第一篇：2009年全國高考江蘇英語試題答案
土右旗農(nóng)技推廣體系現(xiàn)狀和問題
土右旗農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣中心 智宇航
土默特右旗地處呼和浩特、包頭二市之間，北依大青山，南臨黃河，全旗共轄17個鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)，1個生態(tài)管委會，農(nóng)業(yè)人口28.5萬人，現(xiàn)有耕地116萬畝，是典型的平原農(nóng)業(yè)大旗。自20世紀80年代以來，土右旗建立了以旗級農(nóng)技服務為中心，鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)為紐帶，村為橋梁，上下貫通，左右相連的農(nóng)技推廣服務網(wǎng)絡，對全旗的農(nóng)業(yè)和農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展做出了不可替代的作用。但是從20世紀90年代起，在歷次縣、鄉(xiāng)機構(gòu)改革中，農(nóng)技推廣機構(gòu)都成為主要精簡目標。隨之在農(nóng)技推廣工作中出現(xiàn)了一些非常突出并急待解決的問題。
一、土右旗農(nóng)技推廣體系現(xiàn)狀
做好農(nóng)技推廣工作，加速科技成果向現(xiàn)實生產(chǎn)力轉(zhuǎn)化是解決“三農(nóng)”問題的重要舉措。1996年的鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)機構(gòu)改革，首先是從鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)農(nóng)技部門開始的，對其實行了“三定”，改革后，“人財物”三權(quán)下放鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)。2002年的鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)機構(gòu)改革，對其實行“斷奶、脫鉤”，將農(nóng)技、農(nóng)機、農(nóng)經(jīng)、畜牧、水利、林業(yè)合并為綜合站，農(nóng)技人員聽從于鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)安排。據(jù)調(diào)查，全旗大多數(shù)鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)農(nóng)技干部都是“占其職不謀其政”，諸如包村、包片、計劃生育、稅費收繳、綜合治理等中心工作，根本無暇顧及農(nóng)技推廣。
土右旗現(xiàn)有農(nóng)技推廣機構(gòu)19個，其中：縣級1個，鄉(xiāng)級18個，種植業(yè)推廣機構(gòu)人數(shù)318人，其中縣級人數(shù)50人，鄉(xiāng)級268人，國家編制人數(shù)為302人，其中縣級45人，鄉(xiāng)級257人?？h、鄉(xiāng)農(nóng)技機構(gòu)實行差額拔款，定編人員經(jīng)費4500元/人。
全旗種植業(yè)農(nóng)技推廣組織職工素質(zhì)狀況，學歷狀況：大專以上學歷有20人，占6%，中專及高中人數(shù)201人，占63%；年齡結(jié)構(gòu)：36至49歲人員188人，占59%，50歲及以上人數(shù)34人，占10%；職稱狀況：有專業(yè)技術(shù)職稱人數(shù)129人，占職工人數(shù)的41%，其中，中級職稱人數(shù)18人，占職工總數(shù)的6%，初級及以下職稱人數(shù)111人。
全旗種植業(yè)推廣機構(gòu)職工從事技術(shù)推廣人員數(shù)218人，占職工總數(shù)的69%，其中具備本專業(yè)學歷人數(shù)81人，占職工總?cè)藬?shù)的25%。旗級農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣中心由土右旗農(nóng)牧業(yè)局主管，鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)農(nóng)技站由各鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)政府管理。
以旗農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣中心為例，自1997年以來定為“準科級事業(yè)單位”，人員編制45人，承擔著農(nóng)技推廣、植物保護、漁政管理、農(nóng)村能源、農(nóng)廣校、多種經(jīng)營等幾項重要公益性工作。2001年隨著改革，旗政府為減輕財政壓力，核定農(nóng)業(yè)中心為差額事業(yè)單位，人員經(jīng)費4500元/人。經(jīng)費銳減，職能激增，呈現(xiàn)出嚴重的酬不抵勞現(xiàn)象。具體情況如下：
1、執(zhí)法職能：有植物檢疫、農(nóng)藥管理、無公害認證、漁政 2 管理、土肥監(jiān)測、耕地保護、農(nóng)技推廣等法律法規(guī)職能。
2、公益職能：
—— 植保植檢：新農(nóng)藥、新植保技術(shù)的試驗、示范、推廣
—— 農(nóng)技推廣：新作物品種、新栽培技術(shù)的試驗、示范、推廣
—— 水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖：新水產(chǎn)品種、新養(yǎng)殖技術(shù)的試驗、示范、推廣
—— 新肥料、新施肥技術(shù)的試驗、示范、推廣
—— 多種經(jīng)營：新經(jīng)濟作物及新栽培技術(shù)的試驗、示范、推廣
—— 農(nóng)廣校：招收農(nóng)村生源，培訓廣大農(nóng)民
—— 農(nóng)村能源：戶用沼氣池、小型沼氣工程、秸桿氣化等生物能源及太陽能、風能的試驗、示范、推廣
3、上級對口業(yè)務部門有：
農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣站（含農(nóng)村生態(tài)能源辦）；植檢植保站（含農(nóng)藥檢定站）；水產(chǎn)站；土壤肥料站；多種經(jīng)營站（主要是經(jīng)濟作物）；農(nóng)廣校。
4、一般性推廣服務：主要是接受涉農(nóng)企事業(yè)單位委托，進行相應的工作，可逐步走向市場經(jīng)營的方向，但目前條件尚未成熟。
綜上所述，旗農(nóng)業(yè)中心的經(jīng)費水平與職能范疇極不匹配，按 3 目前中心的經(jīng)費水平，只能承擔所述職能的1—2部分，可中心卻在全部承擔，實在是勉強維持，步履艱難。
二、農(nóng)技推廣體系發(fā)展中存在的主要問題
（一）農(nóng)技推廣投資嚴重不足
由于旗鄉(xiāng)財政不寬裕，推廣經(jīng)費長期嚴重短缺，投入不足，致使旗、鄉(xiāng)農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣機構(gòu)在設施設備上還在用上世紀80年代搞商品糧基地建設時留下的老底子，服務設施和手段嚴重落后；現(xiàn)有的農(nóng)技人員待遇嚴重偏低，更難以吸引大中專畢業(yè)生充實進來從事這項工作。財政供給的窘迫狀況，嚴重制約了旗、鄉(xiāng)農(nóng)技推廣機構(gòu)公益性職能的正常發(fā)揮。今年我旗承擔的國家和自治區(qū)的玉米良種補貼項目，在實施過程中，財政狀況較好的鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)如大城西、明沙淖、將軍堯等在落實推廣過程中，給予農(nóng)技人員一定的推廣經(jīng)費，良種補貼項目就落實得較好，宣傳到位。而財政狀況困難的鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)，如三道河、雙龍、沙海子等鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)，推廣經(jīng)費嚴重缺乏，工作力度不夠，宣傳乏力，群眾認識不高，出現(xiàn)了播種面積小、播種遲、種植不規(guī)范等一系列情況。同時農(nóng)技部門和其它部門相比較工作任務重，農(nóng)技人員的收入低，工作條件艱苦，許多農(nóng)技干部不得不“跳農(nóng)門”。
（二）非專業(yè)技術(shù)人員過多，知識斷層與知識老化問題嚴重 農(nóng)技推廣人員結(jié)構(gòu)不合理。現(xiàn)階段從事旗鄉(xiāng)兩級種植業(yè)技術(shù)人員比重偏少，特別是農(nóng)民生產(chǎn)上急需水產(chǎn)、園藝、蔬菜、植保 4 專業(yè)技術(shù)人員更少，均不適應新時期農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣的需要。以縣農(nóng)技推廣中心為例，全中心50人中從事種植技術(shù)推廣的27人，其中從事水產(chǎn)工作的2人，從事植保工作的7人，且存所學專業(yè)與崗位不符的現(xiàn)象。
非專業(yè)技術(shù)人員過多。在全旗種植業(yè)技術(shù)人員中，非專業(yè)技術(shù)人員占70%左右，而大專以上學歷人員僅占人員總數(shù)的5%，具備本專業(yè)學歷人員占總?cè)藬?shù)的26%，從農(nóng)技人員所從事的工作情況看，從事農(nóng)技推廣工作的專業(yè)技術(shù)人員才一半左右，而非專業(yè)技術(shù)人員從事技術(shù)推廣工作的比例則高達20%。
知識斷層與知識老化問題嚴重。從2000年—2003年全旗縣、鄉(xiāng)農(nóng)技站沒有增加過新畢業(yè)的農(nóng)業(yè)院校畢業(yè)生。因為經(jīng)費短缺，農(nóng)技人員無法參加各種繼續(xù)教育和相關專業(yè)培訓，1996年以來旗、鄉(xiāng)兩級的農(nóng)技人員中沒有一位同志進行過脫產(chǎn)學習，在從事農(nóng)技推廣工作的人員中參加過種植業(yè)技術(shù)短期培訓和進修的只有10人（包括在職攻讀中專、大專等人員），占總數(shù)的0.03%。旗、鄉(xiāng)兩級大部分農(nóng)技人員知識嚴重老化，所擁有技術(shù)多為常規(guī)種植技術(shù)，真正掌握“名、特、優(yōu)”種養(yǎng)管理技術(shù)的很少。這種狀況表明：農(nóng)技推廣人員的知識斷層與知識老化現(xiàn)象相當嚴重。
由于以上三方面的原因，我旗農(nóng)技推廣工作進行的難度就較大。還以今年落實玉米良種補貼為例，旗、鄉(xiāng)兩級的非專業(yè)農(nóng)技人員在落實過程中就顯得工作吃力，推廣力度不夠，甚至有少數(shù) 5 人技術(shù)培訓不到位，不受廣大農(nóng)民歡迎；部分專業(yè)過硬的農(nóng)技人員，雖能夠較好地完成該項工作，而且得到廣大農(nóng)戶的好評和認可，但待遇太低，也存在著應付差事的現(xiàn)象。
（三）農(nóng)技推廣體制不合理
鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)農(nóng)技推廣機構(gòu)的人、財、物管理權(quán)下放后，導致旗、鄉(xiāng)兩級農(nóng)技推廣部門業(yè)務斷鏈，鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)農(nóng)技人員絕大部分時間在從事鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)“中心”工作。另外，也為各種關系擠占農(nóng)口指標就業(yè)提供了機會，在農(nóng)技推廣機構(gòu)中，從1996年以來增加的人員，非農(nóng)專業(yè)人員所占比例高達30%。這種旗鄉(xiāng)斷鏈的農(nóng)技推廣體制，在工作過程中，矛盾重重，很難適應新時期農(nóng)技推廣工作的需要。諸如今年在玉米良種補貼、沼氣池建設等農(nóng)技推廣工作中，推廣落實工作的難度就顯得尤為突出。
三、我旗農(nóng)技推廣體系創(chuàng)新的建議
1、改革農(nóng)技推廣體制
在機構(gòu)設臵上要明確行政執(zhí)法、社會公益及一般推廣機構(gòu)的性質(zhì)。合理設臵機構(gòu)，對公共性法律法規(guī)授權(quán)、委托執(zhí)法和行政管理的機構(gòu)，應由財政全額供養(yǎng)；對經(jīng)營性機構(gòu)應大力扶持，實行企業(yè)化管理。種植業(yè)推廣機構(gòu)要設臵跨鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)的區(qū)域站或鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)站，作為旗級推廣機構(gòu)的派出機構(gòu)，全旗統(tǒng)一重新定編、定崗，根據(jù)實際工作需要，旗級農(nóng)技中心因工作量大，要增加現(xiàn)有編制，核定50人為宜，鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)推廣機構(gòu)要以區(qū)域站或鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)站的形式設臵，6 區(qū)域站以鄰近的兩個鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)設立。因我旗耕地面積116萬畝，主要種植小麥、玉米、向日葵、馬鈴薯、胡麻、麻子、甘草、蘋果、葡萄、杏、李，以種植面積1萬畝設臵一名農(nóng)技人員，推廣機構(gòu)區(qū)域站建設8—10個，每站15—20人或鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)站每站5—10人為宜，管理權(quán)限歸屬旗級或農(nóng)業(yè)行政部門主管。
2、創(chuàng)新農(nóng)技推廣管理機制
對社會公益性推廣機構(gòu)一是要按專業(yè)定崗定編，并確保專業(yè)人員比例不少于80%；二是要對專業(yè)人員定期進行培訓，實行再教育，培養(yǎng)綜合型人才；三是按專業(yè)崗位擇優(yōu)聘用，對推廣人員由身份管理向崗位管理轉(zhuǎn)變；四是對專業(yè)技術(shù)職稱評定實行評聘分開，不搞終身制；五是不管實行鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)農(nóng)技推廣區(qū)域站還是鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)站都應明確縣級政府和農(nóng)業(yè)主管部門的管理職責，便于農(nóng)技推廣工作的統(tǒng)籌安排。
3、保證必需的財政供給，增加農(nóng)技推廣資金投入 各級財政要加大對農(nóng)業(yè)推廣計劃的支持力度，增加財政支農(nóng)資金用于農(nóng)技推廣的份額。實踐證明，能否保證財政供給是關乎農(nóng)技推廣機構(gòu)能否全面地履行公益性職能的先決條件，只有經(jīng)費的足額投入，才能增強農(nóng)業(yè)科技推廣服務功能，有效地為廣大農(nóng)民服務。
２００９.１０.１８
第二篇：江蘇高考英語作文模版
南京育才教育英語試卷
高考英語作文模版
話題作文
Nowadays, there are more and more(某種現(xiàn)象)in(某種場合).It is estimated that(相關數(shù)據(jù)).Why have there been so many(某種現(xiàn)象)? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows.The first one is(原因一).Besides,(原因二).The third one is(原因三).To sum up, the main cause of(某種現(xiàn)象)is due to(最主要原因).It is high time that something were done upon it.For one thing,(解決辦法一).On the other hand,(解決辦法二).All these measures will certainly reduce the number of(某種現(xiàn)象).對比觀點題型
（1）要求論述兩個對立的觀點并給出自己的看法。
1． 有一些人認為。。
2． 另一些人認為。。
3． 我的看法。。
