第一篇：大苗英文整理

Horner綜合征：肺癌壓迫經交感神經，出現(xiàn)孔小、球陷、同垂、無汗癥狀 Pancoast瘤：肝上溝瘤 RTE：肺血栓栓塞

ARDS：急性呼吸窘迫綜合征 AB：實際碳酸氫鹽 SB：標準碳酸氫鹽

SIRS：系統(tǒng)炎癥反應綜合征 MODS：多器官功能障礙綜合征 AOA：腺苷脫氫酶 LDH：乳酸脫氫酶 Curling：燒傷引起的胃潰瘍

Cushing：中樞神經系統(tǒng)引起的胃潰瘍 DU：十二指腸潰瘍 “杜十娘餓了更迷人” GU：胃潰瘍

Krubenberg瘤：胃癌種植轉移到盆腔 TACE：肝癌肝動脈栓塞化療

Charcot三聯(lián)征：腹痛、寒戰(zhàn)高熱、黃疸 PTE：經皮肝穿刺膽管造影 ERCP：急性梗阻性化膿性膽管炎

Reyhold五聯(lián)征：痛、熱、黃+休克、昏迷 Grey-Turner征：兩側腰部、協(xié)腹部皮膚青紫 Cullen征：臍周皮膚青紫 Roving：結腸充氣試驗 Psoas：腰大肌試驗 Obturator：閉孔內肌實驗

Miles手術：經腹會陰聯(lián)合直腸癌根治術 Dixon手術 ：經腹腔直腸癌切除術

Hantmann手術：經腹直腸癌切除、人工肛門遠端封閉術 Trietz韌帶：十二指腸懸韌帶 BNP：腦鈉肽 ANP：心鈉肽

Killip：急性心梗用，心功能分級（濕啰音）NYHA：非急性心梗用（運動）ZNR：凝血酶原國際化比值 Vlavsva動作：吸氣-屏氣-呼氣 BMI：=體重/身高的平方 PTCA：冠脈成形術 CABG：冠脈搭橋術 CKMB：肌酸激酶同工酶

Austin-flimt雜音：主動脈瓣關閉不全，胸骨左緣第3肋間舒張期雜音，心尖區(qū)聽到舒張期隆隆樣雜音

Janeway：手掌、腳掌出血 Olser：手指指腹紅色小結、出血 Roth；視網膜出血

Ewart：左肩胛骨下叩診濁音，聽診支氣管呼吸音 Beck三聯(lián)征：急性心臟壓塞三聯(lián)征 CVP：中心靜脈壓 PCWP：肺毛細血管契壓 CI：心臟指數(shù)

Buerger試驗：肢體抬高試驗

Terndelenburg試驗：大隱靜脈瓣膜功能試驗 Perthes試驗：深靜脈通暢試驗 Pratt試驗：交通靜脈瓣膜試驗 Guthrie試驗：苯丙酮尿癥，新生兒試驗 Koplik斑：見于小兒麻疹 DOTS：短程督導 化療，兒科結核 MCV：紅細胞平均容積

MCHC：紅細胞平均血紅蛋白濃度 Brown-Sequard：半切綜合征 Romborg：閉目難立征

Battle斑：顱后窩 乳突部有出血點、瘀斑 TIA：短暫性腦缺血發(fā)作 Wallenberg：延髓背外側綜合征 Lock-in綜合征：閉鎖綜合征 DSA：數(shù)字血管造影 AD：老年癡呆

VD：血管癡呆

Verick腦?。汉染瞥霈F(xiàn)眼球震顫，不能外展，有意識障礙 SSRIS：選擇性五羥色胺攝取抑制劑 抗GBM：抗腎小球基底膜型 ANCA抗體：抗中性粒細胞胞漿抗體 CTX：環(huán)磷酰胺 IVP：靜脈腎盂造影 IVU：靜脈尿路造影 KUB：尿路平片

Turp：經尿道前列腺切除術 GFR：腎小球濾過率 EPO：促紅細胞生成素 PCP：卡氏肺孢子蟲肺炎 ELISA：酶聯(lián)免疫吸附試驗 PCR：聚合酶鏈 PRL瘤：泌乳素瘤

Graves：彌漫性毒性甲狀腺腫 TRH：促甲狀腺激釋放激素

Somgui現(xiàn)象：半夜低血糖，清晨高血糖

Whipple三聯(lián)征：

1、清晨空腹發(fā)作，有神經精神癥狀，2、發(fā)作血糖＜2.8，3、給予葡萄糖立即緩解

PTU：丙基硫氧嘧啶

Addison病：原發(fā)性慢性腎上腺皮質功能減退癥 VMA：香草扁桃酸

OGTT：口服葡萄糖耐量試驗 PNH：陣發(fā)性睡眠性血紅蛋白尿 Coombs試驗：抗人球蛋白試驗 Ham試驗：酸溶血試驗 ALL：急淋 ANLL：非急淋 Pas：糖原染色試驗 NSE：非特異性酯酶染色 NAP：中性粒細胞堿性磷酸酶 CML：慢粒

MDS：骨髓增生異常綜合征 MTX：甲氨蝶呤 HL：霍奇金淋巴瘤 NHL：非霍奇金淋巴瘤 ATRA：全反式維甲酸 VP方案：長春新堿+潑尼松 DA方案：柔紅霉素+阿糖胞苷

ABVD方案：阿霉素、博來霉素、長春新堿、甲氮咪胺 CHOP方案：環(huán)磷酰胺、阿霉素、長春新堿、潑尼松 MPT方案：美法侖、潑尼松、沙丁度胺 BT：出血時間 CT：凝血時間 PT：凝血酶原時間

APTT：部分凝血活酶時間 AKP：血清堿性磷酸酶

Cooper韌帶：乳房懸韌帶，酒窩征 Paget病：濕疹樣癌

CAF方案：環(huán)磷酰胺、阿霉素、氟尿嘧啶 CMF方案：環(huán)磷酰胺、甲氨蝶呤、氟尿嘧啶 CTD：彌漫性結締組織病 PSS：干燥綜合征 PA：類風濕性關節(jié)炎 SSC：系統(tǒng)性硬化病 AS：強直性脊柱炎 OA：骨性關節(jié)炎

Relter綜合征：反應性關節(jié)炎 Forment征：夾紙試驗

Monteggia骨折：孟氏骨折，尺骨上三分之一骨折，合并橈骨小頭脫位 Galeazzi骨折：蓋氏骨折，橈骨下三分之一骨折，合并尺骨小頭脫位 Colles骨折：伸直型骨折 Smith骨折：屈曲型骨折

Chance骨折：椎體水平狀撕裂骨折 Jefferson骨折：第一頸椎骨折 Dugas征：杜加征，搭肩試驗

Hippocrates法：足蹬法，肩關節(jié)復位 Allis法：提拉法，髖關節(jié)脫位復位法

Mills征：伸肌腱牽拉試驗 Finkelstein征：握拳尺偏試驗 Eaton征：上肢牽拉試驗 Spurling征：壓頭試驗 Heberden結節(jié)：見于骨關節(jié)炎 CCP抗體：環(huán)瓜氨酸肽抗體 Thomas征：見于髖關節(jié)結核 Codman三角：見于骨肉瘤 HCG：人絨毛膜促性腺激素 HPL：人胎盤生乳素 LH：黃體生成素 FSH：卵泡刺激素

Braxtion Hicks收縮：妊娠12-14周，子宮第一次出現(xiàn)不規(guī)律、無痛收縮 LOA：左枕前 NST：無應激試驗 OCT：縮宮素激惹試驗 TC方案：紫杉醇+卡鉑

BEP方案：博來霉素 +依托泊苷+順鉑 Asherman綜合征：人流、刮宮等導致的閉經

第二篇：2013年大苗老師筆記-醫(yī)學倫理學

醫(yī)學倫理學

第一節(jié)緒論

1、醫(yī)學道德的:反應醫(yī)學的本質特征是-醫(yī)德，道德經濟基礎決定

2、道德要求：核心—為人民服務，以集體主義為原則，五愛為基本要求。

3、倫理學---理論：美德論---柏拉圖 義務論----康德功利論----邊沁和密爾

4、醫(yī)學倫理學

1、三個顯著的特征：實踐性（主要-判斷的唯一標準）、繼承性、時代性。

5、醫(yī)學倫理學任務：反應社會對醫(yī)院的需求，醫(yī)學導向，以及為符合道德的醫(yī)院進行辯護。

6、歷史發(fā)展：1）晉代楊泉《物理論》：“夫醫(yī)者，非仁愛之十不可托也”2）《希波克拉底誓言》-西方醫(yī)學道德規(guī)范：不傷害原則，為患者謀利益原則，保密原則3）張仲景:《傷寒雜病論》，精研方術，知人愛人。孫思邈:《千金要方》:人命至重，有貴千金，大醫(yī)精成4)托馬斯帕茨瓦爾--作為學科出現(xiàn)--《醫(yī)學倫理學》5）《日內瓦公約》--中立人道

7、模式：生物—心理—社會醫(yī)學模式(恩格爾--20世紀70年代)

第二節(jié)醫(yī)學道德的規(guī)范體系

一醫(yī)學道德的基本原則：

1、不傷害原則：出發(fā)點為患者好，不能傷害其他患者及社會利益--兩者相權取其輕

2、有利原則：小利服從大利

3、尊重原則：尊重病人及其理性決定

4、公正原則；形式上公正，實質上公正

二、醫(yī)學道德基本規(guī)范:行為準則--成語.三、醫(yī)學道德的基本范疇

1、權利和義務：(權利---應得的，被動的)

