A.select B.selection C.selecting D.selects 3.There are six people present at the meeting, __ B __ three women.A.include B.including C.included D.includes 4.He __B ___ told her that he worked for the corporation.A.simple B.simply C.simplify D.simplely 5.They accept what is happening without ___A_ _ to change it.A.attempting B.attempted C.attempt D.attempts 6.He was a great _ C___;he composed many great songs.A.art B.artistic C.artist D.arts 7.Sandy did not want her parents to learn __D__ the news of her failure in the exam.A.in B.for C.on D.about 8.I was surprised to find out that I was heavily __B__ debt.A.on B.in C.to D.up 9.Out classroom is selected ___C___ the place for meeting.A.for B.in C.as D.on 10.Their innovation products caught __C___ quickly.A.with B.up C.on D.in 11.Can you believe that John keeps a snake __A___ a pet? A.as B.in C.for D.against 12.The word comes __C___ an African language.A.up B.down C.from D.out 13.She hangs ___A__ all here clothes neatly in the wardrobe.A.up B.out C.in D.on 14.The child has no understanding of problems, according __D__ the doctor.A.for B.in C.on D.to 15.Americans ___B__ millions of Christmas cards every year.A.change B.exchange C.attempt D.determine

Section B

Direction: There are 10 blanks in the following passage.For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.You should choose the One answer that best completes the passage.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.In the past, American families 16（A）to be quite large.Parents 17(B)five or more were common.Over the years, the 18(C)of the family has decreased.One reason for this is an increase in the 19(D)of living 20(A)the average, children attend schools for more years than they used to, making them 21(B)dependent on their families longer.Moreover, children nowadays are better 22(D)and have more money to spend on 23(D).The parents usually take the responsibility 24(D)all the expense.Meanwhile, families are less close than they used to be.More and more American mothers 25(C)away from home.16.A.tended 17.A.breeding 19.A.level B.wanted

C.seemed D.extended C.size D.scale B.raising C.feeding D.bringing B.standard C.wage D.cost 18.A.amount B.number

20.A.On B.By C.At D.From 21.A.finally B.financially C.fashionably D.faintly 22.A.worn B.wearing C.dressing D.dressed 23.A.luxury B.activity C.playing D.entertainment 24.A.at B.to C.on D.for 25.A.are B.run C.work D.separate

二、Writing（共50 分）

根據(jù)所給主題句，完成下列作文。TV’s Influence On Our Daily Life 1）TV not only presents us a wonderful world, but also brings some changes to our daily life.2)It is true that TV has the value of giving complete relaxation 3）Now we can see that TV has caused enormous problems along with its benefits.TV’s Influence On Our Daily Life TV is now the family is a very common household appliances,is very important for everyone.TV was born in 1939,was formally popular in the early 1950s.Since then,countless children grew up,accompanied by television,modern society,television is of special significance.Now the TV is already highly developed,again unlike the usual black and white screen,very few programs.TV a higher technological content,the emergence of flat-panel TV,digital TV,LCD TV and many other high-tech products to provide a better enjoyment and visual effects;At the same time,more and more TV programs,the amount of information is also greater variety shows,news programs,sports programs and other rich people's home life,there are large tracts of television advertising,to provide more information to people face to know the world through television.TV has the advantage of three-dimensional,real,large amount of information,but more and more parents have begun to restrict or prohibit the children watch TV.TV is the same pros and cons like everything,it enriches people's lives,bringing joy to the sick,the elderly,there is no television,there is no part of the color of life,deprived of some people to change,the lack of an understanding of the window to the world.Unfortunately,information on some of television on young people is extremely harmful.Children did not have enough experience,often fail to recognize that television programs do not show a real world,they will believe that the use of a product to make them super-powers,they would argue that the murder case of TV is a normal phenomenon,is acceptable.According to the survey,the majority of people graduating from high school have seen approximately 15,000 hours of television witnessed about 18,000 people died in violence,if they see every day people died violent deaths tragic,real-life murder in their eyes where it will be commonplace,this is the modern young people of the world for one of the reasons for interpersonal indifference.Another survey showed that television is leading to youth writing,one of the reasons for the decline of expressive power.Had a primary school essay caused a huge discussion in a primary school of less than 600 words composition,even more than forty “dead”,such as “heat death” suffocate “the reasons behind actually It is the student television,computers and other frequently used and accepted the so-called ”buzzwords",written reading seriously lead to a lack of vocabulary when writing.Today's children are keen to read is very little TV this dynamic information transfer information more attractive way than the black and white,so the children are more willing to watch TV and not willing to read books.As everyone knows,the precipitation is generated by reading books to improve the writing is an important factor.TV is indeed the real change our lives and our society,it brings a range of benefits,it also brings a series of questions.We must find solutions to these problems,because whether we like the TV have been rooted in our lives,watching TV has become the fashion.

