第一篇：全國(guó)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試翻譯類(lèi)型總結(jié)(教師)
全國(guó)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試翻譯類(lèi)型總結(jié)（教師）
倒裝：
1.The university authorities did not approve the regulation, ______________________________.（也沒(méi)有解釋什么）(2011, 6)
neither/ nor did they make any explanation
2.The manager never laughed;neither__________________（她也從來(lái)沒(méi)有發(fā)過(guò)脾氣）(2010, 6)
did she lose her temper/ become angry before
3._____________________（直到他完成使命）did he realize that he was seriously ill.(2008, 12)
Not until he had finished his mission
虛擬語(yǔ)氣：
1.Jane is tried of dealing with customer complains and wishes that she______________________.（能被分配做另一項(xiàng)工作）(2011, 6)
could be assigned to another job
2.They requested that _____________________________________（我借的書(shū)還回圖書(shū)館）by the next Friday.(2010, 12)
the book I borrowed(should)be returned to the library
3.It is suggested that the air conditioner _____________________（要安裝在窗戶(hù)旁）(2010, 6)
(should)be fixed/ installed next to the window
4.You should not have failed if you _______________________（按照我的指令去做）(2009, 12)
had followed my instructions
5.If she had returned an hour earlier, Mary ____________________________（就不會(huì)被大雨淋了）(2009, 12)
wouldn’t have been caught in the rain
6.The victim _______________________（本來(lái)會(huì)有機(jī)會(huì)活下來(lái)）if he had been taken to hospital in time.(2006, 12)
would have had a chance to survive
名詞性從句：
1._________________________（給游客印象最深的）was the friendliness and warmth of the local people.(2010, 12)
What impressed the tourists most
2._________________________（很多人所沒(méi)有意識(shí)到的）is that Simon is a lover of sports, and football in particular.(2009, 12)
What many people don’t realize
3._________________________（大多數(shù)父母所關(guān)心的）is providing the best education possible for their children.(2008, 12)
What most parents are concerned about
4.Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life _______________________________,（是用他們能夠借到多少來(lái)衡量的）not how much they can earn.(2007, 12)
is measured by how much they can loan
5.It’s wrong to define happiness only by money.(僅僅以金錢(qián)來(lái)定義幸福)（2011年12）
定語(yǔ)從句：
1.Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems ___________________ _______________________.（他們至今還沒(méi)有答案）(2008, 12)
to which they still have no answers so far
2.The prevention and treatment of AIDS is ______________________________.（我們可以合作的領(lǐng)域）(2007, 06)
the field in which we can cooperate
3.It’s my mother who/that keeps encouraging me not to lose heart(一直鼓勵(lì)我不要灰心)when I have difficulties in my study.（2011年12月）
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：
1.______________________________（與我成長(zhǎng)的地方相比）, this town is more prosperous and exciting.(2008, 12)
Compared with the place where I grew up
固定搭配：
1.John rescued the drowning child __________________________.（冒著自己的生命危險(xiǎn)）(2011, 6)
at the risk/ expense of his own life
2.Although he was interested in philosophy, _______________________（他的父親說(shuō)服他）majoring in law.(2011, 6)
his father persuaded him into
3._______________________（為了確保他參加會(huì)議），I called him up in advance.(2010, 12)
In order to/ To ensure that he can attend the meeting
4.Because of the noise outside, Nancy had great difficulty _______________________________.（集中注意力在實(shí)驗(yàn)上）(2010, 6)
(in)concentrating on/ focusing her attention on the experiment
5.We look forward to _________________________________.（被邀請(qǐng)出席開(kāi)幕式）(2010, 6)
being invited to attend the opening ceremony
6.The 16-year-old girl decided to travel abroad on her own despite _________________________.（她父母的強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)）(2010, 6)
strong opposition/ objection from her parents
7.Despite the hardship he encountered, Mark never _________________________.（放棄對(duì)知識(shí)的追求）(2009, 12)
gave up pursuing knowledge
8.Production has to be increased considerably to __________________________________（與消費(fèi)者不斷增長(zhǎng)的需求保持同步）(2009, 12)
keep pace with the constantly increasing demands of consumers
9.Soon after he transferred to the new school, Ali found that he had ________________________（很難跟上班里的同學(xué)）in math and English.difficult(in)catching up with his classmates
10.The study shows that the poor functioning of the human body is ________________________.（與缺乏鍛煉密切相關(guān)）(2009, 12)
closely related to the lack of exercise
11.You’d better take a sweater with you ________________________（以防天氣變冷）(2008, 12)
in case of temperature drop
12.Through the project, many people have received training and __________________________.（決定自己創(chuàng)業(yè)）(2008, 12)
decided to start their own business
13.Our efforts will pay off if the results of this research _________________________________.（能應(yīng)用于新技術(shù)的開(kāi)發(fā)）(2008, 6)
can be applied to the development of new technology
14._________________________（多虧了一系列的新發(fā)明）, doctors can treat this disease successfully.(2007, 12)
Thanks to a series of new inventions
15.I would prefer shopping online to shopping in a department store because ________________ ______________________.（它更加方便和省時(shí)）(2007, 12)
it is more convenient and time-saving/ less time-consuming
16.Specialists in intercultural studies say that it is not easy to ____________________________.（適應(yīng)不同文化中的生活）
adapt oneself to life in different cultures
17.To make donations or for more information, please ________________________.（按一下地址和我們聯(lián)系）(2007, 6)
contact us at the following address
18.The nation’s population continues to rise _________________________.（以每年1200萬(wàn)人的速度）(2006, 12)
at the rate of 12 million per year
常考句型：
1.George called his boss from the airport but it__________________________.（接電話(huà)的卻是他的助手）(2011, 6)
turned out that his assistant answered/ picked up the phone
2.The magnificent museum______________（據(jù)說(shuō)建成于）about a hundred years ago.(2010, 12)
is said to have been built
3.There would be no life on earth ______________________.（沒(méi)有地球獨(dú)特的環(huán)境）(2010, 12)
without its unique environment
4.Scientists agree that it will be a long time ___________________________.（我們找到治愈癌癥的方法）(2009, 12)
before we find the methods to cure cancers
5.The more exercise you take, _________________________.（你越不大可能得感冒）(2009, 12)
the less likely you are to catch a cold
6.It is said that those who are stressed or working overtime are _________________________.（更有可能增加體重）(2009, 12)
more likely to put on weight
7.The anti-virus agent was not known ____________________________.（知道一名醫(yī)生偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了它）(2008, 12)
until a doctor found it by chance
8.I can’t boot my computer now.Something _________________（一定出了毛?。﹚ith its operation system.(2008, 12)
must be wrong
9.Leaving one’s job, _______________（不管是什么工作）, is a difficult change, even for those who look forward to retiring.(2008, 12)
no matter what/ whatever job it is
10.In my sixties, one change I notice is that _____________________________.（我比以前更容易累了）(2007, 12)
I am more likely/ inclined to get tired than before
11.I am going to pursue this course, __________________________________（無(wú)論我要作出什么樣的犧牲）(2007, 12)
whatever/ no matter what kind of sacrifice I have to make
第二篇：英語(yǔ)四級(jí)翻譯總結(jié)
1.中秋習(xí)俗
在中國(guó)月餅是一種特殊的食品，廣受海內(nèi)外華人的歡迎。中秋吃月餅就好比圣誕節(jié)吃餡餅(mince pies)。為了慶祝中秋節(jié)，中國(guó)人通常做兩件事：一是觀(guān)賞滿(mǎn)月。二是品嘗美味的月餅。中秋節(jié)是每年農(nóng)歷八月十五日。據(jù)說(shuō)，這一天的月亮是一年中最圓的。而月亮正是慶賀中秋的全部主題。在中國(guó)人眼中，月餅象征著全家人的大團(tuán)圓。
2.傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)
皮影戲又稱(chēng)“影子戲”。它是中國(guó)著名民間戲劇形式之一。表演時(shí)藝人通常一邊演唱一邊操縱用獸皮或紙板制作的人物形象。它們的影子通過(guò)燈光出現(xiàn)在簾布上。這營(yíng)造了有人物在活動(dòng)的幻象。有時(shí)表演者需要控制三到四個(gè)偶人。皮影戲在我國(guó)歷史悠久，元代時(shí)還曾傳到世界上很多國(guó)家，迷倒了不少?lài)?guó)外戲迷，被人們親切地稱(chēng)為“中國(guó)影燈”。
3.社交饑渴
手機(jī)，是一項(xiàng)偉大的發(fā)明。但很顯然，手機(jī)也刷新了人與人的關(guān)系。會(huì)議室門(mén)口通常貼著一條公告：請(qǐng)與會(huì)者關(guān)閉手機(jī)?？墒?，會(huì)議室里手機(jī)鈴聲仍然響成一片。我們都是普通人，并沒(méi)有多少特別重要的事情。盡管如此，我們也不會(huì)輕易關(guān)掉手機(jī)。打開(kāi)手機(jī)象征著我們與這個(gè)世界的聯(lián)系。顯然，手機(jī)反映出我們的“社交饑渴癥”。(thirst for socialization)4.北京介紹
北京是座有三千年歷史的古城。早在公元前十一世紀(jì)，北京就是燕國(guó)的國(guó)都，因此北京有燕京之稱(chēng)。在以后的幾千年里，北京又成為金、元、明、清各朝的國(guó)都。北京是中國(guó)的六大古都之一，其他五個(gè)是西安、南京、洛陽(yáng)、開(kāi)封和杭州。北京是座既古老又年輕的城市，有許多名勝古跡。從故宮、天壇到頤和園，你們可以看到北京保留了許多昔日的風(fēng)采。
5.生活習(xí)慣
