第一篇：中級(jí)口譯第四章 詞類轉(zhuǎn)換1

Exercise 1: 1.絕對(duì)不許違反這個(gè)原則。(v—n)2.他們不滿足于現(xiàn)有的成就。3．我們?nèi)w贊成他的建議。

4.我們對(duì)待世界大戰(zhàn)這個(gè)問題的態(tài)度是，第一，反對(duì)；第二，不怕。5.他們不顧一切困難、挫折，堅(jiān)持戰(zhàn)斗。6.政府正在開展一場(chǎng)反對(duì)鋪張浪費(fèi)的運(yùn)動(dòng)。（Verb—Prep）7.他熱愛科學(xué)研究，但對(duì)升職不感興趣。（Verb –Adj）8.街中的一切逐漸消逝在灰暗的暮色里。(adj.– n.)Key: 1.No violation of this principle can be tolerated.2.We are not content with our present achievements.3.We are all for / in favor of his suggestion.4.Our attitude towards the question of world war is, first, we are against it;second, we are not afraid of it.5.They kept on fighting in spite of all difficulties and setbacks.6.The government is waging a campaign against waste and extravagance.7.He is keen on scientific researches but indifferent to promotion.8.Everything in the street was gradually disappearing into a pall of gray.Exercise 2: 1.With the passage of time, her admiration for him grew more and more.2.We are enemies of all wars.3.My suggestion is that he should quit smoking at once.4.The thief made a trembling confession of his wrongdoing.5.Observers have commented favorably on the achievement you have made.6.He is a lover of Chinese paintings.7.Most students behave respectfully towards their teacher.8.At the sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.9.He is a perfect stranger in the city.10.They gave him a hearty welcome.11.Please give an accurate translation of this sentence.12.He came to me with a luggage.13.She came to my home for help.14.These chemical engineers don’t guarantee anything.15.Originally he was from Sweden.16.Mr.White with great cheerfulness told her that he had good news to communicate.17.Numerous abstentions marked the French elections.18.These handicrafts are very popular with foreign friends.19.The old hunter is a good skier.20.Animals become indifferent to their young as soon as they can look after themselves.21.The victory of justice over arbitrary acts, of reason over decadence and blindness, of democracy over imperialism, of good over evil, our victory of 25 of October will represent one of the glorious pages of our history, and we shall be able to leave it to our heirs.Key: 1.隨著時(shí)間的消逝，她對(duì)他越來越敬慕（欽佩）。(n.→v.)2.我們反對(duì)一切戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。(n.→v.)3.我建議他立刻戒煙。(n.→v.)

4.小偷顫抖著交代了自己干的壞事。(adj.→adv.;n.→v.)

5.觀察家們對(duì)你取得的成就給予了很好的評(píng)價(jià)。(v.→n.;adv.→adj.)6.他熱愛中國(guó)畫。(n.→v.)

7.大部分學(xué)生對(duì)老師態(tài)度很恭敬。(v.→n.;adv.→adj.)

8.看到我們的噴氣式飛機(jī)，聽到隆隆的聲音，真令人特別神往。(n.→v.)9.他對(duì)這城市完全陌生。(n.→adj.)10.他們很熱忱地歡迎他。(adj.→adv.)

11.請(qǐng)把這句話確切地翻譯出來。(adj.→adv.)12.他拿著行李向我走來。(prep.→v.)13.她來到我家，請(qǐng)求幫助。(prep.→v.)14.這些化學(xué)工程師不做任何保證。(v.→n.)15.他的原籍是瑞典。(adv.→n.)

16.懷特先生興高采烈地說，他帶來了很好的消息。(n.→adv.)17.無數(shù)的棄權(quán)是法國(guó)競(jìng)選的特點(diǎn)。(v.→n.)18.外國(guó)朋友很喜歡這些手工藝品。(adj.→v.)19.這位老獵人滑雪滑得很好。(n.→v.)

20.動(dòng)物，一旦它們的后代能夠自己照料自己，它們就不管了。(adj.→v.)21.正義戰(zhàn)勝了專斷行為，理智戰(zhàn)勝了墮落和盲目，民主戰(zhàn)勝了帝國(guó)主義，善良戰(zhàn)勝了邪惡，我們?cè)?0月25日取得的勝利將作為光輝的一頁(yè)（篇章）載如史冊(cè)，我們將把它傳給子孫后代。

Passage: 女人發(fā)號(hào)施令的手段很高明，用的都是口氣柔和的祈使句。但不管怎樣，事無巨細(xì)都要男人效勞總是不應(yīng)該的。他對(duì)妻子總是百依百順，我從未聽到過他有什么不耐煩的表示，而且，我聽得出來，他極其恭順而溫存，仿佛這么奴仆般地被老婆支使得團(tuán)團(tuán)轉(zhuǎn)是一種享受似的。于是我猜測(cè)：他的妻子很漂亮，因?yàn)榇蠓财恋呐硕碱H有些自命不凡，總把自己當(dāng)作個(gè)高貴的公主。(摘自傅曉玲《英漢互譯高級(jí)教程》383 Reference: The woman was very good at commanding: her orders were all couched in soft-toned imperative sentences.However, it simply wasn’t right, I thought, for her to ask her husband to do everything.But to these orders of hers, he never said a word of ―No‖, nor did he reveal any sign of impatience.On the contrary, his response showed that he was as meek as a lamb, seeming to regard it as a great pleasure to be busy his head off for his slave master.Therefore I came to the conclusion that his wife must be a great beauty, for beautiful women without exception are stuck up, imaging themselves to be noble princesses.

第二篇：英語(yǔ)翻譯中的詞類轉(zhuǎn)換

英語(yǔ)翻譯中的詞類轉(zhuǎn)換—轉(zhuǎn)譯成形容詞

轉(zhuǎn)譯成形容詞

（一）形容詞派生的名詞往往可以轉(zhuǎn)譯成形容詞。

1.The pallor of her face indicated clearly how she was feeling at the moment.她蒼白的臉色清楚地表明了她那時(shí)的情緒。

2.The security and warmth of the destroyer's sick bay were wonderful.驅(qū)逐艦的病室很安全也很溫暖，好極了。

3.He talked for some time with Bundy, and his questions reflected the enormity of his doubts.他同邦迪談了一會(huì)，他提出的問題反映出他有很大的懷疑。

（二）有些名詞加不定冠詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，往往可以轉(zhuǎn)譯成形容詞。如：

1）The blockade was a success.封鎖很成功。

2）As he is a perfect stranger in the city, I hope you will give him the necessary help.他對(duì)這城市完全陌生，所以我希望你能給他必要的幫助。

3）Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study.獨(dú)立思考對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)是絕對(duì)必需的。其他詞類轉(zhuǎn)譯

（一）形容詞與副詞的互相轉(zhuǎn)譯

1.英語(yǔ)名詞譯成漢語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，修飾該名詞的形容詞往往轉(zhuǎn)譯成漢語(yǔ)副詞。如：

1）Occasionally a drizzle came down, and the intermittent flashes of lightening made us turn apprehensive glances toward Zero.偶爾下一點(diǎn)毛毛雨，斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的閃電使得我們不時(shí)憂慮地朝著零區(qū)方向望去。

2）It was a clear and unemotional exposition of the President's reasons for willing to begin a Chinese-American dialogue.這篇發(fā)言清楚明白、心平氣和地說明了總統(tǒng)希望開始中美對(duì)話的原因。

2.英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞譯成漢語(yǔ)名詞時(shí)，修飾該動(dòng)詞的副詞往往轉(zhuǎn)譯成形容詞。如：

1）He routinely radioed another agent on the ground.他跟另一個(gè)地勤人員進(jìn)行了例行的無線電聯(lián)絡(luò)。

