第一篇:高中英語(yǔ)必修三第五單元重點(diǎn)知識(shí)解析
高中英語(yǔ)必修三第五單元重點(diǎn)知識(shí)解析 U5Canada ——“ The True North”
Words and Expressions: 1.multicultural adj.多種文化的 Canada is a multicultural country.multi-是一個(gè)前綴,意為“多”
multistory ____________
多國(guó)的、多民族的 __________ multiform ____________
多向的 __________ multichannel ________________
多彩的,彩色的 ____________ multipurpose _______
多媒體 __________ 2.quiz n.測(cè)驗(yàn),問答比賽
Students are having a reading comprehension quiz/test.examination正式的,大型的“統(tǒng)考,入學(xué)考試”。
exam同examination,是其縮略形式,test側(cè)重指對(duì)人的實(shí)際操作技能的考核,也指對(duì)物品質(zhì)量,價(jià)值以及成分等的測(cè)試,僅指小測(cè)驗(yàn)或智力游戲。3.rather than 寧愿?而不愿;而不是;與其?到不如;并列連詞,用于連接兩個(gè)并列成分
He decided to telephone rather than(to)send an email He ran rather than walked home.搭配: would do?rather than do?/ would rather do?than do?寧愿做?而不愿做 prefer to do?rather than do?寧愿做?而不愿做
would rather sb.did /had done sth.寧愿某人做某事
注意:rather than表示客觀事實(shí),它連接的并列成分可以是名詞、代詞、形容詞、介詞(短語(yǔ))、動(dòng)名詞、分句、不定式、動(dòng)詞等。后接不定式時(shí),不定式可以帶to,也可以不帶to。但rather than位于句首時(shí),則只能接不帶to 的不定式。[練習(xí)] 根據(jù)句子意思及要求填空或翻譯。
1).He came running all the way ______ ______walking.2).Rather than ______(ride)on a crowded bus, he always prefers ______(ride)a bicycle.3).I’ d rather you ______ ______(not come)yesterday.4).She likes to keep things in the house ______ ______ throw them away, though many are useless.5).I think Tom, ______ ______ you, ______ ______ ______(blame).6).他寧愿死也不愿在街上乞討。_____________________________________________ 4. chat vi.&n.聊天,閑聊
搭配:chat about sth 閑聊某事
chat with sb.與某人聊天
have a chat with sb about sth.與某人閑聊某事
[練習(xí)]:He chatted___his friend____the Russian concert which was to be held the next week.It is good for you to ____ ____ ____ ____your friends sometimes.5.surround vt.& vi.包圍,圍繞
As a child,he was surrounded by love and kindness.The professor loves to surround himself with his students.搭配:surround?with? 用?把?圍住 be surrounded by/with被?圍住 surrounding adj.附近的,四周的 surroundings n.環(huán)境(用復(fù)數(shù)形式)[練習(xí)]:(1)The villagers watched the soldiers helping the people____(surround)by the flood____(feel)very excited.(2)She hopes to bring up her children in healthy _____(surround).6.measure vt &.vi.測(cè)量,衡量,判定 measurement n.測(cè)量,尺寸 Could you measure the height of the wall for me? We must take measures to stop pollution.搭配:make sth to sb.’s measure 照某人的尺寸做..take measures to采取措施做某事
[練習(xí)]1)The tailor made a suit ______ _______ _______.2)Success isn’ t _______ _______ how much money you have.3)我們教室的尺寸是長(zhǎng)10米寬6米。
_____________________________________________________________________7.settle down定居;(使)安靜下來;平息 Father settled down to read a book.After years of travelling, he decided to settle down.搭配:settle down to使某人安下心來做某事 settle(down)in在?定居下來
Settle a dispute/an argument /an issue 解決爭(zhēng)端/爭(zhēng)論/問題 [練習(xí)](1)Something is disturbing him ,so he can’t ______ ______ _____his work.(2)He finally settled down to _______(do)his homework.(3)They have finally ______ ______ _______Canada.8.manage使用;完成(困難的事);經(jīng)營(yíng)
They at last managed to escape from the burning building This shop doesn’t belong to me, I only manage it.2 搭配:manage to do sth.設(shè)法做成某事
manage it設(shè)法做到 manager n.經(jīng)理,經(jīng)營(yíng)者management n.經(jīng)營(yíng),管理 manageable adj可操縱的,可處理的 The Smiths were not rich , but they ______ to send their two daughters to colleges.A.tried B.managed c.attemped d.failed 9.catch sight of 看見;看到
If you catch sight of Liu Qiang, ask him to come to school.搭配:at first sight 看第一眼;乍一看 lose sight of 看不見 at the sight of 在看到?時(shí) at the sight of 一看見 lose one’s sight 失明 in / within sight 在視線內(nèi)
out of sight 看不見
1﹞ ______ ______ ______ his mother, the boy stopped crying.2﹞ I ______ ______ ______ my former teacher just now, but very soon he turned a corner and I ______ _______ ______ him.10.have a gift for(doing)sth.= have the gift to do sth.對(duì)??有天賦;有做某事的才能
Yao Ming has a gift for playing basketball.I have no gift for foreigh languages.搭配:have a talent/genius for /be gifted in有?的天賦 a gifted/telented person 一個(gè)有天賦的、有才華的人 翻譯句子 1)他天生有著講故事的才能。
11.mix vt.&vi.混合;調(diào)配 mixture n.[u,c] 混合(物);混合狀態(tài)
1)The chemist mixed(up)some medicine for me.藥劑師給我配了些藥。2)Oil and water don’t mix.油和水不能混合。3)Oil won’ t mix with water.油不能和水混合。
搭配:mix ?and/with ?把?與?混和起來 mix sth.up弄亂,弄錯(cuò),使?充分混合 mix sth.in/into把某物摻進(jìn)去 be/get mixed up with sth./sb.與某事有關(guān),與某人混在一起 mixed adj.混和的
[練習(xí)]1)Don’ t try to _______ business ______ pleasure.2)Mix the eggs ______ the flour.3)I don’ t want to ______ ______ ______ in the affair.12.confirm vt.證實(shí),證明;確認(rèn),批準(zhǔn)
It has been confirmed that the singer will give a performance.The latest evidence confirmed me in his honesty.搭配:confirm sth./that?/wh-?證實(shí)??;進(jìn)一步確定??
It has been confirmed that?已經(jīng)確定?? confirmed adj.成習(xí)慣的 confirm sb.in sth.使某人確信某事 confirmation n證實(shí),證明,確定 13 in the distance 在遠(yuǎn)處;遠(yuǎn)方的
The mountain looks smaller in the distance.從遠(yuǎn)處看山變小了。I can see a sparrow flying in the distance.我能看到遠(yuǎn)處有只麻雀在飛。
聯(lián)想擴(kuò)展:
at a distance隔著一段距離 at a distance of 隔?遠(yuǎn)的距離 keep one’s distance保持距離,疏遠(yuǎn) distant adj.遙遠(yuǎn)的,遠(yuǎn)離的,冷淡的 [練習(xí)](1)Her father advised her to______her distance from the fellow.(2)We can see a windmill ______ the distance.(3)The picture looks better ______ a distance.14.nearby adj.附近的,鄰近的 adv.在附近,不遠(yuǎn) The car is parked nearby..I go to a nearby school./She has found a job on one of the farms nearby.[重點(diǎn)用法] nearby作形容詞時(shí),既可放在被修飾詞之后也可放在被修飾詞之前。如: There were complaints from nearby residents / residents nearby.15.terrify vt.使恐怖;恐嚇 terrified adj.恐懼的;受驚嚇的 terrifying adj.(令人)可怕的
1)He terrified his children with ghost stories.(鬼故事)2).Her husband’ s violence terrified her.搭配:be terrified at/by sth.被某事(物)恐嚇 be terrified that?害怕? be terrified of 對(duì)?感到恐懼 terrify sb into doing恐嚇某人做某事 [練習(xí)]1)She ______ that she would fail in the exam.2)From her ______look,we could see the girl was______of the stranger.3)It was a ______ experience.16.impress vt.使印象深刻;使銘記 impression n.[c]印象;感想 impressive adj.給人印象深刻的
1)The sights of the city never fail to impress foreign tourists.2)We were most impressed with/by your efficiency.搭配: impress sth.on/upon sb.= impress sb.with/by sth.使某人銘記某事物 make/give/leave an impression on/upon...給??一個(gè)印象 have/get the impression that 有??的印象 [練習(xí)] 1)He _______ his honesty_______ me.2)One candidate in particular ______ us ______ her knowledge.3)You ______ an excellent ______ ______ us.4)When I first met him I _____ _____ ____ ___ he was a humorous man.Book3 Unit5答案:
1.多層的 multinational 多種形式的 multidirectional 多通話線路的, 多波段 multicolored 多種用途的 multimedia 3. 1).rather than 2).ride;to ride 3).hadn’ t come 4).rather than 5).rather than;is to blame 6).He would rather die than beg in the street.= He would die rather than beg in the street.4.with,about ,have a chat with 5.1)surrounded,feeling 2)surroundings 6.1)to my measure 2).measured by 3).Our classroom measures 6 metres by 10 metres 7.1).settle down to 2).doing /do 3).settled down in 8.B.9.1).At the sight of 2)caught sight of;lost sight of 10.He has a(natural)gift for telling stories.11.1)mix, with 2)into 3).be mixed up 13.1)keep 2).in 3)at 15.1)was terrified 2)terrified, terrified 3)terrifying 16.1).impressed;on 2).impressed;with 3).made;impression upon 4).had the impression that
第二篇:高中英語(yǔ)第五單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)必修三
至于消費(fèi)時(shí)能想到買幾本什么書,似乎是愛知識(shí),但那是一種很壞的想法,被它麻醉,結(jié)果是很庸俗的認(rèn)為自己從庸俗中解脫出來。下面小編給大家分享一些英語(yǔ)第五單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)必修三,希望能夠幫助大家,歡迎閱讀!
