第一篇：解析《飄》中斯嘉麗的女性主義思想在其婚姻中的體現(xiàn)

英語(yǔ)專業(yè)全英原創(chuàng)畢業(yè)論文，是近期寫作，公布的題目可以用于免費(fèi)參考（貢獻(xiàn)者ID 有提示）

最新英語(yǔ)專業(yè)全英原創(chuàng)畢業(yè)論文，都是近期寫作 中西服飾文化差異對(duì)語(yǔ)言的影響 《威尼斯商人》中夏洛克與《失樂(lè)園》中的撒旦的反叛者形象比較 3 《睡谷的傳說(shuō)》中理想與現(xiàn)實(shí)的矛盾 4 英文歌曲名稱翻譯淺析 5 裘德悲劇成因的分析 6 愛(ài)倫坡哥特式小說(shuō)探析 7 論《寵兒》中的象征意象 8 合作原則與關(guān)聯(lián)理論比較 目的論指導(dǎo)下的化妝品品牌翻譯 An Eco-Critical Approach to Moby Dick 11 從《傲慢與偏見(jiàn)》看現(xiàn)代愛(ài)情觀 中西方災(zāi)難新聞差異性研究-文化與傳媒 13 The Environmental Influence on Emily Bront? and “Wuthering Heights” 14 從三美原則看中國(guó)古詩(shī)詞中酒意象的英譯 15 英語(yǔ)影視的課堂價(jià)值 16 中西問(wèn)候語(yǔ)差異對(duì)比 A Brief Discussion on Creative Treason in Poetry Translation—Based on the Chinese Versions of The Isles of Greece 18 淺談?dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)廣告的特點(diǎn)及翻譯 20 旅游資料翻譯中文化因素的處理 從女性主義視角分析《純真年代》中兩位女主人公的不同愛(ài)情觀 22 中西文化差異在家庭教育中的體現(xiàn) 23 簡(jiǎn)析《日常用品》中的矛盾沖突 語(yǔ)法翻譯法視角下的中學(xué)生英語(yǔ)家教輔導(dǎo) 福克納對(duì)女性形象的塑造—以《獻(xiàn)給艾米麗的玫瑰》和《士兵的報(bào)酬》為例 26 從女性角度分析《喧嘩與騷動(dòng)》中的墮落與升華 27 從功能翻譯理論看《功夫熊貓》電影字幕翻譯 The Differences of Beauty Standards Between China and America 29 探析《瑪莎?奎斯特》中瑪莎性格的根源 Cultivation of Students’ Autonomy in Listening in Junior High School 31 On Moral Characters in The Picture of Dorian Gray 32 A Study of Expressionism in Winesburg, Ohio 33 論外國(guó)文化在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中的重要性

A Comparative Study on Lin Daiyu and Xue Baochai 35 解讀《小鎮(zhèn)畸人》中三位畸形女性 36 淺析新聞?dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)中模糊語(yǔ)言的運(yùn)用

An Interpretation of A Tale of Two Cities from the Perspective of Symbolism 38 On the Chinese Loanwords from English 39 英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言中的性別歧視

通過(guò)小說(shuō)《紫色》分析沃克的婦女主義思想

A Comparative Study of Cultural Connotations of Yellow and Huang in English and Chinese 英語(yǔ)專業(yè)全英原創(chuàng)畢業(yè)論文，是近期寫作，公布的題目可以用于免費(fèi)參考（貢獻(xiàn)者ID 有提示）

目的論視角下旅游景區(qū)公示語(yǔ)誤譯的研究

從《看得見(jiàn)風(fēng)景的房間》看女性身份的遺失和找尋 44 淺析《道林?格雷的畫像》中的女性形象 45 論英漢數(shù)字習(xí)語(yǔ)的差異及翻譯 46 英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中的跨文化意識(shí)的培養(yǎng) 47 從瑪氏公司看英美文化對(duì)廣告的影響 48 淺談《舊約》中女性的形象和地位

淺析《動(dòng)物莊園》中極權(quán)主義形成的必然性

A Comparison of Values between China and the West 51 American Country Music 52 傳播學(xué)視角下的影視字幕翻譯研究—以美劇《復(fù)仇》為例 53 英國(guó)哥特小說(shuō)故事情節(jié)中的怪誕表現(xiàn) 54 從文化差異角度看英漢習(xí)語(yǔ)的翻譯

論《最危險(xiǎn)的游戲》中的生態(tài)倫理混亂 56 文化因素對(duì)品牌翻譯的影響 57 仿擬在商業(yè)廣告中的應(yīng)用

從《勸導(dǎo)》看簡(jiǎn)奧斯汀創(chuàng)作思想的發(fā)展 59 跨文化商務(wù)談判中的語(yǔ)用原則分析

愛(ài)麗斯沃克小說(shuō)《紫色》的婦女主義話語(yǔ) 61 論《飄》中思嘉麗的性格特征

論《傲慢與偏見(jiàn)》中婚姻選擇的經(jīng)濟(jì)動(dòng)因

適者生存—解讀《野性的呼喚》中的“生命的法則” 64 《虹》中的女性婚姻觀淺析

英雄的成長(zhǎng)-對(duì)《指環(huán)王》主人公弗羅多的分析 66 論《殺死一只知更鳥》的成長(zhǎng)主題

從《一間自己的房間》看弗吉尼亞?伍爾夫的女性主義 68 論文化對(duì)詞語(yǔ)內(nèi)涵意義的影響 69 文化與幽默欣賞

關(guān)于戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)對(duì)英語(yǔ)習(xí)語(yǔ)的影響的研究

《威尼斯商人》中的關(guān)鍵社會(huì)元素——莎士比亞心中的烏托邦社會(huì) 72 中醫(yī)術(shù)語(yǔ)翻譯方法研究

A Cross-Cultural Study on Linguistic Taboo 74 邊緣人群的孤獨(dú)與無(wú)奈——對(duì)《夜訪吸血鬼》中路易斯的研究 75 論網(wǎng)絡(luò)自主學(xué)習(xí)與英語(yǔ)課堂教學(xué)的契合 76 歐?亨利短篇小說(shuō)中的美式幽默風(fēng)格的翻譯 77 論中美商務(wù)談判風(fēng)格的差異 78 產(chǎn)品說(shuō)明書的翻譯技巧

An Analysis of The Woman Warrior from the Perspective of Construction of Discrete Identity in Chinese American Community 80 A Cultural Analysis of English and Chinese Names 81 男女二元等級(jí)對(duì)立的顛覆－－《奧蘭多》之女性主義解讀 82 論概念隱喻視角下的隱喻翻譯 83 培根《論讀書》多種譯本的比較

English Vocabulary Teaching in Junior Middle School 英語(yǔ)專業(yè)全英原創(chuàng)畢業(yè)論文，是近期寫作，公布的題目可以用于免費(fèi)參考（貢獻(xiàn)者ID 有提示）

《麥琪的禮物》的敘事技巧分析

淺析《獻(xiàn)給艾米莉的玫瑰》中漸漸消失的玫瑰 87 合作教學(xué)理論在初中英語(yǔ)閱讀中的運(yùn)用 88 Foreign Brands Translated in Chinese 89 Cultural Differences in Business Negotiations: East and West 90 廣告英語(yǔ)修辭特點(diǎn)及其翻譯

從多視角比較《論讀書》的兩個(gè)譯本 92 《追風(fēng)箏的人》中阿米爾的性格分析 93 試析威廉布萊克和他的《老虎》 94 合作原則在《傲慢與偏見(jiàn)》中的運(yùn)用 95 試論用英語(yǔ)電影進(jìn)行英語(yǔ)文化教學(xué) 96 英語(yǔ)廣告中的禮貌原則

方言電視節(jié)目收視群體特點(diǎn)及社會(huì)影響分析 98 英語(yǔ)廣告的語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)

中西方文學(xué)作品中復(fù)仇的異同——《基督山伯爵》和《連城訣》比較研究 100 跨文化交際中的中西方時(shí)間觀念 101 英漢基本顏色文化內(nèi)涵對(duì)比

商務(wù)談判口譯的語(yǔ)用失誤的成因及負(fù)面影響對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)的啟示

The Application of Cohesive Devices in Chinese-English Translation of Chinese Literary Works 104 淺析《兒子與情人》中扭曲的人物關(guān)系 105 身勢(shì)語(yǔ)在基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中的應(yīng)用

學(xué)生英譯漢翻譯中的英式漢語(yǔ)及其改進(jìn)方式

An Analysis of Youth Subculture through the Movie－－Trainspotting 108 小學(xué)英語(yǔ)單詞情趣教學(xué)初探

A Comparative Study of Feminism in Jane Eyre and Wuthering Heights 110 奴隸制下的壓迫與愛(ài)——淺析托尼?莫里森的《寵兒》

A Thousand Splendid Suns: from the Perspective of Initiation Story 112 任務(wù)型教學(xué)過(guò)程及其在初中英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中的應(yīng)用 113 《遠(yuǎn)大前程》中皮普的心路歷程 114 論《簡(jiǎn)愛(ài)》中的經(jīng)濟(jì)意識(shí)

《基督山伯爵》中大仲馬性格的顯現(xiàn)及其對(duì)主人公言語(yǔ)行為的影響 116 Application of Foregrounding Theory to Translation of Simile and Metaphor 117 論中美日常交際的文化差異 118 英語(yǔ)動(dòng)畫片中的中國(guó)元素探究

