高口材料1

第一篇：高口材料1

1.甲流The Ministry of Health(MOH)yesterday vowed to punish officials who underreport the H1N1 flu pandemic following criticism from a prominent medical expert who cast doubt on China's official death toll from the disease.Some medical experts have wondered aloud whether the country's H1N1 data matches the reality.They pointed to limitations in medical capacity and the fact that hospitals are not testing everyone with flu symptoms for H1N1 as reasons why the outbreak may have been underreported.But Zhong Nanshan, a Guangzhou-based doctor famous for his candor in exposing a cover-up of the SARS epidemic in 2003, took concerns a step further, suggesting some local governments had deliberately concealed suspected cases.“I just don't believe that there have been 53 H1N1 deaths nationwide,” Zhong told the Southern Metropolis Daily.He said the number could be far higher.The MOH reported that there had been 69,160 H1N1 cases on the mainland as of Monday.In the article, Zhong said some parts of the countrywere not testing severe pneumonia deaths to see if they were, in fact, H1N1 deaths.MOH spokesman Deng Haihua responded by saying that anyone found concealing, underreporting or delaying the reporting of details about the pandemic would be punished.Deng also invited the public and the media to oversee the transparent and timely reporting of the H1N1 situation.Vivian Tan, press officer with the World Health Organization's(WHO)Beijing office, said WHO staff are not able to say whether claims of deliberate underreporting at the local level are accurate.“We know the MOH has been urging local health authorities to report H1N1 cases in a transparent way and we do not suspect deliberate underreporting from the ministry,” she noted.She suggested that the country should focus its resources on monitoring bigger trends and unusual developments, as well as treating severe cases and continuing the vaccination of as many people as possible.Meanwhile, nine special teams of MOH officials have been sent to 12 provincesto inspect local pandemic control work, particularly the treatment of severe cases.Questions:What is Zhong Nanshan famous for?What is Zhong Nanshan worried about?What did the MOH decide to do in response to the accusations?

Answers:

1.Exposing a cover-up of the SARS epidemic in 2003.2.Some local governments had deliberately concealed suspected cases of H1N1.3.Vowed to punish anyone found concealing, underreporting or delaying the reporting of details about the pandemic.相關(guān)的With a new H1N1 influenza virus spreading around the world, governments in many countries have revived advertisements entreating people to observe personal hygiene.The next time you cough or sneeze, there is good reason to cover your mouth.眼下一種新型的H1N1流感病毒正在全球廣泛傳播，很多國家的政府紛紛重新打出廣告，提醒人們注意個(gè)人衛(wèi)生。今后你咳嗽或打噴嚏時(shí)，就有充分的理由捂住嘴了。

在此次“豬流感”疫情中，除了學(xué)習(xí)到了swine flu這一表達(dá)之外，我們還可以學(xué)習(xí)到其他一些相關(guān)詞匯，如flu vaccine（流感疫苗），flu caseload（感染病例數(shù)），shot（注射，打針，eg.The nurse gave me a flu shot.護(hù)士給我打了治療流感的針），flu strain（流感病毒株），anti-viral medications（抗病毒藥物），make a vaccine against（研制出一種抗……的疫苗），ease flu symptoms（減輕流感癥狀）等等。在最近有關(guān)“甲型H1N1流感”的新聞報(bào)道中，出現(xiàn)頻率較高的相關(guān)詞匯還有contagious（會(huì)傳染的），respiratory disease（呼吸道疾病），circulate（傳播），contaminate（傳染），infect（感染），contract（感染），epidemic（流行病，時(shí)疫），epidemiologists（流行病學(xué)專家），pandemic（尤指全國性流行的疾病），pneumonias（肺炎），case（病例），confirmed case（確診病例），suspected case（疑似病例），incubation period（潛伏期），outbreak（爆發(fā)），mutate into a more dangerous strain（突變成更危險(xiǎn)病毒株），human-to-human transmission/spread/infection（人與人之間的傳播/感染），cough（咳嗽），sneeze（打噴嚏），antiviral drug（抗病毒藥物），symptom（癥候），face mask（面罩），test positive/negative（檢測呈陽性/陰性），develop a fever（出現(xiàn)發(fā)燒/發(fā)熱癥狀），precautionary measures（預(yù)防措施），avoid contacts with（避免與……接觸），quarantee（醫(yī)學(xué)隔離），isolate（隔離，通俗用詞），step up surveillance（加強(qiáng)檢測），flu jitters（流感恐慌），contain（遏制），stem the spread of the virus（制止病毒的擴(kuò)散），public health emergency of international concern（國際關(guān)注的突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件）等等。以下是與上述部分詞語相關(guān)的一些例句：

1． Canadaon Wednesday confirmed its first human-to-human spread of A/H1N1 flu infection, as the country' s total cases rise to 19.2． Researchers have confirmed two cases of human to human transmission of the A/H1N1 influenza virus, raising the possibility that the infection could soon gain a foothold among people, with the potential to strike millions.3． Scientists at the National Microbiology Laboratory have found that the virus appears to have an incubation period of two to seven days.4． The Canadian public remains calm and the government has urged necessary precautionary

measures such as washing hands frequently and avoiding contacts with people havingflu symptoms.5． All new cases are mild, but one of the patients in British Columbia has not been to Mexico recently and is believed to contract the virus from another person.6． The above comments leave little doubt that the H1N1 flu is being efficiently transmitted human to human in southern California.7． Hong Kong quarantined hundreds of hotel guests and workers Friday after a tourist from Mexico tested positive for A/H1N1 flu,Asia's first confirmed case of the disease.8． China will track down the other passengers on the flight from Mexico to Shanghai and quarantine them for seven days, the country's Ministry of Health said in a statement Friday.9． Governments worldwide raced to contain the spread of a new strain of A/H1N1 flu that has killed over 80 people in Mexico,amid a fresh warning that the virus could mutate into a more dangerous strain.10．Around the world, governments are scrambling to stem the spread of a new A/H1N1 flu virus that has killed at least 103 people in Mexico, Reuters reported.11．The World Health Organization declared the outbreak – which has components of classic avian, human and A/H1N1 flu viruses--a “public health emergency of international concern”.2.奧巴馬其人Brief Introduction

Barack Hussein Obama, born on August 4, 1961, is the junior United States Senator from Illinois and presidential nominee of the Democratic Party in the 2008 United States presidential election.Obama is the first African-American to be nominated by a major American political party for president and became the first African-American president in American history on November 4, 2008.A graduate of Columbia University and Harvard Law School, where he became the first black person to serve as president of the Harvard Law Review, Obama worked as a community organizer and practiced as a civil rights attorney before serving three terms in the Illinois Senate from 1997 to 2004.He taught

constitutional law at the University of Chicago Law School from 1992 to 2004.Following an

unsuccessful bid for a seat in the U.S.House of Representatives in 2000, he announced his campaign for the U.S.Senate in January 2003.After a primary victory in March 2004, Obama delivered the

keynote address at the Democratic National Convention in July 2004.He was elected to the Senate in November 2004 with 70 percent of the vote.As a member of the Democratic minority in the 109th Congress, he helped create legislation to control conventional weapons and to promote greater public accountability in the use of federal funds.He also made official trips to Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and Africa.During the 110th Congress, he helped create legislation regarding lobbying and electoral fraud, climate change, nuclear terrorism, and care for returned U.S.military personnel.Obama announced his presidential campaign in February 2007, and was formally nominated at the 2008 Democratic National Convention with Delaware senator Joe Biden as his running mate.奧巴馬簡介

巴拉克?侯賽因?奧巴馬，出生于1961年8月4日，是代表美國伊利諾州的聯(lián)邦參議員，2008年美國總統(tǒng)選舉民主黨候選人。

奧巴馬是美國歷史上第一位獲得主要政黨提名的非裔總統(tǒng)候選人，并于2008年11月4日當(dāng)選為美國歷史上首位非裔總統(tǒng)。他畢業(yè)于哥倫比亞大學(xué)和哈佛法學(xué)院，是《哈佛法律評(píng)論》的第一位黑人社長。在連續(xù)三屆擔(dān)任伊利諾伊州州參議員之前（1997-2004），奧巴馬主要從事社區(qū)工作和民權(quán)律師工作。1992年到2004年，他在芝加哥大學(xué)教授憲法學(xué)。2000年奧巴馬競選美國眾議院議員失敗，2003年他宣布參選聯(lián)邦參議員。2004年3月奧巴馬取得初步勝利，7月他在民主黨全國大會(huì)上發(fā)表了主題演講。2004年11月，奧巴馬以百分之70的選票當(dāng)選為聯(lián)邦參議員。

在第109屆國會(huì)會(huì)期內(nèi)，作為民主黨內(nèi)的少數(shù)族裔，他協(xié)助編纂了控制常規(guī)武器和使用聯(lián)邦基金進(jìn)一步推動(dòng)公共問責(zé)的法律。他還對(duì)東歐，中東和非洲進(jìn)行了官方訪問。在第110屆國會(huì)會(huì)期內(nèi)，他協(xié)助編纂了關(guān)于游說和選舉詐騙，氣候變化，核恐怖活動(dòng)以及幫助退伍軍人的法案。2007年2月，奧巴馬宣布參加總統(tǒng)競選，2008年民主黨全國大會(huì)上獲得正式提名，選擇代表特拉華州的聯(lián)邦參議員喬?拜登做副總統(tǒng)人選。

第二篇：網(wǎng)友高口口試經(jīng)驗(yàn)匯總

回憶為高口拼搏的日子（作者：yingxuan1985）

高口和中口相比，除了內(nèi)容更偏政治化和整體難度加大外，一個(gè)顯著的特點(diǎn)是每段翻譯的篇幅加長了，因此筆記至關(guān)重要，這也是令大多數(shù)人頭疼的地方。在這一方面我覺得Jason 和Vicky的講解很到位，大家上課要認(rèn)真聽，回去后多花些時(shí)間揣摩和歸納，找到一種最適合你的方式。畢竟筆記符號(hào)和技巧這東西沒有一個(gè)固定的格式。但在這里我有一點(diǎn)要提醒大家，筆記固然重要，但千萬不能因此而影響聽，否則就得不償失了。尤其是一些細(xì)節(jié)的東西，大可不必拘泥，抓住整體中心更為重要。

接著，我想談一談關(guān)于復(fù)習(xí)資料的選用問題?？谧g教程無疑是非常重要的！可以這么說吧，如果這本書不好好看的話，那想過高口幾乎是不可能的。書中的重點(diǎn)科目，例如改革開放，經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化和國際政治等話題，一定要非常熟練。另外就是梅德明的兩本口譯實(shí)踐。聽Jason說，考試的題目有很多都是從這兩本書里挑選出來的，所以大家有時(shí)間最好過一遍。（英譯漢更重要些）第三份復(fù)習(xí)資料就是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人講話和當(dāng)前熱點(diǎn)話題?？谠嚂r(shí)間是每年的5月和11月，所以大家要關(guān)注下在2，3月份和9，10月份有哪些重要領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人做了全球講話，把講話的中，英文稿過一遍。我今年五月考口試時(shí)，有兩段英譯中是有關(guān)能源問題的。而在今年2月，賴斯曾發(fā)表了全球能源危機(jī)的講話?？梢?，高口考試已經(jīng)越來越貼近生活。至于我之前提到的熱點(diǎn)話題，就要求大家平時(shí)做個(gè)有心人了，但我認(rèn)為，有關(guān)奧運(yùn)會(huì)和世博會(huì)的內(nèi)容在近期會(huì)是重點(diǎn)。

很多人都認(rèn)為第一部分的口語只是個(gè)過場，對(duì)最終成績毫無影響。其實(shí)不然?？谡Z的發(fā)揮將在很大程度上決定考官對(duì)你口譯部分的評(píng)判松緊。我能一次過口試，也得益于當(dāng)時(shí)的Topic講得不錯(cuò)，考官一邊聽一邊對(duì)我頻頻點(diǎn)頭。所以，我建議大家在試前準(zhǔn)備幾個(gè)用詞相對(duì)華麗的百搭型開頭語段。這既能向考官展現(xiàn)良好的英語素養(yǎng)，留個(gè)好印象；又能擴(kuò)充口語時(shí)間，緩解緊張情緒?？芍^一舉多得！

說過了口語，再來談一談口譯的臨場表現(xiàn)技巧。說實(shí)話，就我們目前的水平，是不可能把每個(gè)詞都聽得清楚的，所以遇到生詞，千萬別慌。在把握大意中心的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)沒聽清的地方做合理猜測是完全可行的。表達(dá)一定要流利，有氣勢。在這點(diǎn)上，我因?yàn)閺男W(xué)到大學(xué)就一直代表學(xué)校參加各類演講比賽，使我能夠在考官面前始終表現(xiàn)得自信，這倒是為我最終通過加了分。

6月份，當(dāng)我拿到高口證書的時(shí)候，身邊同學(xué)全都羨慕不已。但我心里清楚，這薄薄的一張紙凝結(jié)了多少心血！從3月到5月的2個(gè)月中，我每天在高口上花5，6個(gè)小時(shí)，有時(shí)老師在上面講課，我會(huì)在底下把他的話翻英語。室友們都開玩笑說我走火入魔了，我也笑著回答說：燕鵲安知鴻鵠之志哉！最痛苦的是在五一節(jié)的前夕，當(dāng)時(shí)外地生逃回老家，上海生也有好多溜回家，自習(xí)教室空蕩得很。我清楚地記得，4月29日那晚，教學(xué)大樓的某間教室里居然只有我一人在那看書。說真的，自己當(dāng)時(shí)覺得很孤獨(dú)很可憐，甚至有種想哭的沖動(dòng)！所以，我想對(duì)大家說，雖然我不否認(rèn)，高口絕對(duì)有運(yùn)氣成分在里頭，但踏踏實(shí)實(shí)地付出是必不可少的。在你羨慕他人的時(shí)候，請問一問自己，我是否也能忍受背后的那份枯燥和寂寞呢！最后，我希望大家都能朝著目標(biāo)努力，并衷心祝愿各位順利通過考試。

我的口試體會(huì)（作者：乘風(fēng)而行）

我這次口譯的準(zhǔn)備持續(xù)了兩個(gè)月有余。由于工作和生活的壓力，我在這兩個(gè)月內(nèi)真是竭盡全力，盡量將為數(shù)不多的時(shí)間都利用起來。3月初到4月初這個(gè)階段基本上是調(diào)整狀態(tài)、搜集資料、學(xué)習(xí)課文的過程，4月份開始過渡到練習(xí)為主。

1《英語口譯筆記法實(shí)戰(zhàn)指導(dǎo)》兩年前就買了，也大體瀏覽了一遍。這次的準(zhǔn)備工作也是從這本書入手。這本書作為筆記法的教程是比較合適的。一是本身內(nèi)容深入淺出，配有大量的練習(xí)，可以看到作者的確是花了一番功夫；二是素材也比較切合口譯考試的實(shí)踐。強(qiáng)烈推薦需要提高筆記的同學(xué)看看這本書。2 由于我的發(fā)音實(shí)在太差，我花了很多的時(shí)間尋找解決辦法，也的確尋找到一些改進(jìn)的辦法。剛開始主要的精力放在學(xué)習(xí)課本上面。由于我不是科班出身，漢英部分對(duì)我產(chǎn)生了很大的壓力，消耗了我大量的精力。課本和漢英實(shí)踐部分我都作為視譯的材料過了一遍。買了昂立的saybot軟件，260大洋。現(xiàn)在看看這個(gè)軟件沒有多少價(jià)值，但當(dāng)時(shí)，的確起了很大作用。它對(duì)我的作用體現(xiàn)在讓我開了口，從學(xué)習(xí)過渡到練習(xí)。其次，它的15個(gè)單元比起課本的單元，更加容易讓人上手?；◣滋鞎r(shí)間練習(xí)了一遍之后，頓時(shí)對(duì)口譯考試范圍有了胸有成竹的感覺。當(dāng)然這個(gè)軟件對(duì)我找出我發(fā)音的弱點(diǎn)也有一定幫助。這個(gè)軟件對(duì)于英語專業(yè)的同學(xué)，或者上過輔導(dǎo)班的同學(xué)應(yīng)該意義不大。

這里談?wù)勎覍?duì)口譯課本的認(rèn)識(shí)。這個(gè)課本作為教科書，應(yīng)該說具有相對(duì)的權(quán)威性，這點(diǎn)我不敢否認(rèn)。但從應(yīng)試和練習(xí)的角度，這本書有很大局限性。一是雖然作者將課文分成15個(gè)單元，但卻沒有深入地提煉出模板句。這個(gè)是造成“熟背課文也未必能過口譯，而正常人類基本不可能熟背課文”的重要原因。二是15個(gè)單元的劃分貌試科學(xué)，但內(nèi)容卻驚人地重復(fù)、交*。例如同樣是中美之間的關(guān)系，從不同的角度在不同的單元出現(xiàn)了無數(shù)詞。同學(xué)們?nèi)绻荒芴稣n本將這些篇章聯(lián)系、對(duì)比，勢必會(huì)事倍功半。三是漢英口譯的答案居然不提供英文錄音，實(shí)在不方便同學(xué)復(fù)習(xí)、記憶。因?yàn)榻滩牟煌谝话愕木毩?xí)材料，需要多次復(fù)習(xí)，才能逐步吸收消化再提高。復(fù)習(xí)的時(shí)候聽聽英文錄音效率其實(shí)最高。四是排版方式實(shí)在不方便學(xué)習(xí)和復(fù)習(xí)。對(duì)于第二點(diǎn)和第四點(diǎn)，我想出了個(gè)辦法：把所有我覺得有價(jià)值的漢英文章及其答案都復(fù)印出來，然后剪切并且粘貼在A3紙上，一般的，一個(gè)單元需要兩張A3，這兩張紙?jiān)僬吃谝黄?。然后所有單元可以掛在墻上或者平鋪在圖書館的桌子上，整本課文一目了然，效率成倍提高。后來我又把口譯實(shí)踐這本書的段落視譯部分作類似處理。新東方的口試備考精要編得一般。作為練習(xí)的第一階段，我把這本書的中級(jí)部分練習(xí)并學(xué)習(xí)了一遍，飽受打擊。高級(jí)部分基本都來自漢英口譯實(shí)踐，考試前兩天批量地過了一遍?！犊记盁嵘怼愤@本書內(nèi)容比較簡單，大體練習(xí)了一遍，增強(qiáng)了不少信心。5月2號(hào)3號(hào)去了趟上海，聽了lingobingo的沖刺班。收獲非常大。沖刺班最大的價(jià)值在于有老師指導(dǎo)下集中練習(xí)。準(zhǔn)備口譯考試學(xué)習(xí)10個(gè)小時(shí)，不如練習(xí)半個(gè)小時(shí)?？谧g是說出來、練出來的，不是學(xué)出來、想出來的。5月之后狀態(tài)很差，基本上就只把歷年真題過了一遍，把《備考精要》非常粗地過了一遍。期間有兩次口譯實(shí)踐，一次是一個(gè)愛爾蘭學(xué)者來做講座，由于涉及專業(yè)術(shù)語較多，我就自己上了。他的發(fā)音非常標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，聽起來很舒服。我用口譯的筆記方法，很輕松地記下他的講話?；旧厦看味甲屗v上個(gè)3、5分鐘，把一個(gè)點(diǎn)講完再譯。譯完之后反響很好。另外一次是參加中印經(jīng)貿(mào)洽談會(huì)，阿三的發(fā)音讓我飽受打擊。

總結(jié)：

1）口譯的成績?nèi)Q于練習(xí)量，一定要想方設(shè)法多練習(xí)

2）口譯培訓(xùn)班還是比較有效的，其有效不僅體現(xiàn)在口譯技能和知識(shí)（例如模板句）的傳授上，更主要的是提供練習(xí)的機(jī)會(huì)。lingobingo大班教育、小班練習(xí)的模式應(yīng)該很有效

3）高級(jí)口譯不高級(jí)，要做職業(yè)譯員，高口只能算基本要求

4）高口難的還是在英譯漢部分，漢英部分難在文化和旅游這方面，但近些年出現(xiàn)頻率不高。

高分經(jīng)驗(yàn)談（作者：曹玙）

先介紹一下我參加考試的背景。我報(bào)了2005年2月的上海新東方高口寒假班，參加的是2005年9月秋季的高口考試。我的情況有點(diǎn)特殊，因?yàn)槲以诒本┳x大學(xué)，所以兩次考試都是周五趕回上海周日又趕回北京上學(xué)，時(shí)間非常緊張，成本也非常高（也可能是因?yàn)檫@個(gè)原因才刺激我口試要一次通過的吧，呵呵），我覺得一鼓作氣會(huì)比較好，所以筆試通過以后直接報(bào)了11月的口試，結(jié)果很幸運(yùn)的第一次就通過了：）

現(xiàn)在我可以懷里揣著高口證書大談特談考試經(jīng)驗(yàn)了，因?yàn)槲页晒α恕？墒窃诋?dāng)時(shí)，我也是七上八下一點(diǎn)沒底的。不過事實(shí)說話，我想我這里可能會(huì)有一些成功的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，不妨寫出來和大家一起分享^_^先說說平時(shí)吧，總結(jié)一下有以下幾點(diǎn)：

1、強(qiáng)迫自己養(yǎng)成閱讀英語讀物的習(xí)慣。如果對(duì)生硬的英語報(bào)紙沒有興趣，可以先從英語的休閑讀物開始，比如說《瘋狂英語》什么的，不過最后還是要花一些時(shí)間看看英語的評(píng)論和時(shí)事新聞；

2、從聽說讀寫多個(gè)方面入手。平時(shí)可以看英文電影、聽英文歌曲培養(yǎng)自己的語感，同時(shí)可以跟著臺(tái)詞或者歌詞自己念叨念叨（覺得傻的話就照周圍沒有人的時(shí)候練習(xí)），長此以往一定有用！

3、寶寶老師推薦了一個(gè)方法，就是被新概念第二冊的課文。新概念第二冊的課文都是短小精悍的，要求不多爭取每天背一篇，但是一定要滾瓜爛熟，就是背起來不能有停頓。我自己嘗試著背了幾篇，效果蠻好的，可惜沒有堅(jiān)持下去?_?