英語(yǔ)第五單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)必修三1
重點(diǎn)單詞短語(yǔ)用法
1.rather than
含義:①與其說...不如說...②而不是
用法:連接名詞、代詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、句子
例句:
① I think I'll have a cold drink rather than coffee.② He rather than you is going to visit the factory.③ The color seems green rather than blue.拓展:①would do…rather than do …寧愿…而不愿…
I would attend the meeting rather than type the documents
② rather than:表客觀事實(shí),其后動(dòng)詞形式與主句一致
Other than 除…之外常用于否定句中
He has been playing cards rather than getting on with work.Yon can't go there other than by swimming across the river.2.chat 聊天;閑聊vi/n
用法:
①vi.: chat-chatted-chatting
②n.:不可數(shù)名詞 have a long chat with…
例句:
①We should help the children who are addicted to chatting online
②QQ where you can chat with your friends ,makes communication easier.3.surround 包圍、圍繞
用法:常與介詞“by”連用be surrounded by/with
例句:
①The people were surrounded by the flood.②I want to surround the building with trees.拓展:surrounding周圍的,只能用于名詞前作定語(yǔ)
4.measure
含義:
①v.:測(cè)量、衡量、判斷
②n.計(jì)量制、計(jì)量單位、措施
用法:
①v.當(dāng)measure作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)意為“有…長(zhǎng)(寬、高等)”用于量尺寸、面積與表示數(shù)量的詞或短語(yǔ)連用,其主語(yǔ)是表示物的名詞或代詞。
②n.:不可數(shù)名詞
take measures/steps to do sth.采取措施作…
例句:
①Our classroom measure seven meters wide.②It's hard to measure the importance of good manners.③An hour is a measure of time.拓展: measurement n.尺寸、測(cè)量 beyond measure 非常、及其 in some measure 在某種程度上
take one's measure 給某人量尺寸
5.settle down
定居、平靜下來、專心于
例句:Because of the Three Gorges Project, many people left their hometown andsettled down in shanghai
拓展:settle down to doing sth.開始認(rèn)真對(duì)待某事
settle on sth.決定做某事
settle for sth.勉強(qiáng)認(rèn)可某事
6.manage to do sth.設(shè)法做成某事
例句:The soldiers managed to save the children from mudslide(塌方).辨析:
① manage to do sth.側(cè)重設(shè)法做成某事、相當(dāng)于succeeded in doing sth.He managed to organize a live concert.He succeeded in organize a live concert.②try to do sth.側(cè)重盡力做某事但不一定成功
I try to persuade him to give up smoking but failed.7.catch sight of
看見、瞥見(強(qiáng)調(diào)突然看到)
用法:側(cè)重表達(dá)看的結(jié)果,相當(dāng)于see
例句: Wen I was walking in the street, I caught sight of my boss
拓展:at first sight 乍一見,見到第一眼。out of sight 看不見 lose sight of 看不見,忽略
8.have a gift for 有…天賦
例句:
She has a gift for learning English.拓展:“gift”的三種用法
① 表天賦、天資、才能
He is a man of many gift
② 指禮物
This car was given to me as a birthday gift
③ “gifted”作形容詞表有天賦的。be gifted at/in
My sister is gifted at drawing
9.border n./v.含義:①n.邊界、國(guó)界、邊沿
②v.與…接壤、接近
用法:
① on the border of 在…的邊緣
② border on 接近、近乎于
例句:
① We camped on the border of a lake
② She felt an anxiety bordering on hysteria(癔病,歇斯底里,不正常的興奮)
拓展:border邊境居民 borderline邊界線 borderland邊疆
10.speed
用法:①作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)表:速進(jìn)、疾行
②作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)表:促進(jìn)、使加速 speed up
③作名詞表:速度、速率 eg:
① The ambulance sped to the hospital.② China is speeding the construction pace in order to catch up with thedeveloped countries.③ at a speed of sixty miles an hour
11.impressed
使印象深刻、使銘記
用法:
①be impressed by/with
②impress on sb.sth.③impress sth.on/upon sb./one's mind/memory eg:
① The girl impressed me most favorably
② My father impressed on me the value of hard work
③ What he said and did was really impressed on me/my memory
12.rise-rose-risen
含義:
①上升
②站起來、起床 相當(dāng)于:
stand up 和 get up
例句:
①The teacher rose and left the office.②We should form a good habit of rising early in the mooning
辨析:rise 與raise
① rise vi.作:“上升”講時(shí)指繼續(xù)上升,常用于指自然景觀、物價(jià)、溫度、河水、人的職務(wù)等
The sun has not yet risen
② raise vt.意為“舉起”、提出、飼養(yǎng)、種植、作“舉起”講時(shí)往往有使物體到達(dá)應(yīng)有的高度之意
Let's raise glasses to the
friendship.13.mixture n.混合物、混合狀態(tài)
例句:
The talk was conducted in a mixture of English, Russian and French.拓展: ① mix vt./vi 混合,調(diào)配
If you mix blue and yellow.You will get green.② be /get mixed up 弄糊涂了,雜亂無章
be /get mixed up in/with 卷入、牽涉進(jìn)去
Mix up 混合、混淆
14.confirm
含義:① vt.證實(shí)、證明、批準(zhǔn)