從傳播美學(xué)分析國(guó)內(nèi)暢銷知名化妝品廣告中的譯文 120 An Analysis of the Translation of Film Titles 121 等值理論視閾下的英漢廣告翻譯 122 《推銷員之死》中的反英雄主義

英語(yǔ)環(huán)境的營(yíng)造對(duì)中學(xué)生英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的影響 124 英語(yǔ)專業(yè)本科畢業(yè)論文摘要的體裁分析

對(duì)《傲慢與偏見(jiàn)》中女主人公伊麗莎白的嘗試性分析 126 廣告英語(yǔ)中雙關(guān)語(yǔ)的翻譯 127 英語(yǔ)電影片名漢譯研究 英語(yǔ)專業(yè)全英原創(chuàng)畢業(yè)論文，是近期寫作，公布的題目可以用于免費(fèi)參考（貢獻(xiàn)者ID 有提示）

Oscar Wilde’s Aestheticism on The Picture of Dorian Gray 129 跨文化非言語(yǔ)交際失誤分析

從《紫色》中的意象看黑人女性身份的自我重塑 131 英漢顏色詞文化內(nèi)涵的異同分析 132 中英文商標(biāo)翻譯的問(wèn)題及其解決方法 133 中英習(xí)語(yǔ)文化異同及其翻譯

論高中英語(yǔ)寫作教學(xué)中的文化意識(shí)培養(yǎng) 135 淺析哈代筆下經(jīng)典女性苔絲和蘇的人物形象 136 英漢稱謂語(yǔ)對(duì)比研究

Roger Chillingworth in The Scarlet Letter Viewed from the Humanistic Perspective 138 唯美主義在道連格雷變化中的體現(xiàn) 139 論英語(yǔ)廣告的語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)

《麥田里的守望者》的原型分析

A Comparative Analysis of Jane Eyre’s Chinese Renditions in Different Periods 142 論英文電影片名翻譯方法的應(yīng)用

Pronunciation Problems in English Language Teaching 144 對(duì)比分析英式英語(yǔ)和美式英語(yǔ)的區(qū)別

The Transcultural Differences in the Translation of Commercial Advertisements 146 Analysis on Ambiguity in The Scarlet Letter 147 從阿里巴巴BB電子商務(wù)平臺(tái)論中小企業(yè)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)

癡情動(dòng)因的解析——《一個(gè)陌生女人的來(lái)信》的精神分析

An Analysis of American Dream－－A Case Study of The Great Gatsby 150 外貿(mào)合同中介詞的用法與翻譯

151 The Weakness of Human Nature in Gulliver’s Travels 152 美國(guó)總統(tǒng)就職演說(shuō)中隱喻的語(yǔ)用功能分析 153 對(duì)美國(guó)個(gè)人主義和中國(guó)集體主義的一些討論

154 Pragmatic Study on the Humor Effect in The Big Bang Theory 155 商務(wù)英語(yǔ)中含蓄否定句的研究 156 論英語(yǔ)委婉語(yǔ)的構(gòu)成與翻譯

157 A Study on Problems and Solutions to JEFC Teaching under Multi-level Modes 158 通過(guò)《蠅王》看人性

159 英漢視覺(jué)動(dòng)詞概念隱喻的對(duì)比研究

160 A Study on the Effects of Phonetics in JEFC Teaching 161 唐詩(shī)宋詞中顏色意象的研究及其翻譯

162 論影視字幕翻譯的特點(diǎn)及應(yīng)注意的方面——以美劇絕望主婦為題材 163 名詞化隱喻在外貿(mào)函電中的功能分析 164 語(yǔ)法型課堂和交流型課堂的整體研究

165 模糊數(shù)詞在英語(yǔ)習(xí)語(yǔ)中的構(gòu)成形式及其修辭功能 166 跨文化商務(wù)談判中的文化差異及應(yīng)對(duì)技巧 167 名詞化隱喻在外貿(mào)函電中的功能分析 168 從概念隱喻看寓言的語(yǔ)篇連貫

169 從中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)民居喬家大院和西方哥特式教堂看中西文化差異 170 Text Cohesion in English Business Contracts 171 外來(lái)詞的翻譯方法初探 英語(yǔ)專業(yè)全英原創(chuàng)畢業(yè)論文，是近期寫作，公布的題目可以用于免費(fèi)參考（貢獻(xiàn)者ID 有提示）

172 從希斯克利夫的悲劇人生看“如何被逼出邪惡的人性” 173 從歸化與異化之爭(zhēng)看四字格的運(yùn)用

174 論科技英語(yǔ)翻譯中科學(xué)性與藝術(shù)性的和諧統(tǒng)一

175 兩種文化中不同的生存希望——以電影《肖申克的救贖》和《活著》人物命運(yùn)分析為例

176 功能對(duì)等理論在英語(yǔ)習(xí)語(yǔ)翻譯中的應(yīng)用 177 英語(yǔ)中常用修辭格

178 A Comparison Between the Novel and Movie of A Clockwork Orange 179 中式菜名的英譯

180 The Influences of Electronic Commerce on International Trade 181 論華裔女星在好萊塢電影中的角色轉(zhuǎn)變 182 從目的論的角度淺析美國(guó)電影字幕翻譯

183 從功能對(duì)等的角度淺析漢語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)中數(shù)字的翻譯

184 A Research on the Translation of the Chinese Dish Names 185 從中美送禮習(xí)俗分析兩國(guó)文化價(jià)值觀的差異 186 從語(yǔ)用學(xué)角度看廣告英語(yǔ)中的模糊表達(dá)

187 俠客精神和騎士精神折射出的文化差異—《七俠五義》和《亞瑟王之死》之比較 188 中英文顏色詞的文化內(nèi)涵及翻譯 189 淺析《法國(guó)中尉的女人》中的自由 190 對(duì)圣經(jīng)文學(xué)性之賞析 191 包法利夫人的悲劇簡(jiǎn)析 192 論英語(yǔ)小說(shuō)中俚語(yǔ)的漢譯

193 論〈麥田里的守望者〉中“垮掉派”特質(zhì)的體現(xiàn) 194 淺析我國(guó)中小企業(yè)電子商務(wù)現(xiàn)狀與對(duì)策

195 從《荊棘鳥》中三個(gè)女性形象解讀女性主義發(fā)展 196 英漢語(yǔ)言中顏色隱喻的認(rèn)知差異研究

197 Analysis of the Symbolic Meanings of the Major Characters in Moby Dick 198 從歸化的角度分析《飄》的中譯本 199 試論蓋茨比對(duì)其夢(mèng)想生活的追求

200 解析《飄》中斯嘉麗的女性主義思想在其婚姻中的體現(xiàn)

第二篇：論《飄》中斯嘉麗的婚姻觀(畢業(yè)論文)

北 京 理 工 大 學(xué)

畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）

論《飄》中斯嘉麗的婚姻觀

Scarlett’s View of Marriage in Gone with the Wind

系

部：

專

業(yè)： 班

級(jí)：

學(xué)

生：

學(xué)

號(hào)：

指導(dǎo)教師：

職稱：

江 西 理 工 大 學(xué) 南 昌 校 區(qū)

畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì)（論文）任 務(wù) 書

文理系

商務(wù)英語(yǔ)專業(yè)

08 級(jí)（2011

屆）

班 學(xué)生

題

目：論《飄》中斯嘉麗的婚姻觀

專題題目（若無(wú)專題則不填）：

原始依據(jù)(包括設(shè)計(jì)（論文）的工作基礎(chǔ)、研究條件、應(yīng)用環(huán)境、工作目的等)： 瑪格麗特.米契爾(Margaret Mitchell)的巨作《飄》展現(xiàn)了美國(guó)南北戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)時(shí)期南方**的社會(huì)現(xiàn)實(shí)，以女主人公斯嘉麗為主線，描寫了幾對(duì)青年的愛(ài)情糾葛。作品一問(wèn)世就引起了廣大讀者和評(píng)論家的極大關(guān)注。其中有些評(píng)論家對(duì)女主人公斯佳麗的婚姻觀進(jìn)行了評(píng)述。在《性別研究》——淺談斯佳麗的婚姻悲劇中，作者分析了文學(xué)名著《飄》中的女主人公斯佳麗的悲劇婚姻。陳煜強(qiáng)在《斯嘉麗的婚姻觀：馬斯洛“需要理論”解讀》中運(yùn)用了馬斯洛的‘需要理論'分析了斯嘉麗在不同的時(shí)期所確定的不同層次的需要,只要誰(shuí)能滿足她的需要,她就要委任以婚姻來(lái)保障她的需要能夠得到較好地滿足。由此我們可以看出《飄》中的女主人公斯佳麗展示了人性的某些真實(shí)特性,這些內(nèi)容值得我們?nèi)パ芯亢吞接憽Ｎ覀兛梢酝高^(guò)斯嘉麗每次婚姻的背景、特點(diǎn)，來(lái)看當(dāng)時(shí)的歷史，了解十九世紀(jì)的美國(guó)，了解美國(guó)女性主義的形成過(guò)程，也可通過(guò)研究斯嘉麗的愛(ài)情，樹立正確的愛(ài)情觀，以免后人再重蹈覆轍 主要內(nèi)容和要求：（包括設(shè)計(jì)（研究）內(nèi)容、主要指標(biāo)與技術(shù)參數(shù)，并根據(jù)課題性質(zhì)對(duì)學(xué)生提出具體要求）：