The topic of ①-----------------（主題）is becoming more and more popular recently.There are two sides of opinions of it.Some people say A is their favorite.They hold their view for the reason of ②-----------------（支持A的理由一）What is more, ③-------------理由二).Moreover, ④---------------(理由三).While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons.Firstly,-----------------(支持B的理由一).Secondly(besides),⑥------------------（理由二）.Thirdly(finally),⑦------------------(理由三).From my point of view, I think ⑧----------------（我的觀點）.The reason is that ⑨--------------------(原因).As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice.For me, the former is surely a wise choice.（2）給出一個觀點，要求考生反對這一觀點
Some people believe that ①----------------（觀點一）.For example, they think ②-----------------（舉例說明）．And it will bring them ③-----------------(為他們帶來的好處).In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point.For one thing,④-------------(我不同意該看法的理由一).For another thing, ⑤-----------------(反對的理由之二)．
Form all what I have said, I agree to the thought that ⑥------------------(我對文章所討論主題的看法)．
闡述主題題型
要求從一句話或一個主題出發(fā)，按照提綱的要求進行論述．
１． 闡述名言或主題所蘊涵的意義．
２． 分析并舉例使其更充實．
The good old proverb----------------（名言或諺語）reminds us that----------------(釋義).Indeed, we can learn many things form it.First of all,-----------------(理由一).For example,-------------------(舉例說明).Secondly,----------------(理由二).Another case is that---------------(舉例說明).Furthermore ,------------------(理由三)．
In my opinion,----------------(我的觀點).In short, whatever you do, please remember the say------A.If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you”ll necessarily benefit a lot from it.解決方法題型
要求考生列舉出解決問題的多種途徑
１． 問題現(xiàn)狀
２． 怎樣解決(解決方案的優(yōu)缺點)
In recent days, we have to face I problem-----A, which is becoming more and more serious.First,------------(說明Ａ的現(xiàn)狀)．Second,---------------(舉例進一步說明現(xiàn)狀)
Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation.For one thing,---------------(解決方法一).For another-------------(解決方法二).Finally,--------------(解決方法三).Personally, I believe that-------------(我的解決方法).Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because--------------(帶來的好處).說明利弊題型
這種題型往往要求先說明一下現(xiàn)狀，再對比事物本身的利弊，有時也會單從一個角度（利或弊）出發(fā)，最后往往要求考生表明自己的態(tài)度（或?qū)κ挛锴熬疤岢鲱A測）
１． 說明事物現(xiàn)狀
２． 事物本身的優(yōu)缺點（或一方面）
３． 你對現(xiàn)狀（或前景）的看法
Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life.Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows.First----------------(Ａ的優(yōu)點之一).Besides-------------------（Ａ的優(yōu)點之二）.But every coin has two sides.The negative aspects are also apparent.One of the important disadvantages is that----------------(Ａ的第一個缺點)．To make matters worse,------------------(Ａ的第二個缺點)．
Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones.Therefore, I would like to---------------(我的看法)．
(From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in.Only by this way,---------------(對前景的預測)．)
議論文的框架
(1)不同觀點列舉型（選擇型）
There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文題目_____.But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.A majority of people think that _ 觀點一________.In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____.So it goes without saying that ___觀點一_____.People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter.Some people hold the idea that ___觀點二_______.In their point of view, on the one hand，___原因一_______.On the other hand, ____原因二_____.Therefore, there is no doubt that ___觀點二______.As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __觀點一或二______.It is not only because ________, but also because _________.The more _______, the more ________.（2）利弊型的議論文
Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over(the issue that)___作文題目______.In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __題目議題_____.Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows.Firstly, ___優(yōu)點一______.And secondly
___優(yōu)點二_____.Just As a popular saying goes, “every coin has two sides”, __討論議題______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects.To begin with, ___缺點一______.In addition, ____缺點二______.To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __討論議題____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____討論議題___.(3)答題性議論文
Currently, there is a widespread concern over(the issue that)__作文題目_______.It is really an important concern to every one of us.As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem.First of all, __途徑一______.In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途徑二_____.Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文題目______, we should find a number of various ways.But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法_____.(4)諺語警句性議論文
It is well know to us that the proverb: “ ___諺語_______” has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study.It means ____諺語的含義_______.The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows.(also theoretically)
A case in point is ___例子一______.Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____諺語_____.With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____諺語_____.The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.圖表作文的框架
as is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the table(graph/picture/pie/chart), ___作文題目的議題_____ has been on rise/ decrease(goesup/increases/drops/decreases),significantly/dramatically/steadily
rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____.From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.There are at least two good reasons accounting for ______.On the one hand, ________.On the other hand, _______ is due to the fact that ________.In addition, ________ is responsible for _______.Maybe there are some other reasons to show ________.But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that _______.I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.實用性寫作(申請信)
Your address
Month, Date, year
Receiver's address
Dear...,I am extremely pleased to hear from you./ to see your advertisement for the position in....And I would like to write a letter to tell you that.../ I am confident that I am suitable for the kind of the job you are advertising..../ I feel I am competent to meet the requirements you have listed.On the one hand,....On the other hand,....I am enclosing my resume for your kind consideration and reference.I shall be much obliged if you will offer me a precious opportunity to an interview.I will greatly appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience/ I am looking forward to your replies at your earliest convenience.Best regards for your health and success.Sincerely yours,X X X
高考英語作文模板：現(xiàn)象說明文
Recently _______,what amazes us most is______________,it is ture that__________.There are many reasons explaining__________________________.The main reason is____________________.what is more_________________________.thirdly__________________________.As a result_______________.Considering all there,________________________.For one thing_____________________,for another________
____.In Conclusion____________________.一種事物或現(xiàn)象（負面意義傾向）
關于A的話題,早已引起了廣泛的社會關注。如今在電視、報紙、日常生活的很多角落，都有越來越多的關于A的議論。
給A一個精確恒定的定義并非易事，因為它的概念涉及了科學、人性、思想、經(jīng)濟、社會、自然等廣闊的領域。一般而言，我們可以這樣描述A…
A能成為公眾關注的焦點，主要是由于它對個人、集體乃至整個世界都有著不容忽視的不良影響。
認真分析后我們可以看到，A對社會/世界 /健康的不利有很多。首先，從最直觀的角度來看，A的出現(xiàn)直接損害了（這里加入一句針對性的話，如人類的身體健康和環(huán)境的平衡）。（舉例）。其次，從更深一層次上講，它為人類的精神文明蒙上了一層陰影。更可怕的是，由于A所產(chǎn)生微小利益，卻促成了許多可悲的人們?yōu)槠渫跛裕茐牧巳祟惿娴姆▌t和空間。事實上，A的出現(xiàn)是社會發(fā)展和人類進步的產(chǎn)物，A所帶來的危害是人類進化過程中付出的代價。同時，A的產(chǎn)生來源于部分人們的自私和趨利性，他們看到的是膚淺和片面的利益，而從未從整個全局和人類整體的利益出發(fā)去認識和分析它。這使得A始終揮之不去。對此，我奉勸他們，跳出狹小的角落，用長遠和全局的眼光去重新審視A。