多少年來(lái)，我養(yǎng)成了一個(gè)習(xí)慣：每天早晨四點(diǎn)在黎明以前起床工作。我不出去跑步或散步，而是一下床就干活兒。因此我對(duì)黎明前的北京的了解是在屋子里感覺(jué)到的。我從前在什么報(bào)上讀過(guò)一篇文章，講黎明時(shí)分天安門(mén)廣場(chǎng)上的清潔工人。那情景必然是非常動(dòng)人的，可惜我從未能見(jiàn)到，只是心向往之而已。
6.保護(hù)動(dòng)物
目前，人類(lèi)的生存環(huán)境正在遭到破壞，美麗的大自然已經(jīng)不那么美麗了。保護(hù)野生動(dòng)物，也就是保護(hù)人類(lèi)自己。我強(qiáng)烈呼吁：不要再捕殺黑猩猩，不要再捕殺野生動(dòng)物了，讓我們?nèi)祟?lèi)多一些地球上的朋友，多給我們下一代保留一些野生動(dòng)物吧!否則，地球?qū)缭谌祟?lèi)手中，人類(lèi)將毀滅在自己手中。7.學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)
到中國(guó)來(lái)旅游觀(guān)光的人很少不會(huì)注意到中國(guó)人學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的勁頭。公園里有專(zhuān)門(mén)的英語(yǔ)角，老老少少會(huì)定期聚在一起操練。馬路上外國(guó)游客常常被學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的人圍住交談，從天氣到政治，無(wú)所不談。各種英語(yǔ)班如雨后春筍在到處出現(xiàn)。
8.發(fā)明創(chuàng)造
過(guò)去50年其實(shí)并不是發(fā)明創(chuàng)新的黃金時(shí)期。從1900年到1950年，改變?nèi)祟?lèi)生活的發(fā)明有汽車(chē)、飛機(jī)、電話(huà)、收音機(jī)、電視機(jī)——當(dāng)然還有核武器和計(jì)算機(jī)。而近50年來(lái)，只有為數(shù)不多的發(fā)明。難道發(fā)明的源泉已經(jīng)枯竭了嗎?答案并非如此。事實(shí)上，發(fā)明的新時(shí)代剛剛開(kāi)始。
9.電腦技術(shù)
有些人擔(dān)心電腦技術(shù)的廣泛使用會(huì)進(jìn)一步惡化就業(yè)形勢(shì)。但另一種觀(guān)點(diǎn)認(rèn)為盡管這對(duì)個(gè)人來(lái)說(shuō)會(huì)丟掉飯碗，對(duì)整個(gè)社會(huì)來(lái)說(shuō)由于提高了生產(chǎn)率，因而有利于經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。不管對(duì)社會(huì)影響如何，有一點(diǎn)是肯定的：有技術(shù)的人變得越來(lái)越吃香，沒(méi)技術(shù)的人工作越來(lái)越難找。
10.個(gè)人集體
不管是在一個(gè)公司，還是在一個(gè)政府里，重大的決定總是個(gè)人作出的，而不是集體。我們需要集體的討論，因?yàn)榭梢越涣骺捶ê徒?jīng)驗(yàn)。但是集體討論不能代替?zhèn)€人的作用。理由很清楚，如要作出一個(gè)重大的決定，集體總是不能對(duì)迅速變化的事件作出同樣迅速的反應(yīng)。
11.學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)會(huì)
上大學(xué)給人們提供了在無(wú)邊無(wú)際的知識(shí)海洋里遨游探索的機(jī)會(huì)。為了豐富多彩的人生，大學(xué)生應(yīng)該充分利用目前讀大學(xué)的大好時(shí)光。他們應(yīng)該意識(shí)到上大學(xué)決不僅僅意味著得到一個(gè)學(xué)位，得到一個(gè)好的工作。他們?nèi)绻粷M(mǎn)足于專(zhuān)業(yè)課內(nèi)容，就會(huì)終生受益。
12.文化交流
文化是不同國(guó)家的人們互相理解的最佳媒體。通過(guò)舉辦文化節(jié)，許多中國(guó)城市在世界上的知名度提高了。已經(jīng)證明，對(duì)促進(jìn)中國(guó)人民和世界其他地方人民之間的交流來(lái)說(shuō)，這是最好的途徑之一。這種交流不僅僅限于文化方面，還擴(kuò)大到了經(jīng)濟(jì)和其他領(lǐng)域。
13.大四生活
現(xiàn)在大學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)壓力相當(dāng)重。除了大四，他們開(kāi)始找工作了，其余的學(xué)生總是忙于學(xué)習(xí)，而不愿參加校園團(tuán)體和俱樂(lè)部，不愿參加體育鍛煉和其他課外活動(dòng)，不愿與他們的朋友玩玩，不愿關(guān)心和學(xué)習(xí)沒(méi)有關(guān)系的事。總之，他們就像一個(gè)機(jī)器人。壓力大，時(shí)間少，功課多?？吹酵瑢嬍依锏娜硕忌蠄D書(shū)館去學(xué)習(xí)，到深夜閉館才回，而自己卻去看電影，他們就會(huì)有一種內(nèi)疚感。一想到白天什么事都沒(méi)干，心里就感到不安，會(huì)整夜因此睡不著覺(jué)。他們學(xué)習(xí)太緊張，幾乎沒(méi)有時(shí)間好好品嘗生活，干些其他事，成為一個(gè)全面發(fā)展的人。讀大學(xué)使他們失去太多的個(gè)人幸福和健康。
14.人物介紹
徐霞客一生周游考察了十六個(gè)省，足跡幾乎遍及全國(guó)。他在考察的過(guò)程中，從不盲目迷信書(shū)本上的結(jié)論，從不把權(quán)威看作是真理的唯一基礎(chǔ)。他發(fā)現(xiàn)人研究的地理記載中有許多不很可靠的地方。為了進(jìn)行真實(shí)細(xì)致的考察，他很少乘車(chē)坐船，幾乎全靠雙腳翻山越嶺，長(zhǎng)途跋涉;為了弄清大自然的真相，他總是挑選道路艱險(xiǎn)的山區(qū)、人跡稀少的森林進(jìn)行考察，發(fā)現(xiàn)了許多奇山秀景;他常常選擇不同的時(shí)間和季節(jié)，多次重游各地名山，反復(fù)觀(guān)察變換的奇景。他不僅善于觀(guān)察，觀(guān)察的精確、耐心、客觀(guān)、而且對(duì)觀(guān)察的結(jié)果鍥而不舍地進(jìn)行思考。
15.節(jié)日聯(lián)歡
在這明月當(dāng)空的中秋之夜，我很高興能應(yīng)邀出席貴公司的慶祝晚宴，同各位一起度過(guò)一個(gè)輕松、難忘的夜晚。我們平時(shí)忙于各自的工作，幾乎沒(méi)有時(shí)間坐下來(lái)交談。我希望這次晚會(huì)可以讓我們無(wú)所拘束地相互溝通，增進(jìn)友誼。在這個(gè)高度競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的時(shí)代，人際關(guān)系越來(lái)越緊張，似乎缺少了傳統(tǒng)意義上的那種人間溫暖的關(guān)懷。我國(guó)的中秋節(jié)不僅給人們提供了團(tuán)聚的機(jī)會(huì)，其意義還包含了關(guān)懷、融洽和奉獻(xiàn)。我為有幸參加這次中秋聚會(huì)，再次表示感謝。
16.人際關(guān)系
有時(shí)候，在工作中重要的倒是能否處理好人際關(guān)系而不是有多大的才能。人際關(guān)系就是一種善于聽(tīng)取別人的意見(jiàn)，體察別人的需要，虛心接受批評(píng)的能力。善于處理人際關(guān)系的人敢于承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤，敢于承擔(dān)自己的責(zé)任，這是對(duì)待錯(cuò)誤的一種成熟和負(fù)責(zé)任的態(tài)度。這就是為什么許多平平庸庸的公司雇員在大調(diào)整中保住了位置，而有才能的人反而下崗。因?yàn)樗麄兒茏⒁馓幚砀鞣矫娴年P(guān)系，所以八面玲瓏，到處有緣。而人際關(guān)系差的人往往不能處理好批評(píng)。碰到錯(cuò)誤，他們首先想到自己，拒不承認(rèn)自己有錯(cuò)，或情緒低落或大發(fā)雷霆，成為有刺的人，難以相處。
17.網(wǎng)上聊天
網(wǎng)上聊天指的是兩個(gè)或多個(gè)人之間通過(guò)計(jì)算機(jī)來(lái)同時(shí)進(jìn)行的文學(xué)交流。這種交流是同步的-個(gè)人在他的鍵盤(pán)上鍵入信息，和他聊天的人在其電腦屏幕上看見(jiàn)信息后便可以馬上回復(fù)。網(wǎng)絡(luò)聊天也在其特定的專(zhuān)業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)。它們?nèi)菀祖I入，使交流更快速。經(jīng)常上網(wǎng)聊天的人使用縮略語(yǔ)，例如BRB意思是“馬上回來(lái)”，IMHO是指“依本人之拙見(jiàn)”。數(shù)年前還鮮為人知的電子網(wǎng)絡(luò)產(chǎn)業(yè)，時(shí)至今日已成為一個(gè)國(guó)家國(guó)民生活的重要組成部分。越來(lái)越多的網(wǎng)民使用人們所知道的“信息高速公路”。
18.外貿(mào)發(fā)展
在過(guò)去20年中，世界上沒(méi)有任何一個(gè)國(guó)家的外貿(mào)發(fā)展速度像中國(guó)那么快。日本用了20多年時(shí)間才將其外貿(mào)總額翻了一番而中國(guó)卻翻了兩番。中國(guó)現(xiàn)在已是全球第三大電器生產(chǎn)國(guó)，并且正在成為全球電器市場(chǎng)上的主角。中國(guó)還是世界上勞動(dòng)密集型(labor-intensive)產(chǎn)品的主要生產(chǎn)國(guó)。間才將其外貿(mào)總額翻了一番，而中國(guó)卻翻了兩番。
19.經(jīng)濟(jì)地位
自1978年改革開(kāi)放以來(lái)，中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)了90倍，是增長(zhǎng)最快的主要經(jīng)濟(jì)體。預(yù)測(cè)2011至2015年，年均GDP增長(zhǎng)會(huì)保持9.5%。中國(guó)是世界最大的出口國(guó)，第二大進(jìn)口國(guó)。它也是世界第二大奢侈品消費(fèi)國(guó)。目前的GDP位于世界第二，大約6萬(wàn)億美元，相當(dāng)于美國(guó)的四成。中國(guó)是世界工廠(chǎng)。每三件家具，三件玩具，兩雙鞋子，兩件衣服中，就有一件是由中國(guó)制造的。
20.中國(guó)概況
中華人民共和國(guó)，簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)中國(guó)，位于東亞，與14個(gè)國(guó)家或地區(qū)接壤。它是世界上人口最多的國(guó)家，有13億人口。中國(guó)有56個(gè)民族，漢族占總?cè)丝?2%。漢語(yǔ)是世界上使用最廣泛也是外國(guó)人最難懂的語(yǔ)言之一。漢語(yǔ)方言很多，使用最廣的是普通話(huà)和粵語(yǔ)。漢語(yǔ)發(fā)源于象形文字(hieroglyph)，有超過(guò)四萬(wàn)個(gè)漢字。受過(guò)良好教育的人能認(rèn)識(shí)約六千個(gè)字。閱讀報(bào)紙需要認(rèn)識(shí)三千字左右。
1.參考譯文：
Moon cakes are aspecial kind of food in China.They are very popular with the Chinese at homeand abroad.Moon cakes are to Mid-Autumn Festival what mince pies are toChristmas.To celebrate Mid-Autumn Festival, Chinese usually do two things:enjoy the full moon and eat delicious moon cakes.Mid-Autumn Festival falls onthe 15thday of the 8th month of the lunar calendar.Itis the time when the moon is said to be at its brightest and fullest.And themoon is what this celebration is all about.In the eyes of the Chinese people ,a moon cake symbolizes the reunion of all family members.2.參考譯文
The shadow puppetplay, also known as ?shadow play?, is one of China?s famous folk opera forms.During the performance, players usually sing while holing/manipulating humanfigures, which are made of animal skin and paper board.The shadows of thosehuman figures are reflected on a curtain through the light.This creates theillusion of moving images.Sometimes the performer needs to control three orfour puppets.Shadow puppet play enjoys a long history in China.It was introducedto many countries during the Yuan Dynasty and attracted many foreign audience.They call the art form Chinese shadow play.3.參考譯文
The cell phone is agreat invention.But obviously, It has altered the relationship among people.There is usually a notice on the door of the meeting room, which reads, “Pleaseturn off your hand-set.” However, phones ring now and then when the meetinggoes on.We are but ordinary people and have few urgencies to tackle with.Nevertheless, we will not switch off our phones easily.Phones-on symbolizesour connecting with this world.Obviously, cell phone has been reflecting our“thirst for socialization”.4.參考譯文
Beijing is anancient city with a history of 3,000 years.As early as the 11th century, B.C.,it was the capital of the Kingdom of Yan;that's why Beijing is also known asYanjing.In the few thousand years afterwards, Beijing again served as thecapital for the Jin,Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties.Beijing is one of China'ssix ancient capitals;the other five are Xi?an，Nanjing, Luoyang, Kaifeng, and Hangzhou.Beijing is a city both old and young, with many places of historical interestand scenic beauty.From the Forbidden City, the Temple of Heaven, and theSummer Palace, you can see that Beijing has retained a lot of color of oldChinese life.5.參考譯文
For many years, Ihave been in the habit of getting up before daybreak to start work at four.Instead of going out for a jog or walk, I?ll set about my work as soon as I?mout of bed.As a result, it is from inside my study that I've got the feel ofpredawn Beijing.Years ago, I hit upon a newspaper article about streetcleaners in Tian?anmen Square at daybreak.It must have been a very movingscene, but what a pity I haven?t seen it with my own eyes.I can only pictureit in my mind longingly.6.參考譯文
Atpresent, man?s living environment is being ruined, and beautiful nature is nolonger so beautiful.Protection of wild life is protection of man himself.So Iappeal strongly to all to stop killing the chimpanzee or any other wild animal.Let us human beings have more friends on the earth, and leave more wild lifefor future generations.Or the earth would be destroyed by man, and man by manhimself.7.參考譯文