臨考前一個(gè)月是沖刺階段，這段時(shí)間非常重要，我也可以介紹一下我的方法。

1、聽力的準(zhǔn)備。這部分對(duì)我來說是最難的，我也花了最多的時(shí)間。主要的方法是聽寫VOA、BBC等短篇的英語新聞，基本上是一天做一篇，材料可以在網(wǎng)上下載最近的新聞，China Daily和很多論壇上都有比較新的材料。聽寫完后一定要和原文對(duì)照，再聽兩遍找出自己出錯(cuò)的原因，是聽不清還是單詞拼寫還是同音異義，量不要大但是每聽寫完一次都爭取有提高。

2、閱讀的準(zhǔn)備。這部分我認(rèn)為應(yīng)該以單詞的積累為主，夏菁老師教了我們不少有用的提高閱讀速度和獲取有效信息的方法，如找準(zhǔn)主題句、數(shù)字和大寫定位等等。這些都要在做以前的真題的過程中加以磨練，直到使之成為一種習(xí)慣，因?yàn)楦呖诘拈喿x速度是第一位的。同時(shí)，要積累一些常用詞匯和高口熱門話題的專業(yè)詞匯，這樣才能保證閱讀的速度和效率。

3、翻譯的準(zhǔn)備。新東方的小新老師推薦了不少不錯(cuò)的翻譯網(wǎng)站，我常去的是的英語學(xué)習(xí)板塊和, 因?yàn)槟抢锛骖櫫藭r(shí)事英語和英語翻譯。平時(shí)可以有意的找一些新聞報(bào)道來翻譯，200字左右的，翻譯完后保存起來過三天在回過來進(jìn)行回譯，這樣對(duì)翻譯水平的提高很有好處。

再說說口試吧?？谠囎钪匾木褪嵌嚅_口勤練。在練習(xí)過程中要注意盡量模擬考試現(xiàn)場的流程，最后能有一個(gè)陪練充當(dāng)錄音機(jī)，沒有的話要充分利用MP3一類的錄音工具。網(wǎng)上也有一些真題，可以留一部分到最后沖刺的時(shí)候進(jìn)行練習(xí)。另外，心態(tài)很關(guān)鍵，只要流暢就行而不要求字字對(duì)應(yīng)，臨考試保持適度的緊張（聽說這樣可以刺激分泌什么激素）但不要過量。我記得我當(dāng)時(shí)中譯英時(shí)的一段錄音材料特別長，有七八句話，我當(dāng)時(shí)就急了，心想怎么還不完還不完，幸好急歸急，手頭的記錄一直沒停，現(xiàn)在想來，口試一次能過實(shí)在是很幸運(yùn)啊，呵呵。

我的高口之路（作者：王滿）

英語學(xué)習(xí)一直是我的興趣所在。語言之美在我眼中充滿無窮魅力。自孩提時(shí)代起我就一直夢想有朝一日能熟練掌握數(shù)國語言，游歷于不同民族國界，充當(dāng)文化使者。因此，我毫不猶豫地報(bào)名參加了上海高級(jí)口譯資格證書考試，把它看成是對(duì)自身英語水平的挑戰(zhàn)，同時(shí)也為將來可能從事的我所喜愛的口譯工作打下基礎(chǔ)。2005年9月，我步入高口筆試考場；11月初，準(zhǔn)備充分的我又自信地踏進(jìn)設(shè)在上海外國語大學(xué)內(nèi)的口試考場。一個(gè)月后，我毫不意外地在網(wǎng)上看到自己的名字排在通過口試的考生之列。我微笑著對(duì)自己說：“只要敢于挑戰(zhàn)并付出努力，沒有什么辦不到。高口不是一道坎，一次通過口試也并非難事。”當(dāng)然，在挑戰(zhàn)高口的過程中，上海新東方的口譯老師們給我提供了莫大幫助。

2005年上半年，我就打定主意參加下半年的高口考試，并且把目標(biāo)定為速戰(zhàn)速?zèng)Q，一次性通過筆試和口試。由于學(xué)期內(nèi)課程較忙無暇備考，而考試又在新學(xué)期之初，暑假便成了我唯一能充分利用的一段時(shí)間。為了使自己的準(zhǔn)備更系統(tǒng)，效率更高，并掌握恰當(dāng)?shù)膽?yīng)試技巧，我聽取好多同學(xué)的建議報(bào)名參加了上海新

東方暑期GY041高口培訓(xùn)班，得以有幸獲得夏菁、郭中寶、張馳新、王聰聰四位老師的指導(dǎo)，從而為我能順利地一次通過高口打下了基礎(chǔ)。新東方口譯老師給我留下的深刻印象可以主要用兩個(gè)詞概括：激情、博學(xué)。每個(gè)老師永遠(yuǎn)是出現(xiàn)時(shí)精神煥發(fā)，出口便振奮人心，講課時(shí)活力四射；嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)而不失幽默，談笑間飽含睿智。在他們的帶領(lǐng)下，原本枯燥的習(xí)題講解變得饒有趣味，酷暑里集中轟炸式訓(xùn)練也不再難耐。夏老師頗有學(xué)者風(fēng)范，堪稱博學(xué)之士，總能在講解題目的同時(shí)補(bǔ)充很多相關(guān)知識(shí)和背景材料，在方便理解記憶的同時(shí)擴(kuò)大家的知識(shí)面；寶寶（昵稱）就是個(gè)大男孩，活潑風(fēng)趣，一口模仿各國不同英語發(fā)音的本事令人叫絕，可教起聽力技巧來卻一點(diǎn)不含糊；小新總是能將翻譯課上得滿堂歡聲笑語，總結(jié)的常用詞匯更是大有幫助，考試命中率不俗；聰聰則會(huì)挖空心思給大家提供一展身手的機(jī)會(huì)，她的鼓勵(lì)更是讓人信心倍增。我想就是她那句“你很有譯員的素質(zhì)”讓我能自信而又從容地踏進(jìn)考場。在新東方的20天里，我不僅為口譯考試作好了準(zhǔn)備，更在聽力、閱讀、翻譯等方面全面提高了英語水平。可以說，上海新東方使我登上了英語學(xué)習(xí)的更高平臺(tái)。

下面我就愿意與大家分享一下我的高口考試心得。首先是筆試準(zhǔn)備階段。在這一階段我把聽力當(dāng)成備考重點(diǎn)，加大訓(xùn)練。高口配套的聽力教材我完整地聽過兩遍，第一遍時(shí)做書上對(duì)應(yīng)習(xí)題，第二遍時(shí)將Talk和Interview用來練習(xí)速記，這樣對(duì)聽力中的Note-taking & Gap-filling以及口試中的速記都會(huì)有提高。另外,聽完兩遍對(duì)教材各段錄音的內(nèi)容都有了大致了解,一旦筆試聽譯部分考到教材中內(nèi)容就比較有把握。閱讀方面的提高主要緣自新東方老師提供的一些技巧，比如關(guān)鍵詞句前后的一兩句話往往是對(duì)這一詞或句的解釋；文章精讀前三段等。翻譯方面我采取的策略是記憶一些常用詞匯和有用句式，臨場發(fā)揮盡量簡單明了，在保證譯文正確的前提下再考慮詞句的文雅。值得一提的是，真題練習(xí)非常有益，準(zhǔn)備階段要認(rèn)真對(duì)待每一套真題，用考試的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求自己，在規(guī)定時(shí)間內(nèi)實(shí)戰(zhàn)練習(xí)，這樣能訓(xùn)練出合理的速度和正確率。在做完幾套真題以后可以總結(jié)一下出現(xiàn)次數(shù)比較多的生詞、詞組和難懂的句式，以便重點(diǎn)記憶。筆試考場上要保持沉著、冷靜；在長得眼花繚亂的閱讀文章面前要不慌不忙、靜下心來。準(zhǔn)備充分的同學(xué)若能做到這兩點(diǎn)過筆試應(yīng)該不是問題。

接下來就是口試準(zhǔn)備階段。從筆試結(jié)束后我就開始準(zhǔn)備口試，而不是等到筆試成績公布，一方面是比較有信心，另一方面是為口試準(zhǔn)備爭取更多時(shí)間。個(gè)人認(rèn)為口試的關(guān)鍵在于速記和詞組的掌握。我在筆試結(jié)束后的這一個(gè)多月里堅(jiān)持每天都做速記練習(xí)，材料用的是高口口試模擬題和真題，這樣比較有針對(duì)性，難度也與考試相仿。另外，高級(jí)口譯教程也必然要熟讀。有些人說考高口只要把口譯教程中的文章背出來即可，但我不贊成這種觀點(diǎn)。首先，背書工程量浩大，而書中譯文未必符合口譯現(xiàn)實(shí)，所以沒有背的必要；其次，若是靠背死書通過考試則實(shí)際口譯能力還是沒有提高，一旦置身于現(xiàn)實(shí)口譯環(huán)境就會(huì)無所適從。我主張記關(guān)鍵詞組而非背誦長句甚至段落。我在準(zhǔn)備時(shí)就只是背熟書中每單元整理的詞匯，輔以文章中常出現(xiàn)的自己不熟的詞組。在翻譯時(shí)用自己的語言，即簡單明了的句子架構(gòu)將關(guān)鍵詞匯連結(jié)起來即可，不必追求如教科書中所用的一些過于復(fù)雜的句式和文雅的翻譯。畢竟，口譯不同于筆譯。當(dāng)然，國際關(guān)系和其他政治方面的詞句往往有固定翻譯，這些就只能背誦而沒有其他捷徑了。

最后，在口試考場上的表現(xiàn)也至關(guān)重要。聽聰聰老師講過，由于口試采取與考官面對(duì)面的方式，考官的主觀印象多少會(huì)影響到考試成績。所以在考試之前可以先準(zhǔn)備幾種比較精彩的句式或開頭，供口語部分套用，使考官一開始就對(duì)我們的英語水平留下較好印象。在口譯部分，表現(xiàn)得自信、反應(yīng)得迅速、翻譯得連貫非常重要。要盡量在錄音結(jié)束后3秒內(nèi)就開口翻譯，控制語速使自己在有限的規(guī)定時(shí)間內(nèi)把速記的內(nèi)容盡可能完全的表達(dá)出來。萬一遇到來不及記錄或一時(shí)回想不起所記符號(hào)含義時(shí)可以采取結(jié)合上下文猜測發(fā)揮的辦法，盡量使表達(dá)完整順暢。當(dāng)然，口譯的基礎(chǔ)還在于筆記，所以就必須在備考階段熟練掌握速記符號(hào)和技巧，并不斷通過訓(xùn)練培養(yǎng)筆記與腦記的協(xié)調(diào)。

以上是我新東方學(xué)習(xí)備考高口的一些經(jīng)驗(yàn)，希望能對(duì)廣大即將參加高口考試或有意向參加的同學(xué)有所幫助?，F(xiàn)在回想起自己從刻苦備戰(zhàn)到順利過關(guān)的這段高口旅途，我想說：有目標(biāo)，有毅力，有信心就會(huì)有成功！

第三篇：高口篇章閱讀答題秘訣

1．有舍有得

從題型上來看10道題中有的題型是比較容易拿分的，每篇文章都會(huì)有這幾種題型，希望同學(xué)們先保住著幾道題的分?jǐn)?shù)，10道題目里有7道題可以拿到較高的分?jǐn)?shù)，可見還是有很大

爭分空間的。

What is…? Please describe…這種題型往往是每篇文章的第一題，得分。因此這種題目要先做，保住分?jǐn)?shù)。

What is the attitude of sb….?這屬于作者態(tài)度題，多出現(xiàn)在議論文中，只要在文章中找到

人名，對(duì)觀點(diǎn)作出總結(jié)即可拿分。

Why did the author mention…at the beginning of the passage?這種提問方式我們做一下總

結(jié)，這屬于例子證明型題目，難度中等。在做題時(shí)首先要明確所有的例子都是為了證明中心和觀點(diǎn)，所以要重點(diǎn)關(guān)注“例子”前后句話，特別是有概括性的句子往往就是答案。

2．會(huì)的不求全

在這10道題目中有兩種題型難度是很大的：

Give a brief summary of…這種題型考察對(duì)原文信息的總結(jié)能力，答案往往橫跨2-3段，甚至4-5段，總體得分在2-3分之間，回答全面不容易，所以針對(duì)這種題型希望同學(xué)們抓中

心點(diǎn)，不求全，不要浪費(fèi)過多的時(shí)間。

Please paraphrase the sentence…句子釋義題，總的來說難度較大，得分率較低，兩極分

化現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重，一半考生只得1分，部分考生能拿3-4分。答題的技巧是：找到句子所在的段

落，找到所要paraphrase句子前后的意思。切忌脫離原文，主觀臆斷。

3．不會(huì)的不留空

What can be concluded from…這種題型屬于推斷題，考察考生在對(duì)文章理解的基礎(chǔ)之上

并作推斷的能力，也要擺個(gè)樣式，至少能得1分。有大約10%-20%的同學(xué)最后三道題都是空白，這會(huì)直接導(dǎo)

致扣分。就是寫上This sentence could be interpreted as….,只要寫完，這樣一句完整的話，1 分入賬。所以無論時(shí)間有多緊，都不要留空，而且答案盡量保持在3-4行，字跡工整漂亮很

沾光。

4.忌主觀臆斷，憑空概括回答

另一個(gè)解題技巧是忌主觀臆斷，憑空概括回答。提問問題所在的段落往往能找到答案，很多

考生繞了大彎子去說，結(jié)果費(fèi)力不討好，答不到點(diǎn)子上，所以如果文章中有現(xiàn)成的答案，盡

量不要費(fèi)力自己去說。

5”抄”

下一個(gè)同學(xué)們很關(guān)心的問題就是“照抄會(huì)扣分么？”按照考綱的要求照抄是要扣分的，據(jù)閱卷的經(jīng)驗(yàn)來說，照抄是不會(huì)扣分的，因?yàn)殚喚砝蠋熓种械拇鸢甘且浴瓣P(guān)鍵點(diǎn)”給出的，閱

卷時(shí)踩點(diǎn)給分。

師手中的答案的吻合，“抄”是必不可少的，而且閱卷老師也不會(huì)去看原文，或去分析你的答

案。在這種情況下，用自己的話去說，或靠自己的理解paraphrase往往還會(huì)失分。所以建議

大家找到定位就趕快抄，肯定句改為雙重否定句，把一些自己說不出來的詞替換掉等等。

希望參加2011年3月份高口考試的同學(xué)把1003、0909、0903和0809四套題的SAQ題目拿

出來，按照上面的套路仔細(xì)完成，熟悉了套路和文章結(jié)構(gòu)就可以做到以不變應(yīng)萬變，任何的題目都會(huì)應(yīng)對(duì)自如的。

真題解析：0909 高口SAQ

Questions 1-3

Disparaging comments by adults about a children?s presenter have led to an angry backlash in support of Cerrie Burnell, the 29-year-old CBeebies host who was born missing the lower section of her right arm.One man said that he would stop his daughter from watching the BBC children?s channel because Burnell would give his child nightmares.Parents even called the broadcaster to complain after Burnell, with Alex Winters, took over the channel?s popular Do and Discover slot and The Bedtime Hour programme last month, to complain about her disability.And some of the viiriolic comments on the “Grown Up” section of the channel?s website were so nasty that they had to be removed.“Is it just me, or does anyone else think the new woman presenter on CBeebies may scare the kids because of her disability?” wrote one adult on the CBeebies website.Other adults claimed that their children were asking difficult questions as a result.“I didn?t want to let my children watch the filler bits on The Bedtime Hour last night because I know it would have played on my eldest daughter?s mind and possibly caused sleep problems,” said one message.The BBC received nine other complaints by phone.While charities reacted angrily to the criticism of the children?s presenter, calling the comments disturbing, other parents and carers labeled the remarks as disgraceful, writing in support of Burnell and setting up a “fight disability prejudice” page on the social networking site Facebook.“I think that it is great that Cerrie is on CBeebies.She is an inspiration to children and we should not underestimate their ability to understand and accept that all of us have

differences—some visible and some not,” wrote “Surfergirlboosmum”.Other websites were flooded with equally supportive comments.“I feel we should all post counter complaints to the BBC and I?m sure they will receive more complaints about the fact they have even considered accepting these complaints,” wrote Scott Tostevin on Facebook.“It?s a disgrace that people still have such negative views against people who are ?different?”, he added.Burnell, who described her first television presenting role as a “dream job”, has also appeared in EastEnders and Holby City and has been feted for performances in the theatre while also worked as a teaching assistant at a special needs school in London.She also has a four-year-old child.“I think the negative comments from those few parents are indicative of a wider problem of disabled representation in the media as a whole, which is why it?s so important for there to be more disabled role models in every area of the media,” she said in response yesterday.“The support that I?ve received...has been truly heartening.It?s brilliant that parents are able to use me as a way of talking about disability with their children and for children who are similarly disabled to see what really is possible in life and for their worlds to be represented in such a positive, high profile manner.”

Charities said that much still needed to be done to change perceptions in society.“In some way it is a pretty sad commentary on the way society is now and that both parents and children see few examples of disabled people.The sooner children are exposed to disability in mainstream education the better,” said Mark Shrimpton at Radar, the UK?s largest disability campaigning organisation.“She is a role model for other disabled people.”

Rosemary Bolinger, a trustee at Scope, a charity for people with cerebral palsy, said: “It is disturbing that some parents have reacted in this way...Unfortunately disabled people are generally invisible in the media and wider society.”

【內(nèi)容概要】BBC著名兒童節(jié)目主持人Cerrie Burnell遭到許多孩子家長污蔑性的言論，甚

至有些言論過于尖刻，以致于網(wǎng)站不得不將其刪除。然而不全是反對(duì)聲，還有家長非常贊成與肯定Cerrie Burnell的能力，認(rèn)為他激勵(lì)了許多孩子，并為改善社會(huì)弱勢群體的處境做出

了自己最大的貢獻(xiàn)，使弱勢群體受到更多的關(guān)注與關(guān)心。

1.Who is Cerrie Burnell? Give a brief introduction of Cerrie Burnell.解析：此題為細(xì)節(jié)題。一般這類文章在一開始就會(huì)介紹文章的主人公，這篇文章就是這樣。

注意以下句子：Cerrie Burnell, the 29-year-old CBeebies host who was born missing the lower section of her right arm./ Parents even called the broadcaster to complain after Burnell, with Alex Winters, took over the channel?s popular Do and Discover slot and The Bedtime Hour programme last month./ She also has a four-year-old child.參考答案：Cerrie Burnell is a 29-year-old CBeebies host who was born disabled with her lower section of her right arm.She is a mother of a four-year-old child.She, together with Alex Winters, presided over the channel?s popular Do and Discover slot and The Bedtime Hour programme last month.She is now facing abusive comments from parents.2.What are the responses from parents and carers towards Cerrie Bumell? What is the reaction from charities to such criticism?

解析：本題的解題的關(guān)鍵在于理解哪些群體是非常支持肯定Cerrie Bumell的，哪些是非常

厭惡和討厭的。

Bumell進(jìn)行節(jié)目主持的，而charities是及其Cerrie Bumell這個(gè)人的，因?yàn)樗坏呛⒆觽兊陌駱?，關(guān)注。

參考答案：Parents and carers called the broadcaster to complain about her disability.Some complaints were so vitriolic and nasty that they had to be removed.While charities reacted angrily to the criticism of the children?s presenter, calling the comments disturbing, other parents and carers labelled the remarks as disgraceful, writing in support of Burnell and setting up a “fight disability prejudice” page on the social networking site Facebook.What is Cerrie Burnell?s own view about job as a television presenter?

解析：解答此題需要關(guān)注細(xì)節(jié)。Cerrie Burnell自己對(duì)于電視主持人的看法，需要從她自己的言語中才能得到體現(xiàn)。她有自己堅(jiān)定的信念，即使受到了那么多言語侮辱，但她并沒有過于

在意，群體的漠視所造成的。

參考答案：

her first television presenting role as a “dream job”.She thought the negative comments from those few parents are indicative of a wider problem of disabled representation in the media as a whole, which is why it?s so important for there to be more disabled role models in every area of the media.Questions 6-10（2010.03 中口閱讀）

Many trees in the Brackham area were brought down in the terrible storms that March.The town itself lost two great lime trees from the former market square.The disappearance of such prominent features had altered the appearance of the town centre entirely, to the annoyance of its more conservative inhabitants.Among the annoyed, under more normal circumstances, would have been Chief Inspector Douglas Pelham, head of the local police force.But at the height of that week?s storm, when the winds brought down even the mature walnut tree in his garden, Pelham had in fact been in no fit state to notice.A large and healthy man, he had for the first time in his life been seriously ill with an attack of bronchitis.When he first complained of an aching head and tightness in his chest, his wife, Molly, had tried to persuade him to go to the doctor.Convinced that the police force could not do without him, he had, as usual, ignored her and attempted to carry on working.Predictably, though he wouldn?t have listened to anyone who tried to tell him so, this has the effect of fogging his memory and shortening his temper.It was only when his colleague, Sergeant Lloyed, took the initiative and drove him to the doctor?s door that he finally gave in.By that time, he didn?t have the strength left to argue with her.In no time at all, she was taking him along to the chemist?s to get his prescribed antibiotics and then home to his unsurprised wife who sent him straight to bed.When Molly told him, on the Thursday morning, that the walnut tree had been brought down during the night, Pelham hadn?t been able to take it in.On Thursday evening, he had asked weakly about damage to the house, groaned thankfully when he heard there was none, and pulled the sheets over his head.It wasn?t until Saturday, when the antibiotics took effect, his temperature dropped and he got up, that he realised with a shock that the loss of the walnut tree had made a permanent difference to the appearance of the living-room.The Pelhams? large house stood in a sizeable garden.It had not come cheap, but even so Pelham had no regrets about buying it.The leafy garden had created an impression of privacy.Now, though, the storm had changed his outlook.Previously, the view from the living-room had featured the handsome walnut tree.This has not darkened the room because there was also a window on the opposite wall, but it had provided interesting patterns of light and shade that disguised the true state of the worn furniture that the family had brought with them from their previous house.With the tree gone, the room seemed cruelly bright, its worn furnishings exposed in all their

shabbiness.And the view from the window didn?t bear looking at.The tall house next door, previously hidden by the tree, was now there, dominating the outlook with its unattractive purple bricks and external pipes.It seemed to have a great many upstairs windows, all of them watching the Pelhams? every movement.“Doesn?t it look terrible?” Pelham croaked to his wife.But Molly, standing in the doorway, sounded more pleased than dismayed.“That?s what I?ve been telling you ever since we came here.We have to buy a new sofa, whatever it costs.” 【文章概述】

Inspector Douglas Pelham”。

Pelham展開。文章本身表意重描述，但出題一定更偏重表意背后的深意。所以出題多為推

斷題，從人物職業(yè)到人物性格到人物態(tài)度都有所涉獵。學(xué)生看文章的時(shí)候，要重細(xì)節(jié)，更重

透過細(xì)節(jié)需要我們推測的“畫外音”。

【參考答案】 6.A 7.B 8.D

9.B

10.D

【題目解析】

6.Why were some people in Brackham annoyed after the storm?(A)(A)The town looked different.(B)The police had done little to help.(C)No market could be held.(D)Fallen trees had not been removed.【定位】定位詞Brackham,因?yàn)橄乱活}中有明確定位在the third paragraph,根據(jù)中口出題順

序和行文順序保持一致的規(guī)律，可以判斷答案應(yīng)該在第一或第二段，而annoyed這個(gè)詞的要

留心在段落里可能會(huì)有相對(duì)應(yīng)派生詞的出現(xiàn)，由此可以發(fā)現(xiàn)答案出處在第一段最后一句： The disappearance of such prominent features had altered the appearance of the town centre entirely, to the annoyance(對(duì)應(yīng)題干中的annoyed)of its more conservative inhabitants.【判斷】選項(xiàng)主要信息點(diǎn)抓取A.town—different;B.police—helpless;C.market—cant be held;D.fallen trees—not removed.可以發(fā)現(xiàn)四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的著重點(diǎn)都不同，根據(jù)之前的定位，可以發(fā)

現(xiàn)句子里唯一出現(xiàn)的信息點(diǎn)只有town（alter=change，change意味不同）

7.What do we learn about Chief Inspector Pelham and his work, from the third paragraph?(B)(A)He found his work extremely annoying.(B)He was sure that he fulfilled a vital role in his work.(C)He considered the police systems not efficient.(D)He did not trust the decisions made by his superiors.【定位】的職業(yè)是警察。

not do without him, he had, as usual, ignored her and attempted to carry on working.【判斷】

work(vital=important);C.policy system—inefficient;D.he—decision—superiors；從定位的句

子里：convinced=for sure, could not do without him,表示肯定，與選項(xiàng)B吻合

8.When Inspector Pelham?s wife first told him about the walnut tree, he appeared to be __D_____.(A)worried(B)shocked(C)saddened(D)uninterested