而如今，我們已深受其害，要想消除它的危害，我們必須從根源上杜絕它的產(chǎn)生，我們每一個人都應給予A高度的重視，用系統(tǒng)的和科學的方法去解決，唯有這樣，避免它帶來更多損失，我們?nèi)祟惽斑M的腳步才會更加平穩(wěn)，更加歡快的邁向輝煌的明天。
One object or phenomenon(negative significance inclination.)
A has attracted extensive attention of the society.Nowadays, increasingly more argumentations of
A can be found in TV programs, newspapers, ugogo and marry aspects of our everyday life.Since its concept covers vast fields, such as science, humanity, ideology, economy, society and nature, A is difficult to be defined, precisely and fixedly.Generally speaking ,we can describe A as follows:…….A’s status as the focus of public concern mainly results from its in negligible but harmful influence on individuals, collective, and even the whole world.It seems to have a strange power to drive some individuals or organizations to act wrongly.The essence of these wrong actions is:
(1)to gain personal, short-term and partial individual interest at the expense of damaging others’ long-term and overall interest;
(2)to adopt improper means to win more rewards with less input.Situating under the shadow of A, individuals /organizations and violate natural law merely to obtain temporary, or even illusory interests.However, the result may turn out to be loss of really important and valuable resource or ability.We must keep highly alert of the problems evoked by A, because once the harmful influence accumulates to a certain degree and then spread, it will surely threaten the development of the whole society.Though with various reasons and forms, from the perspective of the essence, the problems brought by A originates from the fundamental principle of human ideology and material production.Thus, we should seek the solutions through setting foot on this principle.Due to the depth and width of A’s harmful influence, we should draft our solutiogogotematically on the basis of deep analysis of A problem.We must acquire our power from technology, management, law and culture terrorm, effectively eliminate the shadow of A, and ensures ourselves a bright future.
第三篇：江蘇高考英語作文模版
004km.cn 江蘇省中小學英語教學提供
高考英語作文模版
話題作文
Nowadays, there are more and more(某種現(xiàn)象)in(某種場合).It is estimated that(相關數(shù)據(jù)).Why have there been so many(某種現(xiàn)象)? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows.The first one is(原因一).Besides,(原因二).The third one is(原因三).To sum up, the main cause of(某種現(xiàn)象)is due to(最主要原因).It is high time that something were done upon it.For one thing,(解決辦法一).On the other hand,(解決辦法二).All these measures will certainly reduce the number of(某種現(xiàn)象).對比觀點題型
（1）要求論述兩個對立的觀點并給出自己的看法。
1． 有一些人認為。。
2． 另一些人認為。。
3． 我的看法。。
The topic of ①-----------------（主題）is becoming more and more popular recently.There are two sides of opinions of it.Some people say A is their favorite.They hold their view for the reason of ②-----------------（支持A的理由一）What is more, ③-------------理由二).Moreover, ④---------------(理由三).While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons.Firstly,-----------------(支持B的理由一).Secondly(besides),⑥------------------（理由二）.Thirdly(finally),⑦------------------(理由三).From my point of view, I think ⑧----------------（我的觀點）.The reason is that ⑨--------------------(原因).As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice.For me, the former is surely a wise choice.（2）給出一個觀點，要求考生反對這一觀點
Some people believe that ①----------------（觀點一）.For example, they think ②-----------------（舉例說明）．And it will bring them ③-----------------(為他們帶來的好處).In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point.For one thing,④-------------(我不同意該看法的理由一).For another thing, ⑤-----------------(反對的理由之二)．
Form all what I have said, I agree to the thought that ⑥------------------(我對文章所討論主題的看法)．
闡述主題題型
要求從一句話或一個主題出發(fā)，按照提綱的要求進行論述．
１． 闡述名言或主題所蘊涵的意義．
２． 分析并舉例使其更充實．
The good old proverb----------------（名言或諺語）reminds us that----------------(釋義).Indeed, we can learn many things form it.First of all,-----------------(理由一).For example,-------------------(舉例說明).Secondly,----------------(理由二).Another case is that---------------(舉例說明).Furthermore ,------------------(理由三)．
In my opinion,----------------(我的觀點).In short, whatever you do, please remember the say------A.If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you”ll necessarily benefit a lot from it.004km.cn 江蘇省中小學英語教學提供
解決方法題型
要求考生列舉出解決問題的多種途徑
１． 問題現(xiàn)狀
２． 怎樣解決(解決方案的優(yōu)缺點)
In recent days, we have to face I problem-----A, which is becoming more and more serious.First,------------(說明Ａ的現(xiàn)狀)．Second,---------------(舉例進一步說明現(xiàn)狀)
Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation.For one thing,---------------(解決方法一).For another-------------(解決方法二).Finally,--------------(解決方法三).Personally, I believe that-------------(我的解決方法).Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because--------------(帶來的好處).說明利弊題型
這種題型往往要求先說明一下現(xiàn)狀，再對比事物本身的利弊，有時也會單從一個角度（利或弊）出發(fā)，最后往往要求考生表明自己的態(tài)度（或?qū)κ挛锴熬疤岢鲱A測）
１． 說明事物現(xiàn)狀
２． 事物本身的優(yōu)缺點（或一方面）
３． 你對現(xiàn)狀（或前景）的看法
Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life.Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows.First----------------(Ａ的優(yōu)點之一).Besides-------------------（Ａ的優(yōu)點之二）.But every coin has two sides.The negative aspects are also apparent.One of the important disadvantages is that----------------(Ａ的第一個缺點)．To make matters worse,------------------(Ａ的第二個缺點)．
Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones.Therefore, I would like to---------------(我的看法)．
(From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in.Only by this way,---------------(對前景的預測)．)議論文的框架
(1)不同觀點列舉型（選擇型）
There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文題目_____.But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.A majority of people think that _ 觀點一________.In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____.So it goes without saying that ___觀點一_____.People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter.Some people hold the idea that ___觀點二_______.In their point of view, on the one hand，___原因一_______.On the other hand, ____原因二_____.Therefore, there is no doubt that ___觀點二______.As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __觀點一或二______.It is not only because ________, but also because _________.The more _______, the more ________.004km.cn 江蘇省中小學英語教學提供
（2）利弊型的議論文
Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over(the issue that)___作文題目______.In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __題目議題_____.Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows.Firstly, ___優(yōu)點一______.And secondly ___優(yōu)點二_____.Just As a popular saying goes, “every coin has two sides”, __討論議題______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects.To begin with, ___缺點一______.In addition, ____缺點二______.To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __討論議題____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____討論議題___.(3)答題性議論文
Currently, there is a widespread concern over(the issue that)__作文題目_______.It is really an important concern to every one of us.As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem.First of all, __途徑一______.In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途徑二_____.Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文題目______, we should find a number of various ways.But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法_____.(4)諺語警句性議論文
It is well know to us that the proverb: “ ___諺語_______” has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study.It means ____諺語的含義_______.The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows.(also theoretically)