第二篇：2018年春季《大學(xué)英語(一)高起?！菲谀┛己?/a>

期末作業(yè)考核 《大學(xué)英語

（一）》高起專

滿分：100分

一、Vocabulary and Structure(每題2分，共50分)Section A Directions: In this section there are 15 incomplete sentences.For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence, Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.1.Courses are not __A _ merely for students to pass exams.A.designed B.designing C.design D.designs 2.Please __A _those details that you would like to change.A.select B.selection C.selecting D.selects 3.There are six people present at the meeting, __ B __ three women.A.include B.including C.included D.includes 4.He __B ___ told her that he worked for the corporation.A.simple B.simply C.simplify D.simplely 5.They accept what is happening without __A_ _ to change it.A.attempting B.attempted C.attempt D.attempts 6.He was a great _ C___;he composed many great songs.A.art B.artistic C.artist D.arts 7.Sandy did not want her parents to learn _D__ the news of her failure in the exam.A.in B.for C.on D.about 8.I was surprised to find out that I was heavily __A__ debt.A.on B.in C.to D.up 9.Out classroom is selected __C___ the place for meeting.A.for B.in C.as D.on 10.Their innovation products caught __B__ quickly.A.with B.up C.on D.in 11.Can you believe that John keeps a snake __A__ a pet? A.as B.in C.for D.against 12.The word comes __C__ an African language.A.up B.down C.from D.out 13.She hangs __B___ all here clothes neatly in the wardrobe.A.up B.out C.in D.on 14.The child has no understanding of problems, according __D__ the doctor.A.for B.in C.on D.to 15.Americans __B___ millions of Christmas cards every year.A.change B.exchange C.attempt D.determine

Section B

Direction: There are 10 blanks in the following passage.For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.You should choose the One answer that best completes the passage.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.In the past, American families 16 to be quite large.Parents 17 five or more were common.Over the years, the 18 of the family has decreased.One reason for this is an increase in the 19 of living 20 the average, children attend schools for more years than they used to, making them 21 dependent on their families longer.Moreover, children nowadays are better 22 and have more money to spend on 23.The parents usually take the responsibility 24 all the expense.Meanwhile, families are less close than they used to be.More and more American mothers 25 away from home.16.A.tended 17.A.breeding 19.A.level B.wanted

C.seemed D.extended C.size D.scale B.raising C.feeding D.bringing B.standard C.wage D.cost 18.A.amount B.number

20.A.On B.By C.At D.From 21.A.finally B.financially C.fashionably D.faintly 22.A.worn B.wearing C.dressing D.dressed 23.A.luxury B.activity C.playing D.entertainment 24.A.at B.to C.on D.for 25.A.are B.run C.work D.separate 答：16.A.tended

17．B.raising 18．C.size 19．D.cost 20．A.On

21．B.financially 22．D.dressed 23．D.entertainment 24．D.for 25．C.work

二、Writing（共50 分）

根據(jù)所給主題句，完成下列作文。TV’s Influence On Our Daily Life 1）TV not only presents us a wonderful world, but also brings some changes to our daily life.2)It is true that TV has the value of giving complete relaxation 3）Now we can see that TV has caused enormous problems along with its benefits.答： 第一篇

New Zealand is a South Pacific country,which is the midway between the Equator and the South Pole.It is 1000 miles southeast of Australia.It has an area of 103,000 square miles,similar in size to Britain,Italy,or Japan.There are two main islands,the North and the South Island,with a population of more than 3 million.It is primarily European and Polynesian origin,with more than three-quarters live in towns and ities.The principal language is English.People here have a good living standard.Over 70 percent of homes has color TV,one car for one in two people.Housing is of a high standard,71 percent of which owned by their occupiers.第二篇

The Importance of Learning a Foreign Language Foreign language is a required course both in middle school and college.It is because English is the most widely used language in the world.If we learn English well,we can do a lot of things by using English.And China is an open country.We can communicate with foreigners in English to make a good understanding.Learning a foreign language can make us know the world better.If we only know one language,we just know the things in the language.If we master a foreign language,we can make our sight wider and know and understand what people in other countries do.Now,we may draw a conclusion,that is,it is really important for us to learn a foreign language.Let's study hard to make it better.第三篇

TV’s Influence On Our Daily Life

TV not only presents us a wonderful world,but also brings some changes to our daily life.We would like to stay at home to get news from TV rather than go out.We used to watch TV after supper until sleep.We spend much time on TV.It is true that TV has the value of giving complete relaxation.We could experience laugh and cry by watch different programs.We could enjoy the wonderful sports by TV.We could understand another world of ant that we didn't notice before.Now we can see that TV has caused enormous problems along with its benefits.After shutting down the TV,we come back to the reality again,no willing to talk with others sometimes,no willing to go out with friends.Thus we become lonely.On the other aspects,we waste much time on TV that we can't do things well.That tell us we should enjoy the TV while avoiding its problems.

