第一篇：新起點(diǎn)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜合教程第三冊(cè)第一單元教案

Unit one 【教學(xué)目標(biāo)】

知識(shí)目標(biāo)：

1.能說(shuō)出并拼寫(xiě)常見(jiàn)樂(lè)器名稱，如piano, violin, organ, accordion, cello, harp, saxophone等。

2.理解課文A 和B的文章大意，了解人們對(duì)音樂(lè)夢(mèng)想的追求。3.掌握并運(yùn)用課文A和B中的有用詞匯、短語(yǔ)和句型。

4.了解從屬分句的類型，合理使用從屬連詞、關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。5.了解段落主題句的作用，學(xué)會(huì)使用主題句。6.了解古琴的歷史地位與特點(diǎn)。

技能目標(biāo)：

1.能用英語(yǔ)說(shuō)出個(gè)人愛(ài)好。

2.能根據(jù)錄音材料完成有關(guān)信息的聽(tīng)力任務(wù)。

情感目標(biāo)：

1.學(xué)唱英語(yǔ)歌曲，感受音樂(lè)魅力。

【教學(xué)任務(wù)】

Unit 1 Section A The Violin 【教學(xué)流程】

Step 1 Warm-up T: Good morning!

Ss: Good morning!

T: How are you today? Ss: Fine, thank you.T: What are you going to do this weekend? Ss:…

T: How we are expecting this weekend!You have so many hobbies.Now look at the picture on the blackboard.How many words do you know about instruments? A student from each group comes here to write them out.Let’s see who knows the most words about hobby.Step 2 Lead-in

T: Now please look at the pictures in A.Do you know what they are? A: Look and say

(For each picture, the teacher may ask more questions to add more information and attract Ss’ attention.Make sure that Ss know the meanings of the new words: piano, violin, organ, accordion, cello, harp, saxophone.)Intention: The pictures can give Ss a deeper impression while learning the new words.T: Let’s have a game.Activity: A guessing game

One of the Ss comes to the front of the classroom.T shows the student some cards with words of activities on them.The student does the gestures of different activities, and each group watches carefully and guesses what he/she is playinging.The group who guesses the most words out will win.Intention: The guessing game helps to arouse Ss’ interest and creates a relaxing atmosphere at the beginning of the lesson.Step 3 Language Points

Step 4 Text Structure Analysis

[作業(yè)布置] 1.Read and copy the new words on P 6.2.Finish Ex.II on P 8-11 of the book.3.Preview listening.【課后反思】

第二篇：新世紀(jì)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜合教程第三冊(cè) textB 全文翻譯

第一單元

二十年之后 歐·亨利

將近夜里十點(diǎn)，巡邏警察來(lái)到這條街上，樣子威嚴(yán)，不時(shí)地看看街道兩邊的店鋪，警惕的目光落在店鋪的大門(mén)和櫥窗上。身材魁梧的他，儼然一副和平衛(wèi)士的模樣。

在一個(gè)街區(qū)走到一半時(shí)，他突然放慢了步伐。只見(jiàn)一個(gè)光線黯淡的五金店門(mén)口，站著一個(gè)人，嘴里叼著沒(méi)有點(diǎn)燃的雪茄。他走了過(guò)去，那人趕緊開(kāi)腔：

“沒(méi)事兒，警官，”他說(shuō)道?！拔抑皇窃诘葌€(gè)朋友。這可是二十年前的約定。聽(tīng)起來(lái)有點(diǎn)好笑吧？我跟你說(shuō)，二十年前這里曾經(jīng)是個(gè)飯店?！?/p>

“五年前才拆的?！本煺f(shuō)道。

門(mén)口那人劃了根火柴，點(diǎn)燃了雪茄。火光中可見(jiàn)一張蒼白的臉，方下巴，目光敏銳，右邊眉毛附近有一道白色的細(xì)小傷疤。

“二十年前的今晚，”那人說(shuō)，“我和我最好的朋友吉米· 韋爾斯就在這里吃的飯。他可是個(gè)再好不過(guò)的家伙了。我倆在紐約這兒一起長(zhǎng)大，好得像兄弟倆，那年我十八，他二

十。第二天早上我就要?jiǎng)由砣ノ鞑堪l(fā)財(cái)。唉，要想讓吉米離開(kāi)紐約可是比登天還難哪！在他眼里人世間就只有紐約這么一個(gè)地方。不過(guò)我倆那天晚上約定，二十年后的今日此刻，無(wú)論各自的境況如何，無(wú)論各自遠(yuǎn)在何方，都要在這里相

聚。我們當(dāng)時(shí)認(rèn)為，二十年后，不管各自做什么，有什么樣的命運(yùn)，發(fā)多大的財(cái)，一切都該成了定局。” “聽(tīng)起來(lái)還真有意思，”警察說(shuō)道。“那你離開(kāi)后就再?zèng)]有你朋友吉米的消息了？”

“不，我們通過(guò)一陣子信，”那人答道，“可一兩年后就斷了音信。要知道，西部幅員遼闊，荒蠻原始，我又一直四處奔波，東跑西顛。不過(guò)，我確信，吉米只要活著，他會(huì)來(lái)見(jiàn)我的。他是這世界上最信得過(guò)的人。他絕對(duì)不會(huì)忘記。我千里迢迢來(lái)到這兒就是為了今晚站在這門(mén)口，只要我那老伙計(jì)露面，我也就不虛此行了。他是不會(huì)食言的?！?那守候的人掏出一只精致的懷表，表蓋上綴滿了小粒鉆石。

“九點(diǎn)五十七分，”他說(shuō)道，“我們是十點(diǎn)整在飯店門(mén)口的這個(gè)地方揮手告別的?！?“在西部混得不錯(cuò)吧？”警察問(wèn)道。

“那還用說(shuō)！吉米干得有我一半好就不錯(cuò)了?！?警察轉(zhuǎn)了轉(zhuǎn)警棍，邁出了一兩步?！拔易吡?，但愿你的朋友會(huì)按時(shí)赴約。”

“我至少會(huì)等他半個(gè)小時(shí)，”那人說(shuō)，“吉米要是還活著，他會(huì)在我走之前來(lái)的。再見(jiàn)，警官?！?“晚安，先生，”警察說(shuō)完，又繼續(xù)巡邏，邊走邊檢查店門(mén)。

這時(shí)，天下起了蒙蒙細(xì)雨，冷冰冰的，起風(fēng)了。為了履行和少時(shí)好友的約定，那個(gè)不遠(yuǎn)千里來(lái)到這里的人還站在五金店的門(mén)口，抽著雪茄。

約二十分鐘后，一個(gè)身著大衣、衣領(lǐng)立起的高個(gè)子男人從街對(duì)面匆匆走了過(guò)來(lái)，徑直走向那守候者?！磅U勃，是你嗎？”他狐疑地問(wèn)道?！澳闶羌住ろf爾斯？”門(mén)口那人高聲叫道。

“天哪！”新來(lái)者高興地大叫了起來(lái)，一把握住了那人的雙手?！笆酋U勃，真的是鮑勃！我就知道，只要你還活著，我就會(huì)在這里找到你。哎呀呀，二十年啊，時(shí)間可真不短！老兄，西部待你怎樣？”

“西部給了我想要的一切。你變了很多啊，吉米！沒(méi)想到你長(zhǎng)高了二三英寸呢?！?/p>

“哦，二十歲后我又長(zhǎng)了點(diǎn)個(gè)子。”

“在紐約混得不錯(cuò)吧，吉米？”

“馬馬虎虎。在市政部門(mén)做事。走吧，鮑勃，咱們到我熟悉的一個(gè)地方去，好好地?cái)⑴f吧?！?兩人手挽著手，沿街前行，西部來(lái)的這位開(kāi)始講他的發(fā)跡史，另一位饒有興致地聽(tīng)著。拐角處有一家藥店，燈光明亮。來(lái)到通明的光線里，兩人同時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)身盯住對(duì)方的臉。西部來(lái)的人突然停下來(lái)，抽出手臂。

“你不是吉米·韋爾斯！”他突然喊道，“二十年時(shí)間是很長(zhǎng)，但也不至于把鷹鉤鼻變成了塌鼻梁?！?/p>

“可是有時(shí)二十年會(huì)把一個(gè)好人變成惡棍，”高個(gè)子說(shuō)

道。“十分鐘前你就已經(jīng)被捕了。芝加哥方面認(rèn)為你可能到我們這里來(lái)了，他們要和你談?wù)?。還是老老實(shí)實(shí)地跟我們走吧，放聰明點(diǎn)！不過(guò)，我們?nèi)ゾ埃阆瓤纯催@張字

條，是一個(gè)人托我交給你的。你就在櫥窗邊上看吧?！?/p>

西部來(lái)的人展開(kāi)小字條。開(kāi)始讀的時(shí)候手握得很穩(wěn)，可讀完時(shí)，手微微地抖動(dòng)了起來(lái)。字條很短： “鮑勃：我準(zhǔn)時(shí)赴約了。當(dāng)你劃亮火柴點(diǎn)燃雪茄時(shí)，我發(fā)現(xiàn)你正是受到芝加哥警方通緝的人?？晌易约簾o(wú)論如何動(dòng)不了手，所以就走開(kāi)，找了個(gè)便衣行使職責(zé)。吉米?！?/p>

第二單元

牽

手

丈夫保羅的手舒服有力：暖暖的，從來(lái)不會(huì)發(fā)涼潮濕，輕輕的一握總是令我感到安心踏實(shí)。在他生命最后的那些日子里，每次他摸到我的手，都會(huì)把我的一只手放在他的兩手之間握著。

也就是在那段時(shí)間里，我坐在他的床邊，竭力記住他雙手的樣子。他的手比我的手要長(zhǎng)一倍，寬一半；手指上下一般粗，方方長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的，毛細(xì)血管一直延伸到指尖。方正的指甲使得指尖也呈正方形，指甲一圈白色的邊清晰可見(jiàn)。他總是悉心地讓雙手潔凈無(wú)暇。它們既不粗糙，也不柔軟多肉。那是雙持粉筆和紅墨水鋼筆的大學(xué)教授的手。