【定位】定位詞：walnut tree(定位詞選擇：num.>A.>t.>n.),按照出題順序（上一題是定位第三段，本題的答案應(yīng)出現(xiàn)在之后的段落中首先出現(xiàn)walnut tree的地方）

When Molly told him, on the Thursday morning, that the walnut tree had been brought down during the night, Pelham hadn?t been able to take it in.【判斷】Pelham hadn?t been able to take it in是答案，take in: pay attention to and understand,所

以與not take in相吻合的答案只有D。

9.As a result of the storm, the Pelhams? living-room ___B____.(A)was pleasantly lighter(B)felt less private(C)had a better view(D)was in need of repair

【定位】定位詞：living-room(理由同上)，先定位到第7段，根據(jù)題干信息“as a result of the storm”,可見，答案的要求是暴風(fēng)雨以后，所以不是出自“previously”的第7段,而是在第8 段“with the tree gone”里

【判斷】

(負(fù))；章信息：bright與light對(duì)應(yīng)，cruelly與pleasantly不對(duì)應(yīng)；the view didn?t bear looking at,不是better view,而是“不堪入目”；而D選項(xiàng)相對(duì)應(yīng)句子：its worn furnishings

exposed in all their shabbiness只是告訴我們家具殘舊，是事實(shí)存在，并沒有因?yàn)楸╋L(fēng)雨需要

重新裝修；“all of them watching the Pelhams? every movement”與答案B相吻合

10.From what we learn of Inspector Pelham, he could best be described as ___D____.(A)open-minded(B)well-liked(C)warm-hearted(D)strong-willed 【判斷】此題為推斷題，判斷人物性格，從第8題的答案uninterested，和第7題的定位句

和出現(xiàn)過的信息點(diǎn)，唯一符合答案的只有D選項(xiàng)

第四篇：【高口資料】報(bào)刊英語關(guān)鍵詞匯

藝術(shù) · Art

1.abstract art : 抽象派藝術(shù)

A nonrepresentational style that emphasizes formal values over the representation of subject matter.強(qiáng)調(diào)形式至上，忽視內(nèi)容的一種非寫實(shí)主義繪畫風(fēng)格

Kandinsky produced abstract art characterized by imagery that had a musical quality.康定斯創(chuàng)作的抽象派作品有一種音樂美。

2.abstract expressionism : 抽象表現(xiàn)派；抽象表現(xiàn)主義

A nonrepresentational style that emphasizes emotion, strong color, and giving primacy to the act of painting.把繪畫本身作為目的，以表達(dá)情感和濃抹重涂為特點(diǎn)的非寫實(shí)主義風(fēng)格。Abstract expressionism was at its peak in the 1940s and 1950s.20世紀(jì)四五十年代是抽象表現(xiàn)藝術(shù)發(fā)展的頂峰時(shí)期。

3.action painting : 動(dòng)作畫派

A term used to describe aggressive methods of applying paint.指使畫布產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)烈動(dòng)作效果的繪畫風(fēng)格。

Action painting often looks childish to the non-artist because of the techniques used to apply paint, such as throwing it on the canvas.在外行看來，動(dòng)作派的作品通常是幼稚的，這主要是因?yàn)楫嫾也捎玫淖鳟嫹椒?，比如將顏料潑灑在畫布上?/p>

4.airbrush : 噴槍；氣筆

A nozzled tube used to apply paint in a spray form.一種將顏料噴成霧狀的噴嘴管。

The famous sexy robots in Japan are produced using an airbrush.那些性感的日本機(jī)器人就是用噴槍繪制成的。

5.art deco ：裝飾派藝術(shù)

A style dominant in the 1920s and 1930s, characterized by repetitive, ornamental, and highly finished curvilinear and geometric designs, esp.in synthetic materials such as plastics.盛行于20世紀(jì)二、三十年代的裝飾藝術(shù)和建筑藝術(shù)風(fēng)格，以重復(fù)的、裝飾精美的曲線和幾何圖案為特點(diǎn)國，多采用塑料等合成材料。

Mary attended high school in a building that was famous for art deco style of architecture.Mary就讀的中學(xué)以其裝飾派建筑而聞名。

6.art nouveau ：新藝術(shù)

A decorative style in which fluid, biomorphic lines and swirling motifs were emphasized.以曲折有致的天然生物形態(tài)為特色的裝飾性風(fēng)格。

Beardsley prints produced in the late 19th century are a good example of the style of art nouveau.19世紀(jì)末比樂茲利的作品是新藝術(shù)的典范。7.avent-garde : 先鋒派

Innovative art in advance of popular ideas and images, characterized by unorthodox and experimental method.不拘于現(xiàn)有的創(chuàng)作定式，勇于創(chuàng)新超前思維的藝術(shù)形式。The avant-garde home of the famous actress sold for millions.那位影星的先鋒派住宅賣出了幾百萬美元的好價(jià)錢。

8.Baroque ：巴羅克風(fēng)格

An emotional, dramatic style of the 16th-18th century, anticlassical in form and spirit.流行于16至18世紀(jì)，以情感強(qiáng)烈、鋪張浮華為特點(diǎn)的反古典主義的藝術(shù)風(fēng)格。Status and architecture from the Baroque have a dark, muscular, looming quality about them.巴羅克風(fēng)格的雕塑和建筑雄偉、高大、格調(diào)陰暗。

9.batik ：蠟防印花 Painting on wax-treated cloth.在蠟布上作的畫。

Susan learned about batik in college.蘇珊在讀大學(xué)時(shí)學(xué)過蠟防印花。

10.Bauhaus ：包豪斯建筑風(fēng)格

A design school that promoted functional and geometric elements in design.指包豪斯造型學(xué)院倡導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)實(shí)用和幾何學(xué)要素的建筑風(fēng)格。

Bauhaus school of design in Germany changed the way that the world thought about design.德國的包豪斯造型學(xué)院倡導(dǎo)的藝術(shù)改變了世人的既定設(shè)計(jì)思維模式。a

11.Byzantine ：拜占庭藝術(shù)風(fēng)格的

（adj.）A term used to describe a style of art with strong religious content.藝術(shù)風(fēng)格突出強(qiáng)烈宗教色彩的。

The Byzantine era extended from the 13th century and went into the 16th century and was characterized by art with religious influence.拜占庭式藝術(shù)始于13世紀(jì)，一直延續(xù)到16世紀(jì)，其主要特點(diǎn)是濃郁的宗教氣息。

12.calligraphy 書法藝術(shù)

Handwriting or penmanship, esp.elegant or “beautiful” writing as a decorative art.書寫的藝術(shù)，特別是優(yōu)雅漂亮可作裝飾的筆跡。

Calligraphy has practically become a lost art in today’s computerized society.在今天的電腦時(shí)代，書法藝術(shù)差不多要消亡了。

13.cartoon 草圖，底圖

A full-size, preliminary painting or sketch for a completed work.一部完整藝術(shù)作品的雛形。

Leonardo da Vinci’s cartoon of the Virgin Mary and Saint Anne hangs in the British National Gallery.達(dá)·芬奇的圣母馬麗亞和圣安妮畫像的草圖現(xiàn)存于英國國家美術(shù)館。14.ceramics(1)The art of making objects such as pottery or clay.(2)The objects themselves.陶器制作藝術(shù)；陶器制品。

Savannah enjoys making ceramic pottery.薩文喜歡做陶器。

15.collage ：拼貼藝術(shù)

A composition of found objects, newspaper, and cloth over other material on a single surface.把揀得的報(bào)紙、碎布等在畫面上粘貼成畫。

We used to make computer collages when I was in college by first pasting various items together and then using a video camera to transmit the image onto a computer screen.我們在大學(xué)時(shí)曾用電腦制作拼貼畫。其步驟是：首先，將各種材料粘在一起，然后用攝像機(jī)將圖像傳送到電腦上。

16.composition ：藝術(shù)作品

Aesthetically pleasing, harmonious, and effective arrangement of parts to form a whole.各部分和諧生動(dòng)、符合美學(xué)規(guī)律的作品。

Matisse used color and shapes and worked back and forth until he felt he had achieved a balanced composition.馬蒂斯反復(fù)調(diào)試色彩、構(gòu)思圖案，終于畫了一幅布局和諧的作品。

17.computer art 計(jì)算機(jī)藝術(shù)

Electronically produced images displayed on video screen.在屏幕上顯示運(yùn)用電子手段設(shè)計(jì)圖像的藝術(shù)。

Computer art become popular in the 1980s when computers started to become more available to the public.當(dāng)80年代個(gè)人電腦開始普及之后，計(jì)算機(jī)藝術(shù)也流行起來。

18.cubism ：立方主義；立體派

A style of art that departs from traditional reality, and emphasizes multifaceted, simultaneous views of subject and distorted perspectives.(early 20th century)20世紀(jì)初出現(xiàn)的一個(gè)藝術(shù)流派。它拋棄傳統(tǒng)現(xiàn)實(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)藝術(shù)作品的形體結(jié)構(gòu)，即同時(shí)性、多角度性及扭曲的視角。

Pablo Picasso played a principal role in the early movement of cubism.帕勃洛·畢加索在立體派早期發(fā)展中起首重要的推動(dòng)作用。

19.Dada ：達(dá)達(dá)主義

A style(1915-1925)with antirational approach and nihilistic, absurdist, and incongruous themes.流行于1915年至1925年間的藝術(shù)流派，其特點(diǎn)是反理性的創(chuàng)作手法和虛無、荒誕。矛盾的主題。Dadaism asked “what is art?” and used humor and shock value as communicative elements.達(dá)達(dá)主義設(shè)問“什么是藝術(shù)？”并用幽默和讓人震驚的色彩對(duì)比手法作答。

20.drawing ：素描 A picture, design, or sketch done with lines in pen or pencil.用鋼筆或鉛筆勾勒出的圖畫、圖案或?qū)懮鷪D。

The drawings of Michelangelo were recently exhibited in New York.米開朗基羅的素描最近在紐約展出。

21.expressionism ：表現(xiàn)主義

An early 20th-century style emphasizing emotional expression, strong color and composition, and a distorted, theatrical treatment of image.20世紀(jì)的一種藝術(shù)風(fēng)格，強(qiáng)調(diào)情緒的表現(xiàn)，以濃重的色彩、鮮明的構(gòu)圖，扭曲、夸張的形象處理為特點(diǎn)。

Professor Bryer will be giving a lecture on expressionism tonight.今晚布萊恩教授有一個(gè)關(guān)于表現(xiàn)主義的講座。

22.fresco ：溫壁畫技法；濕壁畫

A technique of painting directly on a wet, plaster surface.在潮濕的石膏表面上直接作畫。

We all marveled at the beauty of the 17th century fresco.23.funk art ：非理性藝術(shù)；惡臭藝術(shù)

A combination of painting and sculpture, deliberately messing and rough, often humorously depicting provocative subjects.(U.S., mid-20th century)20世紀(jì)中期出現(xiàn)在美國的一種藝術(shù)流派。故意雜亂無章、不加修飾的繪畫與雕塑的融合。多以幽默的方式描繪刺激性的場面。

Jeson has been collecting funk art since the mid 1960s.杰森從20世紀(jì)60年代中期就開始收集非理性藝術(shù)作品。

24.futurism ：未來主義

A style glorifying modern technology, speed, and the machine age.(Italy, early 20th century)頌揚(yáng)現(xiàn)代技術(shù)、速度和機(jī)器時(shí)代的創(chuàng)作風(fēng)格。起源于20世紀(jì)初的意大利。

Art from the era of futurism can be identified by a combination of machine elements, cubism, and motion.未來主義時(shí)期藝術(shù)的突出特點(diǎn)是機(jī)器法則、立方主義與運(yùn)動(dòng)機(jī)械的組合。

25.genre ：風(fēng)俗畫

A realistic depiction of scenes from everyday domestic life.日常家居生活的寫實(shí)畫。Who is your favorite genre painter? 你最喜歡的風(fēng)俗畫家是誰？

26.Gothic ：哥特風(fēng)格

A style that emphasizes Christian imagery, brilliant color, and strong verticality in composition.(12th – 16th century)以基督教題材、亮麗的色彩、明顯的垂直線條為特點(diǎn)的繪畫風(fēng)格。流行于12至16世紀(jì)。Jean dislikes Gothic art because it feels too religious.吉不喜歡哥特風(fēng)格的作品，因?yàn)樗鼈兊淖诮躺侍珴狻?/p>

27.gouache ：樹膠水彩顏料

An opaque watercolor bound with gum.由膠水調(diào)和的不透光水彩。

Do you like the quality of gouache in paintings? 你喜歡水彩畫嗎？

28.graphic arts ：平面造型藝術(shù)

Those visual arts that are linear in character, such as drawing and engraving, esp.those that involve printing and printmaking.平面視角藝術(shù)，特別是指與印刷業(yè)有關(guān)的素描、雕刻等。

The computer is now enabling anyone to produce and design and experiment with graphic art.計(jì)算機(jī)的出現(xiàn)使任何人都能制造、設(shè)計(jì)和試驗(yàn)平面視角藝術(shù)。

29.hard-edge ：鋒刃派繪畫的；硬邊畫的

(adj.)A style characterized by geometric abstraction, a flat picture plan, perfection of a surface, and graphic precision.（U.S., mid-20th century）

流行于20世紀(jì)中期的美國，以輪廓分明的幾何形體、精確的畫面為特點(diǎn)的抽象繪畫。Patrick Nagel’s hard-edge style of 80’s women became one of the strongest images in the 20th century.派特克·納哥爾的鋒刃派風(fēng)格的80年代婦女成了20世紀(jì)最具說明力的形象之一。

30.history painting ：歷史題材的繪畫

An academic depiction of scenes from mythology, history, or the Bible.以神話、歷史或圣經(jīng)為題材的傳統(tǒng)繪畫。

Temple Square in Salt Lake City has a visitor center filled with history paintings.鹽湖城的神殿廣場有一個(gè)觀光中心，里面存滿了歷史題材的繪畫作品。

31.hyperrealism ：高度寫實(shí)主義

An extension of photorealism in which depiction of subject is indistinguishable from reality.(late 20th century)20世紀(jì)末興起的一種繪畫流派。照相現(xiàn)實(shí)主義的延伸，強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)的臨摹。

The interesting aspect of hyperrealism is that it challenges the viewer to try to decide what is real and what isn’t.高度寫實(shí)主義繪畫很有意思的一點(diǎn)是，觀者很難判斷哪些是真實(shí)的，哪些是虛構(gòu)的。

32.impressionism ：印象主義，印象派

A style emphasizing the depiction of light and its effects, with the act of seeing as its primary subject.(France 19th century 強(qiáng)調(diào)繪畫中的光感，以視覺影象作為描繪對(duì)象。

Impressionism has long been one of the most popular art movements.Van Gogh’s impressionistic painting entitled “Dr.Gachet” was purchased for a world record $ 85 million by a Japanese investor.長期以來，印象主義一直是最具有影響力的藝術(shù)運(yùn)動(dòng)之一。凡高的印象派作品《蓋什醫(yī)生》被一名日本投資商以8500萬美元的天價(jià)購得。

33.Kakemono ：畫軸

A Japanese vertical scroll painting.日本的一種垂直式卷軸畫。

Debbie purchased several kakemono scrolls during her year as an exchange student in Japan.德比在日本做交換學(xué)生時(shí)買了幾卷畫軸。

34.kinetic art ：活動(dòng)藝術(shù)

Art characterized by the incorporation of painted and sculpted mechanical parts into an art piece that moves or creates the impression of movement.興起于20世紀(jì)中期的一種與機(jī)械學(xué)相結(jié)合的藝術(shù)，采用活動(dòng)部件，造成動(dòng)感效果的雕塑藝術(shù)。Kinetic art can be seen in front of many office buildings built during the 50’s and 60’s.在五、六十年代，辦公大樓前的雕塑多屬活動(dòng)藝術(shù)作品。

35.landscape ：風(fēng)景畫，山水畫

A depiction of natural land forms, sometimes allegorical.以自然風(fēng)景為主題，有時(shí)含有諷喻意義的作品。

Paula travels to New Mexico each summer to paint western landscapes.波拉每年夏天都去新墨西哥州畫西部風(fēng)景畫。

36.medium ：溶劑，調(diào)色劑，材料

A liquid in which pigment is mixed to form paint;a type of paint of coloring matter used in painting.繪畫用的調(diào)和顏料的液體；藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作所使用的材料。

It’s sometimes fun to look at a painting and try to figure out what medium the artist used.有時(shí)猜猜一部藝術(shù)作品所使用的材料很有意思。

37.Ming ：具有明代藝術(shù)特色的

(adj)Characteristic of a highly academic classicism, esp.in porcelains.(China, 14th –17th centuries)高度傳統(tǒng)古典主義傾向的，特別是指與14至17世紀(jì)中國明代瓷器有關(guān)的藝術(shù)。Dr.Franks is an expert on porcelains from the Ming dynasty.37.minimal art ：極簡抽象藝術(shù)；最小主義藝術(shù)

An abstract, simple, reductionist style with absence of all but basic formal elements and primary colors.(U.S.mid-20th century)美國20世紀(jì)中期興起的一種藝術(shù)流派，其特點(diǎn)是抽象、簡單、微縮，即把作品簡略到基本抽象成分。

Minimalism is characterized by space with very sparse design elements and helped launch the popular art slogan of “l(fā)ess is more.”

最小主義藝術(shù)的特征是稀疏的畫面，這一藝術(shù)促成了“簡即繁”的藝術(shù)口號(hào)。

38.modernism ：現(xiàn)代主義

A style that breaks with traditional art forms and searches for new modes of expression.一種新的、脫離傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)手法的表現(xiàn)形式。

Modernism became popular in the early part of the 20th century.現(xiàn)代主義在20世紀(jì)初開始流行起來。

39.mosaic ：馬賽克；鑲嵌工藝，鑲嵌畫

An illustration composed of small, colored stones or tiles set into cement.用五顏六色的小石子或瓦片在水泥板上鑲嵌面成的圖案。

The new mall in town features a giant mosaic over the main entrance way.在城里新建的林蔭道的主要入口處有一個(gè)巨大的鑲嵌畫。

（我覺得這句話應(yīng)譯成：城里新建的大型商場/購物中心的入口處有一巨幅鑲嵌畫。---southleaf）

40.mural ：壁畫；壁飾

A large-scale painting, usually on a wall or ceiling.通常掛在墻上或天花板上的巨幅畫。

The McMullen’s have a giant mural painting along the hallway in their home.麥克倫家的門廳里有一幅巨型壁畫。

41.neoclassicism ：新古典主義

A style modeled after proportion and restraint of Greek and Roman classical antiquity.(late 18th, early 19th century.)模仿和借鑒古希臘羅馬勻稱、莊重建筑風(fēng)格的藝術(shù)形式，盛行于18世紀(jì)末，19世紀(jì)初。We knew that Mr.Samuels was into neoclassicism by the way that he had his courtyard decorated with nude statues.42.new wave ：新浪潮

A combination of cartoon, graffiti, and performance art in a minimalist, unsophisticated style(late 20th century.)綜合漫畫、涂鴉和表演藝術(shù)的藝術(shù)形式，其風(fēng)格簡單自然。

There’s a new wave art show currently on exhibit up at the local college gallery.本地大學(xué)美術(shù)館正在舉辦一個(gè)新浪潮藝術(shù)作品展。

43.nude ：裸體畫，裸體像

The undraped human figure, sometimes allegorical.無遮蓋的人體畫像，有時(shí)具有諷喻意義。

The nude has always played a powerful role in art throughout the ages.在藝術(shù)領(lǐng)域，裸體畫一直占有重要地位。

44.oil paint ：油畫顏料；油漆

Pigment mixed with drying oil, exp.linseed oil.和亞麻油等干性油混制成的顏料。

You can buy a beginner’s set of oil paints for under $ 20.花不到20元，你就可以買到初學(xué)者所用的一套油畫顏料。

45.op art ：光效應(yīng)藝術(shù)，視覺藝術(shù) A style with graphic abstraction and pattern-oriented optical effects(mid-20th century)利用幾何圖形和色彩對(duì)比給人以模棱兩可的視幻覺藝術(shù)，起源于20世紀(jì)中期。

Riley and Vasarely are two noteable artists who made contributions in the illusory world of op art.瑞利和凡撒里這兩位著名的藝術(shù)家為夢幻般的光效應(yīng)藝術(shù)作出了貢獻(xiàn)。

46.performance art ：戲劇表演藝術(shù)

Use of paintings, sculpture, and video in live theatrical performance by the artist.(late 20th century)現(xiàn)場戲劇表演中藝術(shù)家摻入繪畫、雕塑和攝像等形式的綜合藝術(shù)。興起于20世紀(jì)末。We watched a program that featured performance art on TV last night.昨晚有一個(gè)電視節(jié)目介紹了表現(xiàn)派藝術(shù)。

47.pastel ：彩色粉筆畫

A crayon made of color ground with chalk and compounded with gum water into paste, often of pale color.粉筆作底色，用膠水調(diào)和色彩。色調(diào)淡雅。Degas is probably my favorite pastel artist.德加大概算是我最喜歡的彩色粉筆畫家了。

48.perspective ：透視畫法

A system of realistically depicting three-dimensional objects or views onto two-dimensional, flat surfaces through convergent lines and planes.以現(xiàn)實(shí)的手法，在兩維的平面上，利用線和面趨向會(huì)合的視錯(cuò)覺原理刻畫三維物體的藝術(shù)。Perspective illustration provides a three-dimensional view of objects or views.透視畫法提供了一個(gè)對(duì)物體或景色的三維視角。

49.pictograph ：象形文字；圖畫文字

A picture symbolizing an idea or object, used as an early form of writing.代表一個(gè)思想或物體的圖畫。屬早期的文字。

Three men were arrested for vandalizing ancient pictographs found I the canyons of southern Utah.50.pointillism ：點(diǎn)畫法；點(diǎn)彩派

Neo-impressionism characterized by the use of tiny, closely spaced dots or points of color that blend to produce a luminous quality.新印象主義畫法，用微小、密集的彩色點(diǎn)混合后產(chǎn)生一種奪目的效果。

The painting “Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte” by Seurat is probably the most famous work of pointillism.修拉的《在拉·格蘭德·加特島的一個(gè)星期天下午》大概是最有名的點(diǎn)彩派畫了。

51.pop art ：波普藝術(shù)

A style-making use of images from popular culture and commerce, often reproduced exactly.(mid-20th century)把精確復(fù)制大眾文化和商業(yè)中的形象作為一種藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作。起源于20世紀(jì)中期。

Roy Litchenstein, who helped start the movement in the 1950s, continues to rule the king of pop art into the 90s.早在50年代，羅耶·列克敦斯坦就參與發(fā)起波普藝術(shù)運(yùn)動(dòng)，直到90年代他依然是波普藝術(shù)的頂尖人物。

52.primitivism ：原始風(fēng)格

A style with an unsophisticated, pretechnological, simple approach to form and content.形式處理和內(nèi)容表現(xiàn)力求簡潔，避免復(fù)雜化或工藝手段的創(chuàng)作風(fēng)格。

The famous series of “cut-outs” by Henri Matisse are a good example of primitivism.亨利·馬蒂斯著名的《割斷》系列作品是原始主義流派的代表作之一。

