第一篇：2011年英語(yǔ)英譯漢
英譯漢
Could you show me the way to the train station? 你可以告訴我去火車站的路嗎？
Do you know where the post office is? 你知道郵局在哪兒?jiǎn)幔?/p>
Could you tell me how to get to the bank? 你可以告訴我如何去銀行嗎？
Could you tell me how to go to your university? 請(qǐng)你告訴我如何去你的大學(xué)，可以嗎？
When I was young, I liked singing and dancing.年輕時(shí)，我喜歡唱歌跳舞。
The question is too difficult to answer.這個(gè)問(wèn)題太難回答。
I haven't enough money for the coat.我的錢(qián)不夠買這件上衣。
David will get a birthday gift from his sister.戴維將從他的姐姐那里得到一份生日禮物。
Please give me your homework before leaving.請(qǐng)?jiān)陔x開(kāi)前將你的作業(yè)交給我。
What is the color of your new computer? 你的新電腦是什么顏色？
What did you do last week? 上星期你干什么了？
What a beautiful T-shirt you have!你的T恤衫真漂亮！
My watch is five minutes fast.我的表快了五分鐘。
We must arrive there on time.我們必須準(zhǔn)時(shí)到那兒。
Can you finish your work in time? 你能及時(shí)完成工作嗎？
I lost my keys on my way to work.在去上班的路上，我的鑰匙丟了。
When did you get up yesterday morning? 你昨天早上幾點(diǎn)起的床？
I had lunch with a friend of mine.我和我的一個(gè)朋友一塊吃了午飯。
I finished my work at 6 pm.下午6點(diǎn)我干完了活。
I didn't sleep well.我沒(méi)睡好。
I'm sorry to hear that.聽(tīng)到這消息我很遺憾。
I heard she got married last week.我聽(tīng)說(shuō)她上星期結(jié)婚了。
I take a walk in the early morning every day.我每天一大早出去散步。
We have known each other for 6 years.我們認(rèn)識(shí)有六年了。
I watched TV all night yesterday.我昨天看了一夜電視。
The movie began when we got there.我們一到那兒電影就開(kāi)演了。
When I arrived at the station, the train had already left.我到車站時(shí)，火車已經(jīng)開(kāi)了。
He knew the time of the meeting.他知道開(kāi)會(huì)時(shí)間。
How long has she lived there? 她在那兒住多久了？
Where did you go for dinner yesterday? 你們昨天去哪兒吃飯了？
When will he come to see you? 他什么時(shí)候會(huì)來(lái)看你？
Our teacher always encourages us to speak English bravely.我們的老師總是鼓勵(lì)我們大膽講英語(yǔ)。
You must always remember not to cheat in exams.你們必須記住永遠(yuǎn)都不要在考試時(shí)作弊。
This pair of shoes cost me 260 yuan.這雙鞋花了我260元錢(qián)。
How long will it take us to get there? 我們到那兒要用多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間？
I'm now a distance education student.我現(xiàn)在是一名遠(yuǎn)程教育學(xué)員。
The little boy wanted to exchange his toy car for my cake.這個(gè)小男孩想用他的玩具小汽車換我的蛋糕。
These five boys failed in their English exam last term.這五個(gè)男同學(xué)上學(xué)期的英語(yǔ)考試沒(méi)過(guò)。
One can never succeed without enough confidence in himself.一個(gè)人如果對(duì)自己沒(méi)有足夠的信心就不可能成功。
The price of gasoline will come down in Chinese market.中國(guó)市場(chǎng)上的汽油價(jià)將會(huì)下降。
Don't you think smoking is harmful to your health?
你不認(rèn)為抽煙對(duì)你的身體有害嗎？
I have no interest in what they say about me.我對(duì)別人怎么說(shuō)我不感興趣。
I don't know who broke the window.我不知道誰(shuí)打破了窗戶。
It is known to all that exercises are good for health.眾所周知，鍛煉有益于健康。
Not all Americans are interested in sports, of course.當(dāng)然，并非所有美國(guó)人都對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)感興趣。
I think the picture shows us how fruit is necessary to life.我想這幅圖是告訴我們水果對(duì)生活是不可缺的。
Does the computer have instructions on it? 電腦上面有使用說(shuō)明嗎？
You can buy water inside.你可以在里面買水喝。
I think everyone knows how to swim.我想每個(gè)人都知道如何游泳。
I'll have to try using the search engines.我得試著用這個(gè)搜索引擎。
Did you get that E-mail from me? 你收到我發(fā)的那封電子郵件了嗎?
Wang Li's father has taught English here since he
has graduated from Peking University.王麗的父親從北京大學(xué)畢業(yè)后就一直在這里教英語(yǔ)。Please give this book to whoever comes first.請(qǐng)把這本書(shū)給最先來(lái)的人。
Though it was late, they kept on working.盡管已經(jīng)很晚了，他們還在繼續(xù)工作。
Bill hit his car into a wall last night.昨晚比爾開(kāi)車時(shí)車撞到了墻上。
Would you please help me with this heavy box? 你能幫我抬一下這個(gè)很沉的箱子嗎？
Apples here like water and sunshine.這里的蘋(píng)果喜歡水和陽(yáng)光。
Fred was such a hardworking student that he soon
came out first in the class.弗瑞德是一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)十分用功的學(xué)生，以至于不久他
就成了班里學(xué)習(xí)最好的學(xué)生。
Ted and William have lived under the same roof for five years.泰德和威廉已經(jīng)在同一個(gè)屋檐下生活了五 年了。
You needn't go there anymore.He already knows about it.你不必去了，他已經(jīng)知道那件事了。
As is known to all, China is a developing country.眾所周知，中國(guó)是一個(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家。
A friend of mine from high school is working in England now.我的一個(gè)高中同學(xué)現(xiàn)在正在英格 蘭工作。
After I get home, I'll call you.到家以后，我會(huì)給你打電話。
Air is all around us.空氣無(wú)處不在。
Americans usually eat three meals a day.美國(guó)人通常一天吃三頓飯。
Beijing Olympic Games can make Chinese people work harder。北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)能讓中國(guó)人工作更努力。
Call me tomorrow if you have time.你明天如果有空給我電話。
Could you tell me how to get to the bank/your university?
你能告訴我去銀行/你的大學(xué)怎么走嗎？
Do you feel better now? 你現(xiàn)在感覺(jué)好些了嗎？
Do you like traveling? 你喜歡旅游嗎？
Do you think students should do a part-time job? 你認(rèn)為學(xué)生應(yīng)該去做兼職嗎？
Don't tell me what to do!別對(duì)我指手畫(huà)腳！
He can run as fast as Jim.他和吉姆跑得一樣快。
He had a traffic accident last week.上周他發(fā)生了車禍。
He has a foreign friend who lives in America.他有個(gè)住在美國(guó)的外國(guó)朋友。
He has sympathy for all poor people.他對(duì)所有的窮人有一顆憐憫之心。
He is a worldwide famous scientist.他是世界聞名的科學(xué)家。
He is sweating all over.他汗流浹背。
He offered to help us with our work.他在工作上給與我們幫助。3
He translated the famous novel into English.他把著名的小說(shuō)翻譯成英文。
How are you feeling today? 你今天感覺(jué)怎么樣？
How long do you watch TV every day? 你每天看多久電視？
How wide is this street? 這條街有多寬？
How will you spend the evening? 你今晚打算怎么過(guò)？
I buy some food on my way home.我在回家的路上買了些食物。
I don't feel very well.我感覺(jué)不太好。
I found $10 on the street.我在路上撿到10美元。
I get to my office at 10:30.我10點(diǎn)半到辦公室。
I got married ten years ago./My parents were married in 1954.我十年前結(jié)婚了。/我父母是1954年結(jié)婚的。
I guess he is ill.我想他生病了。
I have a pain in my back.我背痛。
I hope you'll be well soon.希望你早日康復(fù)。I slept soundly all night.我整夜睡得很熟。
I think you're wrong.我覺(jué)得你錯(cuò)了。
I'll phone you again when I get home.我回到家會(huì)再打你電話的。
I'll stay at home and watch TV.我要待在家里，看電視。
I'll tell you what to do next.我會(huì)告訴你下一步要怎么做。
I'll tell you when to stop working.我會(huì)告訴你什么時(shí)候停止工作。
I'm going to buy a monthly ticket tomorrow.明天我會(huì)去買一張?jiān)缕薄?/p>
I'm having a headache now.我現(xiàn)在頭痛。
I'm not an English major student.我不是英語(yǔ)專業(yè)的學(xué)生。
I'm very much eager to improve my oral English.我非常急迫地想提高我的英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)。
It is a fine spring day.一個(gè)美好的春天。
It is not necessary to do this work.這個(gè)工作不是非做不可。
It rained every day while I was in Shanghai.我在上海的時(shí)候每天都在下雨。
I've changed my mind.我已經(jīng)改變了我的想法。
Let's go dancing tonight.我們今天晚上去跳舞吧。
May I have a look at the watch/your pictures? 我可以看下你的表/照片嗎？
On that flight were a mother and her four-year-old
son, whose name was Jeffrey.那個(gè)航班上有一個(gè)母親和她叫杰弗瑞的四歲的兒子。
People all over the world are trying to help the
people in Sichuan.全世界的人都在努力幫助四川人民。
Please give me a glass of beer.請(qǐng)給我一杯啤酒。
Please tell me where I can find these books.請(qǐng)告訴我哪里能找到這些書(shū)。
She was late for work again.她工作又遲到了。
She's free on Friday and Saturday.她周五和周六有空。
Students can study by themselves through school network.學(xué)生能通過(guò)校園網(wǎng)自助學(xué)習(xí)。
The doctor told me to have more water.醫(yī)生告訴我要多喝水。
The school management must be improved.學(xué)校的管理必須改進(jìn)。
They are ordinary people, but did a great job.他們是普通人，但是做了不平凡的工作。
They seem to have more activities at night than in the day.他們好像晚上的活動(dòng)比白天多。
This custom has a long tradition.這個(gè)習(xí)俗有著悠久傳統(tǒng)。
Trees need water to grow.樹(shù)木生長(zhǎng)需要水。
We should encourage him to have confidence in himself.我們應(yīng)該鼓勵(lì)他要自信。
Who can help me clean the room? 誰(shuí)能幫我打掃房間？
Why not go out for a walk? 出去走走怎么樣？
Would you like some mineral water? 你想來(lái)點(diǎn)礦泉水嗎？