①行使權利時表現(xiàn)出的3個特點：自主性、權威性、特殊性②特殊干預權：自殺、隔離、與高度危險的，隱瞞真相--癌癥能否告知真相

2、情感和良心：1）醫(yī)德情感：同情感--最低級；責任感--最具有穩(wěn)定性；事業(yè)感---最高級。2）醫(yī)德良心：能動作用：選擇---行為前監(jiān)督----行為中評價----行為后

3、審慎與保密：1）為病人保密；2）對病人保密---對于某些可能給病人帶來沉重精神打擊的診斷和預后----承受能力

第三節(jié)醫(yī)療活動中的人際關系道德

一、醫(yī)患關系道德基本內容：

1、技術關系--用手，非技術關系--用嘴

2、醫(yī)學模式:主動模式--昏迷麻醉--父母與嬰兒，指導合作--急性病或手術后--意識清醒--父母與幼兒，共同合作--慢性病--糖尿病.高血壓--成人與成人

3、醫(yī)患關系的性質：法律上----醫(yī)療契約性關系 倫理上----醫(yī)患關系是信托關系

4、病人的道德權利：生命健康權，醫(yī)療保障權，疾病的認知權，知情同意權，隱私保護權，醫(yī)療服務的選擇權以及病歷復印權，病案封存權。獲得休息和免除社會責任權

5、病人的道德義務：提供信息、配合醫(yī)生、遵守制度、支持學習

二、醫(yī)務人員之間的關系的道德：1）共同維護患者的利益和社會公益—醫(yī)務人員的共同義務和天職2）互相學習，共同提高。3）彼此平等，互相尊重

第四節(jié)公共衛(wèi)生倫理

1、對象是人

2、以預防為主，防治結合傳染病，以公共參與為原則，信息公開。

第五節(jié)臨床醫(yī)學實踐道德

一.臨床診療的醫(yī)學道德原則：1.整體性原則，2.最優(yōu)化原則（小錢治大?。?，3.知情同意

原則，4.協(xié)調一致原則。

臨床診斷原則：1）詢問病史--語言得當，耐心傾聽2)體格檢查--全面系統(tǒng)，認真細致，尊重患者，心真無私3）輔助檢查--大夫--目的純正，綜合分析；醫(yī)技人員--工作敏捷，加強協(xié)助

二、臨終關懷的醫(yī)學道德：臨終關懷道德意義：人道主義在醫(yī)學領域內的升華 臨終關懷的根本目的：提高臨終患者的生存質量桑德斯----創(chuàng)建臨終關懷

三、人體死亡的醫(yī)學道德：腦死亡的標準是哈弗醫(yī)學院制定:判斷腦死亡的標準4無2排除:

1、死亡標準:1）、不可逆深度昏迷.2）、無自主的肌肉運動和無自主呼吸3)無反射 4）無腦電波

2、腦死亡倫理意義：1）更科學地判斷人的死亡 2）維護了患者的尊嚴3）有利于節(jié)約衛(wèi)生資源和減輕家屬負擔4）有利于器官移植 注：1,2-動機和直接目的，3、4實施腦死亡的間接效果

3、安樂死--按方式:主動--積極安樂死--促死或用藥，被動--消極安樂死--等死--拔氣管，呵呵死，閉著眼睛死--第一個安樂死合法化國家-荷蘭；第二個-比利時;

第六節(jié)醫(yī)學科研的道德

1、人體實驗的道德原則主要依據：《紐倫堡法典》--最早、《赫爾辛基宣言》--芬蘭

2、人體實驗的道德原則：1）必須用于醫(yī)學目的2）知情同意的原則 3）維護受試者利益的原則 4）隨機對照的原則

3、必須通過2/3倫理委員會：看有沒有尊重患者

第七節(jié)醫(yī)學高科技倫理

1、人工受精--男的不行，體外受精--胚胎不行

2、人類輔助生殖技術倫理原則：1）有利于患者的原則2）知情同意的原則3）保護后代的原則:試管嬰兒享有與親身嬰兒同等的權利與義務;不得實施代孕技術;卵泡漿單精注射

可以;1個供精者精子最多只能提供5名婦女受孕；嵌合體胚胎絕對不能做；不得克隆。

4）保密原則5)嚴防商業(yè)化原則

3人體器官移植：必須到法定年齡，必須自愿。(兩個小組:移植小組.搶救小組;搶救不能參加移植手術,兩個小組不能互相參與)

用于醫(yī)學的克隆技術用不到14天的胚胎

第八節(jié)醫(yī)學道德的修養(yǎng)和評價

1、醫(yī)學道德最高境界：大公無私;第二個境界：先公后私--絕大多數(shù)醫(yī)務人員;第三個境界：先私后公-少見第四種--自私自利。

2、醫(yī)學道德評價的方式：包括：社會輿論—廣泛性(最主要)，傳統(tǒng)習俗--持久性，內心信念--深刻性。

第三篇：大畢業(yè)生英文自薦信

大畢業(yè)生英文自薦信

respect leadership:

First, extends the deep respect to your industrious work, in spite of being very busy very thanks you to glance through my

material.Also hoped that it can open the opportunity and the success gate of for me.My name am Ni XX, is the foreign language foreign trade Training college international trade specialized 06 sessions of graduates.The graduation in namely, is facing the future and enterprise's choice, I the position which provides to your firm is interested very much.“in the work the academic society work, the academic society studies in the study”.Three year university life, I record “one point to do farm work sincerely frequently, one point harvest” the maxim and loves the hillock professional spirit, and merges it to the study and the work.Three year study, I mainly studied foreign trade Shan Zheng to study, curricula and so on economic, accounting, market marketing, international trade and practice, foreign trade letters and telegrams, international commerce English, Through the

international trade practice's study and the practice, caused my to further be familiar with the foreign trade service detailed flow, while learned the specialized knowledge, I have also studied

computer's related knowledge, could utilize Office series office softwares well and so on Word, had the good team spirit and the very strong sense of responsibility, could bear hardships and stand hard work, honestly, is self-confident, is professional.As a graduating university graduate, I also lack the rich work experience, but I will work even more diligently, will enrich

themselves and consummates unceasingly.Simultaneously also believed that through own diligently the help which can provide with your firm, I can be competent this work and with your firm together diligently, promotes company's enterprise unceasing development forward.Even if your firm thought that my present condition has not met your

requirement, I will pay attention to your firm's development as always, and expresses I sincerest wish!

“the sea depends on the fish dive extravagantly, day Gao Renniao flies.”I hoped earnestly your firm can give me an opportunity, I take the work filled with warm, the rigorous practical work will serve as the company

Sets sail, depends strength of your east wind.Will be

anticipating your soon answer!

I herewith offer

Salute!

Offering to volunteer person:

on May 30, XX

第四篇：辦公室英文大匯總

會議室Meeting Room 董事長辦公室

President’s Office

總經理辦公室 General Manager's Office 副總經理辦公室

Deputy General Manager's Office

總工程師辦公室

Chief Engineer's Office 總工程師

Chief Engineer

人力資源部

Human Resources Department（縮寫）人事部 HR Dept.財務部

Financial Department

（縮寫）財務部Finance Dept.行政部 Administration Department

（縮寫）Admin Dept.行政人事部Administration & HR Department（縮寫）行政人事部Administration & HR Dept.如果光是行政部：Administration 人事部：Human Resources

在國外都把這兩個概念分開。行政是決定公司或者機構重大問題的部門，我想你多半指的是人事部，因為其實在國外的Human Resources也有調配人員，分配事務的工作。

關于辦公部門英文翻譯:

管理高層：.總公司 ：Head Office 董事室: Director's Office 董事長室Chairman's Office

執(zhí)行董事助理: The assistant of the executive director

總經理室：General Manager Office（總經理室：GM）

財務總監(jiān)CFO=chief finanical officer 開發(fā)部

Development Dept.財務部Finance Dept.財務部經理Finance Dept.Manager，人事行政部: The Personnel Administratio Department 人事行政部Personnel & Admin Dept.秘書室Secretary Room

策劃部Planning Dept.預算部Budget Dept.市場部Marketing Dept.工程設計部Construction & Design Dept.樣品室 Sample Room 會議室Meeting Room

保衛(wèi)室Safe-Guarder Room/Guard Room 策劃部主管Supervisor/Director of Planning Department 傳達室reception room 食堂工作間 Canteen workshop 值班室Room on-duty 質量安全部 Quality Safety Department 部門經理辦公室：Section manager's office

質量和安全部Quality & Safety Department 商務接待室：Business anteroom 會客室——Meeting Room 發(fā)行部——Publish Dept.技術部——Technology Dept.行政部——Administration 項目部——Project Dept.設計部——Design Dept.餐廳——Cafeteria 保安室——Guard Room 儲藏室——Store Room

技術質量部 Technical quality department, 市場運行部market movement department, 設計開發(fā)部design development department VIP貴賓室--VIP room

副總經理---Office of the general assistant manager 助理室---the office of the assistant 經理室---the office of the manager 會議室---the conference room 檔案室---the file room

簽約室一---Reception Room one 簽約室二---Reception Room Two 簽約室三---Reception Room Three 更衣室---Dressing Room 辦公室---office 儲藏室---closet

財務部---accounting department 策劃部---strategy department(division)副總室---the office of vice president 營銷部---the sales department 工程部---engineering department 總師室--the office the general engineer 經理室---office of the manager 物業(yè)管理---property management 促銷部 sales promotion Dept.總務部 Gernal affairs Dept.策劃部,啟化部.drafting barracks 營業(yè)部 Business Offices 公共關系部Public Relations Dept.W.H.Planning 是指華盛敦的計劃