Fewvisitors to China will fail to notice the eagerness of the Chinese to learnEnglish.2)In public parks there are special corners where English learners oldand young gather at regular time to practise their spoken English.3)Foreignvisitors are often besieged on streets by English learners who want to talkwith them in English abut anything from weather to politics.4)English classesare mushrooming across the land 8.參考譯文
Actually the lastfifty years was not the golden age of invention and innovation.From 1900 to1950, human life was transformed by such invention as cars, aeroplanes,telephones, radios and television sets, not to mention nuclear weapons and thecomputer of course.In the recent 50 years since only a few inventions havebeen made, was the wellspring of invention drying up? Not likely.Indeed, a newage of invention is just beginning.9.參考譯文
Some people areworrying that the wide use of computer technology will cause furtherunemployment.Another argument however holds that although some individualswill lose their jobs society as a whole will benefit economically throughincreases in productivity.Despite its effects on society one thing is certain:the technically trained will become ever more valuable while the jobs for theblue-collar population will become less available.10.參考譯文
An importantdecision is always made by individuals not by committees whether it involves acompany or a government.We need committees because that?s where people couldshare their opinions and experiences.But they could not replace individuals.The reason is obvious: a committee faced with a major decision can?t alwaysmove as quickly as the events it is trying to respond to.11.參考譯文
College provides achance to explore the vast areas of unlimited knowledge.To have a rich fulllife a college student should make the most of the opportunities at hand.Heshould realize that going to college means a lot more than earning a degree andsecuring a good job.If he can explore beyond his immediate career objectiveshe will enjoy the rest of his life.12.參考譯文
Culture is the bestmedium for people of different countries to understand each other.Throughculture festivals, many cities in China have raised their prestige in theworld.As has been proven that, this is one of the best ways to promote thecommunication between Chinese people and the people from different parts of theworld.This kind of communication is not only confined to culture, but extendsto economy and other fields.13.參考譯文
College studentsnow bear heavy academic pressure.You will find them—except seniors who arebeginning to look for a job—always too busy in studies to join campusorganizations, too busy to take part in sports and other extracurricularactivities, too busy to share the interests of their friends and too busy topay attention to anything that is not connected with their studies.In shortthey have become nothing but a robot.They are under pressure to do too muchwork in too little time.If their roommates are studying in the library untilit closes at midnight while they go to a movie they will feel guilty.The veryidea of doing nothing during the day will make them uncomfortable and sleeplessall night.They study so hard that they have hardly had time to savor life andto pursue other interests to grow as well-rounded people.The pursuit ofcollege education costs them too much personal happiness and health.14.參考譯文
During his lifetime Xu Xiake visited 16 provinces leaving his footprints nearly everywhereacross the land.He never blindly accepted the conclusions given by books nordid he treat authority as the sole basis for truth.As a result he found manyinaccuracies in the travel notes on geography written by his predecessors.Inorder to get a detailed and truthful picture of the particular places hepreferred to travel on foot instead of by cart or boat despite long distancesand even ventured into mountainous areas and jungles which are rarely traveledby people and full of dangers.The payoff for his effort was his discovery ofmany fantastic landscapes which attracted him to return in different seasonsand even different hours of the day to observe their kaleidoscopic spectacles.He was not only a good observer accurate patient and objective but also appliedpersistent thought to the observations he made.15.參考譯文
On this mostbeautiful moon-lit mid-autumn evening, I'm very glad to be invited to attendyour company's celebration evening party, and share a relaxing and memorableevening with you.We are so busily engaged in our work that we have virtuallylittle time sitting down and talking to each other.I hope this party will givean opportunity to talk to each other freely, and to increase / enhance personalfriendship.In this era of intensive competition, interpersonal relationsbecome increasingly intense.What appears to be lacking are the traditional humanwarmth and care.China's Mid-autumn Festival does not only provide an occasionfor getting together, but also implies opportunities for care, harmony anddedication.I wish to thank you again for your invitation to / giving me theopportunity to attend this mid-autumn evening party.16.參考譯文
Sometimes it isinterpersonal skills rather than professional skills that really counts in yourcareer.Interpersonal skills are nothing but the ability to be good listener tobe sensitive toward others? needs to take criticism well.People with skill insocial relations admit their mistakes and take their share of blame which is amature and responsible way to handle an error.That?s why many mediocreemployees survive violent corporate upheavals while people of great talent arebeing laid off.Sensitive in their dealings with others they are well likedeverywhere.People with poor interpersonal skills have trouble takingcriticism.When confronted with a mistake they let their ego get in the way.Theydeny responsibility and became moody or angry.They mark themselves as“prickly”.17.參考答案
Online chat refersto the simultaneous text communication between two or more people via computer.It is synchronous-one person types a message on his keyboard, and the peoplewith whom he is chatting see the message appear on their monitors and respondalmost immediately.Chat has its ownjargon.They are easy to type and make the communication more efficient.Peoplewho chat commonly use abbreviations.BRB, for example, means ”be right back”.IMHO means “in my humble opinion”.The electronicnetwork industry, which was virtually unknown years ago, has become an vitalpart of a country?s national life.An increasing population of netizens makeuse of what is popularly known as the “information superhighway”.18.參考譯文
Over the last twodecades, no country in the world has expanded its foreign trade as fast asChina.Japan took more than 20 years to double its foreign trade, while China,for the same length of time, has quadrupled its foreign trade(has increasedits foreign trade by three times..Already the world' s third largest producerof electric appliances, China is now playing a major role in the global marketof the electric wares.China has also become a major producer oflabor-intensive manufactured goods in the world.19.參考譯文
Since economic opening up and reform policy beganin 1978, China?s economy has grown 90 times bigger, and isthe fastest growingmajor economy in the world.China?s annual average GDP growth is predicted tobe 9.5 percent for the period of 2011-2015.It is the world?s largest exporterand the second largest importer of goods.It is also known as the world?ssecond biggest consumer of luxury goods.It now has the world?s second largestGDP at about 6 trillion US dollars, 40 percent of the United States.China
is the world?s factory.One out of every three household appliances/three toys/ two pairs of shoes/ two shirts are made in China.20.參考譯文
The People?s Republic of China, commonly known asChina, is located in East Asia, and borders14 nations or districts in theworld.It is the most populous state in the world with a 1.3 billionpopulation.China?s made of 56 distinctive ethnic groups, with Han Chinesemaking the 92% of its whole population.Chinese is the most widely spokenlanguage in the world as well as one of the most complicated for foreigners.There are many regional dialects of Chinese although the most widely spoken isMandarin and Cantonese.Chinese characters evolved over time from earlier formsof hieroglyphs.Chinese contains over 40,000 characters, but a well-educatedperson can recognized around 6,000 characters.Some 3,000 are required to reada newspaper