Would you please open the door for me? 能幫我開(kāi)門(mén)嗎？
You don't need to buy that.你不需要買這個(gè)。
You should stop smoking.You shouldn't smoke too much.你應(yīng)該戒煙。你抽煙抽太多了。
Though it was late.They kept on working.盡管已經(jīng)很晚了，他們還在繼續(xù)工作。
Bill hit his car into a wall last night.昨晚比爾開(kāi)車時(shí)車撞到了墻上。
Would you please help me with this heavy box? 你能幫我抬一下這個(gè)很沉的箱子嗎？
Apples here like water and sunshine.這里的蘋(píng)果喜歡水和陽(yáng)光。
A lot of natural resources in the mountain area are to be exploited and used.那個(gè)山區(qū)有許多自然資源有待于開(kāi)發(fā)利用。
In Foreign Languages Department, a checking machine
is used to correct the students' est papers.外語(yǔ)教研部用閱卷機(jī)給學(xué)生批卷。
The students are encouraged by their teacher to do
more listening, reading and writing.老師鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生多聽(tīng)，多讀，多寫(xiě)。
The plan has been over fulfilled by now.目前，已經(jīng)超額完成計(jì)劃。
The most common samples of inorganic materials are
the gases of the atmosphere, water, rocks, etc.大氣中的氣體、水、巖石都是無(wú)機(jī)物中最普通的實(shí)例。
There is a large amount of energy wasted due to
friction.由于摩擦而損耗了大量的能量。
This place has plentiful material resources.這個(gè)地方的物質(zhì)資源是豐富的。
Various substances differ widely in their magnetic
characteristics.各種材料的磁性有很大的不同。
Transistors are small in size and light in weight.晶體管的體積小，重量輕。
John and his brother differ in personality even if
their differences in age are not significant.盡管約翰和他哥哥在年紀(jì)上相差不大，但他們個(gè)性
卻不相同。
The more passions we have, the more happiness we are
likely to experience.我們的激情越多，我們有可能體驗(yàn)到的快樂(lè)就越多。
Each time history repeats itself, the price goes up.歷史每重演一次，代價(jià)就增加。
In an age of plenty, we feel spiritual hunger.在這個(gè)物質(zhì)財(cái)富充裕的時(shí)代，我們感到精神上的饑渴。
If you decided to learn a new language, you would
have to dedicate yourself wholeheartedly to the
cause.如果你決定學(xué)一門(mén)新的語(yǔ)言，你必須全身心地投入。
Karsh was praised as a master portraitist, often
working in black and white, influenced by great
painters of the past.卡什被人們譽(yù)為人像大師，由于受到歷史上一些著
名畫(huà)家的影響，他在拍攝中經(jīng)常運(yùn)用黑白攝影。
In no other country in the world can you find such
plants as this one.像這種植物在世界上的其他任何一個(gè)國(guó)家中都找不到。
I was having a nap when suddenly the telephone rang.我在睡覺(jué)時(shí)，電話鈴聲突然響了。
All that glitters is not gold.閃光的東西，未必都是金子。
He told me that he had lived in America for ten years
before he came to China.他告訴我, 在來(lái)中國(guó)前他在美國(guó)已生活十年了。
All things are difficult before they are easy.凡事總是由難而易。
Tom has taught English here since he graduated from
Oxford University.湯姆從牛津大學(xué)畢業(yè)后就一直在這里教英語(yǔ)。
Visitors who come here like the beach and sunshine.來(lái)這里的游客喜歡沙灘和陽(yáng)光。
Please give this ticket to whoever comes first.請(qǐng)把這張票給最先來(lái)的人。
The higher the temperature of a body, the quicker
the motion of its molecules.物體的溫度越高，其分子的運(yùn)動(dòng)就越快。
Whether they will hold a meeting has not been decided.要不要開(kāi)會(huì)還沒(méi)有決定。
The child talks as if he were a man.那孩子說(shuō)起話來(lái)就好像是個(gè)大人似的。
Never before in her life has Helen seen such
beautiful and precious jewelry.海倫一生中從未見(jiàn)過(guò)如此漂亮和珍貴的珠寶。
The bridge being built will be completed in May.正在修建的那座橋?qū)⒂?月完工。
Mary was such a hardworking student that she soon
came out first in the class.瑪麗是一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)十分用功的學(xué)生，不久她就成了班
里學(xué)習(xí)最好的學(xué)生。
Everything considered, their plan is still workable.所有因素都考慮到，他們的計(jì)劃仍是可行的。
Everyone enjoys being praised instead of criticized.每個(gè)人都喜歡被表?yè)P(yáng)而不是受到批評(píng)。
Peter was too young to understand all that.皮特太年輕, 無(wú)法明白這一切。
I got a decayed tooth pulled off yesterday.我昨天把一顆蛀牙拔了。
If you invest all your money in one hotel, you'll
have all your eggs in one basket.要是你把所有的錢(qián)都投資在一個(gè)賓館里，你就是在
孤注一擲。
We are very grateful to you for what you have done
for us all these years.我們非常感謝這些年來(lái)你為我們所做的一切。
He has made it clear that he has nothing to do with her.他已經(jīng)表明了他與她無(wú)關(guān)。
Had the car gone over the cliff, they would have been
killed.如果汽車當(dāng)時(shí)翻到懸崖下, 他們?cè)缇蛦拭恕?
With winter coming on, it's time to buy warm clothes.小男孩找不到了，他的父母對(duì)他的安全憂心忡忡。
If you travel by ship across the Pacific Ocean, you
cross the International line.如果你坐船穿過(guò)太平洋，那你就穿過(guò)了國(guó)際線。
People always hate mice, but one mouse won the
people’s heart of the whole world.人們總是痛恨老鼠，但是有一只老鼠卻贏得了全世
界人民的心。
What do you think about ….?
你覺(jué)得……怎么樣？
Great wall is so wide for six horses to go side by
side.長(zhǎng)城寬得足夠六匹馬肩并肩地走。
Five days is too long for me to wait.Do you want
to wait?
五天的等待對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)太久了，你想等嗎？
Don’t trust him no matter what he says.不管他說(shuō)什么都別相信他。
Would you like some coffee? There’s still a little
left.你想要一些咖啡嗎？還有一點(diǎn)剩下。
We admire him although he makes a lot of mistakes;
after all he is a great man.盡管他犯了很多錯(cuò)誤我們還是很敬佩他，畢竟他是
一個(gè)偉人。
….three times as much here…
……三倍多
A dolphin is always well-known as a clever and
friendly animal.海豚以聰明和友好的動(dòng)物聞名。
He was satisfied with his new car, and drove to work
the very next day.他很滿意他的新車，第二天就開(kāi)去上班了。
You are free to go or stay.你可以自由地選擇走或留。
Fires may do more damage than the earthquake.火災(zāi)比地震更有破壞力。
When she left school, she went first to Britain.她畢業(yè)以后首先去了英國(guó)。
The polluted air becomes poisonous and dangerous to
our health.污染了的空氣對(duì)我們的健康變得毒害和危險(xiǎn)。
Who’s going to answer the door?
誰(shuí)去開(kāi)門(mén)？
Some people find it difficult to ask for help.有些人覺(jué)得請(qǐng)求幫助很困難。
Jim was intelligent, but he hated hard work.吉姆很聰明，但是不喜歡努力工作。
My classmate is cleverer than I.我的同學(xué)比我聰明。
I think she’ll change the mind tomorrow.我認(rèn)為她明天會(huì)改變她的想法。
You’d better do that again.你最好再做一次。
Some of the pictures were shown in an art museum in
Shanghai when she was 4 years old.當(dāng)她四歲時(shí)，在上海的一個(gè)藝術(shù)博物館展出了一些畫(huà)。
I’m thinking about a visit to Paris.我在考慮去趟巴黎。
He didn’t need to attend the meeting.他不需要參加會(huì)議。
I’m busy studying for my exams.我正忙著復(fù)習(xí)考試。
The teacher came earlier than expected.老師比預(yù)計(jì)提前到了。
Have you seen Tom recently? 你最近見(jiàn)過(guò)湯姆嗎？
If you take vitamins, you will have more energy.如果你服用維生素，精力會(huì)更足些。
Air pollution is more serious than water pollution.空氣污染比水污染更嚴(yán)重。
He prefers coffee to tea.咖啡和茶相比，他更喜歡咖啡。
He is one of the greatest writers in the world.他是世界上最好的作家之一。
They were sitting in the park, playing cards.他們坐在公園里玩撲克牌。
I hope we can have some snow this winter.我希望這個(gè)冬天能下點(diǎn)雪。
How long will you be staying in China? 你在中國(guó)呆多久？
Inside, this large plane looks more like a high
building than a plane.從里面看，這架大飛機(jī)更像一幢高樓而不像一架飛機(jī)。
He wanted to help all the wounded people no matter which side they were fighting for.他想幫助所有的傷員，無(wú)論他們是為哪一方而戰(zhàn)。
The farmer didn’t spend much time working on his farm.這位農(nóng)民沒(méi)有花很多的時(shí)間在他的農(nóng)場(chǎng)工作。
Would you mind closing the window for me? 你可以幫我關(guān)下窗戶嗎？
Who is the girl in white shirt? 穿白襯衣的女孩是誰(shuí)？
He shows a great interest in learning English.他對(duì)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)表現(xiàn)出極大的興趣。
It is no good hoping to read all these books.要把所有書(shū)都讀完是不可能的。
I slept soundly all night.我整夜睡得很熟。
I met one of my old friends on my way home yesterday evening.昨晚在回家路上我遇到了我的一位老朋友.I picked up the bag to protect my face from the smoke
and heat.我撿起包捂在臉上擋住煙和熱.Mark couldn’t come to the party because he had to
work.馬克因?yàn)椴坏貌还ぷ?不能來(lái)參加我們的晚會(huì).6
We cannot tell when an earthquake is coming.我們不能斷定地震什么時(shí)候發(fā)生。
The friend saw everything but did not say a single
word.朋友目睹一切,卻只字不提。Each year some of his money is given to the best
scientists and writers of the world.每年，他拿出一部分錢(qián)給世界上最優(yōu)秀的科學(xué)家和 作家。
I hurried to my office.我匆忙趕到了辦公室。
In fact, he did not even own a bed.事實(shí)上，他連張床都沒(méi)有。
