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      英語作文中常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞[5篇范例]

      時(shí)間:2019-05-15 08:33:37下載本文作者:會員上傳
      簡介:寫寫幫文庫小編為你整理了多篇相關(guān)的《英語作文中常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞》,但愿對你工作學(xué)習(xí)有幫助,當(dāng)然你在寫寫幫文庫還可以找到更多《英語作文中常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞》。

      第一篇:英語作文中常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞

      1)先后次序關(guān)系:

      at this time;first;second;at last;next;previously;simultaneously;eventually;last but not least;to begin with;to start with;to end with;finally;seeing...;since then;first of all;afterwards;following this;preceding this.2)因果關(guān)系:

      because;because of this;being that;another important factor/reason of...; since; as; for; in that...; owing to; due to; for the reason that...; in view of; the reason seems to be obvious;there are about...;for this reason;as a result of this; therefore;...and so...; consequently;as a result; thus; hence; so;so that...; in consequence; as a consequence; accordingly;inevitably;under these conditions;thereupon.3)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系:

      but;even so;however;though;even though;independent of;reckless of ;despite that; in spite of that; regardless of;yet...;and yet; but unless.4)并列關(guān)系:

      and;also;too;as well as;either...,or...;both...and...5)(補(bǔ)充)遞進(jìn)關(guān)系:

      furthermore;moreover;further;In this way ;still; not only...but also...; not...but...; in addition(to);additionally, much more interesting, more specifically, next, besides; as far as...is concerned;in other words;along this line of consideration;on the one hand...,on the other hand...; even; as a poplar saying goes...;in order to do it...;meanwhile; at the same time; accordingly; In the first place...,in the second place...;equally important;of even greater appeal.6)比較關(guān)系:

      similarly;in like manner, in comparison with;when compared with;compared with;when in fact...;like...; likewise; similarly important; apart from(doing)...;...rather than...,by doing so ;both?and...;in the same way;not only...but(also).7)對照(不同點(diǎn)):

      yet;still;for all of that;notwithstanding;rather;neither...nor;although;though;but;however;something is just the other way around;yet;conversely; unlike; opposed to;as opposed to ; in contrast(to); by way of;on the contrary;different from this;as opposed to this; nevertheless;contrary to; whereas; while;but on the other hand.8)舉例關(guān)系: for example; for instance; in this case;namely; as you know; you may as/say; as he explains; like; such as; a case in point is...;consider...; in particular;including...;for one thing...,for another...;put it simply;stated roughly; as an illustration,I will say...; a good example(of...)would be...;to detail this,I would like to...; It is interesting to note that...;in this situation;as proof;take the case of;take as example(something); as for;as regards; as to; according to;on this occasion.9)強(qiáng)調(diào)關(guān)系:

      in fact;especially;particularly;moreover;naturally;what is more important; in reality; certainly;of course;indeed;in particular;not to mention...;believe it or not;undeniably;other thing being equal;it is certain/sure that...;to be strict;to be true;by definition;definitely;undoubtedly;without a doubt;in truth, in any event(不論怎樣);without reservation(毫無保留地);obviously, not only..but(also...), both...and...10)條件關(guān)系:

      if;unless;lest;provided that;if it is the case;in this sense;once...;if possible;if necessary;if so;if not all;if anything.11)歸納總結(jié)類:

      in other words;on the whole;in sum;therefore;hence;in short;in brief;to sum up;in conclusion;in summary; to conclude; the conclusion can be drawn that...;for this reason;in short.12)地點(diǎn)關(guān)系:

      beyond;opposite to;adjacent to;at the same place;there;over;in the middle;around;in front of;in the distance;farther;here and there;above;below;at the right;between;on this side.13)目的關(guān)系:

      with this object;for this purpose;in order that;in this way, since;so that;on that account;in case;with a view to;for the same reason.14)重申關(guān)系:

      in other words;that is to say;as I have said;again;once again.15)結(jié)果關(guān)系:

      accordingly;thus;consequently;hence;therefore;thereupon;inevitably;under these conditions;as a result;as a consequence;because;because of;so that;not only...but(also...);so...as to.16)順序關(guān)系:

      first;second;thirdly;next;then;at the outset(在開始時(shí)),following this;at this time;now;at this point;after;afterward;after this;subsequently;lastly;finally;consequently;before this;previously;preceding this;simultaneously;concurrently(同時(shí)).17)時(shí)間關(guān)系:

      at once;immediately;at length;in the mean time;meanwhile;at the same time;in the end;then;soon;not long after;later;at once;at last;finally;some time ago;at present;all of a sudden;from this time on;from time to time;since then;when;whenever;next point;a few minutes later;formerly;as;once;since;occasionally;in a moment;shortly;whereupon;previously

      寫作模板: 辯論式議論文 模版1 Some people believe(argue, recognize, think)that 觀點(diǎn)1.But other people take an opposite side.They firmly believe that 觀點(diǎn)2.As for me, I agree to the former/latter idea.There are a dozen of reasons behind my belief.First of all, 論據(jù)1.More importantly, 論據(jù)2.Most important of all, 論據(jù)3.In summary, 總結(jié)觀點(diǎn).As a college student, I am supposed to 表決心.或 From above, we can predict that 預(yù)測.模版2 People hold different views about X.Some people are of the opinion that 觀點(diǎn)1, while others point out that 觀點(diǎn)2.As far as I am concerned, the former/latter opinion holds more weight.For one thing, 論據(jù)1.For another, 論據(jù)2.Last but not the least, 論據(jù)3.To conclude, 總結(jié)觀點(diǎn).As a college student, I am supposed to 表決心.或 From above, we can predict that 預(yù)測.模版3 There is no consensus of opinions among people about X(爭論的焦點(diǎn)).Some people are of the view that 觀點(diǎn)1, while others take an opposite side, firmly believing that 觀點(diǎn)2.As far as I am concerned, the former/latter notion is preferable in many senses.The reasons are obvious.First of all, 論據(jù)1.Furthermore, 論據(jù)2.Among all of the supporting evidences, one is the strongest.That is, 論據(jù)3.A natural conclusion from the above discussion is that總結(jié)觀點(diǎn).As a college student, I am supposed to 表決心.或 From above, we can predict that 預(yù)測.圖表式作文

      It is obvious in the graphic/table that the rate/number/amount of Y has undergone dramatic changes.It has gone up/grown/fallen/dropped considerably in recent years(as X

      varies).At the point of X1, Y reaches its peak value of ?(多少).What is the reason for this change? Mainly there are ?(多少)reasons behind the situation reflected in the graphic/table.First of all, ?(第一個原因).More importantly, ?(第二個原因).Most important of all, ?(第三個原因).From the above discussions, we have enough reason to predict what will happen in the near future.The trend described in the graphic/table will continue for quite a long time(if necessary measures are not taken括號里的使用于那些不太好的變化趨勢).提綱式作文 1. 對立觀點(diǎn)式

      A.有人認(rèn)為X 是好事,贊成X,為什么? B. 有人認(rèn)為X 是壞事,反對X,為什么? C.我的看法。

      Some people are in favor of the idea of doing X.They point out the fact that 支持X 的第一個原因。They also argue that 支持X 的另一個原因。