第三篇：英語(yǔ)四級(jí)翻譯總結(jié)
四級(jí)大綱樣題 87.The substance does not dissolve in water ________________(不管是否加熱).88.only _______________(他向我收費(fèi)過(guò)高), he didn't do a good repair job either.Not but 89.Your losses
in
trade
this
year
are
nothing ____________________(與我的相比).90.On average, it is said, visitors spend only _____________________(一半的錢(qián))in a day in Leeds as in London.91.By contrast, American mothers were more likely____________________(把孩子的成 功歸因于)natural talent.06.6 87 Having spent some time in the city, he had no trouble ______(找到去歷史博物館的路).88 __________(為了掙錢(qián)供我上學(xué)), Mother often takes on more work than is good for her.89 The professor required that __________________(我們交研究報(bào)告).90 The more you explain, _________________(我愈糊涂).91 Though a skilled worker, _______________(他被公司解雇了)last week because of the economic crisis.06.12 87.Specialists in intercultural studies say that it is not easy to___(適應(yīng)不同文化中的生活)88.Since my childhood I have found that ___________(沒(méi)有什么比讀書(shū)對(duì)我更有吸引力)89.The victim___________(本來(lái)有機(jī)會(huì)活下來(lái))if he had been taken to hospital in time.90.Some psychologists claim that people_________(出門(mén)在外時(shí)可能會(huì)感到孤獨(dú))91.The nation's population continues to rise_________(以每年 1200 萬(wàn)人的速度)2 07.6 87.The finding of this study failed to _____________(將人們的睡眠質(zhì)量考慮在內(nèi)).88.The prevention and treatment of AIDS is ____________(我們可以合作的領(lǐng)域).89.Because of the leg injury, the athlete__________________(決定退出比賽).90.To make donations or for more information, please ________(按以下地址和我們聯(lián)系).91.Please come here at ten tomorrow morning ______________(如果你方便的話(huà)).07.12 87 __________(多虧了一系列的新發(fā)明), doctors can treat this disease successfully.88 In my sixties, one change I notice is that ______________(我比以前更容易累了).89 I am going to pursue this course, _____________(無(wú)論我要作出什么樣的犧牲).90 I would prefer shopping online to shopping in a department store because ____________(它更方便和省時(shí)).91 Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life _______________(用他們能夠 借到多少來(lái)衡量的), not how much they can earn.08.6 87.Our efforts will pay off if the results of this research______.能應(yīng)用于新技術(shù)的開(kāi)發(fā))(88.I can't boot my computer now.Something ____________(一定出了毛病)with its operation system.89.Leaving one's job, ____________________,(不管是什么工作), is a difficult change even for those who look forward to retiring.90.________________________,(與我成長(zhǎng)的地方相比),this town is more prosperous and exciting.91.__________________(直到他完成 3 使命)did he realize that he was seriously ill.六級(jí)大綱樣題 72.It was essential that ____________(我們?cè)谠碌浊昂炗喓贤?.73.To our delight, she________________(進(jìn)大學(xué)一個(gè)月就適應(yīng)了校園生活).74.The new government was accused____________(未實(shí)現(xiàn)其降低失業(yè)率的承諾).75.The workmen think ________________________(遵守安全規(guī)則很重要).76.The customer complained that no sooner ________________(他剛試著使用這臺(tái)機(jī)器, 它就不運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)了).06.12 72.If you had _______________________________(聽(tīng)從了我的忠告,你就不會(huì)陷入麻煩).73.With tears on her face, the lady ________________(看著她受傷的兒子被送進(jìn)手術(shù)室).74.After the terrorist attack, tourists ___________________(被勸告暫時(shí)不要去該國(guó)旅游).75.I prefer to communicate with my customers _________(通過(guò)寫(xiě)電子郵件而不是打電話(huà)).76.________________________(直到截止日他才寄出)his application form.07.6: : 82.The auto manufacturers found themselves __________(正在同外國(guó)公司競(jìng)爭(zhēng)市場(chǎng)的 份額).83.Only in the small town __________________(他才感到安全和放松).84.It is absolutely unfair that these children _____________(被剝奪了受教育的權(quán)利).85.Our years of hard work are all in vain, ___________________(更別提我們花費(fèi)的大量 金錢(qián)了).86.The problems of blacks and women ________________________(最近幾十年受到公 眾相當(dāng)大的關(guān)注).07.12 82 But for mobile phones, 4 ______________________(我們的通信就不可能如此迅速和方 便).83.In handling an embarrassing situation, ____________(沒(méi)有什么比幽默更有幫助的了).84.The Foreign Minister said he was resigning, but _________________(他拒絕進(jìn)一步解 釋這樣做的原因).85.Human behavior is mostly a product of learning, _____________(而動(dòng)物的行為主要依 靠本能).86.The witness was told that under no circumstances ____________________(他都不應(yīng) 該對(duì)法庭說(shuō)謊).08.6 82.We
can
say
a
lot
of
things
about those____________________________(畢生致力 于詩(shī)歌的人);they are passionate, impulsive, and unique.83.Mary couldn't have received my letter,______________________.否則她上周就該回(信了).84.Nancy is supposed to_________________(做完化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn))at least two weeks ago.85.Never once ______________(老兩口互相爭(zhēng)吵)since they were married 40 years ago.86._________________________(一個(gè)國(guó)家未來(lái)的繁榮在很大程度上有賴(lài)于)the quality of education of its people.全真題參考答案: 全真題參考答案: 四級(jí) 大綱樣題 大綱樣題 87.whether(it is)heated or not 88.Not only did he charge me too much 或 Not only did he overcharge me 89.compared with mine 或 in comparison with mine 90.half as much(money)91.to attribute/ascribe their children's success to 06.6 87.finding the way to the history museum 88.In order to support my university 5 studies(或:to finance my education;to pay for my education/to pay my tuition fees)89.we(should)hand in our/the research report(s)90.the more confused I am 91.he was fired by the company 06.12 87.adapt oneself to life/living in different cultures 88.nothing is more attractive to me than reading 或 to me, nothing is more important than reading 89.would have had a chance to survive 或 would have survived 90.might feel lonely when they are far from home/ are not in their hometown/ traveling.91.at a speed/rate of 12 million per year 或 at an annual speed of 12 million 07.6 87.take people's sleep quality/quality of sleep into account/consideration 88.a field in which we can work together / a field in which we can cooperate 89.decided to quit the match 90.contact us at the following address 91.at your convenience/if it is convenient for you 07.12 87.Thanks to/ because of a series of new inventions 88.I have been more likely to get tired than before/ I get tired more easily than before 89.no matter at what expense(cost)/ no matter what I have to sacrifice(pay)/ would have to sacrifice(pay)90.the former/ shopping online is more convenient and efficient(time-saving)(can save more time)91.is measured in terms of how much they can borrow 08.6 87.can be applied to the development of the new technology.88.must be wrong 89.whatever job it is/ no matter what job it is 90.Compared with 6 the place where I grew up 91.Not until he had finished the mission 六級(jí) 大綱樣題 72.we sign the contract before the end of the month 73.adapted(herself)to campus life a month after entering college 74.of failure to fulfill its promise to reduce the unemployment rate 75.it very important to comply with/follow the safety regulations 76.had he tried to use the machine than it stopped working 06.12 72.followed my advice/suggestion, you would not have been/put yourself in trouble 73.watched her injured son being sent into the surgery/operation room.74.were(have been)suggested/advised not to travel to that country at the moment.75.via/with/through email instead of / rather than telephone 76.Not until the deadline did he send out 07.6 82.competing with overseas/ foreign companies for market share 83.does he feel secure and relaxed 84.be deprived of the right to receive education/ be denied the right to receive education 85.let alone / not to mention the large amount of money we have spent 86.have received considerable public attention/concern in recent decades 07.12 82.our communication would not have been so efficient and convenient.83.nothing is more helpful than humor/ a sense of humor 84.(he)refused to make further explanation/ to further explain why 85.while animal behavior depends mainly upon(或 on)their instinct(s)86.should he lie to the court / 7 is he allowed to lie to the court 08.6 82.who dedicate/ devote/ contribute their whole life to poems 83.otherwise, she would have replied to me last week 84.have finished the chemistry experiment 85.have the old couple quarreled with each other 86.To a great extent ,the future prosperity of a country depends on
