第一篇：外貿(mào)包裝英漢翻譯

紙箱Carton 瓦欏紙箱 Corrugated Carton

舊瓦欏紙箱 Old Corrugated Carton(O．C．C．)木箱 Wooden Case 板條箱 Crate 木條箱 Wooden Crate

竹條箱 Bamboo Crate 膠合板箱 Plywood Case

三層夾板箱 3--Ply Plywood Case 鍍錫鐵皮胎木箱Tin Lined Wooden Case盒Box 木盒Wooden Box

鐵盒Iron Box 塑料透明盒 Plastic Transparency Box

苯乙烯盒 Styrol Box 袋Bag(Sack)

布袋 Cloth Bag 草袋 Straw Bag

麻袋 Gunny Bag／Jute Bag 舊麻袋 Used Gunny Bag／Old Gunny Bag新麻袋 New Gunny Bag 尼龍袋 Nylon Bag

聚丙烯袋 Polypropylene Bag 聚乙烯袋 Polythene Bag

塑料袋 Poly Bag 塑料編織袋 Polywoven Bag

纖維袋 Fibre Bag 玻璃纖維袋 Glass Fibre Bag

玻璃紙袋 Callophane Bag 防潮紙袋 Moisture Proof Pager Bag

乳膠袋子Emulsion Bag 錫箔袋 Fresco Bag 特大袋 Jumbo Bag

單層完整袋子Single Sound Bag 桶 Drum

木桶 Wooden Cask 大木桶 Hogshead

小木桶 Keg 粗腰桶(琵琶桶)Barrel

膠木桶 Bakelite Drum 塑料桶 Plastic Drum

鐵桶 Iron Drum 鍍鋅鐵桶 Galvanized Iron Drum

鍍鋅閉口鋼桶 Galvanized Mouth Closed Steel Drum

鍍鋅開口鋼桶 Galvanized Mouth Opened Steel Drum

鋁桶 Aluminum Drum 麻布包 Gunny Bale(Hessian Cloth Bag)

蒲包 Mat Bale 草包 Straw Bale

緊壓包 Press Packed Bale 鋁箔包 Aluminium Foil Package

鐵機(jī)包 Hard-pressed Bale 木機(jī)包Half-pressed Bale

覃（缸）Jar 陶缸 Earthen Jar 瓷缸 Porcelain Jar

壺 Pot 鉛壺 Lead Pot 銅壺Copper Pot

施 Bottle 鋁瓶 Aluminum Bottle 陶瓶 Earthen Bottle

瓷瓶 Porcelain bottle 罐 Can 聽 Tin 繞線筒 Bobbin

籠（簍、籃、筐）Basket 竹籠（簍、籃、筐）Bamboo Basket

柳條筐（籠、籃、筐）Wicker Basket 集裝箱 Container

集裝包/集裝袋 Flexible Container 托盤 Pallet

件(支、把、個(gè))Piece 架(臺(tái)、套)Set(Kit)

安瓿 Amp(o)ule(藥針支)雙 Pair

打 Dozen 令 Ream 匹 Bolt(Piece)碼Yard

卷（Roll(reel)塊Block 捆 Bundle 瓣 Braid

度 Degree 輛 Unit(Cart)套（罩）Casing

包裝形狀 Shapes of Packing 圓形 Round 方形Square

三角形 Triangular(Delta Type)長(zhǎng)方形(矩形)Rectangular

菱形(斜方形)Rhombus(Diamond)橢圓形 Oval 圓錐形 Conical圓柱形 Cylindrical 蛋形 Egg-Shaped 葫蘆形 Pear-Shaped

五邊形 Pentagon 六邊形 Hexagon 七邊形 Heptagon 八邊形 Octagon

長(zhǎng) Long 寬 Wide 高 High 深 Deep 厚 Thick 長(zhǎng)度 Length

寬度 Width 高度 Height 深度 Depth

厚度 Thickness 包裝外表標(biāo)志 Marks On Packing

下端，底部 Bottom 頂部(上部)Top(Upper)

小心 Care 勿擲 Don’t Cast

易碎 Fragile 小心輕放,小心裝運(yùn) Handle With Care

起吊點(diǎn)(此處起吊)Heave Here 易燃物，避火 Inflammable

保持干燥，防涇 Keep Dry 防潮 keep Away from Moisture

儲(chǔ)存陰冷處 Keep in a Cool Place 儲(chǔ)存干燥處 Keep in a Dry Place

請(qǐng)勿倒置 Keep Upright 請(qǐng)勿傾倒 Not to Be Tipped

避冷 To be Protected from Cold 避熱 To be Protected from Heat

在滾子上移動(dòng) Use Rollers 此方向上 This Side Up

由此開啟 Open from This Side 爆炸品Explosive

易燃品 Inflammable 遇水燃燒品 Dangerous When Wet

有毒品 Poison 無毒品 No Poison

不可觸摩 Hand off 適合海運(yùn)包裝 Seaworthy Packing

毛重 Gross Weight(Gr.Wt.)凈重 Net Weight(Nt.Wt)

