第一篇：新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)第15課

Lesson 15 Good news 佳音

The secretary told me that Mr.Harmsworth would see me.I felt very nervous when I went into his office.He did not look up from his desk when I entered.After I had sat down, he said that business was very bad.He told me that the firm could not afford to pay such large salaries.Twenty people had already left.I knew that my turn had come.'Mr.Harmsworth,' I said in a weak voice.'Don't interrupt,' he said.Then he smiled and told me I would receive an extra thousand pounds a year!New words and expressions 生詞和短語(yǔ)

secretary n.秘書 nervous adj.精神緊張的 afford v.負(fù)擔(dān)得起 weak adj.弱的 interrupt v.插話，打斷 參考譯文

秘書告訴我說(shuō)哈姆斯沃斯先生要見我。我走進(jìn)他的辦公室，感到非常緊張。我進(jìn)去的時(shí)候，他連頭也沒(méi)抬。待我坐下后，他說(shuō)生意非常不景氣。他還告訴我，公司支付不起這么龐大的工資開支，有20個(gè)人已經(jīng)離去。我知道這次該輪到我了。

“哈姆斯沃斯先生，”我無(wú)力地說(shuō)。

“不要打斷我的話，”他說(shuō)。

然后他微笑了一下告訴我說(shuō)，我每年將得到1,000 英鎊的額外收入。1.Good news 佳音 news [nju:z] n.1.[u] new information about sth.that has happened recently消息；音信

e.g.有什么最新消息嗎？What’s the latest([’leitist]adj.最近的；最新的)news? 這真是好消息。That’s great news.把你最近的情況全都告訴我。Tell me all your news.你有沒(méi)有瑪麗的消息？Have you had any news of Mary? 你是想先聽好消息還是壞消息？Do you want the good news or the bad news first? 一條/一則消息 a piece/bit of news 2.[u] reports of recent events that appear in newspapers or on television or radio媒體對(duì)重要事情的報(bào)道；新聞

e.g.國(guó)內(nèi)/國(guó)際新聞 national/international news 一則新聞；新聞報(bào)道 a news story/item/report 她老上報(bào)紙。She is always in the news.這次婚禮成了頭版新聞。The wedding was front-page news.3.(the news)[sing] a regular television or radio broadcast of the latest news(電視或廣播中的)新聞節(jié)目

e.g.收聽/收看新聞節(jié)目 to listen to / watch the news 九點(diǎn)的新聞報(bào)道 the nine o’clock news 4.[u] a person, thing or event that is considered to be interesting enough to be reported as news新聞人物；新聞事件

e.g.流行音樂(lè)明星們總是新聞人物。Pop stars are always news.IDM:

1.be bad news(for sb./sth.)to be likely to cause problems 對(duì)?不利

e.g.中央供暖系統(tǒng)可能不利于室內(nèi)植物。Central heating is bad news for indoor plants.air conditioner [k?n'di??n?] n.空調(diào)機(jī)；空調(diào)設(shè)備(conditioner n.[c, u] 護(hù)發(fā)劑；護(hù)發(fā)素 shampoo [??m'pu:] n.(pl.-os)[c, u] 洗發(fā)劑；香波；洗滌劑)heater ['hi:t?] n.加熱器；爐子；熱水器

2.break the news(to sb.)to be the first to tell sb.some bad news 最先(向?)透露壞消息；說(shuō)出實(shí)情

3.be good news(for sb./sth.)to be likely to be helpful or give an advantage對(duì)?有利(或有益處)e.g.降低利率對(duì)于私房買主來(lái)說(shuō)是個(gè)福音。

The cut(n.削減，減少)in interest rates is good news for homeowners.(homeowner ['h?um?un?] n.房主)4.no news is good news(saying)if there were bad news we would hear it , so as we have heard nothing, it is likely that nothing bad has happened沒(méi)有消息就是好消息 news agency(also press agency)n.通訊社

newsagent ['nju:ze?d??nt](BrE)(AmE newsdealer)1.報(bào)刊經(jīng)銷人；報(bào)刊經(jīng)銷商2.(newsagent’s)(pl.newsagents)報(bào)刊經(jīng)銷店；書報(bào)亭

newscast ['nju:zkɑ:st] n.(esp.AmE)新聞節(jié)目；新聞廣播

news conference n.(esp.AmE)=press conference 記者招待會(huì)；新聞發(fā)布會(huì)

2.The secretary told me that Mr.Harmsworth would see me.秘書告訴我說(shuō)哈姆斯沃斯先生要見我。

1)secretary ['sekr?t?ri] n.(pl.-ies)(abbreviation Sec.)1.a person who works in an office, working for another person, dealing with letters and telephone calls, typing, keeping records, arranging meetings with people, etc.秘書 e.g.請(qǐng)和我的秘書聯(lián)系，預(yù)約一個(gè)時(shí)間。

Please contact ['k?nt?kt] my secretary to make an appointment.(n.[c] ~(with sb.)約會(huì)；預(yù)約；約定)2.an official of a club, society, etc.who deals with writing letters, keeping records, and making business arrangements(俱樂(lè)部、社團(tuán)等的)干事，文書

3.(AmE)the head of a government department, chosen by the President部長(zhǎng)；大臣

e.g.財(cái)政部長(zhǎng) Secretary of the Treasury(['tre??ri] n.(pl.-ies)1.(the Treasury)(英國(guó)、美國(guó)和一些其他國(guó)家的)財(cái)政部 2.[c](城堡等中的)金銀財(cái)寶庫(kù)，寶庫(kù))Secretary of State n.1.(also Secretary)(in Britain)the head of an important government department(英國(guó))大臣 e.g.教育與就業(yè)大臣 the Secretary of State for Education and Employment 2.(in the US)the head of the government department that deals with foreign affairs(美國(guó))國(guó)務(wù)卿 Secretary General n.the person who is in charge of the administrative department of a large international or political organization(大型國(guó)際組織或政治組織的)秘書長(zhǎng)，總干事，總書記： e.g.北約前任秘書長(zhǎng) the former Secretary General of NATO(general adj.1.全體的；普遍的；總的 2.[only before noun](also General)[after noun] 首席的；總管的 e.g.總經(jīng)理 the general manager)(NATO['neit?u] =North Atlantic Treaty Organization It is an organization to which many European countries and the US and Canada belong.They agree to give each other military help if necessary北約；北大西洋公約組織)secretarial [,sekr?'te?r??l] adj.involving or connected with the work of a secretary秘書的；文秘工作的：e.g.文秘工作；做秘書須具備的資格 secretarial work/qualifications(n.[c] 資格；學(xué)歷)2)would在這里不是表示單純的過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，而是表示“想?”、“要?”的意思： e.g.你想要吃(喝)什么？What would you like to have? 約翰不愿意把他的自行車借給我。John wouldn’t lend me his bicycle.3.I felt very nervous when I went into his office.我走進(jìn)他的辦公室，感到非常緊張。nervous ['n?:v?s] adj.1.~(about/of sth.)anxious about sth.or afraid of sth.焦慮的；擔(dān)憂的；惶恐的opposite: confident e.g.我在考試前感到非常緊張。I feel very nervous before exams.他從未當(dāng)眾講過(guò)話，因此他非常緊張。

He had never spoken in public, so he was very nervous.面試前我感到惶恐不安。I felt really nervous before the interview.他過(guò)去一直不敢邀請(qǐng)我們。He had been nervous about inviting us.這匹馬可能害怕汽車。The horse may be nervous of cars.2.easily worried or frightened 神經(jīng)質(zhì)的；易緊張焦慮的；膽怯的：opposite: nerveless(['n?:vl?s]adj.1.無(wú)力的；麻木的 2.無(wú)謂的；鎮(zhèn)定從容的；勇敢的)e.g.她是個(gè)神經(jīng)質(zhì)的女人。你看見她臉上那種神經(jīng)質(zhì)的微笑了嗎？

She is a nervous woman.Do you see that nervous smile on her face? 她是個(gè)瘦削而又膽怯的女孩兒。She was a thin, nervous girl.他不是那種好緊張的人。He’s not the nervous type.3.connected with the body’s nerves and often affecting you mentally or emotionally神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的 e.g.神經(jīng)紊亂；神經(jīng)癥 a nervous disorder/disease

他的神經(jīng)處于極度疲勞狀態(tài)。He was in a state of nervous exhaustion [?g'z?:st??n].adv.nervously e.g.她露出不安的微笑。She smiled nervously.n.nervousness [u] e.g.他試圖掩飾他的惶恐不安。He tried to hide his nervousness.nervous breakdown(also breakdown)n.a period of mental illness in which sb.becomes very depressed, anxious and tired, and cannot deal with normal life神經(jīng)衰弱

e.g.患神經(jīng)衰弱 to have a nervous breakdown 與nervous容易混淆的另一個(gè)詞是irritable(易怒的，急躁的)：

irritable ['?r?t?bl] adj.getting annoyed(adj.惱怒；生氣；煩惱)easily;showing your anger 易怒的；暴躁的 e.g.我們的老師是位脾氣急躁的老太太。她很容易生氣。

Our teacher is an irritable old lady.She gets angry easily.irritability [,?r?t?'b?l?ti] n.[u]

irritably ['?r?t?bl?] adv.4.He did not look up from his desk when I entered.我進(jìn)去的時(shí)候，他連頭也沒(méi)抬。在這句話的look up中，look是它的本義“看”、“瞧”。look up一般表示原先在埋頭干什么之后抬頭看：

look up(from sth.)to raise your eyes when you are looking down at sth.(在低頭看某物時(shí))抬頭往上看 e.g.我進(jìn)房間時(shí)，她從書本上抬起頭來(lái)看了看。

She looked up from her book as I entered the room.他聽到聲音后就抬起了頭。(原先在讀書)He looked up(from his book)when he heard a noise.look up vi.(informal)(of business, sb’s situation, etc.生意、某人的情況等)to become better好轉(zhuǎn)；改善：e.g.情況終于開始好轉(zhuǎn)了。At last things were beginning to look up.look sb.up [no passive](informal)to visit or make contact with sb., esp.when you have not seen them for a long time(尤指在久別之后)拜訪，看望，接觸：

e.g.你下次到倫敦，一定來(lái)看我。Do look me up the next time you’re in London.look sth.up to look for information in a dictionary or reference book(在詞典或參考書中)查閱，查檢 e.g.你查一查下一班火車的時(shí)間好嗎？Can you look up the time of the next train?