第四篇：英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試翻譯技巧
英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試翻譯技巧綜述
現(xiàn)代翻譯理論認(rèn)為，句子是最重要的翻譯單位。大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試中的翻譯題型也是以句子翻譯為主?？忌绻軌蚴炀氄莆站渥臃g的基本方法，那么對(duì)于處理四級(jí)考試中的句子翻譯題必將是如虎添翼。
考題分析：
分值：5%
時(shí)間：5 mintues
題型：漢譯英，根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示補(bǔ)譯五個(gè)不完整的英文句子，要求翻譯的英文句意正確，表達(dá)
清楚?？碱}相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)不難，原因有三：
其一，考題只考查漢譯英，沒(méi)有英譯漢。大學(xué)英語(yǔ)精讀教材中，每課都有漢譯英譯句練習(xí)，應(yīng)該是學(xué)生非常熟悉的題型;
其二，內(nèi)容單純，不需要專(zhuān)業(yè)理論知識(shí)。題目?jī)?nèi)容既沒(méi)有高難度的新聞翻譯、文學(xué)翻譯，也不涉及科技經(jīng)貿(mào)翻譯中的專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)，只是一般的短句翻譯，沒(méi)有大主題語(yǔ)境，也談不上翻譯的“信、達(dá)、雅”標(biāo)準(zhǔn)； 第三，名為翻譯，實(shí)為補(bǔ)全句子，考查語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞組運(yùn)用知識(shí)。每句只涉及15個(gè)左右的英語(yǔ)詞，需添入的部分也只有3到8個(gè)單詞，其中隱含著四級(jí)水平考生應(yīng)當(dāng)掌握的句型、語(yǔ)法、詞組知識(shí)點(diǎn)。解題步驟：
1.認(rèn)真審題，正確理解題意。
審題時(shí)，一定要注意一些涉及比較或是副詞的表達(dá)，以免翻譯時(shí)有所遺漏。
2.下筆翻譯以前要先思考該題的語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)：
要不要使用詞組或句式，有沒(méi)有固定搭配，是否包含從句，動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用什么時(shí)態(tài).根據(jù)以往考題總結(jié)，翻譯部分考察的語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)只要有：定語(yǔ)從句，狀語(yǔ)從句，倒裝句，強(qiáng)調(diào)句，虛擬語(yǔ)氣，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，句子的時(shí)態(tài)與主謂一致問(wèn)題。
3.答題時(shí)若遇到不會(huì)的單詞或表達(dá)式，要學(xué)會(huì)根據(jù)題意，靈活處理，只要譯文的意思與題目的要求相一致就可以。
4.最后要檢查一遍譯文，重點(diǎn)檢查主謂是否一致，代詞與介詞的使用是否正確，動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)使用是否正確，名次單復(fù)數(shù)是否正確
我們可以根據(jù)以下五個(gè)樣題例句內(nèi)容來(lái)推測(cè)可能考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)：
1.The substance does not dissolve in water _______________(不管是否加熱)。
本句意為：不管是否加熱，這種物質(zhì)都不會(huì)溶解于水。
前半句所給的信息并不重要，考生憑四級(jí)詞匯知識(shí)可以理解substance(物質(zhì))和dissolve(溶解)兩個(gè)單詞的意義?？紤]提示部分的漢語(yǔ)，“不管…是否…”即“whether… or …”，很容易找到這個(gè)對(duì)應(yīng)結(jié)構(gòu)。關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)在于對(duì)“加熱”的理解，是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)處理，從上下文意義推斷出是water被加熱，所以我們采用被動(dòng)方式，即whether(it is)heated or not，填入部分作讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，it is可以被省略。
考查重點(diǎn)：
從句知識(shí)：尤其讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，注意復(fù)習(xí)whether… or…, though, no matter how等表達(dá)的用法。分詞用法：注意辨別現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞，同時(shí)考慮動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的運(yùn)用。
2.Not only ___________________(他向我收費(fèi)過(guò)高)，but he didn’t do a good repair job either.本句意為：他不但向我收費(fèi)過(guò)高，而且東西修理得不怎么樣。
本句中要考慮兩個(gè)層面，首先是動(dòng)詞“收費(fèi)”的對(duì)應(yīng)詞，應(yīng)當(dāng)是“charge”?！斑^(guò)高”則往往使用too high或too much, 由于主體內(nèi)容是金錢(qián)而不是溫度，我們用經(jīng)常搭配的“much”。更加巧妙的用詞是“overcharge”，恰好可以把意思?xì)w并到一起。還要考慮的是本句中“not only…but…”結(jié)構(gòu)中出現(xiàn)了否定詞前置到句首的現(xiàn)象，自然是倒裝句的標(biāo)志。結(jié)合后半句的一般過(guò)去時(shí)形式，我們不得不把助動(dòng)詞did提煉出來(lái)，按照倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)翻譯成“Not only did he charge me too much”或者“Not only did he overcharge me”。
考查重點(diǎn)：
倒裝句結(jié)構(gòu)中的否定詞前置現(xiàn)象。
類(lèi)似的知識(shí)點(diǎn)還要注意Never/Neither/Hardly/Scarcely等否定詞在句首的倒裝情況。
3.Your losses in trade this year are nothing ______________________(與我的相比)。
本句意為“你在生意中的損失與我的相比不值一題?！?/p>
翻譯時(shí)有兩個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)容易出錯(cuò)，首先，“與…相比”考查詞組知識(shí)，四級(jí)程度同學(xué)應(yīng)當(dāng)掌握“compared with”或者“in comparison with”, 但常有考生把 “compare with”與“compare to”(把…比做)混淆，或者沒(méi)有考慮過(guò)去分詞形式。此外，“我的”應(yīng)當(dāng)使用物主代詞所有格“mine”，此處不宜寫(xiě)成“my losses”?？疾橹攸c(diǎn)：
詞組知識(shí)：需要考生把握大批類(lèi)似compare with以及名詞形式in comparison with的詞組或短語(yǔ)，其中固定搭配需要使用的介詞/副詞非常重要。
分詞形式：在句子中做修飾成分與前者構(gòu)成主動(dòng)被動(dòng)關(guān)系至關(guān)重要。
4.On average, it is said, visitors spend only _____________________(一半的錢(qián))in a day in Leeds as in London.本句意為：據(jù)說(shuō)，游客平均一天在利茲花掉的錢(qián)只有在倫敦的一半那么多。
顯然本句在拿as…as…結(jié)構(gòu)做文章。因?yàn)槭潜容^關(guān)系，把在Leeds和在London的費(fèi)用做比較，所以后半句有明確的“as”一詞。空缺部分是要有 “as”,還要有 “half”和“money”。關(guān)鍵是次序如何調(diào)理。根據(jù)比較結(jié)構(gòu)中的倍數(shù)原則，倍數(shù)數(shù)字放在最開(kāi)始，接下去有關(guān)于量的as much+n.+as, 因此本句要填入 “half as much money”。
考查重點(diǎn)：
比較結(jié)構(gòu)：本句考查同級(jí)比較中的倍數(shù)關(guān)系，類(lèi)似表達(dá)還有twice as much(many)as…
5.By contrast, American mothers were more likely__________________(把孩子的成功歸因于)natural talent.本句意為：相比較，美國(guó)的母親們更可能把孩子的成功歸因于天賦。
本句再次在詞組方面進(jìn)行考查，“把…歸因于…”是大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考查率極高的一個(gè)語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)，有時(shí)表達(dá)因果關(guān)系最復(fù)雜的動(dòng)詞詞組。應(yīng)當(dāng)熟練把握 “attribute…to…”的拼寫(xiě)和用法。此外，不要忽略另外一個(gè)詞的用法,“be likely to …”表示“容易”、“可能”等意義，稍不小心就會(huì)把to漏掉。總之，需要填入的部分拼貼在一起就是“to attribute their children’s success to”。
考查重點(diǎn)：
動(dòng)詞詞組，表示因果關(guān)系的attribute… to…。
需要熟練掌握用法的還有l(wèi)ead to, result in, result from, be to blame for, be responsible for。
另外，還要學(xué)會(huì)使用拼寫(xiě)類(lèi)似的詞組contribute to，表示“有助于，對(duì)…做出貢獻(xiàn)”。
如果仔細(xì)研究以上樣題的考點(diǎn)，不難發(fā)現(xiàn)新四級(jí)在放棄專(zhuān)門(mén)的詞匯語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)題型后，把相關(guān)知識(shí)點(diǎn)設(shè)置到了其它的幾種題型中，那么我們辛辛苦苦準(zhǔn)備的倒裝句、虛擬語(yǔ)氣、分詞、從句、詞組仍然有用武之地，所以準(zhǔn)備新四級(jí)千萬(wàn)不要與以往的知識(shí)割裂。所謂的“萬(wàn)變不離其宗”，如果我們熟練掌握四級(jí)大綱規(guī)定的詞匯、詞組、語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，并且活學(xué)活用，就不會(huì)被千變?nèi)f化的題型嚇倒。
常用的句子翻譯方法：正反、反正表達(dá)法，分句、合句法。
由于民族文化和思維方式不同，英漢兩種語(yǔ)言在表達(dá)同一概念時(shí)所采用的方式就有所不同。在表達(dá)否定概念時(shí)，英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)使用的詞匯、語(yǔ)法、語(yǔ)言邏輯就有很大的差異。漢語(yǔ)中有些詞、短語(yǔ)或者句子是從反面表達(dá)的，而譯成英語(yǔ)時(shí)則需要從正面進(jìn)行表達(dá)，如例
1、例
2、例3。反之，漢語(yǔ)中有些從正面表達(dá)的詞、短語(yǔ)或者句子，譯成英語(yǔ)時(shí)需要從反面進(jìn)行表達(dá)，如例
4、例
5、例6。此外，漢語(yǔ)還有一些特殊的句子結(jié)構(gòu)，如雙重否定(例7)、否定轉(zhuǎn)移(例8)在譯成英語(yǔ)時(shí)也需要引起我們的注意。
I.漢語(yǔ)從反面表達(dá)，譯文從正面表達(dá)
例1：他提出的論據(jù)相當(dāng)不充實(shí)。
譯文：The argument he put forward is pretty thin.例2：我們確信，年輕一代將不會(huì)辜負(fù)我們的信任。
譯文：We are confident that the younger generation will prove worthy of our trust.例3：他七十歲了，可是并不顯老。
譯文：He was 70, but he carried his years lightly.II.漢語(yǔ)從正面表達(dá)，譯文從反面表達(dá)
例4：他這個(gè)人優(yōu)柔寡斷，而且總是反復(fù)無(wú)常。
譯文：He was an indecisive sort of person and always capricious.例5：調(diào)查結(jié)果清清楚楚地顯示病人死于心臟病。
譯文：The investigation left no doubt that the patient had died of heart disease.例6：這類(lèi)舉動(dòng)遲早會(huì)被人發(fā)覺(jué)的。
譯文：Such actions couldn’t long escape notice.III.特殊的否定句式
例7：有利必有弊。
譯文：There is not any advantage without disadvantage.例8：我們?cè)谀莻€(gè)城市從未因?yàn)槭仟q太人而遭受歧視。
譯文：In that city, we had never suffered discrimination because we were Jews.很多情況下，翻譯句子的時(shí)候，需要調(diào)整原來(lái)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)，分句法和合句法是調(diào)整原文句子的兩種重要的方法。所謂分句法就是把原文的一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句譯為兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的句子。所謂合句法就是把原文兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句或一個(gè)復(fù)合句譯成一個(gè)單句。
I.分句法
漢譯英時(shí)，需要分譯的句子多數(shù)是長(zhǎng)句，或者是結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的復(fù)句。這種句子如果譯成一個(gè)長(zhǎng)句，就會(huì)使譯文冗長(zhǎng)、累贅、意思表達(dá)不清楚，也不符合英文習(xí)慣。如果采用分譯，則會(huì)使譯文簡(jiǎn)潔、易懂、層次分明。如以下五個(gè)例子：
例1.少年是一去不復(fù)返的，等到精力衰竭時(shí)，要做學(xué)問(wèn)也來(lái)不及了。(按內(nèi)容層次分譯)
譯文： Youth will soon be gone，never to return.And it will be too late for you to go into scholarship when in your declining years.例2.她隔窗望去，突然發(fā)現(xiàn)有只小船停泊在河邊，船里有位船夫睡得正香。(從主語(yǔ)變換處分譯)
譯文： Looking through the window, she suddenly spotted a boat moored to the bank.In it there was a boatman fast asleep.II.合句法
英漢兩種語(yǔ)言的句子結(jié)構(gòu)不完全相同，盡管英語(yǔ)句子日趨簡(jiǎn)潔，但是從句套從句，短語(yǔ)含短語(yǔ)的句型也是頻頻出現(xiàn)。一般而言，一個(gè)英語(yǔ)句子的信息包含量要大于一個(gè)漢語(yǔ)句子，因此，我們?cè)谧鰸h譯英的時(shí)候，常常把漢語(yǔ)的兩個(gè)句子，甚至更多句子，合譯成英語(yǔ)的一句。使用合句法還可以使譯文緊湊、簡(jiǎn)練。如以下三個(gè)例子： 例：一代人與一代人之間的沖突，也就是年輕人與老年人的沖突，似乎是最可笑的。因?yàn)檫@就是現(xiàn)在的自己與將來(lái)的自己，或者說(shuō)過(guò)去的自己與現(xiàn)在的自己的沖突。(在關(guān)聯(lián)詞處合譯)
譯文：A conflict between the generations between youth and age seems the most stupid, for it is one between oneself as one is and oneself as one will be, or between oneself as one was and oneself as one is.