      However, other people stand on a different ground.They consider it harmful to do X.They firmly point out that 反

      對X 的第一個理由。An example can give the details of this argument: 一個例子。

      There is some truth in both arguments.But I think the advantages of X overweigh the disadvantages.In addition to the above-mentioned negative effects it might bring about, X also may X 的有一個壞處。2. 批駁觀點(diǎn)式 A.一個錯誤觀點(diǎn)。B. 我不同意。

      Many people argue that 錯誤觀點(diǎn)。By saying that, they mean 對這個觀點(diǎn)的進(jìn)一步解釋。An example they have presented is that 一個例子。(According to a survey performed by X on a group of Y, almost 80% of them 贊成這個錯誤觀點(diǎn)或者受到這個錯誤觀點(diǎn)的影響)。

      There might be some element of truth in these people’s belief.But if we consider it in depth, we will feel no reservation to conclude that 與錯誤觀點(diǎn)相反的觀點(diǎn)。There are a number of reasons behind my belief.(以下參照辯論文的議論文寫法)。3. 社會問題(現(xiàn)象)式 A.一個社會問題或者現(xiàn)象。B. 產(chǎn)生的原因

      C.對社會和我們生活的影響

      D. 如何杜絕。(如果是問題的話)E. 前景的預(yù)測。

      Nowadays, there exists an increasingly serious social/economic/environmental problem.(X has increasingly become a common concern of the public).According to a survey, 調(diào)查內(nèi)容說明這種現(xiàn)象的情況。(或者是一個例子)。

      There are a couple of reasons booming this problem/phenomenon.下面參照辯論式議論文的寫法。

      X has caused substantial impact on the society and our daily life, which has been articulated in the following aspects.參照辯論式議論文的寫法。

      A dozen of measures are supposed to take to prevent X from bringing us more harm.參照辯論式議論文的寫法。

      Based on the above discussions, I can easily forecast that more and more people will ??..英語四六級寫作絕招 開頭萬能公式

      1. 開頭萬能公式一:名人名言

      有人問了,“我沒有記住名言,怎么辦?尤其是英語名言?”,很好辦:編!

      原理:我們看到的東西很多都是創(chuàng)造出來的,包括我們欣賞的文章也是,所以盡管編,但是一定要聽起來很有道理呦!而且沒準(zhǔn)將來我們就是名人呢!對吧? 經(jīng)典句型:

      A proberb says, “ You are only young once.”(適用于已記住的名言)

      It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever.(適用于自編名言)更多經(jīng)典句型:

      As everyone knows, No one can deny that?

      2. 開頭萬能公式二:數(shù)字統(tǒng)計(jì)

      原理:要想更有說服力,就應(yīng)該用實(shí)際的數(shù)字來說明。

      原則上在議論文當(dāng)中十不應(yīng)該出現(xiàn)虛假數(shù)字的,可是在考試的時(shí)候哪管那三七二十一,但編無妨,只要我有東西寫就萬事大吉了。所以不妨試用下面的句型:

      According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation.看起來這個數(shù)字文鄒鄒的,其實(shí)都是編造出來的,下面隨便幾個題目我們都可以這樣編造:

      Honesty:根據(jù)最近的一項(xiàng)統(tǒng)計(jì)調(diào)查顯示,大學(xué)生向老師請假的理由當(dāng)中78%都是假的。

      Travel by Bike:根據(jù)最近的一項(xiàng)統(tǒng)計(jì)調(diào)查顯示,85%的人在近距離旅行的時(shí)候首選的交通工具是自行車。

      Youth:根據(jù)最近的一項(xiàng)統(tǒng)計(jì)調(diào)查顯示,在某個大學(xué),學(xué)生的課余時(shí)間的70%都是在休閑娛樂。

      Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work?:根據(jù)最近的一項(xiàng)統(tǒng)計(jì)調(diào)查顯示,98%的人同意每周五天工作日。更多句型:

      A recent statistics shows that ? 結(jié)尾萬能公式

      1. 結(jié)尾萬能公式一:如此結(jié)論

      說完了,畢竟要?dú)w納一番,相信各位都有這樣的經(jīng)歷,領(lǐng)導(dǎo)長篇大論,到最后終于冒出個“總而言之”之類的話,我們馬上停止開小差,等待領(lǐng)導(dǎo)說結(jié)束語。也就是說,開頭很好,也必然要有一個精彩的結(jié)尾,讓讀者眼前一亮,這樣,你就可以拿高分了!比如下面的例子: Obviously(此為過渡短語), we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others.如果讀者很難“顯而見之”,但說無妨,就當(dāng)讀者的眼光太淺罷了!更多過渡短語:

      to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus 更多句型:

      Thus, it can be concluded that?, Therefore, we can find that?

      2. 結(jié)尾萬能公式二:如此建議

      如果說“如此結(jié)論”是結(jié)尾最沒用的廢話,那么“如此建議”應(yīng)該是最有價(jià)值的廢話了,因?yàn)檫@里雖然也是廢話,但是卻用了一個很經(jīng)典的虛擬語氣的句型。拽!

      Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem.這里的虛擬語氣用得很經(jīng)典,因?yàn)榭脊俦緛斫?jīng)??歼@個句型,而如果我們自己寫出來,你說考官會怎么想呢? 更多句型:

      Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken.Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken.寫作的“七項(xiàng)基本原則”

      一、長短句原則

      工作還得一張一馳呢,老讓讀者讀長句,累死人!寫一個短小精辟的句子,相反,卻可以起到畫龍點(diǎn)睛的作用。而且如果我們把短句放在段首或者段末,也可以揭示主題:

      As a creature, I eat;as a man, I read.Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar.如此可見,長短句結(jié)合,抑揚(yáng)頓挫,豈不爽哉?牢記!

      強(qiáng)烈建議:在文章第一段(開頭)用一長一短,且先長后短;在文章主體部分,要先用一個短句解釋主要意思,然后在闡述幾個要點(diǎn)的時(shí)候采用先短后長的句群形式,定會讓主體部分妙筆生輝!文章結(jié)尾一般用一長一短就可以了。

      二、主題句原則

      國有其君,家有其主,文章也要有其主。否則會給人造成“群龍無首”之感!相信各位讀過一些破爛文學(xué),故意把主體隱藏在文章之內(nèi),結(jié)果造成我們稀里糊涂!不知所云!所以奉勸各位一定要寫一個主題句,放在文章的開頭(保險(xiǎn)型)或者結(jié)尾,讓讀者一目了然,必會平安無事!

      特別提示:隱藏主體句可是要冒險(xiǎn)的!

      To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam(主題句).Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.三、一二三原則

      領(lǐng)導(dǎo)講話總是第一部分、第一點(diǎn)、第二點(diǎn)、第三點(diǎn)、第二部分、第一點(diǎn)? 如此羅嗦??僧吘惯€是條理清楚??脊賯兛次恼乱脖厝灰ㄟ^這些關(guān)鍵性的“標(biāo)簽”來判定你的文章是否結(jié)構(gòu)清楚,條理自然。破

      解方法很簡單,只要把下面任何一組的詞匯加入到你的幾個要點(diǎn)前就清楚了。

      1)first, second, third, last(不推薦,原因:俗)

      2)firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally(不推薦,原因:俗)3)the first, the second, the third, the last(不推薦,原因:俗)

      4)in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly(不推薦,原因:俗)

      5)to begin with, then, furthermore, finally(強(qiáng)烈推薦)6)to start with, next, in addition, finally(強(qiáng)烈推薦)7)first and foremost, besides, last but not least(強(qiáng)烈推薦)

      8)most important of all, moreover, finally 9)on the one hand, on the other hand(適用于兩點(diǎn)的情況)10)for one thing, for another thing(適用于兩點(diǎn)的情況)建議:不僅僅在寫作中注意,平時(shí)說話的時(shí)候也應(yīng)該條理清楚!