第三篇：2018年春季《教育學(xué)(高起專)》期末考核

期末作業(yè)考核

《教育學(xué)》

滿分100分

一、判斷并說明理由（每題1分，共10分）

1、（?）教育的對象是人，但教育的出發(fā)點(diǎn)則是社會(huì)。

理由：教育的對象是人，這是對的。但說教育的出發(fā)點(diǎn)也是人則是不對的。教育應(yīng)該從社會(huì)和個(gè)人的共同需要出發(fā)。

2、（?）教師的勞動(dòng)具有很強(qiáng)的創(chuàng)造性。

3、（?）學(xué)生在教育教學(xué)過程中起著主導(dǎo)性作用。

理由：學(xué)生在教育教學(xué)過程中起著主導(dǎo)性作用。教師在教育教學(xué)過程中起著主導(dǎo)性作用。

4、（?）人的遺傳素質(zhì)具有一定的差異性和可塑性。

5、（?）人的本質(zhì)是一切現(xiàn)實(shí)社會(huì)關(guān)系的總和。

6、（?）上課是教學(xué)工作的中心環(huán)節(jié)。

7、（?）“班級授課制”不利于因材施教，必須取消。

理由： 班級授課制又叫班級教學(xué)或課堂教學(xué)，是把學(xué)生按年齡和程度編成固定人數(shù)的班級，教師按教學(xué)計(jì)劃 統(tǒng)一規(guī)定的內(nèi)容和教學(xué)時(shí)數(shù)，依學(xué)校課程表進(jìn)行教學(xué)的教學(xué)組織形式。

8、（?）校長負(fù)責(zé)制的核心是校長全面負(fù)責(zé)。

9、（?）德育是由思想品德課來完成的。

理由： 每個(gè)學(xué)科都可以滲透德育，如歷史可以行愛國主義教育，美術(shù)可以進(jìn)行傳統(tǒng)文化教育

10、（?）教育是“人類社會(huì)的遺傳基因”，對社會(huì)發(fā)展具有重要促進(jìn)作用。

二、簡答題（每題10分，共20分）

1、如何認(rèn)識我國當(dāng)前基礎(chǔ)教育課程改革的目標(biāo)及基本走向？ 答：目標(biāo)：

（1）實(shí)現(xiàn)課程功能的轉(zhuǎn)變。

（2）體現(xiàn)課程結(jié)構(gòu)的均衡性、綜合性和選擇性。

（3）密切課程內(nèi)容與生活和時(shí)代的聯(lián)系。

（4）改善學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)方式。

（5）建立與素質(zhì)教育理念相一致 的評價(jià)與考試制度。（6）實(shí)行三級課程管理制度。

基本走向：

（1）課程改革轉(zhuǎn)向以學(xué)生發(fā)展為 本的方向。

（2）強(qiáng)化基礎(chǔ)學(xué)科和學(xué)科基礎(chǔ)知識的趨勢。

（3）加強(qiáng)道德教育和人文教育的傾向。

（4）課程綜合化的趨勢和問題。

（5）課程生活化、社會(huì)化、實(shí)用化的趨勢。

（6）課程個(gè)性化和多樣化 的趨勢。（7）課程與現(xiàn)代信息技術(shù)結(jié)合發(fā)展的趨勢

2、學(xué)生為什么必須要接受教育？

答：學(xué)生接受教育首先是社會(huì)需要和個(gè)體需要的統(tǒng)一；

社會(huì)需要其未來社會(huì)成員都是理想的能適應(yīng)社會(huì)未來發(fā)展的需要，個(gè)人也需要適應(yīng)社會(huì)從而在社會(huì)中獲得理想的發(fā)展；

學(xué)生是未完成的社會(huì)人，具 有極大的可塑性。

三、辨析題（每題10分，共20分）

1、教育要培養(yǎng)人的世界視野，但不是培養(yǎng)“世界公民”。

答：正確。在全球化的背景下，地球村的時(shí)代，教育培養(yǎng)人必須要具有國際的視野，這是社會(huì)發(fā)展對 人的必然要求。但在今天的時(shí)代里，還存在國與國的競爭和差別，還存在階級和利益的沖突。教育還 必須主要為本民族和本階級服務(wù)。倡導(dǎo)培養(yǎng)“世界公民”是不正確的。

2、教育是人類社會(huì)特有的實(shí)踐活動(dòng)，人只有通過教育，才能成為人。

答：正確。人類認(rèn)識世界、改造世界的武器是科學(xué)，人類繼承和掌握科學(xué)的最基本方式是教育。人區(qū) 別于動(dòng)物的本質(zhì)是——思考的能力和勞動(dòng)的能力，而提升這兩種能力的是生產(chǎn)力水平、是科學(xué)。如果 人類放棄教育，將一步倒退到原始社會(huì)的生產(chǎn)力水平，從人的本質(zhì)角度講，就是想低級動(dòng)物的倒退。所以，從人的本質(zhì)角度講，教育是人類社會(huì)特有的實(shí)踐活動(dòng) 人只有通過教育 才能成為人。