W.H.Planning Architect 是指華盛敦的計劃策劃者.行政部administration department

經理室manager's office

銷售部marketing deparment 電腦室computer center

業(yè)務部business department

經理室general manager's office 客服部consumer service department

洗手間restroom

主任室director's office

檔案室muniment room 工程部engineering department

策劃部scheme department 辦公室秘書office secretary

副經理室Assistant manager room 銷售部sales department 培訓部training department 采購部purchases department 茶水間tea room 會議室conference rooms 接待區(qū)receptions areas 前臺onstage 弱電箱weak battery cases 員工區(qū) work areas 董事長 Board chairman 或者Chairman of the board 營銷總公司 sales general company

綜合辦公室主任 Director of Administration Office

對外銷售部經理 manager of Foreign sales department 或者Foreign sales manager

電子商務部經理 manager of electronic commerce department 或者electronic commerce manager

電子商務部副經理 deputy/vice manager of electronic commerce department 或者electronic commerce deputy/vice manager

市場策劃部副經理 deputy/vice manager of Marketing Department或者Marketing Department-Deputy Manager 客戶服務部經理 manager of customer service department 或者 customer service manager 辦事處主任 director of office 副總經理室 vice general manager 網絡市場部 networks marketing room 技術質檢部 technique and quality checking room 會議室 meeting room

多功能廳 multi-usage room

國際貿易部 international marketing department 國內銷售部 domestic sales department

洽談室 chatting room

貴賓洽談室 vip chating room 生產部 production department 供應部 providing department 男女洗手間 woman/man's toilet 男浴室 man's washing room 女浴室 woman's washing room 總經辦 General Administrative Office 復印室 Copying Room 會議室 Boardroom 機房 Machine Room 信息部 Info.Dept.人事部 HR Dept.財務結算室 Settlement Room 財務單證部 Document Dept.董事、總裁 President Office

董事、副總裁 Director Office Vice-President Office 總裁辦公室 President's Assistant Office

總裁辦、黨辦 President's Assistant Office General Committee Office

資產財務部 Finanical Dept.關于辦公部門英文翻譯:

管理高層：.總公司 ：Head Office 董事室: Director's Office 董事長室Chairman's Office

執(zhí)行董事助理: The assistant of the executive director

總經理室：General Manager Office（總經理室：GM）

財務總監(jiān)CFO=chief finanical officer 開發(fā)部

Development Dept.財務部Finance Dept.財務部經理Finance Dept.Manager，人事行政部: The Personnel Administratio Department 人事行政部Personnel & Admin Dept.秘書室Secretary Room

策劃部Planning Dept.預算部Budget Dept.市場部Marketing Dept.工程設計部Construction & Design Dept.樣品室 Sample Room 會議室Meeting Room

保衛(wèi)室Safe-Guarder Room/Guard Room 策劃部主管Supervisor/Director of Planning Department 傳達室reception room 食堂工作間 Canteen workshop 值班室Room on-duty 質量安全部 Quality Safety Department 部門經理辦公室：Section manager's office

質量和安全部Quality & Safety Department 商務接待室：Business anteroom 會客室——Meeting Room 發(fā)行部——Publish Dept.技術部——Technology Dept.行政部——Administration 項目部——Project Dept.設計部——Design Dept.餐廳——Cafeteria 保安室——Guard Room 儲藏室——Store Room

技術質量部 Technical quality department, 市場運行部market movement department, 設計開發(fā)部design development department VIP貴賓室--VIP room

副總經理---Office of the general assistant manager 助理室---the office of the assistant 經理室---the office of the manager 會議室---the conference room 檔案室---the file room

簽約室一---Reception Room one 簽約室二---Reception Room Two 簽約室三---Reception Room Three 更衣室---Dressing Room 辦公室---office 儲藏室---closet

財務部---accounting department 策劃部---strategy department(division)副總室---the office of vice president 營銷部---the sales department 工程部---engineering department 總師室--the office the general engineer 經理室---office of the manager 物業(yè)管理---property management 促銷部 sales promotion Dept.總務部 Gernal affairs Dept.策劃部,啟化部.drafting barracks 營業(yè)部 Business Offices 公共關系部Public Relations Dept.W.H.Planning 是指華盛敦的計劃

W.H.Planning Architect 是指華盛敦的計劃策劃者.行政部administration department

經理室manager's office

銷售部marketing deparment 電腦室computer center

業(yè)務部business department

經理室general manager's office 客服部consumer service department

洗手間restroom

主任室director's office

檔案室muniment room 工程部engineering department

策劃部scheme department 辦公室秘書office secretary

副經理室Assistant manager room 銷售部sales department 培訓部training department 采購部purchases department 茶水間tea room 會議室conference rooms 接待區(qū)receptions areas 前臺onstage 弱電箱weak battery cases 員工區(qū) work areas 董事長 Board chairman 或者Chairman of the board 營銷總公司 sales general company

綜合辦公室主任 Director of Administration Office

對外銷售部經理 manager of Foreign sales department 或者Foreign sales manager

電子商務部經理 manager of electronic commerce department 或者electronic commerce manager

電子商務部副經理 deputy/vice manager of electronic commerce department 或者electronic commerce deputy/vice manager

市場策劃部副經理 deputy/vice manager of Marketing Department或者Marketing Department-Deputy Manager 客戶服務部經理 manager of customer service department 或者 customer service manager 辦事處主任 director of office 副總經理室 vice general manager 網絡市場部 networks marketing room 技術質檢部 technique and quality checking room 會議室 meeting room

多功能廳 multi-usage room

國際貿易部 international marketing department 國內銷售部 domestic sales department

洽談室 chatting room

貴賓洽談室 vip chating room 生產部 production department 供應部 providing department 男女洗手間 woman/man's toilet 男浴室 man's washing room 女浴室 woman's washing room 總經辦 General Administrative Office 復印室 Copying Room 會議室 Boardroom 機房 Machine Room 信息部 Info.Dept.人事部 HR Dept.財務結算室 Settlement Room 財務單證部 Document Dept.董事、總裁 President Office

董事、副總裁 Director Office Vice-President Office 總裁辦公室 President's Assistant Office

總裁辦、黨辦 President's Assistant Office General Committee Office

資產財務部 Finanical Dept.公司部門的英文縮寫

Inc.表示了公司的性質。

Company Limitid 通常縮寫為Co.ltd.或是精簡為 Ltd.但是這只是指從公司的性質上說，該公司是一個有限公司不是什么其他的公司。公司名稱后面與Co.ltd之間不應再出現(xiàn) company，因為Co.已經包含了公司的意思。

再說回來，Inc.的原形是Incorporation意思是指：組成公司/注冊/合并。如果加在公司名稱后面，多是它的分詞形式，但是已變成一個固有的形容詞匯：Incorporated.使用這種用法，多是美國式的用法，不要加什么Ltd.。但是它的含義卻是：‘某某股份有限公司’重點在于性質是‘股份制’的有限公司，意味著‘按股分公司組成的’、‘組成（股份）公司的’。

在英國用法中，直接將Limited加在公司名稱后即可。表達的是和Inc.同樣一個意思。

Co.abbreviation.Company Inc.abbreviation.Incorporated(used after the name of a company in the US)Ltd.abbreviation.Limited(used after the name of a British company or business)Plc.abbreviation.Public limited company(used after the name of a company or business)(British English)總公司 Head Office 分公司 Branch Office 營業(yè)部 Business Office 人事部 Personnel Department 人力資源部 Human Resources Department 總務部 General Affairs Department 財務部 General Accounting Department 銷售部 Sales Department 促銷部 Sales Promotion Department 國際部 International Department 出口部 Export Department 進口部 Import Department 公共關系 Public Relations Department 廣告部 Advertising Department 企劃部 Planning Department 產品開發(fā)部 Product Development Department 研發(fā)部 Research and Development Department(R&D)秘書室 Secretarial Pool 采購部 Purchasing Department 工程部 Engineering Department 行政部 Admin.Department 人力資源部 HR Department 市場部 Marketing Department 技術部 Technolog Department 客服部 Service Department

行政部 Administration 財務部 Financial Department 總經理室 Direcotor, or President 副總經理室 Deputy Director, or Vice president 總經辦 General Deparment 采購部 Purchase & Order Department 工程部 Engineering Deparment 研發(fā)部 Research Deparment 生產部 Productive Department 銷售部 Sales Deparment 廣東業(yè)務部 GD Branch Deparment 無線事業(yè)部 Wireless Industry Department 拓展部 Business Expending Department 物供部 Supply Department B＆D business and development 業(yè)務拓展部 Marketing 市場部 Sales 銷售部 HR 人力資源部 Account 會計部

PR people relationship 公共關系部

OFC(Office, 但不常見)/ OMB = Office of Management and Budget 辦公室 Finance 財務部

MKTG(Marketing)市場部

R&D(Research & Development)研發(fā)部 MFG(Manufacturing)產品部

Administration Dept.管理部 Purchasing Dept 采購部

Chairman/President Office // Gerneral Manager office or GM office 總經理辦公室

Monitor & Support Department 監(jiān)事會 Strategy Research 戰(zhàn)略研究部

外銷部:Overseas Department,International Sales Section,Export Section 財務科:Financial/Fiscal Department 黨支部:Communist Party Office 會議室:Meeting Room/Hall/Auditorium,或Conference Hall/Auditorium或直接Auditorium, 視其大小而定了。