      四、短語優(yōu)先原則

      寫作時(shí),尤其是在考試時(shí),如果使用短語,有兩個好處:其

      一、用短語會使文章增加亮點(diǎn),如果老師們看到你的文章太簡單,看不到一個自己不認(rèn)識的短語,必然會看你低一等。相反,如果發(fā)現(xiàn)亮點(diǎn)—精彩 的短語,那么你的文章定會得高分了。其

      二、關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻思維短路,只有湊字?jǐn)?shù),怎么辦?用短語是一個辦法!比如: I cannot bear it.可以用短語表達(dá):I cannot put up with it.I want it.可以用短語表達(dá):I am looking forward to it.這樣字?jǐn)?shù)明顯增加,表達(dá)也更準(zhǔn)確。

      五、多實(shí)少虛原則

      原因很簡單,寫文章還是應(yīng)該寫一些實(shí)際的東西,不要空話連篇。這就要求一定要多用實(shí)詞,少用虛詞。我這里所說的虛詞就是指那些比較大的詞。比如我們說一個很好的時(shí)候,不應(yīng)該之說nice這樣空洞的詞,應(yīng)該使用一些諸如generous, humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospital 之類的形象詞。再比如: 走出房間,general的詞是:walk out of the room 但是小偷走出房間應(yīng)該說:slip out of the room 小姐走出房間應(yīng)該說:sail out of the room 小孩走出房間應(yīng)該說:dance out of the room 老人走出房間應(yīng)該說:stagger out of the room 所以多用實(shí)詞,少用虛詞,文章將會大放異彩!

      六、多變句式原則

      1)加法(串聯(lián))

      都希望寫下很長的句子,像個老外似的,可就是怕寫錯,怎么辦,最保險(xiǎn)的寫長句的方法就是這些,可以在任何句子之間加and, 但最好是前后的句子又先后關(guān)系或者并列關(guān)系。比如說: I enjor music and he is fond of playing guitar.如果是二者并列的,我們可以用一個超級句式:

      Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm.其它的短語可以用:

      besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover 2)轉(zhuǎn)折(拐彎抹角)

      批評某人缺點(diǎn)的時(shí)候,我們總習(xí)慣先拐彎抹角說說他的優(yōu)點(diǎn),然后轉(zhuǎn)入正題,再說缺點(diǎn),這種方式雖然陰險(xiǎn)了點(diǎn),可畢竟還比較容易讓人接受。所以呢,我們說話的時(shí)候,只要在要點(diǎn)之前先來點(diǎn)廢話,注意二者之間用個專這次就夠了。

      The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition.The coat was thin, but it was warm.更多的短語:

      despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite, notwithstanding 3)因果(so, so, so)

      昨天在街上我看到了一個女孩,然后我主動搭訕,然后我們?nèi)タХ葟d,然后我們認(rèn)識了,然后我們成為了朋友?可見,講故事的時(shí)候我們總

      要追求先后順序,先什么,后什么,所以然后這個詞就變得很常見了。其實(shí)這個詞表示的是先后或因果關(guān)系!The snow began to fall, so we went home.更多短語:

      then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a result, for this reason, so that 4)失衡句(頭重腳輕,或者頭輕腳重)

      有些人腦袋大,身體小,或者有些人腦袋小,身體大,雖然我們不希望長成這個樣子,可如果真的是這樣了,也就必然會吸引別人的注意力。文章中如果出現(xiàn)這樣的句子,就更會讓考官看到你的句子與眾不同。其實(shí)就是主語從句,表語從句,賓語從句的變形。舉例:This is what I can do.Whether he can go with us or not is not sure.同樣主語、賓語、表語可以改成如下的復(fù)雜成分: When to go, Why he goes away? 5)附加(多此一舉)

      如果有了老婆,總會遇到這樣的情況,當(dāng)你再講某個人的時(shí)候,她會插一句說,我昨天見過他;或者說,就是某某某,如果把老婆的話插入到我們的話里面,那就是定語從句和同位語從句或者是插入語。The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine.I don’t enjoy that book you are reading.Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going.其實(shí)很簡單,同位語--要解釋的東西刪除后不影響整個句子的構(gòu)成;定語從句—借用之前的關(guān)鍵詞并且用其重新組成一個句子插入其中,但是whom or that 關(guān)鍵詞必須要緊跟在先行詞之前。6)排比(排山倒海句)

      文學(xué)作品中最吸引人的地方莫過于此,如果非要讓你的文章更加精彩的話,那么我希望你引用一個個的排比句,一個個得對偶句,一個個的不定式,一個個地詞,一個個的短語,如此表達(dá)將會使文章有排山倒海之勢!

      Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated or simple, there is plenty in London for you.Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean tides.We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, to realize our potentials and to pay for our life.(氣勢恢宏)

      要想寫出如此氣勢恢宏的句子非用排比不可!

      七、挑戰(zhàn)極限原則

      既然是挑戰(zhàn)極限,必然是比較難的,但是并非不可攀!

      原理:在學(xué)生的文章中,很少發(fā)現(xiàn)諸如獨(dú)立主格的句子,其實(shí)也很簡單,只要花上5分鐘的時(shí)間看看就可以領(lǐng)會,它就是分詞的一種特殊形式,分詞要求主語一致,而獨(dú)立主格則不然。比如:

      The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills.Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about three times that of China.如果您可一些出這樣的句子,不得高分才怪!文章主體段落三大殺手锏

      一、舉實(shí)例

      思維短路,舉實(shí)例!提出一個觀點(diǎn),舉實(shí)例!提出一個方案,舉實(shí)例!而且者也是我們揭示一個觀點(diǎn)最好的方式,任何情況下,只要我們無法繼續(xù)文章,不管三七二十一,盡管舉例子!

      In order to attract more customers, advertisers have adopted every possible stimulative factor in making ads, such as sound, light, colours, cartoon films and human performance.For instance, to advertise a certain food, advertisers will ask an actor or actress to sit at a table and devour the seemingly delicious food while they fime him or her.更多句型:

      To take ? as an example, One example is?, Another example is?, for example

      二、做比較

      方法:寫完一個要點(diǎn),比較與之相似的;又寫完一個要點(diǎn),再比較與之相反的;

      世界上沒有同樣的指紋,沒有相同的樹葉,文章亦同,只有通過比較,你才會發(fā)現(xiàn)二者的相同點(diǎn)(through comparison)和不同點(diǎn)(through contrast)。下面是一些短語: 相似的比較:

      in comparison, likewise, similarly, in the same manner 相反的比較:

      on the other hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead, nevertheless, in contrast, on the contrary, compared with ?, ?