② 使感覺更強(qiáng)烈、確認(rèn)
例句:
① The new minister will be confirmed by the Queen.② The latest developments confirmed me in my belief.拓展:confirmation n.證實(shí)、確認(rèn)書
15.distance
含義:① n.距離、遠(yuǎn)方
② 指時(shí)間的久遠(yuǎn)
例句:
① We can see the mountain from the distance。
② After this distance of time, I can't recognize him at the time.拓展:distant 遙遠(yuǎn)的 in the distance 在遠(yuǎn)方 at/from a distance 從遠(yuǎn)處,隔一段距離。
16.dreamed about/of(doing)sth.夢(mèng)想、夢(mèng)見、做夢(mèng)、想象
例句:
① I never dreamed of seeing snow falling in September in Xinjiang.② He got the first place this time ,but he never dreamed of /about it.英語(yǔ)第五單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)必修三2
重點(diǎn)句型
It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall.本句為so…that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句
Beijing is so beautiful that it attracts many visitors from abroad everyyear.The trees are extremely tall, Some measuring over 90 meters.Some measuring over 90meters為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu),在句子中作狀語(yǔ)。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)主要表示謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間、原因、條件或伴隨情況等。相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句或并列句。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)有下面幾種形式:
①名詞(代詞)+動(dòng)詞ing形式
We shall play the match tomorrow ,weather permitting
②名詞(代詞)+過去分詞
The job finished ,we went home.③名詞(代詞)+不定式
So many people to help him,he is sure to succeed.④名詞(代詞)+介詞短語(yǔ)
A girl came in,some books in hand.⑤名詞(代詞)+形容詞或副詞
He sat in the front vow, his mouth half open.⑥There being +名詞(代詞)
There being nothing else to do ,we went home.⑦ It being +名詞(代詞)
It being Christmas, the government offices were closed.At school ,they had learned that most Canadians live within a few hundredkilometers of the USA border.過去完成時(shí)態(tài):had learned 但由于從句表達(dá)的是客觀事實(shí)所以從句使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
學(xué)好英語(yǔ)的方法和技巧
第一、明確自己的學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)
很多人說學(xué)英語(yǔ)不就是為了應(yīng)試考試嗎?實(shí)則不然,英語(yǔ)是一門語(yǔ)言,不論是考試還是交流當(dāng)中也能用到,而當(dāng)你在學(xué)英語(yǔ)的時(shí)候一定要明確自己為什么要學(xué)英語(yǔ),學(xué)英語(yǔ)的動(dòng)機(jī)是什么,只有明確自己的動(dòng)機(jī)之后,你才會(huì)關(guān)注一切和英語(yǔ)有關(guān)的信息,這樣才能保持學(xué)習(xí)激情和學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)力。
第二、保持良好的英文閱讀習(xí)慣
像英文經(jīng)典名著、報(bào)紙、電子郵件以及社交媒體等等,保持一定的閱讀習(xí)慣,可以給你帶來很多有趣的新詞匯,即便你已經(jīng)在有一定的英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)下面,也可以幫助快速提高你的閱讀反應(yīng)能力,再者新的學(xué)習(xí)新的詞匯的時(shí)候回將你腦海中的其他詞匯重新記憶,另一方面閱讀對(duì)詞語(yǔ)構(gòu)建表達(dá)能力也是非常有幫助的,因?yàn)樵陂喿x的過程中,詞句是本身帶有英語(yǔ)思維方式,存在潛在的熏陶,所以英語(yǔ)閱讀是非常重要的,且一定要保持良好的閱讀習(xí)慣。
第三、訂閱有去的在線閱讀頻道
像youtube或者播客頻道,涵蓋政治話題、生活、教育等話題內(nèi)容,你可以在休閑時(shí)刻或者上班路上收聽,在剛開始的時(shí)候你可能會(huì)覺口音發(fā)音困難,但是只要堅(jiān)持下去,你很快就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)你所聽到的以及你能理解的都是純正的以英語(yǔ)為母語(yǔ)國(guó)家人士的詞匯,對(duì)于的發(fā)音以及聽力是非常有幫助的。
第四、不斷的使用新詞匯以達(dá)到鞏固的作用
要說這個(gè)技巧是非常大眾化的一個(gè)技巧,因?yàn)樵谟⒄Z(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的過程中,大家都喜歡一些新鮮事物,不太喜歡按部就班的學(xué)習(xí)方式,因此在學(xué)習(xí)的過程當(dāng)中可以多多的使用新單詞進(jìn)行詞句構(gòu)建,讓學(xué)習(xí)的過程保持新鮮感,同時(shí)也能在詞句構(gòu)建的過程中塑造英語(yǔ)思維方式。
第五、保持解決問題的能力
在學(xué)英語(yǔ)的過程當(dāng)中難免會(huì)碰到很多問題,而這些問題如果能夠得到及時(shí)解決,那么對(duì)于養(yǎng)成解決問題的能力是非常有幫助的,在日后出現(xiàn)學(xué)習(xí)瓶頸的時(shí)候自己能夠輕松的找到突破的方法,但如果遇到問題不予與積極解決,問題越堆越多對(duì)自身的學(xué)習(xí)自信心以及學(xué)習(xí)技巧的驗(yàn)證也是會(huì)起到很大的一個(gè)負(fù)面的作用.高中英語(yǔ)第五單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)必修三
第三篇:必修三第五單元
第五單元檢測(cè)題
一、選擇題:
1. 1897年,一代經(jīng)學(xué)大師俞樾對(duì)生徒慨嘆:“最近三年中,時(shí)局一變,風(fēng)氣大開,人人爭(zhēng)言西學(xué)。”此時(shí)“人人爭(zhēng)言西學(xué)”側(cè)重于()A.學(xué)習(xí)科學(xué)技術(shù) B仿行西方制度 C.倡導(dǎo)實(shí)業(yè)救國(guó) D.創(chuàng)辦新式教育 2.梁?jiǎn)⒊f,知有兵事而不知有民政??知有朝廷而不知有國(guó)民??以為吾中國(guó)之政教風(fēng)俗無一不優(yōu)于他國(guó)。這里批評(píng)的是當(dāng)時(shí)某個(gè)派別主張()A.中學(xué)為體,西學(xué)為用 B.師夷長(zhǎng)技以制夷
C.軍事為主,民生為輔 D.原封不動(dòng)地維護(hù)封建統(tǒng)治
3.1898年康有為在《上清帝第五書》中說:“若詔旨一下,天下雷動(dòng),士氣奮躍,海內(nèi)聳望??如是則庶政盡舉,民心知戴。”從材料中推出的符合史實(shí)的結(jié)論是