不知道他的學(xué)生是否覺(jué)得他的字難以辨認(rèn)。我們分開(kāi)的那年我漸漸熟悉了他的字體。我倆訂婚后曾分隔兩地，因?yàn)樗骄嚯x賓夕法尼亞州（我們的家）800英里的布拉德利大學(xué)攻讀碩士學(xué)位。

不知我是否記得告訴過(guò)他我覺(jué)得他那雙大手很美。不知我是否告訴過(guò)他，結(jié)婚前他定期到我家做客吃飯時(shí)，他使用銀制餐具和咖啡杯的斯文樣子，令我母親十分欣賞，銀具和杯盞在他手里幾乎都沒(méi)了蹤影。也不知我是否告訴過(guò)他，在看電影時(shí)，在教堂悲傷時(shí)，在那張最后四年病魔困得他脫不了身的病榻上，他緊緊的一握令我至真至切地感受到了他的愛(ài)。

他對(duì)孩子們的關(guān)愛(ài)之情也源于他的那雙手。大女兒的第一個(gè)澡就是他給洗的，這讓他倍感驕傲。7磅14盎司的女兒舒舒服服地躺在他那雙大手里，長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的手指靈巧細(xì)致地給大女兒和后來(lái)的5個(gè)孩子洗浴。

在我們?cè)缙谄D難的日子里，那雙手給三個(gè)正在長(zhǎng)大的兒子理發(fā)，給三個(gè)浴后的女兒擦干頭發(fā)。

多少次要去賓夕法尼亞探望孩子的祖父母，在旅行大巴車頂上他那雙手把一個(gè)個(gè)旅行箱往貨架上放，他汗流浹背，但毫無(wú)怨言。在他早年曾就讀過(guò)的大學(xué)里，他教授市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷專業(yè)的學(xué)生，用這雙手在空中比劃出一個(gè)個(gè)營(yíng)銷模式。

在他病得最令人膽顫心驚的時(shí)候，那雙手緊緊地攥著我的手。在他經(jīng)受7個(gè)月的化療及其副作用的痛苦折磨期間，他向我伸出雙手。在他生命的最后幾個(gè)星期里，他向我伸出雙手。孩子們來(lái)探視他，看出他們75歲的父親命不久矣而提前禱告哀悼時(shí)，他還是向我伸出雙手。

在那最為黑暗的時(shí)刻，他攥著我的手，在我耳邊小聲說(shuō)道：“不知道······會(huì)是怎樣死去。不知道會(huì)不會(huì)疼痛?！蔽耶?dāng)時(shí)唯一能告訴他的就是我深信他此生將有個(gè)圓滿的結(jié)局：他會(huì)被簇?fù)碇?，在上帝的榮光中感到無(wú)比歡愉。

最后，他再也沒(méi)有力氣握住我的手了。清晨，我給保羅喂早餐，他再也不能下咽了。我在緊張焦慮中修剪、打磨他的指甲，把指甲白色的邊緣弄干凈。我把他的手放到他的胸前（他的手放在那兒一動(dòng)不動(dòng)已經(jīng)好幾天了），它們沒(méi)有動(dòng)靜，沒(méi)有認(rèn)可，沒(méi)有反應(yīng)。一個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)間里，護(hù)士用聽(tīng)診器做了檢查，剩下我唯一能做的事就是合上他那雙明亮的綠色眼睛，在我們臥室恬靜的一隅里最后一次把我的手放在他的手上。

幾個(gè)月后的一個(gè)周日，我打開(kāi)保羅衣櫥最上面的一個(gè)抽屜，取他折疊整齊的干凈的手帕（我現(xiàn)在喜歡用那些手帕）時(shí)，我觸摸到了一個(gè)開(kāi)了封的指甲砂銼袋。

7個(gè)半月里，對(duì)丈夫逝去的悲傷如同冰凌雪塊封存在心

中，不曾融化?？稍诙碌淖詈笠粋€(gè)周日，目睹面前的指甲銼具，我無(wú)法克制自己了。我閉上眼睛，怎么也回憶不起保羅的雙手握著我的手時(shí)的感覺(jué)，淚水奪眶而出。

那之后沒(méi)過(guò)多少日子，斯蒂芬來(lái)看我，他是我們的最小的兒子，長(zhǎng)得也最像他的父親。臨走的時(shí)候，斯蒂芬吻了吻我，和我道別；然后，把我的手一把攥在他那雙又大又寬的手中。好一陣子，我說(shuō)不出話來(lái)，仿佛他父親那雙長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的、雅致的手再次握住了我的手，令我依然感到安心平靜。

第三單元

物質(zhì)財(cái)富與幸福生活

物質(zhì)財(cái)富未必會(huì)帶給你幸福。這是一個(gè)無(wú)可爭(zhēng)辯的生活現(xiàn)實(shí)，但有時(shí)這一事實(shí)卻難以理解，尤其在這個(gè)竭力向你灌輸相反觀念的社會(huì)里。

通常，你會(huì)陷入這樣一種思維模式：“要是我擁有了X，我的生活就會(huì)完美無(wú)缺，幸福無(wú)比了?！蹦惴浅Ｏ胍臇|西可能是一臺(tái)新電視機(jī)、一輛新車或者是一雙特別的鞋子等

等。爾后，你就購(gòu)買了，幾天都在因?yàn)榈玫搅怂沧套?的。可是，過(guò)了段時(shí)間，你感到厭煩了，或者東西給用舊

了。你會(huì)發(fā)覺(jué)這樣一個(gè)模式在你自己的生活中不斷地重復(fù)。比如在你小時(shí)候，你父母或祖父母可能花費(fèi)了成千上萬(wàn)美元給你買玩具：自卸貨車、芭比娃娃、電視游戲、電動(dòng)汽車，等等等等。所有的那些玩具最終都會(huì)遭你厭倦、被你玩壞或因你長(zhǎng)大而被擱置一邊。它們帶來(lái)了一陣子或者一星期的快樂(lè)，可時(shí)間一長(zhǎng)，它們變得一文不值，你的興趣轉(zhuǎn)向了某個(gè)新玩意兒。這樣一種模式自然讓人們提出以下的問(wèn)題：“假如物質(zhì)的東西帶來(lái)的幸福只是曇花一現(xiàn)，那么這一切又意味著什么

呢？”或許這就意味著，你得以一天一件的速度購(gòu)置物品，才能維持住你因得到新東西而感受到的那種短暫的快感。循著這個(gè)思路，你可以接著考慮下面的這些問(wèn)題： ●什么是幸福？ ●感到幸福意味著什么？ ●我這一生想做些什么？

物質(zhì)上的幸福和精神上的幸福是不同的。物質(zhì)上的幸福基于生活所需一切必需品和奢侈品；精神上的幸福則基于生活必需品和奢侈品之外一切東西。我的一個(gè)朋友持有這樣一個(gè)哲學(xué)觀： 你無(wú)論賺多少錢(qián)，你都想要更多的錢(qián)。假如你一年掙

25,000美元，你會(huì)認(rèn)為要是掙到50,000美元，你就會(huì)感到幸福了。于是，你就開(kāi)始掙50,000美元。等掙夠了那個(gè)數(shù)目，你又會(huì)想，假如掙到100,000美元你就會(huì)感到幸福了，就這樣周而復(fù)始，終其一生。無(wú)論你一年掙25,000美元還是

10,000,000美元，情況都是一樣。因?yàn)槟阗嵉迷蕉?，你的品味就越昂貴。依我看，不妨學(xué)會(huì)一年掙得25,000美元就感到滿足，想出一個(gè)輕輕松松把它們賺到手的辦法，然后用余下的時(shí)間去做你想做的事情。根據(jù)這個(gè)哲學(xué)觀，要想令你的生活富有意義，你可以尋找除物質(zhì)幸福以外的東西。

衡量“財(cái)富”這東西，辦法不止一種。傳統(tǒng)上它是用金錢(qián)來(lái)衡量，但是還有很多其他的度量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。在與金錢(qián)沒(méi)有絲毫關(guān)系的方面，你照樣可以“腰纏萬(wàn)貫”。例如：

●富有眾多的朋友。一個(gè)與人為友、樂(lè)觀待人的人可以擁有數(shù)以百計(jì)的好友，可以超乎其他人想象得富裕。

●富有健康的體魄。一個(gè)愿意花時(shí)間合理進(jìn)食、鍛煉身體、消除壓力的人可以身強(qiáng)體健。健康的體魄比起任何數(shù)目的金錢(qián)都要有價(jià)值得多。

●富有充沛的精力。一個(gè)每天舉啞鈴、跑步、游泳的人能夠精力充沛，身材迷人。

●富有和睦的家庭。一個(gè)愿意把時(shí)間給配偶和孩子的人可以擁有一個(gè)穩(wěn)定幸福的家庭，令他獲益終身。●富有知識(shí)。一個(gè)愛(ài)好閱讀和鉆研的人可以學(xué)富五車。

●富有技能。一個(gè)每天勤學(xué)苦練（某種技能、運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目等 等）的人會(huì)在所操練的領(lǐng)域出類拔萃。出類拔萃，自有回 報(bào)?！窀挥腥烁聍攘?。一個(gè)在一切場(chǎng)合殫精竭慮地做到真實(shí)、坦誠(chéng)的人會(huì)富有人格的魅力，受到眾人的信任。有趣的是，上述源自不同領(lǐng)域的這些財(cái)富都用不著上

稅。可你掙了錢(qián)是要繳納所得稅的，就是這么回事。沒(méi)有什么（比如說(shuō)）知識(shí)稅。你可以分文不花地終身學(xué)習(xí)，獲得豐厚才識(shí)的儲(chǔ)備。沒(méi)有人可以將其盜走、令其減少。知識(shí)很有可能就是那件你能夠帶入天堂的東西。

雖然所有這些可選擇的財(cái)富都有別于金錢(qián)，但都能夠以各自獨(dú)特的方式令人受惠。撇開(kāi)電視給你提供信息不說(shuō)，單就購(gòu)買東西這一行為本身是不會(huì)給你帶來(lái)人生最大的幸福。好朋友，愛(ài)你的配偶，健康成長(zhǎng)的孩子，充滿愛(ài)的家，無(wú)愧的良心，值得奮斗的目標(biāo)，你真心喜愛(ài)的工作，所有這些給你帶來(lái)的滿足感天長(zhǎng)地久，意味深長(zhǎng)。頭腦簡(jiǎn)單的青少年通常是不能領(lǐng)悟到的，但這些東西隨著年輕人逐漸成熟會(huì)變得愈加重要。