      三、換言之

      沒話說了,可以換一句話再說,讓你的文章在多一些字,或者文鄒鄒地說,是讓讀者更充分的理解你的觀點(diǎn)。

      實(shí)際就是重復(fù)重復(fù)再重復(fù)!下面的句子實(shí)際上就三個字 I love you!I am enthusiastic about you.That is to say, I love you.I am wild about you.In other words, I have fallen in love with you.或者上面我們舉過的例子: I cannot bear it.可以用短語表達(dá):I cannot put up with it.因此可以這樣說:I cannot bear it.That is to say, I cannot put up with it or I am fed up with it.更多短語:

      in more difficult language, in simpler words, put it more simply

      四六級寫作常見句型

      (1)用于描寫漫畫、圖表的常用句型 ①As the graph depicts , ?

      ②From the cartoon /picture , we can see that ? ③According to the statistics shown in the first /second graph , ④The table shows / indicates / reveals that ?

      ⑤It can be seen /concluded from the picture / table / figures that ?

      (2)用于句首提出論題或現(xiàn)象的句型 ①Recently , ?has

      第二篇:英語作文中名人例子

      4008111111 英語作文中名人例子

      1.成功 / 英雄 / 困難類(被寫的經(jīng)久不衰!)2.大眾觀點(diǎn)類:(媒體 / 團(tuán)體 / 主流)

      3.謊言 / 現(xiàn)象本質(zhì) / 隱私(這個我也不懂)4.動機(jī)類(這個說的優(yōu)點(diǎn)玄乎)5.改變 / 科技 / 創(chuàng)新類

      6.了解自身類 7.選擇類

      下面就淘選了些經(jīng)典例子!

      1.Bill Gates(比爾蓋茨)

      When Bill Gates made his decision to drop out from Harvard, he did not care too much of the result.Gates entered Harvard in 1973, and dropped out two years later when he and Allen started the engine of Microsoft.Many people did not understand why Gates gave up such a good opportunity to study in the world’s No.1 University.However, with size comes power, Microsoft dominates the PC market with its operating systems, such as MS-DOS and Windows.Now, Microsoft becomes the biggest software company in the world and Bill Gates becomes the richest man in the world.用于有放棄就會有所得、勇氣、懂得把握機(jī)會類

      2.Thomas Edison(托馬斯 愛迪生)

      In 1879, after more than 1,000 trials and $40,000, Thomas Edison introduced an inexpensive alternative to candles and gaslight: the incandescent lamp.Using carbonized filaments from cotton thread, his light bulb burned for two days.These bulbs were first installed on the steamship Columbia and have been lighting up the world ever since.用于創(chuàng)造力/科技類、失敗是成功之母、努力、成功 / 英雄 / 困難類

      3.Mother Teresa(特雷莎修女)

      Mother Teresa, winner of the Nobel Peace Prize, dedicated the majority of her life to helping the poorest of the poor in India, thus gaining her the name “Saint of the Gutters.” The devotion towards the poor won her respect throughout the world and the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979.She founded an order of nuns called the Missionaries of Charity in Calcutta, India dedicated to serving the poor.Almost 50 years later, the Missionaries of Charity have grown from 12 sisters in India to over 3,000 in 517 missions throughout 100 countries worldwide.用于大眾觀點(diǎn)類/善良、品性/

      4.Diana Spencer(戴安娜王妃)

      Lady Diana Spencer, Princess of Whales, is remembered and respected by people all over the world more for her beauty, kindness, humanity and charitable activities than for her technical skills.不好意思了,戴安娜王妃,我還真不知怎么用你呢..5.Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela(納爾遜·羅利赫拉赫拉·曼德拉)

      Mandela, the South African black political leader and former president, was awarded 1993 Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to antiracism and antiapartheid.Nelson Mandela is one of the great moral and political leaders of our time: an international hero whose lifelong dedication to the fight against racial oppression in South Africa won him the Nobel Peace Prize and the presidency of his country.Since his triumphant release in 1990 from more than a quarter-century of imprisonment, Mandela has been at the centre of the most compelling and inspiring political drama in the world.As president of the African National Congress and head of South Africa‘s antiapartheid movement, he was instrumental in moving the nation toward multiracial government and majority rule.He is revered everywhere as a vital force in the fight for human rights and racial equality.用于英雄、斗爭/大眾觀點(diǎn)類(非暴力)/

      6.Beethoven(貝多芬)

      Beethoven, the German Composer, began to lose his hearing in 1801 and was entirely deaf by 1819.However, this obstacle could not keep him from becoming one of the most famous and prolific composers in art history.His music, including 9 symphonies, 5 piano concertos, several senates and so on, formes a transition from classical to romantic composition.用于成功 / 英雄 / 困難類 7.George Bush(喬治 布什)

      On January 16, 1991, President Bush ordered the commencement of Operation Desert Storm, a massive U.S.-led military offensive against Iraq in the Persian Gulf.In late 1992, Bush ordered U.S.troops into Somalia, a nation devastated by drought and civil war.The peacekeeping mission would prove the most disastrous since Lebanon, and President Clinton abruptly called it off in 1993.用于成功 / 英雄 / 困難類

      8.Jimmy Carter(吉米卡特)

      President Carter's policy of placing human rights records at the forefront of America's relationships with other nations contributed to a cooling of Cold War relations in the late 1970s.In 1980, for the first time in seven years, Fidel Castro authorized emigration out of Cuba by the country's citizens.The United States welcomed the Cubans, but later took steps to slow the tide when evidence suggested that Castro was using the refugee flight to empty his prisons.用于成功 / 英雄 / 困難類/斗爭、9.Neville Chamberlain(內(nèi)維爾張伯倫)

      In 1938, British Prime Minister Chamberlain signed the Munich Pact with Adolf Hitler, an agreement that gave Czechoslovakia away to Nazi conquest while bringing, as Chamberlain promised, “peace in our time.”

      Eleven months after the signing of the Munich Pact, Germany broke the peace in Europe by invading Poland.A solemn Chamberlain had no choice but to declare war, and World War II began in Europe.不喜歡他,不說了...10.Raoul Wallenberg(瓦倫堡)

      Raoul Wallenberg was a young Swedish aristocrat.In 1944 he left the safety of his country and entered Budapest.Over the next year he outwitted the Nazis and saved as many as 100,000 Jews(he was not himself Jewish)from the death camps.In 1945 he was arrested by the Russians, charged with spying, and imprisoned in a Russian labor camp.用于道德類/英雄、自救(Conscience is a more powerful motivation than money,fame and power)

      11.George Soros--(喬治 索斯洛)the financial crocodile Soros, who at one stage after the fall of the Berlin Wall was providing more assistance to Russia than the US government, believes in practising what he preaches.His Open Society Institute has been pivotal in helping eastern European countries develop democratic societies and market economies.Soros has the advantage of an insider's knowledge of the workings of global capitalism, so his criticism is particularly pointed.Last year, the Soros foundation's network spent nearly half a billion dollars on projects in education, public health and promoting democracy, making it one of the world's largest private donors.用于大眾觀點(diǎn)類:(媒體 / 團(tuán)體 / 主流)

      12.Paul Revere(保羅)