2）The President had prepared meticulously for his journey.總統(tǒng)為這次出訪作了十分周密的準(zhǔn)備。

3.由于英漢兩種語(yǔ)言表達(dá)方式不同，還有一些英語(yǔ)形容詞可譯為漢語(yǔ)副詞。如：

1）This is sheer nonsense.（這完全是胡說。）

2）Buckley was in a clear minority.（巴克利顯然屬于少數(shù)。）

3）By dialing the right number, you may be able to select a play, golf lesson or lecture in physics, from a pretaped library in a remote city, for showing on your home screen.只要撥對(duì)了號(hào)碼，你就可以在家里電視機(jī)上選看到有遠(yuǎn)方城市一座圖書館發(fā)出的預(yù)先錄制的一出戲、一堂打高爾夫球的講課，或者一次物理學(xué)演講。

（二）名詞與副詞的互相轉(zhuǎn)譯

1.名詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成副詞

1）When he catches a glimpse of a potential antagonist, his instinct is to win him over with charm and humor.只要一發(fā)現(xiàn)有可能反對(duì)他的人，他就本能地要用他的魅力和風(fēng)趣將這人爭(zhēng)取過來。

2）The new mayor earned some appreciation by the courtesy of coming to visit the city poor.新市長(zhǎng)有禮貌地前來訪問城市貧民，獲得了他們的一些好感。

2.副詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成名詞

1）They have not done so well ideologically, however, as organizationally.但是，他們的思想工作沒有他們的組織工作做得好。

2）He is physically weak but mentally sound.他身體雖弱，但思想健康。轉(zhuǎn)譯成名詞

（一）英語(yǔ)中很多由名詞派生的動(dòng)詞，以及由名詞轉(zhuǎn)用的動(dòng)詞，在漢語(yǔ)中往往不易找到相應(yīng)的動(dòng)詞，這時(shí)可將其轉(zhuǎn)譯成漢語(yǔ)名詞。

1.名詞派生的動(dòng)詞

1）Formality has always characterized their relationship.他們之間的關(guān)系，有一個(gè)特點(diǎn)，就是以禮相待。

2）To them, he personified the absolute power.在他們看來，他就是絕對(duì)權(quán)威的化身。

2.名詞轉(zhuǎn)用的動(dòng)詞

1）Most U.S.spy satellites are designed to burn up in the earth's atmosphere after completing their missions.美國(guó)絕大多數(shù)間諜衛(wèi)星，按其設(shè)計(jì)，是在完成使命后，在大氣層中焚毀。

（二）有些英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)式句子中的動(dòng)詞，可以譯成“受（遭）到……+名詞”、“予（加）以+名詞”這類結(jié)構(gòu)。如：

Satellites, however, must be closely watched, for they are constantly being tugged at by the gravitational attraction of the sun, moon and earth.（由于經(jīng)常受到太陽(yáng)、月亮以及地球引力的影響，衛(wèi)星活動(dòng)必須加以密切的觀察。）

（三）形容詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成名詞

1.英語(yǔ)中有些形容詞加上定冠詞表示某一類的人，漢譯時(shí)常譯成名詞。如：

1）They did their best to help the sick and the wounded.他們盡了最大的努力幫助病號(hào)和傷員。

2）Robin Hood and his merry men hated the rich and loved and protected the poor.羅賓漢和他的伙伴們痛恨闊人，熱愛并保護(hù)窮人。

2.此外，根據(jù)情況還有些形容詞可以譯成名詞。如：

1）Stevenson was eloquent and elegant——but soft.史蒂文森有口才、有風(fēng)度，但很軟弱。

2）They were considered insincere.他們被人認(rèn)為是偽君子。

在英譯漢過程中，有些句子可以逐詞對(duì)譯，有些句子則由于英漢兩種語(yǔ)言的表達(dá)方式不同，就不能用“一個(gè)蘿卜一個(gè)坑”的方法來逐詞對(duì)譯。原文中有些詞在譯文中需要轉(zhuǎn)換詞類，才能使?jié)h語(yǔ)譯文通順自然。詞類轉(zhuǎn)譯的情況歸納起來有以下四種。

一、轉(zhuǎn)譯成動(dòng)詞

英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)比較起來，漢語(yǔ)中動(dòng)詞用得比較多，這是一個(gè)特點(diǎn)，往往在英語(yǔ)句子中只用一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，而在漢語(yǔ)中卻可以幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞性結(jié)構(gòu)連用。例如，在He admires the President's stated decision to fight for the job.（他對(duì)總統(tǒng)聲明為保住其職位而決心奮斗表示欽佩）中，英語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只有admires一個(gè)詞，其他用的是過去分詞（stated）、動(dòng)詞派生名詞（decision）、不定式（to fight）和介詞（for）等。漢語(yǔ)沒有詞形變化，但可以幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞連用。因此，英語(yǔ)中不少詞類（尤其是名詞、介詞、形容詞和副詞）在漢譯時(shí)往往可以轉(zhuǎn)譯成動(dòng)詞。

（一）名詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成動(dòng)詞

1.由動(dòng)詞派生的名詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成動(dòng)詞，在政論文體中出現(xiàn)比較多。如：

1）The 1967 UN document calls for the settlement of the Middle East conflict on the basis of Israeli withdrawal from occupied territories and Arab acknowledgement of Israeli's right to exist.（1967年聯(lián)合國(guó)文件要求在以色列撤出所占的土地以及阿拉伯承認(rèn)以色列的生存權(quán)利的基礎(chǔ)上來解決中東沖突。）

2）Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe.（火箭已經(jīng)用來探索宇宙。）

2.含有動(dòng)作意味的名詞（在記敘、描寫文體中出現(xiàn)較多）往往可以轉(zhuǎn)譯成動(dòng)詞。如：

1）The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.（看到我們的噴氣式飛機(jī)，聽見隆隆的機(jī)聲，令我特別神往。）

2）A glance through his office window offers a panoramic view of the Washington Monument and the Lincoln Memorial.（從他的辦公室窗口可以一眼看到華盛頓紀(jì)念碑和林肯紀(jì)念館的全景。）

3.英語(yǔ)中有些加后綴-er的名詞，如teacher教師，thinker思想家等等，有時(shí)在句中并不指其身份和職業(yè)，而是含有較強(qiáng)的動(dòng)作意味，在漢語(yǔ)中沒有恰當(dāng)?shù)膶?duì)應(yīng)名詞時(shí)，往往可以譯成動(dòng)詞。如：

1）I am afraid I can't teach you swimming.I think my little brother is a better teacher than I.（我未必會(huì)教你游泳。我想我的小弟弟比我教得好。）

2）Talking with his son, the old man was the forgiver of the young man's past wrong doings.（在和兒子談話時(shí)，老人寬恕了年輕人過去所干的壞事。）

4.作為習(xí)語(yǔ)主體的名詞往往可以轉(zhuǎn)譯成動(dòng)詞，如：

1）They took a final look at Iron Mike, still intact in the darkness.他們最后看了鐵麥克一眼——它依舊安然無恙地聳立在黑暗中。

2）The next news bulletin, shorter than usual, made no mention of the demonstration.下一個(gè)新聞節(jié)目比通常短，沒有提到游行。

（二）介詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成動(dòng)詞

1）“Coming!“Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the veranda, and into the porch.”來啦！"她轉(zhuǎn)身蹦著跳著地跑了，越過草地，跑上小徑，跨上臺(tái)階，穿過涼臺(tái)，進(jìn)了門廊。

2）I barreled straight ahead, across the harbor and out over the sea.我筆直向前高速飛行，越過港口，飛臨海面。