當(dāng)你環(huán)顧周圍的世界，明白什么對(duì)你才是至關(guān)重要的時(shí)候，你要將其銘記在心?？紤]清楚你究竟心儀什么，什么才會(huì)給你真正幸福。審視一下你的發(fā)現(xiàn)。一番清楚的思考之

后，你會(huì)吃驚于自己的發(fā)現(xiàn)：金錢(qián)固然極其重要，因你需要它活命；但金錢(qián)不是你唯一需要的東西。對(duì)于多數(shù)人來(lái)說(shuō)，金錢(qián)本身不會(huì)帶來(lái)恒久的幸福。人不是只靠面包生活的。

第四單元 低語(yǔ)艾滋

差不多三個(gè)多月前，在鹽湖城召開(kāi)的政黨綱領(lǐng)聽(tīng)證會(huì)

上，我曾向共和黨提出了請(qǐng)求，請(qǐng)求打破長(zhǎng)期對(duì)艾滋病病毒和艾滋病問(wèn)題保持的沉默。今晚，我來(lái)到這兒，要給這樣的沉默作個(gè)了斷。

我?guī)?lái)的是挑戰(zhàn)的信息，而不是自鳴得意的信息。我需要的是大家的關(guān)注，而不需要大家的掌聲。我從來(lái)也沒(méi)有主動(dòng)要求做一個(gè)艾滋病病毒的攜帶者。但是我相信，凡事都有好的一面。于是，我就站在眾人的面前，站在國(guó)人的面前，心甘情愿。艾滋病存在的現(xiàn)實(shí)殘酷地?cái)[在世人的面前。有20萬(wàn)美國(guó)人有的已經(jīng)命喪黃泉，有的命懸一線；還有100萬(wàn)人已經(jīng)染上了艾滋病。在世界范圍內(nèi)，在未來(lái)的幾年里，將會(huì)出現(xiàn)4千萬(wàn)、6千萬(wàn)、乃至1萬(wàn)萬(wàn)個(gè)艾滋病感染的病例。

在這個(gè)選舉年里，無(wú)論您此刻是在這寬敞的會(huì)議廳，還是在安靜的家里，我都要請(qǐng)您明白：艾滋病病毒不是政治產(chǎn)物。它并不介意您是民主黨人還是共和黨人；它并不過(guò)問(wèn)您是黑人還是白人，是男人還是女人，是同性戀還是異性戀，是青年人還是老年人。

今晚，我代表的是一個(gè)罹患艾滋病的社群。這個(gè)社群的成員來(lái)自美國(guó)社會(huì)的各個(gè)階層，但都不是志愿加入的。盡管我是個(gè)白人，是個(gè)母親，但我和一個(gè)正在費(fèi)城醫(yī)院和試管搏斗的黑皮膚的嬰兒命運(yùn)相連。盡管我是個(gè)女性，結(jié)婚時(shí)染上了艾滋病，同時(shí)也享受著家人溫馨的支持，但我和一個(gè)孤獨(dú)的同性戀男人命運(yùn)相連；他正在家人厭棄的寒風(fēng)下呵護(hù)著搖曳的生命燭火。艾滋病的威脅并非遙不可及，相反，它的危險(xiǎn)近在咫

尺。婦孺的染疾率正以最快的速度上升。艾滋病十年前還鮮為人知，可如今已是奪取美國(guó)年輕人生命的第三大元兇——不過(guò)，它屈居第三的位置也將不會(huì)為時(shí)多久。因?yàn)橛袆e于其他疾病的是，艾滋病四處游蕩。青少年不會(huì)因?yàn)樽哉J(rèn)為相愛(ài)而相互傳染癌癥或者心臟病?？砂滩〔《緟s是另外一回事兒。無(wú)知、偏見(jiàn)和緘默使得我們助紂為虐，相互殘殺。

我們或許會(huì)固守成見(jiàn)，但成見(jiàn)不能長(zhǎng)久保護(hù)我們。因?yàn)榘滩〔《景l(fā)起進(jìn)攻時(shí)只會(huì)問(wèn)：你們是人嗎？問(wèn)得好！你們是人嗎？因?yàn)榘滩〔《镜臄y帶者并非變成了某種怪異的生物體，他們是人。他們并沒(méi)有犯下遭此殘酷待遇的罪行，不應(yīng)該受到刻薄的對(duì)待。他們?cè)诒还铝ⅰ⒈贿z棄當(dāng)中沒(méi)有獲

益。他們每個(gè)人都是一名個(gè)體，他們不是禍害，不應(yīng)該受到審判；他們不是受害者，不渴望大家的憐憫。他們是需要支持、值得同情的人。

我向國(guó)人發(fā)出的是“覺(jué)悟起來(lái)”的訴求。如果你們相信自己是安全的，那你們已身處危境了。當(dāng)初不是因?yàn)槲也皇茄巡』级鴽](méi)有危險(xiǎn)，不是因我不是同性戀而沒(méi)有危險(xiǎn)，不是因我不吸毒而沒(méi)有危險(xiǎn)。

今晚，艾滋病病毒在一百多萬(wàn)美國(guó)家庭里正穩(wěn)步地向艾滋病邁進(jìn)，沿途丟棄的盡是年輕的尸骨——年輕的男人、年輕的女人，年輕的父母和年幼的孩童。在這些眾多的家庭中就有我的家庭。如果艾滋病病毒果真不可避免地令我患上艾滋病，那么我的孩子將不可避免地成為孤兒。

我的家人一直給予我磐石般的支持。我84歲的父親一直致力于上帝“醫(yī)治萬(wàn)民”的事業(yè)，他不愿意接受自己無(wú)力醫(yī)治女兒創(chuàng)傷的假定。我母親拒絕放棄希望，午夜時(shí)分，她仍打來(lái)電話講些令我捧腹的精彩笑話。姐妹、朋友、我的兄弟菲利普（今天是他的生日），他們都幫助我穿越了最艱難的地帶。擁有這樣一個(gè)家庭，我是幸福的，深深的、無(wú)比的幸

福。

但是，你們大家并非都如我這般幸福。你們是艾滋病病毒的攜帶者，但卻沒(méi)有勇氣說(shuō)出來(lái)；你們失去了心愛(ài)的人，但卻沒(méi)有勇氣輕聲說(shuō)出“艾滋病”這個(gè)詞。你們悄悄啜泣，獨(dú)自悲傷。

我要告訴你們的是：應(yīng)該感到羞愧的不是你們，而是我們大家！是我們?nèi)萑虩o(wú)知、抱有偏見(jiàn)！是我們教會(huì)你們害 怕！我們必須打破沉默，讓你們?cè)跔?zhēng)取同情時(shí)感到心安理

得。我們有義務(wù)給孩子們尋求安全，但不是通過(guò)默默的排斥而應(yīng)是積極的行動(dòng)。

對(duì)那些哀傷著恐懼著罹患了艾滋病的數(shù)以百萬(wàn)計(jì)的人們，我想說(shuō)：鼓起勇氣，才能獲得支援！對(duì)數(shù)以百萬(wàn)計(jì)的健康人，我懇求你們放下偏見(jiàn)和政見(jiàn)，施以憐憫，制定明智的政策。

我要向所有的人高聲疾呼：和我一起汲取歷史教訓(xùn)吧，和我一起學(xué)習(xí)寬容吧。這樣，我的孩子在我離去時(shí)才會(huì)有膽量說(shuō)出“艾滋病”這個(gè)字眼兒，孩子的孩子以及你們的孩子也許就再也不必竊竊私語(yǔ)說(shuō)出“艾滋病”這個(gè)字眼兒了。

第五單元

二十一世紀(jì)教育的四個(gè)支柱

面對(duì)未來(lái)的種種挑戰(zhàn)，教育看來(lái)是使人類朝著和平、自由和社會(huì)正義邁進(jìn)的一筆不可或缺的財(cái)富。

在二十一世紀(jì)，教育的作用必須立足于人類對(duì)更美好世界的向往。為此，我們必須正視二十一世紀(jì)面臨的一些問(wèn) 題，并予以解決。這些問(wèn)題是：

●全球與局域之間的緊張關(guān)系：各國(guó)人民在不失其根本的同時(shí)，需逐漸成為世界公民。●傳統(tǒng)和現(xiàn)代之間的緊張關(guān)系，這和“如何適應(yīng)變革又不漠視過(guò)去”屬于同一個(gè)問(wèn)題。

●長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)考慮和短期考慮之間的緊張關(guān)系。輿論總是迫切需要迅速得到問(wèn)題的答案和現(xiàn)成的解決辦法，而許多問(wèn)題卻需要從長(zhǎng)計(jì)議，耐心協(xié)調(diào)，策略變通方能解決。教育政策正屬于這種情況。

●人類一方面需要競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，另一方面也關(guān)注機(jī)會(huì)的均等，這兩者之間也存在著緊張關(guān)系。這促使我們把三個(gè)因素協(xié)調(diào)起

來(lái)：具有激勵(lì)作用的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力、產(chǎn)生活力的合作精神以及具有凝聚力的團(tuán)結(jié)精神。

●精神和物質(zhì)之間的緊張關(guān)系。在不違背每個(gè)人的傳統(tǒng)和信仰的基礎(chǔ)上，激勵(lì)他們升華自己的思想和精神境界，這是教育的崇高使命。

站在這個(gè)立場(chǎng)上，我們建議，人類需要更加重視作為教育基礎(chǔ)的四個(gè)支柱之一：學(xué)會(huì)共同生活。教育的使命之一是讓學(xué)生認(rèn)識(shí)人類的多樣性，同時(shí)還要讓他們意識(shí)到所有人之間的相似性和相互依存性。從幼兒開(kāi)始，學(xué)校就應(yīng)該抓住各種機(jī)會(huì)進(jìn)行這一雙重教育。有些學(xué)科適合進(jìn)行這種教育，例如，在基礎(chǔ)教育階段開(kāi)設(shè)人文地理，晚些時(shí)候開(kāi)設(shè)外語(yǔ)和外國(guó)文學(xué)。為了學(xué)會(huì)共同生活，我們可以多了解他人、了解他人的歷史、傳統(tǒng)和精神價(jià)值，在此基礎(chǔ)上創(chuàng)造一種新的精