四、論述（每題10分，共20分）

1、論教育在人的發(fā)展中的主導(dǎo)作用及其實(shí)現(xiàn)條件。

答：從廣義上說，教育是環(huán)境的一部分，是一種經(jīng)過有目的地選擇和提煉的特殊環(huán)境，這就決定 了它的特殊地位，即在人的身心發(fā)展中起主導(dǎo)作用。這是因?yàn)椋旱谝唬逃?，特別是學(xué)校教育，具有明確的目的性和方向性，是專門培養(yǎng)人的活動(dòng)。它能根據(jù)一定的社會(huì)的政治經(jīng)濟(jì)和生產(chǎn)力發(fā) 展的需要，按照一定的方向，選擇適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容，采取有效的方法，利用集中的時(shí)間，對人進(jìn)行全 面的教育和訓(xùn)練，使人獲得比較系統(tǒng)的知識和技能，形成一定的世界觀和道德品質(zhì)。第二，教育 具有較強(qiáng)的計(jì)劃性和系統(tǒng)性。學(xué)校教育是在各種規(guī)章制度的嚴(yán)格制約下進(jìn)行的，它保證了教育、教學(xué)的良好的秩序，把人的發(fā)展所需要的一切時(shí)間和空間全部地投入到可控的程序之內(nèi)，使教育、教學(xué)得以順利地進(jìn)行。同時(shí)，學(xué)校教育又具有系統(tǒng)的學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容，這些內(nèi)容既考慮了社會(huì)發(fā)展對 人才規(guī)格的需要，又考慮了知識的邏輯順序、學(xué)生的年齡特點(diǎn)和接受能力。這樣就保證了人才培 養(yǎng)的高效率和高質(zhì)量。第三。學(xué)校教育具有高度的組織性，學(xué)校教育是通過專門的教育機(jī)關(guān)―― 學(xué)校進(jìn)行的。學(xué)校是按照一定的教育目的組織起來的，它是比較完整的組織機(jī)構(gòu)，又有經(jīng)過教育 和訓(xùn)練的專職教育工作者。因而，它對人身心發(fā)展的作用，比其他任何影響人的條件都要有效。第四，教育可以根據(jù)個(gè)體的遺傳素質(zhì)，有意識地發(fā)揮其長處，彌補(bǔ)其不足，使先天的遺傳素質(zhì)向 有利于身心成長的方面發(fā)展。教師通過有意識地鼓勵(lì)神經(jīng)類型弱、反應(yīng)遲緩、膽怯、積極主動(dòng)性 差的學(xué)生參加集體活動(dòng)，經(jīng)常回答提問，來培養(yǎng)他們的自信心和積極性，使他們逐漸變得活潑、主動(dòng)。第五，教育能對各種環(huán)境加以一定的控制和利用。它能按照預(yù)定的目的選擇和提煉有利于 人的身心發(fā)展的因素，克服和排除那些不利于人的發(fā)展的因素。學(xué)?？梢园褜W(xué)生組織起來開展有 教育意義的集體活動(dòng)，以使他們免受不良環(huán)境的影響?？梢?，教育在人的身心發(fā)展中起著十分 重要的主導(dǎo)作用。正因如此，有人提出了“教育萬能論”的觀點(diǎn)，認(rèn)為人的發(fā)展完全是由教育決定 的。17 世紀(jì)英國教育思想家洛克、18 世紀(jì)德國的思想家康德就是最典型的代表?！苯逃f能論” 對教育作用的高度評價(jià)，對認(rèn)識教育在人的發(fā)展中的作用具有一定的意義。但是，把教育視為人 的發(fā)展的決定因素，就夸大了教育的作用。因?yàn)槿说陌l(fā)展并不是單純由教育決定的，而是各種條 件綜合作用和人的多方面的實(shí)踐活動(dòng)的結(jié)果。教育在人的發(fā)展中的主導(dǎo)作用只是相比較而言的。是相對的、有條件的。如果沒有遺傳為之提供相應(yīng)的生理前提，沒有環(huán)境的積極配合，沒有社會(huì) 發(fā)展作為物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)，沒有人的主觀能動(dòng)性的調(diào)動(dòng)，教育要發(fā)揮它的主導(dǎo)作用也是不可能的。