A.變法缺乏理論基礎(chǔ) B.變法具有廣泛的群眾基礎(chǔ)
C.變法鼓舞了清軍士氣 D.維新派沒有認(rèn)識(shí)到變法的復(fù)雜性
4.張之洞在《勸學(xué)篇》說:“中學(xué)為內(nèi)學(xué),西學(xué)為外學(xué);中學(xué)治身心,西學(xué)應(yīng)世事,不必盡索之于經(jīng)文,而必?zé)o悖于經(jīng)文。”下列觀點(diǎn)突破了張之洞主張的是()A.“師夷長(zhǎng)技以自強(qiáng)” B.“以中國(guó)之倫常名教為原本,輔以諸國(guó)強(qiáng)兵之術(shù)” C.“啟民智、伸民權(quán)、設(shè)議院” D.“中學(xué)為體,西學(xué)為用”
5.梁?jiǎn)⒊凇蹲兎ㄍㄗh》中指出:“世界之運(yùn),由亂而進(jìn)于平,勝敗之原,由力而趨于智,故言自強(qiáng)于今日,以開民智為第一義。”下列與梁?jiǎn)⒊?“開民智”不符合的是()A.舉辦新式學(xué)堂 B.創(chuàng)辦新式報(bào)刊
C.鼓吹民主共和思想 D.介紹了西方資產(chǎn)階級(jí)的學(xué)術(shù)思想
6.鄭觀應(yīng)評(píng)價(jià)洋務(wù)運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)曾說過“中國(guó)遺其體而求其用,無論竭蹶趨步,常不相及”。這實(shí)際上是指()A.中國(guó)失去了發(fā)展的機(jī)遇 B.洋務(wù)派沒有學(xué)習(xí)西方的資本主義制度 C.中國(guó)和西方差距太大 D.西方國(guó)家阻撓中國(guó)工業(yè)化進(jìn)程
7.魏源在19世紀(jì)50年代寫到:西方人講禮貌、正直、有知識(shí),根本不應(yīng)該稱之為“夷”。四五十年代的許多著作把西方人稱“夷”,但在七八十年代這些著作再版時(shí)都改作“洋”了。該變化反映了()A.中國(guó)人對(duì)西方認(rèn)識(shí)的逐步深入 B.中國(guó)人由仇視西方到崇拜西方 C.由中國(guó)中心到西方中心的變化 D.對(duì)西方外交政策由對(duì)抗到和解 8.1860年前后,中國(guó)人對(duì)外國(guó)生活好奇并傾向于采用外國(guó)思想的情緒在慢慢地增長(zhǎng),到十九世紀(jì)九十年代以后又加速發(fā)展了。這一“情緒”加速發(fā)展的主要原因
①民族危機(jī)加深 ②民族資本主義發(fā)展 ③西學(xué)東漸不斷深入 ④清政府統(tǒng)治腐朽
A.①②③④ B.③④ C.①③④ D.①②④
9.“中國(guó)擅長(zhǎng)的是道,西方擅長(zhǎng)的是器。中國(guó)原來也包括器的,但是后來這套科學(xué)技術(shù)‘器’的研究沒有被重視,失傳了,傳到西方去了。我們現(xiàn)在向西方學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)的即是我們傳過去的東西,中國(guó)古今有之,傳到西方,現(xiàn)在‘天將器還中國(guó)’,我們又學(xué)習(xí)。這是合理的,必要的。”材料中所說的“道”是()A.中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)思想道德 B.科學(xué)技術(shù) C.民本思想和制度 D.自然規(guī)律 10.中國(guó)近代思想主要經(jīng)歷了“師夷長(zhǎng)技以制夷”“中體西用”“維新變法”“民主共和”“民主與科學(xué)”及“馬克思主義”的演進(jìn)過程。這些思想反映的共同主題是()A.發(fā)展資本主義 B.救亡圖存 C.反抗外來侵略 D.反對(duì)專制統(tǒng)治
11.上海師范大學(xué)教授蕭功秦指出,中國(guó)人中的世俗理性的最初覺醒,并不是人
權(quán)與自由的啟蒙意識(shí),而是這種為民族生存而激發(fā)的以務(wù)實(shí)地?cái)[脫危機(jī)為目標(biāo)的避害趨利意識(shí)?!笆浪桌硇缘淖畛跤X醒”是指()A.明末清初的“工商皆本”意識(shí) B.魏源的“師夷長(zhǎng)技以制夷”思想 C.洋務(wù)運(yùn)動(dòng)的“中體西用”主張 D.新文化運(yùn)動(dòng)的“民主與科學(xué)”思想 12.袁世凱《大總統(tǒng)祭圣告令》:“本大總統(tǒng)躬膺重任,早作夜思,以為政體雖取革新,而禮俗要當(dāng)保守。環(huán)球各國(guó),各有所以立國(guó)之精神,秉諸先民,蒸為特性。中國(guó)服循圣道,自齊家、治國(guó)、平天下,無不本于修身?!痹绖P這樣做()A.維護(hù)了君主專制政體
B.排斥了西方文明的傳播 C.引發(fā)了新文化運(yùn)動(dòng)
D.篡奪了辛亥革命的果實(shí)
13. 1915年一篇文章引用尼采的觀點(diǎn)說:“德國(guó)大哲學(xué)家尼采分道德為兩類:有獨(dú)立心而勇敢者曰貴族道德,謙遜而服從者曰奴隸道德?!辈⒄J(rèn)為:“忠孝節(jié)義,奴隸之道德也?!痹撐牡淖珜懻咦钣锌赡苁?)A.陳獨(dú)秀 B.梁?jiǎn)⒊?C.孫中山 D.毛澤東
14.某思想家在20世紀(jì)初大聲疾呼:“吾寧忍過去國(guó)粹之消亡,而不忍現(xiàn)在及將來之民族,不適世界之生存而歸消滅也。??其不能善變而與之俱進(jìn)者,將見其不適環(huán)境之爭(zhēng)存,而退歸天然淘汰已耳!”從中可見,該思想家主張()A.打破保守觀念,為新文化營(yíng)造空間 B.剔除傳統(tǒng)糟粕,重建儒家信仰 C.宣揚(yáng)改革理念,為康梁變法造聲勢(shì) D.遵循進(jìn)化理論,任憑自然選擇 15.蔡元培為發(fā)展中國(guó)新文化教育事業(yè)做出了重大貢獻(xiàn),堪稱“學(xué)界泰斗、人世楷?!?。他擔(dān)任北大校長(zhǎng)后,支持新文化運(yùn)動(dòng),提倡學(xué)術(shù)研究,主張“思想自由,兼容并包”,這一主張最重要的影響是()A.活躍了思想,使學(xué)術(shù)興盛 B.對(duì)舊勢(shì)力妥協(xié),致使北大舊勢(shì)力猖獗 C.不利于資本主義思想的傳播 D.保護(hù)了進(jìn)步學(xué)術(shù)思想,促進(jìn)了思想解放 16.小說《妖夢(mèng)》中有一對(duì)聯(lián):“白話通神,紅樓夢(mèng)、水滸真不可思議;古文討厭,歐陽(yáng)修、韓愈是什么東西?!边@樣的對(duì)聯(lián)最有可能出自()A.洋務(wù)運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)期 B.辛亥革命時(shí)期 C.戊戌變法時(shí)期 D.新文化運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)期
17. 1919年12月31日深夜,詩(shī)人劉大白在他的詩(shī)作《紅色的新年》中寫道:“拿錘兒的說:‘世間底表面的,是誰造成的?你瞧!世間人住的、著得、使的,哪一件不是錘兒下面的工程?’拿鋤兒的說:‘世間的生命,是誰養(yǎng)活的?你瞧,世間人吃的、喝的、抽的,哪一件不是鋤兒下面的結(jié)果?’”這首詩(shī)的創(chuàng)作背景是()A.胡適等人提倡文學(xué)革命 B.南京國(guó)民政府統(tǒng)治黑暗 C.俄國(guó)建成社會(huì)主義社會(huì) D.工農(nóng)運(yùn)動(dòng)勃然興起
18.孫中山認(rèn)為:“中國(guó)現(xiàn)在雖然沒有大地主,但是一般農(nóng)民,都是沒有田的,農(nóng)民所耕的田,大都是屬于地主的,地主卻不去耕作。中國(guó)農(nóng)民都不是為自己耕田,是替地主耕田,所生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品,大半是被地主奪去了。這是個(gè)很大的問題,應(yīng)該用政治和法律手段來解決?!睂?duì)此理解正確的是()A.體現(xiàn)了空想性和革命性的統(tǒng)一 B.土地問題是三民主義的核心 C.主張用革命手段剝奪地主土地 D.體現(xiàn)了“耕者有其田”的思想 19.孫中山在《三民主義與中國(guó)》中指出:“似乎歐美各國(guó)應(yīng)該家給人足,樂享幸福??然而試看各國(guó)的現(xiàn)象??富者極少,貧者極多??所以倡民生主義,就是因貧富不均。”其倡民生,解決貧富不均的核心措施是()A.平均地權(quán) B.節(jié)制資本 C.發(fā)展實(shí)業(yè) D.實(shí)行社會(huì)救濟(jì)