      Our perceptive towards Paul Revere just illustrates this point.According to the romantic legend, he, galloping along of the dark from one farm house to another, alerted the people to the coming British.And of course the story emphasized the courage of one man, made him a hero in our history books.However, his heroism required a matrix of others

      who were already well-prepared to mobilize against the oppressor and he was just one part of a pre-arrange plan.Heroes like Revere have no usefulness apart from a society primed to act.用于英雄、斗爭/勇敢/合作類Cooperation

      13.Henry Ford(亨利 福特)

      Henry ford,one of the most influential inventors in the history, was always inattentive in school.Once ,he and a friend took a watch apart to probe the principle behind it.Angry and upset, the teacher punished him both to stay after school.their punishment was to stay until they had fixed the watch.but the teacher did not know young ford’s genius,in ten minutes,this mechanical wizard had repaired the watch and was on this way home.It is imagination that invigorated Ford to make a through inquiry about things he did not know.He once plugged up the spout of a teapot and placed it on the fire.then he waited to see what would happen.the water boiled and, of course, turned to steam.since the steam had no way to escape, the teapot exploded.the explosion cracked a mirror and broke a window.Ford’s year of curiosity and tinkering paid off,when he built his imagination of horseless carriage into reality, the history of transportation was changed forever

      用于creativity/curiosity/科技類

      15.Alexander Graham Bell(亞歷山大 格雷厄姆貝爾)

      Not realizing the full impact it would have on society, Alexander Graham Bell introduced the first telephone to an amazed audience at America's Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia in 1876.Within a year, Bell had installed 230 phones and established the Bell Telephone Company, which was later transformed into AT&T.In 1997, 643,000,000,000 calls were made by people in the United States alone.用于英雄/創(chuàng)造、科技/影響力類

      考研政治大題答題技巧

      普遍適用規(guī)則:

      在掌握知識量基本相同的情況下,答題技巧的不同可能使總分相差10到20分。政治的考研試卷中大題的分值占百分之六十,而實(shí)際上大題也是技巧性最強(qiáng)的題型。下面向大家介紹大題答題四步曲:第一步:仔細(xì)審題。找出本題目是關(guān)于哪個學(xué)科的哪個章節(jié),在草稿紙上寫下此章節(jié)內(nèi)所有可能與本題有聯(lián)系的基本概念及原理。大多數(shù)題目是跨章節(jié),甚至跨學(xué)科的,要注意思維的發(fā)散性。

      第二步:解釋每一個概念并寫出原理的基本內(nèi)容。如果自己寫出的相關(guān)概念太多,則視試卷留出的空白撿重要的寫,解釋概念和原理一般不要超過本題答題空間的二分之一。什么?

      太多了?不要怕,答多不扣分。但要注意答題時(shí)每個概念和原理要作為一段,字跡要工整清晰。好了,本題目分?jǐn)?shù)的一半你已經(jīng)拿到了,下面進(jìn)行第三步。

      第三步:聯(lián)系實(shí)際。如果本題是論述題,則根據(jù)本題聯(lián)系實(shí)際中的一些現(xiàn)象,給出評價(jià);如果本題是材料題,則材料就是實(shí)際,指出材料中的一些問題,也就是將材料用你學(xué)過的關(guān)于政治的術(shù)語再復(fù)述一遍。這部分一定要有,而且要作為一個段落,如果字跡工整的話,即使這一段答得驢頭不對馬嘴,至少也有兩分。第四步:總結(jié)。這一部分是絕對送分的,但也要有技巧。要將其作為一個段落,如果此題是論述題,則將整個題目再復(fù)述一遍,不要忘了在前面加上一個所以;如果此題是材料題,則提倡材料中好的做法,批評材料中壞的做法。

      如果答大題時(shí)你能熟練地按上面的四步做,大題方面你至少可以比相同水平的其他人多得n分,不信? 試用歷史唯物主義的有關(guān)原理說明“以德治國”與“以法治國”的關(guān)系及其重要意義(2002年政治重中之重)。首先仔細(xì)讀題目,題目中已經(jīng)告訴我們是用馬哲中的歷史唯物主義的幾章的原理,而以法治國和以德治國是鄧論中的內(nèi)容,因此要考慮將兩個學(xué)科結(jié)合起來答題。表面上看題目中有兩個基本概念以法治國和以德治國,聯(lián)系到馬哲,以德治國便是是道德問題,是上層建筑;以法治國便是法制問題。如此以來,此題需要答的基本概念和原理有:道德,法制,以德治國,以法治國,上層建筑,道德與法制的關(guān)系,以法治國和以德治國的關(guān)系。然后聯(lián)系實(shí)際,這一步?jīng)]關(guān)系,只要稍微寫兩句而且字跡工整便不失大格。最后總結(jié),好像這里把題目重抄一遍不順口,其實(shí)只要稍微一改便行:要把以法治國和以德治國相結(jié)合。

      下面我們看一下標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:

      1)歷史唯物主義認(rèn)為道德與法制既有聯(lián)系又有區(qū)別,二者的區(qū)別表現(xiàn)在:道德的概念;法制的概念;道德與法制的關(guān)系。

      2)歷史唯物主義又認(rèn)為,社會的經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)決定上層建筑的產(chǎn)生、性質(zhì)和變化;上層建筑反作用于經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)。社會主義的法律和道德是社會主義上層建筑的重要組成部分,它對經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)的發(fā)展有重大意義。

      3)以法治國和以德治國又是相輔相成,不可分割的。以法治國的概念;以德治國的概念;以法治國和以德治國的關(guān)系。

      4)把以德治國和以法治國緊密的結(jié)合起來,是建設(shè)有中國特色的社會主義的要求,也是社會主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的要求。怎么樣,是不是感到大題的簡單了?上面是我總結(jié)的幾條關(guān)于政治考研的技巧,如果你能真正掌握它,不好意思,你的政治考研分?jǐn)?shù)再也沒有希望低于70分了。論述題:

      第一步:仔細(xì)審題。

      建議考生找出本題目是關(guān)于哪個科學(xué)的哪個章節(jié),在草稿紙上寫下此章節(jié)內(nèi)所有可能與本題有聯(lián)系的基本概念及原理。大多數(shù)題目是跨章節(jié),甚至跨學(xué)科的,要注意思維的發(fā)散性。第二步:解釋每一個概念并寫出原理的基本內(nèi)容。如果自己寫出的相關(guān)概念太多,建議視試卷留出的空白撿重要的寫,解釋概念和原理一般不要超過本題答題空間的二分之一。什么?太多了?不要怕,答多了不扣分。但考生要注意答題時(shí)每個概念和原理要作為一段,字跡要工整清晰。好了,本題目分?jǐn)?shù)的一半你已經(jīng)拿到了,下面進(jìn)行第三步。

      第三步:聯(lián)系實(shí)際。

      如果本題是論述題,建議考生根據(jù)本題聯(lián)系實(shí)際中的一些現(xiàn)象,給出評價(jià),如果本題是材料題,則材料就是實(shí)際,指出材料中的一些問題,也就是將材料用你學(xué)過的關(guān)于政治的術(shù)語再復(fù)述一遍。這部分一定有要有,而且要作為一個段落,字跡工整。