2、結(jié)合實(shí)際，談?wù)勀銓λ刭|(zhì)教育的理解。

答:⑴關(guān)于素質(zhì)教育的概念，素質(zhì)教育是個(gè)體在先天的基礎(chǔ)上，通過后天的環(huán)境影響的教育訓(xùn)練而 形成起來的順利從事某種活動(dòng)的基本品質(zhì)或基礎(chǔ)條件。⑵關(guān)于素質(zhì)教育的概念的是指學(xué)校 ⑶素質(zhì)教育的內(nèi)容構(gòu) 教育中以發(fā)展學(xué)生的多方面素質(zhì)為根本目的的教育思想的教育活動(dòng) 成有以下六點(diǎn):①政治素質(zhì)教育主要指對民族、階級、政黨，國家、政權(quán)，社會(huì)制度和國際關(guān)系的 情感，立場的態(tài)度的教育。當(dāng)前主要是四項(xiàng)基本原則教育 ②思想素質(zhì)教育，指基本的世界觀和思 想方法的教育，包括思想信仰、信念追求、理想動(dòng)機(jī)、民族精神、人生觀、價(jià)值觀等等。③道德 素質(zhì)教育，道德素質(zhì)教育是指個(gè)體所具有的正確處理個(gè)體與個(gè)體，個(gè)體與他人之間關(guān)系的良好品 質(zhì)。道德素質(zhì)教育就是教育學(xué)生養(yǎng)成良好的道德修養(yǎng)，行為習(xí)慣，道德情操，道德思維能力，判 斷能力，責(zé)任感，事業(yè)心，奉獻(xiàn)精神，自由自律的品質(zhì)等。④科學(xué)文化素質(zhì)教育，指基礎(chǔ)的科學(xué) 文化知識，審美修養(yǎng)，勞動(dòng)技能等方面的教育?？茖W(xué)文化素質(zhì)教育是素質(zhì)教育的基礎(chǔ)與核心。⑤ 身體素質(zhì)教育，指教育個(gè)體保證生理機(jī)能的正常發(fā)育和掌握科學(xué)鍛煉身體的方法與衛(wèi)生保健常識。⑥心理素質(zhì)教育，是指培養(yǎng)學(xué)生良好個(gè)性心理品質(zhì)，調(diào)整學(xué)生的心理狀態(tài)，解決學(xué)生的心理矛盾，以及增強(qiáng)學(xué)生自我平衡狀態(tài)的能力的教育。⑷中國實(shí)施素質(zhì)教育的實(shí)質(zhì)是使全國各級各類 教育特別是基礎(chǔ)教育保證“全面貫徹黨的教育方針，全面提高教育質(zhì)量”。即基礎(chǔ)性，能夠給予學(xué) 生未來發(fā)展中最基本，最基礎(chǔ)的素質(zhì)，這些素質(zhì)可以成為他們進(jìn)一步發(fā)展的潛能和條件。全面性，包括接受教育人要全面，避免英才教育選拔教育;人的發(fā)展內(nèi)容要全面，而不是單方面發(fā)展學(xué)生的 應(yīng)試能力。發(fā)展性，指注重使學(xué)生獲得生動(dòng)，活潑，主動(dòng)的發(fā)展，培養(yǎng)合格特色的人才。

五、案例分析題（每題15分，共30分）1、13歲少年奇奇（化名）由于在校打架等問題受到老師的處理。老師的做法是，讓全班同學(xué)進(jìn)行無記名投票，就“要不要奇奇繼續(xù)留校讀書”的問題進(jìn)行表決。由于沒能夠通過表決，奇奇的父親只好給孩子另外找了一所學(xué)校去上學(xué)。

請結(jié)合工作實(shí)際和教育學(xué)的學(xué)習(xí)，談?wù)勀銓ι鲜霈F(xiàn)象的看法。

答：這是典型的違背義務(wù)教育法的行為，是對學(xué)生自尊心的傷害。教師的職責(zé)是教書育人，是幫助學(xué)生獲得發(fā)展，而不是把犯一點(diǎn)錯(cuò)誤的學(xué)生趕出學(xué)校。

2、某教師在對中學(xué)生進(jìn)行教育的過程中說“讀書考大學(xué)，是為了自己，不是別人。讀書增強(qiáng)了自己的本領(lǐng)，提高了自己的資本，將來能找到一個(gè)好的工作，掙下大把的錢，從而有一個(gè)美好的生活。比如生活愉快，人生充實(shí)，前途美好，事業(yè)輝煌，甚至找一個(gè)漂亮的老婆，生一個(gè)聰明的兒子?！?/p>

請結(jié)合工作實(shí)際和教育學(xué)的學(xué)習(xí)，談?wù)勀銓ι鲜霈F(xiàn)象的看法。

答：讀書乃上為國家，下為自己，該教師觀點(diǎn)中存在的問題就是將“私”與“公”對立了起來，沒有 讓自我從個(gè)人擴(kuò)展到更寬泛的大我，在“學(xué)生讀書考大學(xué)是為了自己”與“為了社會(huì)主義建設(shè)”、“為 了實(shí)現(xiàn)共產(chǎn)主義”之間沒有貫通的可能。如果第一個(gè)命題不能在第三個(gè)命題中得到超越，沒有在第三 個(gè)命題中重新理解，如果不把自我看作動(dòng)態(tài)超越的概念，那么，“自己”與“別人”就無法溝通，“我” 就不能擴(kuò)展為“我們”，第一個(gè)命題便只能停留在培養(yǎng)“單子式”主體人格上，最終難免墮落為自私自 利者。