★20.郭沫若在1925年寫了一篇題為“馬克思進(jìn)文廟”的小說。在交談中,孔子發(fā)現(xiàn)馬克思的理想社會(huì)與自己的大同理想“不謀而合”,馬克思也發(fā)現(xiàn)自己對(duì)世界與人生的看法與孔子“完全相同”;最后,馬克思慨嘆:“我不想在兩千年前,在遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)的東方,已經(jīng)有了你這樣一個(gè)老同志!” 由此可見,郭沫若認(rèn)為()
A.孔子的儒家思想可以救中國(guó) B.馬克思與孔子思想具有相通性 C.馬克思主義應(yīng)與中國(guó)實(shí)際相結(jié)合 D.宣傳馬克思主義應(yīng)以孔子為旗號(hào) 21.孫中山在評(píng)價(jià)馬克思時(shí)說:“苦心孤詣,研究資本問題,垂三十年之久,著如《資本論》一書,闡發(fā)真理,不遺余力,而無條理之學(xué)說,逐成有系統(tǒng)之學(xué)理;研究社會(huì)主義者,咸知此本。”以上材料說明了()A.孫中山推崇馬克思主義理論 B.馬克思主義在中國(guó)的傳播引起反響 C.孫中山的政治主張發(fā)生實(shí)質(zhì)性轉(zhuǎn)變 D.孫中山在為國(guó)共合作進(jìn)行思想準(zhǔn)備 22.1938年10月,毛澤東在中共中央六屆六中全會(huì)上所作的政治報(bào)告中指出:沒有抽象的馬克思主義,只有具體的馬克思主義。他在這里強(qiáng)調(diào)的是()A.少談些抽象的主義,多研究具體的問題 B.馬克思主義必須與中國(guó)具體的實(shí)踐相結(jié)合 C.必須研究馬克思主義產(chǎn)生的具體歷史條件 D.馬克思主義的立場(chǎng)和方法比基本原理更重要
23.以毛澤東為代表的中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨人探索了一條有中國(guó)特色的革命道路;以鄧小平為首的中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨人開創(chuàng)了中國(guó)特色的社會(huì)主義建設(shè)道路。二者的根本共同點(diǎn)是(A.堅(jiān)定不移地走社會(huì)主義道路 B.始終不渝地貫徹黨的最高綱領(lǐng) C.把反“左”作為革命進(jìn)程中的重要任務(wù) D.實(shí)事求是,從中國(guó)的國(guó)情出發(fā) 24.李大釗在其1918年發(fā)表的《庶民的勝利》中指出:“??須知這種潮流,是只能迎,不可拒的。我們應(yīng)該準(zhǔn)備怎么能適應(yīng)這個(gè)潮流,不可抵抗這個(gè)潮流。??”在這里,“潮流”指的是()A.向西方學(xué)習(xí)B.社會(huì)主義運(yùn)動(dòng) C.新文化運(yùn)動(dòng) D.反馬克思主義運(yùn)動(dòng) 25.毛澤東思想是馬克思主義中國(guó)化的產(chǎn)物。下列紅色旅游景點(diǎn)最能見證毛澤東思想走向成熟的是()
26.毛澤東:“為人民服務(wù)”;鄧小平:“我是中國(guó)人民的兒子,我的一切都是為了我的祖國(guó)和人民”;江澤民:“堅(jiān)持立黨為公,執(zhí)政為民,堅(jiān)持以人民群眾為本,必須實(shí)現(xiàn)好、維護(hù)好、發(fā)展好最廣大人民的根本利益”。材料體現(xiàn)的共同本質(zhì)思想是()A.提高黨和國(guó)家的執(zhí)政能力 B.代表最廣大人民的根本利益 C.中共黨人集體智慧的結(jié)晶 D.一脈相承而且與時(shí)俱進(jìn)
27.梁?jiǎn)⒊凇段煨缯冇洝分袑懙?“康有為以為望變法于朝廷,其事頗難。然各國(guó)之革政,未有不從國(guó)民而起者;故欲倡之于下,以喚起國(guó)民之議論,振刷國(guó)民之精神,使厚蓄其力,以待他日之用?!边@說明()A.康梁意識(shí)到啟發(fā)民智的重要 B.戊戌變法沒有借鑒外國(guó)經(jīng)驗(yàn) C.康梁認(rèn)為變法不能依靠朝廷
D.戊戌變法是發(fā)自民眾的運(yùn)動(dòng)
28.秦漢以來儒家思想不斷發(fā)展。下列屬于吸收外來文化因素、闡釋儒家思想的著作
是()①《春秋繁露》 ②《四書章句集注》 ③《儒林外史》 ④《孔子改制考》 A.①② B.②④ C.①③ D.③④
29. 1900年張之洞《勸學(xué)篇》出版英譯本。英國(guó)媒體稱,這標(biāo)志著“長(zhǎng)期以來習(xí)慣于孔夫子的陳詞濫調(diào)下變得死氣沉沉的中國(guó)人,終于在時(shí)代的現(xiàn)實(shí)面前蘇醒過來”。評(píng)論認(rèn)為《勸學(xué)篇》()A.順應(yīng)時(shí)代潮流 B.是對(duì)傳統(tǒng)文化的全面否定
C.指出中國(guó)未來之路 D.主張拋棄孔夫子中國(guó)才能覺醒
30.史學(xué)家陳旭麓指出,19世紀(jì)40年代、60年代和90年代是中國(guó)社會(huì)從古代到近代變革過程中前后相接的三個(gè)歷史環(huán)節(jié)。貫穿這三個(gè)歷史環(huán)節(jié)的主題是
A.反抗封建專制與建立君主立憲的統(tǒng)一 B.批判傳統(tǒng)與全面引進(jìn)西方文化的統(tǒng)一 C.發(fā)展資本主義與建立民主共和的統(tǒng)一 D.反抗西方侵略與學(xué)習(xí)西方文化的統(tǒng)一 31. “不識(shí)國(guó)民之原理,不通世界之大勢(shì),不知政治之本原??而僅摭拾泰西皮毛,??遂乃自足。”上述言論應(yīng)當(dāng)是()A.頑固派對(duì)洋務(wù)派的批評(píng) B.洋務(wù)派對(duì)頑固派的批評(píng) C.洋務(wù)派對(duì)維新派的批評(píng)
D.維新派對(duì)洋務(wù)派的批評(píng)
32.清廷兵部左侍郎王茂蔭進(jìn)呈咸豐皇帝一書:“其書版在京,如蒙皇上許有可采,請(qǐng)飭重為刊印,使親王大臣家置一編,并令宗室八旗以是教,以是學(xué),以知夷難御而非竟無法可御?!贝藭芸爝M(jìn)入清朝最高決策層的視野,所提出的主張?jiān)谘髣?wù)運(yùn)動(dòng)中付諸實(shí)踐。該書最有可能是()A.《四洲志》 B.《海國(guó)圖志》 C.《天演論》 D.《資政新篇》 33.魏源說:“變古愈盡,便民愈甚,雖圣王復(fù)作,必不舍條編(明代稅制)而復(fù)兩稅(唐代稅制)?!迸c這一思想差異最大的是()A.治世不一道,便國(guó)不法古 B.祖宗之法不足守 C.變者天下之公理 D.托古改制 34. 1875年,郭嵩燾奏稱:“西洋立國(guó)有本有末,其本在朝廷政教,其末在商賈,造船、制器,相輔以益其強(qiáng),又末中之一節(jié)也??將謂造船、制器,用其一旦之功,遂可轉(zhuǎn)弱為強(qiáng),其余皆可不問,恐無此理?!边@一認(rèn)識(shí)()A.是中體西用論的具體表述 B.對(duì)洋務(wù)派思想有所突破 C.反映了頑固派的政治主張 D.奠定維新變法的思想基礎(chǔ)
35.從鴉片戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)到新文化運(yùn)動(dòng),中國(guó)人向西方學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)歷了曲折的歷程。整個(gè)過程體現(xiàn)了近代中國(guó)()A.學(xué)習(xí)西方就是對(duì)封建制度的不斷否定 B.學(xué)習(xí)西方是民族資本主義發(fā)展的動(dòng)力 C.內(nèi)憂外患交織促進(jìn)了學(xué)習(xí)西方的深化 D.發(fā)展資本主義是學(xué)習(xí)西方的主要目的
36.一位學(xué)者評(píng)價(jià)說:“當(dāng)時(shí)知識(shí)分子不但沒有全盤反傳統(tǒng),而且使不少被塵封或淹沒了的傳統(tǒng)重現(xiàn)光芒。例如,不登大雅之堂的白話小說,成了中國(guó)文學(xué)史的重要內(nèi)容;作為傳統(tǒng)文化的民間文學(xué),第一次真正進(jìn)入了大學(xué)的學(xué)術(shù)殿堂?!边@一觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為新文化運(yùn)動(dòng)()A.反對(duì)舊道德崇尚現(xiàn)代文化 B.混淆了先進(jìn)與落后的界限
C.充分肯定了文言文的價(jià)值 D.存在對(duì)舊文化的傳承與創(chuàng)新
37.1992年3月26日《深圳特區(qū)報(bào)》頭版頭條刊登了長(zhǎng)篇通訊《東方風(fēng)來滿眼春》,及時(shí)真實(shí)地向中國(guó)老百姓講述了鄧小平南方談話精神,向世界傳遞了偉人的聲音。下列表述與其精神相一致有()
①“重啟中國(guó)改革列車”②“南海邊的偉大詩(shī)篇”③“推進(jìn)改革開放的‘宣言書’”④“開啟國(guó)企改革大門”
A.①②③ B.②③④ C.①②④ D.①③④