瑪格麗特·米切爾的小說(shuō)《飄》中的主人公斯嘉麗是一個(gè)天生麗質(zhì)，性格要強(qiáng)，勇于面對(duì)困難的女人，在經(jīng)歷了人生的跌宕起伏后，仍然能夠堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的面對(duì)人生，扛起整個(gè)家庭的重?fù)?dān)。她出生于十九世紀(jì)中期，生活在美國(guó)南部佐治亞州一個(gè)富裕的莊園主家庭，她的母親是優(yōu)雅端莊的法國(guó)海濱貴族，父親是粗狂豪爽的法蘭西人，他們一個(gè)有著豪爽仗義的愛(ài)爾蘭農(nóng)民精明樸實(shí)的血統(tǒng)，一個(gè)有著極富教養(yǎng)的法國(guó)海濱貴族血統(tǒng)，斯佳麗就是這兩種血統(tǒng)的交匯。加上其生活的佐治亞州是美國(guó)南方一個(gè)開(kāi)化較晚、不拘禮儀的地區(qū)，那里有著獨(dú)特的歷史人文背景，孕育了一代具有極為濃厚的“南方性”情節(jié)的人們，這樣的環(huán)境為斯佳麗性格的形成提供了自由的空間。于是特殊的家庭和特殊的社會(huì)環(huán)境造就了其特殊的性格--水一般的溫柔與火一樣的熱烈,這種性格使其對(duì)愛(ài)情有著特殊的理解，既勇于追求愛(ài)情，又把愛(ài)情當(dāng)做生活的交換條件。為了生活，她自由的穿梭于各色男人之間，卻忽略了自己內(nèi)心的真實(shí)感情，所以她的婚姻不是建立在愛(ài)情上的，每一次婚姻都是為了滿足的她的不同需要，雖然最后她重建了塔拉莊園，得到了自己夢(mèng)寐以求的金錢、地位，卻失去了最寶貴的愛(ài)情。日程安排：

2010年7月至9月：搜集相關(guān)資料，對(duì)資料進(jìn)行匯總 2010年9月至11月：完成開(kāi)題報(bào)告 2010年11月至2011年1月：完成初稿 2011年1月至3月：論文修改

2011年3月：論文答辯

主要參考文獻(xiàn)和書目：

[1] 牛冀蓮.戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中的鏗鏘玫瑰—從女性主義角度看《亂世佳人》中斯佳麗的形象[J].黑龍江大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)，2009,5.[2] 馬佳瑛.多重性格的結(jié)合體—淺析<飄中女主人公斯嘉麗>[J].西安翻譯學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)，2010,4 [3] 韓艷莉.郝佳麗：“逝”不去的夢(mèng)和人—論<飄>中郝佳麗的女性主義意識(shí)[J].南昌高專學(xué)報(bào), 2008,4 [4] 丁蕓.思嘉精神及其形象和審美價(jià)值[J].浙江大學(xué)報(bào)（社會(huì)科學(xué)版）, 1990,3 [5] 陳煜強(qiáng).斯嘉麗的婚姻觀.馬斯諾“需要理論”解讀 [M] 云南師范大學(xué)外語(yǔ)學(xué)院 2007年

[6] 楊云 試論《亂世佳人》中郝思嘉的藝術(shù)形象[J].大同職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào),2004,9 [7] Dong Hengxun.The History of American Literature.Beijing：People Literature Press，2003 [8] Guo Yuanzhong.―On Tendency of Ideology in Gone with the Wind.‖ Henan Teachers

University.2005, 4:123-124.[9] He Yuanyuan.―Gone with the Wind Will Never Gone with the Wind.‖ Hunan Metullurgical

Professional Technology College 2006, 3: 377-379.[10] Hu Guoxian.―A Dream of America-A Real Story about Scarlett‖.Guangxi University

Wuzhou Branch 2005, 2: 52-55.[11] Jing Xinmei.―On Feminism in Gone with the Wind.‖ School of Foreign languages.Nanjing

Normal University 2005, 2: 76-80.[12] Li Yanbo.―A Study about the Rebellion in Scarlett’s Character.‖ Journal of Mudan Teachers

University 2005, 2: 13-14 [13] Mitchell, Margaret.Gone with the Wind.Yili：Yili People Press，2001

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Abstract

Margaret Mitchell’s novel Gone with the Wind is based on the civil war which happened in the united states.In that period, the situation of society was turbulent and unrest.It described a few youth’ love imbroglio around the heroine Scarlett.Scarlett was born in the mid-nineteenth century, living in a wealthy family plantation owner in the southern Georgia.On one hand, she has kinds of good quality, quite, good-hearted, full of ability like her mother Aland-a French seaside noble, but on the other hand, she is ruggedly gracious like her father-a Frenchman.She has courage to pursue love, but also regards love as a life of an exchange.She can shuttle freely in all kinds of men, but neglects her own heart’s feelings, so her marriage is not based on love, just for satisfying her need.In retaliation for Ashley, she married Charles, in order to live, she married Frank, and in order to satisfy the vanity, she married Rhett.Eventually, she got the money, position which she was dying for, rebuilt the Tara manor, but she lost the most precious thing-love.But she is a strong girl, dare to face any difficulties after experiencing the ups and downs of life, and raise the whole family.After reading her marriage story, we can understand the American culture in the nineteenth century and know American feminist forming process.What’s more, we can establish the correct view of love through the research of her love, lest posterity to repeat.Key words: Scarlett;Love;Life;Marriage

摘要

瑪格麗特.米契爾(Margaret Mitchell)的巨作《飄》展現(xiàn)了美國(guó)南北戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)時(shí)期南方**的社會(huì)現(xiàn)實(shí)，以女主人公斯嘉麗為主線，描寫了幾對(duì)青年的愛(ài)情糾葛。故事的女主人公斯嘉麗出生于十九世紀(jì)中期，生活在美國(guó)南方開(kāi)化較晚、不拘禮儀的佐治亞州，那里有著獨(dú)特的歷史人文背景，孕育了一代具有極為濃厚的“南方性”情節(jié)的人們，這樣的環(huán)境為斯佳麗性格的形成提供了自由的空間。于是特殊的家庭和特殊的社會(huì)環(huán)境造就了其特殊的性格--水一般的溫柔與火一樣的熱烈,這種性格使其對(duì)愛(ài)情有著特殊的理解，既勇于追求愛(ài)情，又把愛(ài)情當(dāng)做生活的交換條件，每一次婚姻都是為了滿足她的不同需要。為了報(bào)復(fù)艾希禮，她嫁給了查爾斯，為了生活，她嫁給了弗蘭克，為了滿足虛榮心，她嫁給了瑞德。雖然最后她得到了自己夢(mèng)寐以求的金錢、地位，重建了塔拉莊園，卻失去了最寶貴的愛(ài)情。我們可以透過(guò)斯嘉麗每次婚姻的背景、特點(diǎn)，來(lái)看當(dāng)時(shí)的歷史，了解十九世紀(jì)的美國(guó)，了解美國(guó)女性主義的形成過(guò)程，也可通過(guò)研究斯嘉麗的愛(ài)情，樹立正確的愛(ài)情觀，以免后人再重蹈覆轍。

關(guān)鍵詞：斯嘉麗；愛(ài)情；生活；婚姻

Contents

Abstract I.Introduction...........................................................................................1 II.Scarlett’s Living Background.............................................................1 III.Scarlett’s Marriage............................................................................2 3.1 Scarlett’s First Marriage...................................................................................2 3.1.1 Background of Scarlett’s first marriage.........................................................2 3.1.2 The characteristics of Scarlett’s first marriage..............................................2 3.1.3 The result of Scarlett’s first marriage............................................................3 3.2 Scarlett’s Second Marriage...............................................................................3 3.2.1 Background of Scarlett’s second marriage....................................................3 3.2.2 The characteristics of Scarlett’s second marriage.........................................3 3.2.3 The result of Scarlett’s second marriage.......................................................4 3.3 Scarlett’s Third Marriage..................................................................................4 3.3.1 Background of Scarlett’s third marriage.......................................................4 3.3.2 The characteristics of Scarlett’s third marriage.............................................4 3.3.3 The result of Scarlett’s third marriage...........................................................5 3.3.4 Set up the correct love view..........................................................................5 IV.Conclusion...........................................................................................6 Bibliography Acknowledgement

目 錄

摘要

第一章 引言..............................................................................................1 第二章 斯嘉麗的生活背景......................................................................1 第三章 斯嘉麗的婚姻..............................................................................2

3.1斯嘉麗的第一次婚姻...............................................................................................2 3.1.1斯嘉麗第一次婚姻的背景.........................................................................2 3.1.2斯嘉麗第一次婚姻的特點(diǎn).........................................................................2 3.1.3斯嘉麗第一次婚姻的結(jié)果.........................................................................3 3.2斯嘉麗的第二次婚姻.........................................................................................3 3.2.1斯嘉麗第二次婚姻的背景.........................................................................3 3.2.2斯嘉麗第二次婚姻的特點(diǎn).........................................................................3 3.2.3斯嘉麗第二次婚姻的結(jié)果.........................................................................4 3.3斯嘉麗的第三次婚姻.........................................................................................4 3.3.1斯嘉麗第三次婚姻的背景.........................................................................4 3.3.2斯嘉麗第三次婚姻的特點(diǎn).........................................................................4 3.3.3斯嘉麗第三次婚姻的結(jié)果.........................................................................5 3.3.4樹立正確的愛(ài)情觀.....................................................................................5

第四章 結(jié)束語(yǔ)..........................................................................................6 致謝 參考文獻(xiàn)