皮重 Tare Weight 包裝嘜頭 Packing Mark

包裝容積 Packing Capacity 包袋件數(shù) Packing Number

小心玻璃 Glass 易碎物品 Fragile

易腐貨物 Perishable 液體貨物 Liquid

切勿受潮 Keep Dry／Caution Against Wet 怕冷 To Be Protected from Cold

怕熱 To Be Protected from Heat 怕火 Inflammable

上部，向上 Top 此端向上 This Side Up

勿用手鉤 Use No Hooks 切勿投擲 No Dumping

切勿倒置 Keep Upright 切勿傾倒 No Turning Over

切勿墜落Do Not Drop／No Dropping 切勿平放 Not to Be Laid Flat

切勿壓擠 Do Not Crush 勿放頂上 Do Not Stake on Top

放于涼處Keep Cool／Stow Cool 干處保管Keep in Dry Place

勿放濕處 Do Not Stow in Damp Place 甲板裝運(yùn) Keep on Deck

裝于艙內(nèi) Keep in Hold 勿近鍋爐 Stow Away from Boiler

必須平放 Keep Flat/Stow Level 怕光 Keep in Dark Place

怕壓 Not to Be Stow Below Other Cargo 由此吊起 Lift Here

掛繩位置 Sling Here 重心 Centre of Balance

著力點(diǎn)Point of Strength 用滾子搬運(yùn) Use Rollers

此處打開 Opon Here 暗室開啟 Open in Dark Room

先開頂部 Romove Top First 怕火，易燃物 Inflammable

氧化物 Oxidizing Material 腐蝕品 Corrosive

壓縮氣體Compressed Gas 易燃?jí)嚎s氣體Inflammable Compressed Gas

毒品 Poison 爆炸物 Explosive

危險(xiǎn)品 Hazardous Article 放射性物質(zhì)Material Radioactive

立菱形 Upright Diamond 菱形 Diamond Phombus

雙菱形 Double Diamond 內(nèi)十字菱形 Gross in Diamond

四等分菱形 Divided Diamond 突角菱形Diamond with Projecting Ends

斜井形 Projecting Diamond 內(nèi)直線菱形 Line in Diamond

內(nèi)三線突角菱形 Three Line in Projecting Diamond 三菱形 Three Diamond

附耳菱形 Diamond with Looped Ends 正方形 Square Box

長(zhǎng)方形 Rectangle 梯形 Echelon Formation

平行四邊形 Parallelogram 井筒形 Intersecting Parallels

五邊形 Pentagon 六邊形 Hexagon

長(zhǎng)六邊形 Long Hexagon 圓形 Circle/Round

二等分圓 Bisected Circle 雙環(huán)形 Crossed Circle

雙圓形 Double Circle 雙帶圓形 Zoned Circle

長(zhǎng)圓形 Long Circle 橢圓形 Oval

雙缺圓形 Double Indented Circle 圓內(nèi)三角形 Triangle in Circle

三角形 Triangle 六角星形 Hexangular Star

二重三角形 Double Triangle 對(duì)頂三角形 Hourgrass Touching Triangle

內(nèi)外三角形 Three Triangle 十字形 Cross

圓內(nèi)十字形 Cross in Circle 山角形 Angle

義架形 Crotch 直線 Line

月牙形 Crescent 心形 Heart

星形 Star 包裝情況 Packing Condition

散裝 In Bulk 塊裝 In Block

條裝 In Spear 片裝 In Slice

捆(扎)裝 In Bundle 裸裝 In Nude

裸散裝 Bare in Loose 木托架立裝 Straightly Stand on Wooden Shelf

傳統(tǒng)包裝 Traditional Packing 中性包裝 Neutral Packing

水密Water Tight 氣密 Air Tight

不透水包 Water Proof Packing 不透氣包 Air Proof Packing

薄膜 Film Membrane 透明紙 Transparent Paper

牛皮紙 Kraft Paper 地瀝青牛皮紙Bituminous Kraft Paper

臘紙 Waxpaper 厚板紙 Cardboard Paper

蒲、葦 Bulrush mat 防水紙 Water Proof Paper

保麗龍（泡沫塑料）Poly Foam(SnowBox)竹條Bamboo Batten

竹篾 Bamboo Skin 狹木條Batten

銅絲 Brass Wire 鐵絲 Iron Wire

鐵條 Iron Rod 扣箍 Buckle

外捆麻繩Bound with Rope Externally

外裹蒲包,加捆鐵皮Bale？Matted Iron-band-strapped Outside

塊裝外加塑料袋Block Covered with Poly Bag

每件外套一塑料袋 Each Piece Wrapped in a Poly Bag

機(jī)器榨包不帶包皮Press Packed Bale without Wrapper

機(jī)器榨包以鐵皮捆扎 Press Packed in Iron Hooped Bale

用牢固的紙箱裝運(yùn) Packed in Strong Carton

適合于長(zhǎng)途海洋運(yùn)輸 Suitable for Long Distance Ocean Transportation

適合出口海運(yùn)包裝 Packed in Seaworthy Carton for Export

全幅卷筒 Full with Rolled on Tube

每卷用素包聚乙烯袋裝 Each Roll in Plain Poly Bag

混色混碼 With Assorted Colours Sizes

每隔--碼燙有邊印With Selvedge Stamped Internally at Every--Yards

用…隔開 Portioned with 紙屑 Paper Scrap 紙條 Paper Slip

紙帶 Paper Tape 紙層 Paper Wool 泡沫塑料 Foamed Plastics

泡沫橡膠Foamed Rubber

帆布袋內(nèi)充水 Canvas Bag Filled with Water

包內(nèi)襯薄紙 Lined with Thin Paper

內(nèi)襯錫箔袋 Lined with Frescobag

內(nèi)置充氣氧塑料袋 Inner Poly Bag Filled with Oxygen

內(nèi)襯牛皮紙 Lined with Kraft Paper

內(nèi)襯防潮紙、牛皮紙 Lined with Moist Proof Paper &Kraft Paper

鋁箔包裝 In Aluminium Foil Packing

木箱內(nèi)襯鋁箔紙Lined with Aluminium Foil in the Wooden Case

雙層布袋外層上漿 Double Cloth Bag with Outer Bag Starched

外置木箱 Covered with Wooded Case

外繞鐵皮 Bound with Iron Bands Externally

膠木蓋Bakelite Cover

外繞鐵絲二道 Bound with Two Bands 0f Metal Wires Outside

標(biāo)簽上標(biāo)有：Labels Were Marked with

紙箱上標(biāo)有Cartons Were Marked with

包裝合格 Proper Packing

包裝完整 Packing Intact

包裝完好 Packing Sound

正規(guī)出口包裝 Regular Packing for Export

表面狀況良好 Apparently in Good Order& Condition

包裝不妥 Improper Packing

包裝不固 Insufficiently Packed

包裝不良 Negligent Packing

包裝殘舊玷污 Packing Stained &Old

箱遭水漬 Cartons Wet &Stained

外包裝受水濕 With Outer Packing Wet

包裝形狀改變 Shape of Packing Distorted

鐵皮失落 Iron Straps Off 釘上 Nailed on

尺寸不符 Off Size 袋子撕破 Bags Torn 箱板破 Case Plank Broken

單層牛皮紙袋內(nèi)襯塑編布包裝，25公斤／包 Packed in Single Kraft Paper Bag Laminated with PE Wovenbag 25Kgs Net Eash

三層牛皮紙袋內(nèi)加一層塑料袋裝，25公斤／包 Packed in 3-ply Kraft Paper Bags with PE Liner,25Kgs/bag

牛皮紙袋內(nèi)壓聚乙烯膜包裝，25公斤／包 Packed in Kraft Paper Iaminated with Polyethylene Film of 25Kgs Net Each

兩端加紙條 With a Paper Band at Both Ends

木箱裝，***以螺栓固定于箱底，箱裝完整 Packed in Woodencase,the***was(were)Mounted with Bolts on the Bottom of the Case.Packing Intact.木箱裝，箱裝箱裝運(yùn)，箱裝完好Packed in Woodencases with Container Shipment.Packing Sound.塑料編織集裝袋裝，內(nèi)襯塑料薄膜袋，集裝箱裝運(yùn)，每箱20袋

Packed in Plastic Woven Flexible Container,Lined with Plastic Film Bags,Shipped in Container,20Bags for Each.鐵桶裝，每桶凈重190公斤。Packed in Iron Drums and Each Drum Net 190kgs

木箱包裝,內(nèi)裝2卷。每卷用塑料薄膜牛皮紙包裹，箱外鐵帶捆扎。

Packed in Wooden Case with 2 Reels Inside and Each Reel Was Wrapped with Poly-Membrane and Kraf Paper.It was Bound with Iron Belts Externally.木箱包裝，內(nèi)裝5卷，每卷用塑料薄膜及中性紙包裹，箱外鐵帶捆扎。

Packed in Wooden Case with 5 Reels Inside and Every Reel was Wrapped with Poly-Membrane and Neutral Paper.The Cases were Bound with Ironbelts Externally.筒裝,紙箱裝,箱外三道紡織袋捆扎,包裝完好.Rolled on Tube and Packed with Carton.Bounded with Three Woven Belts Extermally.Packing Sound.木托架包裝,用纖維板、塑料薄膜及瓦愣紙皮包裹，外用鐵帶捆扎，再用鐵帶固定于集裝箱內(nèi) Straightly Stand on Wooden Pallet and Wrapped with Fibre Borad,Plastic Membrane &Kraft Paper

Board Bound with iron Belts Externally and Then Mounted in the Container with Iron Belt.布包包裝，包裝完好Packed in Gunny Bales.Packing Sound 塑料紡織袋裝，包裝完好。Packed in P.P.Wovenbags Packing Sound.木箱裝，箱裝完整 Packed in Wooden Case.Packing Intact紙箱裝，箱裝完好 Packed in Cartons Packing Sound