He called the doctor and made sure they would meet
at five.他打電話和醫(yī)生確認(rèn)他們將在五點(diǎn)見(jiàn)面。
I got there by plane late at night.我深夜才坐飛機(jī)到那兒。
I’m looking forward to your visit to China.我期待你的中國(guó)之旅。
This box can hold more books than one.這個(gè)箱子不止裝一本書(shū)。
Please give me your advice.請(qǐng)你給我建議。
I am writing this letter to complain about the
service in your hotel.我正在寫(xiě)信投訴你們賓館的服務(wù)。
You and your team can discover the answer to
problems together.你和你的團(tuán)隊(duì)可以共同探索問(wèn)題的答案。
Smoking can seriously harm your health.吸煙對(duì)你的健康危害很大。
Fewer high school students are smoking now than a
few years ago.相比若干年前，現(xiàn)在吸煙的高中生少了。
I hope you will change your mind tomorrow.我希望明天你能改變你的想法。
Do you go swimming every day? 你每天都去游泳嗎？
Business success depends on hard work.事業(yè)上的成功依靠努力。
Good health is an essential part of good life.身體健康是幸福生活的必要前提。
How much does a parrot like this cost? 這只鸚鵡多少錢(qián)？
Eastern culture is different from western.東西文化存在差異。
I feel lonely without you.沒(méi)有你，我感到孤單。
He looks much older than his age.他比實(shí)際年齡看上去老得多。
Young persons under 25 make up half of the American
population.25歲以下的年輕人占到美國(guó)人口的一半以上。
I play football with my classmates.我和我的同學(xué)們踢球。
From the East coast to the West it is about 3,000
miles wide.東西寬度約為3000英里。
I’ve lost interest in my work.我已經(jīng)對(duì)我的工作失去了興趣。
I got to the library by bus.我坐公車去圖書(shū)館。
I feel satisfied with my life.我對(duì)我的生活感到滿意。
Could you give me a cup of coffee, please? 請(qǐng)你給我一杯咖啡好嗎？
Are you fond of music? 你喜歡音樂(lè)嗎？
I want to get back home by five o’clock if it is possible.如果可能的話，我想5點(diǎn)鐘回家。
How are you doing these days? 你最近怎么樣？
There are 45 students in each class of the school.學(xué)校每個(gè)班級(jí)有45個(gè)學(xué)生。
第二篇：學(xué)位英語(yǔ)(英譯漢)
英 譯 漢
★In 1870,horses and mules were the prime source of power on U.S.farms.在1870年，馬和騾子是美國(guó)農(nóng)場(chǎng)的主要?jiǎng)趧?dòng)力來(lái)源。
★Those signs include the thousand and one ways in which we orient ourselves to the situation of daily life.那些信號(hào)包括許許多多我們適應(yīng)日常生活環(huán)境的方式。
★Most Americans,however,see romantic love as essential for a successful marriage,and tend to look askance at anyone who marries for a more practical reason in which love plays no part.然而，大多數(shù)美國(guó)人把浪漫的愛(ài)看作是成功婚姻必不可少的組成部分，而且往往蔑視任何為了更實(shí)際的理由，而不是為了愛(ài)而結(jié)婚的人。
★If they can sense colour differences then perhaps we,too,are affected by colour unconsciously.如果他們能夠覺(jué)察出顏色的差異，那么我們可能也不知不覺(jué)地受到顏色的影響。
★People exposed to bright red show an increase in heartbeat,and blood pressure;red is exciting.當(dāng)人們處于鮮紅顏色面前，心跳會(huì)加快，血壓也會(huì)升高；這表明紅色令人激動(dòng)。
★In order to learn to be one’s true self,it is necessary to obtain a wide and extensive knowledge of what has been said and done in the world.要想了解真實(shí)的自我，必須深入、廣泛的探索前人所說(shuō)過(guò)的話，所做的事情。
★This element of the unknown has for centuries added greatly to the fear and horror surrounding earthquakes,but in recent times there have been indications that earthquake prediction may be possible.數(shù)百年來(lái)，地震的不可知性給地震蒙上了極大的恐懼和驚慌，然而近幾次的地震發(fā)生之前已經(jīng)顯露一些跡象。
★The accuracy of scientific observations and calculations is always at the mercy of the scientist’s timekeeping methods.科學(xué)觀察和計(jì)算的精確度常取決于科學(xué)家的計(jì)時(shí)方法。
★In Frederick,students’parents are buying classroom supplies and offering to pay for groceries and utilities to keep first-year teachers and principals in their jobs.在Frederick地區(qū)，學(xué)生家長(zhǎng)們出資購(gòu)買教室用品，并主動(dòng)為學(xué)校第一年的教師和校長(zhǎng)們支付所需的各類雜貨及水電費(fèi)，以此來(lái)留住他們繼續(xù)工作下去。
★“Rumors about what’s happening to the district are moving at lighting speed.”said a student.“We wanted to know the truth,and spread that around instead.”一位學(xué)生說(shuō)：“關(guān)于這個(gè)地區(qū)的流言正在以閃電般速度傳播著，我們想知道真相，并且傳播真相?！?/p>
★Yet the waves,no matter how big or how violent,affect only the surface of the sea.然而，不管水波多大、多猛烈，只對(duì)海面造成影響。
★In the U.S.,the figure is much higher than in Great Britian,and people there spend over 10 percent of their income on the installment plan.在美國(guó)，這個(gè)數(shù)字要比英國(guó)高得多，每個(gè)人將他們收入的百分之十花費(fèi)在分期付款上。
★The idea of a fish being able to generate electricity strong enough to light lamp bulbs-or even to run a small electric motor-is almost unbelievable,but several kinds of fish are able to do this.魚(yú)產(chǎn)生的電流能點(diǎn)亮電燈——或者甚至能帶動(dòng)小型電動(dòng)馬達(dá)——是多么不可思議，但是有些魚(yú)確實(shí)可以。
★Engineering studengs are supposed to be examples
of practicality and rationality,but when it comes to my college education I am an idealist and a fool.工科的學(xué)生往往被看成是實(shí)際和理性的榜樣，但是就我的大學(xué)教育而言，我是一個(gè)理想主義者和傻瓜。
★The reality that has blocked my path to become the typical successful student is that engineering and the liberal arts simply don’t mix as easily as I assumed in high school.擺在我面前阻礙我成為一名成功學(xué)生的現(xiàn)實(shí)就在于工科與文科并不像我在高中時(shí)所認(rèn)為的那樣，兩者并不是簡(jiǎn)單地融合在一起。
★When the light reaches the other end,it is first changed into electrical signals,which are in turn converted into sound messages.光到達(dá)另一端后，首先轉(zhuǎn)化成電流信號(hào)，隨后再轉(zhuǎn)化為聲音信息?！颕n most cases these individuals are dreaming of wealth and fame,not the long hours alone at a typewriter.多數(shù)情況下，這些人正夢(mèng)想著的是財(cái)富和名望，而不是在打字機(jī)前長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的工作?！顱ecause we live in a democratic nation,whose citizens make the policies for the nation,large numbers of us must be educated to understand,to support,and when necessary,to judge the work of experts.因?yàn)槲覀兩钤谝粋€(gè)民主的國(guó)家，由公民制定國(guó)家的政策，我們中的許多人必須接受教育，學(xué)會(huì)理解、支持，必要的時(shí)候還要判斷專家的工作。
★There are many communities and populations which have lost precious recoards due to tragic events such as the fire in the Irish courts during Civil War in 1921 or American slaves for whom many records were never kept in the first place.在很多地區(qū)，相當(dāng)多的人曾因?yàn)橐恍┍瘎∈录ニ麄冋滟F的資料，如1921年內(nèi)戰(zhàn)期間愛(ài)爾蘭法庭失火這樣的悲劇，又如美國(guó)奴隸，對(duì)于他們來(lái)說(shuō)就有很多珍貴資料未能夠保留下來(lái)。
★Theoretically,any individual will someday be able to trace his or her family origins through this database.理論上，有一天任何人都能通過(guò)這個(gè)資料庫(kù)查處他或她家族的起源。
★On the contrary,to avoid problems in aerial navigation,the wheelless vehicle probably will travel no more than three inches above road surface.相反，為了避免天線導(dǎo)航，沒(méi)有輪子的汽車將在離地面不超過(guò)3英寸的距離行駛。
★I appeal to you to clarify this issue so that the poor elderly of our city many become aware of the housing benefits for which they qualify.我請(qǐng)求你闡明這個(gè)問(wèn)題，這樣我們這個(gè)城市里貧窮的老人就可以了解到他們有資格享有住房的津貼?！颕t was believed that a person was sick because he had been attacked by evil spirits.人們認(rèn)為生病是遭受惡魔的攻擊。
★We are concerned to develop the ability of all our pupils into the full,not just their academic ability.我們關(guān)系的是全面充分地發(fā)展我們每一位學(xué)生的能力，而不僅僅是他們的學(xué)習(xí)能力。
★We expect our pupils to do their best,not their least,and we give them every encouragement to attain this goal.我們期望學(xué)生能夠不遺余力盡其所能，為達(dá)到此目標(biāo)我們也將給予他們充分的鼓勵(lì)。
★The wheel is the simplest yet perhaps the most remarkable of all inventions,because there are no wheels in nature---no living thing was ever created with wheels.輪子是最簡(jiǎn)單的發(fā)明，或許也是最偉大的發(fā)明，因?yàn)樽匀唤缭緵](méi)有輪子——沒(méi)有任何生
物是輪子創(chuàng)造的。
★Girls exceed boys in language abilities,and this early linguistic bias often prevails throughout life.女孩在語(yǔ)言能力上勝過(guò)男孩，而且這種早期就暴露的語(yǔ)言方面的偏向常常影響終生。
★Grandma Moses painted a little as a child and made embroidery pictures as a hobby,but only switched to oils in old age because her hands had become too stiff to sew and she wanted to keep busy and pass the time.摩西奶奶小的時(shí)候畫(huà)過(guò)些畫(huà)，之后繪制刺繡圖案成了她的愛(ài)好。老了以后，她的手指變得僵硬不能縫紉，而她還希望保持忙碌打發(fā)時(shí)間，就轉(zhuǎn)向油畫(huà)。★The project provided opportunities for researches from India and abroad to study tigers in the reserves and gather previously unavailable information about their habits.這個(gè)方案給印度和國(guó)外的研究者提供了機(jī)會(huì)，使他們可以在保護(hù)區(qū)內(nèi)研究老虎，收集以前難以獲得的有關(guān)老虎習(xí)性的資料。