會客室:Reception Lounge/Room/House,或Meeting Room或Guest Room 質檢科:Back-check Section/Department,Quality-inspection/Quality Control Department 內銷部:Domestic Sales Section/Department

廠長室:Miller/Director/President' Office(這很取決于你們廠的類型和規(guī)模）

行政科:Administration Section/Department,Service section 技術部:Technology Section 檔案室:Archives(Office)生產科:Production/Processing Section

外銷部： EXPORT DEPARTMENT 財務科： FINANCIAL DEPARTMENT 黨支部： BRANCH OF THE PARTY 會議室： MEETING ROOM 會客室： RECEPTION ROOM 質檢科： QUALITY TESTING DEPARTMENT 內銷部： DOMESTIC SALES DEPARTMENT 廠長室： FACTORY DIRECTOR'S ROOM 行政科： ADMINISTRATION DEPARTMENT 技術部： TECHNOLOGY SECTION 檔案室： MUNIMENT ROOM 生產科： MANUFACTURE SECTION

BOM Bill Of Material 物料清單

PS Package Specification 包裝規(guī)範

SPEC Specification 規(guī)格

DWG Drawing 圖面

部類

PMC Production & Material Control 生產和物料控制

PPC Production Plan Control 生產計劃控制

MC Material Control 物料控制

ME Manufacture Engineering 製造工程部

PE Project Engineering 產品工程部

A/C Accountant Dept 會計部

P/A Personal & Administration 人事行政部

DC Document Center 資料中心

QE Quality Engineering 品質工程(部)

QA Quality Assurance 品質保證(處)

QC Quality Control 品質管制(課)

PD Product Department 生產部 LAB Laboratory 實驗室

IE Industrial Engineering 工業(yè)工程

R&D Research & Design 設計開發(fā)部

P Painting 烤漆(廠)

A Assembly 組裝(廠)

S Stamping 沖壓(廠)

生產類

PCS Pieces 個(根,塊等)

PRS Pairs 雙(對等)

CTN Carton 卡通箱

PAL Pallet/skid 棧板

PO Purchasing Order 采購訂單

MO Manufacture Order 生產單

D/C Date Code 生產日期碼

ID/C Identification Code(供應商)識別碼

SWR Special Work Request 特殊工作需求

L/N Lot Number 批號

P/N Part Number 料號

其它

OEM Original Equipment Manufacture 原設備製造

PCE Personal Computer Enclosure 個人電腦外設

PC Personal Computer 個人電腦 CPU Central Processing Unit 中央處理器

SECC SECC` 電解片

SGCC SGCC 熱浸鍍鋅材料

U.S.A the United States of America 美國

A.S.A.P As Soon As Possible 盡可能快的

E-MAIL Electrical-Mail 電子郵件

N/A Not Applicable 不適用

QTY Quantity 數(shù)量

vs.versus 以及.REV Revision 版本

JIT Just In Time 零庫存

I/O Input/Output 輸入/輸出

OK OK 好

NG Not Good 不行,不合格

C=0 Critical=0 極嚴重不允許

ESD Electro Static Discharge 靜電排放

5S 希臘語 整理,整頓,清掃,清潔,教養(yǎng)

ATIN Attention 知會

CC Carbon Copy 副本復印相關人員

APP Approve 核準,認可,承認

CHK Check 確認

AM Ante Meridian 上午 PM Post Meridian 下午

CD Compact Disk 光碟

CD-ROM Compact Disk Read-Only Memory 只讀光碟

FDD Floppy Disk Drive 軟碟機

HDD Hard Disk Drive 碟碟機

REF Reference 僅供參考

CONN Connector 連接器

CAV Cavity 模穴

CAD Computer Aid Design 計算機輔助設計

ASS''''Y Assembly 裝配,組裝

MAT''''S Material 材料

IC Integrated Circuit 集成電路

T/P True Position 真位度

TYP Type 類型

WDR Weekly Delivery Requirement 周出貨需求

C?T Cycle Time 制程周期

L/T Lead Time 前置時間(生產前準備時間)

S/T Standard Time 標準時間

P/M Product Market 產品市場

3C Computer, Communication, Consumer electronics’ 消費性電子

5W2H When, Where, Who, What, Why, How,How many

5M Man, Machine, Material, Method, Measurement

4M1E Man, Machine, Material, Method, Environment

4MIH Man, Material, Money, Method, Time 人力,物力,財務,技術,時間(資源)

SQA Strategy Quality Assurance 策略品質保證

DQA Design Quality Assurance 設計品質保證

MQA Manufacture Quality Assurance 製造品質保證

SSQA Sales and service Quality Assurance 銷售及服務品質保證

LRR Lot Reject Rate 批退率

BS Brain storming 腦力激蕩

EMI Electronic Magnetron Inspect 高磁測試

FMI Frequency Modulator Inspect 高頻測試

B/M Board/Molding(flat cable)

SPS Switching power supply 電源箱

DT Desk Top 臥式(機箱)

MT Mini-Tower 立式(機箱)

LCD Liquid Crystal Display 液晶顯示器

CAD Computer AID Design 計算機輔助設計

CAM Computer AID Manufacturing 計算機輔助制造

CAE Computer AID Engineering 計算機輔助工程 網

BIOS Advanced Basic in put/output system 先進的基本輸入/輸出系統(tǒng)

CMOS Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor 互補金屬氧化物半導體

PDA Personal Digital Assistant 個人數(shù)位助理

IC Integrated Circuit 集成電路

ISA Industry Standard Architecture 工業(yè)標準體制結構

MCA Micro Channel Architecture 微通道結構

EISA Extended Industry Standard Architecture 擴充的工業(yè)標準結構

SIMM Single in-line memory module 單項導通匯流組件

DIMM Dual in-line Memory Module 雙項導通匯流組件

LED Light-Emitting Diode 發(fā)光二級管

FMEA Failure Mode Effectiveness 失效模式分析

W/H Wire Harness 金屬線緒束集組件

F/C Flat Cable 排線

PCB Printed Circuit Board 印刷電路板

CAR Correction Action Report 改善報告

NG Not Good 不良

WPR Weekly Delivery Requirement 周出貨要求

PPM Parts Per Million 百萬分之一

TPM Total Production Maintenance 全面生產保養(yǎng)

MRP Material Requirement Planning 物料需計劃

OC Operation System 作業(yè)系統(tǒng)

TBA To Be Design 待定,定缺

D/C Drawing Change 圖紙變更/設計變更

EMI Electrical-Music Industry 電子音樂工業(yè)

RFI Read Frequency Input 讀頻輸入

總公司 Head Office 分公司 Branch Office 營業(yè)部 Business Office 人事部 Personnel Department 人力資源部 Human Resources Department 總務部 General Affairs Department 財務部 General Accounting Department 銷售部 Sales Department 促銷部 Sales Promotion Department 國際部 International Department 出口部 Export Department 進口部 Import Department 公共關系 Public Relations Department 廣告部 Advertising Department 企劃部 Planning Department 產品開發(fā)部 Product Development Department 研發(fā)部 Research and Development Department(R&D)秘書室 Secretarial Pool 采購部 Purchasing Department 工程部 Engineering Department 行政部 Admin.Department 人力資源部 HR Department 市場部 Marketing Department 技術部 Technolog Department 客服部 Service Department 行政部: Administration 財務部 Financial Department 總經理室、Direcotor, or President 副總經理室、Deputy Director, or Vice president 總經辦、General Deparment 采購部、Purchase & Order Department 工程部、Engineering Deparment 研發(fā)部、Research Deparment 生產部、Productive Department 銷售部、Sales Deparment 廣東業(yè)務部、GD Branch Deparment 無線事業(yè)部、Wireless Industry Department 拓展部 Business Expending Department 物供部、Supply Department B＆D business and development 業(yè)務拓展部 Marketing 市場部 Sales 銷售部 HR 人力資源部 Account 會計部

PR people relationship 公共關系部

OFC(Office, 但不常見)/ OMB = Office of Management and Budget 辦公室 Finance 財務部

MKTG(Marketing)市場部

R&D(Research & Development)研發(fā)部 MFG(Manufacturing)產品部 Administration Dept.管理部 Purchasing Dept 采購部

Chairman/President Office // Gerneral Manager office or GM office 總經理辦公室 Monitor & Support Department 監(jiān)事會 Strategy Research 戰(zhàn)略研究部

我認為翻譯沒有標準答案，要根據實際情況來進行決定。

有時候同一個部門，在你們廠和我們公司它的叫法就是不一樣； 在美國和英國或新西蘭它也不一樣。等等。

例如黨支部，在英語國家沒有這個玩意，你翻得再好，也只是自己的創(chuàng)造； 創(chuàng)造得再好，外國人看了一樣不懂，一樣需要你的解釋。

外銷部： Overseas Department,International Sales Section,Export Section 財務科:Financial/Fiscal Department 黨支部:Communist Party Office 會議室:Meeting Room/Hall/Auditorium,或Conference Hall/Auditorium或直接Auditorium, 視其大小而定了。