38.周恩來說:“共產(chǎn)國(guó)際的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)同志都還擔(dān)心我們離工人階級(jí)太遠(yuǎn)了。我說我們?cè)谵r(nóng)村里經(jīng)過長(zhǎng)期斗爭(zhēng)的鍛煉,有毛澤東同志的領(lǐng)導(dǎo),完全可以無產(chǎn)階級(jí)化。共產(chǎn)國(guó)際的一些同志聽了之后大嘩,不以為然?!睂?duì)這段話的正確理解是()A.中國(guó)工人階級(jí)尚未登上政治舞臺(tái) B.共產(chǎn)國(guó)際反對(duì)農(nóng)民參加中國(guó)革命
C.中國(guó)奉行獨(dú)立自主的和平外交政策 D.中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨堅(jiān)持馬克思主義中國(guó)化
39.2012年12月,總書記赴廣東考察,從深圳、珠海、到廣州,輕車簡(jiǎn)從,探訪民生,倡言改革。有人說這是踏著20年前鄧小平的足跡,醞釀新一輪改革。這一“足跡”給中國(guó)帶來的重大影響不包括()A.經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)開始建立 B.社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的開始建立 C.對(duì)外開放的不斷深化 D.中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義理論的形成 40.歷史學(xué)家蕭功秦評(píng)述鄧小平模式時(shí)說:“鄧小平模式是如何從歷史上演變過來的?可以用八個(gè)字來概括,那就是‘路徑障礙,試錯(cuò)反彈’。”下列各項(xiàng)對(duì)此理解正確的是()A.極“左”思潮導(dǎo)致新中國(guó)從成立后就陷入絕境從而形成了“路徑障礙” B.鄧小平模式是以鄧小平為代表的執(zhí)政精英按照預(yù)設(shè)的藍(lán)圖施工而成的 C.走出“路徑障礙”的標(biāo)志是拋棄了毛澤東模式原有的政治資源
D.鄧小平模式是在實(shí)踐與試錯(cuò)中不斷調(diào)整面臨的矛盾與問題而形成的
二、非選擇題:
41.閱讀下列材料:
材料一 自(19世紀(jì))60年代至90年代,凡談時(shí)務(wù)、講西學(xué)者,無分朝野,皆不出“中體西用”之一途??李鴻章在派學(xué)生出洋的“應(yīng)辦事宜”中說:“考查中學(xué)西學(xué),分別教導(dǎo),將來出洋后,肄習(xí)西學(xué),仍兼講中學(xué),課以孝經(jīng)、小學(xué)、五經(jīng)及國(guó)朝律例等書,隨資高下,循序漸進(jìn)。宣講圣諭廣訓(xùn),示以尊君親上之義,庶不至囿于異學(xué)。”
——陳旭麓《論中體西用》
材料二 所謂君者,代眾民任此公共保全安樂之事,為民眾之所公舉,即為民眾之所公用。民者如店肆之東人;君者乃聘雇之司理人耳。民為主而君為客,民為主而君為仆,故民貴而君賤易明也。
——康有為《孟子微》
材料三 《新青年》和《新潮》以及包括《每周評(píng)論》在內(nèi)的許多其他雜志,對(duì)傳統(tǒng)主義的堡壘——舊文學(xué)、舊道德、舊式人際關(guān)系和儒家——發(fā)動(dòng)了全面攻擊??他們津津樂道于科學(xué)、民主、科技、不可知論、實(shí)用主義、自由主義、議會(huì)制度和個(gè)人主義。
——徐中約《中國(guó)近代史:1600~2000中國(guó)的奮斗》
請(qǐng)回答:
(1)據(jù)材料一,指出李鴻章倡導(dǎo)“肄習(xí)西學(xué),仍兼講中學(xué)”的直接目的和根本目的。
(2)材料二中康有為闡述了我國(guó)古代哪一思想家的什么主張?其中反映了康有為思想的什么特點(diǎn)?
(3)材料三對(duì)傳統(tǒng)思想的態(tài)度與材料一、二有何不同?你認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)該怎樣對(duì)待傳統(tǒng)文化?
(4)綜合上述材料,指出中國(guó)近代主流思想演變的趨勢(shì)。
42.閱讀下列材料:
材料一 馬克思說:“理論一經(jīng)掌握群眾,就會(huì)變成物質(zhì)的力量?!薄袄碚撝灰苷f服人,就能掌握群眾;而理論只要徹底,就能說服人。所謂徹底,就是抓住事物的本質(zhì)?!痹跉v史運(yùn)動(dòng)中,事物的本質(zhì),照我的理解,一是時(shí)勢(shì)發(fā)展的大趨勢(shì),一是大眾心理。把握到這兩條,就是抓住了事物的根本。
——《思想如何變成物質(zhì)的力量》
材料二 民族主義是用暴力手段推翻以滿清貴族為首的清政府的統(tǒng)治,建立起獨(dú)立的民族國(guó)家。民權(quán)主義是經(jīng)由平民革命推翻君主專制政體,建立民主立憲政體、民生主義是解決社會(huì)問題,提出解決民生的辦法是核定地價(jià)。三民主義是辛亥革命的重要理論指導(dǎo)。
——《歷史材料與解析》
材料三 中國(guó)現(xiàn)時(shí)社會(huì)的性質(zhì),既然是殖民地、半殖民地、半封建的性質(zhì),它就決定了中國(guó)革命必須分為兩個(gè)步驟(階段)。第一步(階段),改變這個(gè)殖民地、半殖民地、半封建的社會(huì)形態(tài)使之變成一個(gè)獨(dú)立的民主主義的社會(huì)。第二步(階段),使革命向前發(fā)展,建立一個(gè)社會(huì)主義的社會(huì)。中國(guó)現(xiàn)時(shí)的革命,是在走第一步。
——毛澤東《新民主主義論》
材料四 改革開放邁不開步子,不敢闖,說來說去就是怕資本主義的東西多了,走了資本主義的道路。要害是姓“資”還是姓“社”的問題。判斷的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),應(yīng)該主要看是否有利于發(fā)展社會(huì)主義的生產(chǎn)力,是否有利于增強(qiáng)社會(huì)主義國(guó)家的綜合國(guó)力,是否有利于提高人民的生活水平。
——《鄧小平文選》第三卷
請(qǐng)回答:
(1)依據(jù)材料二,分析三民主義是如何體現(xiàn)材料一中的“抓住事物的本質(zhì)”的。
(2)依據(jù)材料三,指出毛澤東根據(jù)當(dāng)時(shí)中國(guó)革命形勢(shì)發(fā)展的趨勢(shì),將中國(guó)革命分為兩個(gè)階段的依據(jù)。并說明第一階段的革命任務(wù)和革命性質(zhì)。
(3)依據(jù)材料四,指出鄧小平理論是如何把握我國(guó)新時(shí)期的“時(shí)勢(shì)發(fā)展的大趨勢(shì)”的。
(4)依據(jù)材料二、三、四和所學(xué)知識(shí),指出這些理論所產(chǎn)生的“物質(zhì)力量”。
43.(2012·杭州)一個(gè)擁有偉大思想的民族,才能擁有不斷前進(jìn)的動(dòng)力。閱讀下列材料,結(jié)合所學(xué)知識(shí)回答問題。
材料一 自西洋文明輸入吾國(guó),最初促吾人之覺悟者為學(xué)術(shù),相形見絀,舉國(guó)所知矣;其次為政治,年來政象所證明,以有不克守缺抱殘之勢(shì)。繼今以往,國(guó)人所懷疑莫決者,當(dāng)為倫理問題。此而不能覺悟,則前之所謂覺悟者,非徹底之覺悟,蓋猶在倘恍迷離之境。吾敢斷言曰:倫理的覺悟,為吾人最后覺悟之最后覺悟。
——陳獨(dú)秀《吾人最后之覺悟》
材料二 什么叫社會(huì)主義,我們過去對(duì)這個(gè)問題并不是很清醒的,馬克思主義最注重發(fā)展生產(chǎn)力??計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)不等于社會(huì)主義,資本主義也有計(jì)劃,市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)不等于資本主義,社會(huì)主義也有市場(chǎng),計(jì)劃和市場(chǎng)都是經(jīng)濟(jì)手段。社會(huì)主義的本質(zhì)是解放生產(chǎn)力,發(fā)展生產(chǎn)力,消滅剝削,消除兩極分化,最終達(dá)到共同富裕。
——《鄧小平文選》
(1)材料一中,陳獨(dú)秀認(rèn)為“西洋文明輸入吾國(guó)”后,國(guó)人的“覺悟”經(jīng)歷了三個(gè)階段,請(qǐng)指出是哪三個(gè)階段,并結(jié)合所學(xué)知識(shí)簡(jiǎn)要說明每個(gè)階段起始時(shí)期的核心主張。
(2)結(jié)合所學(xué)知識(shí)概括指出國(guó)人在第二、第三階段的“覺悟”最終對(duì)中國(guó)政治面貌所起的革命性變化。
(3)材料二中鄧小平所闡述的核心問題是什么?為什么說1992年的“南方談話”是改革開放的第二次宣言書?