★L(fēng)and problem is becoming serious and many rural people feel bitter about the fact that some rich forests are reserved for tigers.土地問(wèn)題變得越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重了，令許多農(nóng)民痛心的是，一些肥沃的森林地區(qū)被圈起來(lái)，建成了老虎保護(hù)區(qū)。
★In learning a foreign language,the best beginning is with the non-verbal linguistic elements of the language,its gestures,its body language.學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言最好從語(yǔ)言的非語(yǔ)言方面、手勢(shì)和身勢(shì)語(yǔ)入門(mén)。
★Originally the White House was gray and was called the Presidential Palace.最初白宮是灰色的，并且被叫做總統(tǒng)府。
★This new activity involved all the original hunting sequences but the aim of the operation was no longer to avoid starvation.這種新的活動(dòng)包括原先狩獵的一系列行為，而目的已不再是避免饑餓。
★Some scientists say that 16 of these mirrors,each about half a mile across,could aim their reflected light at one area on the earth that was about 200 miles by 300 miles.一些科學(xué)家認(rèn)為可用16面直徑為半英里的鏡子將反射光照射到地球表面約為60000平方英里的區(qū)域。
★What no one knows yet is what effect this artificial daytime would have on plants,animals,and humans.目前，人們還不知道的是這種人造白天對(duì)植物、動(dòng)物和人會(huì)有什么影響。
★Still,the fact remains that women are now free to enter any career that attracts them,the situation has improved,and the tide is not likely to turn back.然而，事實(shí)上女性如今可以自由選擇所喜愛(ài)的職業(yè)；情況改善了，這一潮流不可能逆轉(zhuǎn)。
★Ford realized he could use this assembly line method to build cars.福特意識(shí)到他可以用這種裝配線的方法來(lái)生產(chǎn)他的汽車。
★At the early attempts,the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growth,a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea.在初始階段海底電纜沒(méi)能安裝成功，當(dāng)科研人員將電纜運(yùn)出海面對(duì)其進(jìn)行檢修時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)電纜表面長(zhǎng)滿了瘤狀物，這個(gè)事實(shí)表明海洋深處并不存在生命，這與現(xiàn)代科學(xué)見(jiàn)解相佐。
★Studies by the Council of Europe,of which 21 countries are members,have shown that 45 percent of reptile species and 24 percent of butterflies are in danger of dying out.由21個(gè)成員國(guó)組成的歐洲委員會(huì)的一項(xiàng)研究顯示，百分之四十五的爬行物種及百分之二十四的蝴蝶瀕臨滅絕。
★Dr.Baum went on,“we could manage without most industrial products,but we could not manage without nature.Baum博士繼續(xù)說(shuō)道，“沒(méi)有工業(yè)產(chǎn)品我們一樣能夠生活下去，但脫離了自然我們就無(wú)法生存。
★Some critics claim that no excuse is acceptable for not informing subjects about the nature of an experiment and giving them a chance to refuse to participate.一些批評(píng)家聲稱沒(méi)有任何理由讓實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象在不了解實(shí)驗(yàn)性質(zhì)，沒(méi)有機(jī)會(huì)選擇拒絕的情況下參與實(shí)驗(yàn)。
★He took a trip to southern,and there he found just the weather and scenery he needed to finish his movie.他去加州南部旅行，在那里他恰好發(fā)現(xiàn)了要完成他的電影所需的天氣和風(fēng)景。
★Primary and secondary education is financed almost entirely by the state out of central and local tax revenues.中小學(xué)幾乎全額依靠中央和地方稅收撥款。
★The current opinion seems to be that this should include a general knowledge of what computers are,plus a little of their history and something of how they operate.目前的看法似乎是這樣的，這必須包括一種關(guān)于計(jì)算機(jī)本身定義的基本知識(shí)，還需具備一些計(jì)算機(jī)的發(fā)展歷史及其操作知識(shí)。
★We effectively use all types of electrical equipment without being able to tell their history or to explain how they work..我們能夠有效地使用各種電子設(shè)備，而不需要知道它們的歷史或者它們是如何工作的。
★At times they even sleep in their van instead of a hotel,just to save money.有時(shí)他們甚至在自己的篷車?yán)?，而不是在旅館里睡覺(jué)，只是為了省錢(qián)。★As a result,these areas send out less heat and light and thus appear from Earth to be almost dark irregular surface patches.這些區(qū)域釋放的熱量和光線較弱，因而從地球上看，表面幾乎形成不規(guī)則的暗區(qū)?！顲omputer technology enabled the reserchers,to obtain precise measurements of the volume of the front and side sections of the brain,which relate to intellect and emotion,and determine the human character.電腦技術(shù)讓研究者能準(zhǔn)確地測(cè)量大腦前部和側(cè)面的容量，它們與智力、情感有關(guān)，決定著人的性格。
★The interview is an important event in the job-hunting process,because the 20 or 30 minutes you spend with the interviewer may determine whether or not you get the particular job you want.面試是求職過(guò)程中一件重要的事情，因?yàn)槟愫兔嬖嚾艘黄鸲冗^(guò)的二三十分鐘可能決定你是否能得到你想要的那個(gè)工作。
★If possible,you should negotiate for salary after you have been offered a job and when you are ready to complete the paperwork.如果有可能的話，你應(yīng)在得到一份工作，并且在你做好準(zhǔn)備完成日常文書(shū)工作后再與雇傭方協(xié)商工資問(wèn)題。
★He is,even today,a symbol of courage and adventure.他即使今天都是勇氣和歷險(xiǎn)的象征。Henning studied how students who are learning English as a second language remember vocabulary.Henning研究了把英語(yǔ)作為外語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)生是如何記詞匯的。
★In time,the migration became a habit,and now,although the glaciers have disappeared,the habit continues.遷徙成為一種習(xí)慣，現(xiàn)在盡管冰川已經(jīng)消失，這種習(xí)慣仍然繼續(xù)。
★Problems come when any particular section is too thick and not sticking to the section beneath.The snow of the past few weeks had been falling in rather higher temperatures than those of December and early January.當(dāng)積雪的任何一部分太厚，并且與下面的部分不相粘結(jié)的話，問(wèn)題就出現(xiàn)了。過(guò)去幾星期下的雪在高于十二月到一月份上旬的溫度下開(kāi)始融化。
★The one comfort to recreational skiers,however,is that avalanche incidents on the marked ski slopes are quite rare.No ski resort wants the image of being a death trap.對(duì)于度假的滑雪者來(lái)說(shuō)，令人欣慰的是，雪崩事故很少發(fā)生在有足跡的滑雪坡上。
★L(fēng)osing weight is hard work,but most people want to find a fast and easy way to take off fat.減肥是件苦差事，大多數(shù)人都想找到一條又快又簡(jiǎn)單的減肥方法。
★The respect in which he was held was partly owing to the man himself,with his warm friendliness,his good sense,his urbanity,his gay spirits,his artistic integrity,and his love of both the Old World and the New.他受到尊重部分源自其自身，他友好、判斷能力強(qiáng)、文雅、開(kāi)朗、正直，新、舊世界他都熱愛(ài)?！颣idneys can be conserved in this simple way for 24 to 48 hours with little deterioration,and during this time they can be moved for long distances.用這種簡(jiǎn)單的方法，腎臟可以保存24到48小時(shí)而不會(huì)變質(zhì)，在此段時(shí)間里能被轉(zhuǎn)移到很遠(yuǎn)的地方。
★A simple and common method used by many consumers is to complain directly to the store manager.很多顧客采用的一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單又常用的方法是直接向商店經(jīng)理投訴。
★She or he can threaten to take the seller to court or report the seller to a private or public organization responsible for protecting consumers’ rights.她或他（顧客）會(huì)將賣方告上法庭，或者他們會(huì)向保護(hù)消費(fèi)者權(quán)益的私人或公共機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行舉報(bào)。
★In this way,better quality products at good values are continually being brought to the people of all income groups.這樣，性價(jià)比高的商品可以不斷地提供給不同收入層次的人們。
★Bearing in mind the nature of the translator’s work,i.e.,the processing of the written word,it is,strictly speaking,unnecessary that he should be able to speak the languages he is dealing with.牢記翻譯者工作的性質(zhì)，即對(duì)書(shū)面語(yǔ)進(jìn)行操作，嚴(yán)格地說(shuō)，并不要求翻譯者一定能夠講他正在翻譯的語(yǔ)言。★It is also possible for a student to move between one university and another during his degree course,though this is not in fact done as a regular practice.學(xué)生也可能在學(xué)習(xí)期間在兩所大學(xué)交叉學(xué)習(xí)，盡管這樣做并不常見(jiàn)。
★Money laundering is the process by which money obtained by illegal means is given the appearance of legitimate income and returned into circulation.洗錢(qián)是將非法途徑得來(lái)的金錢(qián)，在合法收入的掩蓋下使之進(jìn)入流通領(lǐng)域。
★The liberlization of markets around the world and deregulation of exchange controls are regarded as the chief causes of the rapid expansion of the money laundering over the past decade.市場(chǎng)的（過(guò)度）自由及對(duì)匯率控制的撤銷成為過(guò)去十年來(lái)洗錢(qián)活動(dòng)迅速發(fā)展的兩大主要原因。