第五篇：英語(yǔ)四級(jí)翻譯
一、歷史文化
四大文明古國(guó)：中國(guó)位于亞洲東部，是世界上人口最多的國(guó)家。中國(guó)是世界四大文明古國(guó)之一，擁有大量的中華文化光輝的古跡，此外，中國(guó)地大物博，擁有茂密的森林、雄偉壯麗的瀑布、秀麗的湖泊以及如利劍直插云霄的山峰，所有這些都令世界各國(guó)人民神往。但是，更重要的是，中國(guó)以擁有五千多年的歷史而自豪，遺留下無(wú)數(shù)的歷史文物，其中包括珍貴珠寶、古跡名勝、宮殿及數(shù)不盡的雄偉建筑，令人驚嘆不已。這種種原因都促使中國(guó)成為許多人夢(mèng)寐以求的旅游勝地。
China lies in the east of Asia and it has the largest population in the world.China is also one of the four countries in the world that have an ancient civilization, Besides ,it has a vast territory with such abundant natural resources as dense forests, magnificent waterfalls, majestic and beautiful rivers and lakes, and mountains whose peaks reach high into the sky like swords.All these make China a singularly attractive place to tourists around the world.But, most importantly, China boasts a history of over five thousand years with innumerable historical relics left over from the long past, such as priceless pearls and jewels, historic sites and scenic spots, palaces and edifices of architectural richness, all of which have won people’s admiration.You are sure to find great enjoyment from all these attractions in China, a much-admired dream land.中華傳統(tǒng)文化：中華民族的傳統(tǒng)文化博大精深，源遠(yuǎn)流長(zhǎng)。早在2000多年前，就產(chǎn)生了以孔孟為代表的儒家學(xué)說(shuō)和以老莊為代表的道家學(xué)說(shuō)，以及其他許多也在中國(guó)思想史上有地位的學(xué)說(shuō)流派，這就是有名的“諸子百家”。從孔夫子到孫中山，中華民族傳統(tǒng)文化有它的許多珍貴品質(zhì)，許多人民性和民主性的好東西。比如，強(qiáng)調(diào)仁愛(ài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)群體，強(qiáng)調(diào)和而不同，強(qiáng)調(diào)天下為公。特別是“天下興亡，匹夫有責(zé)”的愛(ài)國(guó)情找，“民為邦本”，“民貴君輕”的民本思想，“己所不欲勿施于人”的待人之道，吃苦耐勞，勤儉持家，尊師重教的傳統(tǒng)美德，世代相傳。所有這些，對(duì)家庭，國(guó)家和社會(huì)起到了巨大的維系與調(diào)節(jié)作用。
The traditional Chinese culture, both extensive and profound, starts far back and runs a long,long course.More than 2,000 years ago, there emerged in China Confucianism represented by Confucius and Mencius, Taoism represented by Lao Zi and ZhuangZi, and many other theories and doctrines that figured prominently in the history of Chinese thought, all being covered by the famous term” the masters’hundred schools.” The traditional Chinese culture presents many precious idea sand qualities, which are essentially populist and democratic.For example, they lay stress on the importance of kindness and love in human relations, on the interest of the community, on seeking harmony without uniformity and on the idea that the world is for all.Especially, patriotism as embodied in the saying ”Everybody is responsible for the rise or fall of the country”;the populist ideas that “people are the foundation of the country” and that “people are the more important than the monarch”;the code of conduct of “Treat othersas you want to be treated”.And the traditional virtues taught from generation to generation: endurance and hard working diligence and frugality in household management ,and respecting teachers and valuing education.All of which have played a great role in binding and regulating the family, the country and the society.漢語(yǔ)：從某種意義上說(shuō)，漢語(yǔ)是一種很古老的語(yǔ)言，其最早的漢字已有近四千年的歷史了。漢字在其漫長(zhǎng)的發(fā)展史中演化成許多不同的書(shū)寫(xiě)形式，例如篆書(shū)、隸書(shū)、楷書(shū)和行書(shū)。中國(guó)書(shū)法家往往使?jié)h字的字形夸張以取得藝術(shù)效果，例如旅游勝地的一些石刻碑文。中國(guó)書(shū)法是一門(mén)研究藝術(shù)，隨著各位學(xué)習(xí)興趣的提高，我們將適時(shí)介紹中國(guó)書(shū)法的流派，以及如何欣賞中國(guó)書(shū)法的藝術(shù)性。
In a sense ,Chinese is a very old language, and its earliest characters date back nearly four thousand years ago.During their long history of development, Chinese characters have evolved into many different script forms, such as the Sealscript, Clerical script, Regular script and Running script.Chinese calligraphers usually render their Chinese characters in ways that exaggerate the form to yield artistic beauty, such as those in stone inscriptions seen in tourist resorts.Chinese calligraphy is a subject of artistic study.As your interest in Chinese character system increases in the days to come, we will introduce in due time the different schools of Chinese calligraphy, and how to appreciate the artistic beauty of Chinese calligraphy.孔子：孔子(ConfUcius)是一位思想家、政治家，教育家，也是中國(guó)儒學(xué)(the Ru School)思想的創(chuàng)始人。儒學(xué)(Confucianism)，這個(gè)道德和宗教哲學(xué)的大系統(tǒng)建立在孔圣人(Master Kung)的教學(xué)上。馮友蘭，中國(guó)思想史上20世紀(jì)偉大的的權(quán)威之一，把孔子在中國(guó)歷史上的影響比作西方的蘇格拉底。Confucius was a thinker, political figure, educator, and founder of the Ru School of Chinese thought.Confucianism, the great system of moral and religious philosophy built upon the teachings of Master Kung.Fung You-lan, one of the great 20th century authorities on the history of Chinese thought, compares Confucius9 influence in Chinese history with that of Socrates in the West.紅樓夢(mèng)：《紅樓夢(mèng)》問(wèn)世二百年以來(lái),通過(guò)漢文原文和各種譯文讀過(guò)此書(shū)的人,不知有多少億!這么多的讀者哪一個(gè)是先看批評(píng)家的文章,然而再讓批評(píng)家牽著鼻子走,按圖索驥地去讀原作呢?我看是絕無(wú)僅有的。一切文學(xué)作品,特別是象《紅樓夢(mèng)》這樣偉大的作品,內(nèi)容異常地豐富,涉及到的社會(huì)層面異常地多,簡(jiǎn)直象是一個(gè)寶山，一座迷宮。而讀者群就更加復(fù)雜，他們來(lái)讀《紅樓夢(mèng)》，會(huì)各就自己的特點(diǎn)，欣賞該書(shū)中的某一個(gè)方面，受到鼓舞，受到啟發(fā)，引起了喜愛(ài);也可能受到打擊，引起了憎惡?？傊乔Р钊f(wàn)別。
Ever since the publication of A Dream of Red Mansions some 200 years ago, hundreds of millions of people have read its Chinese original or its translations in various languages.Of these innumerable people, how many have read the novel by starting with a perusal of the critics' articles and allowing themselves to be led by the nose by the critics as to how to read the novel? Next to none.All literary works, especially a monumental one like A Dream of Red Mansions, are extremely rich in content and involve perse social strata-to such an extent that they virtually resemble a mountain of treasure or a labyrinth.And the readers are even more complicated, differing from each other in family background.They will each appreciate a certain aspect of the novel according to their own inpiduality.They may feel inspired and enlightened, and hence love it, or they may feel hurt, and hence loathe it.In short, the reactions vary.二、傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日 春節(jié)：春節(jié)慶祝活動(dòng)是一年中最重要的慶?；顒?dòng)。中國(guó)人慶祝春節(jié)的方式可能略微不同，但其愿望幾乎是相同的，他們希望其家人和朋友來(lái)年健康和幸運(yùn)。春節(jié)慶?；顒?dòng)通常持續(xù)15天。慶?；顒?dòng)包括春節(jié)的年夜飯，放鞭炮，給兒童壓歲錢(qián)，春節(jié)鐘聲和春節(jié)問(wèn)候。大多數(shù)中國(guó)人將在春節(jié)的第7天停止慶?；顒?dòng)，因?yàn)槿珖?guó)性節(jié)假通常在這一天結(jié)束，但在公共場(chǎng)所的慶祝活動(dòng)可能最終持續(xù)到正月十五。Chinese New Year Celebration is the most important celebration of the year.Chinese people may celebrate the Chinese New Year in slightly different ways but their wishes are almost the same;they want their family members and friends to be healthy and lucky during next year.Chinese New Year Celebration usually lasts for 15 days.Celebratory activities include Chinese New Feast, firecrackers, giving lucky money to children, the New Year bell ringing and Chinese New Year Greetings.Most of Chinese people will stop the celebrating in their home on the 7th day of New Year because the national holiday usually ends around that day, however celebrations in public areas can last until the 15th day of New Year.清明節(jié)：清明節(jié)的習(xí)俗是豐富有趣的，除了講究禁火、掃墓，還有踏青、蕩秋千、蹴鞠、打馬球、插柳等一系列風(fēng)俗體育活動(dòng)。相傳這是因?yàn)榍迕鞴?jié)要寒食禁火，為了防止寒食冷藏傷身，所以大家來(lái)參加一些體育活動(dòng)，以鍛煉身體。因此，這個(gè)節(jié)日既有祭掃新墳生別死離得悲酸淚，又有踏青游玩的歡笑聲，是一個(gè)富有特色的節(jié)日。
Ching MingFestival(the Tomb-sweeping Festival), the custom is full of interesting.In addition to pay attention to ban fire, tomb-sweeping, as well as spring outing, swinging, Cuju, playing polo, Liu inserted a series of custom sports.According to legend, this is because the Ching Ming Festival to Cold Food Observance ban fire, in order to prevent the Cold Food Observance buffet beverages, so we come to participate in some sports, in order to exercise.Therefore, this festival which has both the acid tears of sorrow for the died and the laughter from the players, is adistinctive holiday.元宵節(jié)：與大多數(shù)中國(guó)節(jié)日一樣，元宵節(jié)同樣有自己的特色小吃，成為“湯圓”(也叫“元宵”)。湯圓外形圓圓的，外皮由糯米制成，內(nèi)陷或甜或辣。人們都說(shuō)湯圓有兩個(gè)象征之意，一為農(nóng)歷的第一個(gè)月圓，二為家庭團(tuán)聚圓滿(mǎn)。元宵節(jié)傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗中還有一部分是關(guān)于猜燈謎的游戲。在過(guò)去，這些謎語(yǔ)大多出自于模糊的文學(xué)典故和中國(guó)古典文學(xué)之中，所以猜燈謎以前多為知識(shí)份子的“領(lǐng)地”。踩高蹺，敲大鼓和舞龍獅也是元宵節(jié)主要的娛樂(lè)活動(dòng)。