會客室：Reception Lounge/Room/House,或Meeting Room或Guest Room 質檢科:Back-check Section/Department,Quality-inspection/Quality Control Department 內銷部:Domestic Sales Section/Department 廠長室:Miller/Director/President' Office(這很取決于你們廠的類型和規(guī)模）行政科：Administration Section/Department,Service section 技術部:Technology Section 檔案室:Archives(Office)生產科:Production/Processing Section 一句話，不管選哪個，都得與自己公司或工廠的規(guī)模，類型，性質和結構相適應。外銷部： EXPORT DEPARTMENT 財務科： FINANCIAL DEPARTMENT 黨支部： BRANCH OF THE PARTY 會議室： MEETING ROOM 會客室： RECEPTION ROOM 質檢科： QUALITY TESTING DEPARTMENT 內銷部： DOMESTIC SALES DEPARTMENT 廠長室： FACTORY DIRECTOR'S ROOM 行政科： ADMINISTRATION DEPARTMENT 技術部： TECHNOLOGY SECTION 檔案室： MUNIMENT ROOM 生產科： MANUFACTURE SECTION

一、人力資源管理:(Human Resource Management ,HRM)

人力資源經理:(human resource manager)

高級管理人員:(executive)/ i`gzekjutiv

職業(yè):(profession)

道德標準:(ethics)

操作工:(operative employees)

專家:(specialist)

人力資源認證協(xié)會:(the Human Resource Certification Institute,HRCI)

二、外部環(huán)境:(external environment)

內部環(huán)境:(internal environment)

政策:(policy)

企業(yè)文化:(corporate culture)

目標:(mission)

股東:(shareholders)

非正式組織:(informal organization)

跨國公司:(multinational corporation,MNC)

管理多樣性:(managing diversity)

三、工作:(job)

職位:(posting)

工作分析:(job analysis)

工作說明:(job description)

工作規(guī)范:(job specification)

工作分析計劃表:(job analysis schedule,JAS)

職位分析問卷調查法:(Management Position Description Questionnaire,MPDQ)

行政秘書:(executive secretary)

地區(qū)服務經理助理:(assistant district service manager)

四、人力資源計劃:(Human Resource Planning,HRP)

戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃:(strategic planning)

長期趨勢:(long term trend)

要求預測:(requirement forecast)

供給預測:(availability forecast)

管理人力儲備:(management inventory)

裁減:(downsizing)

人力資源信息系統(tǒng):(Human Resource Information System,HRIS)

五、招聘:(recruitment)

員工申請表:(employee requisition)

招聘方法:(recruitment methods)

內部提升:(Promotion From Within ,PFW)

工作公告:(job posting)

廣告:(advertising)

職業(yè)介紹所:(employment agency)

特殊事件:(special events)

實習:(internship)

六、選擇:(selection)

選擇率:(selection rate)

簡歷:(resume)

標準化:(standardization)

有效性:(validity)

客觀性:(objectivity)

規(guī)范:(norm)

錄用分數(shù)線:(cutoff score)

準確度:(aiming)

業(yè)務知識測試:(job knowledge tests)

求職面試:(employment interview)

非結構化面試:(unstructured interview)

結構化面試:(structured interview)

小組面試:(group interview)

職業(yè)興趣測試:(vocational interest tests)

會議型面試:(board interview)

七、組織變化與人力資源開發(fā)

人力資源開發(fā):(Human Resource Development,HRD)

培訓:(training)

開發(fā):(development)

定位:(orientation)

訓練:(coaching)

輔導:(mentoring)

經營管理策略:(business games)

案例研究:(case study)

會議方法:(conference method)

角色扮演:(role playing)

工作輪換:(job rotating)

在職培訓:(on-the-job training ,OJT)

媒介:(media)

八、企業(yè)文化與組織發(fā)展

企業(yè)文化:(corporate culture)

組織發(fā)展:(organization development,OD)

調查反饋:(survey feedback)

質量圈:(quality circles)

目標管理:(management by objective,MBO)全面質量管理:(Total Quality Management,TQM)

團隊建設:(team building)

九、職業(yè)計劃與發(fā)展

職業(yè):(career)

職業(yè)計劃:(career planning)

職業(yè)道路:(career path)

職業(yè)發(fā)展:(career development)

自我評價:(self-assessment)

職業(yè)動機:(career anchors)

十、績效評價

績效評價:(Performance Appraisal,PA)

小組評價:(group appraisal)

業(yè)績評定表:(rating scales method)

關鍵事件法:(critical incident method)

排列法:(ranking method)

平行比較法:(paired comparison)

硬性分布法:(forced distribution method)

暈圈錯誤:(halo error)

寬松:(leniency)

嚴格:(strictness)3600反饋:(360-degree feedback)

敘述法:(essay method)

集中趨勢:(central tendency)

十一、報酬與福利

報酬:(compensation)

直接經濟報酬:(direct financial compensation)

間接經濟報酬:(indirect financial compensation)

非經濟報酬:(no financial compensation)

公平:(equity)

外部公平:(external equity)

內部公平:(internal equity)

員工公平:(employee equity)

小組公平:(team equity)

工資水平領先者:(pay leaders)

現(xiàn)行工資率:(going rate)

工資水平居后者:(pay followers)

勞動力市場:(labor market)

工作評價:(job evaluation)

排列法:(ranking method)

分類法:(classification method)

因素比較法:(factor comparison method)評分法:(point method)

海氏指示圖表個人能力分析法:(Hay Guide Chart-profile Method)

工作定價:(job pricing)

工資等級:(pay grade)

工資曲線:(wage curve)

工資幅度:(pay range)

十二、福利和其它報酬問題

福利(間接經濟補償)

員工股權計劃:(employee stock ownership plan,ESOP)

值班津貼:(shift differential)

獎金:(incentive compensation)

分紅制:(profit sharing)

十三、安全與健康的工作環(huán)境

安全:(safety)

健康:(health)

頻率:(frequency rate)

緊張:(stress)

角色沖突:(role conflict)

催眠法:(hypnosis)

酗酒:(alcoholism)

十四、員工和勞動關系

工會:(union)

地方工會:(local union)

行業(yè)工會:(craft union)

產業(yè)工會:(industrial union)

全國工會:(national union)

談判組:(bargaining union)

勞資談判:(collective bargaining)

仲裁:(arbitration)

罷工:(strike)

內部員工關系:(internal employee relations)

紀律:(discipline)

紀律處分:(disciplinary action)

申訴:(grievance)

降職:(demotion)

調動:(transfer)

晉升:(promotion)

1、操作工:(operative employees)－我認為operation staff更符合實際和貼切

2、既然提到企業(yè)文化，我想加上愿景應該更好－愿景：（vision）

3、目標:(mission)－mission翻譯成使命更好，目標可以是goal，沒有mission這種使命感給人感覺更強烈；

4、職位:(posting)－顯然應該是position

5、工作說明:(job description)－譯成職位描述或許更加，HR專業(yè)術語中我們稱其為JD

6、行政秘書:(executive secretary)－應該是執(zhí)行秘書，“執(zhí)行秘書”比一般的“行政秘書”更高一級，基本等同主管級員工；

7、地區(qū)服務經理助理:(assistant district service manager)－這個詞組對一般企業(yè)來說基本沒有意義，應該只是某個特定公司設置的特定職位。

8、人力資源計劃:(Human Resource Planning,HRP)－譯成“人力資源規(guī)劃”更佳；

9、戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃:(strategic planning)－其實strategy一詞足以；

10、要求預測:(requirement forecast)－需求預測

11、員工申請表:(employee requisition)－我認為中英文在這里容易產生歧異：如果是部門需要招聘，需填寫招聘申請表（recruiting application form）；如果是應聘者應聘填寫的表格，通常的稱謂是（job application form）；這里的“員工申請表:(employee requisition)”我不太明白是何種情況。

12、試用期應該是很多企業(yè)用到的名詞，我添加一下（probation）；

13、加上“輔導”一詞（coaching），很常用的；

14、經營管理策略:(business games)－games如果是strategy會更專業(yè)；

15、角色扮演:(role playing)－不要說語法了，就應該是role play，沒有ing，role play這里就是名詞一個；

16、工作輪換:(job rotating)－job rotation；

17、質量圈:(quality circles)－品質圈，或品管圈，這樣更貼切－在任何企業(yè)中，品質的含義都比質量更高；

18、職業(yè)動機:(career anchors)－中文極不準確，應該是“職業(yè)錨”，完全是兩碼事；

19、報酬:(compensation)－譯成薪酬更好；

20、獎金:(incentive compensation)－incentive足以；

21、加一個常用詞，年終獎（annual bonus）；

22、工會:(union)－當然是labor union了，沒有l(wèi)abor就沒有任何意義；

公司企業(yè)常見部門名稱中英文對照

分公司 Branch Office 營業(yè)部 Business Office

人事部 Personnel Department

(人力資源部)Human Resources Department

總務部 General Affairs Department

財務部 General Accounting Department

銷售部 Sales Department

促銷部 Sales Promotion Department

國際部 International Department

出口部 Export Department

進口部 Import Department

公共關系 Public Relations Department

Right of exclusive sales獨家經營權

Agency代理

Agent代理商

Principal委托人

Sole / exclusive agency獨家代理

Exclusive agency agreement獨家代理協(xié)議

Invitation to tender招標

Submission of tender投標

廣告部 Advertising Department

企劃部 Planning Department

產品開發(fā)部 Product Development Department

研發(fā)部 Research and Development Department(R&D)