★Nobel preferred not to be remembered as the inventor of dynamite,so in 1895,just two weeks before his death,he created a found to be used for awarding prizes to people who had made worthwhile contrybutions to mankind.諾貝爾寧愿自己不是作為甘油炸藥的發(fā)明者而被人們記住，因此，他在1895年去世前的兩個(gè)星期，創(chuàng)立了一項(xiàng)基金，獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)對(duì)人類做出有價(jià)值貢獻(xiàn)的人們。
★Memorization is an important learning method in Japanese school,yet many students say that after an exam,they forget much of the information that they have memorized.死記硬背是日本學(xué)習(xí)采用的一種重要的學(xué)習(xí)方法，然而很多學(xué)生反映，考試過(guò)后他們就忘記了背過(guò)的大部分內(nèi)容。
★Teach him it is far more honorable to fail than to cheat.教導(dǎo)他失敗比作弊要光榮得多。
★Clothes which have been worn only a few times have to be put aside because of the change of fashion.因?yàn)闀r(shí)尚的變化，衣裳僅僅穿了幾次就要被丟到一邊。
★Do the constantly changing fashions of women’s clothes,one wonders,reflect basic qualities of inconstancy and instability?有人會(huì)想，女性服飾時(shí)尚不斷發(fā)生改變的事實(shí)是不是反映出其本身存在的一種變化無(wú)常、及不穩(wěn)定的基本特性呢？
★The producers of instant coffee found their product strongly resisted in the market places despite their product’s obvious advantages.盡管產(chǎn)品本身具備顯而易見(jiàn)的優(yōu)勢(shì)，速溶咖啡的生產(chǎn)者發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的產(chǎn)品在市場(chǎng)上嚴(yán)重受阻。
★Many of the centenarians emphasized the importance of being independent and free to do the things they enjoyed and wanted to do,and of maintaining a placid state of mind free from worry or emotional strain.許多百歲老人強(qiáng)調(diào)獨(dú)立自由地做自己想做的事情，遠(yuǎn)離煩惱和情感壓力，保持平靜的心態(tài)很重要。
★Even if a job is not perfect for you,every interview can make you learn from it.即使某一份工作對(duì)你來(lái)說(shuō)并不理想，每個(gè)面試都可以讓你從中學(xué)到些東西。
★People who question or even look down on the study of the past and its works usually assume that the past is entirely different from the present,and that hence we can learn nothing worthwhile from the past.那些質(zhì)疑甚至輕視對(duì)過(guò)去及先人作品研究的人們通常主觀地認(rèn)為過(guò)去與現(xiàn)在是完全不同的，從而得出人們無(wú)法從過(guò)去獲取任何有價(jià)值的東西的結(jié)論?！颳e and the ancients share a common human nature and hence certain common human experiences and problems.我們和古人享有共同的人類的天性，因此也會(huì)有共同的經(jīng)歷和問(wèn)題。
★Perhaps the reason is that asvertising saves the manufacturers from having to think about the customer.也許，原因是登廣告能讓生產(chǎn)者省心，不要去考慮消費(fèi)者。
★“No mechanism in China requires the recall of cars as it dose in Japan,but Honda decided to replace the rubber connector in order to provide the same service to Chinese consumers”the spokeswoman said.女發(fā)言人說(shuō)：“與在日本不同，中國(guó)的機(jī)構(gòu)沒(méi)有要求召回汽車，但是本田公司決定更換橡膠連接以向中國(guó)客戶提供同等服務(wù)?！?/p>
★A survey conducted last year by Roper Starch Worldwide,Inc.,found that almost 70 percent of the respondents said they would be happier if their families had twice as much household income.去年由Roper Starch Worldwide公司所做的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，幾乎有百分之七十的接受調(diào)查者表示如果他們的家庭收入能夠再增加一倍，他們會(huì)更幸福。
★The publisher was so doubtful,he wanted her to split the publishing costs with him,and all she hoped was that it would make enough money for her to buy a new silk dress.出版商不太確信書(shū)出版后一定能夠賺錢(qián)，他想與作者（Harriet Beecher Stowe）分?jǐn)偝霭尜M(fèi)用，而她只是希望能夠賺夠足夠的錢(qián)為自己買一條新的絲綢連衣裙。
★Its vast influence strengthened the anti-slavery movement and angered defenders of the slave system.它巨大的影響激勵(lì)了反對(duì)奴隸制的運(yùn)動(dòng)，也激怒了奴隸制的擁護(hù)者。
第三篇：英語(yǔ)三級(jí)考試英譯漢
英譯漢
A lot of natural resources in the mountain area are to be exploited and used.那個(gè)山區(qū)有許多自然資源有待于開(kāi)發(fā)利用。All that glitters is not gold.閃光的東西，未必都是金子。
Apples here like water and sunshine.這里的蘋(píng)果喜歡水和陽(yáng)光。
As is known to all, China is a developing country.眾所周知，中國(guó)是一個(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家。
Bill hit his car into a wall last night.昨晚比爾開(kāi)車時(shí)車撞到了墻上。
Each time history repeats itself, the price goes up.歷史每重演一次，代價(jià)就增加一分。
Give us a few more minutes to decide 再給我們一點(diǎn)時(shí)間來(lái)做決定
He has sympathy for all poor people 他對(duì)所有的窮人有一顆同情心
He has taught English in this university ever since he moved to this city．自從移居到這座城市以來(lái)，他就一直在這所大學(xué)教英語(yǔ)。
I am wondering who broke the window 我想知道是誰(shuí)打壞了窗戶。
I was having a nap when suddenly the telephone rang.我在睡覺(jué)時(shí)，電話鈴?fù)蝗豁懥恕?/p>
If you decided to learn a new language, you would have to dedicate yourself wholeheartedly to the cause.如果你決定學(xué)一門(mén)新的語(yǔ)言，你必須全身心地投入。In an age of plenty, we feel spiritual hunger.在這個(gè)物質(zhì)財(cái)富充裕的時(shí)代，我們感到精神上的饑渴。In Foreign Languages Department, a checking machine is used to correct the students’ test papers.外語(yǔ)系用閱卷機(jī)給學(xué)生批卷。
In no other country in the world can you find such plants as this one.像這種植物在世界上的其他任何一個(gè)國(guó)家中都找不到。
John and his brother differ in personality even if their differences in age are not significant.盡管約翰和他哥哥在年紀(jì)上相差不大，但他們的個(gè)性卻不相同。Please give this book to whoever comes first.請(qǐng)把這本書(shū)給最先來(lái)的人。
Please move your chair to the window 請(qǐng)把你的椅子移動(dòng)到窗口
Ted and William have lived under the same roof for five years.泰德和威廉已經(jīng)在同一個(gè)屋檐下生活了五年了。
The girls are busy making preparations for the weekend party 女孩們正忙于準(zhǔn)備周末的聚會(huì)
The more passions we have, the more happiness we are likely to experience.我們的激情越多，我們有可能體驗(yàn)到的快樂(lè)就越多。
The most common samples of inorganic materials are the gases of the atmosphere, water, rocks, etc.大氣中的氣體、水、巖石等都是無(wú)機(jī)物中最普通的實(shí)例。The students are encouraged by their teacher to do more listening, reading and writing.老師鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生多聽(tīng)，多讀，多寫(xiě)。
There is a large amount of energy wasted due to friction.由于摩擦而損耗了大量的能量。
This place has plentiful material resources.這個(gè)地方有豐富的物質(zhì)資源。
Though it was late, they kept on working.盡管已經(jīng)很晚了，他們還在繼續(xù)工作。
Tom（人名有可能變化或Fred）was such a hardworking student that he soon came out first in the class.湯姆是一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)十分用功的學(xué)生，以至于不久他就成了班里學(xué)習(xí)最好的學(xué)生。
Transistors are small in size and light in weight.晶體管的體積小，重量輕。
Various substances differ widely in their magnetic characteristics.各種材料的磁性有很大的不同。Wang Li’s（人名有可能變化）father has taught English here since he graduated from Peking University.王麗的父親從北京大學(xué)畢業(yè)后就一直在這里教英語(yǔ)。Who's going to answer the telephone?/Who's going to answer the door? 誰(shuí)去接電話？/誰(shuí)去開(kāi)門(mén)？ Would you please help me with this heavy box? 你能幫我拾一下這個(gè)很沉的箱子嗎？
You needn’t go there anymore.He already knows about it.你不必去了，他已經(jīng)知道那件事
Do you think students should do a part-time job?你認(rèn)為學(xué)生應(yīng)該做兼職嗎？
I think the picture shows us how fruits is necessary to life.我想這幅圖是告訴我們水果是生活中不可缺的。
第四篇：考研英語(yǔ)“英譯漢”精要
考研英語(yǔ)“英譯漢”精要
—— 選自《紅寶書(shū)考研英語(yǔ)10真題（系統(tǒng)精析）》
一、命題形式
要求考生閱讀一篇約400詞的文章，并將其中5個(gè)劃線部分（約150詞）譯成漢語(yǔ)，譯文要準(zhǔn)確、完整、通順。英譯漢滿分為10分。
二、考查要點(diǎn)
全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)英語(yǔ)考試將英譯漢試題作為閱讀理解的一部分，其目的主要考查考生準(zhǔn)確理解概念或結(jié)構(gòu)，分析復(fù)雜的英語(yǔ)文字材料的能力,并用漢語(yǔ)正確予以表達(dá)的能力。
從語(yǔ)言技能方面，英譯漢考查的要點(diǎn)放在理解和表達(dá)上，主要集中在詞匯和句法兩個(gè)層面，包括:
1.根據(jù)上下文推測(cè)詞的詞義，從一詞多義中確定恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~義并用漢語(yǔ)予以準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)；
2.理解英語(yǔ)特殊的表意方式和語(yǔ)序，并能準(zhǔn)確地轉(zhuǎn)換成符合漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣的句子；
3.理解句子的句法結(jié)構(gòu)、文章的總體結(jié)構(gòu)以及單句之間、段落之間的關(guān)系，并以此為基礎(chǔ)用漢語(yǔ)進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確表達(dá);
4.根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行有關(guān)的判斷、推理和引申并用漢語(yǔ)進(jìn)行正確表達(dá)；理解作者的意圖、觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度并采用恰當(dāng)?shù)恼Z(yǔ)域用漢語(yǔ)進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)。
三、評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