我在詞典里查過(guò)這個(gè)詞。I looked it up in the dictionary.5.After I had sat down, he said that business was very bad.待我坐下后，他說(shuō)生意非常不景氣。

6.He told me that the firm could not afford to pay such large salaries.Twenty people had already left.他還告訴我，公司支付不起這么龐大的工資開支，有20個(gè)人已經(jīng)離去。1)afford

[?'f?:d] v.1.[no passive](usually used with can, could or be able to, esp.in negative sentences or questions通常與can、could或be able to連用，尤用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句)to have enough money or time to be able to buy or to do sth.買得起;(有時(shí)間)做，能做：

e.g.[vn] 我們今年買得起/買不起小汽車。We can/can’t afford a car this year.她覺(jué)得再也抽不出時(shí)間歇班了。She felt she couldn’t afford any more time off work.[v to inf] 今年夏天我們沒(méi)有足夠的錢去國(guó)外。We can’t afford to go abroad this summer.[vn to inf] 那時(shí)他沒(méi)有錢旅行。He couldn’t then afford the money to go on the trip.2.[no passive](usually used with can or could, esp.in negative sentences and questions通常與can或could連用，尤用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句)if you say that you can’t afford to do sth., you mean that you should not do it because it will cause problems for you if you do承擔(dān)得起(后果)： e.g.[v to inf] 我們對(duì)這個(gè)警告決不能等閑視之。We cannot afford to ignore this warning.我不能再病了。I can’t afford to be ill again.[vn] 我們不能再有任何耽擱了。We cannot afford any more delays.我只能為這次旅行抽出一周的時(shí)間。I can only afford one week for the trip.3.(formal)to provide sb.with sth.提供，給予：

e.g.[vnn] 那天晚上瑪麗為我們提供了一個(gè)房間過(guò)夜。Mary afforded us a room for the night.這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃給年輕人提供了獲得工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)的機(jī)會(huì)。

The programme ['pr?ugr?m](AmE program)affords young people the chance to gain work experience.affordability [?,f?:d?'b?l?ti] n.[u]

affordable [?'f?:d?bl] adj.e.g.付得起的價(jià)格 affordable prices 2)such和so都可以用來(lái)表示程度，意思是“如此；這樣”，但用法卻不相同。

1．such是形容詞，用來(lái)修飾名詞，名詞前有無(wú)形容詞都可以；so是副詞，用來(lái)修飾形容詞或副詞，形容詞后可以省略名詞。例如：

He is such a（big）fool．他是個(gè)（大）傻瓜。

He is so foolish（a man）．他是如此愚蠢（的一個(gè)人）。

2．單數(shù)名詞前有不定冠詞與形容詞時(shí)，so和such的位置不同。前者為“so＋形容詞＋冠詞＋名詞”，后者為“such＋冠詞＋形容詞＋名詞”。例如：

I know such a clever boy．我認(rèn)識(shí)如此聰明的一個(gè)男孩。

I know so clever a boy．我認(rèn)識(shí)如此聰明的一個(gè)男孩。

3．so后即使有形容詞，也不能修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，而such則可以。例如：

They are such useful books．它們是如此有用的書。

He gave us such good food．他給了我們這么好的食物。

4．名詞前有表示“多、少”意義的many，much，few，little等修飾詞時(shí)，要用so，不用such。例如：

There are so many flowers in our school garden．我們學(xué)校的花園里有那么多的花。

You'll find English a bridge to so much knowledge．你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)英語(yǔ)是通向如此豐富知識(shí)的橋梁。

I have so little money that I can't lend you any．我的錢很少，不能借給你。

5．當(dāng)little表示“小”的意思修飾可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，其前只能用such，不能用so。例如：

I have never seen such little sheep before．我以前從沒(méi)見過(guò)這么小的綿羊。7.I knew that my turn had come.我知道這次該輪到我了。turn在這里是名詞，意為“輪流”、“輪班”、“(依次輪流時(shí)各自的)一次機(jī)會(huì)”： e.g.我已經(jīng)問(wèn)了兩個(gè)問(wèn)題。該輪到你了。I have already asked two questions.Now it’s your turn.輪到他時(shí)，他卻一個(gè)字也說(shuō)不出來(lái)。When his turn came, he couldn’t speak any word.8.'Mr.Harmsworth,' I said in a weak voice.“哈姆斯沃斯先生，”我無(wú)力地說(shuō)。

'Don't interrupt,' he said.“不要打斷我的話，”他說(shuō)。1)weak 在這里不是指身體虛弱，而是指聲音“微弱”、“無(wú)力”，因?yàn)榕卤婚_除而感到緊張。weak [wi:k] adj.(weaker, weakest)1.not physically strong 虛弱的；無(wú)力的

e.g.她病后仍然虛弱。She is still weak after her illness.2.that cannot support a lot of weight;likely to break不牢固的；易損壞的；易破的

e.g.那座橋梁不太牢固，承受不住過(guò)多的車輛。That bridge is too weak to carry heavy traffic.3.easy to influence;not having much power 易受影響的，懦弱的；軟弱無(wú)力的 e.g.軟弱無(wú)力的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人；弱國(guó) a weak leader/country 在這個(gè)行業(yè)，工會(huì)一直沒(méi)有權(quán)威。The unions have always been weak in this industry.4.not financially strong or successful 疲軟的；蕭條的 e.g.疲軟的經(jīng)濟(jì)/市場(chǎng) a weak economy/market 5.~(in sth.)not good at sth.不善于；不擅長(zhǎng)；(能力)弱的，差的

e.g.我總是學(xué)不好理科。I was always weak in the science subjects.(文科：the liberal arts)6.that people are not likely to believe or be persuaded by不能令人信服的；不能說(shuō)服人的 e.g.無(wú)說(shuō)服力的證據(jù) weak evidence 7.not easily seen or heard微弱的；隱約的e.g.微弱的光線/信號(hào)/聲音 a weak light/signal/sound 8.~point/spot(n.1.斑點(diǎn)2.污跡，臟點(diǎn)3.地點(diǎn)，場(chǎng)所4.~of sth 少量；一點(diǎn))the part of a person’s character, an argument(論據(jù)，論點(diǎn)), etc.that is easy to attack or criticize弱點(diǎn)；缺點(diǎn)；不足之處 e.g.這個(gè)隊(duì)的弱點(diǎn)在防守。The team’s weak points are in defence.IDM:

1.weak at the knees(informal)hardly able to stand because of emotion, fear, illness, etc.(因激動(dòng)、恐懼、疾病等)兩腿發(fā)軟

e.g.他突然笑了笑使得她兩膝發(fā)軟。His sudden smile made her go weak at the knees.2.the weak link(in the chain)the point at which a system or an organization is most likely to fail薄弱環(huán)節(jié) e.g.她徑直攻擊他的辯論中的一個(gè)薄弱環(huán)節(jié)。

She went straight for the one weak link in the chain of his argument.weaken [?wi:k?n] v.1.to make sb./sth.less strong or powerful;to become less strong or powerful(使)虛弱，衰弱；減弱；削弱 opposite: strengthen e.g.[vn] 這個(gè)隊(duì)因傷實(shí)力減弱。The team has been weakened by injury.[v] 他的權(quán)威日趨減弱。His authority is steadily(adv.穩(wěn)步地，持續(xù)地，勻速地)weakening.2.to make sb.less physically strong;to become less physically strong(使)虛弱，衰弱

e.g.[vn] 爆炸松動(dòng)了這座樓房的地基。The explosion had weakened the building’s foundations.[v] 她覺(jué)得兩腿無(wú)力。She felt her legs weaken.3.to become or make sb.become less determined or certain about sth.使(肯定程度)減弱；動(dòng)搖；猶豫

e.g.[vn] 什么也不能削弱他繼續(xù)下去的決心。Nothing could weaken his resolve to continue.(resolve [ri?z?lv] n.[u]~(to do sth.)(formal)strong determination to achieve sth.決心；堅(jiān)定的信念 v.1.vt.解決(問(wèn)題或困難)2.~(on sth./on doing sth)決心；決定)weakly adv.in a weak way 虛弱地；軟弱無(wú)力地；懦弱地；冷淡地 weakness n.1.[u] lack of strength, power or determination軟弱；虛弱；疲軟；衰弱；懦弱 2.[c] a weak point in a system, sb.’s character, etc.(系統(tǒng)、性格等的)弱點(diǎn)，缺點(diǎn)，不足

3.[c, usually sing.] ~(for sth./sb.)difficult in resisting sth./sb.that you like very much(對(duì)人或事物的)迷戀，無(wú)法抗拒：e.g.他愛吃巧克力。He has a weakness for chocolate.2)interrupt [??nt??r?pt] v.1.~(sb./sth.)(with sth.)to say or do sth.that makes sb.stop what they are saying or doing插嘴；打擾；打岔

e.g.[v] 對(duì)不起打擾一下，有人要見你。Sorry to interrupt, but there’s someone to see you.請(qǐng)你別老是插嘴好嗎？Would you mind not interrupting all the time?