53.realism ：現(xiàn)實(shí)主義風(fēng)格 Art that depicts reality as it appears.以寫實(shí)的手法描繪現(xiàn)實(shí)。

I am in awe when I view realism such as the landscapes painted by 17th century Dutch artist Jan Vemeeer.欣賞著17世紀(jì)荷蘭畫家楊·弗美爾的風(fēng)景畫，我被其中的現(xiàn)實(shí)主義風(fēng)格所震撼。

54.Renaissance ：文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期風(fēng)格的；文藝復(fù)興

(adj.)Art that is classical in form and content.(n.)revival of aesthetics of classical antiquity.(14th – 17th century)藝術(shù)作品的形式和內(nèi)容具有古典主義色彩的；從14世紀(jì)延續(xù)到17世紀(jì)的經(jīng)典傳統(tǒng)美學(xué)的復(fù)興。Renaissance art is still appreciated by artists of today.現(xiàn)在的藝術(shù)家仍然對(duì)文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期的藝術(shù)珍愛有加。

Much of the greatest art in the history of the world was produced during the Renaissance.世界藝術(shù)史上最偉大的作品很多是在文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期產(chǎn)生的。

55.rococo ：洛可可藝術(shù)的；洛可可式的

A style with ornamental, poetic, curvilinear forms and lyrical themes.融裝飾性、詩化的、曲線的形式和抒情主題為一體的藝術(shù)。Mrs.Mead is looking for a chair in rococo style.米德夫人想買一個(gè)洛可可式的椅子。

56.sculpture ：雕刻術(shù)；雕塑術(shù)

The art of carving wood, chiseling stone, casting or welding metal, molding clay or wax, etc.into three-dimensional representations, as statues, figures, forms, etc.通過對(duì)木頭、石頭進(jìn)行雕刻，對(duì)金屬加以鑄造、焊接，或?qū)δ?、蠟加工制成的三維雕塑作品。Mr.Rushmore which depicts images of 4 U.S.presidents in the Black Hills, South Dakota, is one of the most famous sculptures in America.在南達(dá)科他州布萊克山區(qū)的拉什莫爾山刻有四位美國總統(tǒng)的雕像。它們是美國最有名的雕塑之一。

57.self-portrait ：自畫像 A depiction of an artist’s own face 藝術(shù)家創(chuàng)作的自己的肖像畫。

Artist’s self-portraits are usually very sought-after works of art.人們總是樂于求購藝術(shù)家的自畫像。

58.still lift ：靜物畫

A realistic depiction of inanimate objects, esp.flowers, fruit, or domestic items.以寫實(shí)的手法描繪無生命的物體，比如花、水果、家什等。Cezanne is known for his unique still life paintings of apples.賽尚以獨(dú)具一格的蘋果靜物畫聞名遐邇。

59.surrealism ：超現(xiàn)實(shí)主義

A style using subconscious mental activity as its subject matter, characterized by dreamlike, hallucinatory imagery.將下意識(shí)的精神活動(dòng)作為描寫對(duì)象，多運(yùn)用夢幻意象的藝術(shù)形式。The artist Salvador Dali is synonymous with surrealism.藝術(shù)家薩爾瓦多·達(dá)利是超現(xiàn)實(shí)主義的同義詞。

60.Symbolism ：象征主義

A 19th century French movement that rejected realism and expressed subjective visions through evocative images.產(chǎn)生于19世紀(jì)的法國藝術(shù)運(yùn)動(dòng)。它摒棄現(xiàn)實(shí)主義手法，通過使人產(chǎn)生聯(lián)想的意像表達(dá)主觀感受。Great art most always incorporates symbolism.偉大的藝術(shù)幾乎總具有象征意義。

61.video art ：視頻藝術(shù)

The use of filmed or videotaped material display alone or with other media.(late 20th century)通過創(chuàng)造性地利用視頻技術(shù)產(chǎn)生可以在電視屏幕上觀看的一種藝術(shù)形式，產(chǎn)生于20世紀(jì)末。Video art has become a popular medium in today’s art, especially in collages.今天，視頻藝術(shù)已經(jīng)成為一種非常受歡迎的繪畫形式，特別是拼貼畫中。

62.watercolor ：水彩顏料；水彩畫

A paint which is mixed with water and used to create pictures;A picture which has been done with this type of paint.一種與水混合用來作畫的顏料；用這種顏料作的畫。My uncle did a beautiful watercolor of a sunset while in Mexico.我的叔叔在墨西哥時(shí)畫了一幅漂亮的日落水彩畫。

商業(yè)·Business

63.account ：財(cái)務(wù)帳；帳戶

A record of financial transactions kept in a ledger.在分類帳中保存的財(cái)務(wù)來往記錄。A bank account 銀行帳戶

A customer or client 顧客或客戶

Let’s check the account again.我們再查一遍帳。

How much is left in our bank account.銀行帳上還剩多少。

This firm is our best account.這家商行是我們最好的客戶。

64.accounting ：會(huì)計(jì)

A system and process of gathering and recording financial information that provides a continuous balance between assets and liabilities.收集和記錄財(cái)務(wù)住處的制度和過程，并據(jù)此不斷提供資產(chǎn)和負(fù)債之間的余額。You need to discuss that matter with the accounting department.你應(yīng)當(dāng)和財(cái)務(wù)部討論這個(gè)問題。

65.accumulation ：資本增益

An addition to capital investments or stock from profits.資本投資的收益或股分增值。

What kink of accumulation are you getting on the ABC stock? 你有ABC公司的股份有什么資本增益？

66.affluence ：富裕

The condition of substantial wealth and economic power.擁有雄厚財(cái)富和經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力的狀況。

Luxury cars are targeted towards the affluent segment of a population.豪華轎車是以人口中的富裕階層為銷售對(duì)象的。

67.affiliate ：成員，分公司

A business that contracts to work with another business.簽訂合同與另一公司合作的公司。

The ABC office supply company is one of our many affiliates.ABC辦公用品公司是我們眾多分公司的其中之一。

68.agenda ：日程表 A list of things to be done.要處理的事務(wù)清單

Could you please fax me a copy of tomorrow’s agenda? 能否將明天的日程表給我發(fā)個(gè)傳真？

69.agribusiness ：農(nóng)業(yè)綜合企業(yè)

The production and marketing of corps by large corporations as opposed to individual farms.由大集團(tuán)公司進(jìn)行的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)和銷售，與個(gè)體農(nóng)場主經(jīng)營方式相反。

John was forced into bankruptcy when he lost millions of dollars he had invested in a poor agribusiness venture.約翰在農(nóng)業(yè)綜合企業(yè)中投資不當(dāng)，損失了數(shù)百萬美元，被迫破產(chǎn)。

70.air-pocket stock ：氣穴股票 Stock that falls sharply on bad news.一有壞消息便急劇下跌的股票。

Company stock sometimes turns into air-pocket stock upon the news of the company’s CEO’s serious illness or death.一旦公司總裁病重或去世的消息傳出，其股票有時(shí)會(huì)變成氣穴股票。

71.annual report ：報(bào)告

A financial report produced by the management of a corporation for shareholders the end of fiscal year.在每個(gè)財(cái)政年末，由公司的資方向股東提供的財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)告。

72.asset ：資產(chǎn)

A possession that can be turned into cash to cover liabilities 能被轉(zhuǎn)化為現(xiàn)金以抵消債務(wù)的財(cái)物

We were forced to liquidate some of our assets to pay our debts.我們被迫變賣一些資產(chǎn)以償還債務(wù)。

73.automation ：自動(dòng)化

The replacement of human laborers with computers and self-regulating machines 用計(jì)算機(jī)和自動(dòng)化控制的機(jī)器來代替人力。

Automation in factories will continue to eliminate more and more jobs into the 21 century.到21世紀(jì)，工廠的自動(dòng)化將繼續(xù)削減更多的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。

74.balanced budget ：平衡預(yù)算

Spending that is equal to revenue, esp.in government.一個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)的開支和收入相等，特別指在政府方面

75.bankruptcy ：破產(chǎn)

The inability to pay one’s debts;legal insolvency 無力償還債務(wù)，法律上的資不抵債。

Many private companies are forced to declare bankruptcy when they begin to lose business to their competitors.許多私營企業(yè)在經(jīng)營上輸給其競爭對(duì)手時(shí)，不得不宣布破產(chǎn)。

76.big business ：大公司

A term used to describe large corporations, as opposed to small individually or family-owned business.大規(guī)模的股份有限責(zé)任公司，與私有或家庭經(jīng)營的小型企業(yè)相反。Darren wants to get into big business some day.77.Black Monday ：黑色星期一

October 19, 1987, when the Dow Jones Industrial Average fell a record 508 points in trading on the New York Stock Exchange.1987年10月19日，紐約股票交易所道·瓊斯工業(yè)股票平均指數(shù)狂跌創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄的508點(diǎn)。

78.blue chip stock ：熱門股票，績優(yōu)股，藍(lán)籌股

A term used to describe high-quality stocks of financially sound corporations 指財(cái)務(wù)上可靠的公司發(fā)行的高質(zhì)量股票。

Mr.Jeppson has a portfolio of nothing but blue chip stocks.杰普遜先生持有的有價(jià)證券里全部都是熱門股票。

79.bond ：債券

A security issued by a corporation or public body and carrying a fixed rate of interest 由公司或政府機(jī)構(gòu)發(fā)行的固有利率的有價(jià)債券。What’s the interest rate on these bonds? 這些債券的利率是多少？

80.boom ：繁榮

A period of great economic activity and business expansion(企業(yè)等)經(jīng)濟(jì)非?；钴S，經(jīng)營擴(kuò)張的時(shí)期。

The soft drink business always booms in the summertime.飲料業(yè)在夏天總是興旺繁榮。

81.boondoggle ：無效的投資 A wasteful business venture 不見回報(bào)的經(jīng)營投機(jī)

Our investment in water softeners was a boondoggle.我們在水軟化器上的投資打了水漂。82.bottom line ：最終結(jié)果 The final result or ultimate objective 最終的結(jié)果或目標(biāo)

What’s the bottom line of your proposal? 你的建議要達(dá)到的最終目標(biāo)是什么？

83.boycott ：抵制

The refusal to purchase the products of an individual, corporation, or nation as a way to bring social and political pressure for change.拒絕購買某一個(gè)人、公司或國家的產(chǎn)品，作為施加社會(huì)、政治壓力，促進(jìn)其改變政策的一種手段。Americans boycotted tuna several years ago until tuna companies guaranteed that they weren’t catching dolphins in their tuna nets.幾年前美國人抵制金槍魚，直至金槍魚公司保證在捕撈金槍魚時(shí)放掉海豚。

84.budget ：預(yù)算

A plan of expenditures based on anticipated revenues.根據(jù)估算的收入而制訂的開支計(jì)劃。How much do we have left in our budget? 我們的預(yù)算還剩多少？ 85.business cycle ：景氣周期

Periodic rise and fall in economic activity 經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)中周期性的漲落。

U.S.retailers see the same basic business cycle every year and typically do most of their business during the Christmas season.美國零售商們每年都經(jīng)歷相同的景氣周期。通常情況下，他們大部分生產(chǎn)都是在圣誕節(jié)期間做的。

86.bust ：崩潰

An informal term referring to a financial or economic collapse 非正式用語，指金融或經(jīng)濟(jì)上破產(chǎn)。The economy is currently in a bust.目前經(jīng)濟(jì)處于崩潰之中。

87.buying power ：購買力 Purchasing power 購買商品的能力。

The buying power of the dollar has steadily declined during the last twenty-five years.在過去的25年里，美元的購買力持續(xù)下降。

88.capital ：資本

Money, assets, or property used as a means of production or for investment 可以用作生產(chǎn)或投資手段的金錢、資產(chǎn)或財(cái)物。

Some futurists claim that human capital is a company’s greatest asset.一些未來學(xué)家聲稱公司的人力資本是其最大的資產(chǎn)。

89.capitalism ：資本主義

An economic system based on private ownership and profit incentive 建立在私有制和利潤刺激基礎(chǔ)上的一種經(jīng)濟(jì)制度。

People in some countries don’t really understand the system of capitalism.一些國家的人們并不真正理解資本主義制度。

90.cash cow ：搖錢樹

An informal term for a business with a dependable source of income 非正式用語。指收入來源可靠的生意。

This product has always been a cash cow for our company.這種產(chǎn)品一直是我們公司的搖錢樹。

91.cash flow ：現(xiàn)金流通

Fluctuations in a company’s cash position 公司現(xiàn)金形勢的波動(dòng)情況。

Our company is currently having a cash flow problem.92.CEO ：總裁，總經(jīng)理

An acronym for “chief executive officer”.The highest executive officer of a company.“chief executive officer”的縮略詞。指公司的最高行政長官。

Advertisers are using CEO’s more frequently in their company’s commercials because studies show that people trust and admire leaders.廣告商們在廣告片中越來越多地利用總裁的形象，因?yàn)檠芯勘砻?，人們相信、崇拜領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。

93.Chapter 11 ：破產(chǎn)條款

A bankruptcy code section that applies to a corporation going out of business which may require restructuring.破產(chǎn)法的部分章節(jié)，適用于需要重組的倒閉公司。

Rumors are spreading that one of the big movie companies is filing a chapter 11.有謠言說一家大的電影公司正申請破產(chǎn)。

94.commercialism ：重商主義，商業(yè)行為

The practice and spirit of business in which the making of profits is emphasized.商業(yè)做法和精神，強(qiáng)調(diào)利潤的追求。

Many American dislike the commercialism that is associated with Christmas.95.competition ：競爭

The rivalry between similar businesses for customers or clients.經(jīng)營產(chǎn)品相近的廠商間爭奪顧客或客戶的斗爭。

Competition in business is good because it generally results in better quality and lower prices for consumers.商業(yè)競爭中是好事，它可以為消費(fèi)者帶來更好的質(zhì)量和更低的價(jià)格。

96.conglomerate ：集團(tuán)公司，聯(lián)合大企業(yè)

A corporation made up several companies that produce large quantities of output in a variety of industries.諸多產(chǎn)業(yè)中，由幾家公司組成的股份公司，大量生產(chǎn)各種產(chǎn)品。Proctor & Gamble is a large personal product conglomerate.寶潔公司是一家生產(chǎn)個(gè)人衛(wèi)生用品的大集團(tuán)公司。

97.consumerism ：（1）消費(fèi)；（2）消費(fèi)者權(quán)益運(yùn)動(dòng) The consumption of goods and service.商品和服務(wù)的耗費(fèi)

Inflation always hurts consumerism.通貨膨脹總是打擊消費(fèi)。

The protection of consumers form poor products or misleading claims.保護(hù)消費(fèi)者免受劣質(zhì)產(chǎn)品和誤導(dǎo)性廣告的侵害。

The U.S.Food and Drug administration tries to regulate consumerism.美國食品和醫(yī)藥管理局想規(guī)范消費(fèi)者權(quán)益運(yùn)動(dòng)。

98.consumer price index ：消費(fèi)品價(jià)格指數(shù)

A measure of the fluctuation in prices of common consumer goods and services over a fixed time period.在一定時(shí)期內(nèi)衡量常用消費(fèi)品和服務(wù)價(jià)格波動(dòng)情況的一種尺度。

The consumer price index is a good reference tool to use in order to learn how much the price of a specific item has changed over the last several years.想了解某一特定商品在過去幾年內(nèi)的價(jià)格變化情況，消費(fèi)品價(jià)格指數(shù)是一個(gè)很好的工具。

99.corporate ladder ：公司的官階

A series of steps in the organizational hierarchy of a company.公司組織等級(jí)制度中的一系列晉升階梯。

Climbing the corporate ladder is not as popular as it used to be.走公司的晉升之道不象以前那樣有吸引力了。

100.corporate raider ：強(qiáng)行收購

A person, company, etc.that attempts to take over another company, exp.by buying up the stock of the target company.個(gè)人或公司通常以全部買下其看準(zhǔn)的公司的股份而吞并該公司。

101.cost cutting ：削減成本

A reactive measure taken by companies esp.in hard times, in order to save money by eliminating waste or unnecessary spending.公司采取的應(yīng)付措施，特別是在困難時(shí)期，通過減少浪費(fèi)和不必要的開支來節(jié)省資金。Companies in the 90s have been implementing a lot of cost cutting in order to become more efficient and competitive.為了提高效率和競爭力，許多公司在90年代一直在實(shí)施削減成本的各種措施。

102.cost of living ：生活費(fèi)用

The average cost for the basic necessities of life 支付基本生活必需品的平均花費(fèi)。

Many employees expect a yearly cost of living increase in their paychecks.很多雇員希望其工資的生活費(fèi)用部分每年都有增長。

103.creeping inflation ：輕度通貨膨脹

The barely noticeable but persistent increase in prices.物價(jià)不斷上漲，但因漲幅很小而不為人注意。

Creeping inflation continues to spread throughout the economy in the 1990s.90年代輕度通貨膨脹一直波及經(jīng)濟(jì)生活

104.decline ：萎縮，下降

A period of reduced business activity.經(jīng)營活動(dòng)下降的時(shí)期。

College students are not happy about the decline of job opportunities waiting for them when they graduate.大學(xué)生們對(duì)其畢業(yè)后就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)的減少感到憂心忡忡。105.deficit ：赤字

A budget imbalance in which expenditures exceed income.支出超過收入的預(yù)算失衡

Our company ran a deficit for the first three years before we started to make any profit.我們公司在開始贏利前的頭三年中都是虧損經(jīng)營。

106.deflation ：通貨緊縮

A decrease in the money supply, causing a sharp fall in prices.貨幣供應(yīng)的減少，導(dǎo)致物價(jià)的急劇下降。Consumers are always motivated by deflation.通貨緊縮往往能刺激消費(fèi)者的購買欲。

107.demand ：需求

The desire and ability of consumers to purchase goods and services.消費(fèi)者購買商品和服務(wù)的能力。

Marketers and advertisers are always looking for new ways to create demand for their client’s products.營銷商和廣告商總是在尋找新的途徑以創(chuàng)造其客戶對(duì)產(chǎn)品的需求。

108.depression ：蕭條

A severe, extended period of decline in business activity.商業(yè)活動(dòng)嚴(yán)重減少并且長時(shí)間沒有好轉(zhuǎn)。

Many older Americans remember the great depression of the 1930s.許多上了年紀(jì)的美國人對(duì)三十年代的大蕭條仍記憶猶新。

109.deregulation ：撤消管制

A gradual removal of government control over business.政府逐步撤消對(duì)經(jīng)營活動(dòng)的控制。

Most business and industries approve of deregulation from government control.大多數(shù)公司和產(chǎn)業(yè)贊成政府撤消管制。

110.distribution ：商品流通 The marketing of merchandising.商品的營銷。

If a product doesn’t have good distribution, it won’t sell.商品流通如果不暢就賣不出去。

111.diversification ：經(jīng)營多樣化

The act of expanding business by increasing the number of goods produced or the number of services offered.通過增加產(chǎn)品品種和服務(wù)項(xiàng)目來擴(kuò)展經(jīng)營業(yè)務(wù)。

Many fast food businesses are diversifying in an attempt to capture more customers form their competitors.許多快餐企業(yè)正實(shí)行經(jīng)營多樣化，力圖從其競爭對(duì)手手中奪取更多的顧客。112.dumping ：傾銷

The act of selling goods below cost to other nations to eliminate surpluses or offset competition.以低于成本的價(jià)格向其他國家銷售產(chǎn)品以減少過剩產(chǎn)品，引發(fā)競爭。The U.S.has accused Japan of dumping mini-vans here in American.美國控告日本在美國傾銷小型貨車。

113.economics ：經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)

The study of wealth and its creation, distribution, and consumption.形容財(cái)富及其創(chuàng)造、分配和消費(fèi)的科學(xué)。Susan is majoring in economics at Harvard.蘇珊在哈佛攻讀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)專業(yè)。

114.economy ：經(jīng)濟(jì)

The organization of social and political institutions and business for production.社會(huì)及政治機(jī)構(gòu)的組織以及以生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營為目的的企業(yè)組織。National leaders must always worry about the state of the economy.國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人必須一直為經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況操心。

115.Fortune 500 ：《財(cái)富》500家公司

A list of the 500 largest American corporations published annually by “Fortune” magazine.由《財(cái)富》雜志每年公布的全美國最大的500家公司。Who are the top 10 companies on the Fortune 500 list? 在《財(cái)富》500家公司中，前10名是哪些？

116.franchise ：經(jīng)銷權(quán)，連鎖店

A contract or license permitting a regional distributor to use the name and sell products of another company.地區(qū)分銷商得到其他公司的合同或許可證，有權(quán)使用其名稱并銷售其產(chǎn)品。Clancy is opening a new McDonald’s franchise in London.克蘭西在倫敦開了一家麥當(dāng)勞連鎖店。

117.freeze ：凍結(jié)

The fixing of some economic factor, such as prices, employment, spending, etc.停止一些經(jīng)濟(jì)因素的變動(dòng)，如價(jià)格、就業(yè)、開支等。The government caused a price freeze at the gas pumps.政府凍結(jié)了汽油泵的價(jià)格。

118.full employment ：充分就業(yè)

An economic condition in which unemployment is deemed minimal and acceptable, usually under six percent.失業(yè)率處于可接受的最小值，常常是６％以下的經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢。

The condition of full employment is something that most countries rarely achieve.充分就業(yè)是大多數(shù)國家很少取得的經(jīng)濟(jì)局面。119.glamour stock ：熱門股票

A stock in a new or rapidly developing industry that tends to rise quickly in price.新興且發(fā)展迅速的產(chǎn)業(yè)所發(fā)行的股票，有迅速升值的趨勢。

John specializes in buying glamour stock, particular in media, and entertainment companies.約翰專門購買由傳媒、娛樂公司發(fā)行的熱門股票。

120.glas ceiling ：性別障礙，玻璃天花板

A term used to describe an invisible barrier that prevents women from entering the ranks of senior-level management.指阻止女性進(jìn)入高級(jí)管理階層的一種無形障礙。

Many women in the 90s are protesting the glass ceiling that bars them form upper management in large corporation.90年代，許多婦女抗議阻止她們進(jìn)入大公司高級(jí)管理階層的性別障礙。

121.global economy ：全球經(jīng)濟(jì)

Worldwide trade, travel, competition, etc.世界范圍內(nèi)的貿(mào)易、旅游、競爭等。

Companies in the 1990s are thinking globally in order to stay competitive in the new global economy.為在新的全球經(jīng)濟(jì)中保持競爭力，90年代的公司都從全球的角度考慮問題。

122.GNP ：國民生產(chǎn)總值

An abbr.For “gross national product.” The total annual monetary value of all goods, services, and products sold on markets of national economy.“gross national product” 的縮寫詞，指在國民經(jīng)濟(jì)市場上銷售的所有商品、服務(wù)和產(chǎn)品的貨幣總值。

What was Japan’s GNP in 1987? 1987年日本的國民生產(chǎn)總值是多少？

123.golden parachute ：高額離職補(bǔ)貼

A substantial compensation given to top executives as a severance bonus when they are terminated from the positions in the event of a corporate merger or takeover.在發(fā)生合并或兼并的情況下，公司高層行政領(lǐng)導(dǎo)離開其職位時(shí)所獲得的豐厚補(bǔ)償，作為高額離職補(bǔ)助金。

CEOs typically receive a golden parachute when their companies are seized in a hostile takeover.公司被他方惡意接管時(shí)，通常情況下總裁們都會(huì)得到高額的離職補(bǔ)貼。