A case in point is ___例子一______.Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____諺語_____.With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____諺語_____.The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.圖表作文的框架
as is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the table(graph/picture/pie/chart), ___作文題目的議題_____ has been on rise/ decrease(goesup/increases/drops/decreases),significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____.From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.There are at least two good reasons accounting for ______.On the one hand, ________.On the other hand, _______ is due to the fact that ________.In addition, ________ is responsible for _______.Maybe there
004km.cn 江蘇省中小學英語教學提供
are some other reasons to show ________.But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that _______.I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.實用性寫作(申請信)
Your address
Month, Date, year Receiver's address Dear...，I am extremely pleased to hear from you./ to see your advertisement for the position in....And I would like to write a letter to tell you that.../ I am confident that I am suitable for the kind of the job you are advertising..../ I feel I am competent to meet the requirements you have listed.On the one hand,....On the other hand,....I am enclosing my resume for your kind consideration and reference.I shall be much obliged if you will offer me a precious opportunity to an interview.I will greatly appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience/ I am looking forward to your replies at your earliest convenience.Best regards for your health and success.Sincerely yours, X X X
高考英語作文模板：現(xiàn)象說明文
Recently _______,what amazes us most is______________,it is ture that__________.There are many reasons explaining__________________________.The main reason is____________________.what is more_________________________.thirdly__________________________.As a result_______________.Considering all there,________________________.For one thing_____________________,for another________
____.In Conclusion____________________.一種事物或現(xiàn)象（負面意義傾向）
關于A的話題,早已引起了廣泛的社會關注。如今在電視、報紙、日常生活的很多角落，都有越來越多的關于A的議論。
給A一個精確恒定的定義并非易事，因為它的概念涉及了科學、人性、思想、經(jīng)濟、社會、自然等廣闊的領域。一般而言，我們可以這樣描述A… A能成為公眾關注的焦點，主要是由于它對個人、集體乃至整個世界都有著不容忽視的不良影響。
認真分析后我們可以看到，A對社會/世界 /健康的不利有很多。首先，從最直觀的角度來看，A的出現(xiàn)直接損害了（這里加入一句針對性的話，如人類的身體健康和環(huán)境的平衡）。（舉例）。其次，從更深一層次上講，它為人類的精神文明蒙上了一層陰影。更可怕的是，由于A所產(chǎn)生微小利益，卻促成了許多可悲的人們?yōu)槠渫跛?，破壞了人類生存的法則和空間。
事實上，A的出現(xiàn)是社會發(fā)展和人類進步的產(chǎn)物，A所帶來的危害是人類進化過程中付出的004km.cn 江蘇省中小學英語教學提供
代價。同時，A的產(chǎn)生來源于部分人們的自私和趨利性，他們看到的是膚淺和片面的利益，而從未從整個全局和人類整體的利益出發(fā)去認識和分析它。這使得A始終揮之不去。對此，我奉勸他們，跳出狹小的角落，用長遠和全局的眼光去重新審視A。
而如今，我們已深受其害，要想消除它的危害，我們必須從根源上杜絕它的產(chǎn)生，我們每一個人都應給予A高度的重視，用系統(tǒng)的和科學的方法去解決，唯有這樣，避免它帶來更多損失，我們?nèi)祟惽斑M的腳步才會更加平穩(wěn)，更加歡快的邁向輝煌的明天。
One object or phenomenon(negative significance inclination.)
A has attracted extensive attention of the society.Nowadays, increasingly more argumentations of A can be found in TV programs, newspapers, ugogo and marry aspects of our everyday life.Since its concept covers vast fields, such as science, humanity, ideology, economy, society and nature, A is difficult to be defined, precisely and fixedly.Generally speaking ,we can describe A as follows:…….A’s status as the focus of public concern mainly results from its in negligible but harmful influence on individuals, collective, and even the whole world.It seems to have a strange power to drive some individuals or organizations to act wrongly.The essence of these wrong actions is:
(1)to gain personal, short-term and partial individual interest at the expense of damaging others’ long-term and overall interest;
(2)to adopt improper means to win more rewards with less input.Situating under the shadow of A, individuals /organizations and violate natural law merely to obtain temporary, or even illusory interests.However, the result may turn out to be loss of really important and valuable resource or ability.We must keep highly alert of the problems evoked by A, because once the harmful influence accumulates to a certain degree and then spread, it will surely threaten the development of the whole society.Though with various reasons and forms, from the perspective of the essence, the problems brought by A originates from the fundamental principle of human ideology and material production.Thus, we should seek the solutions through setting foot on this principle.Due to the depth and width of A’s harmful influence, we should draft our solutiogogotematically on the basis of deep analysis of A problem.We must acquire our power from technology, management, law and culture terrorm, effectively eliminate the shadow of A, and ensures ourselves a bright future.1.經(jīng)濟的快速發(fā)展 the rapid development of economy
2.人民生活水平的顯著提高/ 穩(wěn)步增長the remarkable improvement/ steady growth of people’s living standard
3.先進的科學技術(shù) advanced science and technolo提高英語寫作分數(shù)的88個詞組 gy
4.面臨新的機遇和挑戰(zhàn) be faced with new opportunities and challenges
5.人們普遍認為 It is commonly believed/ recognized that?
6.社會發(fā)展的必然結(jié)果 the inevitable result of social development
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7.引起了廣泛的公眾關注 arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention
8.不可否認 It is undeniable that?/ There is no denying that?
9.熱烈的討論/ 爭論 a heated discussion/ debate
10.有爭議性的問題 a controversial issue
11.完全不同的觀點 a totally different argument
12.一些人 ?而另外一些人 ? Some people? while others?
13.就我而言/ 就個人而言 As far as I am concerned, / Personally，14.就?達到絕對的一致 reach an absolute consensus on?
15.有充分的理由支持 be supported by sound reasons
16.雙方的論點 argument on both sides
17.發(fā)揮著日益重要的作用 play an increasingly important role in?
18.對?必不可少 be indispensable to ?
19.正如諺語所說 As the proverb goes:
20.?也不例外 ?be no exception
21.對?產(chǎn)生有利/不利的影響 exert positive/ negative effects on?
22.利遠遠大于弊 the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages。
23.導致，引起 lead to/ give rise to/ contribute to/ result in
24.復雜的社會現(xiàn)象 a complicated social phenomenon
25.責任感 / 成就感 sense of responsibility/ sense of achievement
26.競爭與合作精神 sense of competition and cooperation
27.開闊眼界 widen one’s horizon/ broaden one’s vision
28.學習知識和技能 acquire knowledge and skills
29.經(jīng)濟/心理負擔 financial burden / psychological burden
30.考慮到諸多因素 take many factors into account/ consideration
31.從另一個角度 from another perspective
32.做出共同努力 make joint efforts
33.對?有益 be beneficial / conducive to?
34.為社會做貢獻 make contributions to the society
35.打下堅實的基礎 lay a solid foundation for?
36.綜合素質(zhì) comprehensive quality
37.無可非議 blameless / beyond reproach
39.致力于/ 投身于 be committed / devoted to?
40.應當承認 Admittedly，41.不可推卸的義務 unshakable duty
42.滿足需求 satisfy/ meet the needs of?
43.可靠的信息源 a reliable source of information
44.寶貴的自然資源 valuable natural resources
45.因特網(wǎng) the Internet(一定要由冠詞，字母I 大寫)
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46.方便快捷 convenient and efficient
47.在人類生活的方方面面 in all aspects of human life
48.環(huán)保(的)environmental protection / environmentally friendly
49.社會進步的體現(xiàn) a symbol of society progress
50.科技的飛速更新 the ever-accelerated updating of science and technology
51.對這一問題持有不同態(tài)度 hold different attitudes towards this issue
52.支持前/后種觀點的人 people / those in fovor of the former/ latteropinion
53.有/ 提供如下理由/ 證據(jù) have/ provide the following reasons/ evidence
54.在一定程度上 to some extent/ degree / in some way
55.理論和實踐相結(jié)合 integrate theory with practice
56.?必然趨勢 an irresistible trend of?