第四篇：2018年春季《心理學(xué)(高起專)》期末考核

期末作業(yè)考核

《心理學(xué)》

滿分100分

一、名詞解釋（每題5分，共20分）1.智力

答：智力是指生物一般性的精神能力。指人認(rèn)識、理解客觀事物并運(yùn)用知識、經(jīng)驗(yàn)等解決問題的能力，包括記憶、觀察、想象、思考、判斷等 2.暗適應(yīng)

答：當(dāng)我們從明亮的地方走進(jìn)黑暗的地方，一下子我們的眼睛就會(huì)什么也看不見，需要經(jīng)過一會(huì)，才會(huì)慢慢地適應(yīng)，逐漸看清暗處的東西，這一過程約30～40分鐘，其間視網(wǎng)膜的敏感度逐漸增高的適應(yīng)過程，就是暗適應(yīng)。3.圖式

答：是人腦中已有的知識經(jīng)驗(yàn)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)。社會(huì)知覺的基礎(chǔ)是被認(rèn)知事物本身的屬性，但認(rèn)知者的主觀因素也會(huì)對社會(huì)知覺的過程和結(jié)果產(chǎn)生重要的影響。4.情景記憶

答：是指對個(gè)人親身經(jīng)歷的、發(fā)生在一定時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)的事件（情景）的記憶。例如，對昨天在公園里會(huì)見一位朋友的記憶就是情景記憶。

二、簡答題（每題10分，共40分）1.心理學(xué)主要的研究方法及其優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。

答：（1）觀察法：在自然條件下，對表現(xiàn)心理現(xiàn)象的外部活動(dòng)進(jìn)行有系統(tǒng)、有計(jì)劃的觀察，從中發(fā)現(xiàn)心理現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生、發(fā)展的規(guī)律。優(yōu)點(diǎn)：適用范圍較大；簡便易行；所得材料比較真實(shí)。缺點(diǎn)：結(jié)果難以重復(fù)驗(yàn)證、精確分析；難以控制目標(biāo)現(xiàn)象的出現(xiàn)；受觀察者主觀影響（觀察者效應(yīng)、觀察者偏差）（2）實(shí)驗(yàn)法：在控制條件下對某種心理現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行研究的方法；分實(shí)驗(yàn)室實(shí)驗(yàn)和自然實(shí)驗(yàn)。優(yōu)點(diǎn)：可揭示因果關(guān)系；可重復(fù)可檢驗(yàn)；數(shù)量化指標(biāo)明確。缺點(diǎn)：實(shí)驗(yàn)情景帶有極大的認(rèn)為性質(zhì)，被試處于那樣的環(huán)境中又意識到自己正在接受實(shí)驗(yàn)，有可能干擾實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果的客觀性。（3）測驗(yàn)法：用一套預(yù)先經(jīng)過標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的問題（量表）來測量某種心理品質(zhì)的方法；分直接測驗(yàn)和間接測驗(yàn)（投射測驗(yàn)）兩種。測驗(yàn)法有三個(gè)基本要求：1.信度 2.效度 3.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化（4）調(diào)查法：就某一問題要求，讓受調(diào)查者自由表達(dá)其態(tài)度或意見。有兩種方式：問卷調(diào)查和晤談法。使用時(shí)應(yīng)注意：1.取樣的代表性 2.被試受社會(huì)贊許性的影響。優(yōu)點(diǎn)：用起來比較容易，收集數(shù)據(jù)比較快。缺點(diǎn)：不夠嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)；不能揭示因果關(guān)系；受研究者主觀影響較大。（5）個(gè)案法：對被試各方面或狀況進(jìn)行深入而詳盡的了解，收集個(gè)體過去和現(xiàn)在的資料，進(jìn)過分析推知其行為原因。優(yōu)點(diǎn)：能夠解釋個(gè)體某些心理和行為產(chǎn)生、發(fā)展、變化的原因，有助于研究者獲得某種假設(shè)。缺點(diǎn)：對個(gè)體的研究結(jié)論難以推廣。

2.可以從哪些方面來理解意識。

答：用交流，用觀察，用試探，用引誘，用高科技來匯總，用醫(yī)學(xué)專業(yè)儀器來輔助。讓心理學(xué)專家來定義才能更科學(xué)更負(fù)責(zé)任的來給出結(jié)論。主要是準(zhǔn)確找出誘發(fā)逆反原因和行為動(dòng)機(jī)方向！3.簡答概念的種類。答：區(qū)分概念種類的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