      第四步;總結(jié)。

      這一部分是絕對送分的,但也要有技巧。將其作為一個段落,如果此題是論述題,則將整個題目再復(fù)述一遍,不要忘了在前面加上一個所以;如果此題是材料題,則提倡材料中好的做法,批評材料中壞的做法。

      上面的四步中好像沒有提過辨析題,辨析題就是一個分值較少而且需要判斷的論述題,除了判斷以外,上面的四步同樣適用。但要求考生特別注意的是辨析題的判斷,千萬不要盲目的說其對錯,例如一些題目的前半部分是對的而后半部分產(chǎn)錯的,有的題目說的不會面,這些都要指出。材料題:

      如何回答政治材料題

      一、政治材料分析題的基本特點(diǎn):

      1、提供情境,包含手段和結(jié)果,要求從結(jié)果的好與壞來判斷所運(yùn)用手段是否合理,并要求提出相應(yīng)的解決辦法。

      2、要求規(guī)范的答題步驟:先答基本原理,引出配套的方法,進(jìn)而用方法來分析材料。

      3、要求多角度分析所蘊(yùn)涵的知識。

      二、解題的基本思路:

      1、從方法入手:先判斷材料所持方法(手段)——根據(jù)知識體系中原理和方法(手段)的固定搭配得出基本原理。

      2、判斷方法最主要的依據(jù)是材料中的重點(diǎn)語句,對重點(diǎn)語句進(jìn)行范疇歸屬判斷,進(jìn)而了解所持手段(方法)。

      3、審題時(shí)應(yīng)注意題目的限制性要求,并由此得出知識體系的大范圍。

      4、應(yīng)注意材料中的效果,如果效果是積極的,說明所持方法(手段)是正確的;如果效果是消極的,說明所持方法(手段)是錯誤的。

      錯誤的情況有很多種,最主要有以下幾種:(1)與正確方法(手段)相對立;(2)主次顛倒;(3)主次不分;(4)割裂本來存在的聯(lián)系。

      5、應(yīng)對材料進(jìn)行層次分析,以便與方法(手段)相對應(yīng)。找出所包含條件(重點(diǎn)語句),回答時(shí)決不能漏掉材料中所包含條件。

      三、答題的基本步驟:

      1、先回答基本原理

      2、其次回答方法(手段)要求

      3、把方法細(xì)化成幾個方面,與材料層次對接,用材料替代原理,一一對應(yīng)。

      四、檢查階段:

      1、應(yīng)注意材料中所包含的條件是否全部用完,如果沒有用完,說明前面所述知識點(diǎn)還有缺漏,應(yīng)補(bǔ)齊。

      2、檢查重點(diǎn)語句范疇判斷是否正確。

      3、檢查步驟是否完整、規(guī)范。是否按照:原理———方法———實(shí)踐分析的步驟。

      五、復(fù)習(xí)的基本要求:

      1、應(yīng)分層對知識進(jìn)行整理,分為“是什么”、“為什么”、“怎么辦”三部分,其中,“是什么”和“為什么”屬于基本原理:“怎么辦”屬于方法(手段)。

      2、“是什么”主要用與范疇判斷,用以審題中的思路引入,即材料中重點(diǎn)語句范疇判斷,借以得出原理。

      3、“為什么”主要指關(guān)系、地位和作用、意義等,它是方法(手段)的理論出發(fā)點(diǎn)。

      4、“怎么辦”是掌握知識點(diǎn)的落腳點(diǎn),也是材料引入的關(guān)鍵。“怎么辦”不能停留在課本的水平上,還應(yīng)與重大時(shí)事、黨的路線、方針、政策相聯(lián)系,把黨的路線、方針、政策細(xì)化、歸并入課本的基本點(diǎn)。

      5、應(yīng)對所有知識進(jìn)行規(guī)范化整理,一方面,把所有知識分解為基本原理和基本要求(方法或手段)兩大塊;另一方面,按大、中、小三個

      角度進(jìn)行整理,“大”指最基本的原理,“中”指課本的具體要求,“小”指黨的路線、方針、政策(它是課本具體要求的細(xì)化);第

      三、應(yīng)注意知識之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系,進(jìn)行橫向整理,以便多角度地思考問題

      分析題答題技巧材料分析題在近幾年考研政治試卷中所占的分值比較重,需要考生加強(qiáng)訓(xùn)練。

      (一)分析題

      解答分析題的基本思路和步驟是:

      1.仔細(xì)審題并抓關(guān)鍵詞。大多數(shù)分析題是跨章節(jié),甚至跨學(xué)科的。答題之前要仔細(xì)閱讀題干、材料及問題,答題之前要仔細(xì)閱讀題干、材料及問題,了解題目需要回答什么,為什么要這樣回答,怎么回答。要注意思維的發(fā)散性。這是做好分析體的第一步,也是最關(guān)鍵的一步。找出本題目是關(guān)于哪個學(xué)科的哪個章節(jié),在草稿紙上寫下此章節(jié)內(nèi)所有可能與本題有聯(lián)系的基本概念及原理。對跨章節(jié),甚至跨學(xué)科的題目,要注意思維的發(fā)散性。審題可以運(yùn)用以下幾種方法:

      (1)逆向?qū)忣}法:先搞清楚題目問什么?有幾問?然后帶著問題閱讀材料。這樣做可以不必要地重復(fù)審題,節(jié)省寶貴的考試時(shí)間。

      (2)尋找關(guān)鍵詞:抓關(guān)鍵詞語,力求搞清每段材料的中心含義,努力回憶與此相關(guān)的課文理論,并注意篩選。

      (3)分析層次法:對一大段材料的要分層并弄清每層意思,這種層次性既體現(xiàn)在題干的表述或材料中,也會明確出現(xiàn)在題后的設(shè)問中。通過分析,抓住試題的主旨,再按其要求分別回答,這樣可以避免遺漏。

      2.閱讀材料并組織答案。在審清題意的基礎(chǔ)上,仔細(xì)閱讀題干或者材料。閱讀時(shí)可邊閱讀邊劃出材料中帶有結(jié)論性或傾向性的話語,或者在草稿紙上寫下相關(guān)信息(注意不要沉溺于細(xì)節(jié)、事例或者數(shù)字),同時(shí)搜索、提取大腦中平時(shí)儲存的相關(guān)知識,然后理清思路,組織答案。

      3.答題時(shí)注意:

      (1)凡問現(xiàn)象的問題,首先回答表象,即看到什么,就回答什么,不需太展開,簡要回答即可。隨后,必須回答現(xiàn)象之后隱含的實(shí)質(zhì)(本質(zhì)),這才是重點(diǎn)。

      (2)凡是“分析”、“評述”的,就需要用原理緊扣材料進(jìn)行分析。一般的思路是先表述相關(guān)原理,然后再聯(lián)系材料中的現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行分析、評述,可按是什么、為什么、怎么樣的思路組織答案。