57.日益激烈的社會競爭 the increasingly fierce social competition
58.眼前利益 immediate interest/ short-term interest
59.長遠利益.interest in the long run
60.?有其自身的優(yōu)缺點 ? has its merits and demerits/ advantages and disadvantages
61.揚長避短 Exploit to the full one’s favorable conditions and avoid unfavorable ones
62.取其精髓，取其糟粕 Take the essence and discard the dregs。
63.對?有害 do harm to / be harmful to/ be detrimental to
64.交流思想/ 情感/ 信息 exchange ideas/ emotions/ information
65.跟上?的最新發(fā)展 keep pace with / catch up with/ keep abreast with the latest development of …
66.采取有效措施來? take effective measures to do sth
67.?的健康發(fā)展 the healthy development of ?
68.有利有弊 Every coin has its two sides。
No garden without weeds。
69.對?觀點因人而異 Views on ?vary from person to person。
70.重視 attach great importance to?
71.社會地位 social status
72.把時間和精力放在?上 focus time and energy on?
73.擴大知識面 expand one’s scope of knowledge
74.身心兩方面 both physically and mentally
75.有直接/間接關系 be directly / indirectly related to?
76.提出折中提議 set forth a compromise proposal
77.可以取代 “think”的詞 believe, claim, maintain, argue, insist, hold the opinion/ belief that
78.緩解壓力/ 減輕負擔 relieve stress/ burden
79.優(yōu)先考慮/發(fā)展? give(top)priority to sth。
80.與?比較 compared with?/ in comparison with
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81.相反 in contrast / on the contrary。
82.代替 replace/ substitute / take the place of
83.經(jīng)不起推敲 cannot bear closer analysis / cannot hold water
84.提供就業(yè)機會 offer job opportunities
85.社會進步的反映 mirror of social progress
86.毫無疑問 Undoubtedly, / There is no doubt that?
87.增進相互了解 enhance/ promote mutual understanding
88.充分利用 make full use of / take advantage of
第四篇：江蘇高考英語作文模版
高考英語作文模版 話題作文
Nowadays, there are more and more(某種現(xiàn)象)in(某種場合).It is estimated that(相關數(shù)據(jù)).Why have there been so many(某種現(xiàn)象)? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows.The first one is(原因一).Besides,(原因二).The third one is(原因三).To sum up, the main cause of(某種現(xiàn)象)is due to(最主要原因).It is high time that something were done upon it.For one thing,(解決辦法一).On the other hand,(解決辦法二).All these measures will certainly reduce the number of(某種現(xiàn)象).對比觀點題型
（1）要求論述兩個對立的觀點并給出自己的看法。1．有一些人認為。。2．另一些人認為。。3．我的看法。。
The topic of ①-----------------（主題）is becoming more and more popular recently.There are two sides of opinions of it.Some people say A is their favorite.They hold their view for the reason of ②-----------------（支持A的理由一）What is more, ③-------------理由二).Moreover, ④---------------(理由三).While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons.Firstly,-----------------(支持B的理由一).Secondly(besides),⑥------------------（理由二）.Thirdly(finally),⑦------------------(理由三).From my point of view, I think ⑧----------------（我的觀點）.The reason is that ⑨--------------------(原因).As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice.For me, the former is surely a wise choice.（2）給出一個觀點，要求考生反對這一觀點 Some people believe that ①----------------（觀點一）.For example, they think ②-----------------（舉例說明）．And it will bring them ③-----------------(為他們帶來的好處).In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point.For one thing,④-------------(我不同意該看法的理由一).For another thing, ⑤-----------------(反對的理由之二)．
Form all what I have said, I agree to the thought that ⑥------------------(我對文章所討論主題的看法)． 闡述主題題型
要求從一句話或一個主題出發(fā)，按照提綱的要求進行論述． １．闡述名言或主題所蘊涵的意義． ２．分析并舉例使其更充實．
The good old proverb----------------（名言或諺語）reminds us that----------------(釋義).Indeed, we can learn many things form it.First of all,-----------------(理由一).For example,-------------------(舉例說明).Secondly,----------------(理由二).Another case is that---------------(舉例說明).Furthermore ,------------------(理由三)．
In my opinion,----------------(我的觀點).In short, whatever you do, please remember the say------A.If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you”ll necessarily benefit a lot from it.解決方法題型
要求考生列舉出解決問題的多種途徑 １．問題現(xiàn)狀
２．怎樣解決(解決方案的優(yōu)缺點)
In recent days, we have to face I problem-----A, which is becoming more and more serious.First,------------(說明Ａ的現(xiàn)狀)．Second,---------------(舉例進一步說明現(xiàn)狀)
Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation.For one thing,---------------(解決方法一).For another-------------(解決方法二).Finally,--------------(解決方法三).Personally, I believe that-------------(我的解決方法).Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because--------------(帶來的好處).說明利弊題型
這種題型往往要求先說明一下現(xiàn)狀，再對比事物本身的利弊，有時也會單從一個角度（利或弊）出發(fā)，最后往往要求考生表明自己的態(tài)度（或?qū)κ挛锴熬疤岢鲱A測）１．說明事物現(xiàn)狀
２．事物本身的優(yōu)缺點（或一方面）３．你對現(xiàn)狀（或前景）的看法
Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life.Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows.First----------------(Ａ的優(yōu)點之一).Besides-------------------（Ａ的優(yōu)點之二）.But every coin has two sides.The negative aspects are also apparent.One of the important disadvantages is that----------------(Ａ的第一個缺點)．To make matters worse,------------------(Ａ的第二個缺點)．
Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones.Therefore, I would like to---------------(我的看法)．
(From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in.Only by this way,---------------(對前景的預測)．)議論文的框架
(1)不同觀點列舉型（選擇型）
There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文題目_____.But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.A majority of people think that _ 觀點一________.In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____.So it goes without saying that ___觀點一_____.People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter.Some people hold the idea that ___觀點二_______.In their point of view, on the one hand，___原因一_______.On the other hand, ____原因二_____.Therefore, there is no doubt that ___觀點二______.As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __觀點一或二______.It is not only because ________, but also because _________.The more _______, the more ________.（2）利弊型的議論文
Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over(the issue that)___作文題目______.In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __題目議題_____.Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows.Firstly, ___優(yōu)點一______.And secondly ___優(yōu)點二_____.Just As a popular saying goes, “every coin has two sides”, __討論議題______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects.To begin with, ___缺點一______.In addition, ____缺點二______.To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __討論議題____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____討論議題___.(3)答題性議論文
Currently, there is a widespread concern over(the issue that)__作文題目_______.It is really an important concern to every one of us.As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem.First of all, __途徑一______.In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途徑二_____.Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文題目______, we should find a number of various ways.But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法_____.(4)諺語警句性議論文
It is well know to us that the proverb: “ ___諺語_______” has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study.It means ____諺語的含義_______.The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows.(also theoretically)
A case in point is ___例子一______.Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____諺語_____.With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____諺語_____.The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.圖表作文的框架 as is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the table(graph/picture/pie/chart), ___作文題目的議題_____ has been on rise/ decrease(goesup/increases/drops/decreases),significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____.From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.There are at least two good reasons accounting for ______.On the one hand, ________.On the other hand, _______ is due to the fact that ________.In addition, ________ is responsible for _______.Maybe there are some other reasons to show ________.But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that _______.I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.實用性寫作(申請信)Your address
Month, Date, year Receiver's address Dear...，I am extremely pleased to hear from you./ to see your advertisement for the position in....And I would like to write a letter to tell you that.../ I am confident that I am suitable for the kind of the job you are advertising..../ I feel I am competent to meet the requirements you have listed.On the one hand,....On the other hand,....I am enclosing my resume for your kind consideration and reference.I shall be much obliged if you will offer me a precious opportunity to an interview.I will greatly appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience/ I am looking forward to your replies at your earliest convenience.Best regards for your health and success.Sincerely yours, X X X 高考英語作文模板：現(xiàn)象說明文
Recently _______,what amazes us most is______________,it is ture that__________.There are many reasons explaining__________________________.The main reason is____________________.what is more_________________________.thirdly__________________________.As a result_______________.Considering all there,________________________.For one thing_____________________,for another________
____.In Conclusion____________________.一種事物或現(xiàn)象（負面意義傾向）
關于A的話題,早已引起了廣泛的社會關注。如今在電視、報紙、日常生活的很多角落，都有越來越多的關于A的議論。
給A一個精確恒定的定義并非易事，因為它的概念涉及了科學、人性、思想、經(jīng)濟、社會、自然等廣闊的領域。一般而言，我們可以這樣描述A?