秘書室 Secretarial Pool

國際貿易英語詞匯1

Distributorship經銷

Distributorship agreement經銷協(xié)議

Exclusive sales / exclusive distributorship獨家經銷/包銷

Exclusive distributor獨家經銷商

Bidding documents招標文件

Opening of tender開標

Auction拍賣

Consignment寄售

Consignor寄售人

Consignee代銷商

Counter trade對等貿易

A barter易貨貿易

B counterpurchase 互購parallel/reciprocal trade平行貿易/對購

C buy-back 回購/ compensation trade補償貿易

D offset抵銷

Letter of intent意向書

MOU: Memorandum of Understanding諒解備忘錄

Processing trade加工貿易

Processing with imported materials進料加工

Processing with customer’s materials來料加工

Futures trade期貨交易

Futures market期貨市場

國際貿易英語詞匯2

Business stages: A inquiry詢盤

B offer發(fā)盤

C counter offer還盤

D acceptance接受

Selling offer售貨發(fā)盤

Buying offer購貨發(fā)盤/遞盤

Invoke撤回

The performance of export contract出口合同的履行

Commodity exchange商品交易所

Clearing house清算所

Close price成交價

Hedging套期保值

Selling hedging賣期保值

Buying hedging買期保值

FDI: Foreign Direct Investment外國直接投資

Fix-capital input固定資本投入

Horizontal expansion橫向發(fā)展

International capital movement國際資本流動

Anticipated return預期回報

Economy of scale規(guī)模經濟

Diseconomy of scale規(guī)模不經濟

UNIT 11 MISCELLANEOUS

Trade-off權衡

Collaboration協(xié)作

Parent company母公司

Subsidiary子公司

Licensor許可方

Licensee被許可方

Corporate family公司群

Proprietary assets專利資產

Operational form經營形式

Line/scope of business經營范圍

Royalty許可使用費

Master franchise特約總經銷

Cross-licensing相互特約經銷

Franchisee特約經銷接受方

Franchisor特約經銷授權方

Vertically integrated company縱向一體化公司

Intangible property無形資產

Licensing agreement許可協(xié)議

Sales representative銷售代表

End user直接用戶

Overseas agent海外代理

Credit investigation資信調查

Potential pitfall潛在危險

Global concentration面向世界

Freight forwarder貨運代理

Sales record銷售記錄

Piggyback export掛靠才出口

Direct selling直銷

Production capacity生產能力

Entry mode切入方式

Export revenue出口收入

Promotional campaign促銷活動

Essence of export出口本質

Commission agent傭金代理商

Export-import strategy進出口策略

Commercial invoice商業(yè)發(fā)票

B/L: Bill of Lading提單

Consular invoice領事發(fā)票

Certificate of origin原產地證書

Export packing list出口裝箱單 國際貿易英語詞匯3

Settlement of the payment 貨款結算Payment currency支付貨幣

Depreciate / Appreciate貶/升值

Evaluation currency估價貨幣

Convertible currency可轉化貨幣

Hard / Soft currency硬幣/軟幣

Operative Instruments:有效票據

A Bill of Exchange;Bill / Draft匯票

B Promissory note本票

C Check支票

Banker’s draft銀行匯票

Commercial draft商業(yè)匯票

Clean draft光票匯票

Documentary draft跟單匯票

Sight / Demand draft即期匯票

Time / Usance draft遠期匯票

Commercial acceptance draft商業(yè)承兌匯票

Banker’s acceptance draft銀行承兌匯票

Processes to handle a draft:

A to draw出票

B to present提示

C to accept承兌

D to pay支付

Drawer出票人

Drawee受票人

Parties當事人

Tenor期限

Days of grace寬限期

Prior party前手

Subsequent party后手

Dishonour拒付

Recourse追索

Face value票面價值

Debtor債權人

Bona fide holder善意持有人

Notary public公證人

General promissory note一般本票

Banker’s promissory note or cashier’s order銀行本票

Depositor儲戶

Falsely claim冒領

Initial / Counter signature初/復簽

Crossed check劃線支票

Payment Methods:

A remittance匯付

B collection托收

C letter of credit信用證

Favourable exchange順匯

Adverse exchange逆匯

Bank / Commercial credit銀行/商業(yè)信用

Remittance:

A T / T : telegraphic transfer電匯

B M / T: mail transfer信匯

C D / D:(remittance by banker’s)demand draft票匯

Remitter匯款人

Remitting bank匯出行

Receiving / Paying bank匯入行/解付行

Type of remittance匯款方式

Remittance fee匯費

Cable confirmation電匯證實書

Debit advice 付訖借記通知

Payment order支付通知書

C.W.O.: cash with order隨訂單付現(xiàn)

O / A trade: open account trade賒帳貿易

C.O.D.: Cash on delivery交貨后付款

Payment in advance預付貨款

Remittance against documents憑單付匯

Draw a bill of exchange on向…開匯票

Financial documents金融單據

Commercial documents商業(yè)單據

Documentary collection跟單托收

Clean collection光票托收

Payment balance貨款尾數(shù)/余額

Remitting bank托收銀行

Collecting bank代收行

Presenting bank提示行

Documentary Collection:跟單托收

A D / P: docume

Insurer保險人

Insured投保人

Insurance policy保險單

Subject matter insured保險標的Insured amount保險金額

Premium保險費

Basic principles of insurance:

A insurable interest保險利益

B utmost good faith最大誠信

C principle of indemnity補償原則

D proximate cause近因原則

Risks:

A perils of the sea海上風險

B extraneous risks外來風險

Losses:

A Total Loss全部損失/全損

B Partial Loss部分損失

General average contribution共同海損分攤

Expenses:

A sue and labour expenses施救費用

B salvage charges救助費用

PICC: People’s Insurance Company of China中國人民保險公司

C.I.C.: China Insurance Clause中國保險條款

I.C.C.: Institute Cargo Clause協(xié)會貨物條款

Basic Risks Coverage:

A F.P.A: Free From Particular Average平安險

B W.P.A.: With Particular Average水漬險

C A.R.: All Risks一切險

W/W clause: Warehouse to Warehouse Clause倉至倉條款

General Additional Risks:

A clash and breakage碰損、破碎險

B taint of odour串味險

C fresh water and / or rain damage淡水雨淋險

D theft, pilferage and non-delivery: T.P.N.D.偷竊、提貨不著險

E shortage短量險

F leakage滲漏險

G intermixture and contamination混雜、玷污險

H hook damage鉤損險

I sweat and heating受潮收熱險

K rust銹損險

L breakage of packing包裝破裂險

Special Additional Risks:

A war risk戰(zhàn)爭險

B strike risk罷工險

C aflatoxin黃曲霉素險

D failure to deliver交貨不到險

E on deck risk艙面險

F import duty risk進口關稅險

G rejection拒收險

H fire risk extension clause(F.R.E.C.)— for storage of cargo at destination of Hong Kong including Kowloon or Macao.貨物出口到香港（包括九龍）或澳門存?zhèn)}火險責任擴展條款

Insurance Documents;

A insurance policy保險單/大保單

B insurance certificate保險憑證

C combined certificate聯(lián)合憑證

D open policy預約保單

E endorsement批單

SRCC: strike, riots and civil commotions罷工、暴動、民變險

I.O.P.: irrespective of percentage不論損失程度

Claim settlement理賠

Insurable value保險價值

Franchise免賠率

Insurance: To be covered by the Seller for 110% of the total invoice value against All Risks, as per and subject to the re

國際貿易英語詞匯5

Price / Trade Terms價格/貿易術語

Total amount總價/值

Unit price單價

ICC: International Chamber of Commerce國際商會

The language of foreign trade對外貿易的語言

INCOTERMS 2000 2000年國際貿易術語解釋通則

INCOTERMS: International Commercial Terms國際商業(yè)術語

Costs, risks and responsibilities費用、風險和責任

China Chamber of International Commerce: CCOIC中國國際商會

Critical points關鍵點

Point for division of risks / costs費用/風險劃分點

Point of delivery交貨點

Ship’s rail船舷

Arrival Contract到貨合同

Shipment Contract裝運合同

Single mode of transport單式運輸

Multi-modal transport / combined transport多式聯(lián)運

US$300 per M / T CIF New York每公噸300美元，CIF紐約

Cost of production生產成本

Fixed costs固定成本

Variable costs可變成本

Invoice Value發(fā)票價值

UNIT 6 DELIVERY OF GOODS

Time of delivery交貨時間

Constructive delivery推定交貨

Actual delivery實際交貨

Symbolic delivery象征性交貨

Liner班輪

Tramp不定期船

China ports中國港口

E.M.P.: European Main Ports歐洲主要港口

Liner transport班輪運輸

Charter transport租船運輸

Voyage / Trip charter定程租船

Time charter定期租船

Weight ton重量噸

Charter party租船合同

Demurrage滯期費

Dispatch money速譴費

Air Waybill航空運單

LCL: Less than container load拼箱貨

FCL: Full container load整箱貨

Ocean Bill of Lading海運提單

Varieties of B/L:

A on board B/L;shipped B/L已裝船提單

B received for shipment B/L備運提單/收訖待運提單

C clean B/L清潔提單

D unclean / foul B/L不清潔提單

E straight B/L記名提單/收貨人抬頭提單

F bearer B/L不記名提單/來人抬頭提單

G order B/L指示提單

H direct B/L直達提單

I transshipment B/L轉船提單

J through B/L聯(lián)運提單

K liner B/L班輪提單

Measurement ton尺碼噸

Port congestion surcharge港口擁擠附加費

L charter party B/L租船提單

M long form B/L全/繁式提單

N short form B/L略/簡式提單

O original B/L正本提單

P copy B/L副本提單

Q stale B/L過期提單

R on deck B/L甲板/艙面提單

Land –bridge transport大陸橋運輸

國際貿易英語詞匯6

United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods 聯(lián)合國國際貨物銷售合同公約

The metric system公制

Weight 重量

Capacity容積

Numbers個數(shù)