江西理工大學(xué)2011屆?？粕厴I(yè)論文

I.Introduction The novel ―Gone With The Wind‖ written by American writer Margaret Mitchell shocked me deeply, and she finished this great work with one billion words in 1936.The story started from April, 1861, spanning 12 years, and the background was US Civil War.The writer not only created a myth, but also shows her own personal charm to the world.Heroine Scarlett is a simple but very complex figure.On the surface she has kinds of good quality, quite, good-hearted, and full of ability like her mother Aland, but the vast majority of cases, the restless temperament to her behavior.She’s so beautiful that almost all the young men in the book are tempted by her.She seems to have become accustomed to dealing within these young men, like a cold hot fire but locked of love to blame, which almost makes many men crazy.She has strong cravings in all the good things, and she wants to take away the entire boy's heart.At first, Scarlett is like a proud, attractive princess.She tends to conquer the entire world and seize all the happiness.She loves Ashley very much though she doesn’t know him at all.Being angry, she gets married with Charles Hamilton who is Ashley’s wife’s brother.Unfortunately, Hamilton dies in the war and Scarlett becomes a widow.But the war destroys her life and makes her back to her motherland.Although she is strong and brave to make a living in the wartime, it’s not enough.In order to protect her families and industries, she gets married with Frank Kennedy who is Scarlett’s sister’s finance.After Kennedy’s death, she finally marries Rhett Butler who really loved her very much.However, Scarlett still loved Ashley from the bottom of the heart.But she never tries to know Rhett.She continues to pursue the unreal love towards Ashley.Until Melanie died did she know that Rhett is the only person who really loved her.But it’s too late.Rhett determined to leave her without hesitation.In the end, Scarlett had to tell herself that tomorrow is another day.From the story, we can see that Scarlett’s special spirit leads her special experiences and life.II.Scarlett’s Living Background

Before the war, she lives in the traditional and conservative plantation and the life style forms her plantation master’s character of loving land than anything else in the world and her rebellious character spontaneously.And Scarlett who is his first daughter gains much more love from her father, Gerald, and is impressed less than anyone else by his tempers and his roaring.Gerald had drifted it onto a habit of treating her in a man-to-man manner.[13] Naturally, Scarlett forms a particular

江西理工大學(xué)2011屆?？粕厴I(yè)論文

character.We can say Scarlett’s father gives her brisk and restless vitality and dauntless quality.When Scarlett was a child, she had confused her mother with the Virgin Mary.As far black as Scarlett could remember, her mother had always been the same, her voice soft and sweet whether in praising or in reproving, and her manner efficient and unruffled.To her, Ellen represents the utter security that only Heaven or mother can give [13].She learns kindness, firmness and strong faith from Ellen.When Scarlett must face with all kinds of troubles, the love for Ellen gives her courage.The American Civil War was one of the most violent times in the History of the United States.Scarlett’s character matures in the war.She has experienced so many things.She leads an extremely poor life during and after the war, and that abominable environment molds her character to confront the reality bravely and her independence and selfishness to overcome difficulties.The rich life experience before war;the unstable life during the war and the extremely poor life after war provide the foundation to form the character of Scarlett.And thus in such environment, Scarlett’s character can be complicated.But the unforeseen events make her become destitute, homeless and poverty-stricken suddenly.III.Scarlett’s Marriage

3.1 Scarlett’s First Marriage

3.1.1 Background of Scarlett’s first marriage

It’s an unprepared marriage, it happened in a ignorant situation.To pursue the attachment that she carves for, unexpectedly, Scarlett decides to confess to Ashley audaciously at the barbecue and elope with him [12].Her exaggerated performance doesn’t work on Rhett Ashley Wilkes, and makes completely different effects.Scarlett can’t grasp the heart of Ashley Wilkes.What’s more, Rhett butler knows the relationship about them, and saw the scene when Scarlett told Ashley she loved him, and wanted to marry him, so she felt embarrassed and hated both of them.Scarlett’s hasty makes her pay a great price!After being refused by Ashley, Scarlett transfers all the emotions including love, anger and vanity to Charles who becomes her first husband.[7]

3.1.2 The characteristics of Scarlett’s first marriage

At that time, she is just a willful child;consequences and responsibility don’t seem to have relations to her.Soon after the war broke out, Charles die, Scarlett become a widow.According to the traditions among the Southerners, a widow had to

江西理工大學(xué)2011屆?？粕厴I(yè)論文

wear hideous black dresses without even a touch of braid to enliven them, no flower or ribbon or lace or even jewelers, except onyx mourning brooches or necklaces made from the deceased’s hair.And the black crepe veil on her bonnet had to reach to her knees, and only after three years of widowhood could it be shortened to shoulder length.The widows could never chatter vivaciously or laugh aloud.Even when they smiled, it must be a sad, tragic smile.And, most dreadful of all, they could in no way indicate an interest in her;she must freeze him with a dignified but well-chosen reference to her dead husband.For Scarlett, widow might as well as be dead [13].Due to her rebellious character, the ―moral standard‖ doesn’t work on her, she even can’t cry for Charles, but keep widow life away from plain and boring.For Scarlett, widow might as well as be dead.So she continues to show her own charm and still attracts a lot of men again.She behaved as she had behaved before her marriage—went to parties, danced, went riding with soldiers, flirted, did everything she had done as a girl.[13]

However, war has changed Scarlett, the inward spirit in Scarlett burst.She took courage to take a baby for Melanie by herself.In order to get away from the war, she carried Melanie and the baby to her motherland.But her family changed.Her mother died and her father became crazy.Unavoidably, she became the bread winner in the family.She kills the Northern soldiers at the critical moment, and creates an extreme poverty.It all reflects her strong, courage, indomitable.3.1.3 The result of Scarlett’s first marriage

It’s a completely failing marriage.Scarlett and Charles Hamilton didn’t gain anything from the marriage, and they didn’t feel happy.Scarlett utilizes Charles to fulfill her selfishness.She never treated Charles as her husband.She married with him, because it makes her feel more close to Ashley.If Charles didn’t die in the war, they will divorce someday, because there is no love between them.3.2 Scarlett’s Second Marriage

3.2.1 Background of Scarlett’s second marriage

After her returning Tara for the first time her manor Tara is looted, What’s more, her mother has been dead, father has been dull-witted, two sisters are both ill and the slaves have run away.Since then Scarlett struggles for living.She should rebuild Tara so that her family and she can survive [8].When Scarlett says why the stomach had a longer memory than the mind [13], people will understand how poor they are, but she move on and support the whole family.To pay the tax money – three hundred dollars for Tara, she married her sister’s fiancé Frank who has enough money to save Tara

江西理工大學(xué)2011屆?？粕厴I(yè)論文

after failing in borrowing from Rhett Butler.Besides, this causes her no qualm of conscience For living, Scarlett becomes selfish and speculative.She realizes the importance of money and believes that only money can give her safety in the world.3.2.2 The characteristics of Scarlett’s second marriage Scarlett is a beautiful, coquettish southern belle brought up on the Georgia plantation of Tara before the American Civil War [7].After the Civil War, Scarlett has to face the troubles alone while she is also tired and hungry.She helps Melanie to deliver a child and drives a carriage transporting a lying-in woman, two children and a stupid maidservant [10].So in her second marriage she doesn’t perform as a good wife or a mother all the same.She manages a shop of Frank and a mill regardless of her husband’s dissuasion and others’ criticisms [7].Even when she is pregnant she also appears in public.Already people were criticizing her for appearing in public when she was in such a condition [9].No lady ever showed herself when she was pregnant.While doing business, Scarlett is an expert.She always tries her best to pretend herself.She could upon occasion look so helpless and appealing that she melted hearts and sells a poor grade of lumber for the price of good lumber, even pushes her competitions’ lumber for business and money.Until now we can see that Scarlett does business by hook or by crook almost.In short, the selfishness and speculation are described incisively and vividly.3.2.3 The result of Scarlett’s second marriage

Scarlett treat this marriage as a deal, and she never love Frank or even care about him, Frank is a poor man, he never know he was treated by Scarlett and lose his true love until he was dead.3.3 Scarlett’s third marriage 3.3.1 Background of Scarlett’s third marriage

Not long after her second husband’s death, she marries Rhett for her third marriage.She marries him for the consideration that she will never have to bother about money again and never to worry about money again, and that Tara was safe, the family was fed and clothed, she would be safe.She marries him all because Rhett can Satisfied her, not for love.3.3.2 The characteristics of Scarlett’s third marriage

Scarlett is alike Rhett very much, they are all selfish and they will try all means to achieve their goals.They seem to be made for each other.In fact, Scarlett has already trusted in him and depended on him when she affiliates with him, but she doesn’t realize her love to him.Rhett to Scarlett, in the final scene: “You were such a child，江西理工大學(xué)2011屆?？粕厴I(yè)論文

my dear, I wanted to marry you and protect you”.Rhett is such a man who can understands Scarlett and a man who has the ability to offer her support and help.He asks her to ignore the social conventions and encourages her to start her own business with the money given by him.He wants Scarlett to forget Ashley, but after long efforts he still cannot change her love and let her accept and understand his love for her which made he feel frustrated and tired.Scarlett’s fancy about Ashley slowly fades in the course of time, and she finally realizes that the man she loves is not real but an illusion.3.3.3 The result of Scarlett’s third marriage