Like most Chinese festivals, the Lantern Festival has its own special food, called “tangyuan”.These are round, glutinous rice dumplings with sweet or spicy fillings.The dumplings are said to symbolize both the first full moon and family utility and completeness.Part of the lantern festival tradition involves a game to guess riddles attached to the lanterns.In the old days the riddles were obscure literary allusions to the Chinese classics and so were mainly the preserve of the educated classes.Stilt-walking ,drumming and dragon and lion dancing are the main entertainment forms of the Lantern Festival.端午節(jié)：端午節(jié)，又叫龍舟節(jié)，是為了紀(jì)念?lèi)?ài)國(guó)詩(shī)人屈原。屈原是一位忠誠(chéng)和受人敬仰的大臣（minister）,他給國(guó)家?guī)?lái)了和平和繁榮。但最后因?yàn)槭艿秸u謗（vilify）而最終投河自盡。人們撐船到他自盡的地方，拋下粽子，希望魚(yú)兒吃粽子，不要吃屈原的身軀。幾千年來(lái)，端午節(jié)的特色在于吃粽子（glutinous dumplings）和賽龍舟，尤其是在一些河湖密布的南方省份。The Duan WuFestival, also called the Dragon Boat Festival, is to commemorate the patrioticpoet Qu Yuan.Qu Yuan was a loyal and highly esteemed minister, who brought peace and prosperity to the state but ended up drowning himself in a river as are sult of being vilified.People got to the spot by boat and cast glutinous dumplings into the water, hoping that the fishes ate the dumplings instead of QuYuan’s body.For thousands of years, the festival has been marked by glutinous dumplings and dragon boat races, especially in the southern provinces where there are many rivers and lakes.中秋節(jié)：農(nóng)歷八月十五日是中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日——中秋節(jié)。在這天，每個(gè)家庭都團(tuán)聚在一起，一家人共同觀(guān)賞象征豐裕、和諧和好運(yùn)的圓月。此時(shí)，大人們盡情吃著美味的月餅，品著熱騰騰的香茗，而孩子們則在一旁拉著明亮的兔子燈盡情玩耍。月宮里美麗的仙女嫦娥的神話(huà)故事賦予了這個(gè)節(jié)日神話(huà)色彩。傳說(shuō)古時(shí)候，天空曾有10個(gè)太陽(yáng)圍著地球旋轉(zhuǎn)。后翌射下了其中9個(gè)太陽(yáng)，拯救了地球上的生靈。他偷了長(zhǎng)生不老藥，卻被妻子嫦娥偷偷喝下，從而產(chǎn)生了嫦娥奔月的故事。
The Mid-Autumn Festival falls on the 15th day of the 8th month of the lunar month.It is atime for family members to congregate and enjoy the full moon, which is a symbol of abundance, harmony and luck.Adults usually indulge in fragrant mooncakes of various kinds with a good cup of hot Chinese tea, while the children run around with their brightly-lit rabbit lanterns.The festival wasendowed a mythological flavour with legends of Chang-E, the beautiful lady inthe moon.According to Chinese mythology, the earth once had 10 suns circling over it.Hou Yi, shot down 9 of the suns to save all the lives on carth.Hestole the elixir of life, which can make people immortal.However, his wife ,Chang-E drank it.Thus the legend of Chang-E flying into the moon came int obeing.三、傳統(tǒng)事物
筷子：中國(guó)人使用筷子已經(jīng)有3 000多年的歷史了。中國(guó)的筷子夾菜的一端是圓的，象征著天；另一端是方的，象征著地。這是因?yàn)?，維持充足的食物供應(yīng)是天地之間最重要的事情。中國(guó)有個(gè)古老的風(fēng)俗，女子出嫁時(shí)要用筷子當(dāng)嫁妝，因?yàn)椤翱曜印迸c“快子”諧音。根據(jù)中國(guó)的餐桌禮儀，吃飯時(shí)一直握著筷子是不禮貌的。將菜送入口中后，應(yīng)立刻把筷子放下。吃飯時(shí)，用筷子指著別人會(huì)對(duì)其造成冒犯。
There has been a history of more than 3 000 years for the Chinese to have meals with chopsticks.Chinese chopsticks are round on the eating end which symbolizes the heaven, and the other end is square which symbolizes the earth.It is because maintaining an adequate food supply is the greatest concern between the heaven and the earth.There is an old custom in the past in China, that chopsticks should be apart of a girl’s dowry.Kuaizi(chopsticks)is pronounced the same as “kuaizi”.The latter symbolized “quick” and “son”.According to the Chinese traditional table manners, it is impolite to hold the chopsticks all the time over the meal.As soon as one person sends a bite into his mouth, he should putdown the chopsticks.It would offend others to point at them with chopsticks over the meal.文房四寶：在中國(guó)，筆、墨、紙、硯（ink slab），就是人們所說(shuō)的“文房四寶”，在中華文明的傳承中起了重要作用。文房四寶不僅有實(shí)用價(jià)值，它們本身也是供人觀(guān)賞的藝術(shù)品，并逐步成為收藏品。文房四寶品類(lèi)繁多，豐富多彩，選材制作不斷趨于完善、精美，歷代都有名品、名匠產(chǎn)生，成為一種深厚的文化積淀。在當(dāng)今時(shí)代，使用筆、墨、紙、硯進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)、寫(xiě)作的人越來(lái)越少了，但是，在中國(guó)的書(shū)法、繪畫(huà)、收藏以及修身養(yǎng)性活動(dòng)中，它們?nèi)云鹬豢商娲淖饔谩?/p>
In China, “four treasures of the study” refers to “writing brush”, “ink stick”, “paper” and“ink slab”, playing an important role in passing on Chinese civilization.They not only have their value of practical use, but also become the works of art for appreciation and collection.There is a large variety of these four treasures.Selecting of materials and making process have become increasingly delicate and perfect.Each dynasty of Chinese history saw famous craftsmen appear and works produced, which is a profound process of cultural accumulation In contemporary times, “four treasures of the study” have been increasingly rarely used for study or writhing, but they are still playing anir replaceable role in the field of Chinese calligraphy, painting, collection and in the activities of cultivating one's mind.中國(guó)結(jié)：中國(guó)結(jié)（The Chinese Knot）是一種古老的藝術(shù)形式。人們發(fā)現(xiàn)，繩結(jié)可以追朔到10萬(wàn)年前。中國(guó)人不僅用繩結(jié)來(lái)固定、包裹、狩獵、捕魚(yú)，還用來(lái)記錄事件，而且有些繩結(jié)純粹起裝飾作用。中國(guó)結(jié)具有文化內(nèi)涵（cultural connotation）。由于結(jié)在漢語(yǔ)中的發(fā)音與“吉”相近。吉的意思是“福、祿、壽、喜、財(cái)、安、康”，這是中國(guó)人永恒的追求，因此有些中國(guó)結(jié)表達(dá)出人們的各種愿望。例如：新婚夫婦的房間通常用一個(gè)盤(pán)長(zhǎng)結(jié)（Pan-chang Knot）來(lái)裝飾，象征著永恒的愛(ài)情。The Chinese Knot is an ancient art form and artifacts could be found as far back as 100 000years ago.Chinese people used knots for more than justfastening , wraping, hunting, fishing.Knots were also to record events ,and someknots had purely ornamentak functions.The Chinese Knot has cultural connotations.Since knot is pronounce d as“jie” in Chinese similar with that of “ji”,which means blessing,goodsalary,longevity,happpiness,fortune,safety and health and is the everl astingpursuit of Chinese people ,some Chinese Knots espress people's various hopes.Forexample ,the room of newlyweds is usually decorated with a Pan-Chang Knot to symbolizeeternal love.八大菜系：中國(guó)一個(gè)幅員遼闊、資源豐富、歷史悠久的多民族國(guó)家，每個(gè)民族都有其獨(dú)特的豐富菜肴。地域菜系在地理環(huán)境、氣候、文化傳統(tǒng)、民族風(fēng)俗和其他因素的影響下經(jīng)過(guò)悠久歷史的發(fā)展已經(jīng)成形。最有影響力、最具代表性的是魯、川、粵、閩、蘇、浙、湘、徽菜系，這八種被人們稱(chēng)為“八大菜系”。中國(guó)的“八大菜系”是以多種多樣的烹飪方法區(qū)分的，各有其長(zhǎng)處。
China is atime-honored multi-ethnics nation with a vast territory and abundant resources,and every ethnic group has its unique abundant dishes.Regional cuisines havetaken shape after long-history evolution under the influence of geographicalenvironment, climate, cultural tradition, folk customs and other factors.Themost influential and representative ones are Lu, Chuan，Yue, Min, Su，Zhe, Xiang and HuiCuisines, which are commonly known as “Eight Major Cuisines”.Dishes in the“Eight Major Cuisines” in China are characterized by persified cooking skills,with each having its strong points.四、傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)
京?。壕﹦”环顬橹袊?guó)的國(guó)粹，來(lái)源于18世紀(jì)晚期的安徽和湖北的當(dāng)?shù)貏》N。京劇是中國(guó)所有劇種中最有影響力和代表性的，在中國(guó)乃至世界享有聲譽(yù)。京劇完美融合了多種藝術(shù)形式。京劇集傳統(tǒng)音樂(lè)、舞蹈、詩(shī)歌、雜耍、武術(shù)于一身，以華麗的戲服、逼真的臉譜和程式化的演出套路而聞名。京劇臉譜上每一種圖形和亮麗的顏色都有象征意義：紅色表示忠誠(chéng)，藍(lán)色表示殘暴，黑色表示正直。Known as China’s national opera, Peking Opera originated in the late 18th century from the basis of some local operas in Anhui and Hubei Provinces.Peking Opera is the mostinfluential and representative of all operas in China.It has won great popularity not only in China but also throughout the world.Peking Opera is aharmonious combination of many art forms.It is a synthesis of traditional music, dancing, poetry, acrobatics and martial arts.It is famous for itsexquisite costumes, beautiful make-up or painted face, and established performing conventions and rules.Each of patterns and brilliant colors on the painted face has a symbolic meaning: red suggests loyalty;blue suggests cruelty;black suggests honesty.武術(shù)：武術(shù)在我國(guó)源遠(yuǎn)流長(zhǎng)，是中華民族傳統(tǒng)文化的瑰寶。我們知道，一個(gè)民族的優(yōu)秀文化遺產(chǎn)，不僅僅屬于一個(gè)民族，它會(huì)逐漸傳播到世界而成為人類(lèi)的共同財(cái)富。// 為了更好的推廣武術(shù)運(yùn)動(dòng)，使其與奧運(yùn)項(xiàng)目接軌，中國(guó)武協(xié)和國(guó)際武聯(lián)做了大量的艱苦卓絕的工作。現(xiàn)在武術(shù)運(yùn)動(dòng)已被列為一種具有與保齡球運(yùn)動(dòng)和國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)舞同等地位的奧運(yùn)表演項(xiàng)目。//武術(shù)的蓬勃發(fā)展，除得益于其項(xiàng)目本身的吸引力之外，早期移居海外的一代武術(shù)大師功不可沒(méi)。//老一代武術(shù)家在海外播種下了武術(shù)的種子，使武術(shù)這門(mén)既可以自衛(wèi)又可以健身的運(yùn)動(dòng)很快就在新的土地上扎下了根。今天高超的武術(shù)大師已遍布世界各地，武術(shù)愛(ài)好者也與日俱增。