研究生入學(xué)考試英譯漢的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，一是“準(zhǔn)確”；二是“完整”；三是“通順”。所謂“準(zhǔn)確”，就是說(shuō)譯文要表達(dá)原文的內(nèi)容和觀點(diǎn)，不能加入自己的立場(chǎng)觀點(diǎn)，不得隨意增補(bǔ);所謂的“完整”，就是說(shuō)不能漏譯原文的任何一部分;所謂的“通順”，則是指譯文語(yǔ)言合乎漢語(yǔ)的規(guī)范和語(yǔ)言習(xí)慣，不要有語(yǔ)病、錯(cuò)別字，力求通達(dá)。當(dāng)然，“忠于原文”并不是要逐字逐句地機(jī)械地翻譯。過(guò)分拘泥于原文反而經(jīng)常造成譯文的生澀難懂。
具體的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)主要有：
第一，如果句子譯文扭曲原文意思，其得分最多不得超過(guò)1分。也就是說(shuō)，如果考生譯文和原文意思大相徑庭，或與原文意思相悖，即使?jié)h語(yǔ)表達(dá)得再流利，得分也不能超過(guò)1分。
第二，如果出現(xiàn)兩種或兩種以上正確譯法，給分；其中一種譯法錯(cuò)誤者，酌情扣分，扣分最多不超過(guò)1分。某些考生做此部分試題的時(shí)候提供了兩種或兩種以上的譯文。如果他提供的多種譯文都正確，則給分；如果提供的譯文中有一種譯法錯(cuò)誤，則酌情扣分，但是扣分不能超過(guò)1分。
第三，漢語(yǔ)錯(cuò)別字，不個(gè)別扣分，按整篇累計(jì)扣分。在不影響意思的前提下，滿三個(gè)錯(cuò)別字扣0.5分，無(wú)0.25扣分。
四、選材特點(diǎn)及命題趨勢(shì)
2000年政府的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)職能政治經(jīng)濟(jì)議論文
2001年計(jì)算機(jī)與未來(lái)生活展望科普論說(shuō)文
2002年行為科學(xué)的發(fā)展科普論說(shuō)文
2003年人類學(xué)研究科普議論文
2004年語(yǔ)言與思維的關(guān)系文化論說(shuō)文
2005年歐洲的電視傳媒文化說(shuō)明文
2006年美國(guó)知識(shí)分子社會(huì)文化論說(shuō)文
2007年法律學(xué)習(xí)的地位和影響文化教育議論文
2008年達(dá)爾文對(duì)自己智力水平的評(píng)價(jià)文化議論文
2009年不同的教育方式及正規(guī)教育的地位文化教育議論文
2010年資源保護(hù)系統(tǒng)生態(tài)保護(hù)議論文
通過(guò)上表可以看出近十年來(lái)英譯漢的文章，均是反映自然科學(xué)和社會(huì)科學(xué)的常識(shí)性題材，體裁主要是議論文和說(shuō)明文。此外，通過(guò)對(duì)近年來(lái)的試題的研究可以看出，英譯漢部分的命題還有以下兩個(gè)趨勢(shì)：
1.從文章的句子結(jié)構(gòu)和語(yǔ)法來(lái)看,句子長(zhǎng),成分復(fù)雜,從句多。特別是定語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)、代詞指代和比較狀語(yǔ)從句是考查的重點(diǎn);
2.從詞匯來(lái)看，一詞多義，一詞轉(zhuǎn)義現(xiàn)象增多。要求考生必須根據(jù)上下文靈活地選譯詞義或?qū)⒃~義加以引申。很顯然，詞匯難度有增加的趨勢(shì)。
五、解題思路
英譯漢時(shí)考生應(yīng)當(dāng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：
1.首先應(yīng)當(dāng)看懂全文，抓住文章的中心意思，根據(jù)上下文來(lái)理解句子。上下文在理解中起到至關(guān)重要的作用，是正確理解原文的基礎(chǔ)，因?yàn)槊}的目的是要求考生在讀懂全文的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)相關(guān)部分進(jìn)行漢譯。許多詞語(yǔ)所指代的就是上下文提及的內(nèi)容。脫離上下文孤立地對(duì)劃線部分進(jìn)行漢譯，容易導(dǎo)致誤譯;
2.在句法層面，要理清句子結(jié)構(gòu)和各成分之間的語(yǔ)法和邏輯關(guān)系，要特別注意一些復(fù)雜句子中的從句、短語(yǔ)的修飾關(guān)系；遇到長(zhǎng)句子時(shí)，應(yīng)該運(yùn)用所學(xué)過(guò)的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，弄清主、謂、賓是什么？有什么從句，從句與主句之間是什么樣的關(guān)系等等。必要時(shí)可以用圖解的方式分析句子的結(jié)構(gòu)。
3.英語(yǔ)句子的特殊語(yǔ)序也應(yīng)引起考生的注意。要求漢譯的句子除了從屬句、并列句較多之外，還常常有省略、插入、倒裝的成分以及按照英美人的思維習(xí)慣
組織的特殊語(yǔ)序，由于英、美人的思維習(xí)慣與我們不同，因此，不少句子表意方式及語(yǔ)序與漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)方式有很大的不同;
4.在詞匯層面，考生應(yīng)力戒避開(kāi)上下文片面地理解試題中的詞匯，因?yàn)樵囶}中的詞匯一詞多義現(xiàn)象比較普遍，這就要求考生根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)容確定詞義或?qū)υ~義進(jìn)行引申。對(duì)英語(yǔ)中的一詞多義和一詞多詞性的現(xiàn)象應(yīng)給予更多的注意；
5.在動(dòng)手翻譯之前要想好譯文是否符合上下文的聯(lián)系和邏輯關(guān)系；
6.完成翻譯后要通讀一遍，避免不應(yīng)犯的錯(cuò)誤。
六、翻譯技巧
(一)詞的譯法
1.詞的選擇
連詞成句，句成篇章，這是行文的一般規(guī)律。詞是篇章的基石。在翻譯過(guò)程中，選詞是一個(gè)重要方面。一詞多詞性和一詞多義現(xiàn)象普遍存在于英漢兩種語(yǔ)言，能不能從眾多的近義詞中選出最恰當(dāng)?shù)囊粋€(gè)，在翻譯中至關(guān)重要。選詞恰當(dāng)與否，一方面得看譯者的語(yǔ)言功底，另一方面得參考上下文的語(yǔ)境，而后者起到了關(guān)鍵作用。對(duì)于詞義的選擇，我們可以通過(guò)兩種方法來(lái)確定：
其一，我們可以通過(guò)詞在句中的詞性來(lái)選擇和確定詞義，如：He met the principal at the airport.他去機(jī)場(chǎng)接校長(zhǎng)。（名詞）/ The principal aim of the policy is to bring peace to the area.該政策的主要目的是為這一地區(qū)帶來(lái)和平。（形容詞）
其二，我們可以通過(guò)該詞在上下文中的搭配關(guān)系來(lái)選擇和確定詞義，如：He was the last person who I expected to meet there.我怎么也沒(méi)料到會(huì)在那遇見(jiàn)他。
2.譯詞技巧
在正確理解原詞，確定詞義后，還要通過(guò)適當(dāng)?shù)姆g技巧用規(guī)范的漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)出來(lái)。這些技巧有：
(1)增詞法。根據(jù)需要增加一些詞語(yǔ)，如表名詞復(fù)數(shù)的詞、動(dòng)詞、副詞、表時(shí)態(tài)的詞、語(yǔ)氣詞等，如：
After a series of experiments, important phenomena have been ascertained.一系列實(shí)驗(yàn)之后，許多重要現(xiàn)象被查明了。（表名詞復(fù)數(shù)的詞）
After the banquet, the ceremony and the conference, she came home tiredly.在參加宴會(huì)、出席典禮、召開(kāi)會(huì)議后，她疲憊不堪地回到家。（動(dòng)詞）
The little boy sat down on the ground and began to cry with his face in his hands.那個(gè)小男孩雙手捂著臉，一屁股坐到了地上，開(kāi)始哭起來(lái)。（副詞）I took part in the oral English competition.我參加了那次英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)比賽。（表時(shí)態(tài)的詞）
What a beautiful evening sky!
多美的夜空啊?。ㄕZ(yǔ)氣詞）
(2)減詞法。根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣，刪去一些詞，如：
A teacher should have patience in his work.老師應(yīng)當(dāng)有耐心。
One can never get real rest without a peaceful mind.心情不平靜是休息不好的。
Why do we feel cooler when we fan ourselves?
我們扇扇子時(shí)，為什么會(huì)感到?jīng)隹煨?/p>
(3)肯否表達(dá)法。原文為肯定句，譯成漢語(yǔ)為增強(qiáng)修飾效果，可以譯為否定句。反之亦然，如：
His refusal is not final.他的拒絕不是不可改變的。
The doubt was still unsolved after his explanation.經(jīng)他解釋后，疑團(tuán)仍然存在。
(4)變換法。名詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成動(dòng)詞、形容詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成名詞、名詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成形容詞、形容詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成副詞等，如：
Robots have found application for the exploration of the outer space.機(jī)器人已經(jīng)被用于探索外空間。（名詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成動(dòng)詞）
He is a stranger to the operation of the helicopter.他對(duì)直升機(jī)的操作很陌生。（名詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成形容詞）
The university aims at the first rate of the world.學(xué)校的目標(biāo)是成為世界一流的大學(xué)。（動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成名詞）
The Internet is different from traditional media in that it sends and receives information faster.因特網(wǎng)和傳統(tǒng)媒體的區(qū)別就在于因特網(wǎng)可以更快地發(fā)送和接收信息。（形容詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成名詞）
Success is dependent on his efforts.成功與否取決于他的努力。（形容詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成動(dòng)詞）
The pictures give a visual representation of the situation.這些圖片直觀地展示了當(dāng)時(shí)的情景。（形容詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成副詞）
Internally the earth consists of two parts, a core and a mantle.地球的內(nèi)部由兩部分組成：地核和地幔。（副詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成名詞）
With all its shortcomings this composition is regarded as the best.盡管這篇作文有缺陷，但仍被認(rèn)為是最佳的。（介詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成連詞）
(二)句子成分的轉(zhuǎn)譯
英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)由于表達(dá)方式有所差異，所以在英譯漢時(shí)，要考慮漢語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣用法，對(duì)英語(yǔ)原文的句子成分進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)霓D(zhuǎn)換，以便使?jié)h語(yǔ)譯文流暢地道、邏輯正確、重點(diǎn)突出。常見(jiàn)的句子轉(zhuǎn)譯方法有五種，即：主語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)譯、謂語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)譯、賓語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)譯、定語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)譯和狀語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)譯。
Internally the earth consists of two parts, a core and a mantle.地球的內(nèi)部由兩部分組成：地核和地幔。（主語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)譯為定語(yǔ)）
The university aims at the first rate of the world.學(xué)校的目標(biāo)是成為世界一流的大學(xué)。（謂語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)譯為主語(yǔ)）
He was the winner of that game.他贏了那場(chǎng)比賽。（賓語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)譯為謂語(yǔ)）
The pictures give a visual representation of the situation.這些圖片直觀地展示了當(dāng)時(shí)的情景。（定語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)譯為狀語(yǔ)）
Internally the earth consists of two parts, a core and a mantle.地球的內(nèi)部由兩部分組成：地核和地幔。（狀語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)譯為主語(yǔ)）
(三)長(zhǎng)句的譯法
英語(yǔ)慣于使用長(zhǎng)句，而漢語(yǔ)恰恰相反，常常使用短句，因而，在進(jìn)行英譯漢 時(shí)，要特別注意二者的差異，將英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句分解，譯為漢語(yǔ)短句。在處理英譯漢長(zhǎng)句時(shí)，常見(jiàn)的方法有：
1.順譯法：按照原文順序進(jìn)行翻譯，如：
The purpose of this picture is that with the development of globalization, great