托盤紙箱裝，箱內(nèi)襯一層塑料薄膜，包裝完好 Packed in Cartons on Pallet and Lined with Single Polymembrane Inside.Packing Sound．

雙層紙箱裝，外扎四道塑料腰帶，內(nèi)裹牛皮紙，包裝完好。

Packed imply Cartons,Lined with Kraft Paper and Bound with Four Plastic Belts Externally.Packing Sound.原產(chǎn)加厚聚乙烯袋裝，每袋凈重25公斤，集裝箱運(yùn) 2Skgs Net Originally Manufactured Heavy Duty Polyethylene Bag.Shipped in Container.托盤裝,包裝良好。Packed on Pallets,Packing Sound.卷筒裝，包裝良好。Rolled on Tubes。Packing Sound．

編織包包裝，包裝完好． Packed in wovenbales．Packing Sound.木箱包裝，6．0mm×430mm規(guī)格中，除1箱裝3卷外，其余為8卷裝，695mm×300mm規(guī)格為6卷裝，箱內(nèi)用塑料薄膜包裹，每卷再用塑料薄膜包裹

Packed in Wooden Case,for Specification 6.0mm×430mm,except One Case Packed with Three Reels.All were Packed with Eight Reels Respectively;for Specification 6.5mm×300mm, Every Case was Packed with Six Reels.The inner Reels were Wrapped with a Poly-mumbrane and Each Reel was wrapped with a Poly-membrane Again.雙層紙箱裝，外扎四道塑料腰帶，內(nèi)裹牛皮紙，包裝完好。

Packed in 2 Ply Cartons,Lined with Kraft Paper and Bound with Four Plastic Belts Externally Packing Sound.麻袋裝，包裝完好。Packed in Gunny Bales Packing Sound.集裝箱裝運(yùn)，箱號(hào)***,集裝箱外觀完整，箱號(hào)清晰，封識(shí)完好。貨物紙箱包裝，包裝完好。Shipped with Container No.*** with Intact Appearance,Clear Number And Sound Sealing.The Goods Were Packed in Cartons and Packing Sound.

第二篇：外貿(mào)函電包裝要求

Dear Mr.Our packing content is as follows:

We import 5 metric tons of bananas, 25 kg per box, a total of 200 cases.Internal packaging plastic bags, the outside packing is carton.Second, the outer packing should be marked as net weight, gross weight, tare weight, as well Warning signs, such as: handle with care, don't squeeze, etc.In the end, we are looking forward to your reply.親愛的先生

我們的包裝內(nèi)容如下：

我們進(jìn)口5公噸香蕉，每箱25公斤，共200箱。內(nèi)部包裝為塑料袋，外部包裝為紙箱。其次，外部包裝上應(yīng)該注明凈重、毛重、皮重，以及

警示性標(biāo)志，如：小心輕放，不要擠壓等。

最后，我們期待你的回復(fù)。

第三篇：英漢翻譯

大家來詳細(xì)看幾句***在APEC工商領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人峰會(huì)上的開幕演講

1.山明水凈夜來霜，數(shù)樹深紅出淺黃。

The water is clear and the mountain is bright, the frost comes in at night;Trees are covered with deep scarlet, leaves mixed with yellow that is light.2.亞洲各國(guó)就像一盞盞明燈，只有串聯(lián)并聯(lián)起來，才能讓亞洲的夜空燈火輝煌。

Asian countries are just like a cluster of bright lanterns.Only when we link them together, can we light up the night sky in our continent.3.志存高遠(yuǎn)，腳踏實(shí)地。

Aspire for high and grand while planting our feet firmly on the ground.4.應(yīng)該變贏者通吃為各方共贏，共同做大亞太發(fā)展的蛋糕。

We should replace the “winner-take-all” mentality with an all-win approach and work together for great development and prosperity of our region.5.生活從不眷顧因循守舊、滿足現(xiàn)狀者，而將更多機(jī)遇留給勇于和善于改革創(chuàng)新的人們。

Life never favors those who always follow the beaten path and content themselves with the status quo.Instead, life saves opportunities for people who are willing and able to reform and innovate.6.如果說創(chuàng)新是中國(guó)發(fā)展的新引擎，那么改革就是必不可少的點(diǎn)火器。

If innovation is the new engine for China's development, reform is the indispensable igniter.

第四篇：英漢翻譯

英語(yǔ)十一種“錢”的表達(dá)方法

初學(xué)英語(yǔ)的人，常用expense來表示一切“費(fèi)用”。其實(shí)expense主要是“花費(fèi)”、“開

支”之意，如current expenses“日常開支”，selling expenses“銷售費(fèi)用”，trav elling expenses“旅費(fèi)”等等。在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中，各種“費(fèi)用”有各種不同的表達(dá)法:

一、admission(n.)指入場(chǎng)費(fèi)。

如：admission by ticket only憑票入場(chǎng)

二、charge(n.)“原價(jià)、要價(jià)”。

常用復(fù)數(shù)，主要用于一次性勞務(wù)所收取的費(fèi)用，如服務(wù)費(fèi)、行李超重費(fèi)、旅館費(fèi)等

等。

如：what are the charges in the hotel?

這家旅館收費(fèi)多少？

三、cost(n.)本義為“成本”、“原價(jià)”。

常常用來表示對(duì)已取得的貨物或勞務(wù)所支付的費(fèi)用。

如：the cost of seeing a movie is seven dollars.看一場(chǎng)電影要花七美元。

四、fare(n.)指旅客乘公共汽車、出租車、火車、輪船、飛機(jī)等所支付的費(fèi)用。

如：all fares, please.(公共汽車售票員用語(yǔ))請(qǐng)買票。

五、fee(n.)醫(yī)生、律師或其它專門職業(yè)的傭金及會(huì)費(fèi)、手續(xù)費(fèi)、停車費(fèi)等。

如：my lawyer's hourly fee is 130 dollars.我的律師的傭金是每小時(shí)130美元。

六、freight(n.)運(yùn)費(fèi)，指海運(yùn)、空運(yùn)、陸運(yùn)的費(fèi)用。

如：who will pay the freight on this order? 誰(shuí)支付這批定貨的運(yùn)費(fèi)？

七、postage(n.)指郵費(fèi)。

如：how much postage do i need to send this package?寄這個(gè)包裹須付多少錢

？

八、rent(n.土地、建筑物、房舍、機(jī)器等定期的租費(fèi)。

如：the student owed three months’rent for my house.那學(xué)生欠我三個(gè)月的房 租。

九、tip(n.)小費(fèi)。

如：i gave my barber a fat tip.我給理發(fā)師優(yōu)厚的小費(fèi)。

十、toll(n.)道路、橋梁、港口、市場(chǎng)的捐稅、通行費(fèi)及電話費(fèi)等。

如：this month i had to pay 200 yuan toll call.這個(gè)月我要繳200元的電話費(fèi)。

十一、tuition(n.)學(xué)費(fèi)。

如：john took out a loan to pay his tuition.約翰貸款交付學(xué)費(fèi)

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體育英語(yǔ)表達(dá)知多少？

一、運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)的名稱

the Olympic Games奧運(yùn)會(huì)

the Asian Games亞運(yùn)會(huì)

National Games全運(yùn)會(huì)