In the past years she has ignored and refused Rhett’s love.In fact the real man who loves her, understands her, and always helps her is Rhett.It is Rhett who helps her out of the bondage of mourning, who saves her through the fire and explosions;who comforts her when she wakes up from the horrible nightmare.No man does such things without deep love in his heart.Scarlett realizes her feelings at last.However when she wants to tell him she loves him and she wants to restore their love, it becomes too late.The tragedy has taken place.Her daughter has died, and Rhett is tired and decides to leave her.What Scarlett loses is not only her love but also her soul, although she owns much in terms of materials comforts.However, Scarlett is determined enough to handle the difficulties by thinking ―tomorrow is another day‖ and ―things always look better in the morning‖.In her mind, tomorrow will be new and different.So she wants to return to her homeland, where she thinks she can find the source of her strength, and by building a bright ―tomorrow‖, she can win Rhett’s love back.3.3.4 Set up the correct love view Love is patient, love is kind.It does not envy, it does not boast, it is not proud.It is not rude, it is not self-seeking, it is not easily angered, and it keeps no record of wrongs.Love does not delight in evil but rejoices with the truth.It always protects, always trusts, always hopes, and always perseveres.Love is a choice, it’s a commitment.Bible says that God is love.God, as our designer and creator, made us with needs for love.Do you ever wonder why we constantly seek love from others but never feel completely satisfied? It’s because God designed us for an unconditional love, and we, as people, are flawed.Therefore, we should learn to love the one who loved us.Scarlett’s father believes that the best marriages should be arranged by the parents for the girl.Marrying one of the twins and then the plantations will build you

江西理工大學(xué)2011屆?？粕厴I(yè)論文

a fine house, right where they join, in that big pine grove.Scarlett thinks that her father only deals with the questions from real profit, not from the feeling about love of her, so she refuses it.But she never regards marriage as a serious matter just treats it as a game, and she marries with the men she doesn’t love just because she wants to resolve living problems.It is widely accepted by most of people that love is the foundation of marriage.Unfortunately Scarlett never understands what love and marriage mean though she has experienced marriage three times.She somewhat thinks that marriage can be separated from love, which proves that she is a character full of contradiction and complexity.However, she knows what she really want, and have the courage to pursue it though sometimes she is wrong.IV.Conclusion

There are many aspects that have deep effects on the shaping of Scarlett’s character, among which the triangular love between Scarlett, Ashley and Rhett is a distinct one.Scarlett fell in love with Ashley blindly, which shows her immaturity because Ashley is a man who still lives in the past even after the death of Melanie and can’t face the reality.His cowardice and decadence cannot match Scarlett’s bravery and unyieldingness.She is bruised by Ashley’s refusal several times.When Scarlett realizes that Ashley is not the man she wants, she turns to Rhett, showing her realistic character.Rhett always loves her and supports her though Scarlett holds the man in utter contempt.But Rhett tolerates Scarlett’s bad manners towards him and waits for Scarlett’s love.Under the tolerance of Rhett, she shows her rebellion, her vanity and selfishness.She can’t realize her true feeling and she avoids facing the reality of the spirit.Until her dream for Ashley is broken and Rhett’s patience is exhausted, she realizes the value of Rhett.But it is too late because Rhett decides to leave Scarlett in an extremity of pain.Scarlett always thinks of tomorrow and she has never been defeated by any difficulty, so it is better to see her not being blown down.She always encourages herself that ―Tomorrow is another day‖ and ―Things always look better in the morning.‖ She still believes that she can get Rhett back finally.As a woman, Scarlett is admired for her bravery and strong will.I am shocked by the indomitable spirit of Scarlett facing difficulties.To her, I really admire her.Scarlett is so brave that she can support the family in poor condition.She is sacrifice to her motherland that she tried her best to protect her.She can do farm work in spite of usual education.She can create her great business in spite of other’s comment.At the end of the story, there is classic ending.―I won’t think of it,‖ she said again, aloud.―I’ll think of it all tomorrow, at Tara.Tomorrow, I’ll think of some way to get him

江西理工大學(xué)2011屆?？粕厴I(yè)論文

back, After all, tomorrow is another day.‖ Standing on that land, she can’t forget the forever land.Tomorrow is willful.In our daily life, we should also have some sort of qualities.We must cherish any trivial happiness instead of ignoring.When we face difficulties, we should be brave and confident.Tomorrow is another day!Though I didn’t admire her view of love, I love her.江西理工大學(xué)2011屆?？粕厴I(yè)論文

Bibliography

[1] 牛冀蓮.戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中的鏗鏘玫瑰—從女性主義角度看《亂世佳人》中斯佳麗的形象[J].黑龍江大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)，2009,5.[2] 馬佳瑛.多重性格的結(jié)合體—淺析<飄中女主人公斯嘉麗>[J].西安翻譯學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)，2010,4 [3] 韓艷莉.郝佳麗：“逝”不去的夢(mèng)和人—論<飄>中郝佳麗的女性主義意識(shí)[J].南昌高專學(xué)報(bào), 2008,4 [4] 丁蕓.思嘉精神及其形象和審美價(jià)值[J].浙江大學(xué)報(bào)（社會(huì)科學(xué)版）, 1990,3 [5] 陳煜強(qiáng).斯嘉麗的婚姻觀.馬斯諾“需要理論”解讀 [M] 云南師范大學(xué)外語(yǔ)學(xué)院 2007年

[6] 楊云 試論《亂世佳人》中郝思嘉的藝術(shù)形象[J].大同職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào),2004,9 [7] Dong Hengxun.The History of American Literature.Beijing：People Literature Press，2003 [8] Guo Yuanzhong.―On Tendency of Ideology in Gone with the Wind.‖ Henan Teachers

University.2005, 4:123-124.[9] He Yuanyuan.―Gone with the Wind Will Never Gone with the Wind.‖ Hunan Metullurgical

Professional Technology College 2006, 3: 377-379.[10] Hu Guoxian.―A Dream of America-A Real Story about Scarlett‖.Guangxi University

Wuzhou Branch 2005, 2: 52-55.[11] Jing Xinmei.―On Feminism in Gone with the Wind.‖ School of Foreign languages.Nanjing

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Normal University 2005, 2: 76-80.[12] Li Yanbo.―A Study about the Rebellion in Scarlett’s Character.‖ Journal of Mudan Teachers

University 2005, 2: 13-14

[13] Mitchell, Margaret.Gone with the Wind.Yili：Yili People Press，2001.9

江西理工大學(xué)2011屆?？粕厴I(yè)論文

Aknowlegedment

First and foremost, I would like to show my deepest gratitude to my supervisor Hu danjuan, a respectable, responsible and resourceful scholar, who has provided me with valuable guidance in every stage of the writing of this thesis.Without her enlightening instruction, impressive kindness and patience, I could not have completed my thesis.Her keen and vigorous academic observation enlightens me not only in this thesis but also in my future study.I shall extend my thanks to Mrs.Cai for all her kindness and help.I would also like to thank all my teachers who have helped me to develop the fundamental and essential academic competence.My sincere appreciation also goes to the teachers and students from Jiangxi University of science and technology, who participated this study with great cooperation.Last but not least, I' d like to thank all my friends, especially my five lovely roommates, for their encouragement and support.

第三篇：婚姻經(jīng)營(yíng)的藝術(shù)：《飄》中艾倫和斯嘉麗的性格與婚姻

婚姻經(jīng)營(yíng)的藝術(shù)——

《飄》中艾倫和斯嘉麗的性格與婚姻

我一直覺(jué)得，婚姻中的相處是一門偉大的藝術(shù)，要不怎么會(huì)有經(jīng)營(yíng)婚姻這個(gè)說(shuō)法呢？持有某一種毒雞湯觀點(diǎn)的人大多是以女性為視角，仿佛婚姻不好大多或全部是女性的責(zé)任似的。幸福的婚姻都是相似的，男的有錢、顧家、愛(ài)妻子，妻子負(fù)責(zé)讓別人認(rèn)為賢惠溫柔就行了；不幸的婚姻各有各的不幸，卻大多數(shù)歸結(jié)于女性不會(huì)經(jīng)營(yíng)。說(shuō)到底這終歸是一個(gè)男權(quán)主義的社會(huì)。但是不可否認(rèn)的是，能夠經(jīng)營(yíng)好婚姻的人，不管是男性還是女性，都是雙商高的人，不僅聰明而且聰慧。

《飄》這本書呢，是為數(shù)不多的女作家的作品，反映了大多數(shù)女性對(duì)待愛(ài)情、對(duì)待婚姻的態(tài)度，也許這也是女性讀起來(lái)特別容易帶入的原因吧?！讹h》是一個(gè)大部頭的著作，我只看了一遍，所以有些地方記憶會(huì)有一些差錯(cuò)，如有差錯(cuò)敬請(qǐng)指出。

整本書描寫了美國(guó)南北戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)時(shí)期波瀾壯闊的場(chǎng)景，刻畫了許多個(gè)性非常鮮明的人物。在1200多頁(yè)的故事里，艾倫出場(chǎng)的次數(shù)并不多，大多數(shù)是作為介紹斯嘉麗的家庭背景時(shí)出現(xiàn)的，（僅有一次我覺(jué)得比較獨(dú)立的場(chǎng)景，是她臨死前在睡夢(mèng)中叫了死去情人的名字）。但是她的性格與對(duì)待婚姻的態(tài)度卻給我留下了深刻的印象。因此，接下來(lái)的內(nèi)容里，我重點(diǎn)分析艾倫與斯嘉麗的性格以及性格對(duì)他們婚姻的影響。