神，這種精神會(huì)激勵(lì)人們參與共同的項(xiàng)目或者用明智、和平的方式化解不可避免的沖突。

同時(shí)，我們也不應(yīng)該忽視教育的另外三個(gè)支柱，它們可以說(shuō)是學(xué)會(huì)共同生活的基本要素。第一是學(xué)會(huì)認(rèn)知。隨著科學(xué)進(jìn)步所帶來(lái)的迅速變革，人類必須重視以下兩個(gè)方面的結(jié)合：一是相當(dāng)廣泛的普通教育；二是就少量精選的學(xué)科進(jìn)行深入研究的可能性。

因此，學(xué)會(huì)認(rèn)知就意味著學(xué)會(huì)如何學(xué)習(xí)。由于知識(shí)涉及到方方面面，試圖想什么都知道，這愈來(lái)愈做不到。事實(shí)

上，在基礎(chǔ)教育階段之后，想成為多門(mén)學(xué)科的專家就成了不切實(shí)際的幻想。今天，一個(gè)真正受到良好教育的人需要接受廣泛的通識(shí)教育，同時(shí)有機(jī)會(huì)深入地研究少量的學(xué)科。通識(shí)教育使學(xué)生有機(jī)會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)其他語(yǔ)言、熟悉其他學(xué)科，首先而且尤為重要的是，通識(shí)教育提供了與他人交流的手段。這種通識(shí)教育可以說(shuō)是接受終身教育的通行證，因?yàn)樗谷藢?duì)終身學(xué)習(xí)產(chǎn)生了興趣并為其奠定了基礎(chǔ)。

另外一個(gè)支柱是學(xué)會(huì)做事。這和職業(yè)培訓(xùn)密不可分：我們?nèi)绾问菇逃臀磥?lái)相適應(yīng)、使人們有能力做好未來(lái)所需要的工作？這里我們應(yīng)該將以雇傭勞動(dòng)為主的工業(yè)化經(jīng)濟(jì)同以個(gè)體經(jīng)營(yíng)或臨時(shí)工為主的其他類型的經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)別開(kāi)來(lái)。工業(yè)化經(jīng)濟(jì)的未來(lái)取決于它們能否把知識(shí)的進(jìn)步轉(zhuǎn)化為革新，從而開(kāi)創(chuàng)新企業(yè)、創(chuàng)造新的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。除了學(xué)習(xí)從事一種職業(yè)

外，學(xué)會(huì)做事也指獲得一種能力，這種能力使一個(gè)人能夠應(yīng)付各種各樣的情況，而且能夠參與集體勞動(dòng)。如果在校的中小學(xué)生和大學(xué)生都有機(jī)會(huì)參加一些以獲取工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)為目標(biāo)的培訓(xùn)活動(dòng)或社會(huì)福利工作，以此來(lái)實(shí)踐和鍛煉自己的能力，以上所說(shuō)的能力和技能在許多情況下是比較容易獲得的

最后但同樣重要的是第四個(gè)支柱：學(xué)會(huì)生存。在二十一世紀(jì)，人人都需要發(fā)揮更強(qiáng)的自主能力和判斷能力；每個(gè)人都要對(duì)共同目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)懷有更強(qiáng)烈的責(zé)任感。教育應(yīng)當(dāng)促進(jìn)每個(gè)人的全面發(fā)展，即身心、智力、敏銳性、審美情趣以及精神的升華等方面的發(fā)展。每個(gè)人在青少年時(shí)代接受的教育應(yīng)該使他們形成一種獨(dú)立自主的、富有批判精神的思維方式和判斷力。只有這樣，他們才能夠在人生不同的情況下自己確定最應(yīng)該做的事情。蘊(yùn)藏在每個(gè)人身上的像寶藏一樣的才能都必須發(fā)揮出來(lái)，例如記憶力、推理能力、想象力、體

能、審美意識(shí)、與他人交流的能力以及領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者天生的領(lǐng)袖魅力。這再次證明一個(gè)人需要對(duì)自己有更深入的了解。

我們要在二十一世紀(jì)建立以獲取、更新和利用知識(shí)為基礎(chǔ)的教育社會(huì)。由于“信息社會(huì)”不斷發(fā)展，人們接觸數(shù)據(jù)和事實(shí)的機(jī)會(huì)大增，教育應(yīng)該使每個(gè)人都能收集種種信息，并能篩選、整理、管理和使用這些信息。

面對(duì)這種對(duì)教育越來(lái)越多、越來(lái)越高的要求，怎樣才能使教育政策實(shí)現(xiàn)既提高教育質(zhì)量又體現(xiàn)教育公正這兩個(gè)目標(biāo)呢？這是我們應(yīng)該解決的問(wèn)題，其中涉及課程設(shè)置、教學(xué)方法和內(nèi)容、以及提高教學(xué)效果應(yīng)必備的條件。

教育的這四個(gè)支柱不能只涉及一個(gè)人一生中的某個(gè)階段或單純某個(gè)方面。我們有必要重新思考：人的一生什么時(shí)候應(yīng)該獲得教育？所受的教育應(yīng)該覆蓋哪些領(lǐng)域？教育的各個(gè)階段和領(lǐng)域應(yīng)該相互補(bǔ)充，相互關(guān)聯(lián)，從而使每個(gè)人在一生中都能夠充分利用自己擁有的獨(dú)特的教育環(huán)境。第六單元 里奇拜見(jiàn)我媽

一番深思熟慮之后，我想出了一個(gè)妙計(jì)，設(shè)法讓里奇與我母親見(jiàn)面，贏得她的好感。實(shí)際上，我巧加安排，讓我媽特意為里奇做一餐飯。這回我得到了素云阿姨的一臂之力，她是我母親的老朋友了。

終于，一天母親打來(lái)電話，邀請(qǐng)我參加為父親推遲舉行的生日晚宴。我的弟弟文森特要帶上女朋友林莉薩，那么我也可以帶一個(gè)朋友。

母親這樣做，不出我的意料。因?yàn)榕腼兪悄赣H表達(dá)她的愛(ài)、她的驕傲、她的權(quán)威和證明她的學(xué)識(shí)勝過(guò)素云阿姨的一種方式?！帮埡笠欢ㄒ嬖V媽，她做的菜是你吃過(guò)的最好 的，比素云阿姨做的好吃多了?！蔽腋锲嬲f(shuō)，“聽(tīng)我的沒(méi)錯(cuò)兒?！?/p>

生日宴會(huì)的那天晚上，我坐在廚房里看媽媽做菜，等著找機(jī)會(huì)告訴她我們的結(jié)婚計(jì)劃，告訴她我們決定明年7月份（也就是7個(gè)月后）結(jié)婚。她一邊把茄子切成小塊，一邊叨叨著素云阿姨：“她看著食譜才會(huì)做菜，而我對(duì)做菜的竅門(mén)可是了如指掌。聞聞就知道該用什么獨(dú)家配料！”她飛快地切著薄片，我生怕她的指尖也成了紅燒肉末茄子的配料。我希望她能主動(dòng)提到里奇。我注意到了她開(kāi)門(mén)時(shí)的表

情。她擠出一絲笑容，把里奇從頭到腳打量了個(gè)遍，心里一邊在作比照，看從素云阿姨那聽(tīng)來(lái)的看法是否與自己所見(jiàn)相符。我努力設(shè)想她會(huì)做出什么樣的批評(píng)。

里奇不僅不是華人，還比我小幾歲。而且不幸的是，他一頭紅色的卷發(fā)，光滑蒼白的皮膚，鼻子上布滿了橙色的雀斑，讓他比實(shí)際年紀(jì)更顯年輕。他個(gè)頭不高，長(zhǎng)得結(jié)結(jié)實(shí)

實(shí)。身著深色西裝，他看起來(lái)不錯(cuò)，但是不會(huì)令人難忘，就像是誰(shuí)家葬禮上某人的侄子那么不起眼。所以頭一年在公司里與他共事時(shí)我就沒(méi)注意到他。可母親卻把什么都看在了眼里。“那么你覺(jué)得里奇怎樣？”我終于問(wèn)道，屏息而待。

她把茄子倒進(jìn)熱油里翻炒，鍋里傳出一陣憤怒的嘶嘶作響的聲音?！澳樕夏敲炊喟唿c(diǎn)，”她說(shuō)道?！笆侨赴?，要知道，有雀斑命好。”我說(shuō)得有些過(guò)于激 動(dòng)，試圖把聲音提高，蓋過(guò)廚房里的噪音?！芭?？”她好像真的不知情似說(shuō)道。

“真的，斑點(diǎn)越多越好，誰(shuí)都知道這回事兒。”

她思忖了一會(huì)兒，笑了。用中文說(shuō)道：“好像是這么回事兒。你小時(shí)候長(zhǎng)水痘，長(zhǎng)了好多的痘痘，在家呆了10天，你當(dāng)時(shí)那個(gè)慶幸！”

在廚房里我拯救不了里奇，在飯桌上我也救不了他。

他帶了瓶法國(guó)葡萄酒，他不知道我父母不會(huì)欣賞那玩意兒，我父母連酒杯都沒(méi)有。后來(lái)他還犯了個(gè)錯(cuò)，大家都“只是為了嘗嘗”喝下半英寸酒杯高的酒量，可他不止喝一杯，而是喝了滿滿兩杯。

當(dāng)我給里奇叉子時(shí)，他堅(jiān)持使用滑不唧溜的象牙筷。夾起一大塊紅燒茄子時(shí)，筷子在他笨拙的手上并不攏。當(dāng)把茄子夾到他的碟子和大張著的嘴之間時(shí)，茄子竟然掉落在他嶄新的白色襯衣上。

后來(lái)，他又自顧自地大吃糖莢豌豆炒河蝦，殊不知他得等大家吃過(guò)一點(diǎn)才能夠禮貌地吃上一小勺。他謝絕吃新鮮青菜，那豆苗葉又嫩又昂貴，還沒(méi)結(jié)豆子那葉子就給摘了下來(lái)。