（三）形容詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成動(dòng)詞

英語(yǔ)中表示知覺、情欲、欲望等心理狀態(tài)的形容詞，在系動(dòng)詞后作表語(yǔ)用時(shí)，往往可轉(zhuǎn)譯成動(dòng)詞。如：confident, certain, careful, cautious, angry, sure, ignorant, afraid, doubtful, aware, concerned, glad, delighted, sorry, ashamed, thankful, anxious等。

1）Doctors have said that they are not sure they can save his life.醫(yī)生們說他們不敢肯定能否救得了他的命。

2）The fact that she was able to send a message was a hint.But I had to be cautious.她能夠給我?guī)€(gè)信兒這件事就是個(gè)暗示。但是我必須小心謹(jǐn)慎。

（四）副詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成動(dòng)詞

1）That day he was up before sunrise.那天他在日出以前就起來了。

2）She opened the window to let fresh air in.她把窗子打開，讓新鮮空氣進(jìn)來

第三篇：中級(jí)口譯講義

中級(jí)口譯講義

口試“政治類”：

We established our friendly and cooperative relations on the understanding that we would develop our friendship on the basis of mutual respect and equality,and mutual benefit.//We believe that it is absolutely important that all nations ,big or small,strong or weak,should establish and maintain their relations on these principles.//We appreciate the interest and understanding that China has shown regarding the problems of small and developing countries.//We also appreciate China’s firm support in our economic development.//I look forward,in the next few days,to the opportunity of learning something from your experience on promoting economic and social development in the interest of your people.// 我們建立友好合作關(guān)系時(shí)是基于這樣一種認(rèn)識(shí)，即我們要在相互尊重和平等互利的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展我們的友誼。//我們認(rèn)為，所有國(guó)家，無論大小強(qiáng)弱，都應(yīng)該在這些原則 的基礎(chǔ)上建立和維持相互間的關(guān)系，這是至關(guān)重要的。//我們贊賞中國(guó)關(guān)注和理解小國(guó)和發(fā)展中國(guó)家所遇到的問題，我們贊賞中國(guó)對(duì)我們經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的有力支持。//我期待在今后的幾天里有機(jī)會(huì)向你們請(qǐng)教，學(xué)習(xí)你們?yōu)樵旄ＹF國(guó)人民而促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。// 2.(26)Mr.President,I wish to thank you for your very gracious and eloquent remarks.At this very moment through the wonder of telecommunications,many people are hearing what we say today.//Yes,right now the whole world is watching us.Though what we say here ill soon be forgoten,what we do here will change the world.//We have a social and political system which differs in many respects from your own.It is the result of different experiences and a different tradition.//Given our distinct histories,geographies and cultures,it is inconceivable that we could seee eye to eye on all issues.However,we do agree on the fundamental need for world peace.// 主席先生，我要感謝您那熱情洋溢、雄辯無比的演講。此時(shí)此刻，許多人正在通過神奇的電訊設(shè)備傾聽著我們的講話。//是的，此時(shí)此刻整個(gè)世界都在關(guān)注著我們。雖然我們?cè)诖怂鞯难葜v很快便會(huì)被人們遺忘，但是我們?cè)诖说淖鳛閰s能改變世界。//我國(guó)的社會(huì)制度和政治制度在許多方面都與貴國(guó)的社會(huì)制度和政治制度不同。這源于我們不同的經(jīng)歷和不同的傳統(tǒng)。//鑒于我們有著截然不同的歷史、地理和文化，很難想象我們會(huì)對(duì)所有問題都有一致的看法。但是對(duì)世界和平的基本需求，我們的看法是一致的。// 3.(33)I have come to China for the beautiful future of our two countries.I am firmly convinced that ,together,we two peoples can and will make tomorrow a better day.//We may be distinctly different in language,customs,and political beliefs,but on many vital questions of our time there is little distance between the American and Chinese people.//China’s economy advances with the dynamics of change.Unlike some governments,which fear change and fear the future,China is beginning to scale new 總部地址：工農(nóng)路111號(hào)華辰大廈A座604 郵編：226000 電話：8522-0400 網(wǎng)址：004km.cn

heights.//On behalf of all the members of my delegation,I’d like to express our highest respect for your courage and welcome the opportunity to walk by your side.// 我來中國(guó)是為了我們兩國(guó)美好的未來。我堅(jiān)信我們兩國(guó)人民能夠，也一定會(huì)共同建設(shè)美好的未來。//我們可以有兩種截然不同的語(yǔ)言、習(xí)俗和政治信仰，但在我們這個(gè)時(shí)代的許多至關(guān)重要的問題上，我們兩國(guó)人民之間幾乎沒有距離。//中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)突飛猛進(jìn)，日新月異。與一切懼怕變革，懼怕未來的國(guó)家不同，中國(guó)開始邁向新的高度。//我謹(jǐn)代表本代表團(tuán)成員向你們所表現(xiàn)出的勇氣致敬，并歡迎有此機(jī)會(huì)與你們并肩前進(jìn)。// “旅游類”：

1.Bristol is a truly beautiful,interesting and fascinating city.Beautiful parks and gardens leak onto interesting lanes and footpaths,while houses and buildings of old times stand magnificently on the hills of the city.//But Bristol is much more than this;it is a modern city where the latest works in contemporary arts can be found and where the night-life is interesting and varied.//Bristol is surrounded by beautiful countryside,rolling hills,and top class holiday resorts.Some of the country’s most fascinating tourist attractions-castles and palaces-are only a short drive away.//Bristol has always envouraged the tourist industry and welcomed tourist from all parts of the world.There is a superb choice of acommodation available and the city is proud of its many restaurants and cafes.// 布里斯托爾的確是一座非常美麗、有趣和迷人的城市。美麗的公園和花園里到處是趣味盎然的路徑，舊時(shí)代的房屋和建筑昂然挺立在城市的山坡上。//然而，布里斯托爾并非僅僅如此；那還是座現(xiàn)代化的城市，有當(dāng)代藝術(shù)的最新作品，也有有趣和豐富多樣的夜生活。//布里斯托爾的四周有美麗的鄉(xiāng)村，起伏不斷的山地，以及一流的度假勝地。從這里出發(fā)到一些全國(guó)最迷人的旅游景點(diǎn)，如城堡和宮殿，只有短短的一段車程。//布里斯托爾一向重視旅游業(yè)，歡迎來自世界各地的游客。當(dāng)?shù)赜幸涣鞯淖∷蘅晒┻x擇，還有其引以為豪的眾多餐館和咖啡館。// 2.上海既是一座歷史文化名城，也是當(dāng)今中國(guó)最為繁榮的經(jīng)濟(jì)中心之一，成為人們向往的觀光勝地。//上海為旅游者在各方面提供了良好的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。在上海旅游，不僅方便愉快，而且安全舒適。//上海要長(zhǎng)久吸引旅游者，就應(yīng)該切實(shí)做好各項(xiàng)旅游服務(wù)工作，讓游客獲得賓至如歸的服務(wù)。//我們希望而且相信，上海會(huì)使每一位旅游者流連忘返，“樂不思蜀”，給每一位旅游者留下了美好的回憶。// Shanghai,a famous historical and cultural city,and one of the most prosperous economic centers in China,has become a famous scenic spot that people look forward to visiting.//Shanghai provides tourists with a good infrastructure in every aspect.Touring in Shanghai is not only convenient and pleasant,but also safe and comfortable.//To maintain a lasting charm for tourists,Shanghai should earnestly do a good job in all kinds of tourist services to make them feel at home.//We hope and believe that Shanghai will make every tourist stay a longer time and become too 總部地址：工農(nóng)路111號(hào)華辰大廈A座604 郵編：226000 電話：8522-0400 網(wǎng)址：004km.cn