二、參賽的運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目

1．Football 足球

the World Cup Soccer Championship世界杯足球錦標(biāo)賽，soccer fans 足球迷，soccer hooligans 足球流氓，referee 主裁判，assistant referee（linesman）邊裁（巡邊員），goalkeeper守門員，halfback中衛(wèi)，fullback后衛(wèi)，wing邊鋒，forward 前鋒，midfielder 中場(chǎng)球員，thump 勁射，penetration 突破，header 頭球，pass-back 回傳，dummy 假動(dòng)作，tripping 絆人犯規(guī)，intentional kicking 故意踢人，handball 手球，free kick 任意球，corner kick 角球，ejection 被罰出場(chǎng)，penalty kick 罰點(diǎn)球，offside 越位，yellow card warning 黃牌警告，red card penalty 紅牌判罰出場(chǎng)。

2．Basketball 籃球

referee 主裁判，umpire 裁判，basket and support 球籃和籃架，rim（hoop basket）籃圈，lay-up 上籃，shoot a basket 投籃，rebound 籃板球，control the rebound 控制籃板球，dribble 運(yùn)球，scramble for the basketball 搶球，pass the ball 傳球，bounce pass 反彈傳球，behind the back pass 背后傳球，snap pass 快速傳球，drive to the basket 持續(xù)突破。

3．Table Tennis 乒乓球

singles 單打，men's singles男子單打，women's singles女子單打，doubles雙打，mixed doubles 男女混合雙打，serve the ball 發(fā)球，backhand drive 反手抽球，drive 抽球，forehand 正手擊球，top-spin 上旋球，under-spin 下旋球，side-spin 側(cè)旋球，loop 弧圈球，combine long drives with drop shots 長(zhǎng)抽短吊，defensive player 防守型選手，attacking player 進(jìn)攻型選手。

4．Gymnastics 體操

gymnastics exhibition 體操表演，floor exercise 自由體操，horizontal bar 單杠，parallel bars 雙杠，pommels horse 鞍馬，balance beam平衡木，rings 吊環(huán)，uneven bars 高低杠。

5．Field Events 田賽

the long（broad）jump 跳遠(yuǎn)，the jumping pit 跳遠(yuǎn)的沙坑，the high jump 跳高，the triple jump 三級(jí)跳遠(yuǎn)，shot put 擲鉛球，discus throw 擲鐵餅。

6．Track Events 徑賽項(xiàng)目

100-meter dash 100米賽，400-meter race 400米賽，long distance races 長(zhǎng)跑，relay race接力賽，baton 接力棒，4×100-meter relay race 4×100接力賽，sprint 短跑，sprinter 短跑運(yùn)動(dòng)員，distance runners 長(zhǎng)跑運(yùn)動(dòng)員，hur-dlers 跨欄運(yùn)動(dòng)員。

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Nice 2006-10-08 16:59 新聞?dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)標(biāo)題的特點(diǎn)?省略

有的讀者讀英語(yǔ)報(bào)刊，心中無數(shù)，東翻翻，西看看，總想挑容易的文章讀。一篇文章剛看了個(gè)頭，一碰到生詞，馬上換一篇。如此這般，換了六、七篇，還沒確定讀哪篇。那么，應(yīng)該怎么讀？首先要有準(zhǔn)備地閱讀，如先大致了解一下某報(bào)各版的主要內(nèi)容，然后按照自己的興趣或事先擬訂的閱讀計(jì)劃，選定一個(gè)版面，有選擇地閱讀。

如果碰到生詞，也要堅(jiān)定地讀下去。要知道，對(duì)于初、中等英語(yǔ)水平的讀者，英語(yǔ)報(bào)刊文章很少會(huì)不出現(xiàn)生詞。其次要有步驟地閱讀。一般應(yīng)先讀標(biāo)題，但由于標(biāo)題（headline）短而精，不太好懂，不少讀者常常繞開它。這是不明智的。一份英文報(bào)紙少則10至20版，多則數(shù)百版。讀者一般時(shí)間有限，誰(shuí)都不可能像讀課文或看小說那樣從頭至尾一字不漏地通讀一遍。我們拿起一份報(bào)紙總想迅速找到當(dāng)天的報(bào)道重點(diǎn)或個(gè)人感興趣的新聞和文章。怎樣尋找呢？這就需要找個(gè)“向?qū)А弊鹘榻B。顯然，新聞標(biāo)題就是十分理想的“向?qū)А薄＿@是因?yàn)闃?biāo)題是新聞內(nèi)容的集中和概括，它用簡(jiǎn)練的文字濃縮了新聞中最主要或最值得注意的內(nèi)容。英語(yǔ)新聞標(biāo)題的措詞、語(yǔ)法、修辭乃至標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)等方面的特點(diǎn)較為突出，現(xiàn)一一予以簡(jiǎn)述。1．省略標(biāo)題是新聞不可分割的組成部分。閱讀英語(yǔ)報(bào)紙的新聞標(biāo)題是我們學(xué)習(xí)閱讀英語(yǔ)報(bào)刊的第一步。這么說絕無夸張之意，從語(yǔ)法角度來看，英語(yǔ)新聞標(biāo)題有其一套獨(dú)特的語(yǔ)法體系，與人們平時(shí)常見的英語(yǔ)句子語(yǔ)法有所不同，新聞?dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)學(xué)者稱之為“標(biāo)題語(yǔ)言”（headlines）。其中，標(biāo)題中虛詞的省略就是它的重要特點(diǎn)之一。一般而言，標(biāo)題中虛詞省略現(xiàn)象主要表現(xiàn)在以下幾個(gè)方面：1）冠詞基本省略。例如：

TENTH OF BRITISH MACKEREL CATCH GROUND INTO FEED（＝A TENTH OF THE BRITISH MACKEEL CATCH GROUND INTO FEED）

英國(guó)捕獲鰭魚一成碾為飼料THREE G0RGES FLOODED BY 'FAREWELL' TOURISTS（＝THE THREE GORGES FLOODED BY 'FAREWELL' TOURISTS）惜別之情難以擋游客蜂擁至三峽2）聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞通常省略。例如： THREE DEAD AFTER INHALING OVEN GAS

（＝THREE ARE DEAD AFTER INHALING OVEN GAS）

吸入爐灶煤氣三人窒息身亡CLINTON INAUGURATION MOST EXPENSIVE EVER（＝CLINTON INAUGURATI0N IS M0ST EXPENSIVE EVER）克氏就職典禮花費(fèi)空前巨大3）助動(dòng)詞通常省略。例如： FINANCIER KILLED BY BURGLARS（＝A FINANCIER IS KILLED BY BURGLARS）

夜毛賊入室金融家遇害POPE TO VISIT JAPAN IN FEBRUARY（＝POPE IS TO VISIT JAPAN IN FEBRUARY）教皇擬于二月訪日 INDIA MENDING FENCES（＝INDIA IS MENDING FENCES）

印度正在改善與鄰國(guó)的關(guān)系4）連詞通常省略，并用逗號(hào)代替。例如：

US，VIETNAM RESUME TALKS（＝US AND VIETNAM RESUME TALKS）

美越恢復(fù)會(huì)談NBC'S PRESIDENT ROBERT WRIGHT SEEKS BIG ACQUISITI0NS，VENTURES FOR THE NETWORK（=NBC'S PRESIDENT ROBERT WRIGHT SEEKS BIG ACQUISTIONS AND VENTURES FOR THE NETWORK）