他以為拒絕吃第二口就算是有禮貌了，實(shí)際上，他應(yīng)該跟我爸爸學(xué)：架勢(shì)大，但吃量少，就這樣吃第二口、第三

口、甚至第四口，邊吃邊要一個(gè)勁兒地說(shuō)還是忍不住再吃上一口之類的話，然后就哼哼著說(shuō)自己肚子飽得要撐破了?？勺顬樵愀獾氖抢锲鏀?shù)落了我母親的做菜手藝，自己卻渾然不覺(jué)。按照中國(guó)做菜人的習(xí)慣，我母親老是說(shuō)自己做的菜不好吃。那天晚上，她將矛頭直指她那道著名的“梅菜扣肉”，她總是特別驕傲地端上這道菜?！鞍ィ〔粔蛳?，沒(méi)味道。”嘗了一小口后，她抱怨道?！疤y吃了?！?/p>

在我們家，這是暗示我們大家先吃一點(diǎn)，然后就宣稱這是她燒的最美味的一道菜?？墒俏覀冞€沒(méi)來(lái)得及這樣做，里奇就開(kāi)腔了：“沒(méi)錯(cuò)，就差點(diǎn)醬油。”而后，他就把那黑乎乎的咸?hào)|西在母親震驚的目光注視下往那大盤(pán)子菜上澆。

即使我一直希望在吃飯的整個(gè)過(guò)程中，母親會(huì)設(shè)法看出里奇的善良、幽默和青年男子特有的魅力，但此刻我知道在母親眼中他已一敗涂地。

里奇對(duì)晚上發(fā)生的事情明顯有不同的看法。當(dāng)晚我們回家時(shí)，想起他用力握我父母的手，就像他和緊張的新客戶握手時(shí)表現(xiàn)出的瀟灑隨意，我渾身還在發(fā)抖?！傲者_(dá)，蒂姆，”他當(dāng)時(shí)說(shuō)道，“我們不久會(huì)再來(lái)看望你們的，我保證?！蔽腋改傅拿址謩e叫琳朵（音譯）和鐘田（仿粵語(yǔ)音譯）。除了家里來(lái)往的幾個(gè)年長(zhǎng)的朋友外，誰(shuí)也不會(huì)直呼他們的名字。

“你告訴她了，她怎么說(shuō)？”我知道他指的是我們結(jié)婚的事兒。

“沒(méi)有機(jī)會(huì)，”我說(shuō)的是實(shí)話。在和母親獨(dú)處的所有時(shí)間里，她好像都在議論里奇喜歡喝的葡萄酒是多么的昂貴，他的面色多么地蒼白、氣色多么地差，我哪里可以跟她說(shuō)我要結(jié)婚。里奇嬉皮笑臉?！熬驼f(shuō)聲,爸、媽，我要結(jié)婚了能花上多長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間？” “你不明白，你不了解我母親?！?/p>

第七單元

奧林匹克理想的象征

奧林匹克的格言、信條、誓言、圣火、會(huì)旗及其會(huì)歌——這些都是奧林匹克理想的象征。它們共同體現(xiàn)著奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)的精髓，各自都為奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)的精神財(cái)富作出了貢獻(xiàn)。奧林匹克格言：著名的奧林匹克格言“Citius, Altius，F(xiàn)ortius”是拉丁語(yǔ)，意思是“更快、更高、更勇”。但在英語(yǔ)中，這一格言廣為認(rèn)同的說(shuō)法是“更快、更高、更強(qiáng)”。1894年6月23日，法國(guó)教育家米歇爾·布里厄在現(xiàn)代奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)復(fù)興大會(huì)的閉幕宴會(huì)上首度使用該用語(yǔ)。就在那次大會(huì)

上，它被認(rèn)可為國(guó)際奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)委員會(huì)的正式格言。

奧林匹克誓言：每一屆奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)開(kāi)幕時(shí)，所有的運(yùn)動(dòng)員都要承諾將公平比賽，遵守各項(xiàng)奧運(yùn)規(guī)則。在開(kāi)幕式上一名來(lái)自主辦國(guó)的運(yùn)動(dòng)員代表全體運(yùn)動(dòng)員宣誓。他手執(zhí)奧運(yùn)旗幟的一角，背誦如下的誓言：

“我代表全體參賽運(yùn)動(dòng)員宣誓，在本次奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)上，我們將尊重并遵守大會(huì)各項(xiàng)規(guī)則，恪守體育道德，為體育爭(zhēng)光，為團(tuán)體爭(zhēng)光。”

該運(yùn)動(dòng)員誓言的作者是德·顧拜旦男爵，1920年在比利時(shí)安特衛(wèi)普奧運(yùn)會(huì)上首次被宣讀。奧林匹克信條：開(kāi)幕式上，主辦國(guó)的一個(gè)裁判誦讀出現(xiàn)在記分牌上的奧運(yùn)信條：

“奧運(yùn)重在參與，不在于奪冠，就像生活重在奮斗，而不在于成功；奧運(yùn)的要旨不是已經(jīng)征服，而是曾經(jīng)奮斗拼搏?！?/p>

盡管奧運(yùn)歷史上表達(dá)這一基本精神的措辭屢經(jīng)變換，上述信條自1972年在慕尼黑奧運(yùn)會(huì)上采用后就一直沿用到今。奧林匹克圣火：在希臘神話里，火是神圣的。點(diǎn)燃奧林匹克圣火的傳統(tǒng)來(lái)自古希臘。古代奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)上，圣火采自?shī)W林匹亞山上的陽(yáng)光，它一直燃燒到運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)結(jié)束。

現(xiàn)代奧林匹克之火是在1928年阿姆斯特丹奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)的開(kāi)幕式上首次點(diǎn)燃。每隔四年當(dāng)古老的火焰為新一屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)再次點(diǎn)燃時(shí)，這個(gè)古希臘的遺風(fēng)得以復(fù)活。

奧林匹克會(huì)歌：|奧林匹克會(huì)歌原本是首詩(shī)，由20世紀(jì)最著名和最受人喜愛(ài)的一位希臘詩(shī)人科斯塔·帕拉馬斯1893年所作。1896年希臘作曲家斯皮羅斯·薩馬拉斯為帕拉馬斯的這首詩(shī)歌譜曲，同年，這首歌曲首度唱響在雅典舉行的第一個(gè)復(fù)興后的奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)上。

多年來(lái)，許多不同版本的會(huì)歌在奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)上演奏和歌唱。1958年國(guó)際奧委會(huì)最終確定其中的一個(gè)版本作為奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)的正式會(huì)歌。下面引用的帕拉馬斯詩(shī)歌不太確切的英文版譯文便是自1958年起在每次的奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)上吟唱的英文版會(huì)歌。*

古代不朽之神

真善美之父

祈求你降臨塵世彰顯你的光輝

在這大地上蒼穹間

它第一個(gè)見(jiàn)證你流芳百世的榮耀

請(qǐng)把活力與生氣賜予這些崇高的競(jìng)技！

把永不凋謝的花環(huán)頒贈(zèng)給優(yōu)勝者！

塑造出鋼鐵般的意志！

放射出玫瑰般的艷麗霞光

筑起一座巨大的神殿

世界各地的人們都來(lái)膜拜你，啊！永遠(yuǎn)不朽的古代之神。* |奧林匹克會(huì)旗：|開(kāi)幕式演奏奧林匹克會(huì)歌時(shí)，會(huì)旗冉冉升起。據(jù)說(shuō)皮埃爾·德·顧拜旦在特爾斐掘出的一個(gè)祭壇石頭上發(fā)現(xiàn)了雕刻其上的五環(huán)標(biāo)志的真跡。如今，彩色奧運(yùn)環(huán)是世界上最廣泛認(rèn)可的的標(biāo)志。

奧運(yùn)會(huì)會(huì)旗長(zhǎng)2.06米，高60厘米，白底無(wú)邊，中央有五個(gè)圓環(huán)。白色的背景象征和平和真理。五個(gè)環(huán)代表世界的五大洲：

●藍(lán)色代表歐洲

●黑色代表非洲

●紅色代表美洲

●黃色代表亞洲

●綠色代表大洋洲

奧運(yùn)會(huì)會(huì)旗象征和平、友好、全球團(tuán)結(jié)和寬容。真正意義在于，它使那些無(wú)法在自己國(guó)度的旗幟下參賽的運(yùn)動(dòng)員有機(jī)會(huì)一展風(fēng)采。

奧林匹克的理想使我們?nèi)粘Ｉ畛錆M生氣和活力，而不只是對(duì)過(guò)去的頂禮膜拜。

第八單元 行為準(zhǔn)則

為了建設(shè)一個(gè)健康和諧的社會(huì)，我們必須對(duì)所處環(huán)境當(dāng)中的自我加以認(rèn)識(shí)與了解。在這一認(rèn)識(shí)和了解自己的過(guò)程

中，我們會(huì)意識(shí)到那些兒童時(shí)期就已經(jīng)潛移默化了的行為準(zhǔn)則。有了這種自我認(rèn)識(shí)，我們就有可能強(qiáng)化那些行之有效的準(zhǔn)則，糾正妨礙我們進(jìn)步的規(guī)范，從而與同伴們建立和諧的人際關(guān)系。

行為準(zhǔn)則對(duì)人際關(guān)系有著至關(guān)重要的影響，不應(yīng)把它們只看作社會(huì)習(xí)俗而不認(rèn)真對(duì)待。正如我們得說(shuō)相同的語(yǔ)言才能彼此理解一樣，我們需要行為準(zhǔn)則，行為準(zhǔn)則構(gòu)成了互相尊重的基礎(chǔ)，而良好關(guān)系的確立就來(lái)自這里。在尊重他人的過(guò)程中，我們會(huì)不知不覺(jué)地心懷仁愛(ài)。

并非人人都對(duì)行為準(zhǔn)則——尤其是對(duì)禮貌——給予必要的重視。雖說(shuō)沒(méi)有規(guī)矩我們無(wú)法生活，但有時(shí)我們卻很反感規(guī)矩。一方面，我們不愿束縛自己，可另一方面，我們不想因他人缺乏約束而讓自己承擔(dān)后果。結(jié)果，為了大家在一定程度上和平共處，即使是最叛逆的人也被迫遵從最起碼的規(guī)范。