      (3)回答問題注意層次性,要行文規(guī)范,簡潔干練,表述準(zhǔn)確,答案能緊扣要點(diǎn),切忌東拉西扯、繁瑣冗長。

      (二)材料分析題

      材料分析在2006年統(tǒng)一歸進(jìn)了分析題中,其形式獨(dú)特,分值比例大,難度也不小,是考生考研中的一大難點(diǎn),這里就單獨(dú)列出再講述一下其答題技巧??忌诮獯鸩牧戏治鲱}時(shí)要注意兩點(diǎn):一要注重聯(lián)系實(shí)際,材料歸納出來后,用相關(guān)的事實(shí)理論做依據(jù)進(jìn)行分析。二是結(jié)合理論分析問題時(shí),要盡可能全面。材料涉及幾個點(diǎn),答題時(shí)就要將這幾個點(diǎn)答全,每個點(diǎn)不需要展開太多,但要把基本要點(diǎn)說到。解答材料題時(shí),尤其要注意層次和邏輯,不要自相矛盾,在答案中最好把觀點(diǎn)一一羅列出來,便于閱卷教師找到要點(diǎn)。

      解答材料式分析題的基本要求:在理論部分,要求準(zhǔn)確選擇與解題有關(guān)的基礎(chǔ)知識。這是解

      題的主導(dǎo)部分,是命題的出發(fā)點(diǎn)、立足點(diǎn)和依據(jù)。要準(zhǔn)確、簡潔地回答出有關(guān)理論知識內(nèi)容。這一部分答好了,就能為下一步解題做好鋪墊,使后面的分析論述有理有據(jù)。

      首先,“掐頭取尾”,看題干提示句和題后要求回答的問題。一般的材料題開題就有一句:“下面是一組關(guān)于......的材料”,這就給考生在閱讀時(shí)獲取什么樣的信息界定了范圍,使閱讀不再盲目,以獲取相關(guān)信息為重;然后,再迅速瀏覽題后問題,問題的要求又進(jìn)一步縮小了信息取舍的范圍,什么是“的”,在這里就確定了。最后,帶著問題閱讀材料。

      其次,仔細(xì)而快速地閱讀材料。認(rèn)真研讀試題材料,準(zhǔn)確把握材料內(nèi)容,深挖材料內(nèi)涵。材料分析題的材料靈活多變,無一固定模式。有文字型的、圖表型的:文字型的可分為摘自報(bào)刊、古籍、文件、人物講話,也有命題者描述某種現(xiàn)象,提出幾種觀點(diǎn)的;圖表型的有漫畫、表格、地圖、歷史文物圖片、函數(shù)圖等。材料可能是一則,也可能有多則;既有單一類型的,也有文字型、圖表型混合的;材料長短也各異,有的十分簡短,有的篇幅冗長。不管材料以何種形式出現(xiàn),認(rèn)真閱讀材料是基礎(chǔ),掌握其中信息是關(guān)鍵。

      一般的材料提供信息很多,有主有次,還有重復(fù)的,這就提醒考生在做這類試題、閱讀材料時(shí),邊讀邊用鉛筆將含義相同的歸類,并用1、2、3、......標(biāo)注,對重要的核心句或者關(guān)鍵詞,在下面畫線,以備答題時(shí)直接應(yīng)用,避免大量的重復(fù)閱讀,造成無為的浪費(fèi)。第三,利用獲取的信息回答問題。在答題論述時(shí),要求做到觀點(diǎn)和材料的統(tǒng)一。這是解題的主體部分,要求考生用選定的基礎(chǔ)理論知識,聯(lián)系題中的材料進(jìn)行分析論述,把理論與實(shí)際、觀點(diǎn)與事實(shí)結(jié)合起來,即做到事理交融,觀點(diǎn)統(tǒng)帥材料。要緊扣材料分析,或從材料中提煉出觀點(diǎn),或用觀點(diǎn)分析材料,或用材料論證觀點(diǎn)。防止就事論事,或就理論談理論。第四,簡短有力地做好小結(jié)。在小結(jié)部分,要牢牢抓住題意,適可而止。這是答題的結(jié)尾部分,是解題的落腳點(diǎn)。在結(jié)尾時(shí),或針砭時(shí)弊,或點(diǎn)明意義,或聯(lián)系自身,這些都要從題意出發(fā),恰到好處,總的要求是思路清晰、表述簡練、視角豐富,達(dá)到用畫龍點(diǎn)睛、升華主題的目的就可。

      第三篇:英語作文中的通知

      英語作文中的通知范文(官方通知,口頭通知,書面通知)一.用英語書寫正式的官方通知

      學(xué)校辦公室通知,為了迎接“教師節(jié)”, 學(xué)校準(zhǔn)備開會慶祝,校長將要在會上講話,表彰三好學(xué)生(the three-good student),先進(jìn)班級(the advanced class)和優(yōu)秀教師(the model teacher),各班還準(zhǔn)備了精彩節(jié)目.時(shí)間:9月9日下午兩點(diǎn)(星期三).地點(diǎn):學(xué)校大禮堂.希望全體師生準(zhǔn)時(shí)到會.注意:1.詞數(shù):100左右.2.參考詞匯:表彰to be commended

      提供參考的通知作文范文: In order to celebrate the Teachers’ Day, a meeting is to be held at the meeting hall at 2:00pm on Wednesday, Sep.9.Our headmaster will make a speech at the meeting.The three-good students, advanced classes and model teachers will be commended.Wonderful performances will be put on for celebration.All the teachers and students are required to attend the meeting on time.The School Office Sep.8, 2005

      二.英語書面通知作文示例:

      假如你是班長,學(xué)校決定對全體學(xué)生進(jìn)行一次體檢,請你用英語寫一份書面通知。其時(shí)間安排和內(nèi)容如下: 體檢地點(diǎn) 市第二人民醫(yī)院 體檢時(shí)間 2007年10月19日上午 集合地點(diǎn)和時(shí)間 校門口,上午7:30 交通 學(xué)校安排汽車接送,本班汽車號碼是 粵C—36705 注意事項(xiàng) 體檢前空腹

      [作文要求] 只能使用5個句子表達(dá)全部的內(nèi)容。[作文評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)] 句子結(jié)構(gòu)的準(zhǔn)確性,信息內(nèi)容的完整性和連貫性。

      提供參考的通知作文范文: Notice Our headmaster has decided that all the students in our school will go to have a physical examination at the No.2 People’s Hospital on the morning of Oct.19, 2007.The school will arrange several buses to take us there.The bus number of our class is Yue C_36705.Please gather at 7:00 am at the school gate.Remember that we are required by the doctor not to eat anything until the examination is over.三.英語中口頭通知作文實(shí)例:

      假如你是班級團(tuán)支部書記,團(tuán)委將組織團(tuán)員星期天去火車站義務(wù)勞動,請你向全班同學(xué)作口頭通知,其時(shí)間安排和內(nèi)容如下:

      對象 全體團(tuán)員 集合時(shí)間 7:00 集合地點(diǎn) 學(xué)校大門口 出發(fā)時(shí)間 8:00 其他 自帶清潔工具

      [作文要求] 只能使用5個句子表達(dá)全部的內(nèi)容。

      提供參考的口頭通知作文范文: Dear classmates, I’ve something to tell you.The school League Committee has decided to organize a volunteer activity for the League members this weekend---to do general cleaning at the railway station.All the League members are required to gather at the school gate at 7:30 am on Sunday.We are to start for the station at 8:00 am.Please don’t forget to bring along with you cleaning tools.Notice A student concert will be held at 2:30 this Friday afternoon in Rose Music Hall.Those who want to take part in it please remember that it is not allowed to have drinks as well as food there.Besides, what we should keep in mind is that we should not take photos or make noises during the performance, which will surely have a bad effect on it.Finally, all the students can go home after enjoying the wonderful performance.Wish you have a good time there!