delighted to be homesick.A nice memory of the city will linger in the heart of every tourist.// 3.陽(yáng)朔是個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)，人口不足三萬。它極富盛名，每年有成千上萬的游客趨之若騖，從世界各地涌來。//1998年美國(guó)前總統(tǒng)比爾.克林頓來到這里，面對(duì)美不勝收的景致，不忍匆匆離去，以致推遲其香港之行。//陽(yáng)朔最吸引人的地方就是板石街，又名“西洋街”。該街總長(zhǎng)一千米，有一千四百一十年歷史。//街道兩旁有數(shù)百家商店，主要出售外國(guó)人喜歡的仿古制品和紀(jì)念品。徜徉小街，游人會(huì)驚喜地發(fā)現(xiàn)在這里東西方文明是如此的水乳交融。// Yangshuo is a small country of less than 30,000 people.Nevertheless,it is so famous that it woos thousands of tourists worldwide all the year round.//In 1998,former US president Bill Clinton came here and delayed his trip to Hong Kong because he was reluctant to leave such a lovely place too soon.//The most tempting place in Yanghuo is the Slabstone Street,which has gained a new name as “The Western Street”.The street,with a total length of 1,000 meters,spans a history of 1,410 years.//On both sides of the street are a few hundred shops,selling mainly souvenirs and antiques to(cater for)the foreigners’ tastes.Strolling on the street,tourists will be amazed to find that Eastern and Western culture blend so well here.// 口試“教育類”：

1.Some universities,like Oxford and Cambridge in Britain,are residential,which means students live and study on campus.Other universities are non-residential,which means students have to spend a lot of time to travel daily to their lectures.//There are also part-time students who have to do their work during the day,and they study in the evening.Other part-time students have to study by correspondence.//”The Open Universities”can also help students to gain university degrees.Here,lectures are mainly given on radio or television.However,for a few weeks each year,students can attend vacation courses at universities.//For admission to any university degree course,a student has to pass qualifying examinations.In Britain,there are not enough places for asll secondary school students,so these qualifying examinations are highly competitive.// 英國(guó)有些大學(xué)，如牛津和劍橋提供學(xué)生住宿，這就是說學(xué)生在校園里學(xué)習(xí)和生活。其他一些學(xué)校則不提供住宿，也就是說學(xué)生每天要花不少時(shí)間到學(xué)校去聽講座。//還有一些利用業(yè)余時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)生，他們白天必須工作，晚上學(xué)習(xí)。還有些業(yè)余學(xué)生則不得不通過函授學(xué)習(xí)。//“開放大學(xué)”也能幫助學(xué)生取得大學(xué)學(xué)位，大學(xué)主要通過廣播或電視播出講座。但是每年有幾個(gè)星期，學(xué)生能在大學(xué)里參加假期班的學(xué)習(xí)。//要想攻讀任何大學(xué)學(xué)位課程，學(xué)生必須通過入學(xué)資格考試。由于在英國(guó)沒有足夠的名額讓所有中學(xué)生進(jìn)入大學(xué)，因此，這些入學(xué)考試具有很強(qiáng)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性。// 2.Last year a research was carried out on the skills of university students.The findings confirm the worry of employers about the lack of basic skills in some university graduates.//The research showed that less than 20% of all university students achieves 總部地址：工農(nóng)路111號(hào)華辰大廈A座604 郵編：226000 電話：8522-0400 網(wǎng)址：004km.cn

the levels expected of them in the three key skills,that is,communication,the application of number and information technology.//Some teachers and experts have argued that there are two other key skills which the university students might be expected to show.These skills are to improve their own learning and to work with others.//If we add in these skills,the research showed that only about a dozen university students among nearly two hundred who were tested scored top marks,which is,of course,a very disappointing and uncomfortable figure.// 去掉開展了一次對(duì)大學(xué)生技能的調(diào)查研究。調(diào)查結(jié)果證實(shí)了雇主們對(duì)某些大學(xué)生缺乏基本技能這一現(xiàn)象的擔(dān)憂。//調(diào)查顯示只有不到20%的大學(xué)生在三項(xiàng)基本技能方面達(dá)到了預(yù)期的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。這三項(xiàng)技能包括交際、數(shù)學(xué)以及(處理)信息技術(shù)。//有些老師和專家認(rèn)為大學(xué)生還應(yīng)該具備另外兩項(xiàng)基本技能，那就是如何提高自己的學(xué)習(xí)能力和同他人共事的能力。//如果我們加上這兩項(xiàng)技能，調(diào)查研究顯示在接受測(cè)試的近200名大學(xué)生中，只有12名左右取得了高分，這個(gè)數(shù)字理所當(dāng)然是令人十分失望和不安的。// 3.大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為，書本和課本基本上是一回事，其實(shí)這種想法是完全錯(cuò)誤的。//書本并不僅僅是指課本。如果我們僅僅通過課本去學(xué)習(xí)，這就意味著我們把自己局限于生活中很狹小的一個(gè)方面。//大多數(shù)教育專家都強(qiáng)調(diào)“終身學(xué)習(xí)”的重要性，認(rèn)為繼續(xù)教育的一個(gè)重要途徑就是閱讀各種書籍和報(bào)紙雜志。//他們指出，學(xué)習(xí)永無止境，是個(gè)連續(xù)不斷的過程。每一個(gè)人都可以，也完全可以做到：活到老學(xué)到老。// It is a view held by most people that books and textbooks mean almost the same thing,which ,actually,is all wrong.//Books are not just textbooks,and if we only read textbooks,it means that we are concentrating only on one small aspect of life.//Most education experts stress the importance of life-long learning,thinking that an important way of continuing one’s education is by reading books,magazines,and newspapers on every subject.//They point out that education never ends.It is a continuous process.All of us may,and are entirely able to ,accomplish this kind of life-long education.The day we stop learning is the day when we die.4.松江大學(xué)城作為本市最大的大學(xué)社區(qū)，于昨日正式啟用，迎接來自上海外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)、上海外貿(mào)學(xué)院及立信會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)院三所高校的5500名新生。//該大學(xué)城占地306公頃，其中240公頃用于教室等各類教學(xué)設(shè)施，其他用于寢室食堂和商店。整座大學(xué)城的建成將耗資25億人民幣。//松江大學(xué)城的建立，旨在使大學(xué)生得到全面、健康的發(fā)展，即每個(gè)學(xué)生都得以在德、智、體、美各個(gè)方面 有所提高。//按計(jì)劃，今年年底松江大學(xué)城將完成一批大型體育綜合設(shè)施-包括運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)和體育館。據(jù)市教育部門的官員說，這些設(shè)施能承擔(dān)國(guó)際性的比賽。// Songjiang College Town,Shanghai’s first planned university community,officially opened yesterday,welcoming 5,500 freshmen from the three institutions of higher learning,that is,Shanghai International Studies University,Shanghai Institute of Foreign Trade and Lixin Accounting College.//The college town has an area of 306 hectares,of which 240 hectares will be developed for educational facilities such as the classrooms and rest for 總部地址：工農(nóng)路111號(hào)華辰大廈A座604 郵編：226000 電話：8522-0400 網(wǎng)址：004km.cn

dorms,cafeterias and stores.//The(setting-up of the)college town is to met the ducational objective that every student has an overall healthy development while studying in the town.That is,every student is given the best opportunity to grow morally,intellectually,physically and aesthetically.//Scheduled for completion at year’s end is a massive sports complex-with stadiums and gymnasium that can be used for international competitions,according to city education officials.// 口試“禮儀發(fā)言類”：

1.Your Honor Mr.Mayor,thank you very much for your extraordinary arrangements and hospitality.In the short period of the two week study tour,we have travelled much of your country.// Those were indeed exciting and unforgettable days.We have experienced the warm reception,the utmost courtesy and genuine friendship of the Chinese people.//