禮貌待人的確是建立行為準(zhǔn)則的一個(gè)必備條件。有時(shí)即使我們本意是好的，還會(huì)經(jīng)常在人際關(guān)系上出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題，原因在于我們并沒(méi)有認(rèn)識(shí)到自己考慮不周或行為魯莽。人際關(guān)系會(huì)因?yàn)樯踔羶H有的一次不當(dāng)言行而受到無(wú)可挽回的傷害。禮貌可以幫助我們克服最困難的境況，是我們處理人際關(guān)系中不可替代的資產(chǎn)。不過(guò)，我們需要記住一點(diǎn)：倘若在每天的人際關(guān)系中任由自己的感情和本能沖動(dòng)無(wú)所羈絆，只在某些情形下才舉止得體，那只會(huì)削弱我們?yōu)閷W(xué)會(huì)生活而付出的努力。例如，在公共場(chǎng)合彬彬有禮，回到家里卻撒野耍橫、毫無(wú)耐心，諸如此類的行為就不能成為我們的行為準(zhǔn)則。

優(yōu)越感和傲慢有損于人際關(guān)系，因此謹(jǐn)防這兩種心態(tài)是十分有益的。一個(gè)人盡管本意是好的，但是他會(huì)將幫助和勸說(shuō)與發(fā)號(hào)施令混淆起來(lái)。只要?jiǎng)e人聽(tīng)從他的意見(jiàn)，他便會(huì)為他們殫精竭慮；一旦別人不順從他的意思，他便開(kāi)始對(duì)人家大加指責(zé)，要恩斷義絕。這種態(tài)度引起很多人際關(guān)系上的問(wèn)題，會(huì)引起負(fù)面的情緒和怨恨，非但不能助人一臂之力，實(shí)際上反倒令人氣餒。當(dāng)我們處于這種思想狀態(tài)時(shí)，我們會(huì)指出別人的錯(cuò)誤和不足，卻忘記鼓勵(lì)和賞識(shí)人家。我們不要提出“別人能為我做什么？”的問(wèn)題，但我們可提出“我能為別人做什么？我怎樣才能將我的一生、勞動(dòng)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)奉獻(xiàn)出

來(lái)？”等問(wèn)題。也就是說(shuō)，我們把指責(zé)他人的態(tài)度擱置一邊，采取為他人服務(wù)的態(tài)度。其他人是我們生活的一部分。言及于此，禮貌待人和清晰的評(píng)判都不足以幫助他人。如果沒(méi)有無(wú)私的愛(ài)心，沒(méi)有積極的態(tài)度，一切善意的努力都是徒勞。如果我們的態(tài)度通過(guò)提供實(shí)際、有益、可行的建議激勵(lì)他人，傳遞愛(ài)心，那么這種態(tài)度就是積極的。

積極的態(tài)度可以支持和培育他人，幫助他人建立信心，賦予他人面對(duì)困難的勇氣。積極的態(tài)度也可以生成快樂(lè)、健康的人際關(guān)系。尤其在我們經(jīng)受磨難和心情沮喪時(shí)，這種態(tài)度本身就是一種很大的幫助。

積極的態(tài)度不是流于表面的樂(lè)觀主義。相反，積極的態(tài)度會(huì)在我們自身和周圍人身上激發(fā)起付出一切必要努力和為崇高事業(yè)犧牲自我的愿望。

積極的態(tài)度不取決于成功和運(yùn)氣。因此，抱有這一態(tài)度的人無(wú)論是悲傷還是高興，無(wú)論在奮斗中是否成功，其行為舉止總是一致的。0人

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第三篇：新視野大學(xué)英語(yǔ)讀寫(xiě)教程第三冊(cè)Unit_6_Section_A教案

Unit 6 Section A How to Prepare for Earthquake

I.Background information 1.The 1906 San Francisco Earthquake

At 5:13 on the morning of April 18th, 1906, the city of San Francisco was shaken by a terrible earthquake.A large part of the city was destroyed and a large number of buildings were burnt.The number of people who lost homes reached as many as 250, 000.About 700 people died in the earthquake and the fires.Another earthquake shocked San Francisco on October 17th, 1989.It was the second strongest earthquake and about one hundred people were killed.It happened in the evening as people were traveling home.A wide and busy road fell onto the below.A lot of people were killed in their cars, but a few lucky ones were not hurt.Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of town but about 50 kilometers away.In one part of the town many buildings were destroyed.These buildings were over 50 years old, so they were not strong enough.There were a lot of fires all over the city.The electricity was cut off for several days too.Scientists explain that the outside of the earth is made of different plates.At San Francisco the Pacific plate meets the North American plate.When suddenly these two plates jump, an earthquake is felt.When the 1906 earthquake happened, the Pacific plate jumped 5-6 meters to the north.We cannot stop earthquake, but we can do things to make sure they do not destroy a whole city.First, it is not a good idea to build houses along the lines where two of the earth’s plates join together.Second, if you think there may be an earthquake, it is better to build houses on rock not on sand.Third, you must make the houses as strong as possible.Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake, but strong ones may stay up.Scientists are afraid that one day an even bigger earthquake will hit the area around San Francisco.They call it “The Big One”.However, people today are still building more houses.The population in and around San Francisco is now ten times more than it was in 1906.This means that if there is another big earthquake, a great many houses and buildings will be destroyed.2.The 1976 Tangshan Earthquake

1)Which city earns the name “Brave City of China”?

Tangshan 2)The deadliest earthquake of the 20th century, a magnitude 7.8 earthquake hit the sleeping city of Tangshan at 3:42 a.m.on July 28, 1976.3)Which of the following gave some advance warnings of an impending earthquake?

A.Well water rose and fell with cracking or gas.B.Chickens refused to eat and ran around chirping.C.Mice and yellow weasels ran around to hide.D.A goldfish jumped wildly in its bowl.E.Strange lights(fireballs)as well as loud sounds were seen the night preceding the earthquake.4)The Tangshan earthquake lasted approximately 14-16 seconds.After the earthquake hit, 242419 people were dead or dying;164581 people severely injured.In 7218 households, all members of the family were killed by the earthquake.5)Over two million people died in the earthquake in the 20th century.About 0.6 billion people live in the strong earthquake zone throughout the world.6)93 percent of the residential buildings and 78 percent of the industrial buildings were completely destroyed.3.What’s your insight into earthquakes?

Because they have no warning and allow people no time to react to them in an effective way.As described in the video, one second you live in this big beautiful city and ten seconds later it is flat.So on any scale of instant destructivity, few natural disasters can come close to earthquakes.At 11:43 A.M.on June 7, 1692, for example, an earthquake struck Port Royal, Jamaica.In the space of less than fifty seconds, that thriving port sank into the Caribbean.An eyewitness described the scene.“ In many places the earth cracked, opened and shut, with a motion quick and fast.People were swallowed up;in others they were caught by the middle, and pressed to death.”

In the 17th and 18th centuries, it was believed in the Western world that because earthquakes normally occurred in non-Christian countries, they were signs of God’s anger with the inhabitants of these areas.In fact, every day the earth is shaken by hundreds of small earthquakes, most going unnoticed.They usually occur along the boundaries of thin plates that cover the earth like egg shells.Driven by the heat deep within the earth’s core, plates grind against each other along lines called faults.When plates find their motions blocked, stress builds up.Finally the fault gives way.Released energy races through the earth in a form of seismic waves(震波)and a quake occurs.4.How much do you know about other natural disasters?

In addition to the earthquake, the human society as a whole is also cursed with a long list of other natural disasters, among which are flood, mud-rock flow(泥石流), landslide(山體滑坡), typhoon, hurricane(颶風(fēng)), tornado(龍卷風(fēng)), snowstorm(暴風(fēng)雪), hailstorm(冰雹), sand storm(沙塵暴), drought(干旱), plague of locusts(蝗災(zāi)), the spread of desert, the spread of infectious diseases such as SARS(非典), and volcanic eruptions(火山噴發(fā)), the most famous example of which is the Great Pompeii, quickly covered with volcanic ashes.The contributors to these natural disasters are complex and varied.Some disasters such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions result from the movement of plates along the weaknesses in the Earth’s crust.Many others, like flood, sand storm, and the spread of desert, stem from human activities.Man’s mindless enthusiasm for unrestrained economic growth has led to a sharp decline of forestry, a rapid desertification of farming land, an irreparable depletion of ozone layer, a global worsening of greenhouse effect, and a swift extinction of species, all of which in turn bring about more disasters.II.Structure Analysis 1.How can we know about warning signs of earthquakes?

1)Wire the earth and sea …

2)Watch animals and plants …

3)The amount of radon waxes …

2.What animals show what signs of earthquakes?

1)hens—cages

2)snakes—freeze

3)dogs—bark a lot

4)fish—surface

5)birds—noisy— fly unusually Some advance warnings of an impending earthquake.A.Well water rose and fell with cracking or gas.B.Chickens refused to eat and ran around chirping(吱喳而鳴).C.Mice and yellow weasels(黃鼠狼)ran around to hide.D.A goldfish jumped wildly in its bowl.E.Strange lights(fireballs)as well as loud sounds were seen the night preceding the earthquake.3.How are most of the people killed in an earthquake?

By falling buildings.4.What building structures might prevent the great destruction of property?

1)Steel joint/an I-joint

2)Equally strong columns & horizontal beams

3)Deep vertical support columns

4)Light roofs & strong walls 5.What should people do to prepare their houses?

1)Check/reinforce homes …

2)Place heavy objects …

3)Attach cupboards & cabinets …

4)Fasten doors …

6.What should people need for their earthquake survival supplies, and why?

water & food

radio receiver

torch

extra batteries

first-aid supplies

spade

tent

rope

clothing

fire extinguisher

auxiliary cooking & heating source

heavy shoes or boots 7.How can family members keep in touch during an earthquake? Check in with a far-away friend or relative…

8.What should be a major emphasis for all government programs and earthquake-related research projects?

Education concerning how to survive an earthquake.1.What is the text mainly about?

The essay is centered around the main theme — How to predict, prevent, and prepare for earthquakes.2.How is the text organized?