概念所包含的屬性的抽象與概括程度 概念反映事物屬性的數(shù)量與相互關(guān)系 概念形成的自然性 概念的外延 概念的內(nèi)涵 正統(tǒng)概念和模糊概念 4.思維及其特征。

答：思維是借助語言、表象或動(dòng)作實(shí)現(xiàn)的、對客觀事物的概括和間接的認(rèn)識，是認(rèn)識的高級形式。它能揭示事物的本質(zhì)特征和內(nèi)部聯(lián)系，并主要表現(xiàn)在概念形成和問題解決的活動(dòng)中。思維有以下一些特征：

（1）概括性。思維的概括性是指在大量感性材料的基礎(chǔ)上，把一類事物共同的特征和規(guī)律抽取出加以概括。概括水平在一定程度上表現(xiàn)了思維的水平。另外，概括是人們形成概念的前提，也是思維活動(dòng)能迅速進(jìn)行遷移的基礎(chǔ)。概括是隨人們認(rèn)識水平的深入而不斷發(fā)展的。人們的認(rèn)識水平越高，對事物的概括水平也就越高。

（2）間接性。思維的間接性是指人們借助于一定的媒介和知識經(jīng)驗(yàn)對客觀事物進(jìn)行間接的認(rèn)識。由于思維的間接性，人們才可能超越感知覺提供的信息，認(rèn)識那些沒有直接作用于人的感官的事物和屬性，從而揭示事物的本質(zhì)和規(guī)律。從這個(gè)意義上講，思維認(rèn)識的領(lǐng)域要比感知覺認(rèn)識的領(lǐng)域更廣闊、更深刻。（3）思維是對經(jīng)驗(yàn)的改組。思維是一種探索和發(fā)現(xiàn)新事物的心理過程。它常常指向事物的新特征和新關(guān)系，這就需要人們對頭腦中已有的知識經(jīng)驗(yàn)不斷進(jìn)行更新和改組。思維活動(dòng)常常是由一定的問題情景引起的，并試圖解決這些問題。所以思維不是簡單地再現(xiàn)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，而是對已有的知識經(jīng)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行改組、建構(gòu)的過程。

三、論述（每題20分，共40分）1.試述智力三元理論。

答：智力三元論是由斯滕伯格提出的，試圖說明更為廣泛的智力行為。他認(rèn)為，一個(gè)完備的智力理論必須說明智力的三個(gè)方面：即智力的內(nèi)在成分、智力與經(jīng)驗(yàn)的關(guān)系和智力成分的外部作用。從而提出了智力三成分理論。包括：

（1）智力成分亞理論――認(rèn)為智力包括三個(gè)成分及相應(yīng)的三種過程，即元成分、操作成分和知識獲得成分。元成分是計(jì)劃、控制和決策的高級執(zhí)行過程。操作成分表現(xiàn)在任務(wù)的執(zhí)行過程中，接受刺激，將信息保持在短時(shí)記憶中，并進(jìn)行比較。知識獲得成分是指獲取和保存新信息的過程，負(fù)責(zé)接受新刺激，做出判斷與反應(yīng)，以及對新信息的編碼與存儲(chǔ)。其中，三種成分中元成分起核心作用。（2）智力情境亞理論――認(rèn)為智力是指獲得與情境擬合的心理活動(dòng)。在日常生活中，智力表現(xiàn)為有目的地適應(yīng)環(huán)境、塑造環(huán)境和選擇新環(huán)境的能力。

（3）智力經(jīng)驗(yàn)亞理論――認(rèn)為智力包括兩種能力，一種是處理新任務(wù)和新環(huán)境時(shí)所要求的能力，另一種是信息加工過程自動(dòng)化的能力。任務(wù)、情境和個(gè)體三者間存在相互作用。信息加工自動(dòng)化的能力也是智力的重要成分，人們在進(jìn)行復(fù)雜任務(wù)的操作時(shí)，需要運(yùn)用更多操作的過程。只有許多操作自動(dòng)化后，復(fù)雜任務(wù)才容易完成。智力成分亞理論是三元智力理論中，最早形成和最為完善的部分，它揭示了智力活動(dòng)的內(nèi)部機(jī)制。

2.論述情緒與情感的區(qū)別和聯(lián)系。答：情緒和情感的區(qū)別：

1、情緒出現(xiàn)較早，多與人的生理性需要相聯(lián)系；情感出現(xiàn)較晚，多與人的社會(huì)性需要相聯(lián)系。

2、情緒具有情境性和暫時(shí)性；情感則具有深刻性和穩(wěn)定性。

3、情緒具有沖動(dòng)性和明顯的外部表現(xiàn)；情感則比較內(nèi)隱。情緒和情感的聯(lián)系：

情感是在多次情緒體驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上形成的，并通過情緒表現(xiàn)出來；反過來，情緒的表現(xiàn)和變化又受已形成的情感的制約。