124.gray market ：灰色市場

A market in which scare goods such as computer chips are traded at above-market prices through irregular channels or by methods not illegal but usually not considered ethical.以高于正常市場價(jià)格來銷售稀缺商品如電腦芯片的市場。這種交易通常以非正常渠道進(jìn)行，手段雖不犯法但也不被認(rèn)為是合乎道德的。

Our company is losing a lot of money to similar products being sold on the gray market.由于類似產(chǎn)品在灰色市場上銷售，我們公司損失很大。125.greenmail ：綠票欺詐

The purchase, usually in secret, of a large block of a company’s stock, thereby signaling a possible takeover attempt, and ultimately forcing the company to try to thwart the attempt by buying back its stock at a much higher price.秘密購買一公司的大部分股票，以此暗示可能進(jìn)行接管，最終迫使該公司為挫敗對(duì)方的企圖，不得不以高出很多的價(jià)格買回股份。

The ABC company found themselves a victim of greenmail when they realized they had bought back their stock at a much higher price.當(dāng)ABC公司以高得多的價(jià)格買回自己的股份時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)本公司成了綠票欺詐的受害者。

126.hardball ：商場上的殺手锏，動(dòng)真格

Slang for highly competitive or ruthless business practices.俚語，指生意上極具競爭力或冷酷無情的做法。

Our competitors are using tactics that indicate that they want to play hardball.我們的競爭對(duì)手所用的戰(zhàn)術(shù)表明他們要?jiǎng)诱娓窳恕?/p>

127.hostile takeover ：敵意接管

The act of taking control of a company by buying up enough of its stock t gain a controlling interest.通過購買足夠股份從而獲得控股權(quán)的辦法來接管一家公司。Last year the small airline company was bought up in a hostile takeover.去年這家小航空公司在一次敵意接管中被收購。

128.hyperinflation ：高通脹

Rapid inflation and major shortages caused by panic buying.迅猛的通貨膨脹和搶購造成嚴(yán)重的商品短缺。

The fear of sudden natural disaster caused hyperinflation to occur in certain food markets because of panic buying by the public.由于擔(dān)心自然災(zāi)害會(huì)突然降臨，公眾瘋狂搶購，導(dǎo)致了一些食品市場的高通脹。

129.inflation ：通貨膨脹

A sustained rise in the price of goods and services.商品和服務(wù)的價(jià)格持續(xù)上漲。

Has the rate of inflation dropped in the last six months? 在過去的６個(gè)月里通貨膨脹率下降了嗎？

130.junk bond ：風(fēng)險(xiǎn)債券，垃圾債券

A slang term for a high-risk bond that offers a high return but is considered to have a dubious backing.俚語。指高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高回報(bào)的債券，但被認(rèn)為有可疑的背景支持。

Michael Milken will always be synonymous with the term ”junk bond king.” 邁克爾·米爾肯總是“風(fēng)險(xiǎn)債券之王”的同義詞。

131.labor-intensive ：勞動(dòng)密集型的

(adj.)A term used to describe production that uses more labor than capital.運(yùn)用人力多于資本的生產(chǎn)。

The parts are very labor-intensive which makes them very expensive.零件是用密集勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)出來的，這樣價(jià)格就很貴。

132.leveraged buyout(LBO)：舉債收購

A procedure by which an investor borrows money to purchase enough of a company’s assets to gain a controlling interest, using the assets of the targeted firm as collateral.投資者以收購對(duì)象的資產(chǎn)作擔(dān)保，借錢來收購該公司的足夠資產(chǎn)以獲得控股權(quán)的過程。Sometimes a smaller company will use the technique of a leveraged buyout to takeover another company.有時(shí)候小公司可以用舉債收購的手段來接管另一家公司。

133.macroeconomics ：宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)

An economic branch dealing with broad aspects of the economy, esp.factors on a national level.經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的分支，研究經(jīng)濟(jì)的宏觀方面，尤其是國家層次上的因素。Mr.Samuels is an expert in macroeconomics.塞謬爾斯先生是位宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)專家。

134.market share ：市場份額

A percentage of total sales within a specific market by one company.一公司產(chǎn)品的銷售總額在某一特定商品市場上所占的百分比。

The kelloggs company has over 50 percent of the market share for breakfast cereals 克洛格公司在早餐粥市場上占有超過50％以上的份額。

135.mass production ：大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)

The manufacturing of goods in large quantities using standardized parts and assembly lines.利用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)零件和生產(chǎn)線大批量生產(chǎn)商品

Mass production allows a lot of people to enjoy a particular product at a more reasonable price.大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)使得很多人能以更為便宜的價(jià)格享用某種產(chǎn)品。

136.microeconomics ：微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)

The branch of economics that deals with single units of production and consumption.經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的分支，研究生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)的單個(gè)單位。

Microeconomics in the future will lead to more customization and specialization of products for consumers.在未來微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)會(huì)導(dǎo)致產(chǎn)品的專業(yè)化和客戶化以方便顧客。

137.mogul ：商業(yè)巨頭

Informal.A rich and powerful person in business or industry.非正式用語。商業(yè)或產(chǎn)業(yè)界的富有且勢力大的人物。

We watched a television interview of an entertainment mogul who had amassed a fortune of over $ 100 million.我們收看了一段電視訪談，采訪對(duì)象是一位擁有一億多美元資產(chǎn)的娛樂業(yè)巨頭。

138.mommy track ：母親路線 A career path in which a woman declines rapid advancement in order to spend time with her family.女性的職業(yè)模式。指女性不愿晉升過快，以便有更多時(shí)間和家人相處。

Millions of women in the 1990s are choosing the mommy track over climbing the corporate ladder.90年代，數(shù)以百萬計(jì)的婦女寧愿走母親路線也不愿攀登公司的官階。

139.monopoly ：壟斷

A domination of the market by a single company.由單一公司統(tǒng)治市場的局面。

The breakup of monopolies creates competition, which leads to better quality and lower prices for the public.打破壟斷可以產(chǎn)生競爭，這會(huì)給公眾帶來更好的質(zhì)量和更低的價(jià)格。

140.oligopoly ：寡頭壟斷

A market condition in which there are few sellers, enabling them to influence price and other factors.少數(shù)商家占有市場，因此他們可以操縱價(jià)格和其他因素。

The U.S.auto industry is an oligopoly, because there are only three main producers.美國汽車工業(yè)是寡頭壟斷的行業(yè)，因?yàn)橹挥?家主安生產(chǎn)商。

141.Pac Man defense ：帕克曼防衛(wèi)

An attempt to prevent a hostile takeover in which a targeted company bids to take over the hostile firm.被定為兼并對(duì)象的公司通過出價(jià)收購敵對(duì)公司，從而阻止其惡意收購。

The out-throat 1980s made strategies like Pac Man defense essential to companies who wanted to survive a hostile takeover.在競爭殘酷無情的80年代，對(duì)于那些希望躲過惡意兼并的公司來說，帕克曼防衛(wèi)之類的戰(zhàn)略手段太重要了。

142.Paper profit ：紙上盈利

An unrealized profit due to appreciation in value of something owned but not yet sold.對(duì)擁有的某種商品進(jìn)行估價(jià)而計(jì)算出來的利潤，因?yàn)樯唐窙]有出手，利潤尚未實(shí)現(xiàn)。Jack’s business showed a paper profit last year simply due to the appreciation.因?yàn)樵u(píng)估了公司的所有的資產(chǎn)，去年杰克的生意才有紙上盈利。

143.paradigm shift ：改組

A term by a CEO to inform his company that there will be major changes made.公司總裁通知公司上下將有重大變化時(shí)所用的詞。

The CEO of a major computer software manufacture announced a paradigm shift to his executives today.一家大型軟件生產(chǎn)商的總裁今天宣布要對(duì)其管理人員進(jìn)行改組。

144.Peter Principle ：彼得原則

A statement that every employee in a hierarchy tends to rise to the level of his or her incompetence.一種認(rèn)為在等級(jí)森嚴(yán)的公司里，每個(gè)職員都想升到其無法勝任的位置的說法。The term “Peter Principle” has become quite popular among the American work force.在美國的勞動(dòng)力大軍里，?？陕牭健北说迷瓌t”這個(gè)術(shù)語。

145.poison pill ：反兼并手段，毒丸

Any of various methods devised by a company to thwart a hostile takeover attempt, such as by issuing new stock or instituting a generous package of employee benefits, which would prove costly to a potential acquirer.公司為挫敗敵意兼并所采取的各式各樣的方法，如發(fā)行新股票，為雇員制定慷慨的福利計(jì)劃。這會(huì)使?jié)撛诘募娌⒄吒械酱鷥r(jià)昂貴而放棄兼并。

146.power lunch ：事務(wù)餐

A business lunch where food is an afterthought to intense dealmaking and negotiation.在工作午餐上，忙于緊張的交易和談判而顧不上吃飯。

We’re discussing the possibilities of a company merger over a power lunch this afternoon.今天下午我們在事務(wù)餐上討論了公司合并的可能性。

147.productivity ：生產(chǎn)力

A measure of ability to produce output from given input 一定投入得到產(chǎn)出的能力的衡量尺度。

Productivity at the XYZ company was up slightly this month over last.XYZ公司本月的生產(chǎn)比上月略有提高。

148.quality control ：質(zhì)量管理

Techniques used to eliminate defective products or to improve performance standards and practices.采用技術(shù)以消除次品，或提高經(jīng)營水平。

No company can afford to neglect quality control if they wish to remain competitive in the new global economy.任何一家公司要想在新的全球經(jīng)濟(jì)中保持競爭力，就不得不重視質(zhì)量管理。

149.raw goods ：原材料商品

Materials gathered in original state from nature for use in production.源于自然，收購來用于生產(chǎn)的原始材料。

Knowledge and information are becoming the most valuable assets to a company while raw goods are becoming less and less valuable.知識(shí)和信息正成為公司最有價(jià)值的資產(chǎn)，而原材料商品的價(jià)值越來越低。

150.recession ：衰退

A period of no growth in the national economy for at least six months.國民經(jīng)濟(jì)在至少6個(gè)月的時(shí)間里沒有任何增長。

A recession is characterized by a decreased demand for goods, increased unemployment, and decline in the gross national product.衰退的特點(diǎn)是需求下降，失業(yè)增加，國民生產(chǎn)總值減少。

151.recovery ：復(fù)蘇

An increase in business activity following a recession or depression.在經(jīng)歷衰退或蕭條之后出現(xiàn)的經(jīng)營活動(dòng)的增加。

Economists often disagree on whether the U.S.is in a recovery or not.經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家們對(duì)美國經(jīng)濟(jì)是否已經(jīng)復(fù)蘇看法不一。

152.sanction ：制載

Coercive economic restrictions placed on one nation by another.一國施加給另一國的強(qiáng)制性經(jīng)濟(jì)限制。

The two superpowers are currently negotiating trade sanctions.兩個(gè)超級(jí)大國目前正就貿(mào)易制載進(jìn)行談判。

153.service economy ：服務(wù)經(jīng)濟(jì)

An economy that emphasizes services over industrial production.強(qiáng)調(diào)服務(wù)甚于工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)。

You can enjoy almost anything you want in today’s service economy.在今天的服務(wù)經(jīng)濟(jì)中，你可以享受到幾乎任何形式的服務(wù)。

154.slump ：疲軟

A decline in business activity.經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)的減少。

The car industry has been in a slump since the beginning of the year.汽車工業(yè)從年初起就一直疲軟。

155.smokestack industry ：濃煙工業(yè)

A term that refers to heavy manufacturing, such as steel or automobile manufacturing.指重工業(yè)，如鋼鐵和汽車制造業(yè)。

Information and entertainment is replacing the smokestack industry as the new major methods of creating wealth in the economy.信息和娛樂業(yè)正代替濃煙工業(yè)，在經(jīng)濟(jì)中充當(dāng)創(chuàng)造財(cái)富的新型手段。

156.socioeconomic ：社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的

A term used to describe the connection of social and economic factors.用以描述社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)因素的聯(lián)系。

The study of socioeconomic factors is important in order to understand various groups within society.要了解社會(huì)的各個(gè)群體，必須研究社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的種種因素。

157.stagflation ：滯脹

A term that combines inflation and stagnation.A condition when inflation and high unemployment occurring together.“通脹”和”停滯”結(jié)合而成的術(shù)語，指通貨膨脹與高失業(yè)率并存的局面。Stagflation is a very unpopular buzz word in the business world.滯脹是商界不受歡迎的時(shí)髦詞語。

158.stock exchange ：股票交易所

A market where securities are traded, such as the New York Stock Exchange.進(jìn)行證券交易的市場，如紐約股票交易所。

My friends works at the New York Stock Exchange.我的朋友在紐約股票交易所工作。

159.stock market ：（1）股市；（2）股市行情 A market in which stocks are bought and sold.股票買賣的地方。

The general condition of the sale of securities in a corporation.一家公司的證券銷售情況。

The Wall Street Journal gives a daily report of the stock market.《華爾街日報(bào)》每天報(bào)告股市行情。

160.supply and demand ：供需

A basic economic law stating that as the price of a good increase, suppliers will be willing to produce more but consumers will demand less, so that price and quantity are both interrelated.一條經(jīng)濟(jì)基本法則，即商品價(jià)格上漲時(shí)，生產(chǎn)商愿意擴(kuò)大生產(chǎn)，但消費(fèi)者的需求下降，這樣價(jià)格和數(shù)量相互制約。

All products must follow the laws of supply and demand.所有的產(chǎn)品都必須遵守供求法則。

161.surplus ：過剩

A situation in which the supply of goods exceeds the demand, esp.at a given price.特別是以一定價(jià)格銷售的商品的供應(yīng)超過需求的狀況。

Smart consumers try to purchase items that are in surplus in order to get more for the same money.精明的消費(fèi)者在商品過剩時(shí)購買，以便用同樣的錢購買更多的商品。

162.tax shelter ：減免所得稅

An investment in certain business, activities, etc.that legally entitles the investor to avoid, reduce, or defer income taxes.在某些行業(yè)、活動(dòng)等方面的投資，投資者合法地享受減、免或緩交所得稅。Some business use tax shelters in an effort to reduce or defer their income tax.一些公司采取合法減免所得稅的手段來減少或遲交所得稅。

163.tech angst ：技術(shù)顧慮

(A combination of “technological” and “anxiety”.)The fear of automation among consumers.“technological”（技術(shù)的）和 “anxiety”（擔(dān)心）的合成詞。顧客對(duì)自動(dòng)化產(chǎn)生的擔(dān)心。The tech angst of many people makes them reluctant to put their trust in automated teller machines.許多人有技術(shù)顧慮，因而不愿使用自動(dòng)提款機(jī)。

164.technological monopoly ：技術(shù)壟斷

A condition in which a company has exclusive rights to a patented product or process.一公司對(duì)專利產(chǎn)品或制作方法享有專屬權(quán)的狀況。

AT & T has a technological monopoly over a number of products and processes in the communications world.在通訊領(lǐng)域中，美國電話電報(bào)公司在一些產(chǎn)品和方法享有技術(shù)壟斷。

165.trade barriers ：貿(mào)易壁壘

Tariffs, quotas, and other regulations used by one country to discourage the importation of certain goods.一個(gè)國家為阻礙某些產(chǎn)品的進(jìn)口所采用的關(guān)稅、配額和其他規(guī)定。

The U.S.is poised to eliminate trade barriers with Mexico and other neighboring countries.美國準(zhǔn)備減少同墨西哥及其他鄰近國家的貿(mào)易壁壘。

166.trade deficit ：貿(mào)易赤字

An imbalance in which a nation’s imports exceed its exports.一國進(jìn)口超過其出口的不平衡狀況。

No nation wants to run a continuous trade deficit with other countries.沒有一個(gè)國家愿意自己同他國的貿(mào)易處于持續(xù)的赤字狀態(tài)。

167.trade imbalance ：貿(mào)易不平衡

A condition in which a nation’s exports and imports and imports are not equal.一國的出口和進(jìn)口不持平的狀況。

The subject of trade imbalance is an ongoing debate between the U.S.and Japan.貿(mào)易不平衡是美日兩國間長期爭論的話題。

168.trickle-down economics ：滴入式經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)

A theory that government financial incentives to big business will eventually benefit smaller businesses and general public.一種經(jīng)濟(jì)理論，認(rèn)為政府對(duì)大企業(yè)的財(cái)政補(bǔ)貼最終使小企業(yè)和大眾受益。

President Bill Clinton dose not believe that trickle-down economics works for the benefit of the nation.克林頓總統(tǒng)不相信滴入式經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)有益于國家。

169.trust ：托拉斯

Several companies acting together to control production, pricing, and distribution of a product.幾家公司聯(lián)合行動(dòng)以控制一種新產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)、定價(jià)和銷售。

The government has anti=trust laws that regulate against companies forming trusts in order to control product prices and distribution.政府有反托拉斯法，反對(duì)公司組成意在控制產(chǎn)品價(jià)格和銷售的托拉斯。

170.upward mobility ：往上晉升

The movement of an individual to ever higher levels of responsibility in a company.一個(gè)人在公司里上升到承擔(dān)相應(yīng)責(zé)任的較高職位。

It was no surprise to the other workers that the boss’s nephew enjoined such a great degree of upward mobility.老板的侄子往上晉升如此之快，其他工人并不感意外。

171.white knight ：公司的救星

A business that prevents a hostile takeover of another company by offering better terms.一公司通過提出更優(yōu)厚的條件來阻止另一公司被他人敵意兼并。

One of our affiliates acted as a white knight on our behalf and saved us from being the victims of a hostile takeover.我們的一家分公司充當(dāng)了我們公司的救星，使我們免遭敵意兼并。

計(jì)算機(jī)·Computer

172.abort ：異常中止

To cancel or end a program or procedure while it is in progress.取消或終止正在運(yùn)行的程序或過程 We decided to abort the program.我們決定中止這項(xiàng)程序。

173.access ：訪問，存取

The locating and/or obtaining of desired data.查找和/或獲取所需數(shù)據(jù)

Only authorized personnel can access these computer files.只有經(jīng)過授權(quán)的人才可以訪問這些計(jì)算機(jī)文件。

174.artificial intelligence(AI)：人工智能

The branch of computer science that deals with using computers to simulate human thinking and to perform functions normally associated with human intelligence.計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)的一個(gè)分支，研究如何使用電腦模仿人的思維，并執(zhí)行一些通常與人類智能有關(guān)的功能。

Artificial intelligence has been the focus of much hype since the early 1980s and is widely expected to be achieved in the 21st century.自從80年代初以來，人工智能一直被大量宣傳。人們普遍認(rèn)為在21世紀(jì)人工智能將獲得成功。

175.backup copy ：備份

A copy of a current file made in order to protect against loss or damage.為防止當(dāng)前文件的丟失或損壞而另存儲(chǔ)的一份。Did you make a backup copy of that file? 那份文件你有備份吧？

176.batch ：批（處理）

A group of records or transactions that can be processed together.可以一塊處理的一組記錄或事務(wù)。I've gotta finish this batch by tomorrow.明天之前我必須做完這批處理。

177.boot(up)：啟動(dòng)

To start up a computer, making it ready to operate.打開電腦使之可以運(yùn)行。

Just a minute, I'm waiting for my computer to boot up.等會(huì)兒，我正等我的電腦啟動(dòng)起來。

178.bug ：錯(cuò)誤，故障

A mistake or malfunction that can occur in a computer program.電腦程序可能出現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤或故障。

For some reason, we've been experiencing some bugs in this particular program.不知什么原因，這個(gè)特定程序總有錯(cuò)誤。

179.canned software ：軟件包

Programs prepared by computer manufacturers that are in ready to use form and can used by many business and individuals.由電腦生產(chǎn)商準(zhǔn)備好的可供公司或個(gè)人即買即用的程序。

WordPefect 6.0 is one of the newest items of canned software on the market.WordPefect6.0是市場上銷售的軟件包中最新的一款軟件。

180.character ：字符

Any symbol, digit, letter, etc.that is stored or processed by a computer.由電腦存儲(chǔ)、處理的任何符號(hào)、數(shù)字、字母等。

An optical scanner can actually read characters and transfer them to the monitor screen of a computer.光學(xué)掃描儀能讀出字符，并將其轉(zhuǎn)換到電腦顯示屏上。

181.clones ：克隆，仿制品

A term used to describe a product that is a copy of another one, such as a computer clone.指以其他產(chǎn)品為范本復(fù)制出來的產(chǎn)品。

In the new global economy, there are dozens of computer clones on the market.在經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的今天，市場上有幾十種電腦仿制品。

182.coding ：編碼

The writing of a list of computer instructions causing it to perform specific functions and operations.編寫一系列計(jì)算機(jī)的指令，使之執(zhí)行特定功能和操作。We are currently recoding all the computers in our office.我們現(xiàn)在正為辦公室的所有計(jì)算機(jī)重新編碼。

183.computerese ：計(jì)算機(jī)行話 Slang for computer jargon.計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)術(shù)語的俚稱。Are you fluent in computerese? 你對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)行話熟悉嗎？

184.computernik ：計(jì)算機(jī)專家，計(jì)算機(jī)迷

Slang for a person who spends a lot of time using computers.俚語，指長時(shí)間使用電腦的人。John hangs around with all the computernik.約翰同許多計(jì)算機(jī)機(jī)專家有來往。185.crash ：（系統(tǒng)）崩潰

A system shutdown caused by a hardware or software malfunction.由硬件、軟件故障導(dǎo)致系統(tǒng)的關(guān)閉。Our system just crashed.我們的系統(tǒng)剛才崩潰了。

186.data leakage ：數(shù)據(jù)丟失

The illegal removal of data from a computer.非法移動(dòng)電腦中的數(shù)據(jù)。

We’ve had no data leakage problems since we’ve installed our new security program.自從安裝新的保密程序后，我們的電腦沒有出現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)丟失的問題。

187.dot matrix ：點(diǎn)陣（打?。?/p>

Forming letters or characters from dots, as opposed to type.通過輸出點(diǎn)來形成字母或字符，這和（傳統(tǒng)的）打字相反。

Dot matrix printers are being phased out and replaced by printers that can produce clean type.點(diǎn)陣式打印機(jī)正被淘汰，并為高清晰度打印機(jī)所取代。

188.downtime ：故障停機(jī)時(shí)間

The length of time a computer is “down” because of a malfunction.由于故障而使電腦停機(jī)的時(shí)間。

Sorry, you’ll have to come back later – the computers are down.抱歉，你待等會(huì)兒再來，我們的電腦出故障了。How much downtime did we log last month? 我們上個(gè)月的故障停機(jī)時(shí)間有多長？

189.info highway ：信息高速公路

The flow of TV and cable channels that will allow individuals to access a revolutionary variety of entertainment, news, communications, home-shopping, etc.電視和電訊通道的信息傳輸，這些信息通道讓個(gè)人獲得大量的娛樂、新聞、通訊服務(wù)和在家購物等，其種類令人目不暇接。

Time Magazine featured a cover devoted to the new info highway in early 1993.1993年初，《時(shí)代周刊》刊載了一篇封面文章，專門介紹信息高速公路。

190.infomaion overload ：信息充塞

A condition characterized by an excess of messages demanding attention, which leads to confusion and a loss of efficiency.需要關(guān)注的信息內(nèi)容過多的狀況，這種狀況導(dǎo)致混亂和效率的降低。Most of us are suffering from information overload in the 1990s.在90年代我們大多數(shù)人都受害于信息充塞。