Length長度

Area面積

Volume體積

Gross weight毛重

Gross for Net以毛作凈

Net Weight凈重

Actual / Real Tare實際皮重

Average Tare平均皮重

Customary Tare習慣皮重

Computed Tare約定皮重

Conditioned Weight公量

Theoretical Weight理論重量

Legal Weight法定重量

Net Net Weight凈凈重

More or Less Clause溢短裝條款

Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits跟單信用證統(tǒng)一慣例

Price fluctuation價格波動

UNIT 4 PACKING AND MARKING

Transport packing運輸包裝

Outer packing大/外包裝

Selling packing銷售包裝

Inner packing內包裝

Immediate packing直接包裝

Materials of packing:

A Case箱

Wooden case木箱

Crate 板條箱

Carton紙箱

Corrugated carton瓦楞紙箱

Skeleton case漏孔箱

B Bundle / Bale包

C Bag袋

Gunny bag麻袋

Cloth bag布袋

Plastic bag塑料袋

Paper bag紙袋

D Drum / Cask桶

Wooden Cask木桶

Iron Drum鐵桶

Plastic Cask塑料桶

E Bottle瓶

Can罐

Demijohn / Carboy壇

Basket簍

Cylinder鋼瓶

Pallet托盤

Bulk cargo or cargoes in bulk散裝貨

Nude cargoes裸裝貨

Consuming taste消費品味

Prettify commodities美化商品

Creative design創(chuàng)意設計

Gift packing禮品式包裝

Portable packing便攜式包裝

Shipping mark運輸標志/嘜頭

Geometric figure幾何圖形

Reference No.參照編號

Optional ports選擇港

Indicative mark指示性標志

Keep dry怕濕

This way up向上

Handle with care小心輕放

Fragile易碎

Use no hook禁用手鉤

Warning mark警告性標志

Dangerous cargo mark危險品標志

Explosive爆炸物品

Poison Gas有毒氣體

Inflammable Gas易燃氣體

Product Code產品代碼

Bar Code條形碼

UPC: Universal Product Code通用物品條碼

Neutral packing中性包裝

國際貿易英語詞匯7

Protect infant industry 保護幼稚產業(yè)

Free trade zone自由貿易區(qū)

Export subsidy出口補貼

Return of product tax退稅

GSP: General System of Preference普惠制

GATT: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade關貿總協(xié)定

WTO: World Trade Organization世界貿易組織

MFN: Most-Favored-Nation(Treatment)最惠國（待遇）

Tariff barriers關稅壁壘

Trade liberalization貿易自由化

Export tariff出口關稅

Transit tariff過境關稅

Import tariff進口關稅

Revenue tariff財政關稅

Protective tariff保護性關稅

Prohibitive tariff抑制性關稅

Retaliatory tariff報復性關稅

Regulatory tariff規(guī)定性關稅

Anti-dumping tariff反傾銷關稅

Ad valorem tariff從價關稅

Non-tariff trade barriers非關稅貿易壁壘

Import license進口許可證

Government procurement政府采購

Technological barriers技術壁壘

SDR: Special Drawing Right特別提款權

IMF: International Monetary Fund國際貨幣基金組織

Counter subsidy tariff反補貼關稅

Punitive tax懲罰性征稅

VAT: Value-added tax增殖稅

Place of origin原產地

Exchange rate兌換率

Regional economic integration地區(qū)經濟一體化

NAFTA: North American Free Trade Area北美自由貿易區(qū)

Free flow of labour and capital勞力資本的自由流動

UNIT 2 QUALITY OF GOODS

Intrinsic attributes內在屬性

Outer form外觀

Chemical composition化學構成Natural / social attributes自然/社會屬性

Tastes and requirements of customers顧客的品味要求

TQM: Total Quality Management全面質量管理

Different ways of showing quality:

A sale by actual quality憑成交商品的實際品質買賣

B sale by sample憑樣品買賣

C sale by specification憑規(guī)格買賣

D sale by grade憑等級買賣

E sale by standard憑標準買賣

F sale by descriptions and Illustrations憑說明書和圖樣買賣

G sale by trade mark or brand憑商標或牌號買賣

H sale by name of origin憑產地名稱買賣

I sale by inspection憑檢驗買賣

Unless the contract stipulates otherwise除非合同另有規(guī)定

Be entitled to claim compensation for losses or reject the goods有權索賠或拒收貨物

Duplicate sample復樣

For your reference only僅供你方參考

Counter sample對等樣品

Return sample回樣

Representative sample代表性樣品

化妝品品牌中英文對照

AVON 雅芳

avene 雅漾

Biotherm 碧歐泉

Borghese 貝佳斯

Chanel 香乃爾

Christian Dior（CD）迪奧

Clarins 嬌韻詩

Clinique 倩碧

DECLEOR 思妍麗

Estée Lauder 雅詩蘭黛

Guerlain 嬌蘭

Helena Rubinstein 郝蓮娜

H2O+ 水之奧

JUVEN 柔美娜

Kanebo 嘉納寶

ZA 姬芮

Reference sample參考樣品

Property right產權

Technical resources技術資源

KOSE 高絲

Lancome 蘭蔻

L'Oréal 歐萊雅

LG DeBON LG蝶妝

Max Factor 蜜絲佛陀

MAYBELLINE 美寶蓮

Nina Ricci 蓮娜麗姿

Olay 玉蘭油

Revlon 露華濃

rutina 若緹娜（KOSE的一個系列產品）

Shiseido 資生堂

Sisley 希思黎

SK II SK II

VICHY 薇姿

yve ssaint laurent（ysl）依夫·圣羅郎

美國口語俚語（1）

1.clock in 打卡

Don't forget to clock in,otherwise you won't get paid.別忘了打卡，否則領不到錢。

2.come on to 對...輕??；吃豆腐

Tanya slapped Bill after he came on to her.Tanya在Bill對她輕薄之后打了他一巴掌。

3.come easily 易如反掌

Languages come easily to some people.語言學習對有些人來說易如反掌。

4.don't have a cow別大驚小怪

Don't have a cow!I'll pay for the damages.別大驚小怪的！我會賠償損失的。

5.push around 欺騙

Don't try to push me around!別想耍我！

美國口語俚語（2）

1.keep one's shirt on保持冷靜

Keep your shirt on.He didn't mean to offend you.That's just the way he talks.保持冷靜。那只是他說話的慣常方式，他并非有意要冒犯你。

2.cool it冷靜一點

Cool it.You are making me mad.冷靜一點。你快把我逼瘋了。

3.joy ride兜風

Let's go for a joy ride.讓我們去兜兜風。

4.rap說唱樂

Do you like rap music? I have trouble understanding the words.你喜歡說唱音樂嗎？我聽不太懂其中的歌詞。

5.red-letter day大日子

This is a red-letter day for Susan.She made her first sale to a very important client.今天是susan的大日子。她和一個非常重要的客戶做成了第一筆生意。

美國口語俚語（3）

1.go up in smoke成為泡影

Peter’s vacation plans went up in smoke when a crisis arose in the office.辦公室出了問題，peter的假期泡湯了。

2.hit the road上路

We should probably hit the road.It’s going to take us two hours to get home.我們可能該上路了吧？到家的兩個小時呢！

3.shape up表現(xiàn)良好，乖

You’d better shape up if you want to stay on.如果你還想留下來的話最好乖一點兒。

4.scare the * out of someone嚇死某人了

Don’t sneak up behind me like that.You scared the * out of me.不要那樣從后面突然嚇我。你嚇死我了。

5.pull strings運用關系（源于―拉木偶的線‖）

He pulled some strings and managed to get us front row seats for the concert.他運用關系替我們拿到音樂會前排的位子。

美國口語俚語（4）

1.come again 再說一遍

Come again? I didn't quite understand what you said.再說一遍好嗎？你剛說的話我不明白。

2.come clean 全盤托出，招供

The criminal decided to come clean.罪犯決定供出事實。

3.spring for 請客

Let me spring for dinner.我來請客吃飯吧。

4.spill the beans 泄漏秘密

Don't spill the beans.It's supposed to be a secret.別說漏了嘴，這可是個秘密哦！

5.stick in the mud 保守的人

Cathy is such a stick in the mud.She nev

外貿常用包裝中英文對照

木箱 Wooden Case 板條箱 Crate 木條箱 Wooden Crate 竹條箱 Bamboo Crate 膠合板箱 Plywood Case 三層夾板箱 3--Ply Plywood Case

鍍錫鐵皮胎木箱Tin Lined Wooden Case 盒Box 木盒Wooden Box 鐵盒Iron Box

塑料透明盒 Plastic Transparency Box 苯乙烯盒 Styrol Box 袋Bag(Sack)布袋 Cloth Bag

草袋 Straw Bag 麻袋 Gunny Bag／Jute Bag 舊麻袋 Used Gunny Bag／Old Gunny Bag

新麻袋 New Gunny Bag 尼龍袋 Nylon Bag 聚丙烯袋 Polypropylene Bag

聚乙烯袋 Polythene Bag 塑料袋 Poly Bag 塑料編織袋 Polywoven Bag 纖維袋 Fibre Bag

玻璃纖維袋 Glass Fibre Bag 玻璃紙袋 Callophane Bag 防潮紙袋 Moisture Proof Pager Bag 乳膠袋子Emulsion Bag