The writer centers his writing on three aspects of the topic—earthquake prediction, earthquake prevention, and earthquake preparation.In the end, he concludes his writing with more emphasis placed on people’s preparation for earthquakes.So the text can fall structurally into four parts.Part I Prediction: People predicted a quake by wiring the earth and sea to detect movements, watch-ing animals and plants for warning signs;and seeing if the amount of radon(Rn)in the water under the surface of the Earth waxes before an earthquake.Devices for developing it: Exemplification:(Para.1)In Japan, scientists have wired the Earth and sea? The Chinese have traditionally watched animals and plants for? For example, ? Before the Hansin earthquake in Japan, ?

Part II Prevention: To prevent buildings from threatening our lives, new structures need to be built with an I-joint steel, with columns and horizontal beams of equal strength, and with light roofs;and pillars for highway bridges need to be enclosed in steel.Devices for developing it: Deduction:(Para.2)General Statement: People would also like to? prevent? Details: 1)Most people are killed by? 2)? with steel joint;3)? of equal strength 4)? enclosed in steel.Part III Preparation: To prepare for a great quake, you need to keep survival supplies at home and at work;have proper tools ready at hand;make sure what to do in case of a quake;and plan for family re-unity.Devices for developing it: Deduction:(Paras.4-6)General statement: People ? need to prepare themselves.Details: 1)? have supplies of water and food?;2)Have a fire extinguisher handy;3)Every family needs to have earthquake emergency plans.Part IV Conclusion: Even if prediction becomes possible, people still have to do their best to prevent disasters by improving building structures and by being personally prepared.Devices for developing it: Induction:(Para.7)Known facts: 1)? scientists learn much about how quakes work;2)It will be possible to predict quakes with accuracy;3)But people still have to prevent quakes.Conclusion: Education concerning ? should be a major emphasis for all ? projects.III.New words and expressions 1.to watch sth.for? / to watch for

觀察某物以獲取······ / 小心等待

He has been watching for the right moment to express his feeling of love for her.2.to come out of

爬出······ / 有······ 結(jié)果

Good reward will certainly come out of your good intention.3.to be reported to do sth.in unusual patterns

據(jù)報(bào)道說(shuō)以異常的方式做某事

They are reported to be celebrating their victory in unusual patterns.4.to withstand the power of earthquakes

抵御地震的力量

Any friendship that can’t withstand the trial of hardships is not likely to last long.5.to be a major concern

是關(guān)注的重點(diǎn)

How to prevent the resurgence(卷土重來(lái))of SARS is one of the major concerns among the public.6.to insert sth.in / into / between

把某物插入······中／中間

The Maxwell House inserted in a newspaper an advertisement : Good to the last drop.麥?zhǔn)瞎?Maxwell House)在一家報(bào)紙上曾刊登了一則廣告：滴滴香濃，意猶未盡。

7.to enclose sth.in ?

將某物包入／裝入······

Enclosed in his letter was a birthday card, on which was a message —Turn my little card into white clouds that take my endless blessings to you.愿這小小的卡片化作朵朵白云,捎去我無(wú)盡的祝福。8.to prepare for the possibility of ?

為······的可能性作好防備

The purpose of college life is to prepare us for the possibility of future challenges.9.to attach sth.to ?

把某物附加在 / 依附于 ······ 之上

She is fondly attached to the good old days she shared with him.10.to make water safe to drink

使水飲用安全

What matters to us is how to make our campus life meaningful and fruitful.11.to keep sth.handy

手邊備有某物

Also important is what measures to take to keep our teenagers far away from drugs.12.to put out

撲滅 / 生產(chǎn)／投資 ／發(fā)揮

His speech ended in an appeal to college students to put out all their subjective initiative during the course of college studies.13.to agree on

就······取得一致意見(jiàn)

Different people attach different meanings to life, on which it is hard for them to agree.14.to be busy with / doing sth.忙于做某事

Once promoted to a higher position, a corrupt official will be busy abusing his power.貪官一旦被提拔到更高的職位,就會(huì)忙于濫用職權(quán)。15.to check in

登記 / 報(bào)到

He checked in at this hotel under a false name last night but this morning he checked out.16.to learn a great deal about

對(duì)······了解甚多

With this book, you can learn a great deal about the conditions and customs of Africa.通過(guò)這本書(shū)，你可以了解許多有關(guān)非洲的風(fēng)土人情。17.to predict earthquakes with accuracy

精確預(yù)測(cè)地震 The satellite system can help man draw maps with great accuracy.衛(wèi)星系統(tǒng)可以幫助人類非常精確地繪制地圖。18.to be resistant to?

對(duì)······有抵抗力 / 抵制力

The best way of keeping yourself far away from diseases is to build up your resistance to them by exercising.使自己遠(yuǎn)離疾病的最好途徑是通過(guò)鍛煉身體增強(qiáng)對(duì)疾病的抵抗力。19.to make a great difference in / to?

在······方面 ／使······大不一樣

It makes no difference to us whether we have a daughter or a son.20.education concerning how to do sth.關(guān)于如何做某事的教育

The laws and regulations concerning the environmental protection are still far from perfect.關(guān)于環(huán)境保護(hù)的法規(guī)仍不完善。

IV.Language Points 1.Experimental data seem to indicate that the amount of radon(Rn)in the water under the surface of the Earth waxes before an earthquake.(Para.1)

Meaning: Data collected from experiments seem to indicate that the amount of the element radon(Rn)in the water under the surface of the Earth increases before an earthquake.2.Therefore, building structures that can withstand the power of earthquakes is a major concern.(Para.2)

Meaning: Therefore, people are very concerned about having buildings that are strong enough to resist the power of earthquakes.3.Many new structures are built with a new type of steel joint, an I-joint, which appears to be the most durable type of joint.(Para.2)

Meaning: Many new structures are built with a new type of steel joint in the shape of “I”, which appears to be the most durable type of joint.Pay attention that here “a new type of steel joint” and “I-joint” are appositions.4.They should have supplies of water and food at home and at work.(Para.4)

Meaning: They should store water and food at home and in their working places.5.Earthquake survival supplies include...(Para.4)

Meaning: To survive an earthquake, the following things are necessary...6.Also important is an arrangement for family members to communicate if there is an earthquake.(Para.6)

Meaning: It is also important to make an arrangement for family members to communicate in an earthquake.Please note the reversed order of the sentence.7.A sensible arrangement is to have all of the members of the family call to check in with a friend or relative who lives more than a hundred miles away.(Para.6)

Meaning: A reasonable and practical arrangement is that every member of the family should call a friend or relative who lives more than a hundred miles away to report their situation.8.Someday soon it may actually become possible to predict earthquakes with accuracy.(Para.7)

Meaning: Before long, it may actually become possible to predict earthquakes accurately.

第四篇：21世紀(jì)大學(xué)實(shí)用英語(yǔ)綜合教程第三冊(cè)答案

Unit 1

5.Fill in the blanks with the words given below.Change the forms where necessary.1.curious 2.affects 3.emergency 4.locked 5.Relatively 6.complaining 7.protested

8.react 9.mood 10.unique 11.consciousness 12.surgery

6.Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below.Change the forms where necessary.1.the bottom line 2.thanks to3.reflect on 4.had lost touch 5.went through

6.followed around 7.looking on 8.woke up 9.take action 10.after all

10.Translate the following sentences into English.1.Each time my brother complained about the difficulty of his work, I asked him to look on the bright side.2.The police reacted immediately when report came that two kids had been held up at gunpoint in a nearby building.3.When I pointed out the mistakes in her calculation, instead of correcting them as soon as possible, Mary protested that it was not her fault.4.Tom was curious about the joke I told my colleagues, but he didn!ˉt get it.5.Thanks to his positive attitude, Jack took action and saved his own life before he lost

consciousness in the emergency room.6.When I reflect on what I have achieved in the past, I have to say that success comes from hard work.That!ˉs the bottom line.Unit 2

5.Fill in the blanks with the words given below.Change the forms where necessary.1.intense 2.concept 3.committed 4.deserve 5.selfish 6.compromise7.matters

8.opponent 9.influence 10.effort 11.shortcuts 12.evidence

6.Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below.Change the forms where necessary.1.work at2.According to3.run through 4.in sight 5.live with 6.a variety of

7.When it comes to 8.live up to

10.Translate the following sentences into English.1.Take Michael Jordan, it!ˉs easy for people tosee his achievements while neglect the price of blood and sweat that he has paid on the court in order to come out on top.2.Right in the first English class, our teacher conveyed a clear message to us: as the basic building blocks of the language, new words must be memorized;any other shortcut is fool!ˉs gold.3.Thousands of Chinese laborers contributed greatly to the construction of America!ˉs first transcontinental railroad, and their intense efforts deserve a page in American history.4.When it comes to training, the coach has no problem living with all sorts of complaints of the players but he never compromises with any of them.5.Traditional ethics seem especially important in some situations where the margin between right and wrong is as thin as an eggshell.6.As competition intensifies, our opponents and we are all working hard to live up to higher

service standards.Unit 3

5.Fill in the blanks with the words given below.Change the forms where necessary.1.withdraw 2.opposite 3.consult 4.seeking 5.chief 6.frustrated 7.gather

8.suggestions 9.numerous 10.crucial 11.approval 12.yield

6.Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below.Change the forms where necessary.1.give up on 2.kicked out 3.at the end of my rope 4.count!-out 5.provide!-wit

6.that is 7.on the brink of 8.moved forward

10.Translate the following sentences into English.1.The health report stresses the importance of fresh fruit and vegetables in our diet.2.I spent a whole week gathering the courage to say no to their request.3.These journeys made him realize to the fullest extent that many of the world!ˉs species were on

the brink of extinction.4.Approval of the patient!ˉs family should be sought before doctors carry out such operations.5.Improved consumer confidence is crucial to an economic recovery.6.We gave up on the missing mountain climber after he had been missing for two weeks.Unit 4

5.Fill in the blanks with the words given below.Change the forms where necessary.1.mankind 2.determination 3.burden 4.define 5.financial 6.resources

7.research 8.cure 9.evil 10.hardship 11.suicide 12.suffered

6.Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below.Change the forms where necessary.1.broke down 2.took!-for granted 3.look!-in the eye 4.couldn!ˉt help but respect h