[vn] 我希望我沒(méi)有打攪你。I hope I’m not interrupting you.他們被敲門聲打斷了。They were interrupted by a knock at the door.2.vt.to stop the continuous progress of sth.for a short time暫停；中斷：

e.g.比賽因下雨中斷了幾次。The game was interrupted several times by rain.3.vt.to stop a line, surface, view, etc.from being even or continuous阻斷，遮擋(連續(xù)線條、平面、景色等)interruption [??nt??r?p?n] n.[c, u] 1.something that temporarily([?temp??rer?l?] adv.暫時(shí)地)stops an activity or a situation;a time when an activity is stopped阻斷物；中斷時(shí)間

e.g.我總算連續(xù)工作了兩小時(shí)。I managed to work for two hours without interruption.2.the act of interrupting sb./sth.and of stopping them from speaking打擾；插嘴；打岔： e.g.他沒(méi)有理會(huì)她的打岔。He ignored her interruptions.她連續(xù)講了20分鐘。She spoke for 20 minutes without interruption.9.Then he smiled and told me I would receive an extra thousand pounds a year!然后他微笑了一下告訴我說(shuō)，我每年將得到1,000 英鎊的額外收入。1)extra [?ekstr?] adj., n., adv.adj.more than is usual, expected, or than exists already額外的；分外的；外加的；附加的synonym: additional

e.g.星期天我通常要多睡一會(huì)兒。On Sundays, I usually get some extra sleep.他上個(gè)月多得了100英鎊。Last month, he was paid an extra hundred pounds.供應(yīng)早餐，不另收費(fèi)。Breakfast is provided at no extra charge.今晚在路上要格外小心。Take extra care on the roads this evening.我需要一些額外的錢。I need some extra money.n.1.a thing that is added to sth.that is not usual, standard or necessary and that costs more(sth added, for which an extra charge is made)額外的事物；另外收費(fèi)的事物： e.g.在這家旅店熱水浴另外收費(fèi)。At this hotel a hot bath is an extra.2.a special edition([i?di??n] n.版次，版本；（報(bào)紙、雜志的）一份；)(=one printing)of a newspaper[報(bào)紙的]號(hào)外 e.g.晚間最新號(hào)外！Late evening extra!3.a person who is employed to play a very small part in a film/movie, usually as a member of a crowd(電影里的)臨時(shí)演員，群眾演員

e.g.我們拍攝戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)場(chǎng)面需要數(shù)百名臨時(shí)演員。We need hundreds of extras for the battle scenes.adv.1.in addition;more than is usual, expected, or exists already(additional(ly);beyond what is usual or necessary)額外；另外；外加 e.g.另外收費(fèi)；另付；額外花費(fèi) to charge/pay/cost extra

晚飯的價(jià)錢是三英鎊，酒水另計(jì)。Dinner costs 3 pounds, and wine is extra.他們對(duì)酒水另外收錢。They charge extra for wine.[用于名詞后] 我不得不另付三英鎊。I had to pay ￡3 extra.2.(with an adjective or adverb與形容詞或副詞連用)more than usually 特別；格外；分外： e.g.我要特別努力地工作。I’m going to work extra hard.你要格外小心，別犯錯(cuò)誤。You need to be extra careful not to make any mistakes.extra time(BrE)(AmE overtime)n.[u](sport體)(足球比賽等的)加時(shí)賽

e.g.他們?cè)诩訒r(shí)賽中僅踢進(jìn)一球即獲勝。They won by a single goal after extra time.extra-[?ekstr?] prefix(in adjectives構(gòu)成形容詞)1.outside;beyond在?之外；超出；越出

e.g.extra-curricular [k??rikjul?] adj.[only before noun] 課外的；課程以外的

curricular adj.課程的 curriculum [k??rikjul?m] n.(pl.curricula)(學(xué)校等的)全部課程 2.(informal)very;more than usual非常；格外；十分 e.g.特別瘦 extra-thin 十分特別 extra-special 2)a在這里可譯為“每一”：(thrice adv.三次；三倍)e.g.我每月去一次倫敦。I went to London once a month.杰克每天給瑪麗打四次電話。Jack telephoned Mary four times a day.Grammar in use 間接引語(yǔ)(Indirect speech)把某人所說(shuō)的話告訴另外一個(gè)人時(shí)，應(yīng)該使用間接引語(yǔ)(有的語(yǔ)法書稱之為“轉(zhuǎn)述引語(yǔ)”)。引述動(dòng)詞(如say, tell)可能是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，也可能是過(guò)去時(shí)(最常用)。間接陳述句的時(shí)態(tài)往往受引述動(dòng)詞的影響。引述陳述句時(shí)最常用的動(dòng)詞是say和tell。它們之間的區(qū)別是tell后面必須跟表示人稱的間接賓語(yǔ)(tell sb.?)，而say后面則可跟或不跟to+講話對(duì)象。如果需要提到聽話者，tell+間接賓語(yǔ)通常比say+to+sb.更常用。在say和tell后面一般不可加逗號(hào)。如果間接引語(yǔ)中的引述動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，那么其后的時(shí)態(tài)通常與原來(lái)口頭陳述句的時(shí)態(tài)相同。轉(zhuǎn)述剛剛說(shuō)完的話時(shí)通常如此；引述動(dòng)詞如果是過(guò)去時(shí)，那么間接引語(yǔ)中的時(shí)態(tài)通常要“往回移”(即“倒移”)。一條普遍的規(guī)則是“現(xiàn)在時(shí)變?yōu)檫^(guò)去時(shí)，過(guò)去時(shí)變?yōu)檫^(guò)去完成時(shí)”。直接引語(yǔ)：

e.g.“我現(xiàn)在可以見他！” “I can see him now!” 間接引語(yǔ)：

老板說(shuō)他現(xiàn)在可以見你。

The boss says(that)he can see you now./ The boss said(that)he could see you now.為什么你現(xiàn)在不能見老板？Why can’t you see the boss now? 他的秘書(告訴我)說(shuō)他現(xiàn)在不在。His secretary tells me/says that he is away now.--史密斯先生沒(méi)見你嗎？Didn’t Mr.Smith see you?--沒(méi)有，他的秘書(告訴我)說(shuō)他已經(jīng)回家了。

No, his secretary told me/said that he had gone home.7

第二篇：新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)

新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè) 第68課詞組(2013-02-20 23:14:19)

轉(zhuǎn)載▼

分類： 新概念英語(yǔ)第2冊(cè)輔導(dǎo)

本課重點(diǎn)：在若干動(dòng)詞及詞組后的動(dòng)名詞(ing)

一、詞組

no matter how 不管怎樣

wave to＝signal to 打招呼, 招手

just in time 剛好，不遲不早＝only just

insist on 堅(jiān)持

prevent…form 避免

follow around 跟著轉(zhuǎn)

there(be)plenty 有不少……

二、跟ing的動(dòng)詞及詞組

avoid meeting him 避開他

come running 跑過(guò)來(lái)

it was no use pretending 假裝沒(méi)有用

enjoy meeting him 喜歡見他

insist on coming 堅(jiān)持要來(lái)

(be)busy doing… 忙著干

(would you)mind opening 你是否介意打開……(請(qǐng)你打開……)finish speaking 講完了

fancy meeting 真想不到見著……

it’s not worth worrying 不值得擔(dān)心

I can’t stand shouting 不能容忍大叫大嚷 smell(something)burning 聞到什么燒焦味

go dancing(swimming，shopping)去跳舞(游泳, 購(gòu)物)forgive(somebody)for being rude 原諒別人鹵莽

三、come和現(xiàn)在分詞連用表示“來(lái)”的方式：come十ing wind came blowing 風(fēng)吹來(lái)

letters of thanks came pouring in 感謝信不斷涌來(lái) she came hurrying in 她匆忙趕回來(lái)

第三篇：新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè) (72)

Lesson 72

A car called bluebird

“藍(lán)鳥”汽車

First listen and then answer the question.聽錄音，然后回答以下問(wèn)題。

What mistake was made?