簡(jiǎn)單的人物介紹

艾倫：斯嘉麗的母親，貴族小姐，少女時(shí)期的情人是她的表哥；情人死后，傷心欲絕的遠(yuǎn)嫁他鄉(xiāng)，嫁給了比自己大12歲的杰拉爾德（斯嘉麗的父親，富有的農(nóng)場(chǎng)主）；結(jié)婚后操勞一生，為杰拉爾德生育了三個(gè)女兒。

斯嘉麗：本書女主角，富有農(nóng)場(chǎng)主的女兒；少女時(shí)期的戀人是艾希禮；一共結(jié)了三次婚，生了三個(gè)孩子，與白瑞德的糾纏在書中貫穿始終。

艾倫：百煉鋼可化繞指柔

艾倫是美國(guó)舊社會(huì)南方婦女的縮影，也許是大多數(shù)男性心中的完美女性的形象。艾倫是貴族家庭的小姐，容貌漂亮、氣質(zhì)端莊、說(shuō)話優(yōu)雅，而且很有錢，但是卻嫁給了杰拉爾德。杰拉爾德是怎樣的一個(gè)人呢，他是一個(gè)靠賭博白手起家的野蠻人，性格暴躁、說(shuō)話大聲粗魯，但是卻非常精明，于是他可以從一個(gè)一窮二白的外省人成為當(dāng)?shù)負(fù)碛猩习賯€(gè)黑奴的富有農(nóng)場(chǎng)主，關(guān)鍵是還很好的融入了當(dāng)?shù)厣鐣?huì)，受到了當(dāng)?shù)厝罕姷淖鹬亍?/p>

這對(duì)夫妻的對(duì)比非常明顯，僅從這一段兩人出身的描述中，你可能會(huì)認(rèn)為在他們的婚姻中，肯定是杰拉爾德占主導(dǎo)地位，艾倫處于從屬地位。從某些方面來(lái)看確實(shí)是的，艾倫和黑奴們對(duì)杰拉爾德非常尊重，都叫他“老爺”；作為一家之主，家里和外面的事情都由他拍板。但是，我們從細(xì)節(jié)認(rèn)真來(lái)看事實(shí)是怎樣的呢？

艾倫是一個(gè)貴族小姐，她的打扮、談吐，不管是在家里或是面對(duì)客人、面對(duì)黑奴、面對(duì)外人時(shí)，她都能夠保持一貫的優(yōu)雅與高貴，按我們現(xiàn)在的說(shuō)法叫做“自律”的氣場(chǎng)，這是一般人難以做到的。這讓杰拉爾德對(duì)她也十分尊重，或者說(shuō)有一點(diǎn)像對(duì)待女神般的崇拜。能讓丈夫在婚后還能像女神一般的對(duì)待你，這一點(diǎn)是大多數(shù)女性很難做到的。從射雕英雄傳到神雕俠侶，嫁了人的黃蓉一下子從女神成為了精明的婦人。很多人都覺(jué)得在兩部書中，黃蓉的性格差異太大了，我想也許這就是一個(gè)女人婚前婚后的差別呢。所謂女神，還不是要從一個(gè)或者一群人的神壇，走向另一個(gè)人的灶臺(tái)，從不食煙火到護(hù)犢算計(jì)。

艾倫還非常的能干，操勞一生把塔拉農(nóng)場(chǎng)、家庭事務(wù)、鄰里相處打理的井井有條。所有的事情由杰拉爾德拍板，但是卻由艾倫決定。注意，這里的決定和拍板絕對(duì)不是近義詞。只有在艾倫在場(chǎng)的時(shí)候，黑奴們才匯報(bào)各項(xiàng)事務(wù)；如果杰拉爾德有不同的意見(jiàn)，盡管他非常大聲，但是總會(huì)被艾倫的輕聲細(xì)語(yǔ)說(shuō)服；即使是杰拉爾德發(fā)布的命令，大家也會(huì)向艾倫詢問(wèn)一下建議再做執(zhí)行。擱宮斗劇里面，艾倫應(yīng)該是一個(gè)非常有手段的皇后。她的出身高貴、見(jiàn)識(shí)卓越，卻非常的小鳥依人、和風(fēng)細(xì)雨，讓夫君感受不到一點(diǎn)威脅；總是在恰當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)間出現(xiàn)，以你的利益為出發(fā)點(diǎn)為你分憂；她的主意是如此之好，讓你認(rèn)為絕對(duì)沒(méi)有比這更好的方法了，因此你會(huì)心懷感激卻又有點(diǎn)不甘；但她是如此柔弱的一個(gè)人，最終的決定當(dāng)然需要你做最后的拍板，于是你內(nèi)心的一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)不甘也消失了。其實(shí)，杰拉爾德是有點(diǎn)怕艾倫的，或者說(shuō)叫做“敬畏”。

出身貴族的艾倫品味高雅，從室內(nèi)裝飾到杰拉爾德個(gè)人的食衣住行、子女的教育、仆人的管理、鄰里的相處，無(wú)一不流露出其大家風(fēng)范，這讓整個(gè)縣城的人都對(duì)杰拉爾德這個(gè)魯莽的農(nóng)民態(tài)度改觀，從最初的排擠到尊重。因此，杰拉爾德愛(ài)戴艾倫。

杰拉爾德肯定是愛(ài)他的妻子，在艾倫死后，杰拉爾德的精神有點(diǎn)失常了，他每天都能看到艾倫的身影出現(xiàn)在餐桌、會(huì)客室、辦公室中；艾倫愛(ài)不愛(ài)杰拉爾德呢？我寧愿相信她是愛(ài)的，只是她自己不知道，（這一點(diǎn)跟她的女兒很像，她們愛(ài)的只是年少時(shí)候自己想象出來(lái)的影子），她操勞一生為他打理里里外外、生兒育女。盡管她最后死前叫了少女時(shí)期情人的名字，也許那也只是因?yàn)槟晟贂r(shí)期愛(ài)而不得的遺憾呢。（在每個(gè)女人的心中，發(fā)乎情止乎禮的初戀是最難忘的？）

由于艾倫的柔軟與堅(jiān)韌，使得杰拉爾德這個(gè)暴君一樣的人物也變得柔軟了，艾倫是他的精神支柱，雖然他很強(qiáng)壯，但是少了艾倫，他便失去了力量。艾倫真正做到了化百煉鋼為繞指柔。這是高級(jí)的御夫之道？那是因?yàn)榻芾瓲柕驴闲母是樵缸屗坝?。兩個(gè)人共同努力經(jīng)營(yíng)的婚姻才是美好的婚姻，可惜杰拉爾德始終沒(méi)有得到艾倫完整的愛(ài)情。

三個(gè)女兒沒(méi)有一個(gè)像艾倫，也許是因?yàn)榘瑐愐簧木Χ荚诓俪旨彝ナ聞?wù)，疏忽了與女兒的相處與教育吧，她與杰拉爾德的結(jié)合并不是由于愛(ài)情，她的家庭女主人的角色扮演的非常好，卻在母親的角色上有了欠缺。

斯嘉麗：霸道總裁與野蠻女友的糾纏

大部分女性讀者都愛(ài)看霸道總裁愛(ài)上我的戲碼，一個(gè)聰明多金、英俊瀟灑、風(fēng)流倜儻的霸道總裁，偏偏對(duì)一個(gè)不愛(ài)自己的女子一見(jiàn)鐘情、再見(jiàn)傾心、三見(jiàn)相許，從此萬(wàn)花叢中過(guò)片葉不沾身。《飄》中的白瑞德正是第一代霸道總裁人設(shè)，但是遇到的偏偏是個(gè)野蠻女友。

我很喜歡斯嘉麗這個(gè)人物，又倔強(qiáng)又聰明又愚蠢。斯嘉麗的性格遺傳了杰拉爾德，非常精明、倔強(qiáng)、不服輸。南北戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)開(kāi)始后，塔拉農(nóng)場(chǎng)被摧毀、母親去世，靠著她的倔強(qiáng)恢復(fù)了農(nóng)場(chǎng)經(jīng)營(yíng)；憑借她精明的經(jīng)商頭腦，在戰(zhàn)后的亞特蘭大城將生意做的風(fēng)生水起，而那個(gè)時(shí)候美國(guó)貴族婦女是不能拋頭露面的去做生意的。正像書中寫的，她不是一個(gè)上等的女人，上等女人只需要穿的漂漂亮亮去參加舞會(huì)，她卻在想方設(shè)法的弄錢。她那個(gè)時(shí)候已經(jīng)非常有錢，但還是每天駕著馬車在亞特蘭大城奔走，與男人談生意。她非常倔強(qiáng)，認(rèn)定一個(gè)目標(biāo)便不達(dá)目的不罷休。她過(guò)往的經(jīng)歷決定了她不相信任何人，她只相信錢。

我個(gè)人認(rèn)為每個(gè)人都有自己的價(jià)值觀，并沒(méi)有完全正確與錯(cuò)誤的價(jià)值觀。斯嘉麗的價(jià)值觀就是金錢至上，她想盡任何辦法達(dá)到自己的目標(biāo)——更多的錢、花不完的錢。她的聰明與倔強(qiáng)讓她成為了亞特蘭大城最有錢的女人。