5.crying over 6.no doubt 7.dressing up 8.slipped into

9.Translate the following sentences into English.1.He was no doubt a great hero so people couldn!ˉt help but cry over his death.2.The actor used his celebrity status to fund research that might someday yield a cure for AIDS.3.The disabled man once considered suicide to relieve his family of the heavy burden.4.Children dress up as Superman to capture adults!ˉ attention.5.It wasn!ˉt until I matured that I realized I shouldn!ˉt be afraid to look adversity and hardship i

the eye.6.He could have easily stayed at home, for he had plenty of financial resources to keep him from worrying about medical bills..Unit 5

5.Fill in the blanks with the words given below.Change the forms where necessary.1.discharged 2.anger 3.latter 4.relationship 5.engaged 6.backgrounds

7.miserable 8.invitation 9.match 10.folded 11.overseas 12.propose

6.Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below.Change the forms where necessary.1.broke down 2.from time to time 3.From the very beginning 4.knocked down

5.agreed to 6.talk!-round 7.due to 8.give in 9.in silence 10.go abroad

10.Translate the following sentences into English.1.I just received a email in which Jessica expressed her regret of ending the relationship with her

beloved boyfriend.2.She broke down at the loss of her family, and the impact of this miserable incident remained for the rest of her life.3.Both my parents object to my going abroad to further my studies.I wonder if I should give in or try to talk them round.4.Edgar was not good with words, so whenever Jessica vented her anger on him, he only endured it in silence.5.The cheerful background music matches his mood very well, for he!ˉs just got engaged to his beloved girlfriend.6.From time to time the system would utter a piercing noise indicating its inability to run properly.Unit 6

5.Fill in the blanks with the words given below.Change the forms where necessary.1.rejected 2.properly 3.judgment 4.employer 5.lack 6.feedback 7.qualified

8.suitable 9.candidate 10.confident 11.potential 12.punctual

6.Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below.Change the forms where necessary.1.cope with 2.miss out 3.applied for 4.keep!-in mind 5.for a bit 6.reflecting on

7.fill out 8.get back 9.a variety of10.To our amazement

10.Translate the following sentences into English.1.Sometimes even if you are totally qualified for the job, you may still be rejected.2.You should learn to cope with difficult situation.And even more important, don!ˉt look to others

for help.3.To my shock/amazement, he was not only involved in a variety of extracurricular activities but also had applied for a part-time job.4.Keep in mind that one more failure is one step closer to success.5.Don!ˉt dwell on the reasons that are out of your control, because this job doesn!ˉt entirely sui

you and your chances are slim.6.Although you may not always like to hear negative feedback, whatever you do, don!ˉt burn your bridges.Unit 7

5.Fill in the blanks with the words given below.Change the forms where necessary.1.tuition 2.anxiety 3.horrors 4.switched 5.quarter 6.steady 7.roughly

8.prospects 9.disorder 10.represent 11.apparent 12.population

6.Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below.Change the forms where necessary.1.were booked up 2.not getting anywhere 3.ups and downs 4.burst out 5.get along with

6.broke up with 7.in advance 8.had no choice 9.In spite of 10.take your own life

10.Translate the following sentences into English.1.The students who seek psychological counseling represent only the tip of the iceberg.Most students endure the stress in silence.2.The horror movie overwhelmed him so much that he began to suffer from a sleeping disorder, even insomnia.3.Lisa had always been a straight-A student until her junior year, when she had to hold down two part-time jobs to pay her tuition.4.In spite of the result of the aptitude test, John decided to switch his major from accounting to psychology.5.He would rather remain a sales clerk, apparently because he prefers a steady life to a life full of ups and downs.6.The computer has broken down on more than one occasion.Isn!ˉt that enough for professional help?

Unit 8

5.Fill in the blanks with the words given below.Change the forms where necessary.1.chemical 2.soil 3.disturb 4.mixture 5.substance 6.ruin 7.consumers 8.stable

9.pollution 10.supplies 11.decay 12.main

6.Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below.Change the forms where necessary.1.leaked out 2.due to 3.are known as 4.depend on 5.giving off 6.make up

7.live on 8.have used up

10.Translate the following sentences into English.1.With the construction of the nuclear power plant, this city now doesn!ˉt have to worry about its

own electricity supply.Instead, it can supply electricity to other cities nearby.2.These vegetables do not decay when kept at a relatively stable low temperature.3.This city is known as the financial center of the country.The development of its economy depends heavily on banking and foreign trade.4.This plant only lives on the top of certain high mountains and gives off a very sweet smell in spring.5.The main cause of this area!ˉs water pollution i the chemical substance that leaks out of a paper

mill by the river bank.6.This kind of litter is made up of a mixture of chemical waste.It has poisoned the soil, ruining it completely.

第五篇：全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜合教程第二版第三冊(cè)答案-U8

（轉(zhuǎn)自教育網(wǎng)）

Book IIIUnit 8cloning

Text A

Content questions

1.at his mother’s funeral, the writer swore that one day he’d do something about conditions

like hers

2.one night,the writer went out for dreinks with another gentleman whose father had died

of ALS.They talked about their parents then and wanted to do something as a legacy for them.The stem cell research company Stemagen thus came into existence

3.they are concerned about the reproductive possibilities of cloning when Dolly was born

4.human reproductive cloning is ethically wrong because the majority of reproductive

clones in other species are actually abnormal,with very high miscarriage rates, very high stillbirth rates, fetal anomalies, death soon after birth,etc.5.the writer shows a positive attitude towards therapeutic cloning.He holds that

therapeutic cloning does not involve any type of rist to human life and actually provides tremendous potential for the relief of suffering in human beings who are undergoing some awful things.6.the writer honestly thinks that someone will attempt human reproductive cloning and

there is no way to stop it

7.because by doing so, they could make cloning very real so that people around the world

know that cloning is coming along

8.their purpose in creating disease-specific stem cell lines is to study the causes of specific

diseases,and then research a variety of treatments for these diseases.If the stem cell lines are created for any given individual and are later transplated back into the individual, they will not be rejected by the individual.9.the writer holds that in reality it is transcendent because when you look through the

microscope, you see what you may have looked like a long ago, at least in part

10.it brought teras to his eyes because the research was done for his mother,and he realized

that if she had only been able to live a few years longer, maybe they could have used this technology to help her

11.in the process of analysis, the embroys were destroyed by necessity.In other words, to

get the genetic material from inside the cells to analyze it, they had to destroy the cell

12.because the writer thinks that logically, an embryo is not life, although it is a potential

life.The vast majority of embroys never become life—they just generate , don't implant and die

Language sense enhancement

1)in some ways2)make the most of3)individual4)replicated5)roadmap

6)in place7)resulst from8)dissuade9)Quite honestly10)legislate

Vocabulary

1.1)complications2)tremendous3)brillian4)analysis

5)transplant , transplant6)In a sense7)consented8)In some ways 9)eyesight

10)in reality11)implanted12)procedures

2.1)focus2)come forward3)result from4)go through

5)carry out6)work on7)feed on8)settled over

3.1)resulted from a childhood illness

2)was condemmed by the trade unions as endangering jobs

3)in place,even those with presistent, long-term mental illness can usually learn to manage their

symptoms and live productive lives

4)but apparently showed disapproval of his behaviour

5)you should make the most of any advice which you can get from the interviewer

4.1)misconceptions, potential, make the most of ,2)donated, cntentious issue, and opponents

3)a fraud , in some ways, condemn him

II Collocation

1)permission to adopt her

2)a willingness to restart peace talks

3）failure to find meaning in life

4)his determination to realize his ideals

5)attempt to blow up the bridge

6)an opportunity to pursue a college degree

III.Usage

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

6)do you consider it any good continuing your investigations? It is reported that two people were killed in the explosion I owe it to you that I have been able to get back to my studies It is no good bothering about such a trifle It wont do you any good to hide your sickness for fear of treatment We all think it a pity to give up the experiment half way

Comprehensive exercises

I.Cloze

1.text-related

1)issue2)contenious3)clones4)potential5)condemn

6)misconceptions7)opponents8)results from9)come forward10)donated

2.theme-related

1)prospect2)intention3)despite4)developing5)publish

6)condemned7)among8)standpoint9)standard10)rejection

II.1.1)Translation Medical experts debated whether the cloning of human beings should be permitted and

what its potential effects on society might be

2）eighty-five percent of the people in the local area in full-time employment;only 3% describe themselves as unemployed

3).The departments concerned in China will speed up legislation to protect rights of migrant workers

4).In recent years, some psychologists have tried to explain intelligence from a biological standpoint

5).The global finanical crisis has had a huge impact on that country’s export industry.In no more than six months,many factories have closed down by necessity.2.Dolly the sheep resulted from a cloning experiment by a group of Scottish scientists in 1997.A

fierce debate on human cloning has ever since been going on.This contentious issue has focused on ethical and social implications of the technology:what the technology might do to the very meaning of human reproduction,child rearing, individuality, etc.The majority of scientists are adamantly opposed to reproductive cloning and support therapeutic cloning for treating diseases.The reason is that therapeutic cloning does not involve any type of relief of suffering in human beings.Scientists believe that with politics and monitoring in place to ensure that therapeutic cloning is used safely, we can all benefit from this procedure.Text B

Comprehension check:

1.d2, c3,b4, d5, b6, c

Translation :

1.時(shí)至今日，眼看著新一輪要求對(duì)克隆人全面禁止而非簡(jiǎn)單規(guī)范的呼聲即將再起，我倒想說(shuō): “慢一點(diǎn)來(lái)?！?/p>

2就像禁止人工流產(chǎn)和婚外性行為一樣，禁止克隆人肯定難以實(shí)施。

3.由于是人工生育而被認(rèn)為缺乏道德，這樣的苦境不是會(huì)糟糕得多嗎？

4.因此，如果要禁止克隆人，其理由應(yīng)比任何已經(jīng)提出的更為有力才行。

Language practice

1.1)c2)h3)g4)e5)a6)b7)d8)f

2.1)artificial2)labeled3)objections4)appealed to

5)reinforce6)by virtue of7)come to terms with8)in essence

9)prohibited10)origin11)debate12)arise