We have been deeply impressed by the diversity,dynamism,and progress of China under the policies of reform and opening up to the outside world.// We are glad that we are part of the dramatic process of your change from the planned economy to the market-oriented economy.The cooperative relations between our two countries have become so extensive that they have affected almost all areas of economy.//(2000,3)尊敬的市長(zhǎng)先生，感謝您的精心安排與好客。在短暫的兩周考察中，我們?cè)竭^貴國(guó)的許多地方。// 那些日子確實(shí)別人激動(dòng)，令人難忘。我們感覺到的總是中國(guó)人民的熱情接待，彬彬有禮和誠(chéng)摯友情。// 中國(guó)在改革開放政策引導(dǎo)下，氣象萬千，充滿活力，不斷進(jìn)步，這些給我們留下了極為深刻的印象。// 貴國(guó)正處于一個(gè)由計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)向市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)軌的過程，我們很高興能參加與這個(gè)富有戲劇性的轉(zhuǎn)軌過程。我們的合作關(guān)系領(lǐng)域廣闊，幾乎已涉及所有的經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域。// 2.主席先生，女士們，先生們，我宣布英特網(wǎng)服務(wù)國(guó)際研討會(huì)開幕，在此我向參加開幕式的各界來賓表示熱烈的歡迎。// 英國(guó)和澳大利亞的有關(guān)公司與專家對(duì)本次研討會(huì)的成功召開給予了很大的幫助，對(duì)此我謹(jǐn)致以誠(chéng)摯的謝意。// 總部地址：工農(nóng)路111號(hào)華辰大廈A座604 郵編：226000 電話：8522-0400 網(wǎng)址：004km.cn

海外一些發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家在推動(dòng)英特網(wǎng)服務(wù)事業(yè)方面積累了不少經(jīng)驗(yàn)，值得我們借鑒和學(xué)習(xí)，通過交流，我們可以得到更多的信息與體會(huì)。// 我相信，本次研討會(huì)對(duì)于推動(dòng)英特網(wǎng)在中國(guó)的廣泛使用具有積極的作用和深遠(yuǎn)的意義。我預(yù)祝研討會(huì)圓滿成功。// Mr.Chairman,ladies and gentlemen,I declare open the International Symposium on Internet Service.I’d like to extend a warm welcome to our guests from various circles.// I wish to express our sincere thanks to the British and Australian companies and their specialists whose generous help has made possible the successful commencement of this symposium.// Some overseas developed countries have accumulated much experience in promoting Internet service.And their experience deserves our reference and study.Through exchange,we will be able to acquire more information and knowledge.// I believe the symposium will be constructive and significant in popularizing the use of Internet service in China.I wish the symposium a complete success.//

3.我謹(jǐn)代表我們一行的全體成員，感謝董事長(zhǎng)先生的盛情邀請(qǐng)，參加你們的圣誕晚會(huì)。// 圣誕節(jié)確實(shí)是一年中的一段美好時(shí)光。圣誕團(tuán)圓晚會(huì)是人類熱情，團(tuán)結(jié)，以及奉獻(xiàn)的象征。// 今年慶祝圣誕節(jié)對(duì)我們所有人來說更有意義，因?yàn)榻衲晡覀兊暮腺Y企業(yè)的銷售有了顯著增長(zhǎng)。// 我希望我們能保持這種務(wù)實(shí)的合作關(guān)系，使明年的業(yè)績(jī)更加輝煌。讓我們共同舉杯，為明年再創(chuàng)佳績(jī)干杯。// On behalf of all the members of my group,I’d like to thank you,Mr.Chairman,for your gracious invitation for us to attend such an enjoyable Christmas party.// Christmas is really a wonderful time of a year.The christmas get-together party is symbolic of the warmth,union,and decication of mankind.// The celebration of Christmas this year is more meaningful to all of us,because our joint venture has had a remarkable sales growth this year.// 總部地址：工農(nóng)路111號(hào)華辰大廈A座604 郵編：226000 電話：8522-0400 網(wǎng)址：004km.cn

I hope we will be able to maintain this practical cooperative relationship and make the coming new year a more fruitful year.May I ask you to make a toast with me to a better business in the coming year.4.今晚，我們很高興在北京大學(xué)兩次接待我們的老朋友格林博士和夫人。//我代表學(xué)校的全體師生員工向格林博士和夫人以及其他新西蘭貴賓表示熱烈歡迎。//我相信格林博士這次對(duì)我校的訪問，必將為進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)兩校的友好合作關(guān)系作出重要的貢獻(xiàn)。//明天，貴賓們將要赴南京和上海訪問，我預(yù)祝大家一路旅途愉快。// It gives us great pleasure to play host tonight to our old friends,Dr.and Mrs.Green in Beijing University once again.//On behalf of the faculty ,students and staff of the university ,I wish to extend our warm welcome to Dr.and Mrs.Green and other distinguished New Zealand guests.//I am convinced that Dr.Green’s current visit to our university will surely make an important contribution to further strengthening the friendly relations and cooperation between our two countries.//Our distinguished guests will leave for Nanjing and Shanghai tomorrow.I wish you all a pleasant journey.// 要翻促進(jìn)發(fā)展，一律promote development；要翻許多，通通many。諸如此類的詞匯，被筆者稱之為“濫詞”，即被用到泛濫的詞匯。

如果是追求反應(yīng)速度和效率的口譯部分，這樣的譯文當(dāng)然沒有問題?？墒窃跁r(shí)間充裕的筆譯部分，這樣的簡(jiǎn)單詞匯無疑會(huì)令譯文質(zhì)量打上折扣。至少，無法讓閱卷人眼前一亮，難獲高分。

出于對(duì)以上問題的考慮，筆者總結(jié)了中高級(jí)口譯考試漢英翻譯題中出現(xiàn)頻率最高的30個(gè)常用單詞/詞組的替換方案，以期幫助同學(xué)在短時(shí)間內(nèi)積累一定的亮點(diǎn)詞匯。

需要提醒同學(xué)們注意的有兩點(diǎn)。一是各個(gè)亮點(diǎn)詞匯絕不是被替換詞的同義詞，不可胡亂使用，其具體用法請(qǐng)自行查閱詞典。如waste的替換詞中，squander是動(dòng)詞，luxurious是形容詞，用法完全不同。二是建議同學(xué)在此基礎(chǔ)上繼續(xù)自行積累，多多益善，方能在考場(chǎng)上厚積薄發(fā)。（1）give給，提供

offer，supply，provide，furnish，distribute，allocate（2）get得到

receive/accept，gain，acquire，obtain，attain，earn（3）many/much/a lot of/lots of許多 a large number of，a multitude of，plenty of an enormous amount/huge amounts of，a great/good deal of（4）poor貧窮的

poverty-stricken，destitute，impoverished（5）rich富有的

wealthy，well off，affluent，prosperous（6）certainly一定

inevitable，unavoidable，be doomed to，be bound to 總部地址：工農(nóng)路111號(hào)華辰大廈A座604 郵編：226000 電話：8522-0400 網(wǎng)址：004km.cn