      第四篇:高一英語關(guān)聯(lián)詞

      1.表示舉例的關(guān)聯(lián)詞

      for example,for instance,that is to say, namely

      2.表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的關(guān)聯(lián)詞句

      above all,then,next, finally,furthermore

      compared to ,moreover , what’s more

      3.表示強(qiáng)調(diào)的關(guān)聯(lián)詞句

      there is no doubt that, it is…that, especially, primarily, chiefly, actually, otherwise, afterall, as a matter of fact,in fact

      4.表示比較的關(guān)聯(lián)詞

      as, too, also, likewise, as well,either,similarly, at the same time, in the same way

      5.表示轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)聯(lián)詞

      but, still, on the other hand, on the contrary, although, neverthless, nonetheless, contrary to, and yet, however, conversely, despite, after all, instead

      6.表示因果關(guān)系的關(guān)聯(lián)詞

      原因since,as,so,because(of),due to,owing to,the reason why,in other words,leads to

      結(jié)果accordingly, as a result, in consequence of, because, consequently, therefore, since, thus, for this purpose, to this end

      7.表示結(jié)論的關(guān)聯(lián)詞

      all in all, altogether, finally, in brief, in sum, to sum up ,in conclusion, in short, in summary, on the whole,8.表示作者態(tài)度的詞 ironically, fortunately, to the disappointment of, unfortuately, strangely enough

      9.Addition 此外

      in addition,and,similarly,likewise,as well as,besides,furthermore,also,moreover,too,not only … but,even,besides this/that

      10.Certainty 確定 obviously,certainly,plainly,of course,undoubtedly

      11.Time 時(shí)間before,since,as,until,meanwhile,at the moment,when,whenever,as soon as,just as

      第五篇:大學(xué)生英語作文中語法錯誤的分析

      大學(xué)生英語作文中語法錯誤的分析

      大學(xué)生在特殊疑問句中最常發(fā)生語序錯誤,如用短語代替句子“How to make the living conditionbetter”,或用正常語序代替倒裝語序“Why theliving condition in large cities becomes so bad”。這是典型的用漢語思維應(yīng)用英語的例子。

      3.動詞使用錯誤

      英語中的大部分動詞有固定的用法,如一些使令性和表建議的動詞引導(dǎo)的從句要用虛擬語氣,一些動詞后只能用不定式,一些動詞后只能用動名詞,一些動詞后只能用去掉to的不定式,一些動詞是不及物動詞,一些動詞是及物動詞。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),大學(xué)生經(jīng)常使用且容易出錯的動詞有suggest,make,give,help,cause,afford,need,develop等。如在“I sug—gest we will build more houses to hold them”、“The gap between the city and the rural areasmake many graduates to be reluctant to leave thegood conditions”、“Only rich people can afford”等句子中,這些動詞屬英語中的常用動詞,教師在課堂上都進(jìn)行了講解,但仍有學(xué)生混淆其用法。

      4.搭配錯誤

      將漢語的思維用于英語寫作而造成的搭配錯誤在大學(xué)生的作文中比比皆是,其中主謂搭配錯誤最為突出,在選取的100篇文章中共出現(xiàn)了128次,有的學(xué)生在1篇作文中甚至多次出現(xiàn)這樣的錯誤。如在“Nowadays the housing station isn’t optimistic inlarge cities”、“Buying a house needs a lot of money”、“SO the customers are limited”、“When the livingcondition is higher than before,I think there willbe less people leaving their homeland"等句子中,學(xué)生將漢語中的一些表達(dá)法原封不動地套用在英語中,導(dǎo)致了錯誤的發(fā)生。

      三、對教學(xué)的啟示

      通過對大學(xué)生英語學(xué)習(xí)中存在錯誤的分析,課題組認(rèn)為可以通過兩個方面的努力來幫助學(xué)生避免錯誤的發(fā)生。

      首先,許多英語語法錯誤都屬于語際遷移錯誤。Selinker等語言學(xué)家認(rèn)為,第二語言學(xué)習(xí)者的語言應(yīng)當(dāng)被看作一個內(nèi)在的語言系統(tǒng),它是介于第一語言和第二語言之間的過渡語,學(xué)習(xí)者通過語言遷移、語內(nèi)遷移、訓(xùn)練遷移、外語學(xué)習(xí)策略、外語交際策略等手段構(gòu)建自己的中介語結(jié)構(gòu)。中國學(xué)生的外語學(xué)習(xí)過程是一種新知識的學(xué)習(xí)過程,學(xué)習(xí)者大多通過課堂活動學(xué)習(xí)外語,借助教學(xué)手段習(xí)得該語言的知識和能力,在此過程中建立起來的中介語體系不可能像母語那樣完整和自然,當(dāng)他們不能用目的語知識有效地進(jìn)行語言活動時(shí),母語的知識就被用來填補(bǔ)這一空白,故而會發(fā)生語際遷移。這對大學(xué)英語教學(xué)有很大的啟發(fā)。如果教師能把語言對比、錯誤分析、文化比較與語言習(xí)得有機(jī)地結(jié)合起來,就能幫助學(xué)生有效地利用已知知識實(shí)現(xiàn)漢語思維向英語思維的正遷移。因此,教師在講解英語課文時(shí),應(yīng)更加注重對課文進(jìn)行語篇分析。如果在最初的2個學(xué)期能引入更多的英語與漢語的對比分析,將對學(xué)生英語語法知識的鞏固及其運(yùn)用能力的提高起到有效的促進(jìn)作用。

      其次,從學(xué)生出現(xiàn)的語內(nèi)遷移錯誤中發(fā)現(xiàn),學(xué)生并非不了解一些語法規(guī)則。因?yàn)槿绻@些語法以選擇題的形式出現(xiàn),大多數(shù)學(xué)生毫無困難。由此可以推出,問題的本質(zhì)在于缺乏實(shí)際的練習(xí)。SharwoodSmith指出,大部分即席語言運(yùn)用來自練習(xí)。他認(rèn)為,直接集中精力學(xué)習(xí)過語法并有很多機(jī)會在有意義的語境中聯(lián)系使用語法的學(xué)習(xí)者,更有可能把語法規(guī)則牢牢地儲存在長期記憶中并正確使用。大學(xué)生的英語語法錯誤所暴露出的一個教學(xué)弱點(diǎn)是,大學(xué)英語的語法教學(xué)沒有足夠的練習(xí)與之配合。這里所謂的練習(xí)并非指教材中常出現(xiàn)的選擇、填

      空等枯燥的練習(xí),而是指貼近實(shí)際的產(chǎn)出性的口語或?qū)懽骶毩?xí)。因此,英語教師應(yīng)在英語語法授課之后,圍繞課文中出現(xiàn)的重點(diǎn)語法現(xiàn)象設(shè)計(jì)一些練習(xí),使學(xué)生能夠?qū)⑺鶎W(xué)語法進(jìn)行實(shí)際的運(yùn)用。這樣,語法知識必將在學(xué)生的腦海里留下更持久的印記。

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