44、詞語(yǔ)和概念的變化,可以為探究歷史提供重要信息。閱讀下列材料,結(jié)合所學(xué)知識(shí)問答問題。
材料一 在中國(guó),對(duì)science的翻譯經(jīng)歷了從“格致”到“科學(xué)”的用詞變化。中國(guó)古代本有“科學(xué)”一詞。如宋人文集中有“處科學(xué)之興,世為士者往往困于一日之程文,甚至于老死而或不遇”之句。明末清初,受古代“格物致知”的影響,時(shí)人將“science”音譯為“格致”。19世紀(jì)中葉后,“研格致,營(yíng)制造者,乘時(shí)而起”,“格致”一詞大量使用。19世紀(jì)末,梁?jiǎn)⒊刃Х氯毡镜淖龇?,將“science”譯為“從事科學(xué),講求政藝?!泵駠?guó)初,學(xué)界還將science音譯為“賽因斯”,意在強(qiáng)調(diào)科學(xué)的理性精神。
——據(jù)《近代漢字術(shù)語(yǔ)創(chuàng)制的兩種類型》等
材料二 隨著“代議制民主”概念的形成和逐漸流傳。民主概念發(fā)生了重大的轉(zhuǎn)化。不僅古代“直接民主”是“民主”,而且近代“間接民主”也是“民主”。隨著后一種民主在實(shí)踐中的不斷擴(kuò)展和完善,它幾乎成了人們所知的西方那一個(gè)人惟一形態(tài),日常使用的“民主”一詞,指的已不是古代直接民主。
——據(jù)《美國(guó)革命時(shí)期民主概念的演變》等
(1)材料一中的中國(guó)古代“科學(xué)”一詞與何種選官制度相關(guān)?程朱理學(xué)中“格物致知”的目的是什么?(4分)
(2)19世紀(jì)中葉以后,從“格致”到“賽因斯”,反映中國(guó)向西方學(xué)習(xí)的內(nèi)容發(fā)生了怎樣的變化?并分析變化的原因。(12分)
(3)結(jié)合材料二和所學(xué) 知識(shí),從西方民主政治發(fā)展的角度,簡(jiǎn)要分析“民主”概念變化的原因。(8分)
(4)從“經(jīng)濟(jì)”、“中學(xué)”、“粉絲”3個(gè)詞語(yǔ)中任選1個(gè),說明其含義或用法的歷史變化。(3分)
第五單元檢測(cè)題答案
1—5BADCC 6—10BAAAB 11—15BCAAD 16—20DADAB
21—25BBDBC 26—30BABAD 31—35DBDBC 36—40DADAD
41、【答案】(1)直接目的:堅(jiān)持中體西用;維護(hù)封建倫理道德;避免被西方文化同化。根本目的:維護(hù)清朝統(tǒng)治。
(2)思想家及主張:孟子,“民貴君輕”。特點(diǎn):借助儒家思想宣傳資產(chǎn)階級(jí)民主思想。
(3)不同:從維護(hù)到完全否定。批判繼承(或取其精華,棄其糟粕),避免絕對(duì)肯定或絕對(duì)否定等。
(4)趨勢(shì):從傳統(tǒng)儒家思想向民主思想演變。
42、【答案】(1)符合時(shí)勢(shì)發(fā)展的大趨勢(shì):實(shí)現(xiàn)民族獨(dú)立;實(shí)現(xiàn)近代化(或?qū)嵭匈Y本主義)。把握到大眾的心理:對(duì)民族危機(jī)加劇不滿;對(duì)清政府的腐敗統(tǒng)治不滿;要求解決民生問題。
(2)依據(jù):半殖民地半封建的社會(huì)性質(zhì)。任務(wù):反帝反封建。性質(zhì):民主革命。(3)大趨勢(shì):改革開放;發(fā)展生產(chǎn)力;增強(qiáng)綜合國(guó)力;提高人民生活水平。
(4)物質(zhì)力量:三民主義指導(dǎo)辛亥革命結(jié)束了封建君主專制制度;新民主主義理論指導(dǎo)中國(guó)新民主主義革命取得勝利;鄧小平理論指導(dǎo)改革開放(現(xiàn)代化建設(shè))取得重大成就。
43、【答案】(1)學(xué)術(shù)覺悟(學(xué)器物):林則徐、魏源“師夷長(zhǎng)技以制夷”,學(xué)習(xí)西方科技。
政治覺悟(學(xué)制度):維新派仿效西方政治制度,主張君主立憲。倫理覺悟(學(xué)思想):新文化運(yùn)動(dòng),主張“民主、科學(xué)”。(2)政治覺悟(學(xué)制度):結(jié)束君主專制,確立民主共和制度。
倫理覺悟(學(xué)思想):馬克思主義傳播,中共成立。(進(jìn)入新民主主義革命階段)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)新民主主義革命勝利,結(jié)束半殖民地半封建社會(huì)的歷史,逐步進(jìn)入社會(huì)主義社會(huì)。
(3)核心問題:什么是社會(huì)主義,怎樣建設(shè)社會(huì)主義(社會(huì)主義的概念和標(biāo)準(zhǔn))。原因:“南方談話”解放了思想,深化了改革開放,奠定了社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)理論的基礎(chǔ)。
44、【考點(diǎn)】本題以史學(xué)研究和史學(xué)觀點(diǎn)為切入點(diǎn),全面考查了學(xué)生提取歷史信息、說明和論證歷史現(xiàn)象和歷史觀點(diǎn)、闡釋歷史事物的能力?!敬鸢浮浚?)科舉制度(2分);“究天理”(2分)(2)變化:技術(shù)——政治制度——思想文化;(2分)
原因:甲午戰(zhàn)敗,認(rèn)識(shí)到制度的落后和“師夷長(zhǎng)技”的局限;(3分)開始學(xué)習(xí)西方的政治,推行政治改良;(2分)辛亥革命后建立民國(guó),但民主政體有名無實(shí);(3分)于是提倡科學(xué)精神,尋求思想解放。(2分)(3)代議制度建立;(2分)代議制民主具有優(yōu)越性,如可適用于地廣人多的國(guó)家;(3分)而且在實(shí)踐中不斷完善,如選民范圍日益擴(kuò)大;并擴(kuò)展到更多國(guó)家。(3分)(4)本問總分3分。考生言之有理,皆可得分。
【評(píng)分說明】考生答案如超出要點(diǎn)但言之成理,可在每問總分范圍內(nèi)酌情給分。第(4)問,指出一個(gè)時(shí)期的含義或用法,給1分,指出兩個(gè)及以上時(shí)期的含義或用法,給3分。
第四篇:高中英語(yǔ)必修二第五單元教案
Teaching plan for Unit 5 book 2 Good morning, professors, it’s my great pleasure to be here sharing my lessons with you.The content of the lesson is Senior English for China Student’s Book 2 Unit 5 Music.I’ll begin the lesson from the following five parts, the teaching material, the teaching methods, the studying methods, the teaching procedure and blackboard design.First, let me talk about the teaching material.Firstly,let me introduce the teaching material.This unit is to introduce to us different types of band.The reading passage is the center of this unit.It is made up of 4 paragraphs, that is, many people want to be famous as singers or musicians, form a band, Monkees began as a TV show and they became even more popular than the Beatles.The text is the most important teaching material in this lesson, which extends the main topic “music” and contains most of the vocabulary and grammar points that students should learn in this unit.Secondly, I want to tell something about the students.Although the students have the basic abilities of listening, speaking, reading, and writing, they still need many opportunities to practice what they have learned, to express their ideas, feelings, and experience and to develop their autonomous learning ability and cooperative learning ability Thirdly, I’d like to talk about teaching aims and demands 1 Knowledge aims:
(1)to help students to understand and master the words, phrases and sentence patterns.(2)to know some basic information about music 2 Ability aims:
(1)To improve the students’ organizing and using skills of English as the second language(2)To understand the main idea, to scan for the needed information and to grasp the details 3 Emotional aims:
(1)Help students understand different type of music and how to form a band(2)Develop students’ sense of cooperative learning Fourthly, teaching key points is 1.To help the students get a general idea of the whole passage, and some detailed information and language points as well.2.To understand how Monkees formed, developed and succeed.Teaching difficult points is 1.The students use their own words to express their own ideas.2.the prep+ whom/which attribute clause According to the analysis above, I’ll try to use the following theories to make students the real master of the class while the teacher myself the director.a.Communicative Language Teaching
Language is used for communication.It’s learner-centered and emphasizes communication and real-life situations.b.Task-based Language Teaching
A task resembles activities which our students or other people carry out in everyday life, Learners should be given opportunities to reflect on what they have learned and how well they are doing.c.Computer Assisted Language Teaching Language learning needs a context, which can help the learners to understand the language and then can product comprehensible output, so computer has the advantages to make the materials attractive.Part 3 Learning Methods Task-based, self-dependent and cooperative learning Part 4 Teaching Procedure Step One Lead-in “Interest is the best teacher.” Therefore, at the very beginning of the class, I should spark the students’ mind to focus on the centre topic “the band”.I’ll play some different type of music to attract their attention and then bring some questions.Question: What kind of music they like? Which band they know best? The answers must relate to band.After this, the students will be eager to know something about band and this is the very time to naturally lead the class into Step 2 Step 2 Reading for information: skimming and scanning In this step, I use Task-based Language Teaching method, which can give students a clear and specific purpose while skimming and scanning the context.Task 1 General idea