“強(qiáng)有力的伙伴”+“可觀的投資”——羅伯特董事長(zhǎng)為NBC網(wǎng)絡(luò)擴(kuò)展而奔走此外，英語(yǔ)新聞標(biāo)題還經(jīng)常省去介詞、代詞等，這些詞的省略并不妨礙讀者的理解。

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Conferences 各類會(huì)議術(shù)語(yǔ)

assembly 大會(huì) convention 會(huì)議 party 晚會(huì), 社交性宴會(huì) at-home party 家庭宴會(huì) tea party 茶會(huì)

dinner party 晚餐會(huì) garden party 游園會(huì) dance(party), ball, fandango 舞會(huì) reading party 讀書會(huì) fishing party 釣魚會(huì) sketching party 觀劇會(huì) birthday party 生日宴會(huì) Christmas party 圣誕晚會(huì) luncheon party 午餐會(huì) fancy ball 化妝舞會(huì)

commemorative party 紀(jì)念宴會(huì)

wedding dinner, a wedding reception 結(jié)婚宴會(huì) banquet 酒宴

pajama party 睡衣派對(duì) buffet party 立食宴會(huì) cocktail party 雞尾酒會(huì) welcome meeting 歡迎會(huì) farewell party 惜別會(huì)

pink tea 公式茶會(huì)

new years's banquet 新年會(huì) year-end dinner party 忘年餐會(huì) box supper 慈善餐會(huì) fancy fair 義賣場(chǎng)

general meeting, general assembly 會(huì)員大會(huì) congress 代表大會(huì)

board of directors 董事會(huì)

executive council, executive board 執(zhí)行委員會(huì) standing body 常設(shè)機(jī)構(gòu)

committee, commission 委員會(huì)

subcommittee 附屬委員會(huì),小組委員會(huì)

general committee, general officers, general bureau 總務(wù)委員會(huì) secretariat 秘書處

budget committee 預(yù)算委員會(huì) drafting committee 起草委員會(huì)

committee of experts 專家委員會(huì)

advisory committee, consultative committee 顧問委員會(huì),咨詢委員會(huì) symposium 討論會(huì)

study group 學(xué)習(xí)研討會(huì) seminar 講習(xí)會(huì),學(xué)習(xí)討論會(huì)

meeting in camera 秘密會(huì)議(美作:executive session)opening sitting 開幕會(huì) final sitting 閉幕會(huì) formal sitting 隆重開會(huì)

plenary meeting 全會(huì)

sitting, meeting 開會(huì)(美作:session)session 會(huì)期,會(huì)議期間(美作:meeting)working party 工作小組

seat, headquarters 席位 governing body 主管團(tuán)體 round table 圓桌

to sit a meeting, to meet a meeting, to hold a meeting 召開會(huì)議--------------------hall 大會(huì) rostrum 講臺(tái) public gallery 旁聽席 notice board 布告牌 to convene, to convoke 召開 convocation 會(huì)議

standing orders, by-laws 議事程序 rules of procedure 議事規(guī)則 constitution, statutes 章程 procedure 程序 agenda 議程

timetable, schedule 日程表,時(shí)刻表 item on the agenda 議程項(xiàng)目 other business 其他事項(xiàng) to place on the agenda 列入議程 working paper 工作文件 opening 開幕

the sitting is open 會(huì)議開幕 appointment 任命 to appoint 任命,委派

speaker 報(bào)告人

to make a speech, to deliver a speech 做報(bào)告 to ask for the floor 要求發(fā)言

to give the floor to 同意...發(fā)言(美作:to recognize)to take the floor, to address the meeting 發(fā)言 declaration, statement 聲明

Am I in order? 我這樣做符合議程規(guī)定嗎? call to order 要求遵守秩序

to raise a point of order 提出關(guān)于議程的問題 general debate 長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的討論 receivability 可以接受,可接納 stand 立場(chǎng),主張

consensus 意見

advisory opinion 顧問意見 proposal 建議

to table a proposal 提出建議 clarification 澄清 comment 評(píng)論

to second, to support 贊成 to adopt 通過

to oppose 反對(duì)

to raise an objection 提出異議

to move an amendment 提出修正案 to amend 修正

second reading(法案、議案的)二讀 substantive motion 實(shí)質(zhì)性的動(dòng)議 decision 決定 ruling 裁決 to reject 拒絕,駁回 resolution 決議

draft resolution 決議草案,提案 first draft, preliminary draft 草案初稿 whereases 正式文件的開場(chǎng)白,前言 motivations 表明動(dòng)機(jī) operative part 生效部分 report 報(bào)告

factual report 事實(shí)報(bào)告 minutes, record 記錄 summary record 摘要紀(jì)錄 verbatim record 逐字紀(jì)錄

memorandum 備忘錄

to postpone, to adjourn, to put off 推遲,延期 closure 閉幕式

closing speech 閉幕詞

to adjourn the meeting, to close the meeting 散會(huì)---------------------member 成員

membership 成員資格

member as of right 法定代表 life member 終身成員

full-fledged member 全權(quán)代表 head of delegation 代表團(tuán)團(tuán)長(zhǎng) permanent delegate 常駐代表 representative 代表

alternate, substitute 副代表 observer 觀察員

technical adviser 技術(shù)顧問 auditor 審計(jì)員 office 職務(wù)

holder of an office 職稱

honorary president 名譽(yù)主席 chairman 主席

presidency, chairmanship, chair 主席團(tuán) interim chairman 臨時(shí)主席

vice-president, vice-chairman 副主席 rapporteur 文書,秘書

former chairman 前主席(美作:past chairman)director general 局長(zhǎng),處長(zhǎng)

deputy director general 副局長(zhǎng),副處長(zhǎng) secretary general 秘書長(zhǎng) executive secretary 執(zhí)行秘書 treasurer 司庫(kù) officials 官員 consultant 顧問 precis writer 記錄(員)full powers 全權(quán) to chair 主持

terms of reference 職權(quán)范圍 with a right to vote 有表決權(quán) ushers 招待

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英語(yǔ)翻譯訓(xùn)練方法

英語(yǔ)翻譯訓(xùn)練方法之——科技英語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)與翻譯

任何作品均有特定的文體，原文的文體不同，翻譯方法也隨之而異。試觀察下列幾個(gè)片斷的原文及其譯文

“It appears that you've got the offer of a very good job.” “A wonderful job.” “Are you going to take it ?” “I don't think so.” “Why not?' ”I don't want to.“ ”聽說有個(gè)很好的工作要你去干?！?”挺好的工作“?！贝蛩愀蓡?？“ ”不?！?”為什么不干？“ ”不想干“。摘自《刀鋒》（The Razor's Edge）

這是小說中的一段對(duì)說，屬于口語(yǔ)文體。其特點(diǎn)是：用詞自由，句法結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，短句與省略句多，自然樸素，生活氣息濃厚。在譯文中進(jìn)一步體現(xiàn)漢語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)，省去主語(yǔ)”你“、”我“；將英語(yǔ)的一個(gè)句子I don't think so.干脆譯成一個(gè)字”不“，顯得簡(jiǎn)潔有力。