但是她在感情上卻又是極其愚蠢的一個(gè)人。從少女時(shí)期到中年時(shí)期，斯嘉麗一直愛(ài)著艾希禮。即使艾希禮已經(jīng)娶了眉蘭，她自己結(jié)了三次婚。在這一點(diǎn)上，斯嘉麗與母親艾倫有著相似的地方，艾倫在心愛(ài)的情人表哥去世后，嫁給了霸道總裁杰拉爾德，雖然杰拉爾德敬她、愛(ài)她，卻沒(méi)有得到她完整的愛(ài)情；斯嘉麗雖然結(jié)了三次婚，但是心底一直愛(ài)著艾希禮。第一次結(jié)婚，是因?yàn)榘６Y要娶眉蘭，她賭氣在艾希禮婚禮前隨便嫁給了一個(gè)男孩，第一個(gè)丈夫不久便在南北戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中戰(zhàn)死了，她因此成為了一個(gè)帶著兒子的寡婦；第二次結(jié)婚，是因?yàn)樗Ｗ∷r(nóng)場(chǎng)，搶了妹妹的未婚夫，這次結(jié)婚使她過(guò)上了不用擔(dān)心溫飽的生活，在亞特蘭大城有了一間小小的雜貨鋪?zhàn)樱坏谌谓Y(jié)婚，嫁給白瑞德，是因?yàn)槭裁?？書中的描寫是，一個(gè)吻。

斯嘉麗是一個(gè)可以把愛(ài)情與婚姻分開(kāi)的人，她的婚姻是為了保障自己的生活，而把愛(ài)情給了一個(gè)不切實(shí)際的幻影。她從始至終愛(ài)的艾希禮，只是年少時(shí)候一個(gè)美麗的幻影。與艾倫不同的是，艾希禮并沒(méi)有死。斯嘉麗最后終于明白自己愛(ài)的一直都是白瑞德，但這時(shí)身心俱疲的白瑞德已經(jīng)走了。

斯嘉麗的一次愛(ài)情、三次婚姻都是悲劇。我想，是因?yàn)樗虉?zhí)，不像她母親那樣聰慧。尤其是跟白瑞德的感情糾纏，把讀者看的太心疼了。一個(gè)多金英俊的霸道總裁，為你花錢、買禮物、在服喪期間花重金請(qǐng)你在舞會(huì)上跳舞（這一段描寫太“蘇”了）、支持你做生意、幫你出謀劃策；在你懷孕期間為你駕馬車，雖然懷的并不是自己的孩子；在大火燒到亞特蘭大城的時(shí)候，冒著生命危險(xiǎn)搶了一輛馬車送你回塔拉；在亂糟糟的戰(zhàn)后恢復(fù)期間暗中保護(hù)你；救了你的初戀艾希禮??從頭到尾他做了這么多，難道你以為這只是基于普通朋友間的人道主義援助？

終于等到斯嘉麗跟白瑞德結(jié)婚了，又看到倆人各種“作”。一個(gè)明明是深情款款、用情至深，卻打死也不對(duì)你說(shuō)；另一個(gè)明明動(dòng)搖了，還是每天自我催眠對(duì)自己說(shuō)，他不愛(ài)我、我不愛(ài)他，我愛(ài)他的錢、他愛(ài)我的顏，我的心里至死不渝的愛(ài)著艾希禮（雖然知道他是我最好朋友的丈夫）。作為一個(gè)讀者，看的真是心累啊。恨不得自己能夠鉆到書對(duì)他倆說(shuō)，你倆別“作”了，你倆真是天生一對(duì)。還好，斯嘉麗終于發(fā)現(xiàn)自己愛(ài)的并不是艾希禮，而是白瑞德。但是兩個(gè)人共同的第一個(gè)孩子的死亡和第二個(gè)孩子的流產(chǎn)，導(dǎo)致白瑞德離她而去。

在書中，白瑞德和斯嘉麗都是令人喜歡的人物。但是在婚姻中，兩個(gè)人卻都不善于經(jīng)營(yíng)。也許是因?yàn)樗麄儍蓚€(gè)人的性格太相似了，棋逢對(duì)手卻沒(méi)有惺惺相惜。兩個(gè)強(qiáng)勢(shì)的人走到了一起，卻沒(méi)有一個(gè)人肯低頭妥協(xié)，導(dǎo)致了他們婚姻的悲劇。

雖然書的最后給了開(kāi)放性的結(jié)局，但是我相信，斯嘉麗一定會(huì)把白瑞德弄回來(lái)的。因?yàn)樗氐搅怂?，想起了她的母親艾倫。還因?yàn)樗辜嘻愖约赫f(shuō)的，“After all, tomorrow is another day!”

2017.2.10 后來(lái)看了邊城，我覺(jué)得儺送一定不會(huì)回來(lái)了。斯嘉麗敢說(shuō)“我一定能把白瑞德搞回來(lái)”，翠翠只會(huì)“睡在虎耳朵草的夢(mèng)里，等儺送回來(lái)”。這兩個(gè)人物都讓我覺(jué)得很心疼。

第四篇：論張養(yǎng)浩憂國(guó)哀民思想在其作品中的體現(xiàn)

論張養(yǎng)浩憂國(guó)哀民思想在其作品中的體現(xiàn)

—————以《山坡羊.潼關(guān)懷古》為例

【摘要】張養(yǎng)浩是我國(guó)古代著名的散曲家，其創(chuàng)作作品豐富，為人正直。他曾二度為官，悲憫百姓，心系蒼生。其散曲深沉大氣，富于內(nèi)涵。由于其個(gè)人經(jīng)歷與政治生涯的影響，他的散曲中體現(xiàn)著深刻的憂國(guó)哀民思想，本文以其代表作《山坡羊.潼關(guān)懷古》為例，探討他憂國(guó)愛(ài)民思想的形成原因及在該作品中的體現(xiàn)?！娟P(guān)鍵詞】張養(yǎng)浩、散曲、憂國(guó)哀民 【正文】

一．張養(yǎng)浩生平簡(jiǎn)介

元朝后期的重要散曲家張養(yǎng)浩（1270-1329），字希孟，號(hào)云莊，濟(jì)南人。他也是元代名臣，為人正直、剛強(qiáng)、淳厚。據(jù)《元史》本傳記載，他少有義行，勤奮好學(xué)。元成宗時(shí)，為山東按察使焦遂薦為東平學(xué)正，后游京師，又受知于平章不忽木，辟為禮部令史，薦入御史臺(tái)，又為丞相掾，選授堂邑縣尹，懲強(qiáng)鋤暴，深孚民望，史載“去官十年，猶為立碑頌德”。隨后又任監(jiān)察御史。英宗在位時(shí)，因諫言觸怒皇帝。因而處處受限，深感宦海險(xiǎn)惡，此后不久，便以父老終養(yǎng)為由，棄官歸鄉(xiāng)，在故鄉(xiāng)的云莊過(guò)了八九年林泉隱居的閑散日子，雖朝廷再三征召，皆力辭不赴。直至關(guān)中大旱時(shí)，依然接受朝廷征召，遣散家財(cái)，登車就道。終于因?yàn)榉e勞成疾，卒于任所。

張養(yǎng)浩自幼好學(xué)，上自儒家經(jīng)典，下至諸子百家，唐詩(shī)、宋詞、筆記小說(shuō)，無(wú)所不讀，又詩(shī)賦、文章無(wú)所不能，尤長(zhǎng)于散曲。他隱居濟(jì)南云莊8年期間，登華不注，游大明湖，覽龍洞，賞泉水，“寄傲山林，縱情詩(shī)酒”，創(chuàng)作了大量詩(shī)文散曲。其作品流傳下來(lái)的有散曲小令160多首，詩(shī)近400首，各類文近百篇。

二．張養(yǎng)浩憂國(guó)憂民思想形成的原因

在散曲發(fā)展前期，我們確實(shí)看慣了散曲作家們筆下的山水風(fēng)月，聽(tīng)?wèi)T了他們的牢騷怨嘆，讀厭了他們的戀情相思時(shí)，然而一讀到張養(yǎng)浩的哀民散曲，便不啻于在百鳥啼喧中聽(tīng)到鸞鳳的引頸高鳴。張養(yǎng)浩人生的一次大轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)是他去陜西賑災(zāi)的時(shí)期，他由厭棄功名，到擔(dān)當(dāng)重任而救民于水火；也是他散曲創(chuàng)作的一次大轉(zhuǎn)變，即由寫個(gè)人的隱逸閑情，轉(zhuǎn)向社會(huì)人生，抒發(fā)了憂國(guó)憂民的懷抱。他在這最有價(jià)值的人生階段，寫出了最有價(jià)值的散曲作品。這是張養(yǎng)浩憂國(guó)憂民思想形成的個(gè)人政治經(jīng)歷因素，也是對(duì)他行文思想最重要的影響因素之一。

張養(yǎng)浩憂國(guó)憂民的思想也與他的出身的時(shí)代背景和家庭環(huán)境緊密相關(guān)。他不幸生活在一個(gè)不尊重知識(shí)、不尊重讀書人，尤其是特意壓制漢族讀書人的元代。他自幼接受的是儒家思想的熏陶，因而兼濟(jì)天下、大愛(ài)蒼生的抱負(fù)已經(jīng)深深織入他的生命，我們也可以從他沉浮仕隱的一生窺見(jiàn)一斑?！皣?guó)家社稷之所以血食悠久者，微民不能而也”。他把愛(ài)民、重民提到國(guó)家之興衰、事業(yè)之成敗的高度上來(lái)認(rèn)識(shí)，是頗有見(jiàn)地的。在儒家思想深根蒂固的影響下，他身體力行這勤政愛(ài)民，民為貴、君為輕的民本思想。而社會(huì)萬(wàn)物的沉浮，人民百姓的水深火熱讓他看到了社會(huì)的黑暗與無(wú)情，無(wú)奈已，發(fā)出“興，百姓苦；亡，百姓苦”的吶喊。其憂國(guó)憂民的思想與他身上深入骨髓的儒家大義密切相關(guān)。正是儒家的經(jīng)世致用、兼善天下、憂國(guó)憂民等思想的根深蒂固，使得張養(yǎng)浩“進(jìn)亦憂，退亦憂”，正是因?yàn)樗兄鴮?duì)黎民百姓的厚愛(ài)，對(duì)天下蒼生疾苦的憂心如焚，花甲之年的他毅然結(jié)束了閑居的生活，赴任陜西賑災(zāi)，正是因?yàn)樗冀K心系蒼生，哀民散曲最后在他的筆端綻放出光華。