（7）all所有，全部

universal，widespread，prevalent，whole，entire（8）enough足夠

ample，sufficient，adequate（9）show顯示，展現(xiàn)

indicate，demonstrate，illustrate，suggest，display，showcase（10）risk/danger危險(xiǎn)

hazard，peril，jeopardize，endanger，menace（11）way方法，辦法，手段

measure，method，means，approach（12）catch，attractive吸引，有吸引力的 obsess，immerse，fascinate，enchant charming，inviting，alluring，appealing（13）harm/damage破壞（的），有害（的）

destructive，devastating，detrimental，undermine（14）useful/helpful有用的

effective，practical，valuable，invaluable，conducive（15）great/wonderful偉大的

incredible，amazing，sublime，extraordinary，magnificent，glorious（16）try，effort努力

endeavor，strive to do sth/for sth（17）famous著名的

well-known，celebrated，noted，eminent，renowned（18）difficulty困難，困境

adversity，hardship，plight，predicament setback，hurdle，obstacle（19）focus on集中 center on，concentrate on（20）so所以

consequently，therefore，as a result（21）because因?yàn)?/p>

as a result of；attribute/ascribe A to B（22）press(ure)壓力

place/put a(heavy)burden on；strain（23）about大約

approximately，roughly（24）cooperate合作

Collaborate，join hands in doing sth（25）waste浪費(fèi)（的）Squander，fritter，luxurious（26）save/economical節(jié)約（的）Thrifty，conserve 總部地址：工農(nóng)路111號(hào)華辰大廈A座604 郵編：226000 電話：8522-0400 網(wǎng)址：004km.cn

（27）develop發(fā)展

Thrive，evolve，burgeon（28）promote促進(jìn)

Boost，give a boost to，accelerate（29）delay，postpone暫緩，延期 shelve（30）deal with應(yīng)對(duì)，處理

Cope w ith，grapple with，address，tackle 需要提醒同學(xué)們注意的有兩點(diǎn)。一是各個(gè)亮點(diǎn)詞匯絕不是被替換詞的同義詞，不可胡亂使用，其具體用法請(qǐng)自行查閱詞典。如choose/choice的替換詞中，opt是動(dòng)詞，alternative是名詞，用法完全不同。

二是建議同學(xué)在此基礎(chǔ)上繼續(xù)自行積累，多多益善，方能在考場(chǎng)上厚積薄發(fā)。

31、Increase增加

Hike，soar；multiply

32、Reduce減少

Lower，Shrink，slash，trim

33、brave勇敢的，大膽的Audacious，bold

34、careful謹(jǐn)慎的，仔細(xì)的Cautious；meticulous；vigilant

35、interest興趣

intrigue

36、sad悲傷，哀痛

lament for/over，mourn

37、happy，glad高興，快樂

delighted

38、replace代替

Substitute，supplant

39、want想要

be eager/keen/anxious to do，long/yearn for sth/to do sth，desire for，aspire to do sth 40、ability能力，才能

Capacity，capability；flair，talent

41、ease減輕，減緩，減弱

Alleviate；relieve；wane

42、plan計(jì)劃

strategy，program，scheme，work/figure out

43、understand理解

Fathom，grasp

44、people人民

citizen，general public，average/ordinary people

45、cause導(dǎo)致，引起

lead to；result in；lead to；give rise to；trigger；contribute to sth 總部地址：工農(nóng)路111號(hào)華辰大廈A座604 郵編：226000 電話：8522-0400 網(wǎng)址：004km.cn

arouse，inspire，spur

46、come from源自于

originate/stem/spring/derive from

47、choose/choice選擇

Opt for/to do；alternative

48、fight against打擊，斗爭(zhēng)

Counter，Battle against；Crack down on；clamp down(hard)on

49、suffer from遭受

Endure，be plagued by，be subject to；be vulnerable to 50、face面對(duì)

Confront；be confronted with；brave

51、Different不同，差異

Distinct，separate；at odds with

52、same相同，相等，一致

Identical，equivalent，be consistent with，tally with

53、criticize批評(píng)

Lambast；slam sb for doing sth

54、strength加強(qiáng)，強(qiáng)化

Intensify；cement

55、change改變，變化，改動(dòng)

Alter，vary；adjust

56、organization組織，單位

Outfit

57、prevent/stop阻止，禁止

forbid，prohibit，hinder，curb

58、begin/start開始，著手

embark on；launch，initiate

59、finish/complete完成

accomplish，fulfill，achieve，complete 60、completely/fully完全，十足，徹底

Entirely，thoroughly，utterly，outright

總部地址：工農(nóng)路111號(hào)華辰大廈A座604 郵編：226000 10

電話：8522-0400

004km.cn 網(wǎng)址：

第四篇：中級(jí)口譯詞匯

第二單元接待口譯 Interpreting for Reception Service 2-1 機(jī)場(chǎng)迎賓 Greeting at the Airport

人力資源部經(jīng)理：manager of Human Resources.Top-notch: 頂尖的 能夠成行：make it

不辭辛苦：in spite of the tiring trip 百忙中抽空：take time from busy schedule

run into a storm:下暴雨 Be held up: 耽擱

clear up:天氣轉(zhuǎn)好

Attending service：服務(wù)倒時(shí)差：get over the jet-lag 行李齊了：get all the luggage

下榻賓館：take sb.to the hotel 設(shè)宴洗塵：host a reception in one’s honor

總裁：chairman 雜技表演：acrobatic show 2-2 賓館入住 Hotel Accommodation

Check-in: 登記住宿預(yù)定房間：have a reservation with 確認(rèn)函：confirmation letter

travel agency：旅行社 Itinerary：行程表

accommodation：住宿雙人間：double room

豪華套房：a deluxe suite 8折優(yōu)惠價(jià)：have a good rate with 20% off

morning cal：:叫醒 Photo-copy：復(fù)印

express mail：快遞郵件總臺(tái)：Front desk

餐飲部：Catering Service 洗熨部：Laundry Service

樓層服務(wù)臺(tái)：Floor Service Desk Fitness exercise：健身教練：coach 2-3 宴會(huì)招待 Banquet Service 敬業(yè)（的專家）：dedicated（experts）

contribute one’s share：盡了…責(zé)任 Maneuver ：機(jī)動(dòng)，演習(xí)，策略，調(diào)遣大自然所賜予的：Mother Nature grant us Cuisine：菜系色，香，味，形：color，aroma,taste,appearance食物的質(zhì)地：raw materials with quality texture

調(diào)料：seasonings

原汁原味：original flavor

appetizing：引起食欲的

特色點(diǎn)心：special snack

酸甜適口：a sweet and sour sauce 皮薄汁醇：with thin and translucent wrappers and rish tasty soup.皮脆肉嫩：(with a)crispy skin and tender meat

figure out：想出好戲還在后頭：have more surprises to expect

祝酒：drink to(the health)of sb.干杯：cheers 2-4 參觀訪問 Getting Around

高科技園區(qū)：High-Tech Park

業(yè)務(wù)經(jīng)理：operation manager 鳥瞰：take a bird’s eye view of

言歸正傳：come back to story 走馬觀花：cast a passing glance at flowers while riding on horsehack 顯目審批權(quán)：be authorized to approve projects(with)優(yōu)惠政策：preferential policies 與國(guó)際管理體制接軌：operate under the management system of international standards

跨國(guó)公司：multinationals

骨干企業(yè)：enterprises of pillar industries 生物技術(shù)：biotechnology

高技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈：high-tech industry chains 一條龍服務(wù)：a stream –lined one-stop service

生態(tài)型開發(fā)：ecological conservation 可持續(xù)發(fā)展：sustainable development

綠草成茵：boasts stretches of green grass 流水潺潺：streams murmuring

鳥兒啁啾：birds chirping 四季花香：fragrant flowers blossoming all year round 安保服務(wù)：security service 第三單元會(huì)談口譯 Interpreting Conversations 3-1 歡迎光臨 Welcome

郵電：post and telecommunications

感到驕傲和榮幸：be proud and honored 海外部主任：directory of the company’s Overseas Department Gracious invitation：友好邀請(qǐng)

distinguished group；杰出的人士寄托：high expectation

外賓專用別墅：villas for overseas visitors Look over the seas：面向大海字面意思：means literally 國(guó)際機(jī)票：international flights

school break：假期

3-2 投資意向 A Wish to Invest

Share my thoughts with you：我想告訴你我的想法

foreign firm：外國(guó)公司 Investment destination：投資目的地翻了兩番：has quadrupled 投資熱：investment boom