She was of a helpless, fleshy build, with a frank, open countenance and an innocent, diffident manner.Her eyes were large and patient, and in them dwelt such a shadow of distress as only those who have looked sympathetically into the countenances of the distraught and helpless poor know anything about.那婦人生著一副綿軟多肉的體格，一張?zhí)孤书_誠(chéng)的面容，一種天真羞怯的神氣。一雙大落落的柔順眼睛，里邊隱藏著無窮的心事，只有那些對(duì)于凄惶無告的窮苦人面目作過同情觀察的人才看得出來。

摘自（珍妮姑娘）（Jennie Gerhardt）,傅東華譯.上面五十一個(gè)詞的片斷,就運(yùn)用了十個(gè)形容詞,占五分之一。”and in then dwelt such a shadow of distress“是非常優(yōu)美生動(dòng)的文學(xué)語(yǔ)言，譯文保持了一風(fēng)格。

MONTREAL-Clark Johns accomplished a spectacular debut for his NHL career tonight, the first score launching a four-point first period out burst,to lead the Johnson City High Hats to a 6:4 victory over the Montreal Teals and their eighth consecutive game without a loss.[蒙特利爾電]在全國(guó)手球聯(lián)賽中克拉克約翰斯今晚初試鋒芒，引起轟動(dòng)。上半場(chǎng)領(lǐng)先四分，首開記錄。克拉克發(fā)揮中堅(jiān)作用，約翰遜市高帽隊(duì)終以6:4擊敗蒙特利爾市小鴨隊(duì)，創(chuàng)造了連勝八場(chǎng)未負(fù)一場(chǎng)的戰(zhàn)績(jī)。

這是屬于應(yīng)用文的新聞文體，其特點(diǎn)是簡(jiǎn)明扼要，短小精悍，結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，筆鋒犀利。上述這則電訊只有一個(gè)句子，卻把一場(chǎng)球賽描繪得淋漓盡致，富于吸引力。

The range of a voltmeter may be extended by means of a series resistor called a multiplier as shown in Fig.2.The fullscale reading of the meter alone may be 15volts.With the multiplier 250volts may be required to move the pointer to full-scale, 135 volts across the multiplier and 15volts across the meter.從上述的一段科技文章，不難看出其文體與修辭手段與前面列舉的文藝小說，新聞報(bào)道等迥然不同?？萍嘉捏w崇尚嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)周密，概念準(zhǔn)確，邏輯性強(qiáng)，行文簡(jiǎn)練，重點(diǎn)突出，句式嚴(yán)整，少有變化，常用前置性陳述，即在句中將主要信息盡量前置，通過主語(yǔ)傳遞主要信息?？萍嘉恼挛捏w的特點(diǎn)是：清晰、準(zhǔn)確、精練、嚴(yán)密。那末，科技文章的語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)特色在翻譯過程中如何處理，這是進(jìn)行英漢科技翻譯時(shí)需要探討的問題。現(xiàn)分述如下：

一、大量使用名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)

《當(dāng)代英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法》（A Grammar of Contemporary）在論述科技英語(yǔ)時(shí)提出，大量使用名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)（Nominalization）是科技英語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)之一。因?yàn)榭萍嘉捏w要求行文簡(jiǎn)潔、表達(dá)客觀、內(nèi)容確切、信息量大、強(qiáng)調(diào)存在的事實(shí)。而非某一行為。

Archimeds first discovered the principle of displacement of water by solid bodies.阿基米德最先發(fā)展固體排水的原理。

句中of displacement of water by solid bodies 系名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)，一方面簡(jiǎn)化了同位語(yǔ)從句，另一方強(qiáng)調(diào)displacement 這一事實(shí)。

The rotation of the earth on its own axis causes the change from day to night.地球繞軸自轉(zhuǎn)，引起晝夜的變化。

名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)the rotation of the earth on its own axis 使復(fù)合句簡(jiǎn)化成簡(jiǎn)單句，而且使表達(dá)的概念更加確切嚴(yán)密。

If you use firebricks round the walls of the boiler, the heat loss.Can be considerably reduced.爐壁采用耐火磚可大大降低熱耗。

科技英語(yǔ)所表述的是客觀規(guī)律，因之要盡量避免使用第一、二人稱；此外，要使主要的信息置于句首。

Television is the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves.電視通過無線電波發(fā)射和接受活動(dòng)物體的圖象。名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves 強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀事實(shí)，而”謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則著重其發(fā)射和接受的能力。

二、廣泛使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)句

根據(jù)英國(guó)利茲大學(xué)John Swales 的統(tǒng)計(jì)，科技英語(yǔ)中的謂語(yǔ)至少三分之一是被動(dòng)態(tài)。這是因?yàn)榭萍嘉恼聜?cè)重?cái)⑹峦评?，?qiáng)調(diào)客觀準(zhǔn)確。第一、二人稱使用過多，會(huì)造成主觀臆斷的印象。因此盡量使用第三人稱敘述，采用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，例如：Attention must be paid to the working temperature of the machine.應(yīng)當(dāng)注意機(jī)器的工作溫度。而很少說：You must pay attention to the working temperature of the machine.你們必須注意機(jī)器的工作溫度。此外，如前所述，科技文章將主要信息前置，放在主語(yǔ)部份。這也是廣泛使用被動(dòng)態(tài)的主要原因。試觀察并比較下列兩段短文的主語(yǔ)。

We can store electrical energy in two metal plates separated by an insulating medium.We call such a device a capacitor, or a condenser, and its ability to store electrical energy capacitance.It is measured in farads.電能可儲(chǔ)存在由一絕緣介質(zhì)隔開的兩塊金屬極板內(nèi)。這樣的裝置稱之為電容器，其儲(chǔ)存電能的能力稱為電容。電容的測(cè)量單位是法拉。這一段短文中各句的主語(yǔ)分別為： Electrical energy Such a device

Its ability to store electrical energy

It(Capacitance)它們都包含了較多的信息，并且處于句首的位置，非常醒目。四個(gè)主語(yǔ)完全不同，避免了單調(diào)重復(fù)，前后連貫，自然流暢。足見被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)可收簡(jiǎn)潔客觀之效。

三、非限定動(dòng)詞。

如前所述，科技文章要求行文簡(jiǎn)練，結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，為此，往往使用分詞短語(yǔ)代替定語(yǔ)從句或狀語(yǔ)從句；使用分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)代替狀語(yǔ)從句或并列分句；使用不定式短語(yǔ)代替各種從句；介詞十動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)代替定語(yǔ)從句或狀語(yǔ)從句。這樣可縮短句子，又比較醒目。試比較下列各組句子。

A direct current is a current flowing always in the same direction.直流電是一種總是沿同一方向流動(dòng)的電流。

Radiating from the earth, heat causes air currents to rise.熱量由地球輻射出來時(shí)，使得氣流上升。

A body can more uniformly and in a straight line,there being no cause to change that motion.如果沒有改變物體運(yùn)動(dòng)的原因，那么物體將作勻速直線運(yùn)動(dòng)。

Vibrating objects produce sound waves ,each vibration producing one sound wave.振動(dòng)著的物體產(chǎn)生聲波，每一次振動(dòng)產(chǎn)生一個(gè)聲波。

In communications, the problem of electronics is how to convey information from one place to another.在通訊系統(tǒng)中，電子學(xué)要解決的問題是如何把信息從一個(gè)地方傳遞到另一個(gè)地方。Materials to be used for structural purposes are chosen so as to behave elastically in the environmental conditions.結(jié)構(gòu)材料的選擇應(yīng)使其在外界條件中保持其彈性。