The great racing driver, Sir Malcolm Campbell, was the first man to drive at over 300 miles per hour.He set up a new world record in September 1935 at Bonneville Salt Flats, Utah.Bluebird, the car he was driving, had been specially built for him.It was over 30 feet in length and had a 2,500-horsepower engine.Although Campbell reached a speed of over 304 miles per hour, he had great difficulty in controlling the car because a tyre burst during the first run.After his attempt, Campbell was disappointed to learn that his average speed had been 299 miles per hour.However, a few days later, he was told that a mistake had been made.His average speed had been 301 miles per hour.Since that time, racing drivers have reached speeds over 600 miles an hour.Following in his father's footsteps many years later, Sir Malcolm's son, Donald, also set up a world record.Like his father, he was driving a car called Bluebird.New words and expressions 生詞和短語(yǔ)

racingn.競(jìng)賽

perprep.每Utahn.猶他（美國(guó)州名）

horsepowern.馬力

burstv.爆裂

averageadj.平均的footstepn.足跡

參考譯文

杰出的賽車選手馬爾科姆.坎貝爾爵士是第一個(gè)以每小時(shí)超過(guò)300英里的速度駕車的人。他于1935年9月在猶他州的邦納維爾鹽灘創(chuàng)造了一項(xiàng)新的世界紀(jì)錄。他駕駛的“藍(lán)鳥”牌汽車是專門為他制造的。它的車身長(zhǎng)30英尺，有一個(gè)2,500 馬力的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)。盡管坎貝爾達(dá)到了每小時(shí)超過(guò)304英里的速度，但他很難把汽車控制住，因?yàn)樵陂_始的行程中爆了一只輪胎。比賽結(jié)束后，坎貝爾非常失望地得知他的平均時(shí)速是299英里。然而，幾天之后，有人告訴他說(shuō)弄錯(cuò)了。他的平均時(shí)速實(shí)際是301英里。從那時(shí)以來(lái)，賽車選手已達(dá)到每小時(shí)600英里的速度。很多年之后，馬爾科姆爵士的兒子唐納德踏著父親的足跡，也創(chuàng)造了一項(xiàng)世界紀(jì)錄。同他父親一樣，他也駕駛著一輛名叫“藍(lán)鳥”的汽車。

第四篇：新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)教學(xué)大綱

新概念第二冊(cè)教學(xué)大綱

第一課時(shí)：Lesson1&Lesson2 知識(shí)點(diǎn)1.基本語(yǔ)法時(shí)態(tài)

知識(shí)點(diǎn)2.三大句型轉(zhuǎn)換(陳述句、感嘆句、疑問(wèn)句)第二課時(shí)：Lesson3&Lesson4 知識(shí)點(diǎn)1.一般過(guò)去式 知識(shí)點(diǎn)2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

知識(shí)點(diǎn)3.動(dòng)詞規(guī)則變化及動(dòng)詞不規(guī)則變化表 第三課時(shí)：Lesson5&Lesson6 知識(shí)點(diǎn)1.一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的差異 知識(shí)點(diǎn)2.冠詞與限定詞 第四課時(shí)：Lesson7&Lesson8 知識(shí)點(diǎn)1．過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)與連詞（when,while）知識(shí)點(diǎn)2.形容詞與副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí) 第五課時(shí)：Lesson9&Lesson10 知識(shí)點(diǎn)1.表示時(shí)間的介詞 知識(shí)點(diǎn)2.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

第六課時(shí)：Lesson1-10綜合復(fù)習(xí)1 注意點(diǎn)1.綜合復(fù)習(xí)1-10出現(xiàn)的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn) 注意點(diǎn)2.通過(guò)測(cè)試卷進(jìn)行綜合測(cè)試，查漏補(bǔ)缺 第七課時(shí)：Lesson11&Lesson12 知識(shí)點(diǎn)1.復(fù)習(xí)前6課的語(yǔ)法，知識(shí)點(diǎn)2.學(xué)習(xí)一般將來(lái)時(shí) 第八課時(shí)：Lesson13&Lesson14 知識(shí)點(diǎn)1.將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí) 知識(shí)點(diǎn)2.過(guò)去完成時(shí)

第九課時(shí)：Lesson15&Lesson16 知識(shí)點(diǎn)1.間接引語(yǔ) 知識(shí)點(diǎn)2.條件從句

第十課時(shí)：Lesson17&Lesson18 知識(shí)點(diǎn)1.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 MUST 知識(shí)點(diǎn)2.助動(dòng)詞/動(dòng)詞HAVE 第十一課時(shí)：Lesson19&Lesson20 知識(shí)點(diǎn)1.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞CAN MAY 知識(shí)點(diǎn)2.動(dòng)名詞解析

第十二課時(shí)：Lesson11-20綜合復(fù)習(xí)注意點(diǎn)1.綜合復(fù)習(xí)11-20出現(xiàn)的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn) 注意點(diǎn)2.通過(guò)測(cè)試卷進(jìn)行綜合測(cè)試，查漏補(bǔ)缺 第十三課時(shí)：Lesson21&Lesson22 知識(shí)點(diǎn)1.各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 知識(shí)點(diǎn)2.常見動(dòng)詞搭配的介詞 第十四課時(shí)：Lesson23&Lesson24 知識(shí)點(diǎn): 復(fù)習(xí)前二十二的語(yǔ)法及難點(diǎn)部分 第十五課時(shí)：Lesson25&Lesson26 知識(shí)點(diǎn)1.并列句 知識(shí)點(diǎn)2.常見連詞

第十六課時(shí)：Lesson27&Lesson28 知識(shí)點(diǎn)1.一般過(guò)去時(shí) 知識(shí)點(diǎn)2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)精講 知識(shí)點(diǎn)3.從句中的關(guān)系代詞 第十七課時(shí)：Lesson29&30 知識(shí)點(diǎn)1.對(duì)比一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 知識(shí)點(diǎn)2.定冠詞與各種限定詞 第十八課時(shí)：Lesson31&Lesson32 知識(shí)點(diǎn)1 掌握 “used to do” 及 “use”的短語(yǔ);知識(shí)點(diǎn) 2比較狀語(yǔ)從句總結(jié) 第十九課時(shí)：Lesson33&Lesson34 知識(shí)點(diǎn)1 復(fù)習(xí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)；

知識(shí)點(diǎn)2 復(fù)習(xí)before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。第二十課時(shí)：Lesson35&Lesson36 知識(shí)點(diǎn)1.總結(jié)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句 知識(shí)點(diǎn)2.一般將來(lái)時(shí)總結(jié) 第二十一課時(shí)：Lesson37&38 知識(shí)點(diǎn)1.虛擬語(yǔ)氣之一 知識(shí)點(diǎn)2.將來(lái)完成時(shí) 第二十二課時(shí)：Lesson37&38

第五篇：新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)

新概念英語(yǔ)二冊(cè)語(yǔ)法詳解和總結(jié)

《

一、學(xué)習(xí)前的準(zhǔn)備

《新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)》旨在全面訓(xùn)練學(xué)生的4項(xiàng)技能、理解、口語(yǔ)、閱讀、寫作。使學(xué)生具有使用語(yǔ)言的能力。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，具有以下知識(shí)便可進(jìn)入《新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)》的學(xué)習(xí)：

1、動(dòng)詞be與have現(xiàn)在時(shí)與過(guò)去時(shí)的基本用法。

2、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，能夠識(shí)別并懂得如何構(gòu)成。

3、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：能夠識(shí)別；懂得動(dòng)詞第3人稱單數(shù)上添加-s,-es, 或-ies后綴。

4、一般過(guò)去時(shí)：能夠識(shí)別并會(huì)運(yùn)用常見的規(guī)劃動(dòng)詞與不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)形態(tài)。

5、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：能夠識(shí)別。

6、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（一般）：能夠識(shí)別。

7、過(guò)去完成時(shí)：能夠識(shí)別。

8、將來(lái)時(shí)：能夠認(rèn)識(shí)并運(yùn)用going to, shall與will構(gòu)成將來(lái)時(shí)。

9、助動(dòng)詞：can, may與must的基本用法；能夠識(shí)別could, might與would的形式。

10、能夠用do/does/did等助動(dòng)詞造疑問(wèn)句與否定句；能運(yùn)用疑問(wèn)代詞與副詞。

11、能夠回答以助動(dòng)詞與疑問(wèn)詞開頭的問(wèn)句。

12、副詞：能夠用-ly與-ily后綴組成副詞；能夠識(shí)別well, hard, fast等特例。

13、冠詞：定冠詞與不定冠詞。懂得a/an/the的基本用法；some, any, no, much, many, a lot of 接可數(shù)、不可數(shù)名詞的用法。

14、名詞：能夠用-s,-es，-ves后綴組成名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式；會(huì)用常見的不規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)形式：men, women, children, teeth r等形式。

15、代詞：人稱代詞、所有格代詞、反身代詞；所有符號(hào)“'”加s('s)。

16、形容詞：基本用法；規(guī)則的比較級(jí)；不規(guī)則的比較級(jí)：good, bad, much與little.17、介詞：常見的地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、方位介詞的用法。

18、關(guān)系代詞：能夠識(shí)別并使用who/whom, which/that。

19、this/that;these/those。

20、省略形式：it's, I'm, isn't, didn't等。

21、There is/it is;there are/they are。

22、祈使句。

23、一周7天的名稱、日期、季節(jié)、數(shù)字、時(shí)辰（今天、昨天、明天等）。

24、報(bào)時(shí)。

二、新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)總結(jié)和詳解

1.簡(jiǎn)單句的結(jié)構(gòu):

主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+狀語(yǔ)（地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)+方式狀語(yǔ)+時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)還可以放在句首