第五篇：大學(xué)英語(一2014年春季期末作業(yè)考核 《大學(xué)英語(一)》 高起專 )

2014年春季期末作業(yè)考核

《大學(xué)英語

（一）》 高起專

滿分：100分

一、Vocabulary and Structure(共50分)

Section A

Directions: In this section there are 25 incomplete sentences.For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence, Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.1.She was quite excited by the _C_ of seeing Mr.Gordon again so soon.A.prospectB.issueC.bondD.contribution

2.The boy felt _B_ with his new classmates when they made fun of his accent.A.valuableB.uncomfortableC.massiveD.relevant

3.The speaker’s excitedB_ seemed unrelated to his boring speech.A.competitorB.gestureC.complimentD.contribution

4.The _C_ meaning of this word isn’t used now, but you can look it up in a big dictionary.A.keenB.marvelousC.primaryD.massive

5.His _D_ in such an unpopular affair put him in an unfavorable political position.A.emotionB.journalismC.journalistD.involvement

6.You mustn’t hesitate too _A_ when speaking English.A.frequentlyB.keenlyC.overnightD.marvelously

7.The houses in that _B_ are very stylish but too expensive.A.volunteerB.neighborhoodC.supervisorD.stead

8.I’ve _C_ to see Francis tomorrow morning before our important meeting.A.volunteeredB.suspected C.arrangedD.supervised

9.They are probably of high-level _A_ in English reading and writing.A.competenceB.recognitionC.rankD.parade

10.The plane arrived _B_ on schedule and my friend was there to meet me.A.massivelyB.preciselyC.powerfully D.obviously

11.She was _D_ her opportunity to earn a position to assistant manager.A.being keen onB.being relevant to

C.standing sb.in good steadD.making use of

12.Young children are quick to _A_ words they hear their elders use.A.pick upB.revel inC.take part inD.pick out

13.He is unable to go to work _B_ the fall from his horse.A.as a resultB.as a result ofC.becauseD.since

14.Winston Churchill will _C_ in history as the man who rallied the British people when they seemed to be defeated.A.go outB.go upC go downD.go into

15.For this very reason the government has _A_ refused the farmers’ demand, but may reconsider their position.A.so farB.highs and lows

C.a once-in-a-lifetime experienceD.a range of

Section B

Direction: There are 10 blanks in the following passage.For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.You should choose the One answer that best completes the passage.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.If George Washington 16able to travel17in time, he would feel much more at home in ancient Babylon,3700 years before his time, 18in our modern age,200 years after he lived.Torches, chariots and rough streets, 19those of Babylon in 2060 B.C, would not surprise him.He read20candlelight and21in carriages on unpaved roads.He never saw a building more than four stories high.Electric lights, highways, and skyscrapers 22amaze him.When Washington was ill, he might 23to be cut and bled to let out the “bad blood” that was making him sick.He would not know 24a modern doctor meant by serums ,germ, and allergies.If the Father of his Country could visit the United States now, he might think that he 25 on another planet.C16.A.wasB.shouldC.wereD.may

A17.A.back and forthB.back and forwardC.up and downD.over and over D18.A.thoughB.soC.thenD.than

B19.A asB likeC.whichD.who

C20.A.withB.inC.byD.on

A21.A.rodeB.tookC.gotD.came

C22.A.shouldB.mustC.wouldD.may

B23.A.respectB.expectC.inspectD.escape

D24.A.whichB.thatC.howD.what

B25.A.landB.had landedC.landedD.had been landed

二、Writing（共50分）

本篇屬 “三段式”作文,每個(gè)段落的第一句話(主題句)說明各段大意.請同學(xué)們完成各段,字?jǐn)?shù)不少于120 字.The Importance of Learning a Foreign Language

1.Foreign language is a required course both in middle school and college.2.Learning a foreign language can make us know the world better

3.Now, we may draw a conclusion, that is.it is really important for us to foreign language.There can be no doubt that English is one of the world's most widely used languages.People use a language in one of three ways: as a native language, as a second language, or as a foreign languge.English is spoken as a native language by over three handred million people in the United States, Britain, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, some caribbean countries and South Africa.As asecond language, English is often necessary for official business, education,information and other activities in many countries, it is one of the few

“working” languages of the United Nations.It is said that English has become the language of international trade and transport.Most pilots in planes travelling from one country to another use it to talk with airports.All ships sailing on the oceans call for help by radio in it.It has been said that 60 percent of the world's radio broad casts and 70 percent of the world's mail uses English.At international sports meets, and international of scientists English is the language most commonly used and the most widely used.English has in fact become the language of international cooperation is science and technology.The most advanced resuits in space, nuclear and computer research are published in it.A scientist who speaks and writes English is in closer touch with the scientists in other countries than one who doesn't.