沿海地區(qū)：coastal city

全面對(duì)外開放：open the whole country up to the outside world

內(nèi)地：country’s interior areas

有利可圖：find it more profitable(to)I’m all ears to…我愿聞其詳最大限度：maximizes the strengths of 發(fā)揮有關(guān)雙方的優(yōu)勢(shì)：both parties concerned

幅員遼闊：massive land

稅收：taxation

消費(fèi)者市場(chǎng)：consumer marker 誘人的投資政策：attractive investment policies

基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施：infrastructure

資金：fund

管理知識(shí)：managerial expertise 研究資料：literature（research data）

enlightening：茅塞頓開

合資/獨(dú)資企業(yè)：joint venture/establish a business independently

Consultant：顧問

3-3 合資企業(yè) Establishing a Joint Venture

Cordless/mobile phones：無繩電話/移動(dòng)電話投資意向：investment proposal

明智的：wise

制造公司：manufacturing company Persuasive：有說服力的express train：快車 Potential market：潛力市場(chǎng)

initially：起初階段 Embark on：開始，從事

in the vicinity of：左右 at a moderate rate and a safe scale：一個(gè)穩(wěn)定的速度和規(guī)模投資比重：how much would be your share of investment

利潤(rùn)分配：distribution in profit share

權(quán)益關(guān)系：investment partnership 營(yíng)銷：marketing of

外匯儲(chǔ)備：foreign exchange reserve(for)天晴還需防雨天：for the rainy day

convertible currency：可兌換的貨幣 The term of our partnership：合作期限

the boarding of directors：董事會(huì)正合吾意:that coincides with our unsual practice

the rewarding day：收獲很大的一天 3-4 文化差異 Cultural Differences

Settle down：定居

for good ：永久

奧斯卡最佳影片獎(jiǎng)：the Oscar for the best picture

first and foremost：首先 Long-stemmed rose：長(zhǎng)莖的玫瑰

vigor and vitality：勃勃生機(jī) Film poster：電影海報(bào)

make sense：理解舉例說明：offer sb.Some examples

originality：獨(dú)創(chuàng)性

Give priority to：放在首位

altruistic dedication：無私奉獻(xiàn)

Seminar：研討會(huì)

respond instantaneously：隨時(shí)回答 Be obsessed with：喜歡做…

working ethic：工作理念 Individual-oriented：個(gè)人主義

moral autonomy：道德自治觀 Confucianism：儒家學(xué)說

sing high praises：高度贊揚(yáng) Uplift：優(yōu)良品德

communal harmony：整體和諧 Take precedence over：高于

global integration：全球一體化 Go bowling：打保齡球

the Peony Pavilion:牡丹亭Broadway：百老匯 第四單元訪談口譯 Interpreting Interviews 4-1 行在美國(guó) Travel in America

由汽車驅(qū)動(dòng)的國(guó)家：a country driven by automoblies據(jù)說：it is said that

夸張的說法：an exaggergation

correct observation：正確的說法 Way of life：生活方式

drive-in bank：免下車銀行

International driver’s license ：國(guó)際駕車執(zhí)照行車限速：speed limit Federal expressway：州際高速公路

minimum/maximum speed：最大/最小限速出公差：visit on a business trip

租車服務(wù)業(yè)：car rental service 付款方式：pay for my rental service

credit card：信用卡 MasterCard：萬事達(dá)

Visa：威薩

American Express：美國(guó)運(yùn)通

deposit：押金

Special offer：優(yōu)惠價(jià)

passenger rail service：客運(yùn)火車 Greyhound：灰狗長(zhǎng)途汽車公司

monthly pass：月票

Long distance coach：長(zhǎng)途汽車

regulate price：統(tǒng)一的票價(jià) Lower rates：更低的價(jià)格不盡人意：be not desirable shuttle/commuter flight:穿梭班段/短程定期往返飛機(jī) subway：地鐵 cab/cabby：出租車

Yellow Pages：黃頁(yè) telephone directory：電話號(hào)碼薄 4-2 艾滋哀之 The AIDS Epodemic Nobel Prize winner：諾貝爾獲得者

microbiology：微生物學(xué)家 AIDS epidenmic：艾滋病流行

plague：瘟疫

On an international acale：從國(guó)際范圍

leading cause：致命病因 HIV-positive：HIV陽(yáng)性

imperil：威脅，危及 Be infected with：感染

orphan：孤兒

Significant impact：重大影響

put in place：推出 homosexually transmitted disease：同性戀傳播疾病 ultimate solution：最終解決方法 massive educational campaign：大規(guī)模教育活動(dòng)

self-defeating：自暴自棄 the only thing conceivable：唯一行之有效的手段調(diào)查結(jié)果：survey 隔離：quarantine

virus：病毒

Totally futile：竹籃打水一場(chǎng)空強(qiáng)制性化驗(yàn)：mandatory testing Better off doing sth.：最好做…

interpret symptoms：了解癥狀 Reveals its presence through：經(jīng)由…而發(fā)病 4-3 經(jīng)營(yíng)之道 Business Management

Business communication style：商務(wù)溝通方式

work ethic：職業(yè)倫理

Prospective business contact：與之打交道的商人

time-consuming：耗時(shí)冗長(zhǎng)的

第五篇：中級(jí)口譯練習(xí)題

新東方口譯：http://edu.21cn.com/kcnet440/

中級(jí)口譯練習(xí)題

SECTION 3: TRANSLATION TEST(1)(30 minutes)

Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.A majority of the world’s climate scientists have convinced themselves, and also a lot of laymen, some of whom have political power, that the Earth’s climate is changing;that the change, from humanity’s point of view, is for the worse;and that the cause is human activity, in the form of excessive emissions of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide.世界上大多數(shù)氣候科學(xué)家不但自己確信，也說服了很多外行人士（其中包括一些政界人士）--地球的氣候正在改變；這種改變，從人類角度來看，是消極的；這種改變的始作俑者是人類，是由于排放超量的諸如二氧化碳等溫室氣體而造成的。

A minority, though, are sceptical.Some think that recent data suggesting the Earth’s average temperature is rising are explained by natural variations in solar radiation, and that this trend may be coming to an end.Others argue that there is no conclusive evidence that modern temperatures are higher than they used to be.少數(shù)人對(duì)此表示懷疑。一些人認(rèn)為，最近有充分的數(shù)據(jù)表明地球平均氣溫上升是由于太陽(yáng)輻射的自然波動(dòng)，而且這種變化已接近尾聲。另一些人認(rèn)為并沒有決定性證據(jù)表明近現(xiàn)代的地球溫度高于古代。

We believe that global warming is a serious threat, and that the world needs to take steps to try to avert it.That is the job of the politicians.But we do not believe that climate change is a certainty.There are no certainties in science.Prevailing theories must be constantly tested against evidence, and more evidence collected, and the theories tested again.That is the job of the scientists.我們深信，全球氣候變暖是一個(gè)嚴(yán)峻的威脅，全人類都需要采取行動(dòng)改變這種狀況--這是政治家的職責(zé)。但是我們并不認(rèn)為氣候變化已成定局?？茖W(xué)無絕對(duì)。流行的理論必須反復(fù)經(jīng)過驗(yàn)證，才能下定論—這是科學(xué)家的工作。【解析】

本次中口英譯漢的文章節(jié)選自《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人》（The Economist）網(wǎng)站2009年11月26日的文章A heated debate，配合當(dāng)時(shí)的哥本哈根氣候大會(huì)，屬于事實(shí)熱點(diǎn)，文字難度偏低。