2.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

感嘆句：what+名詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)，how+形容詞/副詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)

頻度副詞：位于主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)之間，常見頻度副詞及其程度的深淺： always, often, usually, frequently, sometimes, hardly, rarely, seldom, never I always buy CDs on Sundays.3.一般過(guò)去時(shí)

直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)：

主語(yǔ)＋及物動(dòng)詞＋間接賓語(yǔ)＋直接賓語(yǔ)

直接賓語(yǔ)是及物動(dòng)詞的直接對(duì)象，間接賓語(yǔ)是及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作所涉及的人或事務(wù)，也可以說(shuō)間接賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作是對(duì)誰(shuí)做的，或者是為誰(shuí)做的。所以間接賓語(yǔ)要用名詞或者賓格代詞來(lái)?yè)?dān)當(dāng)。

He gives me a book.me間接賓語(yǔ), a book直接賓語(yǔ)

直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)的位置調(diào)換時(shí)要加一個(gè)介詞to或for，to表示動(dòng)作對(duì)誰(shuí)而做，for表示動(dòng)作為誰(shuí)而做。

主語(yǔ)＋及物動(dòng)詞＋直接賓語(yǔ)＋介詞+間接賓語(yǔ) Give the book to me.Send a letter to him.I bought a coat for my mother.4.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，注意頻度及時(shí)間副詞的位置 receive/take

5.復(fù)習(xí)：一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別

in the way/on the way/in this way/by the way/in a way/get out of my way/Don’t stand in my way./by the way/no way

spare/to spare

6.冠詞用法

（一）1．不定冠詞用于修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，當(dāng)一個(gè)單詞的第一個(gè)發(fā)音為元音時(shí)要用冠詞an, 如果是輔音用a即可。

2．不定冠詞還可以用來(lái)修飾一類事物，有時(shí)候也可以省略： A cat is a lovely animal.Cat is a lovely animal.3．不可數(shù)名詞加冠詞表示一類事物：Apple is a fruit.4．如果特制某人,某物或上文提過(guò)的人或物時(shí)要用定冠詞the 5．Some表示一些，可以修飾可數(shù)名詞及不可數(shù)名詞。

6．在姓名，城市，地名，過(guò)名，月份，節(jié)日，星期前不加冠詞，季節(jié)前也一般不加，特指時(shí)加。

put on/take off/look for/look after/knock at/knock sth.off/knock off/knock %off/knock over/knock out

7.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) 短語(yǔ)：在短語(yǔ)中動(dòng)詞后面的介詞或副詞叫小品詞，有些小品詞既可以緊跟在動(dòng)詞后面也可以跟在動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)后面，而有些則只能緊跟著動(dòng)詞使用。

8.形容詞的比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)

單音節(jié)詞的比較級(jí)最高級(jí)：

?直接加-er,-est: small-smaller, smallest ?以e結(jié)尾的加-r,-st: large-larger, largest

?以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞變y為i加-er,-est: busy-busier, busiest

?重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的詞，雙寫最后一個(gè)輔音字母再加-er,-est：big-bigger, biggest

以ow, er, le結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞和個(gè)別單音節(jié)詞也直接加-er,-est：narrow, common, clever, simple，polite, quiet…

多音節(jié)詞及雙音節(jié)詞：more/less, most/lest

不規(guī)則變化：good/bad/many/little/far…

少數(shù)單音節(jié)詞也要通過(guò)加more/less, most/lest構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)：pleased, glad, tired, fond，注意：形容詞最高級(jí)前面要加定冠詞the 不定代詞的用法，如果不定代詞做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)：Everyone is here.enter/enter for

9.介詞（表示時(shí)間）?in:

表示一天中的某段時(shí)間：in the morning/afternoon/evening 表示月份/年份：in March, in 1990 表示季節(jié)：in spring/winter

in+一段時(shí)間可以表示在一段時(shí)間之內(nèi)也可以表示在一段時(shí)間之后，可以與現(xiàn)在時(shí)，過(guò)去時(shí)和將來(lái)時(shí)連用。

?on:

表示星期：on Monday 表示具體日期：on June 1st

表示具體時(shí)間：on that day/that evening/on that night ?at:

表示確切時(shí)間：at 10 o’clock

表示用餐時(shí)間：at lunch time/teatime

表示其他時(shí)刻：at noon/night/midnight, at this time ?during+一段時(shí)間 ?from…till ?till/untill直到

not any=no，語(yǔ)氣更強(qiáng) 10.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：

結(jié)構(gòu)：be+過(guò)去分詞 用法：

?主語(yǔ)不清或不需要提及時(shí)

I was born in 1999.The apple was eaten.?強(qiáng)調(diào)不同的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，為了說(shuō)明動(dòng)作是誰(shuí)做的，用by+動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者 The policeman caught the thief.The thief was caught by the policeman.Be made in/be made of/be made from/be made by 雙重名詞所有格：

one of +形容詞性物主代詞/名詞所有格+名詞復(fù)數(shù) 單數(shù)名詞+of+名詞性物主代詞/名詞所有格

one of my father’s friends/a friend of my father’s one of my friends/a friend of mine one of your records/a record of yours 1.復(fù)習(xí)

動(dòng)詞不定式做賓補(bǔ)的用法：

want/help/ask/teach/advise sb.to do, 代詞要用賓格形式 borrow/lend, salary/wages 2.一般將來(lái)時(shí)：

be going to結(jié)構(gòu)的用法 be+副詞詞組：

be away/be back/be out/be in/be over/be on/be up to sb./sth.set out=set off, set up=create 3.將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)： 名詞所有格：

如果名詞復(fù)數(shù)以S結(jié)尾一般只加‘，如果名詞是以S結(jié)尾的專有名詞如人名，可以加’S, 也可以直接加‘，如：Keats’ work, the Johns’ house

名詞所有格也可以用來(lái)表示無(wú)生命的 1． 時(shí)間：today’s, new centry’s

2． 國(guó)家，城市名詞：the country’s, the city’s

3． 機(jī)構(gòu)組織：the station’s waiting room, the university’s library 4． 車，船，用具: the car’s wheel, the computer’s harddisk 5． 專有結(jié)構(gòu)：at one’s wit’s end, 6． 價(jià)值：ten pound’s worth of meat, 7． 時(shí)間：in twenty minutes’ time 4.過(guò)去完成時(shí)： ask/ask for

except/except for/apart from

which of/neither of/both of/neither of 5.直接引語(yǔ)/間接引語(yǔ)

（一）如果引語(yǔ)的主句所用動(dòng)詞為過(guò)去時(shí)，那么間接引語(yǔ)要做相應(yīng)變化：時(shí)態(tài)，人稱，時(shí)間地點(diǎn)及指示詞

?時(shí)態(tài)變化：

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)——一般過(guò)去時(shí) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)——過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) 一般過(guò)去時(shí)——過(guò)去完成時(shí) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)——過(guò)去完成時(shí) 一般將來(lái)時(shí)——過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)

be going to——was/were going to/would can----------------could may---------------might

?時(shí)間地點(diǎn)及指示詞的變化：

here—there, tomorrow—the next day, the following day, this—that… ?人稱變化：根據(jù)句意改變?nèi)朔Q。Nervous/irritable

Office/study/desk afford

6.條件狀語(yǔ)從句：主句用將來(lái)時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)“能夠”，“必須”還可以用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

police/policeman

pay attention to/care for/take care of remind/remember

one/you可以指任何人：

One must never tell lies.You must never tell lies.7.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞： must/have to

as作為介詞，以…身份，與like相同

as作為連詞，因?yàn)?，正?dāng)。。時(shí)候，以。。方式，如同。。那樣 dress/suit/costume grow/grow up 8.have用法

give in, give away, give up, give up beside/besides

9.can/could/may/might

might as well表示“還是。。的好”，“還不如。?！?He will never pass.He might as well give up.10.動(dòng)名詞： 動(dòng)名詞 1． 動(dòng)詞的-ing形式在起名詞作用時(shí)稱為動(dòng)名詞。動(dòng)名詞可以做主語(yǔ)，標(biāo)語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，介詞賓語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)（即復(fù)合名詞）

2． 動(dòng)名詞的幾種形式：

主動(dòng)形式 被動(dòng)形式

一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done

3.做主語(yǔ)：

Finding work is difficult now.Watching TV is my favorite pastime.4.做表語(yǔ)：

My main hobby is reading.One of her duties is growing roses.My job is teaching.5.做賓語(yǔ)：

I like taking with famous people.We enjoy learning English.The flowers need watering.6.介詞賓語(yǔ)：

He is fond of watching football matches.He went away without saying a word.常用的一些加動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞詞組（注意總結(jié)）：take part in, look forward to , insist on, be interested in，7.做定語(yǔ)：

waiting room, swimming pool, washing machine, reading room, living room, drinking fountain(引水機(jī))，parking slot…

8.動(dòng)名詞的否定： 在動(dòng)名詞前面加not，I am sorry for not asking you.Interested/interesting, excited/exciting, amused/amusing 1.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

（二）will/must/can/would/could/have to be done have/has been done must have been done drive 用法 home/house

2.介詞用法：見書 3.復(fù)習(xí)

there be句型

it做為虛主語(yǔ)可以用來(lái)表示時(shí)間，天氣，溫度，距離，人或指代一個(gè)句子或不定式。

4.Summary of Unit two 5.并列句

我們可以將幾個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句連在一起,組成并列句,常用以下連詞:

and, but, so, yet, or, both…and, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but …as well, not only…but also