A能成為公眾關注的焦點，主要是由于它對個人、集體乃至整個世界都有著不容忽視的不良影響。
認真分析后我們可以看到，A對社會/世界 /健康的不利有很多。首先，從最直觀的角度來看，A的出現(xiàn)直接損害了（這里加入一句針對性的話，如人類的身體健康和環(huán)境的平衡）。（舉例）。其次，從更深一層次上講，它為人類的精神文明蒙上了一層陰影。更可怕的是，由于A所產(chǎn)生微小利益，卻促成了許多可悲的人們?yōu)槠渫跛?，破壞了人類生存的法則和空間。
事實上，A的出現(xiàn)是社會發(fā)展和人類進步的產(chǎn)物，A所帶來的危害是人類進化過程中付出的代價。同時，A的產(chǎn)生來源于部分人們的自私和趨利性，他們看到的是膚淺和片面的利益，而從未從整個全局和人類整體的利益出發(fā)去認識和分析它。這使得A始終揮之不去。對此，我奉勸他們，跳出狹小的角落，用長遠和全局的眼光去重新審視A。
而如今，我們已深受其害，要想消除它的危害，我們必須從根源上杜絕它的產(chǎn)生，我們每一個人都應給予A高度的重視，用系統(tǒng)的和科學的方法去解決，唯有這樣，避免它帶來更多損失，我們?nèi)祟惽斑M的腳步才會更加平穩(wěn)，更加歡快的邁向輝煌的明天。
One object or phenomenon(negative significance inclination.)
A has attracted extensive attention of the society.Nowadays, increasingly more argumentations of A can be found in TV programs, newspapers, ugogo and marry aspects of our everyday life.Since its concept covers vast fields, such as science, humanity, ideology, economy, society and nature, A is difficult to be defined, precisely and fixedly.Generally speaking ,we can describe A as follows:…….A’s status as the focus of public concern mainly results from its in negligible but harmful influence on individuals, collective, and even the whole world.It seems to have a strange power to drive some individuals or organizations to act wrongly.The essence of these wrong actions is:
(1)to gain personal, short-term and partial individual interest at the expense of damaging others’ long-term and overall interest;
(2)to adopt improper means to win more rewards with less input.Situating under the shadow of A, individuals /organizations and violate natural law merely to obtain temporary, or even illusory interests.However, the result may turn out to be loss of really important and valuable resource or ability.We must keep highly alert of the problems evoked by A, because once the harmful influence accumulates to a certain degree and then spread, it will surely threaten the development of the whole society.Though with various reasons and forms, from the perspective of the essence, the problems brought by A originates from the fundamental principle of human ideology and material production.Thus, we should seek the solutions through setting foot on this principle.Due to the depth and width of A’s harmful influence, we should draft our solutiogogotematically on the basis of deep analysis of A problem.We must acquire our power from technology, management, law and culture terrorm, effectively eliminate the shadow of A, and ensures ourselves a bright future.1.經(jīng)濟的快速發(fā)展 the rapid development of economy
2.人民生活水平的顯著提高/ 穩(wěn)步增長the remarkable improvement/ steady growth of people’s living standard
3.先進的科學技術(shù) advanced science and technolo提高英語寫作分數(shù)的88個詞組 gy
4.面臨新的機遇和挑戰(zhàn) be faced with new opportunities and challenges
5.人們普遍認為 It is commonly believed/ recognized that?
6.社會發(fā)展的必然結(jié)果 the inevitable result of social development
7.引起了廣泛的公眾關注 arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention
8.不可否認 It is undeniable that?/ There is no denying that?
9.熱烈的討論/ 爭論 a heated discussion/ debate
10.有爭議性的問題 a controversial issue
11.完全不同的觀點 a totally different argument
12.一些人?而另外一些人? Some people? while others?
13.就我而言/ 就個人而言 As far as I am concerned, / Personally，14.就?達到絕對的一致 reach an absolute consensus on?
15.有充分的理由支持 be supported by sound reasons 16.雙方的論點 argument on both sides 17.發(fā)揮著日益重要的作用 play an increasingly important role in? 18.對?必不可少 be indispensable to ? 19.正如諺語所說 As the proverb goes: 20.?也不例外?be no exception 21.對?產(chǎn)生有利/不利的影響 exert positive/ negative effects on? 22.利遠遠大于弊 the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages。23.導致，引起 lead to/ give rise to/ contribute to/ result in 24.復雜的社會現(xiàn)象 a complicated social phenomenon 25.責任感 / 成就感 sense of responsibility/ sense of achievement 26.競爭與合作精神 sense of competition and cooperation 27.開闊眼界 widen one’s horizon/ broaden one’s vision 28.學習知識和技能 acquire knowledge and skills 29.經(jīng)濟/心理負擔 financial burden / psychological burden 30.考慮到諸多因素 take many factors into account/ consideration 31.從另一個角度 from another perspective 32.做出共同努力 make joint efforts 33.對?有益 be beneficial / conducive to?
34.為社會做貢獻 make contributions to the society 35.打下堅實的基礎 lay a solid foundation for? 36.綜合素質(zhì) comprehensive quality 37.無可非議 blameless / beyond reproach 39.致力于/ 投身于 be committed / devoted to? 40.應當承認 Admittedly, 41.不可推卸的義務 unshakable duty 42.滿足需求 satisfy/ meet the needs of?
43.可靠的信息源 a reliable source of information 44.寶貴的自然資源 valuable natural resources 45.因特網(wǎng) the Internet(一定要由冠詞，字母I 大寫)46.方便快捷 convenient and efficient 47.在人類生活的方方面面 in all aspects of human life 48.環(huán)保(的)environmental protection / environmentally friendly 49.社會進步的體現(xiàn) a symbol of society progress 50.科技的飛速更新 the ever-accelerated updating of science and technology 51.對這一問題持有不同態(tài)度 hold different attitudes towards this issue 52.支持前/后種觀點的人 people / those in fovor of the former/ latteropinion 53.有/ 提供如下理由/ 證據(jù) have/ provide the following reasons/ evidence 54.在一定程度上 to some extent/ degree / in some way 55.理論和實踐相結(jié)合 integrate theory with practice 56.?必然趨勢 an irresistible trend of?
57.日益激烈的社會競爭 the increasingly fierce social competition 58.眼前利益 immediate interest/ short-term interest 59.長遠利益.interest in the long run
60.?有其自身的優(yōu)缺點? has its merits and demerits/ advantages and disadvantages
61.揚長避短 Exploit to the full one’s favorable conditions and avoid unfavorable ones
62.取其精髓，取其糟粕 Take the essence and discard the dregs。
63.對?有害 do harm to / be harmful to/ be detrimental to
64.交流思想/ 情感/ 信息 exchange ideas/ emotions/ information
65.跟上?的最新發(fā)展 keep pace with / catch up with/ keep abreast with the latest development of ?
66.采取有效措施來? take effective measures to do sth
67.?的健康發(fā)展 the healthy development of ?
68.有利有弊 Every coin has its two sides。
No garden without weeds。
69.對?觀點因人而異 Views on ?vary from person to person。
70.重視 attach great importance to?
71.社會地位 social status
72.把時間和精力放在?上 focus time and energy on?
73.擴大知識面 expand one’s scope of knowledge
74.身心兩方面 both physically and mentally
75.有直接/間接關系 be directly / indirectly related to?
76.提出折中提議 set forth a compromise proposal
77.可以取代“think”的詞 believe, claim, maintain, argue, insist, hold the opinion/ belief that
78.緩解壓力/ 減輕負擔 relieve stress/ burden
79.優(yōu)先考慮/發(fā)展? give(top)priority to sth。
80.與?比較 compared with?/ in comparison with
81.相反 in contrast / on the contrary。
82.代替 replace/ substitute / take the place of
83.經(jīng)不起推敲 cannot bear closer analysis / cannot hold water
84.提供就業(yè)機會 offer job opportunities
85.社會進步的反映 mirror of social progress
86.毫無疑問 Undoubtedly, / There is no doubt that?