Wushu, or Chinese martial art, can be traced back to ancient times.It is a gem of Chinese traditional culture.As well know, the fine culture of a nation does not belong to the nation alone and it will be spread to the rest of the world and shared by all humanity.// The Chinese Wushu Association and International Wushu Federation(IWUF)have been working very hard to popularize wushu and make the Chinese martial art closer to the Olympic Movement.Wushu was accepted to join bowling and international standard dance as an Olympic demonstration event.//The booming of wushu is attributed not only to the attractiveness of the sport but also to emigrant Chinese wushu masters over the years.// Martial artists of the older generation shave sown wushu seeds in foreign countries.Wushu, which can be used as self defense and can keep practitioners fit and strong, soon became popular on new lands.Today superb wushu masters are active all over the world, and amateurs are on the increase with each passing day.獅舞：獅舞（Lion Dance）是中國(guó)最廣為流傳的民間舞蹈之一。獅為百獸之首，在中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)中，獅子被視為是能帶來(lái)好運(yùn)的吉祥物（mascot）。古人將獅子視作是勇敢和力量的化身，能驅(qū)趕邪惡、保護(hù)人類(lèi)。據(jù)記載，獅舞已擁有了2,000多年的歷史。在唐代（the Tang Dynasty），獅舞就已經(jīng)被引入了皇室。因此，舞獅成為元宵節(jié)（the Lantern Festival）和其他節(jié)日的習(xí)俗，人們以此來(lái)祈禱好運(yùn)、平安和幸福。
The Lion Dance is one of the most widespread folk dances in China.The lion is the king of animals.In Chinese tradition, the lion is regarded as a mascot, which can bring good luck.Ancient people regarded the lion as a symbol of braveness and strength, which could drive away evil and protect humans.The dance has are corded history of more than 2,000 years.During the Tang Dynasty, the Lion Dance was already introduced into the royal family of the dynasty.Therefore ,performing the lion dance at the Lantern Festival and other festive occasions became a custom where people could pray for good luck, safety and happiness.四六級(jí)考試的作文題目無(wú)非就是兩類(lèi)： 第一．和自己發(fā)展有關(guān)的個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)成功話(huà)題； 第二．和社會(huì)現(xiàn)象相關(guān)的學(xué)校社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)話(huà)題； 而四六級(jí)的寫(xiě)作結(jié)構(gòu)很固定： 第一段：引出話(huà)題（對(duì)于圖畫(huà)描述）第二段：闡釋話(huà)題 第三段：總結(jié)話(huà)題
第一類(lèi)話(huà)題需要大家說(shuō)自己的認(rèn)識(shí)，其實(shí)就是喊出一些無(wú)用的口號(hào)，并且的變了方的把這些口號(hào)喊的比較復(fù)雜，人在成長(zhǎng)成功過(guò)程中的品質(zhì)通常包括了：某種品質(zhì)對(duì)成功很重要: 可能出現(xiàn)的主題詞：
順境與逆境(Favorable Circumstances and adverse Circumstances)勤奮（diligence;painstaking work）謹(jǐn)慎和堅(jiān)毅（prudence and determination）熱情和樂(lè)觀(guān)（, enthusiasm and optimism）
博學(xué)和求知（learnedness and seeking knowledge/pursuit of knowledge）絕望和堅(jiān)持（Frustration and perseverance）獨(dú)立性問(wèn)(independence)感恩(gratitude)創(chuàng)新(creation and innovation)鼓勵(lì)(encouragement)自滿(mǎn)和謙遜（self-satisfied and modest）合作（cooperation）等：注意替換主題詞就可以了.All in all, by cooperation among each other, we will be able to explore a wider world and reach further horizon.Furthermore, whatever difficulty or situation we are confronted with, those who have the spirit of cooperation and team work are nearer to success.Just as John Adams, the second U.S.president quoted from the ancient Greek Aesop’s Fables,“United we stand, divided we fall.”
自信：(confidence)
(可以把獨(dú)立換成考場(chǎng)上需要你寫(xiě)的主題詞，比如，the spirit of impendence等)
社會(huì)和學(xué)校話(huà)題：
對(duì)于學(xué)校社會(huì)話(huà)題同樣是喊出口號(hào)，分析利弊，不可能寫(xiě)出太多實(shí)質(zhì)的話(huà)題：
常見(jiàn)的話(huà)題：
1． 資源保護(hù)(Energy and Resource Saving)環(huán)境保護(hù)(Environmental protection)低碳環(huán)保（low-carbon life）旅游對(duì)環(huán)境的影響（2． 人口增長(zhǎng)(The growth of China’s population)3． 社會(huì)保障問(wèn)題(Social security fund)4． 假冒偽劣產(chǎn)品問(wèn)題(Counterfeits and unqualified products)食品安全(food safety)5． 消費(fèi)者權(quán)益保護(hù)問(wèn)題(The protection of consumers rights and interests)6． 社會(huì)誠(chéng)信的缺失（Honest is the best policy.It pays to be honest.）
It is not hard to notice that without honesty/credibility, hardly can individuals or organizations make money, take profits, let alone obtain wealth in the long term, especially in this fiercely competitive modern world, I argue.我認(rèn)為，不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，要是沒(méi)有誠(chéng)信在這樣一個(gè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈的現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中，從長(zhǎng)期來(lái)看個(gè)人和組織是很難賺到錢(qián)，賺到利潤(rùn)的，更不必說(shuō)獲得財(cái)富了。
7.知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)問(wèn)題（Intellectual Property protection.No plagiarizing）8． 微博和微信的強(qiáng)勢(shì)崛起（The rise of the WeiBo,Wechat）9． 傳統(tǒng)文化的傳播（traditional Chinese culture）
It is my view that national culture as priceless spiritual treasure should be preserved and cherished.Meanwhile, there are good reasons to advocate international culture.While global economic integration has fostered thorough cultural interchanges, it is multiculturalism that essentially makes the society and its people diverse, colorful, vigorous and open-minded.Nevertheless, certainly, when we are confronted with a different culture, we should be sensible enough to absorb its essence and to resist its dark side.Only in this way can we promote cultural development positively and make our world dimensional, colorful and vigorous.孝敬父母（caring parents）(filial piety)Only in a reasonable, prosperous and healthy atmosphere can we hope to witness the ideal scene in which our parents can enjoy their life to the uttermost.10． 提高學(xué)生的身體素質(zhì)（physical exercise build a strong body and relieve pressure and keep a pleasant mood）
11． 大學(xué)生的就業(yè)（sticking to our own choice of following our parent’s arrangement）
Only in a reasonable, prosperous and healthy atmosphere can we hope to witness the ideal scene in which our graduates can enjoy their careers to the uttermost.12． 大學(xué)城的建造（the construction of university town）
Only in a reasonable, prosperous and healthy atmosphere can we hope to witness the ideal scene in which our students can enjoy their study to the uttermost.先談社會(huì)話(huà)題：
負(fù)面的話(huà)題無(wú)非要涉及解決的問(wèn)題，正面話(huà)題就是展望未來(lái)，現(xiàn)在送大家一些在考研和四六級(jí)中正負(fù)面話(huà)題都能用的表達(dá)：
The general public is supposed to enhance their awareness that 大眾需要提升對(duì)于…的意識(shí)是，In view of the complexity of such a topic, we must treat it socially, economically and culturally.考慮到話(huà)題的復(fù)雜性，我們必須從社會(huì)，經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化角度來(lái)對(duì)待這個(gè)話(huà)題。
In a sense, it is not why sth.exists in today’s world but what we should do to cope with it.總之，不是討論為什么在今天的世界會(huì)存在這種話(huà)題，而在于我們應(yīng)該怎么去應(yīng)對(duì)他。
文章最后一定能用到的表達(dá)：
In view of the importance and the complexity of such a positive/negative phenomenon, we must treat it socially, economically and culturally and maintain it the very force that has driven our society/或 life forward.Only in a reasonable, prosperous and healthy atmosphere can we hope to witness the ideal scene in which people can enjoy their life to the uttermost./或in which student can enjoy their study to the uttermost.特別警惕，四六級(jí)還可以出一些應(yīng)用文作為考察的對(duì)象，這里附上一篇?dú)g迎辭； My dear new friends, You are welcomed to join in our English club.I am very glad that you will be a part of our fantastic club.Established in 2001, our club has celebrated her 10th birthday.In the past ten years, a lot of interesting activities have been designed and organized.Our most famous activities include talk shows, speech competition and role play competition.In our club, you will have ample opportunities to enjoy English movies, meet foreign friends and of course practice your oral English with them.I am sure you will enjoy happy moments in our club and make progress in your English learning.
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