三．從代表作《山坡羊潼關(guān)懷古》看張養(yǎng)浩憂國(guó)哀民思想的體現(xiàn)

就在陜西賑災(zāi)時(shí)，張養(yǎng)浩途中登臨潼關(guān)古塞，懷古思今，用《山坡羊》的曲調(diào)寫了九首懷古曲（《元史·張養(yǎng)浩傳》說(shuō)：“天歷二年，關(guān)中大旱，饑民相食，特拜張養(yǎng)浩為陜西行臺(tái)中丞。登天就道，遇饑者則賑之，死者則葬之?！保┰谒麄魇赖木攀讘压徘校罡腥诵恼?，當(dāng)推《潼關(guān)懷古》一首。這首散曲的寫作與張養(yǎng)浩在特定時(shí)空與親身見(jiàn)聞密切相關(guān)，可謂縱觀世變，吊古傷今，恨時(shí)局之險(xiǎn)惡，哀民生之多艱，氣勢(shì)雄渾，感情深沉，深刻體現(xiàn)了張養(yǎng)浩憂國(guó)憂民的思想。

“峰巒如聚，波濤如怒，山河表里潼關(guān)路。

望西都，意躊躇。

傷心秦漢經(jīng)行處，宮闕萬(wàn)間都做了土。

興，百姓苦；亡，百姓苦?！保ā渡狡卵?潼關(guān)懷古》張養(yǎng)浩）

前三句寫登臨潼關(guān)所見(jiàn)，由遠(yuǎn)至近，既是寫景也是抒情，含蓄地表達(dá)了心中

.波瀾起伏的情感?！胺鍘n如聚，波濤如怒，山河表里潼關(guān)路?！睒O寫潼關(guān)形勢(shì)的險(xiǎn)要。潼關(guān)地處陜西、山西、河南三省的要沖，外有黃河，內(nèi)在華山，重巒疊嶂的華山與波濤洶涌的黃河，把潼關(guān)路艱險(xiǎn)的狀貌映襯得更為突出?！熬邸焙汀芭睂懗隽松胶拥膭?dòng)態(tài)與靈性，將山的雄偉與水的奔騰之勢(shì)勾勒出來(lái)，有力地烘托了作者吊古傷今的悲憤傷感之情，同時(shí)以景鋪墊，為下文的憂國(guó)哀民思想作了鋪墊?！巴鞫肌彼木潼c(diǎn)題懷古，面對(duì)昔日帝都的遺址，作者展開(kāi)充分的想像，突出了歷史的變遷。落日蒼茫之中，潼關(guān)以西三百里，便是西京長(zhǎng)安，從秦漢到隋唐，好幾個(gè)朝代曾在那一帶建過(guò)都，當(dāng)年是何等的繁華、昌盛，可如今如今蹤影全消，剩下來(lái)的只有黃土一片，萬(wàn)千滋味涌上心頭，怎能不令詩(shī)人躊躇傷心呢？遙想當(dāng)年，秦之阿房，漢之未央，規(guī)模宏大，彌山縱谷，可如今崇麗之宮闕，寸瓦尺專皆蕩然無(wú)存，想到今番前去的任務(wù)，他又不禁感慨萬(wàn)千。因而引出了第六、七句“傷心秦漢經(jīng)行處，宮闕萬(wàn)間都做了土”的無(wú)限傷感。將其憂國(guó)憂民的思想進(jìn)一步延伸，更上一層內(nèi)涵。

“宮闕萬(wàn)間都作了土”，便是這由盛到衰的過(guò)程的真實(shí)寫照，在這里概括了歷代帝業(yè)盛衰興亡的滄桑變化。這里作者面對(duì)繁華過(guò)后的廢墟所發(fā)出的“傷心”實(shí)乃悲涼。同時(shí)詩(shī)人亦為百姓悲涼。當(dāng)“宮闕萬(wàn)間都做了土”的時(shí)候，人們只有“傷心”！他們?yōu)橹畟牡?，不是朝代的覆滅，而是他們的血汗乃至生命竟然是這樣付諸東流了；他們更為傷心的是，接踵而來(lái)的那一個(gè)朝代又要他們繼續(xù)付出血汗乃至生命。所以，不管哪個(gè)朝代，他們?cè)跉v史上的存在隨著時(shí)間的流逝都轉(zhuǎn)化成一代人痛苦的回憶。輝煌過(guò)去了，隨即而來(lái)是朝代的變換，百姓在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中的苦不堪言。此情此景，讓作家沉重的說(shuō)出 “興，百姓苦；亡，百姓苦”這句千古流傳的語(yǔ)句。道出了下層人民千百年來(lái)的悲劇命運(yùn)，強(qiáng)烈地抒發(fā)了作者對(duì)受苦受難人民的深切同情。這里，將張養(yǎng)浩憂國(guó)憂民的思想提升到最高處，可以看出此時(shí)他心中的悲憤已到達(dá)一個(gè)頂點(diǎn)，而哀傷與悲憤共存，表現(xiàn)出了詩(shī)人躊躇卻又無(wú)可奈何的心情，對(duì)此，只能哀嘆。

四．張養(yǎng)浩《山坡羊潼關(guān)懷古》的歷史意義

元的統(tǒng)治者對(duì)讀書人實(shí)行民族歧視政策，直到元仁宗延祐二年（公元1315年）才正式實(shí)行科舉取士制度，然而由于歷史遺留問(wèn)題過(guò)多，這種制度也是不公平的，因此造成下層讀書人在很大程度上對(duì)元統(tǒng)治者失去信心，對(duì)社會(huì)缺少責(zé)任

.感。所以同時(shí)期其他作家懷古作品都深刻地打上時(shí)代地烙印，多為抒發(fā)個(gè)人沉淪不遇之憂情。惟有《潼關(guān)懷古》洋溢著沉重的滄桑感和時(shí)代感。從作品內(nèi)容、作家其他懷古作品、同時(shí)期其他作家懷古作品三個(gè)層面上看，《潼關(guān)懷古》都表現(xiàn)為一份難得的沉重。

縱觀這首散曲，我們可以從每個(gè)字都感受到張養(yǎng)浩內(nèi)心深處對(duì)天下蒼生、百姓疾苦發(fā)出的無(wú)限凄苦，也體現(xiàn)了他對(duì)人民的關(guān)切和愛(ài)護(hù)，為國(guó)為民而積慮操勞。這是一位剛正不阿，關(guān)心民瘼，而又感情深沉的文學(xué)家。他痛恨一切禍害百姓的行為，更不能忍心看著百姓受苦而袖手旁觀?，F(xiàn)實(shí)人生的悲苦有著異常的敏感，有著設(shè)身處地般的痛切體驗(yàn)。他在關(guān)中災(zāi)民危難之際毅然出任陜西行臺(tái)中丞，他在遠(yuǎn)望長(zhǎng)安、審視古今時(shí)深切悟出“興，百姓苦；亡，百姓苦”的歷史真相，正是其憂患意識(shí)與人道情懷相互融合的具體反映。

從張養(yǎng)浩的這些哀民散曲中，我們可以管窺到他的憂國(guó)憂民，愛(ài)民為民的人生追求。元散曲的發(fā)展演變以及內(nèi)容上的覺(jué)醒，特別是哀民散曲的出現(xiàn)，張養(yǎng)浩功不可沒(méi)。張養(yǎng)浩的哀民散曲雖然不多，但是獨(dú)樹一幟。在元散曲的偌大沙盤中，他的此類散曲如金子般熠熠生輝，這些散去宛如一面鏡子，不僅反射給我們后來(lái)者歷史的美丑善惡，而且還折射著作家甚至元代文人的心路歷程。張養(yǎng)浩是不朽的，他的哀民散曲也是不朽的，參考文獻(xiàn)：

1.釹艷紅，論張養(yǎng)浩的哀民散曲與儒家思想[J]濟(jì)南職業(yè)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)

2.趙義山，張養(yǎng)浩哀民散曲簡(jiǎn)論[J]四川師范學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào) 1998年3月

3.李文舉 杜志敏，張養(yǎng)浩散曲的憂患意識(shí)[J]河南教育學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào) 1996年第2期 4.秦勤，論張養(yǎng)浩散曲創(chuàng)作的藝術(shù)風(fēng)格[J]天府新論2003年第一期

5.邱英明，張養(yǎng)浩《山坡羊.潼關(guān)懷古》賞析 [J]連云港教育學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)，1996.1

第五篇：中學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)中無(wú)窮思想的體現(xiàn)

龍?jiān)雌诳W(wǎng) http://.cn

中學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)中無(wú)窮思想的體現(xiàn) 作者：丁智林 楊子龍

來(lái)源：《讀寫算》2012年第45期