87.增進相互了解 enhance/ promote mutual understanding
88.充分利用 make full use of / take advantage of
第五篇：2009年全國高考海南地理試題答案
金屬非金屬礦山主要負責人和安全管理人員培訓復習題
一、單選
1.《生產(chǎn)安全事故報告和調(diào)查處理條例》規(guī)定單位負責人接到事故報告后，應當于（A）小時內(nèi)向事故發(fā)生地縣級以上人民政府安全生產(chǎn)監(jiān)督管理部門和負有安全生產(chǎn)監(jiān)督管理職責的有關部門報告。A.1 B.3 C.5 D7 2.《生產(chǎn)安全事故應急預案管理辦法》規(guī)定生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營單位制定的應急預案應當至少每（C）年修訂一次,預案修訂情況應有記錄并歸檔。A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4 3.《關于加強金屬非金屬礦山安全基礎管理的指導意見》規(guī)定露天礦山專職安全管理人員不少于（B）人。A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4 4.對小型金屬非金屬礦山，發(fā)生一次較大責任事故或一年內(nèi)連續(xù)發(fā)生兩起一般責任事故的主要負責人，暫扣其《安全資格證》，責令參加復訓，復訓不合格的吊銷其《安全資格證》，（B）年內(nèi)不得頒發(fā)。A.1 B.3 C.5 D7 5.水平運輸平巷作為安全出口時，必須保證人力運輸?shù)挠行挾炔恍∮冢ˋ）m。
A.0.7 B.0.8 C.0.9 D.1.0 6.防止地表水災基本的要求是，豎井、斜井、平硐等井口標高要高于當?shù)貧v史最高洪水水位（C）米以上。A.0.8 B.0.9 C1.0 D.1.2
7.露天礦爆破作業(yè)必須設立警戒線，爆破安全允許距離由設計確定，但最低不小于（D）m A.50 B.100 C.150 D.200 8.穿孔作業(yè)中，鉆機移動時，機下應有工作人員引導和監(jiān)護。鉆機不宜在坡度超過（C）°的坡面上行走；如超過這個角度，必須放下鉆架，并采取防傾覆措施。A.5 B.10 C.15 D.20 9.（A）是最成功、應用最廣泛的一種控制爆破方法。A.減振爆破
B.預裂爆破 C.緩沖爆破 D.微差爆破 10.（B）是最簡單的一種控制爆破方法。
A.減振爆破
B.預裂爆破 C.緩沖爆破 D.微差爆破
11.《作業(yè)場所職業(yè)危害申報管理辦法》規(guī)定作業(yè)場所職業(yè)危害（B）申報一次。
A每半年
B.每年
C.每兩年
D.每三年
12.《關于加強金屬非金屬礦山安全基礎管理的指導意見》規(guī)定地下礦山專職安全管理人員不少于（C）人。A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4 13.每個礦井至少要有兩個獨立的直達地面的安全出口，安全出口間距不小于（C）m。A.20 B.25 C.30 D.35 14.運輸斜井作為安全出口時，必須保證人行道的有效凈高不小于（B）m。
A.1.8 B.1.9 C.2.0 D.2.1
15.露天礦山企業(yè)必須遵循（B）開采順序。A.自下而上
B.自上而下
C.自內(nèi)而外
D.自外而內(nèi)
16.小型露天采石場不能采用分臺階開采的，應當自上而下分層開采，實施淺眼爆破時，分層高度不得超過（A）米。A.6 B.8 C.15 D.20 17.采裝工作中裝車時不得將鏟斗壓碰汽車車幫，鏟斗卸礦高度不得超過（B）m，以免振傷司機,砸壞車輛。A.0.2 B.0.5 C.0.7 D.0.9 18.（C）的主要優(yōu)點是施工比較迅速，安裝簡便，靠重力疏干，幾乎不需要維護，布設靈活，能適應地質(zhì)條件的變化。
A.地表排水
B.地下水疏干 C.水平疏干孔
D.垂直疏干井 19.關于金屬非金屬礦山事故處理，事故發(fā)生單位對事故發(fā)生負有責任的，將按規(guī)定進行處罰，其中發(fā)生重大事故的，將處以（C）的罰款。
A.10萬元以上20萬元以下 B.20萬元以上50萬元以下 C.50萬元以上200萬元以下 D.200萬元以上500萬元以下
20.在處理瞎炮時，應在爆破（B）min后再進入現(xiàn)場處理。A.15 B.20 C.25 D.30 21.《作業(yè)場所職業(yè)危害申報管理辦法》規(guī)定作業(yè)場所職業(yè)危害（B）
申報一次。
A每半年
B.每年
C.每兩年
D.每三年
22.水平運輸平巷作為安全出口時，必須保證人力運輸?shù)挠行挾炔恍∮冢ˋ）m。
A.0.7 B.0.8 C.0.9 D.1.0
二、多選
1.《生產(chǎn)安全事故報告和調(diào)查處理條例》規(guī)定，發(fā)生了事故，事故調(diào)查處理過程中最重要的一條原則就是“四不放過”，下列說法正確的是（ABCD）
A．事故原因沒有查清不放過 B．事故責任者沒有嚴肅處理不放過 C．廣大職工沒有受過教育不放過 D.防范措施沒有落實不放過
2.《生產(chǎn)安全事故應急預案管理辦法》規(guī)定生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營單位的應急預案按照針對情況的不同，分為（ABC）A綜合應急預案 B.專項應急預案 C.現(xiàn)場處置方案 D.綜合處置方案
3.錨桿(索)一般有（ABD）三部分組成。A.錨頭
B.拉伸段
C伸長段 D錨固段
4.關于電氣工作安全措施中的安全組織措施，下列說法正確的是
（ABC）A.工作票制度 B.工作監(jiān)護制度 C.恢復送電制度 D.工作組織制度
5.露天礦對地表水和地下水治理的一般措施有（ABCD）。A.地表排水
B.水平疏干孔
C.垂直疏干井
D.地下疏干巷道 6.《生產(chǎn)安全事故信息報告和處置辦法》規(guī)定生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營單位負責人向有關部門報告用電話快報事故信息時，其內(nèi)容包括（ACD）A．事故發(fā)生單位的名稱、地址、性質(zhì)； B．已經(jīng)采取的措施 C．事故發(fā)生的時間、地點
D．事故已經(jīng)造成或者可能造成的傷亡人數(shù)(包括下落不明、涉險的人數(shù))7.加強作業(yè)現(xiàn)場勞動組織管理中要嚴肅查處“三違”行為，關于“三違”下列說法正確的是（ACD）
A.違章作業(yè)
B.違章建筑
C.違章指揮
D.違反勞動紀律 8.下列屬于抗滑樁加固邊坡優(yōu)點的有（ABCD）A布置靈活
B.施工不影響滑體的穩(wěn)定性 C.施工工藝簡單 D速度快
9.關于造成壩基滲漏的設計方面原因，下列說法正確的是（AD）A.對壩址的地質(zhì)勘探工作做得不夠 B.天然鋪蓋被破壞
C.在壩后任意取土，影響地基的滲透穩(wěn)定 D.鋪蓋在滲水壓力作用下破壞
10.下列關于危險源的控制下列說法正確的是（ABD）。A技術(shù)控制 B人行為控制 C組織控制 D管理控制。
11.關于造成壩基滲漏的設計方面原因，下列說法正確的是（AD）A.對壩址的地質(zhì)勘探工作做得不夠 B.天然鋪蓋被破壞
C.在壩后任意取土，影響地基的滲透穩(wěn)定 D.鋪蓋在滲水壓力作用下破壞
12.露天礦對地表水和地下水治理的一般措施有（ABCD）。A.地表排水
B.水平疏干孔
C.垂直疏干井
D.地下疏干巷道
三、判斷題
1.金屬非金屬礦山是我國重要的基礎產(chǎn)業(yè)，在國民經(jīng)濟中占有重要的地位。（√）
2.生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營單位應當制定本單位的應急預案演練計劃，根據(jù)本單位的事故預防重點，每年至少組織一次綜合應急預案演練或者專項應急預
案演練，每年至少組織一次現(xiàn)場處置方案演練。（√）
3.生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營單位的主要負責人對本單位作業(yè)場所的職業(yè)危害防治工作全面負責。（×）
4.《作業(yè)場所職業(yè)危害申報管理辦法》規(guī)定作業(yè)場所職業(yè)申報收取基本費用。（×）
5.《礦山資源法》是保障礦山生產(chǎn)安全、防止礦山事故、保護礦山職工人身安全、促進采礦業(yè)發(fā)展的重要專業(yè)安全生產(chǎn)法律。（√）6.《關于加強金屬非金屬礦山安全基礎管理的指導意見》規(guī)定礦山每班必須確保都有專職安全檢查人員。（√）