191.information revolution ：信息革命

A condition characterized by an excess of message demanding attention, which leads to confusion and a loss of efficiency.需要關(guān)注的信息內(nèi)容過多的狀況，這種狀況導(dǎo)致混亂和效率的降低。

192.ink-jet printer ：噴墨打印機(jī)

An output device that prints by spraying a thin stream of ink onto the paper.一種通過噴射細(xì)墨水流到紙上的打印裝置。What brand of ink-jet printer do you use? 你用的是什么牌子的噴墨打印機(jī)？

193.knowledge engineering ：知識(shí)工程學(xué)

The scientific study of integrating knowledge into computer systems to solve complex problems that would usually require human expertise.一科學(xué)領(lǐng)域，主要研究如何將知識(shí)合成到電腦系統(tǒng)中以解決通常需要專門知識(shí)才能解決的復(fù)雜問題。

The next generation of computers will integrate knowledge engineering into their programming in order to solve complex problems in a way that more closely resembles human reasoning.下一代計(jì)算機(jī)將會(huì)把知識(shí)工程學(xué)融合到其程序中，以便用一種近似人類思維的方法來解決復(fù)雜問題。

194.pixel ：象素

The smallest display picture element on a video display screen.在顯示屏上所顯示圖像的最小顯示元素。

The display screen of a computer contains thousands of tiny pixels that convey the images on the computer screen.電腦顯示屏上有千千萬萬個(gè)象素，這些元構(gòu)成了屏幕上的圖像。

195.software piracy ：軟件盜版

The duplication of commercial software without permission from the developer.未經(jīng)開發(fā)商許可復(fù)制商業(yè)軟件的侵權(quán)行為。

The XYZ company used international lawyers to prosecute a crime ring involving software piracy in Taiwan.某某公司聘請國際律師起訴臺(tái)灣的一個(gè)涉嫌軟件盜版的犯罪團(tuán)伙。

196.superconductor ：超導(dǎo)體

Material that has almost no resistance to the flow of electricity.對(duì)電流幾乎沒有阻力的材料。

The new technology of superconductors has advanced the world of communications by allowing more information to be sent in a much faster manner.超導(dǎo)體技術(shù)可以使更多的信息以快得多的速度傳輸，從而促進(jìn)了通信業(yè)的發(fā)展。

197.telecommuting ：居家辦公，遠(yuǎn)程上班

Working at home and using a computer to communicate and interact with the office.使用電腦同辦公室保持通訊聯(lián)絡(luò)，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)在家辦公。

More and more people are now telecommuting one or more days a week as opposed to going to the office everyday.與以前每天去辦公室上班不同，現(xiàn)在越來越多的人每周一天或幾天在家辦公。

198.touch screen ：觸摸屏

A computer that can be given commands by touching its display screen in the appropriate locations.一種電腦的屏幕，使用者可以觸摸其適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢枚鴮?duì)電腦發(fā)出指令。

Some restaurants have provided touch screen computers to enable their customers to order food via the computer without to tell someone.199.user-friendly ：方便用戶的

Hardware or software that is designed to help people become familiar with their computer by simple, easy-to-follow instructions.電腦生產(chǎn)廠商所設(shè)計(jì)的一些硬件和軟件，可讓用戶通過一些簡單易學(xué)的指令來熟悉其電腦。Computers must be user-friendly in order to be accepted by the public.要讓公眾接受，電腦必須讓用戶感到方便。

200.Virus ：病毒

Coded directions in software that can erase or replace files and operating software in a computer.A computer virus can sit undetected in a computer until it's automatically activated, as when computer's clock strikes a certain date.軟件中的密碼指令，它可刪除、轉(zhuǎn)換電腦中的文件以及操作軟件。電腦病毒會(huì)隱藏在電腦中不被發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)電腦時(shí)鐘指向某一日期它會(huì)被自動(dòng)激活。

犯罪 · Crime

201.accomplice ：同案犯

Any person who takes part in a crime.參與犯罪的每個(gè)人。

Tony was found to be an accomplice in the crime.人們發(fā)現(xiàn)托尼是該案的同案犯。

202.adult business district ：紅燈區(qū)

A neighborhood zoned for pornographic bookstores and movie theaters, striptease bars, etc.劃定的街區(qū)，作為開設(shè)色情書店、影院、脫衣舞場等的場所。Police are constantly arresting people over in the adult business district.警察常在紅燈區(qū)拘捕人犯。

203.agricrime ：農(nóng)業(yè)犯罪

Sort for agricultural crime.The theft of crops and /or farm equipment.“agricultural crime”的縮寫詞，偷盜莊稼和/或農(nóng)場設(shè)備的犯罪。Farmers are losing thousands of dollars each year due to agricrime.每年農(nóng)業(yè)犯罪給農(nóng)場主造成了成千上萬美元的損失。

204.armed robbery ：武裝搶劫

The act of using a deadly weapon when raking or attempting to take property form another person or party.奪取或試圖奪取他人或他方財(cái)物時(shí)使用致命武器的犯罪行為。Did you read about the armed robbery in this morning’s paper? 今早的報(bào)紙上報(bào)道了這次武裝搶劫，你讀了嗎？

205.arrest warrant ：逮捕證

A document that orders the arrest of an individual who has been accused with a crime.對(duì)被指控犯罪的某人實(shí)施搜捕的文件。The court issued an arrest warrant on the suspect.法庭對(duì)這個(gè)嫌疑人發(fā)出了逮捕證。

206.arson ：縱火

The crime of intentionally destroying property by the use of fire.故意放火毀壞財(cái)產(chǎn)的犯罪。

Police think the fire that burned down the old warehouse was an act of arson.警察懷疑這座倉庫的大火是縱火行為所致。

207.assassin ：暗殺

A murderer.A person who sets out to kill someone, esp.a prominent person.謀殺者。密謀殺害他人，特別是一位杰出人物的兇手。Police are still looking for the assassin of the president candidate.警方仍在追查暗殺總統(tǒng)候選人的兇手。

208.assault ：襲擊

The act of attempting or threatening to harm another person.試圖傷害或威脅要傷害他人的行為。

Mr.Green was assaulted while he was walking on 25th street.格林先生在第25大街行走的時(shí)候受到襲擊。

209.attack dog ：攻擊犬

A canine dog that has been trained to attack burglars, etc.一種經(jīng)過訓(xùn)練的狼犬，用來攻擊竊賊等。

The officer’s attack dog has saved his life many times.這位警察的攻擊犬多次救了主人的命。

210.back-alley butcher ：卑鄙的屠夫 Slang for abortionist.俚語，給人施行流產(chǎn)手術(shù)的人。

Demonstrators picked an abortion clinic with signs that said “back-alley” butcher.示威者將一家流產(chǎn)診所用標(biāo)語牌圍起來，牌子上寫著”卑鄙的屠夫”。

211.bail ：保釋金

Money that is deposited with a court in order to secure the release of a defendant while awaiting trial.32 存放在法庭的一定數(shù)量的保證金，以使被告在候?qū)徠陂g獲得釋放。Frank’s wife came down to the police station to bail him out.弗蘭克的妻子到警察局將他保釋出來。

212.ballistics ：彈道學(xué)

The science of firearms and the study of the motion of bullets.研究火器及子彈運(yùn)動(dòng)的科學(xué)。

A ballistics expert was taking evidence at the scene of the crime.一位彈道學(xué)家正在犯罪現(xiàn)場提取證據(jù)。

213.blackmail ：敲詐，勒索

The act of threatening to reveal personal information, esp.sexual scandals, in order to extract money.以揭露隱私特別是性丑聞為威脅手段以謀取錢財(cái)?shù)男袨?。Linda was involved in a blackmail scandal of the mayor.林達(dá)涉嫌敲詐市長的丑聞。

214.black market ：黑市

A market place where illegal or hard-to-get items are sold or where money is illegal exchanged.非法或緊俏物資的銷售點(diǎn)，或者非法換匯的地方。Gangs are buying assault weapons on the black market.黑幫總在黑市購買攻擊性武器。

215.blood money ：血腥錢

Money that is paid as retribution for injury, loss of life, vandalism, etc.為他人受傷、喪命、損壞財(cái)產(chǎn)而付出的酬金。The mafia paid blood money to have that man killed.黑手黨拿出血腥錢將那人殺了。

216.body bag ：裝尸袋

A heavy-duty bag that is used to contain a corpse.一種結(jié)實(shí)的用來裝運(yùn)尸體的袋子。

The officer warmed the man to drop his gun or “end up in a body bag.” 警察警告那人放下武器，否則必死無疑。

217.bomb squad ：爆破小組

A team of police who are specially-trained to remove and deactivate bombs.經(jīng)專門訓(xùn)練，從事排除和拆卸炸彈的一支警察隊(duì)伍。The bomb squad was called in to deactivate the car bomb.有關(guān)部門請來爆破小組拆除這枚汽車炸彈。

218.bootlegging ：販賣違禁品

The illegal distribution of items such as alcohol, drugs, firearms, etc.非法銷售物品如酒類、毒品、槍支等。

Three Mexicans were arrested for bootlegging firearms across the border.33 三名墨西哥人因越境販賣槍支而被捕。

219.break-in ：非法闖入 A burglar 入室盜竊

It looks like you are the victim of a break-in.看起來，你是入室盜竊的受害者。

220.bribery ：行賄受賄

The act of offering, giving, or taking bribes.贈(zèng)送，提供，或接受賄金的行為。

The congressman resigned after having been found guilty of bribery.這位議員被證實(shí)犯有行賄受賄罪后辭職了。

221.bucket shop ：投機(jī)商號(hào)

(Also called “telephone boiler room.”)An office that is used to promote worthless land or securities by mail or through telemarketing.(也被稱為”電話交易所”)通過郵件或電話營銷來推銷荒地或垃圾證券的地點(diǎn)。Crooks across the country are using bucket shops to scam older people.全國各地的騙子都利用投機(jī)商號(hào)來欺騙老年人。

222.bug ：竊聽

To use electronic listening devices to listen in on the conversations of others.使用電子收聽裝置來偷聽他人的談話。This office has been bugged.這間辦公室已被竊聽。

223.bum rap ：錯(cuò)捕 An unmerited arrest 不應(yīng)實(shí)施的逮捕。

Steve served six months jail time on a bum rap.史迪夫因錯(cuò)捕而受了6個(gè)月的監(jiān)禁。

224.burglary ：入室盜竊

The act of breaking into a home, building, etc.with the intent to steal from it.闖入民宅、建筑物等，企圖偷盜的行為。Burglaries in our town have been on the upswing.我們小城里的入室盜竊案一直在上升。

225.car bangers ：汽車竊賊 Thieves who steal form automobiles.從汽車?yán)锿禆|西的賊。

Police caught the car bangers in the act.警方將這些汽車竊賊當(dāng)場抓獲。

226.career criminal ：職業(yè)罪犯

A person who makes a living from crime.以犯罪為生的人。

John was a career criminal until the day he got caught in the home of a policeman.約翰是位職業(yè)罪犯，直到一天他在一個(gè)警察家里被抓獲。

227.child abuse ：虐待兒童

The physical and verbal mistreatment of children.對(duì)兒童進(jìn)行身體上和言語上的虐待。

The most unnerving thing about child abuse is the number of cases that go unreported.有關(guān)虐待兒童方面最讓人不安的事情是大量的此類行為沒有報(bào)道。

228.chop shop ：地下拆車廠

A shop where criminals take apart stolen cars and sell the parts.犯罪分子將所盜汽車拆成零件并銷售出去的窩點(diǎn)。

I watched a news program that tracked chop shops across the country.我收看了一個(gè)追蹤全國地下拆車點(diǎn)的電視節(jié)目。

229.cocaine ：可卡因 A powerful stimulant drug.一種有強(qiáng)力興奮作用的毒品。

What is the street value of a pound of cocaine? 一磅可卡因市值多少？

230.computer cleaner ：消除財(cái)務(wù)信息的電腦黑客

A person who, for a price, clean computer files of unfavorable financial credit information of others.將反映他人財(cái)物信用赤字的計(jì)算機(jī)文件抹去以獲取報(bào)酬的人員。

Computer cleaners cost companies and financial institutions million of dollars every year.消除財(cái)務(wù)信息的電腦黑客每年給公司和金融機(jī)構(gòu)造成百萬元計(jì)的損失。

231.con artist ：行騙高手

A person who is skilled at convincing others of believing in fraudulent schemes.擅于蒙騙并使人進(jìn)入騙局的人。Bob makes his living as a con artist.鮑勃是位行騙高手，并以行騙為生。

232.con game ：騸局 Any fraudulent scheme 任何騙人的把戲。

My grandparents got burned in a con game.我的祖父母曾上過騙子的當(dāng)。

233.convict ：囚犯

A person found guilty of a felony and confined in a prison.被判有重罪并羈于獄中的人。Mr.Welch is an ex-convict.韋爾奇先生從前是囚犯。

234.counterfeit ：偽造

To illegally reproduce a copy of money, postage stamps, bonds, etc.非法印造錢幣、郵票、證券等。

Police busted up a counterfeiting racket in Miami last week.上周警方搗毀了邁阿密的一個(gè)偽造團(tuán)伙。

235.credit-card fraud ：信用卡欺詐

The attempted use of a credit to obtain goods or services with the intention of avoiding payment.企圖使用信用卡獲取貨物或服務(wù)，并故意逃避付款。That woman is wanted in 5 states for credit-card fraud.那位婦女因信用卡欺詐而被5個(gè)州通緝。

236.crime of passion ：激情犯罪；沖動(dòng)犯罪

Murder that resulted form the infidelity of a lover;Murder committed in the heat of rage.由于情人的不忠而導(dǎo)致的謀殺；暴怒驅(qū)使的殺人行為。

Crimes of passion seem to be popular material for TV infotainment programs.沖動(dòng)殺人似乎是娛樂性新聞節(jié)目受歡迎的題材。

237.Crime rate ：犯罪率

The number of reported crimes per specified number of the population.每一定人數(shù)中發(fā)生的犯罪數(shù)量。

Which state has the highest crime rate in the U.S.? 在美國，哪個(gè)州的犯罪率最高？

238.criminal ：犯罪

A person who has violated a criminal law.觸犯刑法的人。

We are placing your son in criminal detention.我們對(duì)你兒子實(shí)行刑事拘留。

239.date rape ：約會(huì)強(qiáng)奸

A rape that is committed by a woman’s date.由女性的約會(huì)對(duì)象實(shí)施的強(qiáng)奸。

Date rape is the last thing that a young girl should have to worry about.約會(huì)強(qiáng)奸是年輕女子最不用害怕的事。

240.deadly weapon ：致命武器

Any object, or instrument that is capable of being used to kill.任何可以用以殺人致命的物體、器具。

It is against the law to carry a concealed deadly weapon.秘密攜帶致命武器是違法的。

241.death penalty ：死刑

Punishment by death, that is imposed in a legal manner.以合法的形式剝奪罪犯生命的一種懲罰。

Three men have received the death penalty so far this year.今年已有三個(gè)被判死刑。

242.death row ：死囚牢房

A cell block reserved for convicts awaiting execution.特別為等待處決的死刑犯設(shè)置的牢房。

This convicted killer has been on death row for 15 years.這位被判決死刑的殺人犯住在死囚牢房已15年了。

243.defendant ：被告

A person who has been charged with a crime 被指控犯有罪行的人。

The court found the defendant guilty of murder.法庭判定被告犯有謀殺罪。

244.domestic violence ：家庭暴力

Violence toward a family member, including child abuse or wife beating.對(duì)家庭成員施加的暴力，包括虐待兒童和毆打妻子。

Domestic violence is one of the most dangerous calls that a law enforcement officer has to make.家庭暴力是執(zhí)法官最難應(yīng)付的案件之一。

245.drug abuse ：吸毒

The excessive and compulsive use of drugs to the point of damaging one’s health.強(qiáng)迫性過量使用毒品，以致?lián)p害身體。

It was obvious to see by looking at the needle marks on her arms that the young girl was a victim of drug abuse.從她臂上針扎的痕跡來看，很明顯，這位年輕女子是吸毒的受害者。

246.drug king(czar)：毒梟

The person who controls the production, transportation and selling of drug in an area.控制某一地區(qū)的毒品地區(qū)生產(chǎn)、運(yùn)輸和銷售的頭號(hào)人物。

After two years of using an undercover operation, the FBI finally arrested the Cuban drug king.經(jīng)過兩年的秘密行動(dòng)，聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局終于逮捕了這位古巴毒梟。

247.drunk driving ：酒后駕駛

Driving while under the influence of alcohol.在受酒精影響的狀態(tài)下開車。

This is your second drunk driving offense this month.37 這是你本月第二觸犯次酒后駕駛的禁令。

248.edp crimes ：電腦犯罪

Electronic data-processing crime;criminal offenses committed using computer technology.在電子數(shù)據(jù)處理方面的犯罪；利用電腦技術(shù)進(jìn)行的犯罪。The IRS investigated hundreds of edp crimes every year.美國國內(nèi)收入局每年都要調(diào)查數(shù)以百計(jì)的電腦犯罪。

249.embezzlement ：貪污

The illegal misappropriation of funds entrusted to one’s care.將由自己保管的資金非法據(jù)為已有。

We have never had a problem with embezzlement at this bank.我們這家銀行從沒發(fā)生過貪污案件。

250.first-degree murder ：一級(jí)謀殺案 Premeditated murder.事先策劃好的謀殺。

The man was changed with first-degree murder in the death of his lover’s husband.這位男子其情人的丈夫死亡案中被指控犯有一級(jí)謀殺罪。

251.forensic medicine ：法醫(yī)學(xué)

The use of medicine in solving legal problems.利用醫(yī)學(xué)解決法律問題。

Many crimes could not be solved without using forensic medicine.沒有法醫(yī)學(xué)，很多犯罪案件無法結(jié)案。

252.forgery ：偽造

The act of creating a document, either written or printed, with the intent to defraud.Forgery also covers counterfeiting, or producing fake signatures, works of art, etc.以欺騙為目的而仿制手寫或印刷文件的行為。偽造還包括制假錢幣、仿冒簽名和藝術(shù)品等。

253.gamble ：賭博

To bet or wager money on games of chance, races, etc.在概率類游戲或比賽中打賭或下注。

Burt lost $ 3000 gambling in Las Vegas over the weekend.伯特周末在拉斯維加斯賭博輸了3000美元。

254.gang ：黑幫

A group of people organized to achieve some common goal.Gangs are often involved in drugs, violence, money lending, prostitution, etc.為達(dá)到某種共同目的而組織起來的一群人。黑幫常常涉嫌毒品、暴力、高利貸和賣淫等。Gangs often have automatic weapons more powerful than the police in many large U.S.cities.在美國的許多城市里，黑幫常配備有自動(dòng)武器，其火力強(qiáng)于警方。

255.hijack ：劫持

To seize control of an airplane, boat, automobile, etc.強(qiáng)行控制飛機(jī)、船只、車輛等。

Terrorist just hijacked a plane to Cuba.恐怖分子剛剛動(dòng)持了一架飛往古巴的飛機(jī)。

256.hit-and-run ：肇事逃逸

An automobile accident in which the driver fails to stop and identify himself or herself.The term “hit-and-run” may also be applied to such a driver.指一起汽車事故中，肇事司機(jī)不停車，且不亮明自己身份。該詞也可以指肇事逃逸司機(jī)。I was a victim of a hit-and-run accident on Monday.周一發(fā)生了一起肇事逃逸案，我是其中的受害者。

257.hold-up ：持槍搶劫

The act of robbing someone at gunpoint.持槍相威脅，搶奪他人財(cái)物的行為。

There was a hold-up at the bank over on 2nd street.在第二大街的銀行里發(fā)生了一起搶劫案。

258.homcide ：殺人，他殺 The act of killing someone.殺死他人的行為。

Police are investigating the homicide of a prostitute.警方正在調(diào)查一起妓女被殺案件。

259.hot wire ：（汽車）電啟動(dòng)

To electrically start a vehicle without using an ignition key.不用點(diǎn)火鑰匙而用電來發(fā)動(dòng)汽車。

Seasoned crooks can hot wire a car in seconds.手段高明的竊賊可在幾秒鐘內(nèi)用電啟動(dòng)來發(fā)動(dòng)汽車。

260.impulse crime ：沖動(dòng)犯罪

Crimes such as shoplifting, raping, vandalizing, etc.that are done on an impulse.在沖動(dòng)之下所犯的罪行，如商店扒竊、強(qiáng)奸、損壞公物等。

261.juvenile delinquency ：青少年犯罪

Criminal behavior by adolescents and children.少年和兒童的犯罪行為。

Some parents aren’t concerned about juvenile delinquency.一些家長對(duì)青少年犯罪漠不關(guān)心。

262.labor racketeering ：工會(huì)詐騙

Corrupt practices and organized crime that involve organized labor.涉及工會(huì)的腐敗行為和團(tuán)伙犯罪。

The New York union leader was convicted of labor racketeering.紐約的工會(huì)領(lǐng)袖被判有工會(huì)詐騙罪。

263.larceny ：偷盜

The stealing of another person’s property.偷取別人財(cái)產(chǎn)的行為。

Have you over been arrested for larceny? 你有偷盜被捕的經(jīng)歷嗎？

264.libel ：文字誹謗

Written defamation.以文字材料來詆毀他人名聲的行為。

The famous actress is suing the tabloids for libel.這位知名的女演員正以誹謗罪起訴數(shù)家通俗小報(bào)。

265.Mafia ：黑手黨

A secret society that originated in Italy in the 1860’s.The Mafia now widespread, and is focused on power and profit.19世紀(jì)60年代起源于意大利的秘密團(tuán)體。現(xiàn)在黑手黨勢力廣為分布，專門從事擴(kuò)張勢力、牟取錢財(cái)。

The “Godfather” is a story about the powerful mafia families in New York.電影《教父》就是有關(guān)紐約黑手黨的豪門大戶的故事。

266.mail fraud ：郵政詐騙

The using of the mail system to defraud the public.利用郵政系統(tǒng)詐騙公眾的行為。

That mail-order company has been convicted of mail fraud.那家郵購公司被判有郵政詐騙罪。

267.manhunt ：追捕

An organized search to catch a criminal or an escapee.有組織的追蹤、捉拿囚犯、逃犯。

Police have organized a manhunt to capture the escaped convict.警方組織了一次追捕以抓獲那名逃犯。

268.mass murderer ：謀殺多人的兇手

A murderer who kills many people.多條命案的謀殺者；連環(huán)殺手。

More and more mass murderers are popping up in the news these days.這些天來，新聞里不斷報(bào)道謀殺多人的兇手。

269.money laundering ：洗錢

The act of concealing the source of funds for the purpose of tax evasion and fraud.為達(dá)到逃稅和欺騙的目的而隱瞞資金來源的行為。

This restaurant is just a front for money laundering.這家餐館僅僅是洗錢的掩護(hù)所。

270.mule ：挾帶毒品者，販運(yùn)私貨的人

A person used to transport drugs or contraband from one place to another.被用來從一地到另一地運(yùn)送毒品或違禁品的人。

Security officials in airports are finding an astounding number of people who are being used as mules.機(jī)場的安檢人員發(fā)現(xiàn)數(shù)目十分龐大的旅客充當(dāng)販運(yùn)私貨的人。

271.organized crime ：集團(tuán)犯罪

A term used to describe underworld societies such as the Mafia who deal in crimes such as gambling, narcotics, and prostitution.黑手黨之類的黑社會(huì)組織所進(jìn)行的犯罪，如賭博、販毒、賣淫等活動(dòng)。This company is associated with an east-coast organized syndicate.這家公司同東海岸的一個(gè)犯罪集團(tuán)有聯(lián)系。