The students will be asked to just glance at the title and the pictures of the passage, and then guess what they will read in the text.And they’ll be divided into groups of four to have a discussion.The purpose is to inspire the students to read actively, not passively.In addition, the task is to develop the students’ reading skill by making prediction and to encourage the students to express their thoughts in English and cooperate with each other.Task 2 Main idea of each paragraph
Cooperative learning can raise the students’ interest and create an atmosphere of achievement.Based on this theory, I divide the whole class into 4 groups to skim the whole text and get the main idea of each paragraph.Step 3 Reading for comprehension The purpose of reading is to get the correct and useful information.Students should not only have a high speed of reading but also have a correct understanding of details.Therefore the following practices on Page 35 can help check the situation.Step 4 Solving difficult language problems through reading
It’s important for language learners to learn important rules of grammar and use these rules to solve problems in reality.In the previous process of reading, the students must come across some difficult language obstacles, so it’s necessary for us to discuss and explain.This period of time belongs to students.They can ask any questions they come across in the process of learning.I’ll explain the questions and difficulties.The purpose of this is improving the students “questioning spirit” and dealing with the difficulties.Step 5 Consolidation Language is learnt by communicating.It is my job to create an atmosphere for students to use the language.Here I design 2 activities 1 Reading for comprehension I’ll ask 4 students to read each paragraph, and then do the exercise following the text.I think it’s a good way to review what they have learned.2 Discussion
During making discussion, the students will deepen their understanding of the main idea of the passage.a.Why Monkees can be successful? Give reasons.b.What’s the most important thing for a successful band? Why? Step 6 Homework Ask the students to write down sth about their favorite singers, band or music and list the reasons.The assignment enables the students to search various information resources, which can widen their view and continue to inspire their enthusiasm of learning.Part 5 Blackboard design Unit 4 Music Passage The Band That Wasn’t Topic Sentences: 1.Many people want to be famous as singers or musician 2.Form a band 3.Began as a TV 4.They became even more famous than the Beatles Discussion: a.Why Monkees can be successful? Give reasons.b.What’s the most important thing for a successful band? Why? In my opinion, the blackboard design can reflect the teacher’s ability of mastering the text and leading the students to master the text easily.In this text, the design is not easy to write.I write the topic sentences on the blackboard, in order to tell the students that this is of the importance in this class.I want to make the design inductive, instructive and artistic.
第五篇:高中英語(yǔ)必修三第五單元課文檢測(cè)
課文單元檢測(cè)I.根據(jù)下列各句句意及所給單詞的首字母或漢語(yǔ)提示,寫出所缺單詞的正確形式。
1.Black _____(加拿大的)jazz pianist Oscar Peterson is one of the greatest pianists in jazz history.2.The British Foreign Secretary is the m_____ who looks after foreign affairs.3.Many Europeans explored the _____(大陸)of Africa in the 19th century.4.Could you give me a hand to carry my ______(行李)to the bedroom?
5.The _____(風(fēng)景)of the West Lake is beautiful beyond description.6.Two sailors did not see land until they had sailed _____(向西)for nearly two days.7.The plane is leaving in half an hour, so we’d better go a_____ now.8.Don’t leave matches or cigarettes on the table w_____ reach of little children.9.The m_____ leaf has become the most important symbol of Canada since the national flag was introduced in 1965.10.When I woke up this morning the ground was covered with _____(霜).11.Six people have _____(證實(shí))that they will attend the lecture but ten haven’t replied yet.12.The hotel, which is situated three miles north of d_____, is clean and cheap.13.As soon as the sun comes out, the _____(薄霧)will fade away.14.The fall of the Berlin Wall marked the _____(黎明)of a new era in European history.15.The farmer was so careless that he _____(混合)up the two kinds of vegetable seeds.16.A(n)_____(自助餐)will be served in three styles.You may choose western food, Chinese food or Muslim food as you like.2.課文縮寫
Li Daiyu and her cousin Liu Qian were ____ ____ _____with their baggage to Canada to visit their cousins on the Atlantic coast.______ ______ take the aeroplane all the way, they took the train from west to east across Canada.The _____ that they could cross the whole continent was exciting.Canada is _____ ____ ____ country in the world.People say Vancouver(溫哥華)is Canada’s ______ ______city surrounded by mountains and the Pacific Ocean._____ over 90 metres.That afternoon aboard the train, the cousins ____down in their seats.They managed to ____ ______ _____ some mountain goats and even a grizzly bear(灰熊)(牧童)Stampede(大西部賽馬會(huì)).Many cowboys ____ ___ ____ ____ ____wild horses.They also learned that most Canadians live within a few hundred kilometres of the USA border and the population is only _____over thirty million.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1.A second grade wind makes the tips of the branches tremble _____(slight).2.My brother spends hours on the phone _____(chat)to his friends.3.A great number of _____(eagle)winged their way across the valley.4.At present the local government is taking _____(measure)to reduce the pollution.5.The pianist _____(surround)by a crowd of fans will hold a concert in the Worker’s Stadium.6.If you add too much liquid, the _____(mix)will not be thick enough.7.It became fashionable for _____(wealth)families to send their teenage children to foreign countries.8.A straight line is the shortest _____(distant)between two points.9.It is an old _____(traditional)for Chinese people to get together and eat dumplings on the eve of the Spring Festival.10.Mr.Smith was _____(please)that his father was being taken care of in the Home of the Aged.11.What _____(impress)me most after visiting the school was that the students were polite and intelligent.4.選用方框內(nèi)合適的短語(yǔ),并用其適當(dāng)形式填空。
rather than, catch sight of, settle down, have a gift for, all the way, take a trip
1.I would like to _____ to Tibet by the end of this year.2.The train is so crowded that I am keeping standing _____.3.These are political _____ social matters.4.After John came back from abroad, he decided to _____ in his hometown.5.My little brother _____ singing songs.He has a golden voice.6.The best time to _____ those birds is the early morning.