主謂一致:

?當(dāng)主語(yǔ)由and , both…and 連接時(shí),通常用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ).Both the girls and the boy are his friends.?當(dāng)主語(yǔ)由neither… nor, either…or, not only…but also或or 連接時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與 nor, or, but also后面的一致,在英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法中，這被稱為就近一致.Neither he nor I am going to the airport.Not only Mary but also her parents have gone abroad.6.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的復(fù)習(xí),狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞,標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的使用.以下一些動(dòng)詞很少用與進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài):

appear(看起來(lái)), appreciate(鑒賞), believe(相信), feel(感覺(jué)到), forget(忘記), hear(聽見), know(知道), like(喜歡), look like(看起來(lái)像), notice(注意到), remember(記得), resemble(形似), see(看到), think(認(rèn)為), understand(理解), have(擁有),love(愛), seem(看起來(lái)), show(顯示), mind(介意), sound(聽起來(lái)), hate(討厭), detest(憎恨), desire(意欲)，引號(hào):

?引號(hào)位于一行之上,應(yīng)該在句尾其他標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào), 如逗號(hào),句號(hào),問(wèn)好之外.?引語(yǔ)的第一個(gè)詞以大寫字母開頭.?在said, asked, 等詞后面用逗號(hào),只有當(dāng)它們位于句尾時(shí)才在它們后面用句號(hào).?當(dāng)said, asked等詞置于引語(yǔ)之間時(shí),句子的后半部分以小寫開頭.?當(dāng)一個(gè)新的說(shuō)話人開始講話時(shí), 要另起一個(gè)段落.7.復(fù)習(xí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)/不規(guī)則過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞

常用不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞在英語(yǔ)里約有300多個(gè)

put up(搭建), put out(撲滅), put on(穿上), put sb.up(為某人安排住宿), put up with(容忍), put down(抄寫), put off(推遲), put away(放好，放到一邊去)

8.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)復(fù)習(xí)/定語(yǔ)從句(見復(fù)合句部分)?與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間副詞:

yet, just, before, recently, lately, ever, never，so far(迄今為止), up till now(直到現(xiàn)在), up to now(直到現(xiàn)在), since(自從), for a long time(很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間), in the past/in the last few years(在過(guò)去的幾年里), these days(目前)，?某些非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞(動(dòng)作開始變終止的動(dòng)詞), 在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中不

能與表示一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)搭配:

例如:die, arrive, join, leave, go, refuse , fail, finish, buy, marry, divorce, awake, buy, borrow, lend, 這些動(dòng)詞并非不能用在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),而是不能接由for引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ).但是用在否定句中，非延續(xù)動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用.Jane has gone away for a month.(wrong)Jane has been away for a month.(right)His father has died for two years.(wrong)His father has been dead for two years.(right)

has gone to(去了某地,指人還在那里), have been to(去過(guò)某地, 人已經(jīng)不在那里了)。

9.一般過(guò)去時(shí)對(duì)比過(guò)去完成時(shí),現(xiàn)在分詞/過(guò)去分詞 refuse/deny, bring/take/fetch, very/too 10.冠詞用法 定冠詞用法(1)特指

(2)地理名詞前加定冠詞 ?河流the yellow river ?山脈

the Alps, the Himalayas

?海峽海灣the Taiwan Straits, the English Channel(3)由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前要加定冠詞

?國(guó)名及政治組織名the United States, the United Kingdom ?某些機(jī)構(gòu)學(xué)校及建筑名

the British Museum

?由普通名詞構(gòu)成的報(bào)刊雜志名

the New York Times, the Times 零冠詞 1.街名

2.廣場(chǎng)名

3.車站, 機(jī)場(chǎng), 公園, 橋梁名: Kennedy Airport, Beijing Railway Station, London Bridge

4.大學(xué)名

Yale University, Cambridge University

5.節(jié)日名National Day, May Day, News Years’ Day 6.多數(shù)雜志名

Time, Reader’s Digest 7.物質(zhì)名詞一般意義

Water boils at 100 degrees.We can not live without air.8.抽象名詞Life is short.Art is difficult to appreciate.1.used to do 用法

Used to do 表示過(guò)去常常做某事現(xiàn)在不做了 I used to get up at seven o’clock.Experience, save, very/too

2.比較級(jí)/最高級(jí), 比較狀語(yǔ)從句（見復(fù)合句-比較狀語(yǔ)從句）A/one的區(qū)別 3.介詞用法

Passed/past, next/other 4.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)總結(jié)

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí): is/am/are done 一般過(guò)去時(shí): was/were done

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí): is/am/are being done 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí): have/has been done 過(guò)去完成時(shí): had been done 一般將來(lái)時(shí): will be done 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí): would be done

過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí): was/were being done

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞: can be done, must be done, could be done, may be done, might be done，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞完成式: can have been done, must have been done, could have been done, may have been done, might have been done，Call at(拜訪某地), call out at(大聲喊), call on(拜訪某人), call sb up(給某人打電話), call off(取消)

5.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(感官動(dòng)詞)+doing表示正在發(fā)生的事情,+do 表示已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作.So/such

So+adj./adv.such+n.固定用法：so many

6.一般將來(lái)時(shí)will/be going to do

will/be going to do一般情況下可以相互替換,但是要表示說(shuō)話人決定做某事或者表示建議,請(qǐng)求, 肯定或不肯定等含義時(shí)只能用will.Watch/look at/follow, solid/firm/stable

7.將來(lái)完成時(shí)

Hold/look, look forward to(期望), look out(當(dāng)心), look up(查詢,), look sb.up(拜訪某人)

8.as if /though+虛擬語(yǔ)氣, 過(guò)去完成時(shí)總結(jié) as if /though 常在描述行為的動(dòng)詞后面使用, 如act/look/feel/appear/smell/sound, 后面要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣

He looks as if he were a king.Her skin feels as if it were silk.The song sounds as if it were a sad story.He looked as if he had never lived in England.No sooner…than, hardly…when, country/countryside, continuously, continually, No sooner…than 一…就… 與過(guò)去完成時(shí)連用

I had no sooner come into the room than it began to rain.The bell had no sooner rung than the game began.如果no sooner 放在句首, 主句的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)倒裝

No sooner had I come into the room than it began to rain.No sooner had the bell rung than it began to rain.Hardly…when 幾乎沒(méi)來(lái)得及…就… 與過(guò)去完成時(shí)連用

He had hardly got the money when the policeman caught him.I had hardly finished the last question when the exam ended.如果hardly…when放在句首, 主句的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)倒裝

Hardly had he got the money when the policeman caught him.Hardly had I finished the last question when the exam ended.9.直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)

1.引語(yǔ)前用that, 口語(yǔ)中可以省略 2.根據(jù)句意改變?nèi)朔Q

3.時(shí)態(tài)變化: 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)-一般過(guò)去時(shí), 一般過(guò)去時(shí)-過(guò)去完成時(shí), 一般將來(lái)時(shí)-過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí), 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)-過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí), 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)-過(guò)去完成時(shí), can-could, may-might, must-had to，4.一些指示代詞及表示地點(diǎn)及時(shí)間的詞

this-that, these-those, now-then, today, tonight-that day, that night, this week-that week, yesterday-the day before, the previous day, last week-the week before, two days ago-two days before(earlier), tomorrow-the next(following)day, next week-the following week, here-there, come, bring-go, take

如果意思上沒(méi)有必要改變就不用變了，比如在同一天說(shuō)的話.She said she would come again tonight.He said he arrived yesterday morning.幾種特殊的間接引語(yǔ)

?特殊疑問(wèn)句, 語(yǔ)序要變?yōu)殛愂稣Z(yǔ)序 “Where are you going?” he asked.He asked me where I was going.?一般疑問(wèn)句, 要加if/whether

“Will you come tomorrow?” he asked.He asked if I would come the next day.?祈使句要變?yōu)椴欢ㄊ? 所使用的謂語(yǔ)要根據(jù)語(yǔ)氣來(lái)選擇 “Stay here,” the policeman said.The policeman requested him to stay there.“Close the window, please,” my mother said.My mother asked me to close the window.常用的動(dòng)詞: advise, ask, beg, command(命令), order, warn, tell, urge(催促), invite, persuade, remind, forbid

10.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件句中的用法, make/do

對(duì)現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的虛擬, if從句中談?wù)摰氖窍胂蟮那闆r,主句則推測(cè)想象的結(jié)果 結(jié)構(gòu): 主句用過(guò)去時(shí), 從句用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)

If you came here earlier, you would catch the train.If you spent more time on studying, you would get better result.If I were you, I would accept this offer.注意: 如果if從句中的動(dòng)詞是be, 那么應(yīng)該在第一和第三人稱單數(shù)名詞后用

were.Make/do用法

make conversation(聊天), make the bed(鋪床), make a promise(許諾), make trouble(找麻煩), make progress(取得進(jìn)步), make money(賺錢), make a speech(演講,講話), make mistakes(犯錯(cuò)誤), make up one’s mind(下定決心)

do one’s best(盡最大努力), do one’s homework(做家庭作業(yè)), do a few jobs(做家務(wù)), do sb.a favour(幫忙), do work(工作), do exercise(做練習(xí)), do shopping(購(gòu)物), do business(做生意)