There are different ways of changing energy from one form into another.將能量從一種形式轉(zhuǎn)變成另一種形式有各種不同的方法。

In making the radio waves correspond to each sound in turn ,messages are carried from a broadcasting station to a receiving set.使無線電波依次對(duì)每一個(gè)聲音作出相應(yīng)變化時(shí)，信息就由廣播電臺(tái)傳遞到接收機(jī)。

四、后置定語(yǔ)

大量使用后置定語(yǔ)也是科技文章的特點(diǎn)之一。常見的結(jié)構(gòu)不以下五種：

1、介詞短語(yǔ)

The forces due to friction are called frictional forces.由于摩擦而產(chǎn)生的力稱之為摩擦力。A call for paper is now being issued.征集論文的通知現(xiàn)正陸續(xù)發(fā)出。

2、形容詞及形容詞短語(yǔ)。

In this factory the only fuel available is coal.該廠唯一可用的燃料是煤。

In radiation ,thermal energy is transformed into radiant energy ,similar in nature to light.熱能在輻射時(shí)，轉(zhuǎn)換成性質(zhì)與光相似的輻射能。

3、副詞

The air outside pressed the side in.外面的空氣將桶壁壓得凹進(jìn)去了。

The force upward equals the force downward so that the balloon stays at the level.向上的力與向下的力相等，所以氣球就保持在這一高度。

4、單個(gè)分詞，但仍保持校強(qiáng)的動(dòng)詞意義。The results obtained must be cheeked.獲得的結(jié)果必須加以校核

The heat produced is equal to the electrical energy wasted.產(chǎn)生的熱量等于浪費(fèi)了的電能。

5、定語(yǔ)從句

During construction, problems often arise which require design changes.在施工過程中，常會(huì)出現(xiàn)需要改變?cè)O(shè)計(jì)的問題。

The molecules exert forces upon each other, which depend upon the distance between them.分子相互間都存在著力的作用，該力的大小取決于它們之間的距離。

Very wonderful changes in matter take place before our eyes every day to which we pay little attention.(定語(yǔ)從句to which we pay little attention 修飾的是changes,這是一種分隔定語(yǔ)從句。)我們幾乎沒有注意的很奇異的物質(zhì)變化每天都在眼前發(fā)生。

To make an atomic bomb we have to use uranium 235,in which all the atoms are available for fission.制造原子彈，我們必須用鈾235，因?yàn)檩S的所有原子都會(huì)裂變。

五、常用句型

科技文章中經(jīng)常使用若干特定的句型，從而形成科技文體區(qū)別于其他文體的標(biāo)志。例如It---that---結(jié)構(gòu)句型；被動(dòng)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)句型；結(jié)構(gòu)句型，分詞短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)句型，省略句結(jié)構(gòu)句型等。舉例如下：

It is evident that a well lubricated bearing turns more easily than a dry one.顯然，潤(rùn)滑好的軸承，比不潤(rùn)滑的軸承容易轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。

It seems that these two branches of science are mutually dependent and interacting.看來這兩個(gè)科學(xué)分支是相互依存，相互作用的。

It has been proved that induced voltage causes a current to flow in opposition to the force producing it.已經(jīng)證明，感應(yīng)電壓使電流的方向與產(chǎn)生電流的磁場(chǎng)力方向相反。It was not until the 19th century that heat was considered as a form of energy.直到十九世紀(jì)人們才認(rèn)識(shí)到熱是能量的一種形式。Computers may be classified as analog and digital.計(jì)算機(jī)可分為模擬計(jì)算機(jī)和數(shù)字計(jì)算機(jī)兩種。

The switching time of the new-type transistor is shortened three times.新型晶體管的開關(guān)時(shí)間縮短了三分之二。（或---縮短為三分之一。）This steel alloy is believed to be the best available here.人們認(rèn)為這種合金鋼是這里能提供的最好的合金鋼。Electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed as light.電磁波傳送的速度和光速相同。

Microcomputers are very small in size ,as is shown in Fig.5.如圖5所示，微型計(jì)算機(jī)體積很小。

In water sound travels nearly five times as fast as in air.聲音在水中的傳播速度幾乎是在空氣中傳播速度的五倍。Compared with hydrogen, oxygen is nearly 16 times as heavy.氧與氫比較，重量大約是它的十六倍。

The resistance being very high ,the current in the circuit was low.由于電阻很大，電路中通過的電流就小。Ice keeps the same temperature while melting.冰在溶化時(shí)，其溫度保持不變。

An object, once in motion ,will keep on moving because of its inertia.物體一旦運(yùn)動(dòng)，就會(huì)因慣性而持續(xù)運(yùn)動(dòng)。

All substances ,whether gaseous ,liquid or solid ,are made of atoms.一切物質(zhì)，不論是氣態(tài)、液態(tài)，還是固態(tài)，都由原子組成。

六、長(zhǎng)句

為了表述一個(gè)復(fù)雜概念，使之邏輯嚴(yán)密，結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，科技文章中往往出現(xiàn)許多長(zhǎng)句。有的長(zhǎng)句多達(dá)七八個(gè)詞，以下即是一例。

The efforts that have been made to explain optical phenomena by means of the hypothesis of a medium having the same physical character as an elastic solid body led, in the first instance, to the understanding of a concrete example of a medium which can transmit transverse vibrations ,and at a later stage to the definite conclusion that there is no luminiferous medium having the physical character assumed in the hypothesis.為了解釋光學(xué)現(xiàn)象，人們?cè)噲D假定有一種具有與彈性固體相同的物理性質(zhì)的介質(zhì)。這種子嘗試的結(jié)果，最初曾使人們了解到一種能傳輸橫向振動(dòng)的具有上述假定所以認(rèn)為的那種物理性質(zhì)的發(fā)光介質(zhì)。

七、復(fù)合詞與縮略詞

大量使用復(fù)合詞與縮略詞是科技文章的特點(diǎn)之一，復(fù)合詞從過去的雙詞組合發(fā)展到多詞組合；縮略詞趨向于任意構(gòu)詞，例如某一篇論文的作者可以就僅在該文中使用的術(shù)語(yǔ)組成縮略詞，這給翻譯工作帶來一定的困難。例如： full-enclosed 全封閉的（雙詞合成形容詞）feed-back反饋（雙詞合成名詞）work-harden 加工硬化（雙詞合成詞）

criss-cross交叉著（雙詞合成副詞）

on-and-off-the-road路面越野兩用的（多詞合成形容詞）

anti-armoured-fighting-vehicle-missile反裝甲車導(dǎo)彈（多詞合成名詞）radiophotography無線電傳真（無連字符復(fù)合詞）colorimeter色度計(jì)（無連字符復(fù)合詞）maths(mathematics)數(shù)學(xué)（裁減式縮略詞）lab(laboratory)實(shí)驗(yàn)室 ft(foot/feet)英尺

cpd(compound)化合物

FM(frequency modulation)調(diào)頻（用首字母組成的縮略詞）P.S.I.(pounds per square inch)磅/英寸

SCR(silicon controlled rectifier)可控硅整流器 TELESAT(telecommunications satellite)通信衛(wèi)星（混成法構(gòu)成的縮略詞）

根據(jù)上述的科技文章的物占，在翻譯過程中就要注意各種不同的翻譯技巧與方法。例如被動(dòng) 態(tài)的譯法、長(zhǎng)句的處理方法、倍數(shù)的譯法等等。