錫箔袋 Fresco Bag 特大袋 Jumbo Bag 單層完整袋子Single Sound Bag 桶 Drum

木桶 Wooden Cask 大木桶 Hogshead 小木桶 Keg 粗腰桶(琵琶桶)Barrel

膠木桶 Bakelite Drum 塑料桶 Plastic Drum 鐵桶 Iron Drum 鍍鋅鐵桶 Galvanized Iron Drum

鍍鋅閉口鋼桶 Galvanized Mouth Closed Steel Drum

鍍鋅開口鋼桶 Galvanized Mouth Opened Steel Drum

鋁桶 Aluminum Drum 麻布包 Gunny Bale(Hessian Cloth Bag)蒲包 Mat Bale 草包 Straw Bale

緊壓包 Press Packed Bale 鋁箔包 Aluminium Foil Package 鐵機包 Hard-pressed Bale

木機包Half-pressed Bale 覃（缸）Jar 陶缸 Earthen Jar 瓷缸 Porcelain Jar

壺 Pot 鉛壺 Lead Pot 銅壺Copper Pot 施 Bottle 鋁瓶 Aluminum Bottle 陶瓶 Earthen Bottle

瓷瓶 Porcelain bottle 罐 Can 聽 Tin 繞線筒 Bobbin 籠（簍、籃、筐）Basket

竹籠（簍、籃、筐）Bamboo Basket 柳條筐（籠、籃、筐）Wicker Basket 集裝箱 Container

集裝包/集裝袋 Flexible Container 托盤 Pallet 件(支、把、個)Piece 架(臺、套)Set(Kit)

安瓿 Amp(o)ule(藥針支)雙 Pair 打 Dozen 令 Ream 匹 Bolt(Piece)碼Yard

卷（Roll(reel)塊Block 捆 Bundle 瓣 Braid 度 Degree 輛 Unit(Cart)

套（罩）Casing 包裝形狀 Shapes of Packing 圓形 Round 方形Square

三角形 Triangular(Delta Type)長方形(矩形)Rectangular

菱形(斜方形)Rhombus(Diamond)橢圓形 Oval 圓錐形 Conical 圓柱形 Cylindrical

蛋形 Egg-Shaped 葫蘆形 Pear-Shaped 五邊形 Pentagon 六邊形 Hexagon

七邊形 Heptagon 八邊形 Octagon 長 Long 寬 Wide 高 High 深 Deep 厚 Thick 長度 Length 寬度 Width 高度 Height 深度 Depth 厚度 Thickness 包裝外表標志 Marks On Packing

下端，底部 Bottom 頂部(上部)Top(Upper)小心 Care 勿擲 Don’t Cast

易碎 Fragile 小心輕放,小心裝運 Handle With Care 起吊點(此處起吊)Heave Here

易燃物，避火 Inflammable 保持干燥，防涇

五金家具專業(yè)詞匯中英文對照

Ball bearing slide腳輪滑道

Bolt pin 螺栓插銷

Bolts and nuts for furniture 家具用螺釘，螺帽

Brass 銅

Carcase 框架，架子

Castor 小腳輪

Ceiling 天花板

Central hinges 中央鉸鏈

Chrome 鉻

Complete range of drawer slide 各種類型的抽屜滑道

Component 零配件，元件

Concealed hinge 內藏鉸鏈

Cupboard-lock 拒門鎖

Decorative trims for furniture 家具金邊飾條

Door & window 門窗

Drawer-lock 抽屜鎖

Drawer runner 抽屜滑槽

Equipment for surface treatment 表面處理工具

3/4 extension slide 部分開式滑道

Faucet 水龍頭

Fixture 固定裝置

Full extension slide 全開式滑道

Furniture fittings 家具五金

Furniture hardware家具五金

Furniture parts 家具零配件

Furniture structural parts 家具結構零件

Gas lift chassis 氣壓棒底盤

Glass door hinge 玻璃門鉸鏈

Heavy duty slide 承重式滑道

Hook lock 鉤鎖

Keyboard slide 鍵盤板滑道

Large head type 大頭型

Locating dowel 定位榫釘

Lock rail 安鎖冒頭

Magnetic catch 磁性拉手

Magnetic-lock 磁鎖

magnetic push latch磁性撞鎖

Marquetry work鑲嵌裝飾品

Material 原材料

Metal fittings 金屬配件

Matal handle 金屬拉手

Mold模具

Office chair central tube accessories 辦公椅中管配件

Office chair hardware accessories 辦公椅五金配件

Out set 外蓋型套輪

Panel veneer 板料

Plastic 塑料

Plastic bolt and threaded axis 塑料螺帽及牙軸

Pocket door slide 柜門滑道

Prevent falling off due to turning 防止旋轉脫落

Secret-hinge 暗鉸

Semifinished furniture product and accessories 家具半成品及配件

Semifinished product for interior fittings 裝潢用半成品

Simple connecting fittings 簡單五金配件

Single item 單項產品

Sliding door roller series 推拉門用輪系列

Straight-lock 企口鎖

Surface gluing 板面上膠

Veneer trimming 薄片整修

Vertical upright 直掛格

Wood-button 木紐

Wood components 木制配件

Wooden bar 車件

Wooden cork 木塞

Wooden curtain rod and ring 木制窗簾桿及吊環(huán)

Woodscrew 木螺釘

Wreathed hand-rail 扭彎扶手

As an integral part of the contract, the inspection of goods has its special importance.

第五篇：十八大報告英文

Chinese leader Hu Jintao delivered a report on Thursday at the opening of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC).The following are key quotes from his report:

On Scientific Outlook on Development

--The most important achievement in our endeavors in the past ten years is that we have formed the Scientific Outlook on Development and put it into practice.--This theory provides new scientific answers to the major questions of what kind of development China should achieve in a new environment and how the country should achieve it.--Together with Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents, the Scientific Outlook on Development is the theoretical guidance the Party must adhere to for a long time.On socialism with Chinese characteristics

--We must unswervingly follow the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.--Our overall approach is to promote economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological progress, and our general task is to achieve socialist modernization and the great renewal of the Chinese nation.On building moderately prosperous society

--We need to have a correct understanding of the changing nature and conditions of this period, seize all opportunities, respond with cool-headedness to challenges, and gain initiative and advantages to win the future and attain the goal of completing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects by 2020.--An examination of both the current international and domestic environments shows that China remains in an important period of strategic opportunities for its development, a period in which much can be achieved.--On the basis of making China's development much more balanced, coordinated and sustainable, we should double its 2010 GDP and per capita income for both urban and rural residents.--To complete the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects, we must, with greater political courage and vision, lose no time in deepening reform in key sectors and resolutely discard all notions and systems that hinder efforts to pursue development in a scientific way.On economy

--Taking economic development as the central task is vital to national renewal, and development still holds the key to addressing all the problems we have in China.--The underlying issue we face in economic structural reform is how to strike a balance between the role of the government and that of the market, and we should follow more closely the rules of the market and better play the role of the government.--We should firmly maintain the strategic focus of boosting domestic demand, speed up the establishment of a long-term mechanism for increasing consumer demand, unleash the potential of individual consumption, increase investment at a proper pace, and expand the domestic market.--We should give high priority to rural areas in developing infrastructure and social programs in the country.On political structure reform

--We must continue to make both active and prudent efforts to carry out the reform of the political structure, and make people's democracy more extensive, fuller in scope and sounder in practice.--We should place high importance on systemic building, give full play to the strength of the socialist political system and draw on the political achievements of other societies.However, we will never copy a Western political system.On improving people's wellbeing

--We should keep making progress in ensuring that all the people enjoy their rights to education, employment, medical and old-age care, and housing so that they will lead a better life.On ecological progress

--We must give high priority to making ecological progress and incorporate it into all aspects and the whole process of advancing economic, political, cultural, and social progress, work hard to build a beautiful country, and achieve lasting and sustainable development of the Chinese nation.On military modernization

--Building strong national defense and powerful armed forces that are commensurate with China's international standing and meet the needs of its security and development interests is a strategic task of China's modernization drive.--We should attach great importance to maritime, space and cyberspace security.We should make active planning for the use of military forces in peacetime, expand and intensify military preparedness, and enhance the capability to accomplish a wide range of military tasks, the most important of which is to win local war in an information age.On Taiwan

--We are ready to conduct exchanges, dialogue and cooperation with any political party in Taiwan as long as it does not seek Taiwan independence and recognizes the one-China principle.--We hope that the two sides will jointly explore cross-Straits political relations and make reasonable arrangements for them under the special condition that the country is yet to be reunified.--We hope the two sides will discuss the establishment of a cross-Straits military security confidence-building mechanism to maintain stability in their relations and reach a peace agreement through consultation so as to open a new horizon in advancing the peaceful growth of these relations.On foreign affairs

--China will unswervingly follow the path of peaceful development and firmly pursue an independent foreign policy of peace.--We are firm in our resolve to uphold China's sovereignty, security and development interests and will never yield to any outside pressure.--We will decide our position and policy on an issue on its own merits and work to uphold fairness and justice.--China is committed to peaceful settlement of international disputes and hotspot issues, opposes the wanton use of force or threat to use it, opposes any foreign attempt to subvert the legitimate government of any other countries, and opposes terrorism in all its manifestations.--China opposes hegemonism and power politics in all their forms and will never seek hegemony or engage in expansion.On Party building

--Combating corruption and promoting political integrity, which is a major political issue of great concern to the people, is a clear-cut and long-term political commitment of the Party.If we fail to handle this issue well, it could prove fatal to the Party, and even cause the collapse of the Party and the fall of the state.--Leading officials at all levels, especially high-ranking officials, must readily observe the code of conduct on clean governance and report all important matters.They should both exercise strict self-discipline and strengthen education and supervision over their families and their staff;and they should never seek any privilege.