272.parole ：假釋

A conditional release of an offender from confinement before the expiration of his or her sentence.The offender is usually placed under the guidance of a parole officer.囚犯在服刑期滿前有條件地釋放出來，但必須置于假釋官的督導(dǎo)之下。The victim’s family is nervous that the offender is up for parole.受害者家屬很緊張，因?yàn)樽锓讣磳@得假釋。

273.penitentiary ：監(jiān)獄，勞改所

A maximum-security facility designed to detain prisoners serving long sentences.Lee is serving his sentence down at the penitentiary.李正在監(jiān)獄服刑。

274.perjury ：偽證

The crime of willingly giving false information while under oath.在法庭上立誓之后故意提供虛假證詞的犯罪行為。

If you lie while you are under oath, you can be found guilty of perjury.如果立誓之后還撒謊，你可能被判偽證罪。

275.pickpocket ：扒手

A thief who is skilled in stealing items from other people’s pockets.擅于從別人口袋里偷取物品的竊賊。

I had my wallet stolen by a pickpocket while I was on the subway.今天乘地鐵時(shí)我的錢包讓扒手偷了。

276.pilice brutality ：警察暴力

The act of using excessive physical force by police or other law enforcement officers.警察或其他執(zhí)法人員過多使用體罰的行為。

The infamous Rodney King beating in L.A.showed the public at how rampant police brutality is.41 發(fā)生在洛杉磯的不光彩的羅德尼·金毒打案向公眾展示了警察暴行是多少猖狂。

277.police corruption ：警察腐敗

The misuse of police power in return for favors of gain.警察濫用權(quán)力以換取好處和利益。

The mayor is working to put an end to police corruption in this city.市長正致力于肅清本市的警察腐敗。

278.pornoshop ：色情商店

A shop or bookstore that sells pornographic materials.出售色情物品的商店。

The local pornshop has been shut down form selling materials to minors.當(dāng)?shù)氐纳樯痰暌蛳蛭闯赡耆顺鍪凵槲锲范魂P(guān)閉。

279.prison break ：越獄

An escape from prison involving violence by one or more prisoners.一個(gè)或多個(gè)囚犯使用暴力從監(jiān)獄逃跑。

Two guards and two inmates were killed in a prison break in Texas, yesterday.昨天在得克薩斯州發(fā)生一起越獄案，兩名衛(wèi)兵和兩名囚犯被殺死。

280.property crime ：財(cái)產(chǎn)犯罪 Auto theft, burglary, larceny, etc.偷汽車、入室盜竊、偷盜等。

This section of town has been plagued with property crimes.這個(gè)城區(qū)的財(cái)產(chǎn)犯罪很猖獗。

291.serial killer ：系列命案的殺手，連環(huán)殺手

A murder who commits a series of killings, usually with distinct similarities in the murders.制造多起命案的兇手，其作案手段通常有明顯相似之處。

Doesn't it seems a little inappropriate to put serial killers on trading cards.將系列命案的兇手印在商業(yè)卡片上是不是有些不合適？

292.sin tax ：罪孽稅

Tax that is imposed on cigarettes, liquor, gambling, etc.對(duì)香煙、精、賭博等開征的稅收。

Many people complain about the sin tax in Utah.許多人抱怨猶他州過高的罪孽稅。

293.skid row ：貧民街，貧民窟

A rundown section of a city characterized by drunkards living on the street.城市的破舊區(qū)域，常見到許多酒鬼露宿街頭。After his divorce, Mike became a drunk down on skid row.離婚之后，邁克爾淪落為貧民街的酒鬼。

294.slush fund ：賄金

Money that is used to bribe public politicians and other influential officials 用來賄賂知名政客或其他有影響力的官員的資金。Lobbyists use slush fund to bribe public officials.院外集團(tuán)的說客用賄金拉攏政府官員。

295.statutory rape ：法定強(qiáng)奸罪

Sexual intercourse with a female who has consented, but who is legally incapable of consent because she is underage.與未成年女子發(fā)生的性行為，雖經(jīng)其本人同意，但法律規(guī)定其尚未成年，不具備表達(dá)同意意愿的能力。

What is the penalty for statutory rape? 對(duì)法定強(qiáng)奸罪的懲罰是什么？

296.suicide pact ：自殺合約

An agreement between two or more persons to commit suicide together.一起自殺的兩者或多者之間的協(xié)定。

The whole high school was shocked at the news of the two classmates who killed themselves in a suicide pact.兩個(gè)同班同學(xué)訂立自殺合約并自殺身亡的消息使整個(gè)學(xué)校感到震驚。

297.suicide season ：自殺季節(jié)

The Christmas season when many lonely people feel isolated and take their own lives.指圣誕節(jié)期間，許多人孤獨(dú)不堪而自殺。December is without question, the suicide season.十二月無疑是自殺季節(jié)。

298.tax evasion ：逃稅

The illegal attempt by a taxpayer to avoid paying his or her taxes.納稅人企圖逃避納稅的非法行為。

Bill was found guilty of tax evasion and owes the IRS over $60,000 in back taxes.比爾被判逃稅罪，他現(xiàn)在仍欠國內(nèi)收入局六萬多美元的滯納稅金。

299.vandalism ：故意毀壞

The defacement or destruction of public or private property.損壞或破壞公私財(cái)產(chǎn)的行為。

Vandalism is a major problem in inner city schools.故意毀壞財(cái)物的的行為是市內(nèi)學(xué)校的一個(gè)嚴(yán)重問題。

300.vice squad ：警察緝捕隊(duì)

Plain clothes policeman who work undercover to detect crime.隱蔽調(diào)查犯罪的便衣警察。

Sean has been a member of the vice squad for nine years.43 西恩在緝捕隊(duì)工作已經(jīng)9年了。

301.vigilante ：治安維持會(huì)

A person or group who takes the responsibility of a law enforcement officer into their won hands.承擔(dān)執(zhí)法人員維持治安責(zé)任的個(gè)人和群體。

The subway vigilante in New York was in the media for weeks.紐約地鐵治安維持會(huì)幾周來受到了媒體的關(guān)注。

302.war crime ：戰(zhàn)爭犯罪

Crimes that violate the customs and laws of war.違犯戰(zhàn)爭法律和戰(zhàn)爭習(xí)慣的犯罪。

The retired officer was found guilty of war crimes when evidence was uncovered during a recent investigation.在最近的一次調(diào)查中發(fā)現(xiàn)的證據(jù)證明這位退休軍官曾有戰(zhàn)爭犯罪。

303.white-collar crime ：白領(lǐng)犯罪

Crimes committed by persons in businesses including expense-account padding, stealing office supplies, price-fixing, product fraud, etc.公司職員的犯罪，包括虛報(bào)開支、偷盜辦公用品、私定價(jià)格、產(chǎn)品欺詐等。

Businesses are losing millions of dollars, and products are more expensive due to white-collar crime.由于白領(lǐng)犯罪，企業(yè)界每年損失數(shù)百萬美元，產(chǎn)品也因之更貴。

20005年關(guān)鍵詞

倉皇撤退（cut and run）

隨著伊拉克沖突拖的時(shí)間越來越長，有關(guān)戰(zhàn)爭的詞匯也發(fā)生了變化。到明年3月份，這場戰(zhàn)斗就滿三年了，所有的人都不知道接下來會(huì)出現(xiàn)什么情況。那些希望部隊(duì)趕快撤回來的人講一些聽上去令人寒心而又武斷的行話，諸如“時(shí)間表”和“基準(zhǔn)”等。那些不那么急于讓部隊(duì)撤回來的人似乎采用眼下最刻薄的詞匯嘲笑那些大談撤軍的人：“倉皇撤退”。

卡倫·希爾森達(dá)格的兒子戰(zhàn)死在伊拉克沙場。她說：“現(xiàn)在，人們經(jīng)常聽到?倉皇撤退?這個(gè)詞，我認(rèn)為這意味著放棄和丟失。”

然而，這些激烈的言辭反而把她搞糊涂了。離開伊拉克就是放棄那里的人民，并且不把她兒子等2100多名士兵作出的犧牲當(dāng)回事嗎？或者呆著不走只會(huì)使暴力行動(dòng)變得更加嚴(yán)重嗎？她說：“我認(rèn)為這是一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的問題。我不知道什么是真實(shí)情況、什么只是嘴上說說而已?！?在軍隊(duì)里也有一套完全不同的語言。日常會(huì)話中混雜著咒罵的詞匯、首字母縮寫詞和不敏感的代名字。例如，在伊拉克服役的布賴恩·特納說，他所在的部隊(duì)用“阿里巴巴”指代叛亂分子，就像：“你看到附近有阿里巴巴嗎？” 形象的泡沫（froth）

艾倫·格林斯潘在擔(dān)任美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)主席的18年時(shí)間里，因?yàn)樯瞄L一句話長達(dá)50個(gè)字而著稱。對(duì)于這樣的長句，人們幾乎不可能理清其含意。不過，他偶爾也會(huì)說出一個(gè)看來切中美國經(jīng)濟(jì)問題的詞語。

今年5月，在一次演講之后，格林斯潘在回答提問時(shí)說，房地產(chǎn)市場“至少是有一點(diǎn)泡沫（froth）的”。他并非是第一個(gè)用froth表示泡沫的人，但是這個(gè)詞從他嘴里出來，立即就成了全國上下議論的話題。

這其中的魅力很簡單：這是一個(gè)有趣的詞，可以讓人聯(lián)想到嬰兒洗澡或者熱卡普契諾咖啡。但是，與另一個(gè)意思同為泡沫的詞bubble相比，froth在描述美國房地產(chǎn)市場的困擾時(shí)更加細(xì)致入微。在字典里，froth是指一串泡沫，而不是一個(gè)大泡沫。格林斯潘5月份強(qiáng)調(diào)，不存在全國范圍的房地產(chǎn)泡沫。這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)得到了多數(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家的認(rèn)同。如果你在過去20年間在印第安納州或紐約州北部擁有一處房子，并看著它的升值只比通貨膨脹快了一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)，那么你會(huì)比許多大城市居民更能理解這個(gè)概念。

但是，格林斯潘還說，美國其他不少地方房地產(chǎn)價(jià)值迅速升高的現(xiàn)象不可能持續(xù)太久。他說：“不難看出，有許多地方泡沫?！?/p>

智能設(shè)計(jì)（intelligent design）

詞匯會(huì)進(jìn)化，就連進(jìn)化論懷疑者創(chuàng)造的詞匯也不例外。以“智能設(shè)計(jì)”（intelligent design）一詞為例，它已被達(dá)爾文的批評(píng)者使用了100多年，但直到最近才突然作為一種理念和運(yùn)動(dòng)備受關(guān)注。據(jù)其信徒稱，它的宗旨是解釋自然界“不可簡化的復(fù)雜性”。

總部設(shè)在西雅圖的發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)會(huì)將“智能設(shè)計(jì)”作為除自然選擇之外的另一種解釋來宣傳。該學(xué)會(huì)說，這個(gè)詞最早可能出自牛津大學(xué)的學(xué)者F·C·S·席勒，他在1897年寫道：“進(jìn)化過程或許是以某種高智能的設(shè)計(jì)為指導(dǎo)，這種推想不可能被完全否定?！?/p>

不過，頗為矛盾的是，稱上帝為全知全能的設(shè)計(jì)者的19世紀(jì)最知名科學(xué)家之一————哈佛大學(xué)植物學(xué)家阿薩·格雷———同樣也是達(dá)爾文的堅(jiān)定支持者。格雷教授是達(dá)爾文的密友，他贊同達(dá)爾文的許多觀點(diǎn)，在人們指責(zé)達(dá)爾文不敬神時(shí)為他辯護(hù)，還對(duì)《物種起源》一書頗有好評(píng)。《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》曾發(fā)表一篇對(duì)格雷教授1880年的著作《自然科學(xué)與宗教》的評(píng)論，稱他證明“進(jìn)化論能與關(guān)于智能設(shè)計(jì)的信仰和諧共存”。

“智能設(shè)計(jì)”的理念曾被阿薩·格雷用來調(diào)和自然選擇理論與基督教神學(xué)，但現(xiàn)在卻被推介為達(dá)爾文理論之外的另一種可能，事實(shí)上是對(duì)達(dá)爾文理論的挑戰(zhàn)。什么東西變了？科學(xué)歷史學(xué)家薩拉·瓊·邁爾斯說，科學(xué)和宗教現(xiàn)在變得對(duì)彼此日益恐懼和戒備。

第五篇：高口2011秋季口試真題

2011年下半年口譯內(nèi)部真題、考官點(diǎn)評(píng)及權(quán)威參考答案

2011年下半年高級(jí)口譯資格證書第二階段考試已落下帷幕，回顧今年試題及考生情況，有幾點(diǎn)體會(huì)與考生分享，供今后復(fù)習(xí)備考參考。

1）重視教材，領(lǐng)會(huì)透徹，訓(xùn)練扎實(shí)。充分利用高口教程，熟悉教程內(nèi)容。和歷年一樣，今年第二階段的試題均涉及高級(jí)口譯資格證書口譯教材內(nèi)容，分別為第12課的中國發(fā)展（英譯中）和第9課的文化交流（中譯英）。這驗(yàn)證了一句話：如果覺得題目難，很大程度上是因?yàn)閷?duì)它不熟悉。如果沒有事先看過口譯書，將會(huì)很吃虧。同時(shí)，練習(xí)時(shí)不能只看書，而應(yīng)做到手，耳，口三者結(jié)合?？谧g將聽、寫、說三方面結(jié)合起來，所以練習(xí)時(shí)一定要注重速記和口頭翻譯的鍛煉。在練習(xí)過程中，要有意識(shí)地將自己口譯錄下來，在回放過程中尋找自己的不足。根據(jù)考生經(jīng)驗(yàn)，這一點(diǎn)對(duì)備考很有幫助?？傊?，妥善利用口譯教程定將助力第二階段考試。試看以下四例，尤其關(guān)注劃線部分常用結(jié)構(gòu)、詞匯以及相對(duì)應(yīng)的表達(dá)，這些都是考生應(yīng)試過程中或多或少出現(xiàn)問題的部分。

例1

這個(gè)月中美兩國的學(xué)生開展了為期半個(gè)月的“美中城市學(xué)生看中國”活動(dòng)。兩國學(xué)生在河北八卦嶺走訪農(nóng)家，參加農(nóng)村社區(qū)服務(wù)活動(dòng)，互相教授英語和漢語；在北京參觀長城、故宮等景點(diǎn)，并就校園生活、升學(xué)、就業(yè)等主題進(jìn)行交流。

這段考生總體表現(xiàn)較好，部分考生熟練度不夠，語法小錯(cuò)誤較多?！伴_展”這類常規(guī)詞考生應(yīng)十分熟練并常備幾個(gè)詞替換，如：launch, conduct, carry out等；“為期”因與時(shí)間短語搭配常用作前置修飾語，建議使用如譯文提供的簡單表達(dá)方式，以節(jié)約時(shí)間。專題活動(dòng)、會(huì)議等名稱英語慣用語多為名詞或介詞短語，極少出現(xiàn)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)或完整句形式，否則易出現(xiàn)語法錯(cuò)誤。除約定俗成的專有名稱，其他地名一般按拼音譯即可?！熬??問題／主題進(jìn)行討論／交換意見／交流”也是口譯常用句型，須脫口而出，如：“hold talks / exchange views on issues concerning?/ on such issues as?”。

活動(dòng)中，兩國學(xué)生克服語言和文化障礙，超越習(xí)俗和偏見，通過溝通和互動(dòng)，結(jié)下了深厚的友誼。依依惜別之時(shí)，兩國學(xué)生彼此承諾：努力學(xué)習(xí)，健康成長，未來再相會(huì)。從兩國學(xué)生的身上，我看到了中美人民之間的深厚友誼，看到了中美關(guān)系的光明前景。

這段有的考生受中文字詞表面意義的影響過多，如“依依惜別、深厚”，譯文中式英語痕跡重；有的過于簡化，信息遺漏多，如：“健康成長”等?！翱朔?、超越”這類近義詞應(yīng)盡量用比“overcome”搭配力更強(qiáng)的一個(gè)詞統(tǒng)領(lǐng)，從而把重點(diǎn)放在并列的賓語信息上，即：“語言和文化障礙，習(xí)俗和偏見”。“通過”這類表示方法和手段的詞，可采用兩種譯法，一是用介詞短語置于句末，如：“forge?with / through / by?”。二是按原句順序譯，調(diào)換主從關(guān)系，把后半句譯成結(jié)果，如：“they communicate and interact with each other, forging?”?！跋e／告別”常用表達(dá)為“part”，不熟悉這個(gè)詞的人較多，需平時(shí)多積累。參考譯文：

This month American and Chinese students joined in a 15-day program entitled “China in the Eyes of American and Chinese City Students”.They visited farmers in Bagualing of Hebei Province, did volunteer work in rural communities and taught each other English and Chinese.They visited the Great Wall, the Forbidden City and other tourist attractions, and had discussions on topics such as campus life, admission to college and job hunting.During the program, the students went beyond language and cultural barriers, differences in customs and views, and forged friendship through communication and interaction.When it came to the time of parting, the students promised to each other that they would study hard, keep fit and meet again in the future.I see in these students the profound friendship between Chinese and American peoples and the bright prospect of Sino-U.S relations.例2

我們歷來主張中美兩國文明雖有不同，卻不相斥；雖有差異，卻能交融。中美兩國建交以來，人民之間的交往不斷擴(kuò)大。兩國已締結(jié)了163對(duì)姊妹城市。去年，到中國旅游的美國人多達(dá)182萬人次，中國赴美探親、求學(xué)、經(jīng)商的有54萬人次。

部分考生未透徹理解“相斥、交融”含義，或未注意中文重復(fù)結(jié)構(gòu)與英文之間的轉(zhuǎn)換，譯文拖沓冗長，意義重疊?！跋喑狻笨勺g為“go against / exclude each other”，“交融”可譯為“coexist in harmony / accommodate / integrate into each other”等?！半m然”建議多使用介詞“despite”，可使語句簡短?！版⒚贸鞘小边@類詞不必死譯，其含義為“友好城市”，此句可意譯為“163 pairs of cities have built up friendly relations”。另外，基本的數(shù)字須譯得準(zhǔn)確、迅速，免得占用太多時(shí)間，影響其他部分的翻譯。平時(shí)可多做數(shù)字練習(xí)加強(qiáng)。

中國人民自古以來珍惜“和為貴”、“和而不同”的價(jià)值觀。作為世界上有重要影響的大國，中美應(yīng)該相互尊重、相互學(xué)習(xí)、求同存異、取長補(bǔ)短，為不同文明之間和諧共存、進(jìn)行建設(shè)性合作樹立榜樣，為實(shí)現(xiàn)人類的共同發(fā)展作出貢獻(xiàn)。

“和為貴”、“和而不同”意思近似“和平共處、和諧而不必完全一致”，此句也可合并譯為“Chinese people have always cherished the values of peace / peaceful coexistence / coexistence in harmony”。對(duì)于 “求同存異、取長補(bǔ)短”這類常見詞，雖然譯法多樣，也需根據(jù)信息多少、句式長短靈活處理，合并意義重復(fù)部分（“相互學(xué)習(xí)”），可譯為：“recognize our similarities and differences, and learn from each other’s experience / draw on each other’s strength / advantages?”。“為??作出貢獻(xiàn)”也屬常用句型，可直譯為“contribute to / make contribution to”，也可意譯為“促進(jìn)／推動(dòng)”之意，如：“facilitate / propel / drive / press forward / promote”等。參考譯文：

We have always held that the Chinese and U.S.civilizations can get along with instead of repelling each other despite our differences.Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States, there are more extensive contacts between the two peoples, and 163 pairs of sister cities have been twinned.More than 1.82 million Americans visited China last year while 540,000 Chinese went to the States for family reunion, education or business.Since ancient times, Chinese people have treasured the values of “peace as most precious” and “harmony without uniformity.” As major countries of globa1 influence, China and the United States should respect each other and draw upon our respective strengths, seek common ground while recognizing our differences.In so doing, we can set a good example for civilizations to coexist in harmony for constructive cooperation, hence contributing to the common development of humanity.例3

Most of China’s growth over the past 30 years can be explained by high rates of investment and the movement of workers from subsistence farming to more productive use in industry.But China’s growth is not based simply on cheap labor.It also has the advantages of good infrastructure, an educated workforce, a high rate of savings available to finance investment and, most important of all, an extremely open economy.“can be explained by?”為英語常用句型，表原因，譯為“是因?yàn)??”。這句考生理解上沒問題，但表達(dá)速度略慢，對(duì)句型熟練度不夠。另外，考生對(duì)劃線部分的口譯經(jīng)濟(jì)類常用詞也不夠熟悉，減慢了信息理解和處理速度；“available to?”等慣用表達(dá)在中文對(duì)應(yīng)詞找得較慢，一時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)換影響不過來，整體譯文。平時(shí)訓(xùn)練需注重積累，并多做、常做視譯練習(xí)，加快中、英文語言和思維轉(zhuǎn)換速度。

China has the lowest tariff protection of any developing country.Moreover, China has welcomed foreign direct investment, which has bolstered growth by increasing the stock of fixed capital and providing new technology and management know-how.Joint ventures with foreign firms produce 28 percent of China’s industrial output.As a latecomer, China does not need to reinvent the wheel, but merely to open its economy to ideas from the rich world – which it has done with great enthusiasm.本句問題與上句類似，主要是經(jīng)濟(jì)類常用詞的理解和表達(dá)，另需關(guān)注英語常用的關(guān)系從句，即傳統(tǒng)語法所說的定語從句譯法。

參考譯文：

中國過去30年的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長主要?dú)w功于高投資率，歸功于勞動(dòng)力從自給自足農(nóng)業(yè)流向工業(yè)，從而提高了生產(chǎn)力。但中國的發(fā)展并非僅依賴廉價(jià)勞動(dòng)力，它還有其他許多優(yōu)勢：良好的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，教育程度較高的勞動(dòng)力，可用于金融投資的高儲(chǔ)蓄，而最重要的是，中國的經(jīng)濟(jì)極為開放。

中國的關(guān)稅保護(hù)是發(fā)展中國家中最低的。中國也歡迎外商直接投資，通過增加固定資本、引進(jìn)新的技術(shù)和管理知識(shí)保持經(jīng)濟(jì)增長。中國與外商建立的合資企業(yè)產(chǎn)值已占工業(yè)總產(chǎn)值的28％。作為后起之秀，中國不必重復(fù)別人走過的老路，而只需開放經(jīng)濟(jì)，吸收富裕世界的理念——而這些正是中國滿懷熱情完成的事情。

例4

Napoleon left with the world his famous saying that “Let China sleep, for when she awakes she will shake the world.” He was ahead of his time, but now the dragon is certainly awake.Since 1978, when Deng Xiaoping first set his country on a path of economic reform, its GDP has grown by an average of 9.5 percent a year, three times the growth rate in the United States, and faster than in any other economy.In fact, China was the largest economy for much of the recorded history.本句除經(jīng)濟(jì)類常用詞和數(shù)字、倍數(shù)的理解和表達(dá)外，還應(yīng)注意中文表達(dá)地道，語句間的銜接連貫，如：“was ahead of his time”，以及關(guān)系從句“when”的譯法。Until the l5th century, China had the highest income per head and was the technological leader.But then it suddenly turned its back on the world.Its rulers imposed strict limits on international trade and tightened their control on new technology.Measured by GDP per person it was overtaken by Europe by l500.Much to the surprise of the world, China is now rejuvenating itself, making up lost ground and catching up.本句主要是熟練掌握劃線部分經(jīng)濟(jì)和改革類常用詞的理解和表達(dá)，另需關(guān)注固定詞組如：“turned one’s back on”。另外，像“measured by”這類主要起語法作用的表達(dá)可直譯為“按照／根據(jù)”，也可融合在上下文里略去不譯。參考譯文：