第五篇：英漢翻譯經(jīng)典題目

Translation Conclusion

Unit 1 stories

1.He was thirty-six, his youth had passed like a screaming eagle, leaving him old and disillusioned.他已三十六歲,青春像一路鳴叫的鷹,早已一閃而逝, 留給他的是衰老和幻滅.2.average height 普通高度 3.gleaming eyes 兩眼閃著光輝

4.in his middle twenties 大概是二十五六歲的年齡

5.ignoring the chair offered him, Chu The stood squarely before this youth more than ten years his junior and in a level voice told him who he was, what he had done in the past, how he had fled from Yunnan, talked with Sun Yat-sen, been repulsed by Chen Tu-hsiu in Shanghai, and had come to Europe to find a new way of life for himself and a new revolutionary road for China.朱德顧不得拉過來的椅子,端端正正地站在這個(gè)比他年輕十歲的青年面前,用平穩(wěn)的語(yǔ)調(diào), 說明自己的身份和經(jīng)歷: 他怎樣逃出云南, 怎樣會(huì)見孫中山, 怎樣在上海被陳獨(dú)秀拒絕, 怎樣為了尋求自己的新的生活方式和中國(guó)的新的革命道路而來到歐洲.6.When both visitors had told their stories, Chou smiled a little, said he would help them find rooms, and arrange for them to join the Berlin Communist group as candidates until their application had been sent to China and an answer received.兩位來客把經(jīng)歷說完后,周恩來微笑著說,他可以幫他們找到住的地方,替他們辦理加入黨在柏林的支部的手續(xù), 在入黨申請(qǐng)書寄往中國(guó)而尚未批準(zhǔn)之前,暫時(shí)作候補(bǔ)黨員.7.Chinese Communist Party

中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨

8.兩條要求, 忠實(shí)------內(nèi)容, 通順-------語(yǔ)言

9.Several times on his trips to China, which he made as a guest of the Chinese Government, Bill's birthday occurred while he was in Beijing.以中國(guó)官方客人的身份, 比爾來訪中國(guó)已多次了, 而且在北京停留期間恰適他生日也有好幾次了.10.? This is for you,' Bill Morrow heard on many occasions he would never forget----such as when he was taken a boat down the Grand Canal and every boat that passed sounded its siren in salutation.Or when he shown over the great Nanjing bridge, built where the ferries used to carry trains across the Changjiang River.He was given a chair and asked to wait a little as darkness came on, then suddenly the whole bridge was outlined in lights.“這是為你安排的.” 這句話比爾.莫諾聽到過好幾次, 每一次都令他難以忘懷.有一次, 他沿大運(yùn)河乘船順?biāo)?途經(jīng)的每艘船都鳴笛致敬.還有一次, 他參觀雄偉的南京長(zhǎng)江大橋------以前沒橋時(shí), 要靠輪渡托載火車橫渡長(zhǎng)江.夜幕漸漸降臨了, 他被安排坐下,并被告知稍坐等候, 然后突然間, 整個(gè)橋身被燈光勾畫出了一個(gè)清晰的輪廊.11.The most important day I remember in all my life is the one on which my teacher, Anne Mansfield Sulliven, came to me.I am filled with wonder when I consider the immeasurable contrast between the two lives which it connects.在我的記憶里, 安妮.曼斯匪爾德.沙利文教師來的那一天,是我一生中最重要的日子.從這一天開始, 我的生活與以前迥然不同, 一想到這一點(diǎn), 我就感到非常興奮.12.On the afternoon of that eventful day, I stood on the porch, dumb, expectant.那天下午,我一聲不響, 懷著期待的心情站在門廊里.13.Have you been at sea in a dense fog, when it seemed as if a tangible white darkness shut you in ,and the great ship, tense and anxious, groped her way toward the shore with plummet and sounding-line and you waited with beating heart for something to happen? I was like that ship before my education began, only I was without compass or sounding-line, and had no way of knowing how near the harbour was.“ light!Give me light!” was the wordless cry of my soul, and the light of love shone on me in that very hour.不知你是否有過這樣的經(jīng)歷---在海上航行遇上了大霧,周圍一片白,好像著實(shí)把你關(guān)在一個(gè)黑暗的地方,大船上的人又緊張又著急, 一面用鉛錘探測(cè)深淺,一面向岸邊慢慢駛?cè)? 你的心也怦怦直跳,生怕出事.我在開始受教育之前, 就像這樣一條船, 只是沒有羅盤, 沒有測(cè)探繩, 也無法知道離海港有多遠(yuǎn).“光明!給我光明!” 這就是發(fā)自我內(nèi)心深處的無言的呼喚, 也就在這時(shí)候, 愛心的光芒照到了我的身上.14.Someone took it, and I was caught up and held close in the arms of her who had come to reveal all things to me, and, more than all things else, to love me.有個(gè)人握住了我的手, 于是我被抱了起來, 緊緊地抈在了她的懷里.正是她來到我的身邊, 將一切展切在我面前, 更重要的是, 是她將愛帶給了我。

15.monkey-like imitation.猴子模仿似的16.In the days that followed, I learned to spell in this uncomprehending way a great many words, among them pin, hat, cup and a few verbs like sit, stand and walk.接下來的幾天里, 我在根本不知自己在做什么樣情況下,學(xué)會(huì)了拼好些單詞, 比如PIN, HAT, CUP 及一些動(dòng)詞, 如SIT, STAND AND WALK.17.That was because I saw everything with the strange, new sight that had come to me.On entering the door I remembered the doll I had broken.I felt my way to hearth and picked up the pieces, I tried vainly to put them together.那是因?yàn)槲艺靡环N剛剛獲得的全新而奇特的視角來看待一切事物.進(jìn)屋時(shí),我想起了被我弄壞的那個(gè)娃娃.我摸索著來到壁爐前, 拾起那些碎片, 試圖將它們拼接在一起, 卻沒辦到.18.it would have been difficult to find a happier child than I was as I lay in my crib at the close of that eventful day and lived over the joys it had brought me, and for the first time longed for a new day to come.當(dāng)那感概萬千的一天快要結(jié)束時(shí), 我躺在自己的小床里, 感受這一天帶給我的那些快樂, 我覺得沒有人比我更幸福了.一生中第一次,我期待著新一天的來臨.19.一切舊的傳統(tǒng)觀念, 一切阻止社會(huì)進(jìn)步和人性發(fā)展的不合理的制度.All outmoded traditional thinking;any irrational system which obstructs social progress or human development.20.我覺得有一根鞭子在抽打我的心, 又覺得仿佛有什么鬼魂借我的筆為自己伸冤一樣.I felt as if my mind was being whipped, as if a ghost had commandeered my pen and was writing to redress the injustices it had suffered.21.另一個(gè)地方

On another occasion.22.長(zhǎng)得好看的人用不著濃妝艷抹, 而我的文章就像一個(gè)丑八怪, 不打扮, 看起來倒還順眼些.Physically attractive people don't need heavy make-up.Though my writing resembles an ugly monster, it actually looks a little better without any embellishment.22.我最恨那些盜名欺世, 欺騙讀者的謊言。

This means I oppose fabrication, deception and flowery language.What I hate most are those glory-seeking writers who deceive the public with their lies.23.就學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)而言，有三個(gè)方面值得注意：拼法正確，合乎用法---一個(gè)詞怎么用，和哪個(gè)詞連用，很有講究。句子平穩(wěn)—合乎語(yǔ)法。