7.豎井、斜井、平硐等井口標高要高于當?shù)貧v史最高洪水水位1米以上，特殊情況下達不到要求的，要以歷史最高洪水位為標準修筑防洪堤，在井口必須筑人工島，使井口高于最高洪水位1 m以上。（√）8.爆破作業(yè)必須設立警戒線，爆破安全允許距離由設計確定，但最低不小于150 m。（×）
9.尾礦庫必須設置專職安全管理人員，兼職有無均可。（√）10.尾礦壩堆積到設計最終壩高的1/2～2/3高度時，應對壩體進行一次全面的勘察，并進行壩體穩(wěn)定性專項評價，否則不能進行生產(chǎn)。（×）11.相鄰采石場之間應當設置大于30 m的隔離帶。（√）
12.豎井、斜井、平硐等井口標高要高于當?shù)貧v史最高洪水水位1米以上，特殊情況下達不到要求的，要以歷史最高洪水位為標準修筑防洪堤，在井口必須筑人工島，使井口高于最高洪水位1 m以上。（√）13.水平疏干孔的位置和間距，取決于邊坡的幾何形狀和巖體中結(jié)構(gòu)
面的分布。（√）
14.爆破作業(yè)必須設立警戒線，爆破安全允許距離由設計確定，但最低不小于150 m。（×）
15.在處理瞎炮時，應在爆破15 min后再進入現(xiàn)場處理。（×）16.尾礦庫必須設置專職安全管理人員，兼職有無均可。（×）17.采礦作業(yè)的技術(shù)安全要求：每個采場都要有兩個出口，并上下相連通。（√）
18.尾礦壩堆積到設計最終壩高的1/2～2/3高度時，應對壩體進行一次全面的勘察，并進行壩體穩(wěn)定性專項評價，否則不能進行生產(chǎn)。（√）19.采石場上部需要剝離的，剝離工作面應當超前于開采工作面10m以上。（×）
20.相鄰采石場之間應當設置大于30 m的隔離帶。（√）
21.礦山生產(chǎn)過程中，每天都要接觸到有毒物質(zhì)，排除有毒物質(zhì)的最好辦法是通風排毒，特別是爆破以后要加強通風，15 min以后才能進入爆破現(xiàn)場。（√）
22.鏟裝工作時禁止用挖掘機鏟斗處理粘幫車輛。（√）23.地下礦井通風系統(tǒng)的有效風量率，不得低于40％。（×）24.在處理瞎炮時，應在爆破15 min后再進入現(xiàn)場處理。（×）25.對于部分停電的作業(yè)，安全距離小于0.7 m的未停電設備，應裝設臨時遮攔、并懸掛“止步，高壓危險”的標示牌等。（√）26.采礦作業(yè)的技術(shù)安全要求：每個采場都要有兩個出口，并上下相連通。（√）
27.人力推車時應注意：推車人員應在巷道側(cè)幫行走。（×）
四、簡答題
1.《礦山安全法》規(guī)定礦山設計哪些項目必須符合礦山安全規(guī)程和行業(yè)技術(shù)規(guī)范？
答：① 礦井的通風系統(tǒng)和供風量、風質(zhì)、風速； ② 露天礦的邊坡角和臺階的寬度、高度； ③ 供電系統(tǒng)； ④ 提升、運輸系統(tǒng)；
⑤ 防水、排水系統(tǒng)和防火、滅火系統(tǒng)； ⑥ 防瓦斯系統(tǒng)和防塵系統(tǒng)； ⑦ 有關礦山安全的其他項目。
2.露天礦有幾種排水系統(tǒng)？分別適用于什么類型的礦山？ 答：(1)自流排水系統(tǒng)，主要是山坡露天礦采用；
(2)采場底部集中排水系統(tǒng)，適用于匯水面積和涌水量小的中小礦山；(3)采場分段截流排水系統(tǒng)，適用于匯水面積大，開采較深的礦山；(4)地下井巷排水系統(tǒng)，多用于涌水量大的露天礦。這種排水系統(tǒng)多與礦床疏干工程統(tǒng)籌考慮。
3.礦山電氣火災的預防措施主要有哪些？
答：(1)應選用合格的礦用不易燃橡套電纜。電纜的懸掛應符合礦山安全規(guī)程的要求。
(2)避免外力打擊電纜，開關在跳閘后，不查明原因不得反復強行送電。
(3)電纜不準成堆堆放或壓埋，電纜接線盒附近不得存放易燃物。(4)要正確使用電纜的連接方法，不能用捆接法和壓接法。(5)礦用變壓器使用的絕緣油應定期化驗，不合格的應及時更換。(6)井下不準用燈泡、電爐取暖。
(7)機電硐室應采用不燃物支護，不得存放易燃物料，并設防火門。(8)進行電焊作業(yè)應辦理動火證，并采取相應的防火措施。4.在事故應急救援預案中應明確哪些內(nèi)容？
答(1)應急救援組織機構(gòu)設置、組成人員和職責劃分。
(2)在事故應急救援預案中應明確預案的資源配備情況，包括應急救援保障、救援需要的技術(shù)資料、應急設備和物資等，并確保其有效使用。
(3)事故應急救援預案中應確定應急培訓計劃，演練計劃，教育、訓練、演練的實施與效果評估等內(nèi)容。
(4)互助協(xié)議。當有關的應急力量與資源相對薄弱時，應事先尋求與外部救援力量建立正式互助關系，做好相應安排，簽訂互助協(xié)議，做出互救的規(guī)定。
5.爆破工作的安全管理有哪些內(nèi)容？
(1)露天礦爆破作業(yè)中存在較多不安全因素，因此從事爆破作業(yè)的工作人員必須經(jīng)過爆破技術(shù)訓練和專業(yè)安全教育，掌握安全操作方法和了解爆破安全規(guī)程，持證上崗。
(2)爆破作業(yè)的爆破準備、炮位驗收、藥包加工、裝藥、堵孔、起爆和爆破檢查等環(huán)節(jié)都必須保證安全生產(chǎn)。
(3)爆破準備工作應事先了解天氣情況，禁止黃昏、夜間、雷雨、大霧進行大爆破作業(yè)。爆破前做好炮孔檢查：有無亂孔、堵攏、卡孔、積水，及時調(diào)整設計裝藥量。
(4)起爆藥包的加工需在獨立的房間內(nèi)進行，禁止煙火。裝藥車或裝藥器裝藥時要有可靠的防靜電措施。起爆前，所有人員應撤離到安全地點，防止早爆事故造成傷亡。爆破后,應嚴格按規(guī)定的等待時間進入爆破地點檢查。檢查中發(fā)現(xiàn)拒爆藥包或?qū)θ袘岩蓵r，應設置警戒線并立即處理。
(5)為保證人員、設備和建筑物安全，必須正確確定各項安全距離。(6)嚴格按照盲炮處理的各項規(guī)定處理盲炮。6.探水作業(yè)施工中應嚴格遵循哪些有關事項？ 答：a加強頂板支護。
b加強探水迎頭的通風和有害氣體的檢查。c安排避災路線
d設立警鈴信號及其他通訊聯(lián)絡設備。e安裝安全套管
7.尾礦庫的閉庫設計方案中應包括哪些內(nèi)容？
答：(1)根據(jù)現(xiàn)行設計規(guī)范規(guī)定的洪水設防標準，對洪水重新核定，并盡可能減少暴雨洪水的入庫流量，可采取分流、截流等措施將洪流排至庫外。
(2)對現(xiàn)存的排洪系統(tǒng)及其構(gòu)筑物的泄流能力和強度進行復核。(3)對現(xiàn)存壩體的穩(wěn)定性(靜力、動力及滲流)做出評價。
(4)對庫區(qū)及其周圍的環(huán)境狀況進行調(diào)查并記錄(重點是水及尾塵污 染)，制定確保閉庫后安全的治理方案。8.編制救援預案中應急演練的工作要求有哪些？
答：(1)應急演練工作必須遵守國家相關法律、法規(guī)、標準的有關規(guī)定；
(2)應急演練應納入本單位應急管理工作的整體規(guī)劃，按照規(guī)劃組織實施；
(3)應急演練應結(jié)合本單位安全生產(chǎn)過程中的危險源、危險、有害因素、易發(fā)事故的特點，根據(jù)應急預案或特定應急程序組織實施；(4)根據(jù)需要合理確定應急演練類型和規(guī)模；(5)制定應急演練過程中的安全保障方案和措施；
(6)應急演練應周密安排、結(jié)合實際、從難從嚴、注重過程、實事求是、科學評估；
(7)不得影響和妨礙生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)的正常運轉(zhuǎn)及安全。9.尾礦庫的閉庫設計方案中應包括哪些內(nèi)容？
答：(1)根據(jù)現(xiàn)行設計規(guī)范規(guī)定的洪水設防標準，對洪水重新核定，并盡可能減少暴雨洪水的入庫流量，可采取分流、截流等措施將洪流排至庫外。
(2)對現(xiàn)存的排洪系統(tǒng)及其構(gòu)筑物的泄流能力和強度進行復核。(3)對現(xiàn)存壩體的穩(wěn)定性(靜力、動力及滲流)做出評價。(4)對庫區(qū)及其周圍的環(huán)境狀況進行調(diào)查并記錄 10.礦山電氣火災的預防措施主要有哪些？
答：(1)應選用合格的礦用不易燃橡套電纜。電纜的懸掛應符合礦山安全規(guī)程的要求。
(2)避免外力打擊電纜，開關在跳閘后，不查明原因不得反復強行送電。
(3)電纜不準成堆堆放或壓埋，電纜接線盒附近不得存放易燃物。(4)要正確使用電纜的連接方法，不能用捆接法和壓接法。(5)礦用變壓器使用的絕緣油應定期化驗，不合格的應及時更換。(6)井下不準用燈泡、電爐取暖。
(7)機電硐室應采用不燃物支護，不得存放易燃物料，并設防火門。(8)進行電焊作業(yè)應辦理動火證，并采取相應的防火措施。點是水及尾塵污染)，制定確保閉庫后安全的治理方案。
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