changes have taken place in the world, and one nations culture has been accepted by the people from another culture.該圖想要說(shuō)明的是：隨著全球化的發(fā)展，世界各地也發(fā)生了巨大變化，一個(gè)民族的文化已經(jīng)被其他民族所接受。
2.逆譯法：順序與原文順序相反，如：
The School has six faculties, namely, English, Japanese, French, German, Russian and Korean.of Foreign Studies
該外語(yǔ)學(xué)院有英語(yǔ)、日語(yǔ)、法語(yǔ)、德語(yǔ)、俄語(yǔ)和韓語(yǔ)六個(gè)專業(yè)。
3.重復(fù)法：重復(fù)前一個(gè)詞，如：
He spent all his salary of this month in buying her a gift, which she longed for a long time.他花了他這個(gè)月所有的工資給她買了一個(gè)禮物，這個(gè)禮物她向往已久了。
4.分譯法：一個(gè)句子分成幾個(gè)部分來(lái)翻譯，如：
As the society becomes more and more moneyoriented, instead of taking good care of their parents, many young people turn to be so selfcentered that they eagerly try to avoid their responsibility of supporting their parents, regarding them as a heavy load.隨著社會(huì)變得越來(lái)越以金錢(qián)為中心，許多年輕人并沒(méi)有好好照顧自己的父母，而是變得太自私，以至于他們急切地想逃避贍養(yǎng)父母的責(zé)任，將父母視為沉重的包袱。
5.綜合法：綜合運(yùn)用上述各種方法，如：
People were afraid to leave their houses, for although the police had been ordered to stand by in case of emergency, they were just as confused and helpless as anybody else.盡管警察已接到命令，要做好準(zhǔn)備以應(yīng)付緊急情況，但人們不敢出門(mén)，因?yàn)榫煲埠推渌艘粯硬恢?，無(wú)能為力。
(四)被動(dòng)句的譯法
被動(dòng)句的使用是科技文體，特別是英語(yǔ)科技文體最為突出的篇章特點(diǎn)之一。在漢語(yǔ)中，我們可以通過(guò)“被、讓、把、使、由、受到、為??所”等來(lái)表達(dá)被動(dòng)，但是，漢語(yǔ)中被動(dòng)句的使用頻率遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)低于英語(yǔ)。因此，在進(jìn)行英譯漢時(shí)，要特別注意這一點(diǎn)，遇到英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)句時(shí)，應(yīng)遵循漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣，能譯為通順的漢語(yǔ)被動(dòng)句則譯，否則，就譯為主動(dòng)句。換言之，被動(dòng)句英譯漢時(shí)，方法有二：
1.保留被動(dòng)
The bird was killed by the boy.小鳥(niǎo)讓那個(gè)男孩給弄死了。
2.轉(zhuǎn)譯主動(dòng)
Rubber is found to be a good isolating material.人們發(fā)現(xiàn)橡膠是一種很好的絕緣材料。
(五)定語(yǔ)從句的譯法
1.前置譯法：將定語(yǔ)從句譯為“?? 的/者”，放在先行詞之前，如：
We should offer our help to the poor children who are living in distance village and cant go to school.我們應(yīng)該幫助那些生活在邊遠(yuǎn)農(nóng)村、不能上學(xué)的貧困兒童。
2.后置譯法：用“這個(gè)”、“這”或重復(fù)先行詞的辦法引起另一個(gè)句子。He spent all his salary of this month in buying her a gift, which she longed for a long time.他花了他這個(gè)月所有的工資給她買了一個(gè)禮物，這個(gè)禮物她向往已久了。
第五篇：多維英語(yǔ)探索英譯漢(短文)
1.In the past,when explorers or merchants went out into the world to find new lands or markets or sources of raw materials,they often did not share a language with the people with whom they came into contact.When this situation was encountered,one of three solutions was adopted.在過(guò)去，當(dāng)探險(xiǎn)者或商人們走出家園到外面的世界去尋找新的領(lǐng)地、市場(chǎng)或原材料資源時(shí)，他們通常與跟他們打交道的當(dāng)?shù)厝苏f(shuō)的不是同一種語(yǔ)言。遇到這種情況時(shí)，他們一般采取以下三種方法之一來(lái)對(duì)付，呂口：(1)外來(lái)人學(xué)習(xí)說(shuō)當(dāng)?shù)刂魅说恼Z(yǔ)言(或反之)，(2)他們使用當(dāng)?shù)刈鳛橘Q(mào)易用的第三種語(yǔ)言，或(3)產(chǎn)生一種新的語(yǔ)言——這種語(yǔ)言是由使用者的不同母語(yǔ)的一些成分合成的。在說(shuō)不同語(yǔ)言的人群中用來(lái)作為他們共同的交際工具的語(yǔ)言叫混合語(yǔ)(交際語(yǔ))。這個(gè)名稱是由在地中海地區(qū)使用的中世紀(jì)時(shí)的貿(mào)易語(yǔ)言派生而來(lái)的。這種貿(mào)易語(yǔ)言主要基于日耳曼語(yǔ)(意大利語(yǔ)、法語(yǔ)和西班牙語(yǔ))，但也包括了一些希臘語(yǔ)、阿拉伯語(yǔ)和土耳其語(yǔ)的成分。在當(dāng)今世界，將英語(yǔ)稱為最主要的交際語(yǔ)是合適的，因?yàn)橛⒄Z(yǔ)是大部分說(shuō)不同語(yǔ)言的人的交際工具。
2.Pathological liars are persons who lie constantly and for no apparent reason.那些常常說(shuō)謊又沒(méi)有充足理由的人被稱為病態(tài)說(shuō)謊者。他們會(huì)對(duì)任何事情說(shuō)謊。他們似乎無(wú)法控制說(shuō)謊的；中動(dòng)。對(duì)這些人的研究表明，他們中很多人小時(shí)候受過(guò)虐待或者來(lái)自有酗酒或有精神病家屬史的家庭；也有不少人在他們生長(zhǎng)的家庭里，真話得不到尊重，沒(méi)有人說(shuō)真話。他們似乎比常人更加強(qiáng)烈地需要得到別人的愛(ài)不口別人的尊重。但事實(shí)上，他們中并非每個(gè)人都無(wú)法控制自己說(shuō)謊的欲望。沒(méi)人能說(shuō)清為什么有些人能克制說(shuō)謊而有些入?yún)s無(wú)法克制說(shuō)謊。病態(tài)的說(shuō)謊者往往沒(méi)有親近的或長(zhǎng)期維持的私人關(guān)系。他們非常謹(jǐn)慎，通常不介紹自己的熟人相互認(rèn)識(shí)以免他們將聽(tīng)到的東西進(jìn)行比較。
3.It’s common for North American parents to tell their children that lying is bad,通常，北美國(guó)家的父母告誡他們的孩子說(shuō)謊是壞事，他們不應(yīng)該說(shuō)謊。如果說(shuō)謊，他們應(yīng)該感到內(nèi)疚。在歐美文化中，對(duì)一個(gè)說(shuō)謊孩子的傳統(tǒng)懲罰是用肥皂清洗他的嘴巴。然而通過(guò)他們自己的行為，父母也會(huì)告訴孩子，在某些情況下，大多數(shù)人確實(shí)也會(huì)說(shuō)謊。因此孩子在這種雙重教育下長(zhǎng)大——他們偶爾也會(huì)說(shuō)謊，但是他們會(huì)感到內(nèi)疚，并且不想讓別人知道他們已說(shuō)了謊。
4.These young people are setting new patterns for the relation of the individual to the society about him.這些青年人正在確定個(gè)人與其周圍社會(huì)關(guān)系的新模式。不受上司與長(zhǎng)輩影0向的情況反而使他們更堅(jiān)定地自行其事。他們對(duì)經(jīng)歷了時(shí)間考驗(yàn)的傳統(tǒng)也不在乎。例如，當(dāng)今的青年夫婦拒絕向更注重表面的社會(huì)生活習(xí)俗讓步。在我們那一代，年輕的新娘們?nèi)绻皇羌易∶麉^(qū)，如果他們家的餐具不夠高雅，她們則會(huì)咆嘗其苦。那時(shí)青年人對(duì)于有影響的社會(huì)關(guān)系、部隊(duì)中的官職、有名的俱樂(lè)部成員身份都十分敏感。然而這一代人卻堅(jiān)持希望別人評(píng)價(jià)他們自身的價(jià)值。我常常聽(tīng)說(shuō)他們小心翼翼地隱藏起出身名門(mén)的事實(shí)。他們堅(jiān)持作為一個(gè)獨(dú)立的人被社會(huì)接受，這產(chǎn)生一種空前的坦誠(chéng)。一位女大學(xué)生對(duì)我說(shuō)：“你知道我一直都不夠誠(chéng)實(shí)，我正在試圖改正”。一位退伍土兵在一個(gè)男女混合的場(chǎng)合，當(dāng)著目瞪口呆的雙親面對(duì)大家說(shuō)他在戰(zhàn)后的六個(gè)月里一直是一個(gè)“精神變態(tài)者”。這些言詞說(shuō)明自由的堅(jiān)固性——一種屬于自己而不屬于虛偽的社會(huì)習(xí)俗的自由。
5.Calvin Trillin satirizes the iaea of an American Dream in his contemporary story.卡爾文.特里林在其描述美國(guó)暴發(fā)戶生活的當(dāng)代故事“成功”中，諷刺了“美國(guó)夢(mèng)”的觀念。出色的諷刺故事的要點(diǎn)之一是：在故事中運(yùn)用幾乎可信的夸大手法。在某個(gè)事實(shí)被歪曲得幾乎成真時(shí)，你相信它可能是真的——但是你其實(shí)仍在懷疑——這就是好的諷刺故事所
要取得的最佳效果。諷8g的另一要點(diǎn)是反語(yǔ)。反語(yǔ)指的是詞匯的字面意義與其實(shí)際意義完全相反。反語(yǔ)往往有趣，但帶有悲傷的意味。課文中妻子的最后幾句話完全是反語(yǔ)。
6.The young man was taken away from his office in handcuffs.這個(gè)年輕人在他的辦公室被帶上手銬帶走了。當(dāng)天下午的報(bào)紙頭版刊登了一幅他被傳訊后離開(kāi)時(shí)的照片，證實(shí)了他已受到指控。照片上的他試圖用他那件價(jià)值850美元的意大利名牌外套遮住他的臉。第二天的早報(bào)上，刊登了一篇篇幅很長(zhǎng)的文章，將他作為那些出身貧寒的華爾街商人最終成為貪婪的犧牲品的代表。他的朋友和同事都避開(kāi)他。
7.Aha.Money.It’s probably the only thing that complicates life between the sexes
啊哈，錢(qián)!也許這就是唯一像性本身一樣能使兩性之間的生活復(fù)雜化的東西。當(dāng)一個(gè)女人的收入高于她的配偶時(shí)，生活就會(huì)變得復(fù)雜了。目口便是最開(kāi)明的男土也會(huì)感到妻子掙的錢(qián)比他多對(duì)他是威脅。而且即使夫妻關(guān)系最融洽的夫婦也認(rèn)為如果妻子收入高于丈夫，他們必須格外努力去維護(hù)這種和諧的幸福生活。
8.A sex stereotype that determines the interests and occupations of each sex is usually
決定男女各自興趣和職業(yè)的性別模式通常并不是沒(méi)有一點(diǎn)依據(jù)的。在某一社會(huì)環(huán)境中，男女的性別模式觀念一般與某一時(shí)期特定的男人或女人概念密切相關(guān)。對(duì)于兒童，如果不具有某一社會(huì)中人們觀念上所公認(rèn)的性別特征，而僅僅是靠生理上的性別特征來(lái)辨別他們，那么他們的情感，愛(ài)好以及將來(lái)的體格上將會(huì)表現(xiàn)得不正常。他們必定會(huì)終生感到自己在同類中缺乏男子氣或女人味。這是因?yàn)樗麄兊奈幕砟钍腔谝幌盗胁煌男詣e模式觀念，而這些性別模式觀念還是很有 道理的。
9.Making the customer connection is Gerstner’ s thing.IBM isn’t the only company trying to get close to its customers.建立與顧客的聯(lián)系是Gerstner的目標(biāo)。在“經(jīng)濟(jì)周刊”進(jìn)行的一系列采訪中他說(shuō)道廣我是帶著一種觀點(diǎn)來(lái)到這里的(1BM)，即：你與顧客共同開(kāi)始新的一天，你將以顧客為中心考慮公司的工作，并以顧客為中心組織工作”。這種方法在某種程度亡是IBM公司在計(jì)算機(jī)服務(wù)業(yè)中迅猛發(fā)展的原因，也是華爾街突然喜歡起IBM公司的原因之一。IBM就象一臺(tái)大發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，多年來(lái)首次所有的活塞都開(kāi)動(dòng)了：新型的大型機(jī)、個(gè)人計(jì)算機(jī)和小型計(jì)算機(jī)銷售情況均喜人。IBM公司努力地爭(zhēng)取成為各家公司在公司內(nèi)部網(wǎng)絡(luò)裝置中應(yīng)用IBM公司產(chǎn)品時(shí)的不可缺少的助手。當(dāng)今，計(jì)算機(jī)服務(wù)業(yè)是IBM公司增長(zhǎng)最快的業(yè)務(wù)。
不僅IBM公司，其它公司的高層領(lǐng)導(dǎo)也試圖與顧客建立良好關(guān)系。建立關(guān)系成了各大公司巨頭反復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)的宗旨。西北大學(xué)的J．L．KelloSS管理學(xué)院的教授PhilipKotler說(shuō)：“越來(lái)越多的總經(jīng)理意識(shí)到，他們本人就是負(fù)責(zé)銷售的總經(jīng)理，正在銷售信譽(yù)”。他還說(shuō)，“這種銷售是在各公司的總經(jīng)理階層中進(jìn)行”。“其建立的不僅是連接銷售員與采購(gòu)經(jīng)理之間的橋梁，它還是一座連接各公司總經(jīng)理之橋”。
10.We are at our human finest,dancing with our minds,當(dāng)存在兩種以上的選擇時(shí)，我們?nèi)祟悤?huì)思路活躍作出最佳選擇。有時(shí)會(huì)有十種，甚至二十種不同的方法去做某事，其中肯定有一種方法是對(duì)的。然而正是這種大量的可選擇性才能把我們帶入一個(gè)完全嶄新的領(lǐng)域。這個(gè)過(guò)程可稱為探索而且基于人類的易犯錯(cuò)誤性上。如果我們?nèi)祟惖拇竽X只有一個(gè)中心，只能在當(dāng)正確的決定作出后才有反應(yīng)，而不是象一團(tuán)亂麻似的把不同的、糊涂的或清醒的神經(jīng)原組合在一起。正是這些神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)會(huì)使我們的思路好象一會(huì)兒進(jìn)入絕路，一會(huì)兒跳到樹(shù)上，一會(huì)兒又掉進(jìn)死胡同，然后又從死胡同跳出后進(jìn)入一片藍(lán)天，沿著錯(cuò)的轉(zhuǎn)彎處，在錯(cuò)誤處徘徊，那厶我們就會(huì)像呆在現(xiàn)在所處的原地，靜止不前。
11.At present,the system most widely used by the British police is called “Photofit.”