1.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞need, must, have to 1.need 一般作為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞使用

?需要某物He needs a hat.Does he need a hat? ?需要做某事need to do

I need to have a rest.You need to finish your work.?需要被…,主語(yǔ)與need 后的動(dòng)詞為被動(dòng)關(guān)系:need doing=need to be done The flowers need watering.=The flowers need to be watered.2.need用做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)一般為否定形式needn’t(不必要), 可以用來(lái)回答含有must, have to 的一般疑問(wèn)句, 與don’t have to 同義

Must I wash the dishes? No, you needn’t.3.need 完成式needn’t have done

4.mustn’t 表示不應(yīng)該,一般口氣比較強(qiáng)硬,沒(méi)有商量.You mustn’t get up late.Remark/observe, notice 2.have 用法總結(jié)

have a ride(騎), have a look(看), have a wash(洗), have a swim(游泳), have a fight(打架), have quarrel(吵架), have a try(嘗試), have a rest(休息), have a smoke(吸煙), have a good sleep(睡覺(jué))

Pick sb up(接), pick up(拿出,學(xué)習(xí),找到), pick out(挑出), 3.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can/could/be able to do

1.can 表示可能性

If you want, I can go with you.2.表示天生或?qū)W到的能力, 可以用can/could/be able to do, 三者都可以用在現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過(guò)去時(shí)中，在將來(lái)時(shí)中要用will be able to

3.表示現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的事要用can Look!He can stand on his head.4.表示成果的完成某個(gè)具體動(dòng)作時(shí)通常不用could而用be able to, 表示某動(dòng)作沒(méi)有成功用couldn’t

Can he borrow a book successfully?

Yes, he was able to borrow a book from his sister.No, he couldn’t.At 詞組

At first(開始), at once(立即), at present(目前), at last(最后), at any rate(無(wú)論如何), at heart(本質(zhì)上), at least(至少), at times(不時(shí)), at a loss(不知所措)

4.復(fù)習(xí)動(dòng)名詞用法

1.動(dòng)名詞可以做句子的主語(yǔ),表語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),介詞賓語(yǔ)

2.在含有介詞的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)后面要用動(dòng)名詞, 如: look forward to, be accustomed to, be used to, be tired of , be thirsty of, go on, insist on etc.3.有些動(dòng)詞后面既可用動(dòng)名詞也可以用不定式,所表達(dá)的意思沒(méi)有區(qū)別,常見的詞: start, begin, continue, delay, mean，4.有些動(dòng)詞后面加不定式表示一件具體的事情，加動(dòng)名詞表示一種習(xí)慣.I like drinking coffee, but today, I like to drink some tea.5.復(fù)習(xí)

Steal/rob, pay back

Steal表示偷偷摸摸的偷, 其賓語(yǔ)一般為物品 rob表示搶劫,其賓語(yǔ)一般是人或者某個(gè)處所 pay back 還錢, 報(bào)復(fù) 6.介詞用法 7.復(fù)習(xí)

suggest 用法, 當(dāng)建議用時(shí)后面加虛擬should +動(dòng)詞原形, should 可以省略.8.復(fù)習(xí)

Summary of Unit 39.復(fù)合句的構(gòu)成： ?用現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合句：

現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作的主語(yǔ)需與主句的主語(yǔ)一致。

?用過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合句，用語(yǔ)較正式的文體，代替被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，Wounded in the war, his are can not move freely.Born in a happy family, he has never tasted the bitterness of life.?不定式構(gòu)成復(fù)合句，不定式表示目的：

To buy a new car, the young man saved up for years.I went into the garden to pick some flowers.?通過(guò)從句構(gòu)成復(fù)合句：名詞性從句（主語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句，表語(yǔ)從句，同謂語(yǔ)從句），關(guān)系從句（定語(yǔ)從句），狀語(yǔ)從句（時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原因，條件，方式，目的，結(jié)果，比較，讓步）10.復(fù)合句： lose/loose/miss expect/wait for

1.一般過(guò)去時(shí)復(fù)習(xí)： raise/rise, lay/lie, beat/win 2.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) 形容詞變副詞： 1．

直接在形容詞后加-ly，careful-carefully, slow-slowly，2． 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的形容詞，把y變I, 加-ly, happy-happily, lucky-luckily

3． 有些詞形容詞和副詞的形式相同，不需要做任何變化 fast, hard, late

4． 有些詞加上-ly后意思與原詞相差很遠(yuǎn)： near-nearly, high-highly, late-lately，3.時(shí)態(tài)對(duì)比：一般過(guò)去時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) throw to,/throw at/throw away quite/quiet cause/reason drop/fall

4.Some, any的用法

?some, any 修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，some用于肯定句，any用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句，注意，當(dāng)期待對(duì)方的答案為肯定回答時(shí)用some

?many修飾可數(shù)名詞，much修飾不可數(shù)名詞，在口語(yǔ)中表示很多一般不用many, much, 而用a lot of, 在否定句中表示很多用many, much.I have a lot of money.I don’t have much money.??當(dāng)一個(gè)名詞在詞組中表示主要目的時(shí)不要定冠詞：

in bed, at church, at class, college, hospital, market, prison, school, sea, university，go to school/church/work/ go to the cinema/theatre

?most表示大多數(shù)或非常：

Most students came to class today.We are most excited.The most是many/much的比較級(jí)，或者構(gòu)成形容詞副詞的比較級(jí)，只能表示最多或用在形容詞或副詞前面，This is the most interesting book I have ever seen.I have the most books in my class.5.Would/used to do

would do 表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣的動(dòng)作，也可以用來(lái)表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常性的行為，與used to do有時(shí)可以替換。不能替換的情況：

?used to do表示與現(xiàn)在強(qiáng)烈對(duì)照時(shí)，不可以用would I used to get up early every day, but I get up very late now.?used to do描寫過(guò)去狀態(tài)，would只表示過(guò)去特有的習(xí)慣和行為。I used to be a teacher.I used to have a company.I would walk along the river everyday after dinner.?一個(gè)故事的開頭不能用would表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣的動(dòng)作，只能用used to do或者一般過(guò)去時(shí)：

When I was a little girl, I always went to the cinema(I used to go to the cinema).I would sit there for hours.used to do(過(guò)去常常做某事)/be used to doing（習(xí)慣做某事）6.比較級(jí)最高級(jí)復(fù)習(xí)：

很多：many/much/a great deal of/a lot of/lots of/plenty of/a large sum of/a large amount of/a great many

handsome/beautiful/pretty/good-looking reach/arrive

take part in/take place 7.介詞用法：

at表示某個(gè)具體的位置 in表示在。。里面 off表示離開

in/with還可以表示穿戴,with可以表示帶有或長(zhǎng)有：a woman in a blue dress, a girl with a hat, a man with a beard

?make sb.do迫使某人做某事，變被動(dòng)時(shí)要加to

His father made to quit his job.He was made to quit the job.?Let sb.do表示允許某人做某事 Let’s表示建議：

Let’s go out for a walk.Let us go out please.否定：Don’t let us…/Let’s don’t… 8.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)/強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：

據(jù)說(shuō)：it is said/ it was said that

強(qiáng)調(diào)：It is/was+ 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who從句 I ate the apple two hours ago.It was I who ate the apple two hours ago.It was the apple that I ate two hours ago.I was tow hours ago that I ate the apple.強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)用do+動(dòng)詞原型

I did eat the apple two hours ago.Increase/grow Gain/earn Pick/cut

9.表示目的的幾種方式：

?帶to的不定式及其變體：in order to, so as to

I came to this school to/in order to/so as to learn English.I came here not to study Chinese but to study English

So as not to/in order not to

Every morning I got up very early in order not to be late.Want/bring/buy/need/take/use常用賓語(yǔ)+不定式，不定式常表示賓語(yǔ)的目的： I want something to drink.I need a pen to write.Bring me a chair to sit.?So that/in order that 引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句，主句一般用現(xiàn)在時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或一般將來(lái)時(shí)時(shí)，從句要用shall, may, can, will

He speaks very loudly in order that his grandpa can hear him.She studies very hard so that she can enter university.主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過(guò)去完成時(shí)時(shí)，從句要用should, could, might, would

The teacher wrote the excerises on the blackboard so that the students would see them when they came in.He sent a letter to his mother so that she could learn the good news.如主句主語(yǔ)和從句主語(yǔ)不同時(shí)還可以用不定式+for+名詞/代詞 He sent a letter for his mother to learn the good news.10.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作：

arrive, come, go, leave用在現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)句子里可以表示不遠(yuǎn)的將來(lái)發(fā)生的事情。

Spring is coming.I am leaving Beijing in two days.I’m meeting a guest this evening.名詞修飾名詞：

car key, world record, flower shop, fur coat, gold watch, cigarette ends, horror film, chair leg

1.時(shí)態(tài)對(duì)比：將來(lái)完成時(shí)，將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)，將來(lái)完成時(shí) cost/price/value

2.時(shí)態(tài)對(duì)比：過(guò)去完成時(shí)/過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí) check/control great/big soil/ground