拿破侖有句名言說，“讓中國沉睡吧！當(dāng)她覺醒時(shí)，全球?qū)橹鸷??！蹦闷苼鍪怯羞h(yuǎn)見／先見之明的。如今這條巨龍顯然已覺醒。自1978年鄧小平將中國推上經(jīng)濟(jì)改革之路以來，中國國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值以年均9.5％的速度增長，是美國同期增長的三倍，并超過其他任何一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)體增長速度。事實(shí)上，有史以來大多數(shù)時(shí)間中國都是世界上最大的經(jīng)濟(jì)體。

15世紀(jì)以前中國的人均收入為全世界最高，技術(shù)也處于世界領(lǐng)先地位。但后來突然中國閉關(guān)鎖國，統(tǒng)治者對(duì)國際貿(mào)易實(shí)行嚴(yán)格限制，對(duì)新技術(shù)的引進(jìn)也嚴(yán)加控制。到1500年，中國人均國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值已被歐洲趕超。如今令世人矚目的是，中國正在重整旗鼓、收復(fù)失地、迎頭趕上。

2）口譯話題一般中規(guī)中矩，圍繞國際關(guān)系、文化溝通、社會(huì)問題、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、教育交流、科技、旅游介紹、環(huán)保能源等幾大方面，這些經(jīng)典考點(diǎn)大家在準(zhǔn)備時(shí)需要熟練?？谧g考試走的是大眾化路線，一般不考很專業(yè)很生僻的內(nèi)容，所以不用多花時(shí)間背專業(yè)名詞和冷僻詞，應(yīng)把這些時(shí)間花在練習(xí)口譯常用句型上，大家可以把教材中相關(guān)主題文章的關(guān)鍵句整理出來練熟，這樣就省去花精力看某一篇長文。以今年考題為例，涉及內(nèi)容包括：亞洲經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、文化差異、國際文化藝術(shù)節(jié)、大學(xué)校長演講（哈佛大學(xué)前校長勞倫斯?哈默及香港中文大學(xué)）、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和電子商務(wù)、信息技術(shù)、道路交通安全、人權(quán)及人類發(fā)展（婦女權(quán)利）、旅游參觀（海南島簡介）、運(yùn)動(dòng)與健康（瑜珈）。資料來源大多出自北京周刊、時(shí)代雜志、經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家等中英文期刊和相關(guān)網(wǎng)站。以下選取各段中的重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分析，注意按照不同話題類別積累如劃線部分的結(jié)構(gòu)和表達(dá)。

例1

Asia’s success was the result of economic policies that encouraged business investment.It tells that domestic economic policies must continue to be geared toward building resilient and competitive economies.This requires, in particular, strengthening domestic sources of growth, including by vigorously tackling incomplete reforms in the financial and corporate sectors.It also requires pursuing policies that make economies more capable of absorbing economic shocks more easily.Next, growing regional and global interdependence requires that policy makers pay increasing attention to the international context of their decisions.A regional focus that remains open to the rest of the world holds great promise for Asia’s long-term growth.本句考生主要失誤的地方是劃線詞語和句型的表達(dá)，如：“be geared toward, corporate sectors”，雖算不上完全陌生，但因平時(shí)自己使用不多，看到或聽到時(shí)僅滿足于大致理解，因此出現(xiàn)理解慢半拍，表達(dá)詞窮的現(xiàn)象。另外，最后一句中的關(guān)系從句以及短語“holds great promise”也是給考生造成困難的部分，訓(xùn)練時(shí)這類句型要多關(guān)注，不斷進(jìn)行中、英文轉(zhuǎn)換。參考譯文：

亞洲的成功是奉行鼓勵(lì)商業(yè)投資的經(jīng)濟(jì)政策的結(jié)果。亞洲的成功表明，國內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)政策必須繼續(xù)朝著有利于建立靈活而有競爭力的經(jīng)濟(jì)方向發(fā)展，尤其是要加強(qiáng)國內(nèi)發(fā)展源頭，包括大力完善金融和公司部門的改革，以及奉行更容易消融震蕩的經(jīng)濟(jì)政策。其次，地區(qū)和全球之間越來越相互依存，這要求決策者必須更多考慮決策的國際背景。一個(gè)面向世界的地區(qū)焦點(diǎn)展示了亞洲長期發(fā)展的美好前景。

例2

The published economic data is igniting fears of a serious U.S.economic downturn.However, economic recovery has come full circle.The growth propped by the US economic recovery reached its peak last year.The engines to that growth have been weakened and left almost powerless heading into the next half.Second, the US government will begin imposing more taxes on businesses.More signals are indicating a lack of growth motivation.本句一開始的“ignite”一詞就給考生理解上帶來些小麻煩，在加上對(duì)

“downturn”和“come to full circle”兩個(gè)表達(dá)理解不夠透徹，所以譯文出錯(cuò)。同時(shí)因?yàn)槔斫怄湑簳r(shí)中斷，影響到對(duì)后面幾句邏輯關(guān)聯(lián)的理解和筆記跟進(jìn)。而其他如：“prop, engine, heading into the next half”等劃線詞語和結(jié)構(gòu)也延緩了考生的反應(yīng)速度。其實(shí)翻譯時(shí)若能選擇“避開”戰(zhàn)略，跳過“下半年”這部分，句子還是可以譯得比較通順的，但大多數(shù)考生糾結(jié)于聽懂或譯出每個(gè)詞句，被字詞束縛住了手腳，未能從上下文確定意義。因此以后考生需注意培養(yǎng)根據(jù)上下文推測詞義、句意，并按照邏輯關(guān)系把握全篇的意識(shí)。參考譯文：

已公布的經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)引起了對(duì)美國經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退的擔(dān)憂。然而，經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇已全面來臨。由美國經(jīng)濟(jì)恢復(fù)支撐的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長去年已達(dá)到頂點(diǎn)。這一增長的動(dòng)力受到削弱，因而今年下半年已呈軟弱無力之勢。其次，美國政府將增加對(duì)公司企業(yè)的征稅。更多跡象表明增長動(dòng)力的疲乏。

例3

文化差異是由于地域、種族、歷史、環(huán)境，以及經(jīng)濟(jì)、科學(xué)、技術(shù)水平的差異產(chǎn)生的。文化差異呼喚文化交流。文化差異賦予我們色彩斑斕的世界和豐富多彩的生活。差異使我們相互吸引，差異使距離拉得更近。事實(shí)上，我們已經(jīng)生活在一個(gè)文化彼此交融的時(shí)代。當(dāng)然，不同文化的相聚不可能永遠(yuǎn)不發(fā)生沖突碰撞。

本句挑戰(zhàn)性不大，只要考生對(duì)文化類話題的基本詞匯和句型（如劃線部分所示）熟練即可，但也不可忽視語言質(zhì)量，避免過多或過于低級(jí)的語法和表達(dá)錯(cuò)誤。參考譯文：

Cultural differences arise from a difference in region, race, history, environment and the development of economy, science and technology, and call for cultural exchanges.They also present us a diverse world and a colourful life, reducing the geographical distances and drawing us closer.In fact, we are living at a time when different cultures are merging into each other.It is true that different cultures do not always come together without conflicts or collision.例4

很高興與各位共同參加中國上海國際藝術(shù)節(jié)。今晚的壓軸表演為藝術(shù)節(jié)劃上完美的句號(hào)。中國上海國際藝術(shù)節(jié)已連續(xù)舉辦了十一年，而且表演節(jié)目一年比一年精彩。在金融風(fēng)暴肆虐下，藝術(shù)節(jié)振奮人心，讓我們深深感受到藝術(shù)之美，人生之美。此外，藝術(shù)節(jié)亦展現(xiàn)上海作為亞洲文化中心的魅力，提升我們的軟實(shí)力。

本句難度也不高，只是有些考生聽到“壓軸表演”以及稍微花哨一點(diǎn)的中文就開始頭痛，未能積極思考對(duì)策，錯(cuò)失通過良機(jī)。這句完全可以避開“壓軸”，只譯“表演”，雖不精確，但至少意義接近，遠(yuǎn)比胡譯亂譯好?！皠澤贤昝谰涮?hào)”也可譯為“provide ? with / give ? a perfect ending”等?！斑B續(xù)十一年”還可譯成“for 11 consecutive years”。還需理解并學(xué)會(huì)繞過“一年比一年”而專注于一般比較結(jié)構(gòu)?！熬省币部勺g為“wonderful, fantastic”等近義詞，不過“engaging”詞義更貼切，因含有“吸引注意力”之意?！八僚啊北緸樘撝?，作用是加強(qiáng)語義，所以可以選擇不譯?！败泴?shí)力”也可理解為無形的實(shí)力，譯成“intangible strength”，甚至還可以籠統(tǒng)地譯成綜合實(shí)力“overall strength”，只要達(dá)意即可。高口的漢譯英部分要尤其注意“達(dá)意”的目標(biāo)，避免“一葉障目”，“只見樹木，不見森林”。參考譯文：

It is a pleasure to join you for this year’s China Shanghai International Arts Festival.The performance tonight concludes the Festival with a high note.The Festival has been held for 11 years in a row, with the performances more engaging.During the current economic turmoil, the Festival has lifted our spirits, reminding us of the beauty of art and life.It also enhances Shanghai’s appeal and soft power as a cultural hub in Asia.例5

Stanford University is a university that is very open and inclusive to persons of all faiths, all races, all over the country and the world.But we still have a long way to go if we are going to get the benefits that diverse perspectives provide.We must cast our net for excellence as widely as we possibly can.There has not been a single period in Stanford’s history that it has achieved so remarkably.It is because we see the potential of what is going to come.We take the long view and increase our investment, and bring in the best scholars, let them follow their imaginations, and don’t try to direct them.In the long run, it is their knowledge that will pay off.本句主要問題是考生對(duì)“inclusive to + sb.”這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)把握不準(zhǔn)確，致使翻譯時(shí)思維受阻，對(duì)略帶比喻含義的“cast our net”短語意義也不很確定。至于其后的幾個(gè)劃線短語，均因中文表達(dá)不暢，一時(shí)找不到合適的對(duì)應(yīng)詞而失分。從本句看，考生在學(xué)習(xí)英語的過程中也應(yīng)注重中文語言能力的提高。參考譯文：

斯坦福大學(xué)是一所非常開放的大學(xué)，無論你什么信仰、種族、來自美國哪個(gè)州，或哪個(gè)國家，任何人都可以進(jìn)入斯坦福大學(xué)。但如想從多元化的好處中受益，我們?nèi)杂泻荛L一段路要走。我們必須盡可能擴(kuò)大網(wǎng)羅天下英才的網(wǎng)絡(luò)。在斯坦福大學(xué)的辦學(xué)史上，從來沒有哪一時(shí)期像現(xiàn)在這樣取得如此令人矚目的成就。這是因?yàn)槲覀兛吹搅税l(fā)展的潛能，我們著眼未來，加大投資，引進(jìn)一流學(xué)者，讓他們充分發(fā)揮想象力時(shí)，不去指揮他們。從長遠(yuǎn)來看，正是這些一流學(xué)者的知識(shí)才會(huì)有價(jià)值。

例6

On behalf of my fellow honorary graduates and myself, I wish to express our heartfelt gratitude to the University for the high honors which have been conferred on us and for the generous citations today.With its global vision and its mission to combine tradition with modernity, this university is a unique institution that makes an invaluable contribution.The University must be commended on what it has achieved.I trust that you will do your part to contribute to the development of your Alma Mater in future years.Youth is the trustee of posterity.Looking into the future, our young people should, as much as possible, prepare themselves for the exciting challenges ahead.本句較難，主要問題是不熟悉的詞匯多，考生聽到較陌生的詞時(shí)仍會(huì)習(xí)慣性停下來思考，因而錯(cuò)過其他部分。如首句的“honorary”這個(gè)詞，一旦詞義理解受阻，考生似乎就自動(dòng)停止，不再向前了。實(shí)際上，像“confer, citations”這些詞時(shí)都可以依據(jù)上下文猜測大致含義。很多考生把“commend”誤聽成“comment”或“recommend”，說明對(duì)英語慣用法掌握不牢固。對(duì)于像“Alma Mater”和“trustee of posterity”這種使用頻率并不很高的短語，在不確定詞義的情況下可以選擇不譯，以免出現(xiàn)重大錯(cuò)誤，但選擇不譯時(shí)，要對(duì)譯文進(jìn)行適當(dāng)調(diào)整或合理補(bǔ)充，如：“必定會(huì)竭盡全力為未來的發(fā)展做貢獻(xiàn)”和“青年是未來的希望”等。參考譯文：

我謹(jǐn)代表其他與我一起領(lǐng)受榮譽(yù)學(xué)位的人士，對(duì)校方今天頒予我們這項(xiàng)崇高榮譽(yù)及嘉許，致以由衷的感謝。這所大學(xué)既具備國際視野，同時(shí)又將傳統(tǒng)性與現(xiàn)代性結(jié)合在一起，貢獻(xiàn)卓著。貴校所取得的成就值得稱頌。我深信你們他日必定會(huì)盡你們所能，為母校的發(fā)展作出貢獻(xiàn)，回饋母校。未來掌握在年輕人手里。展望將來，年輕人應(yīng)為迎接未來令人振奮的挑戰(zhàn)而做好充分準(zhǔn)備。

例7

隨著電信技術(shù)的迅速發(fā)展，世界貿(mào)易一體化的趨勢不可逆轉(zhuǎn)。當(dāng)今，以網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)為基礎(chǔ)的電子商務(wù)是一個(gè)不可或缺的貿(mào)易方式。電子商務(wù)充分利用了信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的高科技手段，它的突出特點(diǎn)和優(yōu)勢是：向所有交易主體提供了先進(jìn)的交易模式和平等的交易機(jī)會(huì)，大大減少交易的中間環(huán)節(jié)，縮短交易時(shí)間，從而打破資源局限，提高經(jīng)濟(jì)效率。

本句難度不高，關(guān)鍵依然是詞義理解和意義轉(zhuǎn)換?！安豢赡孓D(zhuǎn)”不一定非得譯成“irreversible”，如果不知道這個(gè)詞，或者一時(shí)想不起來，也可用其他詞替換，改句合在一起可以譯成“the integration of world trade is definite / certain”或“world trade is definitely / certainly moving towards integration”?！安豢苫蛉薄边€可譯成“essential / crucial”等意義接近的表達(dá)。“交易主體”也可譯成“traders / business people”等類似表達(dá)。“中間環(huán)節(jié)”還可意譯成“steps”或合譯為“simplify the trading procedure”等。參考譯文：

Alongside the rapid development of telecommunication technologies, the trend of the integration of world trade is irreversible.Today, based on network technology, electronic commerce is an indispensable means of trade.Making full use of high technology such as information and Internet technology, E-commerce has its remarkable features and advantages.It offers all trading bodies advanced trading pattern and equal trading opportunities;it reduces intermediate links of trading and saves trading time, thus breaking the limitations on resources and improving business efficiency.例8

Every year, road traffic injuries are the leading cause of death for persons aged between 15 and 44.The estimated cost of death and injuries on the road is a staggering US$ 518 billion.We will encourage countries to implement the International Red Cross Plan of Action.We look forward to working with all concerned to find effective ways of addressing the terrible loss of life and resources which the global road traffic crisis has produced.As the old saying goes, “All roads are covered with good intentions”.Let us work together to make these intentions a reality.本句除數(shù)字仍使有些考生頭痛外，主要難點(diǎn)還是如何利用篇章邏輯確定常用詞在上下文中的含義，如：“concerned”或“staggering”。此外，考生應(yīng)牢記，在遇到熟悉的動(dòng)詞謂語出現(xiàn)在不熟悉的搭配中時(shí)，要依據(jù)“先賓后動(dòng)”的原則，根據(jù)賓語轉(zhuǎn)化動(dòng)詞表達(dá)，即先確定“good intentions”詞義及其與主語“all roads”之間的關(guān)系，然后再聯(lián)系全篇思考有什么詞可與這個(gè)含義搭配，如可譯成“道路安全需要／依賴于人們的良好愿望／善意”等。參考譯文：

道路交通傷害占所有傷害致死的四分之一。更讓人憂心的是，對(duì)15到44歲的人而言，道路交通傷害是死亡的罪魁禍?zhǔn)?。?jù)估計(jì),道路致死及傷害造成的全球損失估計(jì)可高達(dá)5180億美元。我們鼓勵(lì)各國實(shí)施國際紅十字行動(dòng)計(jì)劃。我們期待和有關(guān)方面合作找到有效方法，解決全球道路交通傷害所引發(fā)的重大人員和資源的損失。一句老話說的好，“所有道路都是由良好愿望鋪成?！弊屛覀児餐κ乖竿烧妗?/p>

例9

婦委會(huì)自成立以來，制定推動(dòng)?jì)D女發(fā)展的策略，研究婦女需要，解決婦女面臨的各種問題。政府全力支持婦委會(huì)的工作，努力消除社會(huì)上對(duì)婦女的偏見。我期望能繼續(xù)與國內(nèi)外的朋友保持緊密聯(lián)系，就促進(jìn)婦女權(quán)益和福祉互相交流、彼此學(xué)習(xí)，延續(xù)世界婦女大會(huì)的精神，繼續(xù)致力提供有利婦女發(fā)展的環(huán)境，共同為促進(jìn)兩性平等而努力。

本句整體難度并不高，都是些慣用詞和句型（如劃線部分所示，其中包括前文提到過的“就??”結(jié)構(gòu)），但有些考生一聽到“婦委會(huì)”、“福祉”等詞就認(rèn)定句子很難，產(chǎn)生放棄的念頭?？谧g因討論主題較正式，內(nèi)容與日常會(huì)話不同，可能略顯枯燥，考生應(yīng)逐步習(xí)慣，平時(shí)無論話題內(nèi)容喜歡與否，都要反復(fù)訓(xùn)練，積極備戰(zhàn)，不可厚此薄彼，存僥幸心理，避開自己不喜歡或不擅長的主題領(lǐng)域。參考譯文：

Since its establishment, the Women’s Commission formulated strategies for the advancement of women development, identifying women's needs and addressing all matters of concern to women.The Government has rendered its full support to the Women's Commission and will strive to eliminate any gender bias in the society.I hope that we will continue to maintain close liaison with the friends from around the world, and to exchange and learn from each other to achieve the goal of promoting women's rights and interests.Let us build upon the spirit of the World Conference on Women, continue to foster a favorable environment for women’s development and join our hands to strive for gender equality.例10

海南是位于中國最南端的美麗島嶼。這里的熱帶海洋氣候特色非常明顯，長達(dá)1528公里的海岸線一半為沙岸。海岸線陽光充足明媚，使得游客們在一年中多數(shù)時(shí)間都可進(jìn)行日光浴。歷史上的火山噴發(fā)，在海南島留下了許多死火山口。島上溫泉分布廣泛，大多屬于治療性溫泉，非常適于發(fā)展融觀光、療養(yǎng)、科研等為一體的旅游。來海南旅游的人們被這座迷人的海島所深深吸引，流連忘返。

本句初聽似乎有點(diǎn)難，但實(shí)際上大多有難點(diǎn)的地方都可以通過避讓或換詞的方法解決。如只譯“熱帶氣候”，避開“海洋”；用“volcanoes that are no longer active”替代“extinct volcanoes”；用“hot springs for medical purpose / for the treatment of diseases”表達(dá)“治療性溫泉”的含義?！氨??所吸引”也可譯為“be enchanted by / be drawn to”；“流連忘返”還可譯成“find it hard to leave”等。

參考譯文：

Hainan, a beautiful island located at the southern tip of China, enjoys distinctively tropical maritime climate.Along the 1528-kilometer-long coastline of Hainan, the sandy beaches take about 50%.The ample and enchanting sunshine on the beaches allows the tourists to enjoy sunbathing during most time of the year.The volcanic eruptions in the history have left many extinct volcanic vents on the island.Hot springs are widely distributed there, most of which therapeutic ones, which renders it an ideal place to develop integrated tourism that combines sightseeing, recuperation as well as research.Those who visit Hainan are usually so fascinated by this charming island that they feel reluctant to leave.例12 The Indian tradition develops ways of describing the body as it is experienced, from the inside out.The Western tradition looks at the body from the outside in, and peels it back one layer at a time, and it believes only what it can see.The East treats the person;the West treats the disease.Yoga relaxes you and, by relaxing, heals.When you do yoga, you initiate a process that turns the fight system off and turns the relaxation response on.The body seizes this chance to turn on the healing mechanisms.Yoga offers modern men and women a moment of relaxation when noise and agitation are everywhere.本句有一定難度，屬于理解不難，順暢表達(dá)較難的類型，要求考生從整體上把握全篇，注意句與句之間的起承轉(zhuǎn)合，適當(dāng)補(bǔ)充添加，如第三句中的比較含義以及第四句中“heals”一詞的補(bǔ)充譯法。透徹理解后，表達(dá)時(shí)要能夠擺脫原文形式上的束縛，跳出框框，準(zhǔn)確達(dá)意，如第一、二句中劃線部分的處理。其余部分的表現(xiàn)依然取決于考生對(duì)類似“initiate, mechanism”等常規(guī)詞語的熟悉程度。參考譯文：

在印度，人們對(duì)身體的認(rèn)知是由里及外的。而西方的傳統(tǒng)是由外及里地逐層認(rèn)識(shí)人的身體，西方人只相信他們能看到的東西。東方人治病講究治人，而西方人治病只是針對(duì)疾病本身。瑜伽使身體放松，通過放松達(dá)到治愈。做瑜伽時(shí)，開始消除緊張，身體開始得到放松。人體機(jī)能利用這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)得到修復(fù)。瑜伽讓現(xiàn)代人在嘈雜、喧鬧的環(huán)境中得到片刻安寧。

總之，口譯練習(xí)應(yīng)遵循以下原則：

1）聽譯原則：每天做聽譯練習(xí)，即聽力加筆記再加口譯。很多同學(xué)誤以為復(fù)習(xí)教材就是先看原文，劃出不知道的短語和生詞，然后翻到課后看答案就算完成任務(wù)了。但是到了考場才發(fā)現(xiàn)，實(shí)考是沒有任何文字可看的，其實(shí)是備考的方法錯(cuò)了。

2）嚴(yán)格控制時(shí)間：口譯的一個(gè)主要壓力是時(shí)間。高口聽譯長度為20-50秒不等，在較長的段落聽譯中，不記筆記不大可能。所以平時(shí)練習(xí)時(shí)要加碼。如高口練習(xí)聽譯段落不低于60秒。

3）強(qiáng)調(diào)輸出：即使很多基本功尚可的同學(xué)，參加口試仍感到不適應(yīng)。其中原因是考生學(xué)習(xí)口譯的主要途徑還是看書，記單詞，背短語，但實(shí)際是“以為自己懂了而其實(shí)不熟練”。所以平時(shí)練習(xí)時(shí)一定要“從耳朵到嘴巴”，并錄音錄下來，自己聽一聽就知道問題所在了。

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