目前，一種被英國(guó)警察廣泛使用的電腦破案方法稱為“模擬影像”。由目擊者描述疑犯，然后像拼圖版似的用五種不同部位的特征把照片拼出。這五個(gè)部位是：發(fā)型，眼睛，鼻子，嘴巴和下巴。這種方法對(duì)尋找罪犯很有幫助，但二十件案子僅能破一件。事實(shí)上，通常幾近半數(shù)的“模擬影像”是誤導(dǎo)。造成這種情形有兩個(gè)原因。第一種原因是這種模擬影像的照片與疑犯毫無(wú)相象之處。第二是相象之處太大眾化而沒(méi)有任何幫助。不幸的是，這種誤導(dǎo)的想象會(huì)導(dǎo)致一個(gè)無(wú)辜的人被關(guān)押。
12.The deliberate violation constituted law(civil disovedience)is by definition a violation The assumption that a law is a valid target of civil disobedience is filled with moral andFor a just society to exist,故意違犯成文法律的行為(非暴力反抗)，顧名思義，是一種違法行為。關(guān)于非暴力反抗的理論研究承認(rèn)，非暴力反抗目口使事出有因也應(yīng)受到懲罰。事實(shí)上，違背法律的行為即使僅作為形式上的異議而非實(shí)質(zhì)性的異議，其無(wú)論在道德上還是在法律上，都是不容許的。只有當(dāng)那些法律違背了人類生活的基本價(jià)值觀，公民對(duì)此進(jìn)行非暴力反抗，以示道德上的保護(hù)時(shí)，該行為才能得到合理支持。
有一種假想認(rèn)為，法律是非暴力反抗的確黼對(duì)象，該假想中充斥著不可忽視的道德、法律責(zé)任。根據(jù)該假想，公民如果在道義上是正當(dāng)?shù)?，他必須?zhǔn)備呈交對(duì)違法行為的起訴書(shū)；井在該起訴失敗時(shí)，他應(yīng)當(dāng)受到懲罰。他甚至可以要求實(shí)施該法律并心甘情愿地默認(rèn)法庭的最后裁決。
為了保持一個(gè)公平的社會(huì)，我們必須認(rèn)可“寬容原則”，政府必須容忍以適當(dāng)方式表達(dá)出的個(gè)人異議，個(gè)人也必須容忍依法確定的多數(shù)裁決。沒(méi)有人能濫用自由，所有人都得對(duì)反對(duì)意見(jiàn)持寬容態(tài)度。持異議者必須接受對(duì)他們的異議所持的不同意見(jiàn)，并對(duì)它們持尊重的態(tài)度。如果不尊重這一原則，那么公民的非暴力反抗不僅在法律上是錯(cuò)誤的，在道德上也是不恰當(dāng)?shù)摹?/p>
13.I don’t think that any of us believed Sam’s faults were accurate representations of
認(rèn)為我們誰(shuí)也不會(huì)相信山姆(Sam)的缺點(diǎn)是低層黑人生活的準(zhǔn)確寫(xiě)照。山姆只是黑人形象的一種自我定義的方式，而這種定義并不具有社會(huì)學(xué)意義上的準(zhǔn)確性。山姆對(duì)于我們來(lái)說(shuō)根本不像白人種族主義者所描述的那種黑人，也不是我們恨鐵不成鋼的心態(tài)的體現(xiàn)。它只是與我們進(jìn)取心的表達(dá)形成鮮明的對(duì)比。如果恨自己也是一種動(dòng)力因素的話，那么對(duì)于我們黑人來(lái)說(shuō)恨的不是低層黑人，而是我們不愿成為低層的黑人。
14.Still,hate or love aside,it is fundamentally true that my middle-class
再者，且不說(shuō)愛(ài)和恨，一個(gè)根本的事實(shí)是：我的中產(chǎn)階級(jí)的標(biāo)志是擺脫一切低層黑人的生活形象，與大家都公認(rèn)的中產(chǎn)階級(jí)的價(jià)值觀和責(zé)任感保持一致。這些價(jià)值觀使我產(chǎn)生了清楚的信念：做一個(gè)既有個(gè)性又負(fù)責(zé)任的公民，懂得了你的生活質(zhì)量會(huì)基本反映出你本人努力的程度；懂得了每個(gè)人的責(zé)任感是自由的基礎(chǔ)，命運(yùn)所帶來(lái)的限制(無(wú)論命運(yùn)對(duì)你是公平或不公平)不應(yīng)成為坐視等待、聽(tīng)天由命的借口。
15.As for the peasant populations of a great part of the world,對(duì)于全世界的大部分農(nóng)民來(lái)說(shuō)，饑餓是他們最為焦慮的事。他們不會(huì)為是否加薪而感到憂慮，不會(huì)為選擇三所大學(xué)中的哪一所而感到憂慮；也不會(huì)為究竟購(gòu)買福特汽車還是凱迪拉克車感到憂慮；或?yàn)樗麄兿胭I的電視機(jī)的價(jià)格太貴而感到憂慮。他們饑寒交迫。在世界許多地區(qū)，農(nóng)民害怕局部的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、暴徒、政變可能危及他們的家園、危及他們?nèi)背陨俅┑纳詈蜕?。但是可以確切地說(shuō)他們并不感到焦慮。
16.Anxiety,as we have come to use it to describe our characteristic
正如我們一直用焦慮來(lái)描繪一種典型的心態(tài)一樣，焦慮與饑餓、損失、暴力以及死亡的恐懼感完全不同。焦慮是一種在即刻將發(fā)生的、導(dǎo)致生命危險(xiǎn)的恐怖事件消失時(shí)所出現(xiàn)的正常情感。此類恐怖事件有火山爆發(fā)，冷箭襲擊，背后挨刀以及其他災(zāi)難等。
17.Instead,management,shareholders,the government,bankers,suppliers,Another Japanese advantage is that their taxes are the lowest of any
And we did.In the process,相反，管理層、股東、政府、銀行家、供應(yīng)商以及工人們都齊心協(xié)力。他們利用最先進(jìn)的技術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)出世界一流的產(chǎn)品。他們從國(guó)家因資源短缺而制定的高油稅政策中得到啟示，設(shè)計(jì)出了節(jié)油汽車。毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)這也為日本應(yīng)付1973年阿以戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)以及1980年國(guó)王(伊朗)突然棄位(而帶來(lái)的石油危機(jī))做好了準(zhǔn)備。
日本的另一優(yōu)勢(shì)在于它的稅率在世界上所有工業(yè)國(guó)家中是最低的。日本可以承擔(dān)如此低稅率的一個(gè)原因在于它在國(guó)防上無(wú)需太多開(kāi)支。自從二戰(zhàn)結(jié)束以后，我們美國(guó)一直替它承擔(dān)著這個(gè)重?fù)?dān)。在它們投降以后，我們告訴他們，“{洲門(mén)這些家伙，聽(tīng)著，停止制造武器。{訓(xùn)門(mén)也看到了這給你們帶來(lái)了什厶。但不用擔(dān)心，我們可以替你們保衛(wèi)你們的國(guó)家。我們希望你們改做一些其他有利于和平的好玩意——譬如汽車。我們甚至可以教你們?nèi)绾卧炱?。底特律的人們可以幫你們的?！倍覀円泊_實(shí)幫了他們。在這個(gè)過(guò)程中，我們創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)巨人?，F(xiàn)在約三十五歲的它已長(zhǎng)大成人，羽翼豐滿。它已可以在美國(guó)的汽車市場(chǎng)上橫；中直撞，而且我們?nèi)绮患右灾浦?，它還將一如既往地這樣持續(xù)下去。
18.In Germany,in contrast with France,與法國(guó)截然不同的是。在德國(guó)，友誼更清楚地表達(dá)為一種感情的根由。處于青春期的少男少女們，建立起深厚的友誼。他們?cè)谝黄鹕⒉?、交談一一與其說(shuō)是為了增長(zhǎng)智慧，還不如說(shuō)是為了傾吐各自的希望，憂慮和憧憬，為了團(tuán)結(jié)一致組成統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線來(lái)對(duì)付校方和家庭的干涉，并通過(guò)交往可以彼此了解對(duì)方和自己的內(nèi)心世界。
19.I once would have said that a friend is a friend all the way,我曾經(jīng)說(shuō)過(guò)，朋友自始至終是朋友。但是現(xiàn)在我相信這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)是狹隘的。因?yàn)槲宜鶕碛械挠颜x和我見(jiàn)過(guò)的友誼是有不同層次的，起著不同作用，滿足不同需要。有知心姐妹那樣的自始至終的朋友之間的友誼，也有最無(wú)關(guān)緊要的偶爾在一起玩玩的友人之間的友誼。
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