第一段里的laymen是一個(gè)難點(diǎn)，這里的laymen是指不具有專業(yè)科學(xué)知識(shí)的外行，其中還包括政治家。另外，后文的“for the worse”表示“事情在向壞的方面發(fā)展”。

第二段，有第一句統(tǒng)攝，后面分述兩種情況，并列關(guān)系需要發(fā)出來，沒有太多難點(diǎn)。

第三段給出了報(bào)刊自己的觀點(diǎn)，分別對(duì)政治家和科學(xué)家提出了期望。倒數(shù)第二段翻譯被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，需要注意，表達(dá)時(shí)要符合漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣。SECTION 4: TRANSLATION TEST(2)(30 minutes)

Directions: Translate the following passage into English and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.1 新東方口譯：http://edu.21cn.com/kcnet440/

豫園是上海著名的古典園林，已有400多年的歷史?；▓@設(shè)計(jì)獨(dú)特，具有明清兩代南方的建筑藝術(shù)的風(fēng)格。園內(nèi)共有40余景，景色自然迷人，亭臺(tái)樓閣、假山池塘和諧對(duì)稱、協(xié)調(diào)均衡，其布局之精致自古聞名江南。

Renowned as a classical garden in Shanghai, the Yuyuan Garden dates back over 400 years.Its unique design is characterized by the styles of both the Ming and Qing Dynasties, which features the ancient southern architectures.The garden is dotted with 40 attractive scenic spots fascinating the tourists with its pavilions, pagodas, ponds and rockeries.The layout of the garden, which is harmoniously coordinated, has been earning the fame in South China for its delicacy since ancient times.豫園原為明代一位大官的私家花園，始建于1559年，直到20年后才建成。此后曾幾經(jīng)變遷，屢遭摧殘。所幸的是，從1949年上海解放時(shí)，園內(nèi)的主要景點(diǎn)尚完好無損。從1956年開始，豫園經(jīng)過多次修繕，重現(xiàn)其昔日光彩。

The garden used to be the private garden of a prestigious government official in the Ming Dynasty.Founded in 1559, its construction was not completed until 20 years later.The vicissitudes and ravages ensued.Fortunately, the major scenic spots in the garden remained intact when Shanghai was liberated in 1949.The Yuyuan Garden managed to attain its rejuvenation after several renovations.【解析】

本段是典型的對(duì)外宣傳材料，文章以短句為主，很有漢語(yǔ)的音律美。面對(duì)這類文章，我們應(yīng)從意群出發(fā)，擺脫句式結(jié)構(gòu)的限制。這樣才能寫出符合英文習(xí)慣的譯文。

例如：“園內(nèi)共有40余景，景色自然迷人，亭臺(tái)樓閣、假山池塘、和諧對(duì)稱、協(xié)調(diào)均衡，其布局之精致自古聞名江南?！?，這里的四字短語(yǔ)，如果逐字逐句翻譯的話，就不太好處理了。譯文將其處理成兩個(gè)句子，利用英語(yǔ)的句子成分使語(yǔ)義豐滿，這種翻譯技法，大家可以借鑒學(xué)習(xí)。2011年3月中級(jí)口譯英譯漢原文和參考答案

A majority of the world’s climate scientists have convinced themselves, and also a lot of laymen, some of whom have political power, that the Earth’s climate is changing;that the change, from humanity’s point of view, is for the worse;and that the cause is human activity, in the form of excessive emissions of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide.世界上大部分氣候?qū)W家已經(jīng)使他們自己及許多普通民眾（包括一些政界人士）確信，地球的氣候正處于變化之中；對(duì)人類而言，這一變化正日趨嚴(yán)重；罪魁禍?zhǔn)资侨祟惢顒?dòng)，其表現(xiàn)形式為過量排放二氧化碳之類的溫室氣體。

A minority, though, are sceptical.Some think that recent data suggesting the Earth’s average temperature is rising are explained by natural variations in solar radiation, and that this trend may be coming to an end.Others argue that there is no conclusive evidence that modern temperatures are higher than they used to be.但是，仍有一小部分人對(duì)此持懷疑態(tài)度。一些人表示，雖然近期的數(shù)據(jù)表明地球的平均氣溫正在升高，但其原因是太陽(yáng)輻射的自然波動(dòng)，這一趨勢(shì)可能臨近結(jié)束。另一些人認(rèn)為并沒有決定性證據(jù)表明近現(xiàn)代的地球溫度高于古代。

新東方口譯：http://edu.21cn.com/kcnet440/

we believe that global warming is a serious threat, and that the world needs to take steps to try to avert it.That is the job of the politicians.But we do not believe that climate change is a certainty.There are no certainties in science.Prevailing theories must be constantly tested against evidence, and more evidence collected, and the theories tested again.That is the job of the scientists.我們認(rèn)為，全球變暖是人類面臨的嚴(yán)重威脅，世界各國(guó)需要采取措施，竭力避免這一問題。這是政治家的職責(zé)。但是我們也相信氣候變化并不是必然的。科學(xué)無絕對(duì)。盛行的理論必須不斷得到實(shí)際證據(jù)的檢驗(yàn)。一旦搜集到了新的證據(jù)，就需要進(jìn)行再次驗(yàn)證。這是科學(xué)家的任務(wù)。

SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST(45 minutes)Part A: Spot Dictation

Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it.Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape.Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE.My topic for today’s lecture is communication, culture and work.When most people use the word culture, they think of people from different national backgrounds.National cultures certainly do exist and they play an important role in shaping the way people communicate, but there are other dimensions of culture too.Within a nation, regional differences can exert a powerful influence on communication.New Yorkers and Alaskans may find one another’s styles of behaving so different that they might as well be from different countries.Race and ethnicity can also shape behavior.So can age.The customs, values and attitudes of a twenty-year-old girl may vary radically from those of her parents who were raised in the 1960s or her grandparents who lived through the Great Depression and World War Ⅱ.Still, other differences can create distinctive cultures.Gender, sexual orientation, physical disabilities, religion and socio-economic background are just a few.All of these factors lead to a definition of culture as a set of values, beliefs, norms, customs, rules and codes that lead people to define themselves as a distinct group, giving them a sense of commonality.It’s important to realize that culture is learned, not innate.A Korean-born infant adopted soon after her birth by American parents and raised in the United States will think and act differently than his or her cousins who grew up in Seoul.An African American who grew up in the inner city will view the world differently than he or she would if raised in the suburbs or in a country like France where African heritage has different significance than it does in the United States.The norms and values we learn as part of our cultural conditioning shape the way we view the world and the way we interact with one another.In short, culture has such an overwhelming influence on communication that famous anthropologist Edward Hall once remarked, ‘culture is communication and communication is culture.’ 【解析】

作為中口筆試聽力第一題Spot Dictation，考試選用了文化題材的內(nèi)容，考生對(duì)此類型題材應(yīng)該并不陌生，但若不集中注意力，也會(huì)比較難把握文章的層次。

全文圍繞關(guān)鍵信息“other dimensions of culture”，字面意思是其他的文化維度，指的是除國(guó)籍外其他造成文化差異的因素。

文章首先給出紐約人和阿拉斯加人在交流過程中行事風(fēng)格不同的例子，提出了地域性差異造成文化差異的概念。而后補(bǔ)充道不同人種和種族同樣是形成文化交流差異的因素，緊接著文章便通過老中青三代人不同的思想意識(shí)觀念的例子拋出了另外一個(gè)關(guān)鍵隱私——年齡。新東方口譯：http://edu.21cn.com/kcnet440/

文章還提出了一個(gè)較傳統(tǒng)觀念所不同的觀點(diǎn)，It’s important to realize that culture is learned, not innate，即文化差異并非與生俱來，而是通過后天環(huán)境的影響逐漸形成的。韓裔和非裔美國(guó)人的例子說明了這一點(diǎn)。