3.間接引語(yǔ)（祈使句）

祈使句要變?yōu)椴欢ㄊ? 所使用的謂語(yǔ)要根據(jù)語(yǔ)氣來(lái)選擇 “Stay here,” the policeman said.The policeman requested him to stay there.“Close the window, please,” my mother said.My mother asked me to close the window.常用的動(dòng)詞: advise, ask, beg, command(命令), order, warn, tell, urge(催促), invite, persuade, remind, forbid

insist/suggest/order/demand后要用虛擬語(yǔ)態(tài)should+do，should 可以省略 He insisted that we should stay for dinner.4.虛擬語(yǔ)態(tài)（過(guò)去條件句的虛擬）（見虛擬語(yǔ)態(tài)總結(jié)）draw in/draw back/draw up/draw off

5.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：

1． Must/have to do表示必須做某事，must表示現(xiàn)在和將來(lái)，have to do 可以用在任何時(shí)態(tài)

2． Should do/ought to do都可以表示應(yīng)該做某事，ought to do語(yǔ)氣更強(qiáng)，一般用在肯定句。

3． Had to do 表示過(guò)去必須做某事，should have done, ought to have done表示過(guò)去本應(yīng)該做某事而沒(méi)做。

I should have told you the news earlier.He ought to have known the rules.4． Could have done表示本能夠做某事而沒(méi)做。I could have saved more people.5． Might/must have done表示對(duì)過(guò)去事實(shí)的推測(cè)

6． Couldn’t have done表示對(duì)過(guò)去事實(shí)的否定推測(cè)，表示不可能 He couldn’t have stolen the wallet.Let sb.down, let sb.off, let sb.out, let sb.in Agree/accept Dress up/dress 6.Have用法： have sth.done:

?使別人為我們做某事

I have the car repaired.He has his hair cut.The officer had the clock checked.?表示某種遭遇：

I have my wallet stolen.He had his teeth knocked out.My sister has her bike stolen.集合名詞：

當(dāng)這個(gè)名詞作為一個(gè)整體使用時(shí)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，當(dāng)這個(gè)名詞作為一個(gè)組成整體的若干人時(shí)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。常見的有：family, crew, government, staff, class

7.表示成功的做成某事：

managed to do, was able to do, succeeded in doing 表示沒(méi)成功做某事：

did not manage to do, wasn’t able to do, didn’t succeed in doing couldn’t do, tried to do could do表示可能做某事 ?say:

表示說(shuō)，講時(shí)，后面不能跟間接賓語(yǔ)，如果加用間接賓語(yǔ)加to，say sth.to sb.表示道別，背誦 表達(dá)思想，意見 表示據(jù)說(shuō)

詞組：say a good word, say a prayer ?tell:

表示說(shuō)，講后面可跟雙賓語(yǔ), tell sb.sth.常用于講（實(shí)話，謊話，秘密）辨別，分辨

說(shuō)出時(shí)間 8.動(dòng)名詞：

有些動(dòng)詞和形容詞詞組后要加動(dòng)名詞：

?admit, appreciated, avoid, consider, delay, deny, dislike, enjoy, escape, finish, excuse, feel, keep, like, forgive, mention, mind, miss, practise, resist, risk, suggest

?look forward to, be accustomed to, be used to, give up, can’t help, can’t stand, take to, object to, keep on, put off, burst out

?opposed to, consent to ,dedicate to, devote to, admit to, confess to, fall to, in addition to, stick to, lead to, attribute to, get to

?be busy/worth/no good/use doing, have trouble/difficulty/problem/, spend time or money doing, have difficult time doing

動(dòng)名詞完成式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：having been done 當(dāng)一個(gè)行為動(dòng)作由另一個(gè)行為動(dòng)作緊跟著時(shí)，第一個(gè)動(dòng)作可以用after doing,來(lái)表達(dá)，動(dòng)名詞完成式強(qiáng)調(diào)第一個(gè)行為動(dòng)作在第二個(gè)行為動(dòng)作開始之前完成。

After he had been asked to drive out of town, he began to acquire confidence.After having been asked to drive out of town, he began to acquire confidence.After I had been elected drive out of town, he began to acquire confidence.After having been elected drive out of town, he began to acquire confidence.practise/advise, pratice/advice enjoy/entertain/amuse 9.licence/license 10.介詞用法： 1.復(fù)習(xí)：

official/employee/shop assistant/clerk/officer hang/hung, hang/hanged 2.復(fù)習(xí)：summary of unit 4

74.get out(滾出去，出去)/get into（進(jìn)去）/get on（進(jìn)展）/get on with（繼續(xù)，相處）/get off（逃脫）/get sth.off（取下）/get over（恢復(fù)，結(jié)束）/get though（通過(guò)考試，吃完）

變成：

grow: 漸漸變成，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)程，比get更正式 get: 口語(yǔ)中最常用，同grow

turn: 變得和以往完全不同，往往是變壞，變色，變聲，變質(zhì)，turn red/pale/sour

go: 進(jìn)入某種狀態(tài)，不好的狀態(tài)，go bad ,go sour come: 強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果，come real, come true, come loose，fall: 陷入，變成某種狀態(tài)，后面不能加形容詞比較級(jí)，fall asleep, fall ill As usual/than usual between/among

manager/director/headmaster/headmistress/principal/president 75.非限定性定語(yǔ)從句

1． 用who, which引導(dǎo)，前面用逗號(hào)隔開，起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的意思，如去掉不影響整個(gè)句子的意思。

The managers, who knew the event, held an emergent meeting.2． Which可以指代前面的一句話

He has to work on Sundays, which he doesn’t like.3． 與限定性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別，限定性定語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)先行詞修飾限定，如果沒(méi)有定語(yǔ)從句整個(gè)句子的意思就會(huì)改變，而非限定性從句只是起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的作用，去掉以后不影響句意。例：

The visitors who knew the danger could not go any further.那些知道危險(xiǎn)的游客們不敢再往前走，（一部分人）

The visitors, who knew the danger, could not go any further.游客們知道了危險(xiǎn)不敢再往前走。（所有人）B.C., A.D.skin/leather/complexion wax/candle

78.keep on/keep off/ keep away from/ keep up/ keep up with/ keep out/ keep sb.in

79.倒裝句：

1． 條件句中的倒裝,（見虛擬語(yǔ)態(tài)）

2． 否定意義的副詞放在句首，整個(gè)句子要倒裝：never, seldom, little, not only, scarely, hardly, no sooner, on no occasion

Hardly had he stolen the wallet when he was caught by the police man.No sooner had he arrived the cinema than the film began.3． Only+ 狀語(yǔ)，only after, only then

Only in this way could I finish the work timely.Only after he had taken off his hat did I recognize him.take off/take after/take up/take to/take in/take down/take over

80.on display/on show/on business/on foot/on duty/on the whole/on fire/on purpose/on the average/on any account/on second thoughts 80.Cloth, clothing, clothes，salute, greet, clear/clean

81.形容詞修飾名詞順序：

特性——形狀，大小，長(zhǎng)短——顏色——名詞 a beautiful broad red carpet a small blue case an ugly long face laugh/laugh at wash/wash up

82.在主句用though, if, although, until, when, while引導(dǎo)，可以省略主語(yǔ)和系動(dòng)詞

Though(he is)poor, he is satisfied with his conditions.Until(you are)invited, you should not come.If she(is in need), she will borrow money from her parents.Temper/mood

83.當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)是不定式短語(yǔ)，動(dòng)名詞或從句時(shí)如果后面有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，必須用it做形式主語(yǔ)，think, find, feel, consider, make

He thought it easy to pass the examination.I feel if right that he should be punished.I think it wrong for people to behave like that.84.Too…to的用法 to/enough的區(qū)別 85.Out of

1． Out of the way/fashion/order/sight/danger/sight（與in介詞相反）2． Out of breath/work/pring/cash/stock（沒(méi)有，不足）3． Out of politeness/kindness/pity/curiosity(出于)Enough/fairly

Enough: 修飾形容詞或副詞/修飾名詞/做代詞使用 88.Run out of/run after/run over/run in/run into 89.free/single queue/row funny-amusing

90.And 連接的兩個(gè)名詞如果作為一個(gè)整體出現(xiàn)則用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

needle and thread, bacon and eggs, bread and butter, cheese and wine, fish and chips, a knife and fork, sausage and mash

91.Make for/make out/make up/make up for 92.So/neither的倒裝句 so/neither+be+ 主語(yǔ)

so/neither+助動(dòng)詞+ 主語(yǔ) so/neither+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ 主語(yǔ) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí), do, does/am, is, are 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí), am, is, are 一般過(guò)去時(shí), did

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí), have, has 一般將來(lái)時(shí), will, shall, 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，was, were 過(guò)去完成時(shí)，had 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí), would 93.重音：

重音在第一個(gè)音節(jié)上為名詞，重音在第二個(gè)音節(jié)為動(dòng)詞：

present, insult, produce, record, process, protest, contrast, contest, rebel, conduct, export, import, increase, permit

94.介詞：

appear:強(qiáng)調(diào)觀察者的主觀看法 He appears to want to go.It appears as if she would win.He appears like a king.(別人覺(jué)得他像)seem：根據(jù)某種跡象得出一種結(jié)論或看法 It seems to rain.He seems like a king.(他的外表舉止給人感覺(jué)像)look：根據(jù)外表推斷

He looks like a king.（他看起來(lái)像，但實(shí)際不是。）